<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><rss xmlns:atom="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/" xmlns:blogger="http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" version="2.0"><channel><atom:id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078</atom:id><lastBuildDate>Thu, 19 Dec 2024 03:32:51 +0000</lastBuildDate><category>Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><category>Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><category>Hóa vô cơ</category><category>điện phân</category><category>Oxy Hóa-Khử</category><category>ăn mòn kim loại</category><category>Cách nhìn cuộc sống</category><category>Hóa 11-ôn thi đại học</category><category>Hóa hữu cơ</category><category>Phần mềm thiết yếu</category><category>Thuyết lai hóa orbital</category><category>Toán acid</category><category>alcol</category><category>hydrocarbon</category><category>phenol</category><category>tốc độ phản ứng và cân bằng hóa học</category><category>Đề thi thử đại học có đáp án</category><category>đề thi</category><title>Luyện Thi Đại Học Môn Hóa Học Chuyên nghiệp</title><description>Chuyên đề ôn thi đại học,hóa vô cơ, hữu cơ, lơp 10,11,12</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/</link><managingEditor>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</managingEditor><generator>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>23</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1351226252088871534</guid><pubDate>Tue, 21 Oct 2014 06:38:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-10-20T23:38:20.379-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><title>Tài liệu ôn thi Đại Học Môn Hóa Học (Trọn bộ)</title><description>&lt;h2 style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; clear: both; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: &#39;Myriad Pro&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: normal; margin: 0.425em 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Tài liệu ôn thi Đại Học Môn Hóa Học (Trọn bộ)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; color: red; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: transparent; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: &#39;Myriad Pro&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19.5px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 1: Điện phân&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDlp&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDlq&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 2: Hidrocacbon no&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDlr&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDls&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 3: Hidrocacbon không no&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-3-lc3bd-thuye1babft-hidrocacbon-khc3b4ng-no.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-3-bc3a0i-te1baadp-hic491rocacbon-khc3b4ng-no.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 4: Hidrocacbon thơm&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-4-lc3bd-thuye1babft-hidrocabon-thc6a1m.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-4-bc3a0i-te1baadp-hic491rocacbon-thc6a1m.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 5: Dẫn xuất Ancol – Phenol – Halogen&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-5-lc3bd-thuye1babft-de1baabn-xue1baa5t-halogen-phenol-ancol.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-5-bc3a0i-te1baadp-de1baabn-xue1baa5t-halogen-phenol-ancol.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 6: Anđehit – Xeton – Axit Cacboxylic&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-6-lc3bd-thuye1babft-andehit-xeton-axit-cacboxylic.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-6-bc3a0i-te1baadp-anc491ehit-xeton-axit-cacboxylic.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 7: Este – Lipit – Chất giặt rửa&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-7-lc3bd-thuye1babft-este-lipit-che1baa5t-gie1bab7t-re1bbada.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-7-bc3a0i-te1baadp-este-e28093-lipit-e28093-che1baa5t-gie1bab7t-re1bbada.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 8 : Cacbohidrat&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-8-lc3bd-thuye1babft-cacbohidrat.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-8-bc3a0i-te1baadp-cacbohidrat.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 9: Amin – Amino Axit – Protein&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-9-lc3bd-thuye1babft-amin-amino-axit-protein.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-9-bc3a0i-te1baadp-amin-e28093-aminoaxit-e28093-protein.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 10:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Polime – Vật liệu Polime&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-10-lc3bd-thuye1babft-polime-ve1baadt-lie1bb87u-polime.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-10-bc3a0i-te1baadp-polime-ve1baadt-lie1bb87u-polime.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 11:&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Đại cương về kim loại&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-11-bc3a0i-te1baadp-c491e1baa1i-cc6b0c6a1ng-ve1bb81-kim-loe1baa1i.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 12: Kim loại kiềm – Kiềm thổ – Nhôm&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=DEE27A284B0E338!193&amp;amp;authkey=!AC2CWKKhfJ2OM3k&amp;amp;ithint=file%2c.rar&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết, PP giải bài tập và BT thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 13: Sắt – Hợp chất của Sắt – Một số kim loại khác&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-13-lc3bd-thuye1babft-se1baaft-vc3a0-he1bba3p-che1baa5t-ce1bba7a-se1baaft.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết&amp;nbsp;và PP giải bài tập&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2014/04/chuyc3aan-c491e1bb81-13-bc3a0i-tap-se1baaft-vc3a0-he1bba3p-che1baa5t-ce1bba7a-se1baaft.pdf&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bài tập&amp;nbsp;thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 14: Kỹ thuật xác định đồng phân – CT tính nhanh số đồng phân&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=DEE27A284B0E338!194&amp;amp;authkey=!AA174YkZx0ddP30&amp;amp;ithint=file%2c.rar&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết, PP giải bài tập và BT thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 15:&amp;nbsp;Nguyên tử, bảng tuần hòa, liên kết hóa học&amp;nbsp;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDlw&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết, PP giải bài tập và BT thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 16:&amp;nbsp;Phản ứng oxi hóa khử, tốc độ phản ứng, cân bằng hóa học&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://p.pw/badDlv&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lý thuyết, PP giải bài tập&amp;nbsp;và BT thực hành&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 17:&lt;/strong&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Sự điện li&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style-position: outside; margin: 0px 0px 0px 2.5em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: blue; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề 18: Phi kim&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; list-style: disc; margin: 0.4em 0px 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
