Scotch Thistle with a Canadian Bite.

Strangely “official" records show that the Girvan/Cameron family first immigrated to Canada in 1912

2019-05-19T13:47:00.001-07:00

Strangely “official" records show that the Girvan/Cameron family first immigrated to Canada in 1912[what a year it really was, what a year], the year of my father’s birth. http://openmov.museumofvancouver.ca/node/130015. However, both the Girvan brothers resided in Edmonton Alberta; built and did the interior design on several buildings, including the Alberta, Hub and McDonald Hotels, and the Gem Theatre[next door to the hub Hotel (in my day, bring your own apple box, get in to watch the westerns for a dime)]. Grandfather ran Columbia Stone and Marble, the military rifle range while John was a member of the RCMP. The two brothers had much to do with the design of the original RCMP buildings in Edmonton.

THE LITTLE HOBO HAD A DREAM. OUT OF THAT DREAM EVOLVED THE SPEECH.

2018-06-05T15:22:00.003-07:00

NOW, these words rank just below Shakespeare's " This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man.t(Hamlet)as the most important of ^^**ALL^^** time,
LONG BEFORE MARTIN LUTHER KING, LONG BEFORE THE CIVIL RIGHTS MOVEMENTS, LONG BEFORE ANY HUMAN RIGHTS LEGISLATIONS, LONG BEFORE THE PINE BEETLE BEGAN ATTACKING NORTH AMERICAN'S, ESPECIALLY CANADIAN POLITICIANS*^*^AND CON-UCPEE-ERVATIVE*^*^(Piss Head)VOTERS NOODLES, THE LITTLE HOBO HAD A DREAM. OUT OF THAT DREAM EVOLVED THE SPEECH.
NOW, these words rank just below Shakespeare's " This above all: to thine own self be true, And it must follow, as the night the day, Thou canst not then be false to any man.t(Hamlet)as the most important of ^^**ALL^^** time,
Marxism is an economic and social system based on the political and economic theories of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels. While it would take veritably volumes to explain the full implications and ramifications of the Marxist social and economic ideology, Marxism is summed up in the Encarta Reference Library as “a theory in which class struggle is a central element in the analysis of social change in Western societies.” Marxism is the antithesis of capitalism which is defined by Encarta as “an economic system based on the private ownership of the means of production and distribution of goods, characterized by a free competitive market and motivation by profit.” Marxism is the system of socialism of which the dominant feature is public ownership of the means of production, distribution, and exchange.
Under capitalism, the proletariat, the working class or “the people,” own only their capacity to work; they have the ability only to sell their own labour. According to Marx, a class is defined by the relations of its members to the means of production. He proclaimed that history is the chronology of class struggles, wars, and uprisings. Under capitalism, Marx continues, the workers, in order to support their families are paid a bare minimum wage or salary. The worker is alienated because he has no control over the labour or product which he produces. The capitalists sell the products produced by the workers at a proportional value as related to the labour involved. Surplus value is the difference between what the worker is paid and the price for which the product is sold.
An increasing immiseration of the proletariat occurs as the result of economic recessions; these recessions result because the working class is unable to buy the full product of their labours and the ruling capitalists do not consume all of the surplus value. A proletariat or socialist revolution must occur, according to Marx, where the state (the means by which the ruling class forcibly maintains rule over the other classes) is a dictatorship of the proletariat.
ACCORDING TO MARKS and ENGLES ^^**Communism^^**are one and the same thing and are ^^**opposite IDEOLOGIES/beliefs to Lenin's Bolshevik Imperialistic Fascist Totalitarian DICTATORSHIPS
SOMEHOW, DO'T ASK ME TO EXPLAIN, FOR I AM UNABLE TO DO SO; the^^**Socialist slogan is “From each according to his ability, to each according to his work.” while the ^^**Communist^^** slogan supposedly varies thusly: “From each according to his ability, to each according to his needs.” Oh by the way, in order to bring me and this comment; back on subject, Charlie Chaplin, the MAN who wrote them, (this beautiful/most meaningful speech) self-identified as a COMMUNIST/ SOCIALIST, 1000% MARXIST.

Canada The United States, The World is no Where Near Ready for a Conversion to Solar/Wind/Tide Thermal or any “OTHER” Sustainable Energy.

2018-04-18T08:42:00.000-07:00

We KNOW high tension power lines (above ground) create Health as well as many other COSTLY problems. Little to NO research has been published as to the dangers of underground Power Pipelines such as will be needed running the length and breadth of Canada, BEFORE any major conversion, can become practical.

Technology-How the First PIPELINE Cable was Laid Across the Atlantic.

Us MODERN CANADIANS, we try and maintain a laser-like focus on the future, but sometimes it's worth taking a look back at the innovations of the past (something Trudeau, Notley and Horgan sorely need to do).

On August 16, 1858, the first message was sent across the Atlantic by telegraph cable, reading "Glory to God in the highest; on earth, peace and goodwill toward men". The transmission marked the culmination of 19 years of dreams, plans and hard work, bridging the economic and political systems of both the UK and the US.

The idea of a transatlantic communications cable was first floated in 1839, following the introduction of the working telegraph by Wiliam Cooke and Charles Wheatstone. Samuel Morse, the inventor of Morse code, threw his weight behind it in 1840, and by 1850, a link had been laid between Britain and France. The same year, construction began on a telegraph line up the far north-east coast of North America -- from Nova Scotia to the very tip of Newfoundland.

The team behind the east-coast cable was led by Frederick Newton Gisborne, a telegraph engineer from Lancashire, who lived in Nova Scotia. However, the line didn't prove too lucrative, and in 1853 the company collapsed. His fortunes changed, however, when he was introduced to Cyrus West Field, a businessman and financier from New York City.

Field took Gisborne's idea -- that the east-coast cable could be extended across the Atlantic to Britain -- and set about making it happen. He consulted Morse on the technical requirements, as well as a noted oceanographer named Matthew Maury, and after being satisfied that the project was feasible, formed the New York, Newfoundland and London Telegraph Company.

Field began to raise funds for the transatlantic expedition by selling shares in London and in New York in a parent company called the Atlantic Telegraph Company. The British government helped Field out with a subsidy of £1,400 per year, which works out at about £150,000 today, and the financier managed to get the US Congress to help out, too, despite fierce opposition from Anglophobe senators. Field also supplied a quarter of the funds for the cable himself.

IN 1857, THE FIRST ATTEMPT WAS MADE. A CABLE CONSISTING OF SEVEN COPPER WIRES WAS MANUFACTURED BY A PAIR OF ENGLISH COMPANIES --

Glass Elliot & Co from Greenwich, and R.S.Newall & Co from Liverpool. The cable's protective qualities were important -- it was covered with a latex made from gutta-percha, which was thought to be resilient to attack from marine plants and animals, wound with tarred hemp and surrounded by a spiralling sheath of iron wire. The idea was to allow for a pull of several tons, but still be relatively flexible.

Two ships -- the HMS Agamemnon and the USS Niagara -- set sail from near Ballycarbery Castle in County Kerry, on the southwest coast of Ireland on August 5, 1857. On the first day of the expedition, however, the cable broke and had to be grappled from the sea floor and repaired.

Soon after, the cable broke again at a depth of 3.2km, and the operation was called off for the year.

Undaunted, Field attempted the connection again the following year. After experiments in the Bay of Biscay had been conducted, the plan was changed -- the Niagara and Agamemnos met in the centre of the Atlantic on 26 June and attached their respective cables to each other, then headed for opposite sides of the ocean. Again, the cable broke -- once after less than 6km had been laid, again after about 100km and then a third time when 370km had been laid. The boats returned to port.

DESPITE LOW MORALE AMONG THE CREWS, A THIRD EXPEDITION SET OUT.

The boats met in the centre of the Atlantic on 29 July 1858, and attached the cables together. The ships veered off-course wildly, due to the ships' compasses being affected by the magnetic field generated by the electrically-charged coiled cable, but that problem was solved by a pilot boat used for navigation. Crucially, there were no cable breaks, and the Niagara made it to Trinity Bay in Newfoundland on 4 August, and the Agamemnon arrived at Valentia Island off the west coast of Ireland on 5 August. Over the following days, the shore ends were landed on both sides using a team of horses, and tests were conducted.

Then, on 16 August, the first message was successfully sent, and was swiftly followed by a telegram of congratulation from Queen Victoria to US President James Buchanan, which expressed a hope that the communications cable would create: "an additional link between the nations whose friendship is founded on their common interest and reciprocal esteem".

Buchanan shot back a rather more flowery response which said that "it is a triumph more glorious, because far more useful to mankind, than was ever won by conqueror on the field of battle. May the Atlantic telegraph, under the blessing of heaven, prove to be a bond of perpetual peace and friendship between the kindred nations, and an instrument destined by Divine Providence to diffuse religion, civilization, liberty, and law throughout the world". His verbose message will have caused headaches for the operators. The reception across the cable was terrible, and it took an average of two minutes and five seconds to transmit a single character. The first message took 17 hours and 40 minutes to transmit.

On 3 September, 1858, the cable failed. In an attempt to increase the speed of transmission, the voltage on the line was boosted from 600V to 2,000V, and the insulation on the cable couldn't cope. It failed over the course of a few hours, and it would be another six years before the capital was raised for another attempt. "It's still down there", John Kincey, a principal engineer from Cable & Wireless Worldwide and an expert on transatlantic undersea cables, told Wired.co.uk. "Most of them are. They're cleared near the beaches so that they don't interfere with fishing, but in most cases they're still at the bottom of the sea."

There have been some moves to recover the copper from the cables, which is valuable, but in many cases, they can be a nuisance to modern cable engineers. "We'll be trying to repair a cable," said Kincey, "and we'll pull up the wrong one."

