Samitha's Tech Blog

Analog and Other Stuff - Ebooks

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 10 Jul 2008 07:00:00 +0000

This is a really cool place which I found trough a referral, It contains a good collection of e books on analog electronics and microcontrollres. Hope you enjoy it.

http://analogstuff.net/2007/06/ebooks-on-microcontroller-arm-etc.html

Ignition Coil PWM Driver

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Sun, 22 Jun 2008 13:47:00 +0000

High Voltage Sparks from a CRT Monitor

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Sun, 22 Jun 2008 13:45:00 +0000

Research Papers about Kirlian Photography

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 20 Jun 2008 15:39:00 +0000

Instant Kirlian diagnostic system (IKiDs). A unique form of diagnosis
Soultanov, V.; Charalambous, J.; White, E.; Sapunar, D.
Bio-electromagnetism, 1998. Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on

Volume , Issue , 15-18 Feb 1998 Page(s):147 - 148
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/ICBEM.1998.666438
Summary: Medicine has long been challenged to detect disease before it can do irreversible damage, usually by means of invasive tests after the presentation of symptoms. This paper introduces a unique diagnostic tool, the Instant Kirlian Diagnostic System (IKiDS) which derives from the work of the Kirlians of Russia in 1939. It delineates both the disease process and its energetic precursors in the human energy field, allowing for treatment and lifestyle changes before real damage occurs. IKiDS utilizes a sensor, high voltage electronics and computer software to “capture” an energy discharge from the fingertips which contains valuable diagnostic information. The research summary is based on analysis of over 1000 sets of prints. Whilst some diagnostic puzzles remain, it is clear that IKiDS has impressive diagnostic and evaluative capabilities. Furthermore, it is accurate, user friendly and offers a complete picture of the physical, mental and emotional condition in “real time”. Future research directions are indicated.

URL : http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?url=/iel4/5414/14635/00666438.pdf?arnumber=666438

Quick Diagnostics of Human Blood Condition by Means of Gas-Discharge Visualization Method
R. A. Kolomiyetz
Microwave and Telecommunication Technology, 2006. CriMiCO apos;06. 16th International Crimean Conference
Volume 2, Issue , Sept. 2006 Page(s):905 - 906
Digital Object Identifier 10.1109/CRMICO.2006.256251
Summary: In this paper, method of quick diagnostics of human blood condition by means of gas-discharge visualization (GDV) is proposed. This method is based on Kirlian's effect. The possible variant of the generator building for GDV and basis of making of GDV-images with use computer system were also discussed.

URL: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/defdeny.jsp?url=/iel5/4023328/4023329/04023533.pdf&tp=&arnumber=4023533&isnumber=4023329&code=2

Kirlian Image Reel - Email From the Creator

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 16:55:00 +0000

I asked about some facts regarding the kirlian video, which I have posted here. I will put the details here for readers reference.

Related Posts

http://www.hitechno.info/2008/06/kirlian-image-reel.html

Author of the video : John Campbell

Thank you very much John..

------------------------------------------------------------------
email...................................

Hi-

Thanks for your interest in my Kirlian video.

The equipment used is a CV6000 tesla coil and a transparent electrode. I bought these for about $1000 from www.kirlianlab.com. If you are a do-it-yourself person and comfortable building your own electrical equipment, you can get detailed plans in the book "Kirlian Photography- a hands-on guide" by John Iovine. I found that book using Google and bought it online. If you build it yourself- BE CAREFUL! You're dealing with high voltage!

If you buy the pre-made equipment from kirlianlab.com the builder/owner of the business is very helpful with giving advice for the best results and helping with any problems you might have.

To get good results with this equipment you'll need a video camera that has the ability to record under low light and can focus close to the surface of the transparent electrode (or can be fitted with a macro lens). The camera I use is a Canon ZR-45. It's just a consumer model that I bought at an electonics store like Best Buys.