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&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: &#39;Myriad Pro&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;img alt=&quot;New Picture (12)&quot; src=&quot;http://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/new-picture-12.jpg?w=600&amp;amp;h=44&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;background: rgb(255, 255, 255); border: 0px; color: #4e4e4e; font-family: &#39;Myriad Pro&#39;, &#39;Trebuchet MS&#39;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-top: 1em; padding: 0px; text-align: center; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://onedrive.live.com/redir?resid=DEE27A284B0E338!147&amp;amp;authkey=!AA6GueEc1cCpI7k&amp;amp;ithint=file%2c.rar&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; color: #0071bb; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Download bộ đề thi thử Hóa học&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;New Picture (12)&quot; src=&quot;http://chuyendeonthi.files.wordpress.com/2013/03/new-picture-12.jpg?w=600&amp;amp;h=44&quot; style=&quot;background: transparent; border: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/10/tai-lieu-on-thi-ai-hoc-mon-hoa-hoc-tron.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (MR Hòa)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>14.058324 108.277199</georss:point><georss:box>-1.4032849999999986 87.622902 29.519933 128.93149599999998</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-8678801411690683449</guid><pubDate>Sat, 10 May 2014 13:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-05-10T06:51:24.319-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Cách nhìn cuộc sống</category><title>Chàng trai bán báo đoạt Giải nhất America&#39;s Got Talent 2013 !</title><description>&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; frameborder=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;390&quot; src=&quot;//www.youtube.com/embed/AMC473AMdWA&quot; width=&quot;640&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/05/chang-trai-ban-bao-oat-giai-nhat.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-5392290540699016882</guid><pubDate>Wed, 26 Mar 2014 01:57:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T19:16:19.784-07:00</atom:updated><title>Hướng dẫn nhận tin mới từ blog qua email</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;font-family: &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 22px; padding: 0px 0px 15px; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Để giúp các bạn không có nhiều thời gian để vi vu trên web,  các bloger thường  đặt thêm chức năng đăng ký nhận feed bài viết mới qua email ngay tại trang chủ, đây là một tính năng được Feedburner cung cấp, theo đó nếu có một bài viết được cập nhật thì feed của bài đó sẽ được chính Google gửi cho bạn vào email đã đăng ký , từ đó bạn luôn có thể cập nhật được nội dung bài viết mới tại blog đó. Các bạn làm theo các bước sau để đăng kí nhận tin bằng Email từ một blog nào đó nhé:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/huong-dan-nhan-tin-moi-tu-blog-qua-email.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/huong-dan-nhan-tin-moi-tu-blog-qua-email.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-4661245547509495425</guid><pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2014 19:02:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:11:29.406-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa vô cơ</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><title>PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ CHẤT VÔ CƠ</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;border: 0px; font-family: Arial, &amp;#39;Liberation Sans&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;DejaVu Sans&amp;#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14px; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span aria-readonly=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;MathJax&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Element-1-Frame&quot; role=&quot;textbox&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; direction: ltr; display: inline; float: none; line-height: normal; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: nowrap; word-spacing: normal; word-wrap: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;nobr style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; margin: 0px; max-height: none; max-width: none; padding: 0px; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;math&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-1&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 1.03em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; font-size: 18px; height: 0px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: relative; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0.76em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; clip: rect(1.3em 1000.003em 2.328em -0.43em); left: 0.003em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: absolute; top: -2.16em; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-2&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mstyle&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-3&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-4&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;texatom&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-5&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mrow&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-6&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mi&quot; id=&quot;MathJax-Span-7&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline; font-family: MathJax_Math; font-style: italic; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px;&quot;&gt;A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.165em; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: 0px; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-transition: none; border-left-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 0px 0.004em; display: inline-block; height: 1.099em; margin: 0px; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; position: static; transition: none; vertical-align: -0.069em; width: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/nobr&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. PHÂN BIỆT MỘT SỐ CHẤT VÔ CƠ&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phan-biet-chat-vo-co.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phan-biet-chat-vo-co.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghN_IkAekvZgd_HTzx6XWGoh6U8q-4N0YeMj8Bba6-_prgixHKN_EgApqQdxZ34jVHKmtJ1pHE1WUU731hwyv_GHxG9EBU-NGJ3q2PPhQ29zPqF2YqILT-OK7dLkUssfwkzEOM4CwmzNqq/s72-c/download2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1064196196921704780</guid><pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2014 15:51:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:11:53.944-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa vô cơ</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Oxy Hóa-Khử</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ăn mòn kim loại</category><title>Sự ăn mòn kim loại</title><description>&lt;br&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/su-an-mon-kim-loai.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/su-an-mon-kim-loai.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgmjxjCkjdO5GBKinDG3M99-yUSsQTIt0QYvSQspjBbf6OzftnBrgPB9sfjoynb6R4i-2pf-SB59X5hCexX1xnY0N69vvaDh14LGGlcpNXpJYUkoSAybw9Vhi4iWEE9qHQQtCF-z5dElMMG/s72-c/an-mon-kim-loai-ltdh-hoa-hoc-blogspot.com.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-7265947561269538319</guid><pubDate>Tue, 25 Mar 2014 03:01:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:12:09.600-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><title>TỔNG KẾT CÁC DẠNG CÂU HỎI LÝ THUYẾT THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ THI  ĐẠI HỌC CỦA BỘ GD-ĐT MÔN HÓA</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