However, although we're now laying fibreoptic cables rather than copper ones, Kincey says the techniques in laying and protecting the cables are still remarkably similar. "You've still got the same principles in effect. The cable is still covered with helical steel wires to protect the central core, and breaks are found by testing the resistance of the metal inside to determine the length before there's a break.

The major difference is the capacity. "While the first few cables could only manage a few words per minute", says Kincey, "modern submarine cables can transmit more like 84,000,000,000 words per second." Cable & Wireless Worldwide have plans to increase that further, with 100Gbit/s line systems expected to come online within the next 18 months -- 50,000 times greater per fibre than the first fibre optic cable that went live in 1988.

So next time you're reading our US colleagues' website over a transatlantic fibreoptic cable, remember the steadfast work of Frederick Gisborne and Cyrus Field back in 1858, in a pair of boats in the middle of the Atlantic.

THEY DON’T EVEN KNOW THE SUBJECT. The “BIG” concern is not “Fossil Fuels” or “Climate Change”

2018-04-12T12:54:00.000-07:00

Hey, not only do these (to use Patrick Head’s favourite expression)BOZOS”(above), not know what they are talking about; THEY DON’T EVEN KNOW THE SUBJECT. The “BIG” concern is not “Fossil Fuels” or “Climate Change”. Be, realistic; we are nowhere near ready to change over to “Renewable Energy” rather than FOSSIL.So-called, "Fossil" Fuels" will be the "Staple" for at LEAST THE NEXT 100 YEARS.

Even if we were, a ***Problem*** gasoline can just as easily be manufactured from vegetable matter (cattails, hem, hops, reed I’m beginning to see the light as from tar; or heavy crude. The subject is: PUT CANADA IN IT’S RIGHTFUL PLACE, AS THE GREATEST COUNTRY IN THE UNIVERSE—AS THE “SHITKICKERS”. Canada is not a warehouse, Canadians are the most POWERFUL PEOPLE ON EARTH, they just have to decide against being helpless GREED SLAVES-NO ACCOUNT SURFS and start realising WE CANADIANS OWN ABOUT 30% all NATURAL-from Nature’s Realm. Resources. WHY THE HELL ARE WE PAYING THE HIGHEST GASOLINE PRICES IN THE WORLD???

Girvan Then & Now

2018-04-10T15:59:00.001-07:00

There Exist Three Main Reasons, Why the Average Every Day Person you Might meet on the street, are Unable to Come up with ”Correct” Answers, Politically or Otherwise to Their Problems.

2017-09-15T01:36:00.000-07:00

In the world of today, the world we live in (note the very original phrasing and wording) There exist Three main reasons **Why** the Average Every Day Person you might meet on the street, are unable to come up with ”Correct” Answers, Politically or Otherwise to their problems. These are the same three reasons **How**the Capitalist Elite, the Wanna Be World Dictators, Governments are able to hoard money and/or spend appropriately and/or keep us constantly a War KILLING EACH OTHER.

1. Fake news websites (also referred to as hoax news websites deliberately publish fake news—hoaxes, propaganda, and disinformation purporting to be real news—often using social media to drive web traffic and amplify their effect. Unlike news satire, fake news websites deliberately seek to be perceived as legitimate and taken at face value, often for financial or political gain.

2. People (Peeps) will often take information(as illustrated at the left) and which intellectually they know to be incorrect but none the less unthinkingly use it in an attempt to come up with **Correct** answers.

3. The Third real problem as with most things in life is the REVERSE Racist and **other** special interest groups that are interested only in...**Their own special interest**.

OK, I already knew few of you would take the time to read this article; don’t matter any who; I was just saying while taking a break away from my harmonica practice.~~Al(Alex-Alexander) D Girvan.

THIS IS HOW Bad Things now are in British Columbia; you know; IN OUR COUNTRY

2017-09-09T08:48:00.001-07:00

Yes, Folks while the media keeps your attention focused on Hurricanes and US Politics; THIS IS HOW Bad Things now are in British Columbia; you know; IN OUR COUNTRY: Ash, from wildfires, on track believed partially responsible for TransLink Canada Line shutdown and delays. Canada Line

The Canada Line has two routes. One Canada Line route operates between Waterfront and YVR–Airport stations and a second route operates between Waterfront and Richmond–Brighouse stations.

You can transfer to the Expo Line, Seabus and West Coast Express at Waterfront station. You can transfer to/from YVR–Airport bound and Richmond–Brighouse bound trains at Bridgeport Station.

Yet, Once Again; North Americans Have Gone Completely Insane;or Should I be Writing REMAIN

2017-08-08T20:35:00.000-07:00

There Have Been More Mass Shootings in the United States of the Americas This Year Than There Have Been Days.

355 mass shootings in 336 days ... and counting.

Surrey shootings: fearful community after more than 60 shootings in 2015

New Canadian data shows that "Aboriginal"(primitive)people were victims at a rate about six times higher than that of non-Aboriginals, with First Nations men facing triple the risk faced by aboriginal females. Aboriginal males were seven times more likely to be homicide victims compared with non-aboriginal males,” according to Statistics Canada. “The rate of homicide for Aboriginal females was six times higher than for their non-aboriginal counterparts.

SCARY.

Friday 2 October 2015-994 mass shootings in 1,004 days: The above map shows what the gun crisis in the United States of the Americas looks like.

The Oregon school shooting is evidence that the US response to gun violence ‘has become routine’, Barack Obama says. The data compiled by the crowd-sourced site Mass Shooting Tracker reveals an even more shocking human toll: there is a mass shooting – defined as four or more people shot in one incident – nearly every day

Thu December 3, 2015-Mass Shooting-Two suspects died in a gun battle with police Wednesday hours after authorities say they burst into a holiday party at a centre for people with developmental disabilities. The violence began around 11 a.m. at the convention building at the Inland Regional Centre where employees with the county health department were attending a holiday event. Witnesses said at least two shooters opened fire, killing 14 people. Another 17 people were hurt -- many wounded by bullets from automatic-style rifles, some injured in the panic to escape.

The Insanity Cannot be Blamed Entirely on the Ridiculous Proliferation of Firearms.

Dec 02, 2015- Stabbing at Emily Carr University leads to cancelled classes. One student allegedly assaulted another at the Granville Island campus on Wednesday night. A fight between two Emily Carr University students on Wednesday evening ended with one of them allegedly getting stabbed, says the school. The incident has prompted the university to cancel classes on Thursday, "In order to deal with this situation in a systematic way," it said in a written statement. Emily Carr student, Ken Li saw the victim, a young man, covered in blood near the campus' north building on Granville Island shortly before 6 p.m. PT. ~~Al (Alex-Alexander) D. Girvan.

Rules for Radicals, and Those with an Obsessive/Compulsive Need to Play BIG BROTHER—for Self Righteous, Dictatorial, Power and Control.

2017-08-03T07:43:00.000-07:00

Hitler was the leader of the National Socialist Party. As we should all, well know; he was not a communist;he and his party were extreme RIGHT WING FASCIST. His fight against Communism or at least what we now most commonly refer to as Communism; may very well have been the factor which most determined his ultimate defeat and downfall. Hitler died seventy years ago-or at least it has never been proven otherwise.

The rules may well have come from his book Mein Kompf

Saul Alinsky only died about 43 years ago, but his writings influenced those in political control of our nation Canada today. I am Canadian not from the United States of the Americas the political region some of you so dearly love talking about and making reference to. For all of you that prefer to think that Canada is just a region of the United States of the Americas which still has—for some unknown reason—a different –perhaps more colourful and more distinguished more befitting a collection of provinces and territories that unlike the united States of the Americas actually did confederate into ONE country…recall that Hillary did her college thesis on his writings and Obama writes about him.

How to create a Socially Submissive Democratic, directed by a Political Party or Parties—Dictatorship

There are eight levels—rules of control-- that must be obtained before you are able to create a Democratic Dictatorship. The first rule is the most important.

1) HEALTHCARE – Control healthcare label it as a Benevolent Social service/Government “Benefit”” and you control the people—you know in the same manner as slaves.

2) POVERTY – Increase the Poverty level as high as possible, skim off the Insurance Against Unemployment and Social Security Premiums; which working Canadians ALL have LONG paid for ANN USE THEM ONLY TO BENEFIT Government politicians. Poor Lower and “Middle Class—preferably “welfare Dependent “people are easier to control and will not fight back if you claim you are GENEROUSLY providing-- enough for them to subsist—just don’t overdo it.

3) DEBT – While skimming off as much as possible, applying it toward Corporate and CEO expense accounts pensions, other perks and but only if absolutely necessary government salaries; increase federal, provincial, urban, and rural debt, to an unsustainable level. That way you are able to increase taxes, produce even more poverty and eventually a worthless dollar; thereby putting the country under the power of foreign imperialism and control.

4) GUN CONTROL– Give unstable, irrational, extremist, radicals the ability to efficiently kill each other. Ooops, I meant “Protect themselves—create a “No Man’s land/ Killing Zone. That way you are able to create a police state.

5) WELFARE – Spy on--Take control-- of every aspect of people’s lives (Food, Housing, and Income)

6) EDUCATION – Take control of what people read and listen to – take control of what children learn in school. ”Brainwash” the populous into believing that the Government’s/Dictator’s way is the only way.

7) RELIGION – Stress the belief in the Christian God, The Government as God (Roman Empire Style) but accept ONLY the two beliefs.

8) CLASS/CAST WARFARE – Divide the people into the extremely wealthy, the middle class, and the extremely poor. This will cause more discontent and it will be easier to take (Tax/toll) the lower class with the support of the extremely wealthy.

Does any of this sound like what is happening in Canada?

Does anyone out there really believe that this stuff isn't happening, today, right here, in Canada?

Well, All eight rules for radicals are currently in play –employed EVERY DAY, by the “Harper“ and OUR other levels of Government RIGHT HERE IN CANADA.