In low-light mode the camera records images that are sort of slow and jerky because of the slow frame rate compensating for the long exposures of each frame. So I used an editing program (Final Cut Pro) to speed the shots up to look more natural.

As far as what you're seeing in the video, small thin objects that conduct electricity because they are metallic or contain moisture work the best. In order of appearance in my video they are:

1. Cross section of Starfruit
2. Starfish (he was dead but I soaked him in water to moisten him up a bit)
3. Cross section of Kumquat fruit
4. Cross section of Chinese squash
5. Catnip leaf (2 shots)
6. Crane's Bill Leaf (3 shots)
7. Misc group shots arranged in a circular pattern
8. A dead Moth (most people think it looks like a fish)
9. Small Poinsettia leaf
10. Vajra made from aluminum foil

Most of the objects you see in my video are no larger than about 1 or 2 inches. You could get a shot of a hand, but larger objects use up more energy and produce a dimmer image. The transparent electrode is only about 10 inches across so an adult hand is almost too large to frame up in the shot. The energized transparent electrode will also make your subject's hands tingle so you'll need a willing participant who isn't squeamish. For safety's sake you and your subject should wear rubber soled shoes and make sure all the equipment is properly grounded.

If you like my video, I hope you will consider buying my DVD which contains a newer version of the Kirlian video seen on YouTube as well as other interesting films that employ unusual techniques. It's available on Filmbaby for $15.99. To go directly to my DVD page go to: http://www.filmbaby.com/films/2961

Good luck- let me know how it goes!

John

Kirlian photography - Another Viewpoint

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 06:34:00 +0000

Kirlian photography

In 1939, Semyon Kirlian discovered by accident that if an object photographic plate is subjected to a high-voltage electric field, an image is created on the plate. The image looks like a colored halo or coronal discharge. This image is said to be a physical manifestation of the spiritual aura or "life force" which allegedly surrounds each living thing.

Allegedly, this special method of "photographing" objects is a gateway to the paranormal world of auras. Actually, what is recorded is due to quite natural phenomena such as pressure, electrical grounding, humidity and temperature. Changes in moisture (which may reflect changes in emotions), barometric pressure, and voltage, among other things, will produce different 'auras'. Living things...are moist. When the electricity enters the living object, it produces an area of gas ionization around the photographed object, assuming moisture is present on the object. This moisture is transferred from the subject to the emulsion surface of the photographic film and causes an alternation of the electric charge pattern on the film. If a photograph is taken in a vacuum, where no ionized gas is present, no Kirlian image appears. If the Kirlian image were due to some paranormal fundamental living energy field, it should not disappear in a simple vacuum (Hines 2003).

There have even been claims of Kirlian photography being able to capture "phantom limbs," e.g., when a leaf is placed on the plate and then torn in half and "photographed," the whole leaf shows up in the picture. This is not due to paranormal forces, however, but to fraud or to residues left from the initial impression of the whole leaf.

Kirlian Image Reel

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 06:22:00 +0000

Aura -Kirlian photography

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 06:16:00 +0000

Aura -Kirlian photography

Definition

Kirlian photography creates a photographic image by placing the object or body part to be photographed on film or photographic paper and exposing it to an electro-magnetic field.

Process

The process of photographing an object, by exposing film in a dark room to the light that results from electronic and ionic interactions caused by placing the object in an intense electric field. The photograph shows a light, glowing band surrounding the outline of the object.

Benefits

The most common therapeutic use of Kirlian photography is as a diagnostic tool. Variations in the shapes, colors, and intensity of the images produced are said to provide clues to the patient's overall health and energy level and to indicate the presence or absence of disease, specific emotional states, and other physiological or psychological conditions. But the consistency of this method is not yet verified. The photograph may affected not only by the physical and mental conditions of the person being photographed, but also the environmental conditions such as air pressure, humidity and temperature.