TỔNG KẾT CÁC DẠNG CÂU HỎI LÝ THUYẾT THEO CẤU TRÚC ĐỀ THI TUYỂN SINH ĐẠI HỌC CỦA BỘ GD-ĐT MÔN HÓA&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/tong-ket-cac-dang-cau-hoi-ly-thuyet.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/tong-ket-cac-dang-cau-hoi-ly-thuyet.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTu3DbbKPvh8K5t5bJqRcVwl84q6ZqnxXj6W0UYaGizTul7bPZPmO2FpLgseef2qmEG1q0XIvAtt4m2UNkqD0BLhuJ9hoDQB8TMF6hy1WBfe7aSBlfSSpex7bOYY0LFMMYCyr9aoMipwY/s72-c/ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com.Tong-ket-cac-cau-hoi-li-thuyet-Hoa-hoc-theo-cau-truc-de-thi-dai-hoc..jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-3318048619746638226</guid><pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2014 15:44:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:12:22.168-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa 11-ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa hữu cơ</category><title>CHUYÊN ĐỀ SO SÁNH NHIỆT ĐỘ SÔI  ĐỘ TAN VÀ TÍNH   AXIT-BAZƠ ( Sưu tầm cực hay)</title><description>&lt;h3&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Các bạn thấy hay hãy like blog và share ủng hộ mình&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-de-so-sanh-nhiet-do-soi-tinh-axit-base.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-de-so-sanh-nhiet-do-soi-tinh-axit-base.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq02yFovoaz3-ZIaJcu3yqK2WyInZ3-GyzUy0QseKJm_u3MhRpwOBuJGftfPOmJtxO9dAB0osTLXKIV3Nmp_xxkkU-iyEK29V5HgJYrTH5OkEMdHe7L7GZXsubWwaAZYJ7S80TWMz9-8M/s72-c/untitled.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9959104 105.85765330000004 20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-8192681725086092733</guid><pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2014 15:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:12:37.245-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa vô cơ</category><title>Bài toán CO2, SO2 tác dụng với bazơ ( bài tập, đáp án)</title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcff; color: #141414; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29.86666488647461px; margin-top: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;1. Dạng bài toán khi cho oxit axit (SO&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: bottom;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;, CO&lt;span style=&quot;vertical-align: bottom;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;) tác dụng với dung dịch kiềm (NaOH, KOH):&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcff; color: #141414; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29.86666488647461px;&quot;&gt;Phản ứng hóa học có thể xảy ra: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcff; color: #141414; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29.86666488647461px;&quot;&gt; (1) CO2 + OH-   --&amp;gt; HCO3-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #fcfcff; color: #141414; font-size: 19px; line-height: 29.86666488647461px;&quot;&gt; (2)CO2 +  2OH-  ---&amp;gt; CO3  + H2O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/bai-toan-co2-so2-tac-dung-voi-bazo-bai.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/bai-toan-co2-so2-tac-dung-voi-bazo-bai.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9884984 105.84756830000003 21.0033224 105.86773830000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-4546232775230824864</guid><pubDate>Fri, 21 Mar 2014 15:16:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:12:48.667-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Đề thi thử đại học có đáp án</category><title>Giải chi tiết đề Vinh năm 2014( Sưu tầm)</title><description>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid8RMBsM6hDl2Evq_4QdD6Ncg8Zsoo4NKtxy09KyJWX6HS9VCnnWsigsL1g2cs49W0UySvxYRVs3cRp9_tAOf4L62LPv-O2SaOGDKymJtwrYN7SpYuLtY2u2_uWiqEyd05yADeK2cdRYeN/s1600/2430457089_ea450e5881_o1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;205&quot; title=&quot;Đề thi thử đại học&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Đề thi thử đại học&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/giai-chi-tiet-e-vinh-nam-2014-suu-tam.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/giai-chi-tiet-e-vinh-nam-2014-suu-tam.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEid8RMBsM6hDl2Evq_4QdD6Ncg8Zsoo4NKtxy09KyJWX6HS9VCnnWsigsL1g2cs49W0UySvxYRVs3cRp9_tAOf4L62LPv-O2SaOGDKymJtwrYN7SpYuLtY2u2_uWiqEyd05yADeK2cdRYeN/s72-c/2430457089_ea450e5881_o1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9884984 105.84756830000003 21.0033224 105.86773830000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-8059711830735602573</guid><pubDate>Thu, 20 Mar 2014 14:10:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:12:58.761-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa vô cơ</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Toán acid</category><title>Chuyên đề :Bài toán về axit sunfuric</title><description>&lt;h2&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: large;&quot;&gt;A.Lý thuyết&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;h2 style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #333333; font-family: Arial, Helvetica, Georgia, sans-serif; font-size: 16px; line-height: 27px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px 0px 2px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://victonh.wordpress.com/2008/03/20/axit-sunfuric/&quot; rel=&quot;bookmark&quot; sl-processed=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom-color: rgb(117, 171, 234); border-bottom-style: solid; border-bottom-width: 1px; color: #105cb6; text-decoration: none;&quot; title=&quot;AXIT SUNFURIC&quot;&gt;AXIT SUNFURIC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-de-axit-sunfuric.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-de-axit-sunfuric.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiQCU5iFZ4QsXXjJdMTHfF1zff_eCMcxJXsWjxdPU9S4uuDUOKjA-gyrWTtdWazo-ykFvllMVd1JIcgDfWZO-ocDcbkxbsC2T8l5CitE-MmEE2NKTaaTvOh1XTGU_aL_ZUGKAIT1kN4q0w/s72-c/untitled.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9884984 105.84756830000003 21.0033224 105.86773830000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-467960035338197244</guid><pubDate>Wed, 19 Mar 2014 15:30:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:13:17.321-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">tốc độ phản ứng và cân bằng hóa học</category><title>TỐC ĐỘ PHẢN ỨNG VÀ CÂN BẰNG HÓA HỌC </title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;border: 0px; color: green; font-family: Arial, &amp;#39;Liberation Sans&amp;#39;, &amp;#39;DejaVu Sans&amp;#39;, sans-serif; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 30px; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/toc-o-phan-ung-va-can-bang-hoa-hoc-phan.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;I - PHẢN ỨNG MỘT CHIỀU, PHẢN ỨNG THUẬN NGHỊCH VÀ CÂN BẰNG HÓA HỌC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/toc-o-phan-ung-va-can-bang-hoa-hoc-phan.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/toc-o-phan-ung-va-can-bang-hoa-hoc-phan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEghN_IkAekvZgd_HTzx6XWGoh6U8q-4N0YeMj8Bba6-_prgixHKN_EgApqQdxZ34jVHKmtJ1pHE1WUU731hwyv_GHxG9EBU-NGJ3q2PPhQ29zPqF2YqILT-OK7dLkUssfwkzEOM4CwmzNqq/s72-c/download2.