Alcohol/Substance Abusers Don’t Like Being Sick; BUT They did Choose to Conduct the WAR

2017-05-22T09:10:00.000-07:00

Addicted People CLAIM THEY DISLIKE BEING DEPENDENT; but; the Trouble is, THEY DON’T WANT TO WORK TO GET CLEAN AND SOBER, EITHER.

Of course; they ALL suffer from more than addiction; otherwise they would not have chosen to conduct war in the first place. They suffer from HURT.

They suffer from fear, magical thinking, delusion and instant gratification. They’re used to things happening fast. They take a pill and feel better right away. An addicted person wants the pay off, now. But recovery doesn’t work like that. Recovery is a process. Substance abusers don’t like being sick. Listening to their stories you will understand, they’re not having fun. They don’t abuse drugs to be cool, or impress anyone. They’re not using to upset their family members. By the time they realise they’re addicted, They’re Using to Maintain. The euphoric high abusers first felt when they picked up, is long gone. Now they use to feel normal. Or even just to get out of bed in the morning.

While Responsible, Voluntary MANAGEMENT of our Lives is; Must Always be the Ultimate Goal; Some Examples of WHY GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE is still A NECESSITY

2017-05-22T07:49:00.000-07:00

While Responsible, Voluntary MANAGEMENT of our Lives is; Must Always be the Ultimate Goal;

Some Examples of WHY GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE is still A NECESSITY-

Unfortunately; There are Still THOSE Human Beans; Who Just Don’t GET IT; or are TOO IGNORANT TO CARE.

Don’t Feed the Animals is no Joke.

That’s the lesson being shared by experts about Saturday’s scary encounter between an aggressive sea lion and young girl in Steveston.

As seen on video the sea lion, after being fed off a dock, surged out of the water and dragged the girl into the water. The girl was quickly rescued but it could have been much worse, said Danielle Hyson, a senior marine mammal trainer at the Vancouver Aquarium. Hyson said there has been an uptick in people feeding wildlife around the Vancouver area, from bears to birds. That behaviour leads to an increased number of dangerous close encounters. The more and more we feed wild animals, the more and more we’re putting ourselves at risk for those situations,” she said. It’s a reminder to just leave wild animals be, she said, adding there are “definitely” more of these encounters now than in years past.

In many cases on the coast, it’s simply sea lions recognising the chance to feed on scraps thrown overboard by fishermen. But the cases where people are feeding off docks or on shorelines are very concerning and what played out in Steveston Saturday demonstrated the dangers.

DUE TO VERY DANGEROUS WEATHER CONDITIONS; GROUSE GRIND TRAIL, IS POSTED AND CURRENTLY CLOSED.

North Vancouver FIREFIGHTERS (THE WORLD’S MOST DANGEROUS; MOST UNAPPRECIATED JOB) responded to a rescue on the Grouse Grind trail Saturday afternoon.

The District of North Vancouver Fire Department said they were ascending to the Grind’s half way point to rescue two female hikers at about 1:30 p.m.

The trail is currently closed for the season and is estimated to be under a significant amount of snow, coupled with heavy rain on Saturday.

“It is a fairly treacherous trail at the best of times and we’re also still in the middle of winter, and we’re encouraging, as we always do, anyone heading out onto the local trails to ensure that they’re properly attired,” District of North Vancouver assistant fire chief Brian Hutchinson told CKNW.

Both women were able to hike to the top of the trail for rescuers to locate them. They were not injured but cold from the wet conditions.

“Adhering to the trail closure probably would’ve prevented this incident from occurring… It could’ve turned out a lot better if they were properly attired they wouldn’t have felt the need to call 9-1-1,”

How many people have died in the name of Christ, Christianity and Catholicism? VICTIMS OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH WONDERFUL EVENTS THAT TESTIFY TO The CHRISTIAN GOD'S “DIVINE” HOARY GLORY.

2017-04-15T09:54:00.000-07:00

How many people have died in the name of Christ, Christianity and Catholicism?

VICTIMS OF THE CHRISTIAN FAITH

WONDERFUL EVENTS THAT TESTIFY TO The CHRISTIAN GOD'S “DIVINE” HOARY GLORY.

Ancient Pagans:

As soon as Christianity was legal (315), more and more pagan temples were destroyed by Christian mob. Pagan priests were killed.

Between 315 and 6th century thousands of pagan believers were slain.

Examples of destroyed Temples: the Sanctuary of Aesculap in Aegaea, the Temple of Aphrodite in Golgatha, Aphaka in Lebanon, the Heliopolis.

Christian priests such as Mark of Arethusa or Cyrill of Heliopolis were famous as "temple destroyer." [DA468]

Pagan services became punishable by death in 356. [DA468]

Christian Emperor Theodosius (408-450) even had children executed, because they had been playing with remains of pagan statues. [DA469]

According to Christian chroniclers he "followed meticulously all Christian teachings..."

In 6th century pagans were declared void of all rights.

In the early fourth century the philosopher Sopatros was executed on demand of Christian authorities. [DA466]

The world famous female philosopher Hypatia of Alexandria was torn to pieces with glass fragments by a hysterical Christian mob led by a Christian minister named Peter, in a church, in 415.

[DO19-25]

Emperor Karl (Charlemagne) in 782 had 4500 Saxons, unwilling to convert to Christianity, beheaded. [DO30]

Peasants of Steding (Germany) unwilling to pay suffocating church taxes: between 5,000 and 11,000 men, women and children slain 5/27/1234 near Altenesch/Germany. [WW223]

Battle of Belgrad 1456: 80,000 Turks slaughtered. [DO235]

15th century Poland: 1019 churches and 17987 villages plundered by Knights of the Order. Victims unknown. [DO30]

16th and 17th century Ireland. English troops "pacified and civilized" Ireland, where only Gaelic "wild Irish", "unreasonable beasts lived without any knowledge of God or good manners, in common of their goods, cattle, women, children and every other thing." One of the more successful soldiers, a certain Humphrey Gilbert, half-brother of Sir Walter Raleigh, ordered that "the heddes of all those (of what sort soever thei were) which were killed in the daie, should be cutte off from their bodies... and should bee laied on the ground by eche side of the waie", which effort to civilize the Irish indeed caused "greate terrour to the people when thei sawe the heddes of their dedde fathers, brothers, children, kinsfolke, and freinds on the grounde".

Tens of thousands of Gaelic Irish fell victim to the carnage. [SH99, 225]

Crusades (1095-1291)

First Crusade: 1095 on command of pope Urban II. [WW11-41]

Semlin/Hungary 6/24/96 thousands slain. Wieselburg/Hungary 6/12/96 thousands. [WW23]

9/9/96-9/26/96 Nikaia, Xerigordon (then turkish), thousands respectively. [WW25-27]

Until Jan 1098 a total of 40 capital cities and 200 castles conquered (number of slain unknown) [WW30]

after 6/3/98 Antiochia (then turkish) conquered, between 10,000 and 60,000 slain. 6/28/98 100,000 Turks (incl. women & children) killed. [WW32-35]

Here the Christians "did no other harm to the women found in [the enemy's] tents—save that they ran their lances through their bellies," according to Christian chronicler Fulcher of Chartres. [EC60]

Marra (Maraat an-numan) 12/11/98 thousands killed. Because of the subsequent famine "the already stinking corpses of the enemies were eaten by the Christians" said chronicler Albert Aquensis. [WW36]

Jerusalem conquered 7/15/1099 more than 60,000 victims (jewish, muslim, men, women, children). [WW37-40]

(In the words of one witness: "there [in front of Solomon's temple] was such a carnage that our people were wading ankle-deep in the blood of our foes", and after that "happily and crying for joy our people marched to our Saviour's tomb, to honour it and to pay off our debt of gratitude")

The Archbishop of Tyre, eye-witness, wrote: "It was impossible to look upon the vast numbers of the slain without horror; everywhere lay fragments of human bodies, and the very ground was covered with the blood of the slain. It was not alone the spectacle of headless bodies and mutilated limbs strewn in all directions that roused the horror of all who looked upon them. Still more dreadful was it to gaze upon the victors themselves, dripping with blood from head to foot, an ominous sight which brought terror to all who met them. It is reported that within the Temple enclosure alone about ten thousand infidels perished." [TG79]

Christian chronicler Eckehard of Aura noted that "even the following summer in all of palestine the air was polluted by the stench of decomposition". One million victims of the first crusade alone. [WW41]

Battle of Askalon, 8/12/1099. 200,000 heathens slaughtered "in the name of Our Lord Jesus Christ". [WW45]

Fourth crusade: 4/12/1204 Constantinople sacked, number of victims unknown, numerous thousands, many of them Christian. [WW141-148]

Rest of Crusades in less detail: until the fall of Akkon 1291 probably 20 million victims (in the Holy land and Arab/Turkish areas alone). [WW224]

Note: All figure according to contemporary (Christian) chroniclers.

Heretics

Already in 385 C.E. the first Christians, the Spanish Priscillianus and six followers, were beheaded for heresy in Trier/Germany [DO26]

Manichaean heresy: a crypto-Christian sect decent enough to practice birth control (and thus not as irresponsible as faithful Catholics) was exterminated in huge campaigns all over the Roman empire between 372 C.E. and 444 C.E. Numerous thousands of victims. [NC]

Albigensians: the first Crusade intended to slay other Christians. [DO29]

The Albigensians...viewed themselves as good Christians, but would not accept roman Catholic rule, and taxes, and prohibition of birth control. [NC]

Begin of violence: on command of pope Innocent III (greatest single pre-nazi mass murderer) in 1209. Bezirs (today France) 7/22/1209 destroyed, all the inhabitants were slaughtered. Victims (including Catholics refusing to turn over their heretic neighbours and friends) 20,000-70,000. [WW179-181]

Carcassonne 8/15/1209, thousands slain. Other cities followed. [WW181]

subsequent 20 years of war until nearly all Cathars (probably half the population of the Languedoc, today southern France) were exterminated. [WW183]

After the war ended (1229) the Inquisition was founded 1232 to search and destroy surviving/hiding heretics. Last Cathars burned at the stake 1324. [WW183]

Estimated one million victims (cathar heresy alone), [WW183]

Other heresies: Waldensians, Paulikians, Runcarians, Josephites, and many others. Most of these sects exterminated, (I believe some Waldensians live today, yet they had to endure 600 years of persecution) I estimate at least hundred thousand victims (including the Spanish inquisition but excluding victims in the New World).