Background facts

Although some have speculated that Kirlian photography actually records the aura long said by some mystics and psychic healers to exist around human beings, this is not a generally accepted viewpoint. A scientific explanation of these dramatic images is that they result from interactions between charged particles created by the electromagnetic field used to form the images.
A 1976 Science article concluded that moisture is a principal determinant of the form and color of human Kirlian photographs.
It has also been noted that variations in a variety of factors, including the amount of pressure on the plate, the voltage and frequency, and the exposure time, moisture, and temperature, can all influence the images produced.
For these reasons, as well as claims of unreliability and a lack of research data supporting its use, Kirlian photography is not recognized as a legitimate diagnostic tool by the mainstream medical community.
Nevertheless, individual practitioners and researchers continue to experiment with Kirlian photography for diagnosis, especially in Russia and Eastern Europe. It has also been used for such nonmedical purposes as detecting flaws in metal and determining the viability of seeds.

Back to Blogging

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 19 Jun 2008 06:12:00 +0000

Hi people, I'm here with my blog after a long time. The reason behind my absence is the heavily loaded academic stuff (specially my final year project). I hope to publish an article of it as soon as possible.

Regards,
Samitha

Piumal Gunawardana has Passed Away

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Tue, 31 Jul 2007 13:00:00 +0000

Our Beloved friend Piumal Gunawardana has passed away today morning (31^st August 2007). He was affected by a serious cancer in his throat. He is a final year student of faculty of engineering, University of Moratuwa, Department of Mechanical Eng. He had a great academic profile, in his Advanced Levels, and University.

The author of this post is a friend of him, within last eight years.

May He Attain Nibbana !!!!!!!!!!!!

Hybrid Stepper Motor basics

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Mon, 23 Jul 2007 06:01:00 +0000

The hybrid stepper motor consists of two pieces of soft iron, as well as an axially magnetized, round rotor. The term hybrid is derived from the fact that the motor is operated under the combined principles of the permanent magnet and variable-reluctance stepper motors.

The stator core structure of a hybrid motor is essentially the same as its VR counterpart. The main difference is that in the VR motor, only one of the two coils of one phase is wound on one pole, while a typical hybrid motor will have coils of two different phases wound on the same pole. The two coils at a pole are wound in a configuration known as a bifilar connection.

The teeth on the rotor provide an even better path which helps guide the magnetic flux to preferred locations in the air gap.

This type provides better performance with respect to step resolution, torque and speed. The hybrid stepper motor combines the best features of both the PM and VR type stepper motors. These facts further increase the detent, holding and dynamic torque characteristics of the motor when compared with both the VR and PM types.

Permanent Magnet Type Stepper Motor

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Mon, 23 Jul 2007 05:59:00 +0000

The rotor is magnetized with alternating north and south poles situated in a straight line parallel to the rotor shaft. These magnetized rotor poles provide an increased magnetic flux intensity and because of this the PM motor exhibits improved torque characteristics when compared with the VR type.

Variable Reluctance Type (VR type) Stepper Motor

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Mon, 23 Jul 2007 05:46:00 +0000

This type of motor consists of a soft iron multi-toothed rotor and a wound stator. When the stator windings are energized with DC current the poles become magnetized. Rotation occurs when the rotor teeth are attracted to the energized stator poles. This motor has poor torque load characteristics, rather than the motor types discussed below, hence have a low scope of applications compared to Permanent magnet and Hybrid types

Basics of Stepper Motor

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Mon, 23 Jul 2007 05:45:00 +0000

A stepper motor is a brush less, synchronous electric motor that can divide a full rotation into a large number of steps, for example, 200 steps. Thus the motor can be turned to a precise angle. There are three major types of stepper motors available in practice.

1. Variable Reluctance Stepper Motors
2. Permanent Magnet Stepper Motors

3. Hybrid Stepper Motors

The stepper motor required a special driving circuit. This is basically done by using an array of power transistors, or switches.