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9884984 105.84756830000003 21.0033224 105.86773830000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-2405658292727077946</guid><pubDate>Mon, 17 Mar 2014 03:10:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:13:27.820-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">alcol</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">hydrocarbon</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">phenol</category><title>Phương pháp giả bài tập halogen, acol,phenol</title><description>&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://dayhoahoc.com/images/stories/phenol-1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;alcol&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://dayhoahoc.com/images/stories/phenol-1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; title=&quot;Phenol&quot; width=&quot;320&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;phenol&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/PP-giai-bai-tap-phenol-alcol.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/PP-giai-bai-tap-phenol-alcol.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Minh Khai, Hoàn Kiếm, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.9959104 105.85765330000004</georss:point><georss:box>20.9884984 105.84756830000003 21.0033224 105.86773830000004</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1969040460556433710</guid><pubDate>Sun, 16 Mar 2014 02:21:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:13:38.619-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Thuyết lai hóa orbital</category><title>Thuyết lai hóa orbital,Lý thuyết VSEPR ,góc liên kết</title><description>Mình sưu tầm, xem chi tiết tại:&lt;a href=&quot;http://de-thi-hsg-quocgia-monhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/laihoa-thuyetVB-hoaHSG.html&quot;&gt; http://de-thi-hsg-quocgia-monhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/laihoa-thuyetVB-hoaHSG.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/thuyet-lai-hoa-orbitally-thuyet-vsepr.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/thuyet-lai-hoa-orbitally-thuyet-vsepr.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Hoàng Mai, Hà Nội, Việt Nam</georss:featurename><georss:point>20.989489669018731 105.86322784423828</georss:point><georss:box>20.97466416901873 105.84305784423829 21.004315169018732 105.88339784423827</georss:box></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-8003594774051438963</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Mar 2014 16:33:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:13:47.463-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">đề thi</category><title>Tuyển tập đề thi thử Đại học môn Hóa học toàn quốc năm 2014</title><description>&lt;div style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #666666; font-family: Georgia, &amp;#39;Times New Roman&amp;#39;, Times, serif; font-size: 13px; line-height: 19.200000762939453px; margin-bottom: 1.2em; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;
1. THPT Chuyên KHTN – ĐHQG Hà Nội: &lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/file/d/0B6veaMlPcp2bRm94c2RNRTA2ejA/edit&quot; style=&quot;color: #297896; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Lần 1&lt;/a&gt;(&lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/fnF8f&quot; style=&quot;color: #297896; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Bản pdf&lt;/a&gt;, &lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/fSwmn&quot; style=&quot;color: #297896; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Gợi ý giải chi tiết&lt;/a&gt; 1, &lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/fSwwg&quot; style=&quot;color: #297896; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; text-decoration: none;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Gợi ý giải chi tiết 2&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/dethithuhoahoc.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/dethithuhoahoc.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>1</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1012621864708725974</guid><pubDate>Tue, 11 Mar 2014 15:25:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:14:03.465-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Oxy Hóa-Khử</category><title>Chuyên Đề: Phản ứng oxi hóa – khử hay</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQyyFcgEWvRaMkwZnZNR8FWceKaty3UExd0bJN09I9y0Cx_11NgnZPuSzSrPEP_VKFCWmgK3NGqF2R99q_Ck8eFXARKRZBFlESZ60XUG_4ybYehUTx0myfo1TncZ6rcrhwbasIS84UdaI/s1600/httpluyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.bmp&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQyyFcgEWvRaMkwZnZNR8FWceKaty3UExd0bJN09I9y0Cx_11NgnZPuSzSrPEP_VKFCWmgK3NGqF2R99q_Ck8eFXARKRZBFlESZ60XUG_4ybYehUTx0myfo1TncZ6rcrhwbasIS84UdaI/s1600/httpluyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.bmp&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-phan-ung-oxi-hoa-khu-hay.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-phan-ung-oxi-hoa-khu-hay.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgQyyFcgEWvRaMkwZnZNR8FWceKaty3UExd0bJN09I9y0Cx_11NgnZPuSzSrPEP_VKFCWmgK3NGqF2R99q_Ck8eFXARKRZBFlESZ60XUG_4ybYehUTx0myfo1TncZ6rcrhwbasIS84UdaI/s72-c/httpluyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-497049071103027677</guid><pubDate>Sat, 08 Mar 2014 03:50:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:14:20.794-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">điện phân</category><title>Phương pháp gải bài tập điện phân</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;I – NHẮC LẠI LÍ THUYẾT&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;1) &lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyendedienphanhay.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Điện phân &lt;/a&gt;chất điện li nóng chảy&lt;/strong&gt;: áp dụng đối với MCl&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt;, M(OH)&lt;sub&gt;n&lt;/sub&gt; và Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt; (M là kim loại nhóm IA và IIA)&lt;br&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;2) &lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyendedienphanhay.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch&lt;/a&gt; chất điện li trong nước&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;br&gt;