Spanish Inquisitor Torquemada alone allegedly responsible for 10,220 burnings. [DO28]

John Huss, a critic of papal infallibility and indulgences, was burned at the stake in 1415. [LI475-522]

University professor B.Hubmaier burned at the stake 1538 in Vienna. [DO59]

Giordano Bruno, Dominican monk, after having been incarcerated for seven years, was burned at the stake for heresy on the Campo dei Fiori (Rome) on 2/17/1600.

Witches: from the beginning of Christianity to 1484 probably more than several thousand.

In the era of witch hunting (1484-1750) according to modern scholars several hundred thousand (about 80% female) burned at the stake or hanged. [WV]

incomplete list of documented cases:

The Burning of Witches - A Chronicle of the Burning Times

Religious Wars

15th century: Crusades against Hussites, thousands slain. [DO30]

1538 pope Paul III declared Crusade against apostate England and all English as slaves of Church (fortunately had not power to go into action). [DO31]

1568 Spanish Inquisition Tribunal ordered extermination of 3 million rebels in (then Spanish) Netherlands. Thousands were actually slain. [DO31]

1572 In France about 20,000 Huguenots were killed on command of pope Pius V. Until 17th century 200,000 flee. [DO31]

17th century: Catholics slay Gaspard de Coligny, a Protestant leader. After murdering him, the Catholic mob mutilated his body, "cutting off his head, his hands, and his genitals... and then dumped him into the river [...but] then, deciding that it was not worthy of being food for the fish, they hauled it out again [... and] dragged what was left ... to the gallows of Montfaulcon, 'to be meat and carrion for maggots and crows'." [SH191]

17th century: Catholics sack the city of Magdeburg/Germany: roughly 30,000 Protestants were slain. "In a single church fifty women were found beheaded," reported poet Friedrich Schiller, "and infants still sucking the breasts of their lifeless mothers." [SH191]

17th century 30 years' war (Catholic vs. Protestant): at least 40% of population decimated, mostly in Germany. [DO31-32]

Jews

Already in the 4th and 5th centuries synagogues were burned by Christians. Number of Jews slain unknown.

In the middle of the fourth century the first synagogue was destroyed on command of bishop Innocentius of Dertona in Northern Italy. The first synagogue known to have been burned down was near the river Euphrat, on command of the bishop of Kallinikon in the year 388. [DA450]

17. Council of Toledo 694: Jews were enslaved, their property confiscated, and their children forcibly baptized. [DA454]

The Bishop of Limoges (France) in 1010 had the cities' Jews, who would not convert to Christianity, expelled or killed. [DA453]

First Crusade: Thousands of Jews slaughtered 1096, maybe 12.000 total. Places: Worms 5/18/1096, Mainz 5/27/1096 (1100 persons), Cologne, Neuss, Altenahr, Wevelinghoven, Xanten, Moers, Dortmund, Kerpen, Trier, Metz, Regensburg, Prag and others (All locations Germany except Metz/France, Prag/Czech) [EJ]

Second Crusade: 1147. Several hundred Jews were slain in Ham, Sully, Carentan, and Rameru (all locations in France). [WW57]

Third Crusade: English Jewish communities sacked 1189/90. [DO40]

Fulda/Germany 1235: 34 Jewish men and women slain. [DO41]

1257, 1267: Jewish communities of London, Canterbury, Northampton, Lincoln, Cambridge, and others exterminated. [DO41]

1290 in Bohemian (Poland) allegedly 10,000 Jews killed. [DO41]

1337 Starting in Deggendorf/Germany a Jew-killing craze reaches 51 towns in Bavaria, Austria, Poland. [DO41]

1348 All Jews of Basel/Switzerland and Strasbourg/France (two thousand) burned. [DO41]

1349 In more than 350 towns in Germany all Jews murdered, mostly burned alive (in this one year more Jews were killed than Christians in 200 years of ancient Roman persecution of Christians). [DO42]

1389 In Prag 3,000 Jews were slaughtered. [DO42]

1391 Seville's Jews killed (Archbishop Martinez leading). 4,000 were slain, 25,000 sold as slaves. [DA454] Their identification was made easy by the brightly colored "badges of shame" that all jews above the age of ten had been forced to wear.

1492: In the year Columbus set sail to conquer a New World, more than 150,000 Jews were expelled from Spain, many died on their way: 6/30/1492. [MM470-476]

1648 Chmielnitzki massacres: In Poland about 200,000 Jews were slain. [DO43]

(I feel sick ...) this goes on and on, century after century, right into the kilns of Auschwitz.

Native Peoples:

Beginning with Columbus (a former slave trader and would-be Holy Crusader) the conquest of the New World began, as usual understood as a means to propagate Christianity.

Within hours of landfall on the first inhabited island he encountered in the Caribbean, Columbus seized and carried off six native people who, he said, "ought to be good servants ... [and] would easily be made Christians, because it seemed to me that they belonged to no religion." [SH200]

While Columbus described the Indians as "idolators" and "slaves, as many as [the Crown] shall order," his pal Michele de Cuneo, Italian nobleman, referred to the natives as "beasts" because "they eat when they are hungry," and made love "openly whenever they feel like it." [SH204-205]

On every island he set foot on, Columbus planted a cross, "making the declarations that are required" - the requerimiento - to claim the ownership for his Catholic patrons in Spain. And "nobody objected." If the Indians refused or delayed their acceptance (or understanding), the requerimiento continued:

I certify to you that, with the help of God, we shall powerfully enter in your country and shall make war against you ... and shall subject you to the yoke and obedience of the Church ... and shall do you all mischief that we can, as to vassals who do not obey and refuse to receive their lord and resist and contradict him." [SH66]

Likewise in the words of John Winthrop, first governor of Massachusetts Bay Colony: "justifieinge the undertakeres of the intended Plantation in New England ... to carry the Gospell into those parts of the world, ... and to raise a Bulworke against the kingdome of the Ante-Christ." [SH235]

In average two thirds of the native population were killed by colonist-imported smallpox before violence began. This was a great sign of "the marvelous goodness and providence of God" to the Christians of course, e.g. the Governor of the Massachusetts Bay Colony wrote in 1634, as "for the natives, they are near all dead of the smallpox, so as the Lord hath cleared our title to what we possess." [SH109,238]

On Hispaniola alone, on Columbus visits, the native population (Arawak), a rather harmless and happy people living on an island of abundant natural resources, a literal paradise, soon mourned 50,000 dead. [SH204]

The surviving Indians fell victim to rape, murder, enslavement and spanish raids.

As one of the culprits wrote: "So many Indians died that they could not be counted, all through the land the Indians lay dead everywhere. The stench was very great and pestiferous." [SH69]

The indian chief Hatuey fled with his people but was captured and burned alive. As "they were tying him to the stake a Franciscan friar urged him to take Jesus to his heart so that his soul might go to heaven, rather than descend into hell. Hatuey replied that if heaven was where the Christians went, he would rather go to hell." [SH70]

What happened to his people was described by an eyewitness:

"The Spaniards found pleasure in inventing all kinds of odd cruelties ... They built a long gibbet, long enough for the toes to touch the ground to prevent strangling, and hanged thirteen [natives] at a time in honor of Christ Our Saviour and the twelve Apostles... then, straw was wrapped around their torn bodies and they were burned alive." [SH72]

Or, on another occasion:

"The Spaniards cut off the arm of one, the leg or hip of another, and from some their heads at one stroke, like butchers cutting up beef and mutton for market. Six hundred, including the cacique, were thus slain like brute beasts...Vasco [de Balboa] ordered forty of them to be torn to pieces by dogs." [SH83]

The "island's population of about eight million people at the time of Columbus's arrival in 1492 already had declined by a third to a half before the year 1496 was out." Eventually all the island's natives were exterminated, so the Spaniards were "forced" to import slaves from other caribbean islands, who soon suffered the same fate. Thus "the Caribbean's millions of native people [were] thereby effectively liquidated in barely a quarter of a century". [SH72-73] "In less than the normal lifetime of a single human being, an entire culture of millions of people, thousands of years resident in their homeland, had been exterminated." [SH75]

"And then the Spanish turned their attention to the mainland of Mexico and Central America. The slaughter had barely begun. The exquisite city of Tenochtitln [Mexico city] was next." [SH75]

Cortez, Pizarro, De Soto and hundreds of other spanish conquistadors likewise sacked southern and mesoamerican civilizations in the name of Christ (De Soto also sacked Florida).

"When the 16th century ended, some 200,000 Spaniards had moved to the Americas. By that time probably more than 60,000,000 natives were dead." [SH95]

Of course no different were the founders of what today is the US of Amerikkka.

Although none of the settlers would have survived winter without native help, they soon set out to expel and exterminate the Indians. Warfare among (north American) Indians was rather harmless, in comparison to European standards, and was meant to avenge insults rather than conquer land. In the words of some of the pilgrim fathers: "Their Warres are farre less bloudy...", so that there usually was "no great slawter of nether side". Indeed, "they might fight seven yeares and not kill seven men." What is more, the Indians usually spared women and children. [SH111]

In the spring of 1612 some English colonists found life among the (generally friendly and generous) natives attractive enough to leave Jamestown - "being idell ... did runne away unto the Indyans," - to live among them (that probably solved a sex problem).