The theory behind stepper motor operation is the magnetic attraction. The stepper rotor will be non coiled rotor. The stator consists with a set of coils and those coils are connected as a set manner. When one set of coils energized the rotor pole will be subject to attract to particular pole and because of that the rotor axis will subject to rotate.

Fault Analysis in a Power System

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Tue, 10 Jul 2007 12:54:00 +0000

A fault in a power system is defined as a condition which adds a disturbance to the proper operation and the stability of the system. In simple words, a fault is referred to any abnormal condition, which has occurred in a power system, has properly operated prior to the abnormal condition.

A fault may occur due to various reasons such as environmental conditions, such as lighting, storms, etc., improper maintenance of the power system; insulation failures etc. They can cause the system instability. Therefore it is very important to study the faults and get necessary actions to overcome such situations.

It is essential to ensure the protection of the power system because a fault may cause severe damages to the expensive equipments that connected to the system, even life hazards. When in design phase of a power system, the designer should pay his attention to the protection scheme of the system, should implement the system as a system which has high degree of protection. The method of fault analyze by the aid of sequence components, is a great tool to the designer, to calculate the fault level at any point of the system prior to the implementation as well as after. The results of the fault study will be helping the designer to select the correct ratings for the protective devices such as breakers and relays.

The faults in power systems can mainly be classified as Series faults and Parallel faults. This classification is done in a broader sense. Series faults are referred as the faults that occur along the transmission line serially such as conductor aging, breaking etc. Here we consider only the Parallel faults. Parallel faults may subdivide in to two categories as Symmetrical faults and Asymmetrical faults, by the appearance of them to the system.

Assumptions made in the experiment

In order to reduce the complexity and for a trouble-free implementation in the DC network analyzer the following assumptions were made.

The pre-fault bus voltage is 1 p.u.

Fault currents are very much higher than the load currents and therefore the load currents were neglected

Line resistance is smaller compared to the reactance therefore it can be neglected.

The bus voltages kept in nominal values, therefore it is considered as the pre fault bus voltage is 1 in per unit basis. It is a valid assumption to neglect load currents compared with fault currents because fault currents are normally hundreds of times than the load currents. Normally the lines are made of good conductor materials to minimize the losses and voltage drops. So there resistance compared with reactance is very much smaller. Hence the third assumption is also a valid one and it also eases the analysis.

Generally, the majority of faults in power systems are asymmetrical in nature. Single Line to Ground, Line to Line, Double lines to Ground are the possible combinations of faults that can occur within the system. When this type of fault occurs, it gives rise to unsymmetrical currents. Unsymmetrical currents have different magnitudes in the three lines with unequal phase displacement.

The asymmetrical faults can be analyzed using symmetrical component method. This method resolves the unbalanced three phase system in to three systems, which have same phase sequence as the power system, opposite sequence to the power system, and independent in sequence to the power system, which known as positive sequence, negative sequence and zero sequence respectively. (Actually this is a theorem which can apply for any n number of unbalanced vector systems, which states that they can resolve in to n-1 number of balanced systems and an independent system to the source).

By using this theorem, we can derive the sequence networks to the unbalanced system. Then we can change the interconnections between the sequence networks to represent any type of fault that occur within the system.

The DC network analyser can be used for the simulation purpose by using proportional resistances to represent sequence impedances of generators, transformers and transmission lines. DC power supply represents the generators in this case. For a unsymmetrical fault, three sequence networks can be connected according to the fault the measurements can be taken. For a symmetrical fault equivalent single phase network can be easily implemented using suitable resistances.

Facts, which should consider when deriving, sequence networks

Transmission lines

The positive and negative sequence impedances of a line are the same and it is the normal impedance of the line. However the zero sequence impedance is much grater than the positive or negative sequence impedance.

Generators

The positive sequence impedance of a synchronous generator is equal to the synchronous impedance of the machine. The negative sequence impedance is much less than the positive sequence impedance. The zero sequence impedance is a variable.