- Vai trò của nước: trước hết là dung môi hòa tan các chất điện phân, sau đó có thể tham gia trực tiếp vào quá trình điện phân:&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phuongphapgiaibaitapdienphan.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phuongphapgiaibaitapdienphan.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-3114053805613466623</guid><pubDate>Sat, 08 Mar 2014 03:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:14:32.830-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">ăn mòn kim loại</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">điện phân</category><title>Ăn mòn kim loại</title><description>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #2c2c2c; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12px;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-small;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;I – KHÁI NIỆM&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/anmonkimloai.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/anmonkimloai.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-6145714553073092856</guid><pubDate>Sat, 08 Mar 2014 03:25:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:14:48.591-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">điện phân</category><title>Tổng hợp tài liệu hay về điện phân, ăn mòn hóa học</title><description>&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;A. Ăn mòn kim loại&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9qJhI3zY9tLRageDnCErdOSxBtrbFuAa_qXy89_1xD-7eks0azpyulsziBLu5iEDT9TtbsrySB5gS0ohCZuncjolScZ5dJyDXmPhdlNkrHTlqRN69fGxBeN2S9NxXOpY4bZE9evIuaZk/s1600/1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; display: inline !important; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9qJhI3zY9tLRageDnCErdOSxBtrbFuAa_qXy89_1xD-7eks0azpyulsziBLu5iEDT9TtbsrySB5gS0ohCZuncjolScZ5dJyDXmPhdlNkrHTlqRN69fGxBeN2S9NxXOpY4bZE9evIuaZk/s1600/1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;300&quot; title=&quot;&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;ăn mòn sắt&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyendedienphanhay.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyendedienphanhay.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9qJhI3zY9tLRageDnCErdOSxBtrbFuAa_qXy89_1xD-7eks0azpyulsziBLu5iEDT9TtbsrySB5gS0ohCZuncjolScZ5dJyDXmPhdlNkrHTlqRN69fGxBeN2S9NxXOpY4bZE9evIuaZk/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1044405643926485761</guid><pubDate>Sat, 08 Mar 2014 01:45:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:15:08.638-07:00</atom:updated><title>Chuyên đề điện phân, lý thuyết, bài tập chọn lọc và phương pháp giải ~ Luyện Thi Đại Học Môn Hóa Học Chuyên nghiệp</title><description>&lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-ien-phan-ly-thuyet-bai-tap.html&quot;&gt;Chuyên đề điện phân, lý thuyết, bài tập chọn lọc và phương pháp giải ~ Luyện Thi Đại Học Môn Hóa Học Chuyên nghiệp&lt;/a&gt;: đề điện phân, lý thuyết, bài tập chọn lọc và phương pháp giải
23:20  HAI NGUYENQUANG  NO COMMENTS&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-ien-phan-ly-thuyet-bai-tap_7.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-ien-phan-ly-thuyet-bai-tap_7.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-6596814024784441169</guid><pubDate>Fri, 07 Mar 2014 07:20:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-07T19:51:29.018-08:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa ôn thi đại học</category><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">điện phân</category><title>Chuyên đề điện phân, lý thuyết, bài tập chọn lọc và phương pháp giải</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.moon.vn/Images/Teachers/binhnguyentrang83/Baigiang/Haohoc/BGVeDayDienHoaCuaKL/image018.GIF&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://www.moon.vn/Images/Teachers/binhnguyentrang83/Baigiang/Haohoc/BGVeDayDienHoaCuaKL/image018.GIF&quot; height=&quot;132&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;margin: 6pt 0in; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
Tham Khảo Chuyên đề : &lt;a href=&quot;http://luyenthidaihocmonhoahoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phuongphapgiaibaitapdienphan.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Điện phân và ăn mòn kim loại&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Tải bộ tài liệu tại đây:&lt;br /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/efJ9S&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;LinkMediafile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/efYyd&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;LinkMediafile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/efYyd&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;LinkMediafile&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;(cách tải, chờ 5s nhấn skipAd)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;strong style=&quot;line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;I – KHÁI NIỆM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sự điện phân là quá trình oxi hóa – khử xảy ra ở bề mặt các điện cực khi có dòng điện một chiều đi qua chất điện li nóng chảy hoặc dung dịch chất điện li.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sự điện phân là quá trình sử dụng điện năng để tạo ra sự biến đổi hóa học.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trong quá trình điện phân, dưới tác dụng của điện trường các cation di chuyển về cực âm (catot) còn các anion di chuyển về điện cực dương (anot), tại đó xảy ra phản ứng trên các điện cực (sự phóng điện).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tại catot xảy ra quá trình khử cation (M&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;n+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ ne → M) còn tại anot xảy ra quá trình oxi hóa anion (X&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;n-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ X + ne).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Người ta phân biệt: điện phân chất điện li nóng chảy, điện phân dung dịch chất điện li trong nước, điện phân dùng điện cực dương tan.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;II – SỰ ĐIỆN PHÂN CÁC CHẤT ĐIỆN LI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;1. Điện phân chất điện li nóng chảy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trong thực tế, người ta thường tiến hành điện phân những hợp chất (muối, bazơ, oxit) nóng chảy của các kim loại có tính khử mạnh như Li, Na, K, Ba, Ca, Mg, Al&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;a)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Điện phân nóng chảy muối clorua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Chỉ áp dụng để điều chế kim loại kiềm và kiềm thổ)&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tổng quát:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 1:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân NaCl nóng chảy có thể biểu diễn bằng sơ đồ:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – )&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2| Na&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ e → Na.................2Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Phương trình điện phân là: 2NaCl 2Na + Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;(đpnc)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Cần có màng ngăn không cho Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;tác dụng trở lại với Na ở trạng thái nóng chảy làm giảm hiệu suất của quá trình điện phân. Một số chất phụ gia như NaF, KCl giúp làm giảm nhiệt độ nóng chảy của hệ…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;b) Điện phân nóng chảy hiđroxit&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;(Chỉ áp dụng để điều chế các kim loại kiềm: Na, K)&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tổng quát:&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot (-): 2M&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+2e2M&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Anot (+): 2OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;-2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân NaOH nóng chảy có thể biểu diễn bằng sơ đồ:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – )&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaOH&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4| Na&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 1e → Na ........................ 4OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;+ 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O + 4e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: 4NaOH &amp;nbsp;4Na + O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;c) Điện phân nóng chảy oxit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;(Chỉ dụng điều chế Al)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Điện phân Al&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;nóng chảy pha thêm criolit (Na&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;AlF&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;) có thể biểu diễn bằng sơ đồ:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – )&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Al&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;4| Al&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 3e → Al &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;................................ &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;3/2 O&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;+ 4e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: 2Al&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;4Al + 3O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;*&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Vai trò của criolit (Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;AlF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Criolit (Na&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;AlF&lt;sub&gt;6&lt;/sub&gt;) có vai trò quan trọng nhất là làm giảm nhiệt độ nóng chảy của Al&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;từ 2050&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C xuống khoảng 900&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Làm tăng độ dẫn điện của hệ.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Tạo lớp ngăn cách giữa các sản phẩm điện phân và môi trường ngoài.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;em&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;* Chú ý nếu anot làm bằng than chì:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Nếu điện cùc làm bằng graphit (than chì) thì sẽ bị khí sinh ra ở anot ăn mòn.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;mtdisplayequation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&amp;nbsp;Phương trình phản ứng điện phân cho cả 2 cực là:&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Khí ở anot sinh ra thường là hỗn hợp khí CO, CO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;và O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;. Để đơn giản người ta thường chỉ xét phương trình:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2. Điện phân dung dịch chất điện li trong nước&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Trong sự điện phân dung dịch, ngoài các ion do chất điện li phân li ra còn có các ion H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;và &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;của nước. Do đó việc xác định sản phẩm của sự điện phân phức tạp hơn. Tùy thuộc vào tính khử và tính oxi hóa của các ion có trong bình điện phân mà ta thu được những sản phẩm khác nhau.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ví dụ khi điện phân dung dịch NaCl, các ion Na&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;(H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O) di chuyển về catot còn các ion Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;(H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O) di chuyển về anot. Ion nào trong số chúng sẽ phóng điện ở các điện cực.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cơ sở để giải quyết vẫn đề này là dựa vào các giá trị thế oxi hóa – khử của các cặp. Trong quá trình điện phân, trên catot diễn ra sự khử. Vì vậy khi có nhiều dạng oxi hóa thì trước hết dạng oxi hóa của cặp có thế lớn hơn sẽ bị khử trước. Ngược lại trên anot sẽ diễn ra sự oxi hóa dạng khử của cặp có thế oxi hóa – khử nhỏ nhất trước.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;a) Khả năng phóng điện của các cation ở catot:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ở catot có thể xảy ra các quá trình khử sau đây:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; M&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;n+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ ne → M&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; 2H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;(axit) + 2e → H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Hoặc ion hiđro của nước bị khử: 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O + 2e → H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dạng oxi hóa của những cặp có thế càng lớn càng dễ bị khử. Theo dãy thế oxi hóa – khử thì khả năng bị khử của các ion kim loại như sau:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Các cation từ Zn&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;đến cuối dãy Hg&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Cu&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Ag&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;… dễ bị khử nhất và thứ tự tăng dần&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Từ Al&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;đến các ion đầu dãy Na&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Ca&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, K&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;… không bị khử trong dung dịch&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Các ion H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;của axit dễ bị khử hơn các ion H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;của nước&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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  o:href=&quot;http://www.moon.vn/Images/Teachers/binhnguyentrang83/Baigiang/Haohoc/PP_Dien_Phan/image005.GIF&quot;/&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;image005.GIF&quot; height=&quot;83&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:/DOCUME~1/Garena/LOCALS~1/Temp/msohtml1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; v:shapes=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; width=&quot;674&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c2c2c; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+ Ví dụ khi điện phân dung dịch hỗn hợp chứa FeCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;, CuCl&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;và HCl thì thứ tự các ion bị khử là: Fe&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 1e → Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;; Cu&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e → Cu ;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;2H&lt;sup&gt;+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e → H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;; Fe&lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e → Fe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;b) Khả năng phóng điện của các anion ở anot:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 4OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;→ O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O + 4e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hoặc ion &lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;của nước bị oxi hóa: &amp;nbsp;2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O → O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 4H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 4e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dạng khử của những cặp có thế oxi hóa – khử càng nhỏ càng dễ bị oxi hóa. Theo dãy