"Governor Thomas Dale had them hunted down and executed: 'Some he apointed (sic) to be hanged Some burned Some to be broken upon wheles, others to be staked and some shott to deathe'." [SH105] Of course these elegant measures were restricted for fellow englishmen: "This was the treatment for those who wished to act like Indians. For those who had no choice in the matter, because they were the native people of Virginia" methods were different: "when an Indian was accused by an Englishman of stealing a cup and failing to return it, the English response was to attack the natives in force, burning the entire community" down. [SH105]

On the territory that is now Massachusetts the founding fathers of the colonies were committing genocide, in what has become known as the "Peqout War". The killers were New England Puritan Christians, refugees from persecution in their own home country England.

When however, a dead colonist was found, apparently killed by Narragansett Indians, the Puritan colonists wanted revenge. Despite the Indian chief's pledge they attacked.

Somehow they seem to have lost the idea of what they were after, because when they were greeted by Pequot Indians (long-time foes of the Narragansetts) the troops nevertheless made war on the Pequots and burned their villages.

The puritan commander-in-charge John Mason after one massacre wrote: "And indeed such a dreadful Terror did the Almighty let fall upon their Spirits, that they would fly from us and run into the very Flames, where many of them perished ... God was above them, who laughed his Enemies and the Enemies of his People to Scorn, making them as a fiery Oven ... Thus did the Lord judge among the Heathen, filling the Place with dead Bodies": men, women, children. [SH113-114]

So "the Lord was pleased to smite our Enemies in the hinder Parts, and to give us their land for an inheritance". [SH111].

Because of his readers' assumed knowledge of Deuteronomy, there was no need for Mason to quote the words that immediately follow:

"Thou shalt save alive nothing that breatheth. But thou shalt utterly destroy them..." (Deut 20)

Mason's comrade Underhill recalled how "great and doleful was the bloody sight to the view of the young soldiers" yet reassured his readers that "sometimes the Scripture declareth women and children must perish with their parents". [SH114]

Other Indians were killed in successful plots of poisoning. The colonists even had dogs especially trained to kill Indians and to devour children from their mothers breasts, in the colonists' own words: "blood Hounds to draw after them, and Mastives to seaze them." (This was inspired by spanish methods of the time)

In this way they continued until the extermination of the Pequots was near. [SH107-119]

The surviving handful of Indians "were parceled out to live in servitude. John Endicott and his pastor wrote to the governor asking for 'a share' of the captives, specifically 'a young woman or girle and a boy if you thinke good'." [SH115]

Other tribes were to follow the same path.

Comment the Christian exterminators: "God's Will, which will at last give us cause to say: How Great is His Goodness! and How Great is his Beauty!"

"Thus doth the Lord Jesus make them to bow before him, and to lick the Dust!" [TA]

Like today, lying was OK to Christians then. "Peace treaties were signed with every intention to violate them: when the Indians 'grow secure uppon (sic) the treatie', advised the Council of State in Virginia, 'we shall have the better Advantage both to surprise them, & cutt downe theire Corne'." [SH106]

In 1624 sixty heavily armed Englishmen cut down 800 defenseless Indian men, women and children. [SH107]

In a single massacre in "King Philip's War" of 1675 and 1676 some "600 Indians were destroyed. A delighted Cotton Mather, revered pastor of the Second Church in Boston, later referred to the slaughter as a 'barbeque'." [SH115]

To summarize: Before the arrival of the English, the western Abenaki people in New Hampshire and Vermont had numbered 12,000. Less than half a century later about 250 remained alive - a destruction rate of 98%. The Pocumtuck people had numbered more than 18,000, fifty years later they were down to 920 - 95% destroyed. The Quiripi-Unquachog people had numbered about 30,000, fifty years later they were down to 1500 - 95% destroyed. The Massachusetts people had numbered at least 44,000, fifty years later barely 6000 were alive - 81% destroyed. [SH118] These are only a few examples of the multitude of tribes living before Christian colonists set their foot on the New World. All this was before the smallpox epidemics of 1677 and 1678 had occurred. And the carnage was not over then.

All the above was only the beginning of the European colonization, it was before the frontier age actually had begun.

A total of maybe more than 150 million Indians (of both Americas) were destroyed in the period of 1500 to 1900, as an average two thirds by smallpox and other epidemics, that leaves some 50 million killed directly by violence, bad treatment and slavery.

In many countries, such as Brazil, and Guatemala, this continues even today.

More Glorious events in the United States of North Central America History

Reverend Solomon Stoddard, one of New England's most esteemed religious leaders, in "1703 formally proposed to the Massachusetts Governor that the colonists be given the financial wherewithal to purchase and train large packs of dogs 'to hunt Indians as they do bears'." [SH241]

Massacre of Sand Creek, Colorado 11/29/1864. Colonel John Chivington, a former Methodist minister and still elder in the church ("I long to be wading in gore") had a Cheyenne village of about 600, mostly women and children, gunned down despite the chiefs' waving with a white flag: 400-500 killed.

From an eye-witness account: "There were some thirty or forty squaws collected in a hole for protection; they sent out a little girl about six years old with a white flag on a stick; she had not proceeded but a few steps when she was shot and killed. All the squaws in that hole were afterwards killed ..." [SH131]

More gory details.

By the 1860s, "in Hawai'i the Reverend Rufus Anderson surveyed the carnage that by then had reduced those islands' native population by 90 percent or more, and he declined to see it as tragedy; the expected total die-off of the Hawaiian population was only natural, this missionary said, somewhat equivalent to 'the amputation of diseased members of the body'." [SH244]

20th Century Church Atrocities

Catholic Extermination Camps

Surpisingly few know that Nazi extermination camps in World War II were by no means the only ones in Europe at the time. In the years 1942-1943 also in Croatia existed numerous extermination camps, Run By Catholic Ustasha Under Their Dictator Ante Paveli, A Practising Catholic And Regular Visitor To The Then Pope. There Were Even Concentration Camps Exclusively For Children!

In these camps - the most notorious was Jasenovac, headed by a Franciscan friar - orthodox-Christian serbians (and a substantial number of Jews) were murdered. Like the Nazis the Catholic Ustasha burned their victims in kilns, alive (the Nazis were decent enough to have their victims gassed first). But most of the victims were simply stabbed, slain or shot to death, the number of them being estimated between 300,000 and 600,000, in a rather tiny country. Many of the killers were Franciscan friars. The atrocities were appalling enough to induce bystanders of the Nazi "Sicherheitsdient der SS", watching, to complain about them to Hitler (who did not listen). The pope knew about these events and did nothing to prevent them. [MV]

Catholic terror in Vietnam

In 1954 Vietnamese freedom fighters - the Viet Minh - had finally defeated the French colonial government in North Vietnam, which by then had been supported by U.S. funds amounting to more than $2 billion. Although the victorious assured religious freedom to all (most non-Buddhist Vietnamese were Catholics), due to huge anti-Communist propaganda campaigns many Catholics fled to the South. With the help of Catholic lobbies in Washington and Cardinal Spellman, the Vatican's spokesman in U.S. politics, who later on would call the U.S. forces in Vietnam "Soldiers of Christ", a scheme was concocted to prevent democratic elections which could have brought the communist Viet Minh to power in the South as well, and the fanatic Catholic Ngo Dinh Diem was made president of South Vietnam. [MW16ff]

Diem saw to it that U.S. aid, food, technical and general assistance was given to Catholics alone, Buddhist individuals and villages were ignored or had to pay for the food aids which were given to Catholics for free. The only religious denomination to be supported was Roman Catholicism.

The Vietnamese McCarthyism turned even more vicious than its American counterpart. By 1956 Diem promulgated a presidential order which read:

"Individuals considered dangerous to the national defence and common security may be confined by executive order, to a concentration camp."

Supposedly to fight communism, thousands of Buddhist protesters and monks were imprisoned in "detention camps." Out of protest dozens of Buddhist teachers - male and female - and monks poured gasoline over themselves and burned themselves. (Note that Buddhists burned themselves: in comparison Christians tend to burn others). Meanwhile some of the prison camps, which in the meantime were filled with Protestant and even Catholic protesters as well, had turned into no-nonsense death camps. It is estimated that during this period of terror (1955-1960) at least 24,000 were wounded - mostly in street riots - 80,000 people were executed, 275,000 had been detained or tortured, and about 500,000 were sent to concentration or detention camps. [MW76-89].

To support this kind of government in the next decade thousands of American GI's lost their life....

Rwanda Massacres

In 1994 in the small african country of Rwanda in just a few months several hundred thousand civilians were butchered, apparently a conflict of the Hutu and Tutsi ethnic groups.

For quite some time I heard only rumours about Catholic clergy actively involved in the 1994 Rwanda massacres. Odd denials of involvement were printed in Catholic church journals, before even anybody had openly accused members of the church.

Then, 10/10/96, in the newscast of S2 Aktuell, Germany - a station not at all critical to Christianity - the following was stated:

"Anglican as well as Catholic priests and nuns are suspect of having actively participated in murders. Especially the conduct of a certain Catholic priest has been occupying the public mind in Rwanda's capital Kigali for months. He was minister of the church of the Holy Family and allegedly murdered Tutsis in the most brutal manner. He is reported to have accompanied marauding Hutu militia with a gun in his cowl. In fact there has been a bloody slaughter of Tutsis seeking shelter in his parish. Even two years after the massacres many Catholics refuse to set foot on the threshold of their church, because to them the participation of a certain part of the clergy in the slaughter is well established. There is almost no church in Rwanda that has not seen refugees - women, children, old - being brutally butchered facing the crucifix.