Transformers

The positive and negative sequence impedances of a transformer are equal and it is the impedance of the transformer. But the zero sequence impedance depends on the earth connection.

Free PDF creator for you

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 05 Jul 2007 14:14:00 +0000

These are the links of most common free pdf creators that available for free, with their Source code.

Copy and paste this links on your browser.

PDF Creator
An excellent pdf printer driver for windows.

http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/pdfcreator/PDFCreator-0_9_3_GPLGhostscript.exe

qvPDF
qvPDF is a PDF creator for Windows. It's implemented as printer driver and uses plugins to execute different actions after creating the PDF.

http://nchc.dl.sourceforge.net/sourceforge/qvpdf/qvPDF_v300.45_setup.exe

New Trends in RFID

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:41:00 +0000

Some active RFID tags include sensors such as temperature logging to monitor the temperature of perishable goods. Other sensors that have been married with active RFID include humidity, shock/vibration, light, radiation, temperature, and atmospherics like ethylene.

Non-silicon tags made from polymer semiconductors are currently being developed by several companies (PolyIC Germany, Philips Semiconductors Netherlands). If successfully commercialized, polymer tags will be roll-printable, like a magazine, and much less expensive than silicon-based tags.

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/operation-of-rfid-tag-example.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/applications-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/problems-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/new-trends-in-rfid.html

Problems of RFID tags

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:40:00 +0000

No standard universal protocol defined yet, for the responding frequencies of RFID tags. (Frequencies in USA are currently incompatible with those in Europe or Japan).
Security Problems – The tags which are world readable may pose a risk to privacy, military security etc.
Since RFID systems make use of the electromagnetic spectrum they are relatively easy to jam using energy at the right frequency.
Collisions may occur between readers and/or between tags.
Implanted tag, to a person, can be read without his permission.

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/operation-of-rfid-tag-example.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/applications-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/problems-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/new-trends-in-rfid.html

Applications of RFID tags

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:36:00 +0000

Most common applications of RFID tags can be summarized as follows.

Product tracking and identification – as a replacement for barcodes and barcode readers, library management systems, identification badges (American Express Blue™ credit card), container management systems in ports
Passports – can keep records of the travel history (time, date, and place) of entries and exits from the country (e-passport Malaysia)
Animal tracking – Implanted RFID tag can track the position of an animal
Automotive – Long range access controlling of vehicles, embedded in keys to avoid duplicates(Honda CBR RR, Toyota Camry 2007, Toyota Avalon 2006, Lexus GS), Anti theft ignition system (Honda Civic, Ford Mustang)
Automatic Logging, Security Systems – Implanted RFID tag can be used to log in to a PC or a Server with required hardware, and can be used for security systems (Banks)

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/operation-of-rfid-tag-example.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/applications-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/problems-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/new-trends-in-rfid.html

Operation of RFID tag - an example

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:34:00 +0000

Suppose a man with implanted RFID tag in his body, approaches to a door with a security lock based on RFID. Then following events will occur, between the lock and the tag.

An RFID reader emits radio waves, which power the implanted tag. The reader sends an encryption password.
The tag, which consists of a microchip and an antenna, checks the password. If it recognizes the password, the tag’s memory unlocks.
The tag transmits a code stored in its memory back to the reader.
The reader compares the tag’s code to a key code stored in the reader. If they match, the lock opens.
The reader generates a new key and stores it, then sends the new key to the tag.
The tag writes the new key into its memory.

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/operation-of-rfid-tag-example.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/applications-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/problems-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/new-trends-in-rfid.html

RFID - Radio frequency Identification

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 29 Jun 2007 11:25:00 +0000

As the name implies, Radio frequency Identification (RFID) means the process that identifying objects by means of radio waves. A special device is used to identify the object uniquely, and is called as RFID tag or Radio tag. More precisely this is the process of relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using RFID tags. Nowadays this tag become very small and can be implanted to a product, an animal or even to a person for the purpose of identification by means of radio waves.