thế oxi hóa – khử thì khả năng bị oxi hóa của các anion như sau:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+Các anion gốc axit không chứa oxi dễ bị oxi hóa nhất theo thứ tự:&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2c2c2c;&quot;&gt; S&lt;sup&gt;2–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt; I&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt; Br&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt; Cl&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt; RCOO&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt; &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;–&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Các anion gốc axit như NO&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, SO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, PO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, CO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, ClO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;…không bị oxi hóa&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Riêng các ion &lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;/span&gt;của kiềm hoặc của nước khó bị oxi hóa hơn các ion S&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, I&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Br&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Nếu khi điện phân không dùng các anot trơ như graphit, platin (Pt) mà dùng các kim loại như Ni, Cu, Ag…thì các kim loại này dễ bị oxi hóa hơn các anion vì thế oxi hóa – khử của chúng thấp hơn, và do đó chúng tan vào dung dịch (anot tan)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;c) Một số ví dụ:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 1:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;với anot trơ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – )&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Cu&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e Cu&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;................................... &amp;nbsp;2Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Cu + Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 2:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch NaCl bão hòa với điện cực trơ có màng ngăn&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – )&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; NaCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O, Na&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;............. (H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O)..............&amp;nbsp; Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O + 2e H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;- &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;2Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: 2NaCl + 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O 2NaOH + H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;+ Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Nếu không có màng ngăn thì: Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O nên phương trình điện phân là: NaCl + H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O NaClO + H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 3:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;với anot trơ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – ) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ni&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; ........... (H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O)............&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O, SO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Ni&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e Ni&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 4H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 4e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: 2NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O 2Ni + 2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;SO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 4:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;với anot bằng Cu&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – ) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;Cu ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ni&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;, H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O............ &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;(H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O)...............&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O, SO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ni&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e Ni&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cu Cu&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Phương trình điện phân là: NiSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ CuCuSO&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ Ni&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ 5:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân dung dịch hỗn hợp chứa FeCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;và HCl với anot trơ&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Catot ( – ) &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;FeCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, HCl&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Anot ( + )&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 1e Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Cu&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e Cu &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;2Cl&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2H&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Fe&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2+&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2e Fe&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Quá trình điện phân lần lượt xảy ra ở các điện cực là:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2FeCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;2FeCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;CuCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Cu + Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2HClH&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;FeCl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Fe + Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;III. ĐỊNH LUẬT FARADAY&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Khối lượng đơn chất giải phóng ở mỗi điện cực tỉ lệ với điện lượng đi qua dung dịch và đương lượng của đơn chất&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Trong đó:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; m: khối lượng chất giải phóng ở điện cực (gam)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A: khối lượng mol nguyên tử của chất thu được ở điện cực&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; n: số electron mà nguyên tử hoặc ion đã cho hoặc nhận&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; I: cường độ dòng điện (A)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; t: thời gian điện phân (s)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; F: hằng số Faraday là điện tích của 1 mol electron hay điện lượng cần thiết để 1 mol electron chuyển dời trong mạch ở catot hoặc ở anot (F = 1,602.10&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-19&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;.6,022.10&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;≈ 96500 