According to eyewitnesses clergymen gave away hiding Tutsis and turned them over to the machetes of the Hutu militia.

In connection with these events again and again two Benedictine nuns are mentioned, both of whom have fled into a Belgian monastery in the meantime to avoid prosecution. According to survivors one of them called the Hutu killers and led them to several thousand people who had sought shelter in her monastery. By force the doomed were driven out of the churchyard and were murdered in the presence of the nun right in front of the gate. The other one is also reported to have directly cooperated with the murderers of the Hutu militia. In her case again witnesses report that she watched the slaughtering of people in cold blood and without showing response. She is even accused of having procured some petrol used by the killers to set on fire and burn their victims alive..." [S2]

As can be seen from these events, to Christianity the Dark Ages never come to an end....

And the more psychopathic anti everything not as I believe/dictate White Supremacists need to quit floating around in a mythical universe; the product of their own IGNORANCE and paranoia. GET SOME IDEA OF WHAT THE FUCK THEY'RE SPOUTING OFF ABOUT.

Ground Breaking Research: Scientists Strap Fake Dinosaur Tail on Chickens to Discover How T-Rex Walked.

2017-04-15T08:52:00.000-07:00

Scientists strap fake dinosaur tail on chickens to discover how T-Rex walked In a rather bizarre looking piece of research, scientists hoped to find out more about how the T-rex walked by strapping an artificial tail to its closest living relative - the chicken; OR IS IT

Actually.the closest living relatives of Tyrannosaurus rex are birds, any of the birds, such as chickens, turkeys emus, Cassowary, Southern Casuarius casuarius-found: Australia and Pacific Islands and ostriches, according to research published today in Science (and promptly reported in the New York Times). Paleontologists used material discovered in a chance find in 2003 to pin down the link.

The dinosaur-ness of birds has been suspected for many years based on anatomical similarities, but the new research is the first molecular evidence. For decades, dinosaurs were thought to be reptiles: big ones, to be sure, but basically cold-blooded, slow-moving, and dim-witted.

Dumb- De- Dumb-Dumb- Dumber-Typical Make “America” Fake; Again. How Not to Win a War …EVER.

2017-04-14T11:31:00.000-07:00

$16million, 8,100kg of explosives and a blast radius a mile-wide: Here's all you need to know about the 'Mother of all Bombs'

US forces used the bomb in combat for the first time in Afghanistan today
Nicknamed the 'Mother of all Bombs' it is world's largest non-nuclear weapon
It was first developed as a psychological weapon to scare enemy troops
It took $314 million (£251 million) to develop and was first tested in 2003

It was first created as a psychological weapon, designed to scare the enemy into surrendering.

But today, the GBU-43/B - dubbed the 'Mother of all bombs' - has been dropped on an Islamic State complex in Afghanistan.

A crater left by the blast is believed to be more than 300 meters wide after it exploded six feet above the ground. Anyone at the blast site was vaporized.

TOTAL DAMAGE DONE TO TARGET: $6,000,000.00, approximately.

The United States of North Central America’s war in Afghanistan is now in its 16th year, the longest foreign war in our history. The phrase “no end in sight” barely covers the situation. Prospects of victory—if victory is defined as eliminating that country as a haven for Islamist terrorists while creating a representative government in Kabul—are arguably more tenuous today than at any point since the US military invaded in 2001 and routed the Taliban. Such “progress” has, over the years, invariably proven “fragile” and “reversible,” to use the weasel words of General David Petraeus who oversaw the Afghan “surge” of 2010–11 under President Obama. To cite just one recent data point: The Taliban now controls 15 percent more territory than it did in 2015.

36 ISIS MILITANTS KILLED IN UNITED STATES OF NORTH CENTRAL AMERICA’S 'MOTHER OF ALL BOMBS' ATTACK, AFGHAN MINISTRY SAYS.

GBU-43/B device targeted Isis ‘tunnel complex’??? AND ITIS THE LARGEST non-nuclear bumer The Ujnited States of North Central America has used in combat.

Up to 36 suspected Islamic State militants were killed in Afghanistan when the United States of North Central America dropped the largest non-nuclear bomb ever used in combat, the Afghan defence ministry said on Friday.

To target what the military described as a “tunnel complex” used by the Isis’s Afghanistan affiliate, the United States of North Central America; for the first time used what the military colloquially calls the “mother of all bombs”, the GBU-43/B.

DAWLAT WAZIRI, AN AFGHAN MINISTRY SPOKESMAN??? said of Thursday’s strike: “No civilian has been hurt and only the base, which Daesh used to launch attacks in other parts of the province, was destroyed.”

Designed for destroying underground targets but not itself a deep-earth penetrator weapon, the GBU-43/B has the explosive yield of more than 11 tons of TNT. The massive bomb is dropped from air force planes and detonates before reaching the ground, resulting in an enormous blast radius. Only the Massive Ordnance Penetrator GBU-57, which has never been used in war, is a larger conventional weapon.

The psychological effect on survivors or observers is considered an added impact of the weapon. Asked whether he had authorised the bombing, Donald Trump said: “Everybody knows exactly what happened. What I do is I authorise my military.

The US bomb was dropped as Washington comes under increased scrutiny over its military actions in the Middle East, including three united States of North Central America-led airstrikes in the past month that are reported to have killed civilians or allies. On Tuesday, the united States of North Central America-led coalition in Syria killed 18 of its own allies from the Syrian Democratic Forces, in what it described as a misdirected airstrike. THE UNITED STATES OF NORTH CENTRAL AMERICA IS ALSO INVESTIGATING TWO OF ITS OWN STRIKES IN IRAQ AND SYRIA, WHICH IRAQI OFFICIALS AND ACTIVISTS IN SYRIA SAY KILLED DOZENS OF CIVILIANS.

But, United States of North Central America’s President Donald Trump said Thursday that the Afghanistan bombing was "another successful job."

The Afghanistan bombing -- along with the first United States of North Central America’s military strikes against the Syrian regime last week -- mark a dramatic change in attitude for Trump, who advocated an isolationist, America-first foreign policy during his election campaign.

The U.S. military dropped the most powerful non-nuclear bomb in its arsenal Thursday on a cave and tunnel complex that it said was used by Islamic State fighters in eastern Afghanistan, a stark reminder of a U.S. war now in its 16th grinding year.

The behemoth bomb, officially called the Massive Ordnance Air Blast, or MOAB, is also known as the "mother of all bombs." It is 30 feet long, weighs nearly 11 tons and produces a devastating above-ground explosion that sends a mushroom cloud roiling high in the sky.

Originally developed for the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the MOAB has never been used in combat before.

Like the U.S. retaliatory missile strike in Syria last Friday, however, use of the monster munition in Afghanistan is more symbolic than tactical since it is unlikely to change the course of America’s longest war.

President Trump praised the attack as a "very, very successful mission." He indicated that he had given the Pentagon a free hand to use the weapon as part of his vow to step up the war on Islamic State.

"We have given them total authorization and that’s what they’re doing and frankly that’s why they’ve been so successful lately,” he told reporters at the White House. “If you look at what’s happened over the last eight weeks and compare that really to what’s happened over the past eight years, you’ll see there’s a tremendous difference, tremendous difference.”

ALSO: The United States of North Central America’s military says misdirected airstrike in northern Syria killed 18 allied fighters

While the Pentagon’s formal rules of engagement have not changed, military commanders appear to have taken greater liberties in recent weeks — and made more mistakes.

A series of misdirected United States of North Central America. attacks in Iraq, Syria and Yemen have led to a Noticeable Increase in reported civilian casualties. Earlier Thursday, the United States of North Central America’s military announced an air strike this week had accidentally killed 18 rebel fighters battling Islamic State in northern Syria in the worst friendly-fire incident of that conflict.

The military said the giant MOAB was dropped from the rear door of an MC-130 cargo plane at 7:32 p.m. Thursday as part of a U.S.-backed offensive on an Islamic State stronghold in Achin district in Nangarhar province.

The bomb initially falls with a parachute to slow its descent and give the aircraft time to get away safely. Then a GPS system guides the bomb to its target.

The munition detonates before it hits the ground, igniting a flammable fuel mist that supposedly obliterates everything in a 1,000 yard radius, sends a lethal shock wave more than a mile and a half away, and creates a mushroom cloud nearly five miles high.

“The strike was designed to minimize the risk to Afghan and United States of North Central Americas forces conducting clearing operations in the area while maximizing the destruction" to the militants, the statement said.

Gen. John W. Nicholson, commander of United States of North Central America’s forces in Afghanistan, said the militants used bunkers and tunnels to “thicken their defence.”

“This is the right munition to reduce these obstacles and maintain the momentum of our offensive," Nicholson said.

White House spokesman Sean Spicer said the massive bomb targeted tunnels and caves that militants “used to move around freely, making it easier for them to target United States of North Central America’s military advisers and Afghan forces in the area.”

He said United States of North Central America’s commanders “took all precautions necessary to prevent civilian casualties and collateral damage as a result of the operation."

Speaking by phone from Achin district, Sher Nabi, a commander with the Afghan Local Police, said the bomb landed about a half mile outside the town of Shogal, near the border with Pakistan.He once said the invasion of Afghanistan was a mistake,

We have the greatest military in the world and THEY’VE DONE A JOB AS USUAL; stated the Trump.

Wake up, Canadian "Recreational"???Drug Users

2017-04-13T23:56:00.001-07:00

Jack Ass

Weed, Cannabis, Around the World: What Legal Marijuana Looks Like in Other Countries.

Canada is “on track” HAH HA, to become the second country in the world to legalize the consumption and sale of recreational marijuana, after Uruguay made the big leap in 2014.

On Thursday,April 13 2017, the Liberal Government of Canada??? introduced its Cannabis Act, which allows people aged 18 and over to purchase; and consume marijuana.