Commonly available RFID tag has two major parts. One is an integrated circuit for storing and processing information, modulating and demodulating a radio frequency (RF) signal and perhaps other specialized functions. The second is an antenna for receiving and transmitting the signal. RFID increases the speed and accuracy with which inventory can be tracked and managed thereby saving money for the business.

RFID tags come in three general varieties named as passive, semi-passive (also known as battery-assisted), or active.

Passive RFID tags

These types of RFID tags have no internal power supply to energize its internal circuitry. In the instance that a RFID reader emits its radio waves, the induced electrical current in the antenna of the tag produces the required power for the CMOS IC in the tag. From this, the tag transmits its response to reader. This means that the antenna has to be designed to both collect powers from the incoming signal and also to transmit the outbound backscatter signal. The response of a passive RFID tag is not necessarily just an ID number or a code similar to bar code; the tag chip can contain non-volatile EEPROM for storing data.

The practical read distance of a passive tag has the range of 10 cm to few meters, and it depends on the operating radio frequency, the type of antenna, the size of it and the design of RFID. The lack of an onboard power supply means that the device can be quite small: commercially available products exist that can be embedded in a sticker, or under the skin in the case of low frequency RFID tags.

In February 2007 Hitachi Cooperation announced a RFID device measuring 0.05×0.05 mm, and thins enough to be embedded in a sheet of paper. This is named as µ-Chip. Silicon on insulator (SOI) was used to achieve this integration level of the chip. The new chips can store as much data as the older tags, and the data contained on them can be extracted from as far away as a few hundred meters. This chips can wirelessly transmit a 128 bit unique ID and data (encrypted or not), which is embedded to it in manufacturing process.

Active RFID tags

Active type RFID tags have their own internal power source to energize their integrated circuit module and transmit the signals to the tag reader. Active tags have the ability to conduct a session with the reader by using a handshaking technique. Also these types of tags have the ability of transmitting higher signal power levels to the reader because of its onboard power supply. This feature leads to more effective operation rather than passive tags in environments like water, metal (shipping containers, vehicles), or at longer distances. Many active tags have practical ranges of hundreds of meters, and a battery life of 5 to 10 years. Active tags typically have much longer range (approximately 100 m/300 feet) and larger memories than passive tags, as well as the ability to store additional information sent by the transceiver.

Semi Passive RFID tags

Semi-passive tags are similar to active tags as they have their own power source, but the battery is used just to power the microchip and not broadcast a signal. The RF energy is reflected back to the reader like a passive tag.

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/operation-of-rfid-tag-example.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/applications-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/problems-of-rfid-tags.html

http://www.hitechno.info/2007/06/new-trends-in-rfid.html

HITECHNO.INFO

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Tue, 26 Jun 2007 06:16:00 +0000

I Received a domain name, www.hitechno.info. I hope to start a tech forum from this domain. I will Inform you the contents and the policies about this. If you are willing to know more information and hope to became an administrator of a forum section, please let me know.

Free SMS, to Any Mobile In The World

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Fri, 22 Jun 2007 12:27:00 +0000

Do you want to send free SMS messages? Then become a member of SMS CITY

Advantages of SMS CITY
* Free SMS every day;
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* Your own number as sender;
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* Group SMS and Plan your SMS's;
* SMS anonymously;
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Register Here

PSCAD, Power System Computer Aided Design

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Thu, 21 Jun 2007 08:00:00 +0000

The analyzing of a real world power system may be a very complex task for an engineer or for the person who moderate the power system, especially in the case of unexpected faulty conditions that may occur by various means including unpredictable natural disasters. This analyzing process should do by the equivalent mathematical models of the equipments that were connected to power system. It is a great ease, if the engineer can model the system with the aid of a software platform to analyze and simulate the behavior of power system at various scenarios and even when building new one or integrate new one to the existing power system.