C.mol&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;)&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;+&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; : đương lượng gam hóa học&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Ví dụ:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điện phân 100 ml dung dịch NaCl với điện cực trơ có màng ngăn với cường độ dòng điện I = 1,93A. Dung dịch thu được sau khi điện phân có pH = 12. Biết thể tích dung dịch không đổi, clo không hòa tan trong nước và hiệu suất điện phân 100%. Thời gian tiến hành điện phân là:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; A. 50 s &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; B. 60 s &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; C. 100 s &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; D. 200 s&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;Giải:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Ta có: pH = 12 [&lt;st1:state w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;st1:place w:st=&quot;on&quot;&gt;OH-&lt;/st1:place&gt;&lt;/st1:state&gt;] = 10&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; →&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tại catot (–) xảy ra phản ứng: &amp;nbsp;2H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O + 2eH&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;+ 2OH&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;IV. ỨNG DỤNG CỦA ĐIỆN PHÂN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sự điện phân có nhiều ứng dụng trong công nghiệp&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điều chế các kim loại&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điều chế một số phi kim như: H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, F&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, Cl&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Điều chế một số hợp chất như: NaOH, H&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sub&gt;, nước Gia – ven&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tinh chế một số kim loại như: Cu, Pb, Zn. Fe. Ag, Au…&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; mso-list: l9 level1 lfo1; tab-stops: list .25in; text-align: justify; text-indent: -.25in;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Mạ điện&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Điện phân với anot tan cũng được dùng trong mạ điện, nhằm bảo vệ kim loại khỏi bị ăn mòn và tạo vẻ đẹp cho vật mạ. Anot là kim loại dùng để mạ (như hình vẽ là vàng) còn catot là vật cần mạ (cái thìa). Lớp mạ thường rất mỏng, có độ dày từ 5.10&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;÷ 1.10&lt;sup&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: none windowtext 0in; padding: 0in;&quot;&gt;-3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/sup&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;apple-converted-space&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;cm.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 6.0pt; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 6.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;h1 class=&quot;blgdetail_title&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #333333; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 20px; line-height: 28px; list-style: none; margin: 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px 0px 5px; text-align: left; word-wrap: break-word;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://adf.ly/egAeP&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;V. MỘT SỐ CƠ SỞ ĐỂ GIẢI BÀI TẬP VỀ ĐIỆN PHÂN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;time_author&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; border: 0px none; color: #555555; font-family: Roboto; font-size: 13px; height: 30px; line-height: 20px; list-style: none; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-right: 150px; margin-top: 5px; outline: none; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px; text-align: left; vertical-align: bottom;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;blgtime&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px none; color: #aaaaaa; display: inline-block; font-size: 12px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 8px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: bottom;&quot;&gt;&lt;em class=&quot;clock_tinicn&quot; style=&quot;background-image: url(http://css.me.zdn.vn/v3/zmblog/images/tinyico.png); background-position: -16px 0px; border: 0px none; display: inline-block; height: 12px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 4px 0px 0px; outline: none; padding: 0px; vertical-align: -1px; width: 12px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0in 5.4pt 0in 5.4pt; width: 63.55pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;85&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-ien-phan-ly-thuyet-bai-tap.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-1492648248346263649</guid><pubDate>Tue, 04 Mar 2014 20:26:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:15:19.524-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Phần mềm thiết yếu</category><title>Phần mềm cho máy tính</title><description>Office 2007, 32bit, XP, win7: Full sery, crack có hướng dẫn cài&lt;br&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phan-mem-cho-may-tinh.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/phan-mem-cho-may-tinh.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhu5wGQ7-tiztRIvfsEM2YwuvPg7vCQw1FPgWnkdpDiw7T2nNmyDJOKGXc1zHWPjvPLrBPTguDTkQlJq7Ly0a3Av4gqo7FdBaxnoIqg_KtDO2yZe0dcOgGri-ld1jq2NYpNntwcFNGKu6g/s72-c/t%E1%BA%A3i+xu%E1%BB%91ng.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-5188758219100908619</guid><pubDate>Mon, 03 Mar 2014 07:18:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:15:28.769-07:00</atom:updated><category domain="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#">Hóa Lớp 10-ôn thi đại học</category><title>Chuyên đề bảng hệ thống tuần hoàn-Lý thuyết,bài tập cơ bản và nâng cao</title><description>&lt;br&gt;
&lt;img src=&quot;http://file.diendanbaclieu.net/hinh/2014/1/bang-tuan-hoan-cac-nguyen-to-hoa-hoc.jpg&quot; height=&quot;302&quot; width=&quot;400&quot;&gt;&lt;br&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-bang-he-thong-tuan-hoan-ly.html#more&quot;&gt;Read more »&lt;/a&gt;</description><link>http://ltdh-hoa-hoc.blogspot.com/2014/03/chuyen-e-bang-he-thong-tuan-hoan-ly.html</link><author>noreply@blogger.com (Anonymous)</author><thr:total>0</thr:total></item><item><guid isPermaLink="false">tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-4898642296161285078.post-612459189706709486</guid><pubDate>Mon, 03 Mar 2014 00:32:00 +0000</pubDate><atom:updated>2014-03-25T18:15:39.926-07:00</atom:updated><title>10 phương pháp giải nhanh môn Hóa cần ghi nhớ</title><description>&lt;div class=&quot;details-content clearfix&quot; style=&quot;border: 0px; direction: ltr; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 8px 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;blockquote class=&quot;tr_bq&quot;&gt;
&lt;/blockquote&gt;
&lt;span class=&quot;small&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; border: 0px; color: #979797; direction: ltr; font-size: 0.875em; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px; outline: 0px; padding: 0px; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;10 phương pháp giải nhanh môn Hóa cần ghi nhớ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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