Much like alcohol, many of the nuts some bolts of legislation will be left, right, to the provinces, those greedy dumb asses,who will be able to raise the minimum age if they so wish, and will be “required” to implement a retail system.

The Just-In and Out, pad my pocket, Trudeau government also plans to punish people… for driving under the influence of marijuana, selling it to minors and importing or exporting it; without a government Capitalist Fascist permit.

Here’s a look at some other countries that have legalised, decriminalised; or simply chosen to tolerate; recreational marijuana. In 2014, Uruguay became the first country to comprehensively legalise the production, sale and consumption of recreational marijuana, Reuters reported.

This American, South, country allows adults to buy up to 40 grams of cannabis/marijuana every month from approved pharmacies. Cannabis users must first register with authorities and have their purchases tracked.

Registered, pot users can even set up smoking clubs of anywhere from 15 to 45 people to grow marijuana with other enthusiasts. These cannabis cooperatives can plant up to 99 plants in the same space.

While Canada’s government is said to be eyeing the millions, and possible billions, in tax revenue to be obtained through marijuana, Uruguay exempts cannabis from taxes otherwise imposed on agricultural products, only mandating a value-added tax for sale. In Uruguay, Commercial growers are charged a fee, but this measure intends “to keep the price competitive with the black market, not to maximize state income,”

The Netherlands:

You could be forgiven for thinking that marijuana is legal in Amsterdam, one of the world’s most well-known tourism destinations for pot smokers.

But it’s not.

Rather, it’s tolerated. The possession and sale of small amounts of pot — up to 5 grams — has been decriminalised in the country for just over 40 years, according to the research publication Crime and Justice. However, cultivation of the plants is illegal. This means the country’s famous coffee shops can legally sell marijuana to customers, but Owners Have to Source Their Product from Criminal Elements.

It’s a legal grey zone that some Dutch lawmakers are trying to clear up. In February, the country’s lower house of parliament narrowly voted in favour of establishing a system of legalized, state-approved commercial growers, the BBC reported.

However, the results of the country’s recent election mean the lower house of parliament no longer has a pro-cannabis majority.

For that reason, it may be some time yet before proprietors of Amsterdam’s coffee shops can source their marijuana legally, rather than awkwardly procure weed from illegal growers while authorities look the other way.

Spain

The sale of marijuana is technically illegal in Spain, but the country is home to hundreds of cannabis clubs, according to a blog post by Nadja Vietz of the international law firm Harris Bricken.

Legally speaking, cannabis clubs operate as collectives where people can consume marijuana on the club’s property, and only a certain amount. Members technically pay to own a part of the club, rather than to buy marijuana, allowing them to evade punishment for selling marijuana.~~~Al (Alex-Alexander) D Girvan.

Edmonton's Giant Baseball bat;Which was Erected and Stands in the Wrong Location to begin with,is no Longer the Largest in Canada

2017-04-10T07:00:00.000-07:00

A business in Saskatoon, Sask. has built a BAT that now TRUMPS the one located in Edmonton.

Saskatchewan now holds the record for largest BAT.

Edmonton’s giant baseball bat, standing 14.9 metres tall on the corner of 97th Street and 118th Avenue, is no longer the largest bat in Canada.

The new bat, which will be unveiled outside the Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame in Battleford, weighs one tonne and is 15.2 metres long.

However this is not a bad thing for Edmonton. The corner of 97^th street and Alberta (theAvenue-118^th Avenue);one and a half block from the house in which I was raised and which I passed every day on the way to and from school, never was known for baseball. Hockey; yes Leonard Lundy (player in the national hockey league) was born and raised in a house on the corner of Alberta Avenue and 95A Street. His mother also owned two apartment houses in the area; one on 95A Street, next to the family home, and one on the south side of the Avenue, half way between 95^th and 95A Streets. The Davies family, same that invented and manufactured the mini-race cars, opened , made a sucess of, the origin Speed Way Park; lived 1/2 block north on the east side of 97th Street. Many players from the old Edmonton "Flyers" hockey teams lived in the Alberta Avenue, Hag (HA Grey School), Fairview, Spruce Avenue School conjoined communities.

Mark Messier is of course, from St. Albert; one of Alberta's most beautiful communities and is known as The Botanical Arts City.

“It’s a big fun project,” Markusa said. “We really enjoy doing it. A lot of our customers and people that come in are like, ‘what are you doing? Building a bat? That’s weird, but that’s cool.”

Corner 97^th Street, Alberta Avenue= Mile 0 (zero) Gate Way to the True North/Roy Borealis Land.

[Mercy Flight of 1929, Wop” May a pilot (who was visiting family in Calgary) Home DECEMBER 28, 2015 ADMIN: Bert Logan, a Hudson’s Bay employee, and his wife were well respected in the communities of Little Red River and Fort Vermilion. They had been transferred from Fort Simpson, North West Territories to Little Red River, Alberta with the Hudson’s Bay Company. After returning from a holiday in Quebec, Mr. Logan was unpacking a trunk of clothing to distribute to the settlement when he became very ill. Mrs. Logan was a nursing sister of the Gray Nuns, and recognized the illness as diphtheria.

She asked William Grey and his son Bobby to go up river to Fort Vermilion for Dr. Harold Hamman. The father and son immediately set off on the river highway, but first had to test the ice, as it was the first trip they had made on the river that winter. The doctor travelled by dog team back to Little Red River with Mr. Grey, and upon seeing Bert Logan, confirmed that he had diphtheria. Little could be done for Mr. Logan, as he had now been sick for seven days, and was experiencing extreme difficulty breathing; however, Dr. Hamman knew the urgency of getting serum for inoculating the other people at the post. Dr. Hamman requested that William and Bobby Gray return to Fort Vermilion to request that Gus Clark have a message taken to the telegraph office in Peace River where a message could be sent to the Edmonton Department of’ Health. Gus selected Joe (Dollar) LaFleur and Joe’s son-in-law William Lambert to make the trip, as they were very experienced river men.

LaFleur and Lambert left Fort Vermilion on December 18 for Peace River with Lambert’s dog team and sleigh. They also loaded Joe’s dog team and toboggan with staple provisions such as Bannock, potatoes, Bacon, tea, sugar, coffee, and Beef. They brought wild duck feather robes and a few bear hides to put under themselves on the ground at night. To keep warm, a long fur parka topped their heavy clothes. Up-river from Fort Vermilion, the river was glare ice, and to the dismay of the two men, Joe LaFleur fell through the ice. They had to return to Fort Vermilion, and weren’t able to leave for Peace River until three days later. The trip was very cold and slow as temperatures dipped to -50 degrees Celcius. It took the two men four days to get to the settlement of Carcajou on the river, and another four days to travel by land to Peace River. The trip was about 280 miles, and they arrived in Peace River on New Years Day. The two men delivered their message, and were immediately placed in the hospital in Peace River to recover from the flu.

Meanwhile, the Greys rested for a few days at Fort Vermilion, and gathered some supplies and mail for the their trip back home to Little Red River on December 24, 1928. They spent the first night at Clement Paul’s sawmill, and to their horror the next morning a Chinook had blown up, melting all the snow on the river, turning it into a gigantic sheet of ice. Their horses were not shod and could not manage at all. William Grey went back to Fort Vermilion to get some horse-shoes, and on the evening of Christmas Dey the horses were shod at Clements. Early in the morning of the 26th, William and Bobby Grey once again headed for home. On the trail, they met Francis Bourassa and his team struggling on the ice; his horses were not shod either. With Mr. Bourassa were Dr. Hamman, Mrs. Logan, and her now deceased husband Bert Logan who had passed away on December 22, 1928.

A Farewell of Hope.

Bourassa had tied gunny sacks to the feet of his horses, but it was still a poor substitute to shoes for the horses. They were having extreme difficulty standing on the glare ice. Dr. Hamman, Mrs. Logan and the body were transferred to the Gray’s sleigh, and they headed back to Fort Vermilion with the load. Someone traveling by dog team ahead of the Grays alerted Fort Vermilion of the arrival of the party, and approximately ten miles from Fort Vermilion they were met by the R.C.M.P. and told not to enter the village with the body. Bobby Gray stated, “This was the only time I ever saw Dr. Hamman lose his cool.” They then proceeded to the Anglican Cemetery, just east of the settlement, where they left the body.

Mayor Bury, Dr. Bow, Vic Horner, and Wop May transfer the antitoxin serum to the airplane.

When Dr. Malcolm Bow, Deputy Minister of Health, received the telegraph he immediately contacted “Wop” May a pilot (who was visiting family in Calgary). Dr. Bow said, “Wop replied. We’ll go tomorrow”. Wop called Vic Homer in Edmonton and asked him to get their aircraft ready. The aeroplane was an Avro “Avian” biplane, on wheels – hardly appropriate for flying into Northern Alberta in mid-winter.

On the morning of January 2, 1929 they were ready to go. It was -20°F (-28°C) with a wind, low ceiling and ice fog. The aircraft was moved into position, the pilots dressed in heavy coats, pants and felt boots, received the serum from Dr. Bow and Mayor Bury, boarded the plane and at 12:45 pm headed north.

Edmonton Airport, they followed the Edmonton, Dunvegan & British Columbia Railway tracks North to Smith, then along the South shore of Lesser Slave Lake to the village of McLennan – flying at less than 500 feet, due to the snow and headwinds. Along the way they had to stop somewhere as the package of serum in the baggage compartment (wrapped with a charcoal heater in a blanket) caught fire – they had to land the aircraft, throw away the blanket & charcoal heater and put the serum in their pockets, armpits and groin area to keep it warm. At 3:55 pm they landed on Kimiwan Lake at McLennan for the night as it was getting dark. The flight time was just over 3 hours – a distance of 267 miles. They stayed the night.