PSCAD^® is a general-purpose time domain simulation tool for studying transient behavior of electrical networks. First developed in 1976, the EMTDC simulation program has been constantly evolving in its scope and capabilities. Users can now harness the power of EMTDC through the user-friendly PSCAD interface on personal computers. This seamlessly integrated visual environment supports all aspects of conducting a simulation including circuit assembly, run-time control, analysis, and reporting. Simply put, PSCAD is the professional's tool for electromagnetic transient simulation.

MATLAB™, framework also contain a library to simulate power systems, but it cannot model, all the scenarios that can happen to the power system, specially the fault conditions. Therefore PSCAD™ evolved as the only professional tool to simulate and design the power systems, nowadays. This Platform has very efficient simulate engine, with a core written by FORTRAN language. EMTDC can simulate not only complex electric networks but also has the capability of modeling complex power electronics, controls and the non-linear network. When run under the PSCAD graphical user interface, the PSCAD/EMTDC combination becomes a powerful means of visualizing the enormous complexity of portions of the electric power system.

Applications of PSCAD

· Distributed generation studies

· Control system design & optimization.

· Protection system validation

· Lightning and impulse studies

· Power transmission design and testing

· Industrial plant planning

· Power electronic circuits design analyzing and simulation

· Analyzing Asymmetrical faults of Large power systems

· Protection relay coordination

· Arc furnace flicker

· Rotating machines

· Transmission system design & performance

· Power quality studies

· Power electronic design

· Electric machine performance

Piyumal Gunawardana , Current Situation

noreply@blogger.com (Samitha) — Tue, 19 Jun 2007 03:47:00 +0000

You may remember the email you received regarding the cancer affected engineering undergraduate student Piyumal Gunawardana of University of Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. This email is to inform his current situation to you.

Piyumal underwent his surgery at the Gleneagles hospital, Singapore. It was done by a group of doctors lead by Dr. Andrew H. Sea. This surgery took nearly 14 hours to complete. Major intention of this surgery was to remove the cancer tumor from Piyumal. As a result of the surgery his tongue, voice box, jaws(lower pair) and other areas of his mouth which were affected by the cancer were removed. Then muscles were taken from his chest and right thigh, and were planted to compensate the removed areas in his face. Feeding tube was attached for feeding purposes and another tube for breathing (this was attached to his throat). Piyumal was in the intensive care unit for 3 days and then transferred to a normal ward. After about three weeks he was discharged and was taken back to Sri Lanka.

This surgery cost us about 6 million LKR and earlier we had to spend another 3 million on his chemos which were given prior to the surgery. We also had to spend another 1.8 million LKR at an emergency situation where the doctors had to do a sudden surgery on Piyumal. We received a great support from people in Sri Lanka and abroad. Lot of people had responded our email and they contributed in various ways to help Piyumal and his family. We would like to mention all of those who helped us when we needed a lot of support with our heartiest gratitude.

After spending two weeks at Sri Lanka, he was consulted by a doctor and he recommended to give some more chemos (set of injections) to avoid any spreading of the cancer (if it exist any more). He has now given two cycles of chemos at the Oasis hospital, Colombo. Then a CT scan will be done and Piyumal will have to go back to Singapore for consulting the doctor. We have been able to find the money which was needed up to now with your greatest help. After six months Piyumal will undergo another surgery to make up his face to a normal position (That has not been done in the surgery). At the moment he is fed by the tube. He cannot speak because his tongue and the voice box are removed. Doctors will try to fix them at a later time. At the moment our major intention is to save him from the cancer completely.

We would like to thank all of you who helped us in all possible ways. You showed great human qualities by helping us when we were helpless. We owe all of you. We pray the Load Buddha, Jesus, Allah and all the gods to protect you from any trouble.

Please forward this to all whom you think you should.

Contact details of Piyumal’s family

Telephone : +94412228595
+94602405265

Email : piyumal123@yahoo. com

Thanking you,

Piyumal's family.

This message has been sent to me, by Amila Mahaarachchi