At Peace River

At 9:40 am on the morning of January 3, 1929 they departed McLennan and following the railway line arrived in Peace River just after 10:30 am – a distance of 50 miles. They landed on the ice of the Peace River and taxied to the area along the river where the paddlewheel steamers were docked. They refuelled the aircraft here.

At 11:45 am they left they flew under the railway bridge before heading north on the last leg of the flight to Fort Vermilion arriving about 3:00 pm – a flight of 250 miles. The weather cleared as they left Peace River. The citizens of Fort Vermilion had cleared a landing place on the Peace River and plane was met by the R.C.M.P. – about 30 minutes later Dr. Harold Hamman arrived from Little Red River and photos were taken. A dance happened to be scheduled for that evening, so as everyone entered the dance hall, they were required by the R.C.M.P. to receive an injection of the serum.]

Saskatoon Baseball Bat

Progressive Yard Works are building a 50-foot, 2,500-pound baseball bat for Sask. Baseball Hall of Fame. (Peter Mills/CBC)

The Saskatchewan Baseball Hall of Fame paid around $40,000 for the bat, while Edmonton’s cost $80,000.

The Big Bat(The statue has been a controversial one in Edmonton.) was put up along 118th Avenue in the late 1990s in an attempt to spruce up the street, which has long tried to overcome its reputation as an area plagued by crime, drugs and prostitution.

But in 2010, people who lived in the area wanted the improvements along the so-called Avenue of Champions removed, as it conflicted with their attempts to rebrand the area as a centre for artists.

Some Edmontonians some long time area residents such as myself, really truly, honest, feel very indifferent about the need for Edmonton to have ever swung a “Big Bat” OTHER THAN AT John Ducey Park (John Ducey Park was a 6,500 seat baseball stadium in the North Saskatchewan River Valley, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Originally built in 1935, it was torn down after sixty years of use in 1995); and Saskatchewan’s new one.~~Al(Alex-Alexander) D.Girvan.

GeneticallyModified Foods vs. Genetically Engineered Food, the Delicious Difference.

2017-04-09T08:00:00.000-07:00

Hey wait a minute, Just hold on.

GMO's — or genetically modified organisms — refer to the plants or animals created through the gene splicing techniques of biotechnology.

In general conversation, GMO's and GE foods are often used to refer to the same thing they are not.

There is actually a big difference between the two and as the battle against GE foods escalates, it's important to understand the difference. All those anti-GMO images we see would be better served by substituting "GE" for "GMO." here are definitions of both, courtesy of the home garden seed association.

It is modern Genetic Engineering that is the subject of much discussion. Genetic Engineering describes the high-tech methods used in recent decades to incorporate genes directly into an organism.

The only way scientists can transfer genes between organisms that are not sexually compatible is to use recombinant DNA techniques. The plants that result do not occur in nature; they are 'genetically engineered' by human intervention and manipulation.

Examples of GE crops currently grown by agribusiness include corn modified with a naturally occurring soil bacterium for protection from corn borer damage (Bt-corn), and herbicide-resistant ('Roundup Ready®') soybeans, corn, cotton, canola, and alfalfa. All of these are larger acreage, commercial crops. At the present time, home gardeners will not encounter any packets of GE seeds sold through home garden seed catalogues or garden centre seed racks.

GMO (Genetically Modified Organism): Defined As An Organism Produced Through Any Type Of Genetic Modification, Whether By High-Tech Modern Genetic Engineering, OR Long Time Traditional Plant Breeding Methods.

Why are There no Seeds in Bananas?

The reason the bananas we eat don’t have seeds is that they are all sterile. A long time ago the Cavendish bananas first came into being when a tetraploid banana (that is a plant that has four copies of every chromosome instead of the normal two) mated with a normal diploid banana. The result, a banana with three copies of every chromosome couldn’t mate or produce seeds. One of the steps in making reproductive cells (the analog of human sperm and egg cells) is the even dividing of a plant’s chromosomes into two reproductive cells.* Normal diploid cells can easily divide into two cells (one copy of each chromosome in each cell), tetraploid plants can divide the same way (two copies of each chromosome in each cell). Hexaploid, three copies in each and so on. Odd numbers of chromosomes don’t work. The plants can’t successfully make the cells it needs to reproduce, if it can’t reproduce it can’t make seeds, and that is why bananas (or seedless watermelons) don’t have seeds.

Again, while you often hear the GE and GMO used interchangeably, they have vastly different meanings. Since the beginning of human history, genes have been manipulated empirically by plant breeders who monitor their effects on specific characteristics or traits of the organism to improve productivity, quality, or performance. When plant breeders, working with conventional or organically produced varieties, select for traits like uniformity or disease resistance in an open-pollinated variety or create a hybrid cross between two cultivars, they are making the same kind of selections which can also occur in nature; in other words, they are genetically modifying organisms and this is where the term GMO actually applies. GMO has of course, through nature, also happened among humans.~~~Al Alex-Alexander) D Girvan.

Cheddar Cheese, in Canada.

2017-04-09T00:53:00.000-07:00

Although, Cheddar is originally a product of England, Canada produces some of the best cheddar in the world. The climate, soil, pasture, cattle stock, and milk quality separate out superior Canadian Cheddar from the regulars. Unlike other cheddars, Canadian cheddars have a smoother, creamier texture as well proffer the right balance of flavour and sharpness. Depending on their age, the flavour, texture and aroma of a cheddar cheese can vary.

What many people do not realise Cheddar is traditionally creamy white in colour;but due to the TASTELESS addition of food colouring, it often appears dyed in an orange hue.

The cheese can be made from raw, pasteurised or thermalised milk to retain more of the flavour-enhancing enzymes. Even if cow’s milk is the most commonly used source for making the cheese, it is not uncommon to find Canadian cheddar made from sheep or goat's milk. Cheddar ripens from inside out and is classified depending on its aging time. Quality Cheddar cheeses must never be refrigerated and should always be served at or above room temperature.

In Canada, cheddar is produced almost entirely by a number of large companies in Ontario including limited artisanal producers. Of these, the most prize winning cheddar maker in all Canada, is the Balderson Cheese Company. The cheese is aged for a minimum of three months and maximum up to six years for optimal supreme quality. Flavoured cheddar cheese spiced up with some popular flavours, made in Canada include cranberry, dill, flax, garlic, jalapeno, olive and sun-dried tomato. Some of the common types of Canadian Cheddars are Lancashire, Double Gloucester, Wensleydale, Leicester, Derby, Cheshire, Cantal, Caerphilly and Colby.

Mild and Medium Cheddars are ideal for snacking and with lighter foods like omelets, sandwiches and as garnish. Old Cheddar can be used for shredding, slicing and pairs well with white wines and pale ales/lager. Extra Old Cheddar compliments white wines, red wines & rose wines. It is best used for rich, creamy sauces, shredding, baking.

Cheddar is originally an English cheese. It has been made since the 11th century around the village of Cheddar, England. It was typically a farm-made product. The village of Cheddar is located in Somerset, south west England. Cheddar Gorge on the edge of the village contains a number of caves, which provided the ideal humidity and steady temperature for maturing the cheese. When people started coming over to this land that would become Canada, people also brought cheddar with them and cheddar-making. It was made here from very early on.

Most people claim, with confidence that can date the start of cheese making in Canada from the first introduction of cattle by Samuel de Champlain at Québec in either 1608 or 1610. However they forget or perhaps were never aware that the first verified existence of a British colony anywhere in the Americas was in the 1300s. The name of the colony just happened to sound very much like “America”.

As more settlers arrived, the number of cattle increased. The first Canadian breeds of cattle descended from cattle brought by settlers from Normandy and Brittany in 1660. The cheese making tradition in Canada is double-stranded, woven from our French; but mainly English heritage.

While it is true French settlers brought with them methods for making soft, ripened cheeses, United Empire Loyalists, fleeing the Revolution Staged by the United States of North Central America, introduced us to the distinctly British characteristics of Cheddar.

While cheese continued to be made in small hand-made batches and even exported by the 19th century, it was Harvey Farrington, who took the next logical step. Farrington had assembly line like technology to set up cheese making on a large scale, but first he needed milk - lots of it. Mobilizing his persuasive Yankee kapootal doodle ways, Farrington convinced farm women to bring him their milk instead of making their own cheese. Thus was the first Canadian cheese factory, "The Pioneer" opened in Norwich, Ontario, in 1864.

Farrington was simply the first in a coming wave of industrious cheese makers. By 1867, the year of Confederation, some 200 factories were established in Ontario alone. To this day, Loblaw’s, Canada’s largest supermarket chain continues to handle both British and “traditional” Ontario brands of Cheddar.~~~Al (Alex-Alexander D Girvan

Anthracite Alberta.

2017-04-08T18:24:00.004-07:00

Anthracite Alberta

My father Robert Alexander Girvan, and my Grandfather Ben Darby(dad was a coal miner for years; grandfather never was never a miner but he built the highways and bridges) had much to do with the coal mining; and much more of Alberta’s development and growth.

Anthracite, whose remains are by far the most elusive within the Banff National Park, embodies the narrative of the impact modern forces have on these living historical localities.

Millions of people each year driving on the TransCanada Highway unknowingly pass through the original Anthracite town site. This seemingly frivolous fact illustrates the change in attitudes toward the historical and industrial significance of Anthracite and other forlorn mining towns in Alberta. Unfortunately not much remains of the town anymore. Even though there are rumours of bridge and building foundations found within the area, I discourage you from trying to find these ruins. The heavy traffic on the highway throughout the year would be blocked by visitors stopping here and risking their own lives doing so. There are also real dangers entering fenced off forest, including rusted objects, wildlife, and other hazards associated with off-trail hiking. Let this article be your guide to Anthracite, and if you wish to know more, please contact Parks Canada before exploring the area.

The discovery of coal within the Cascade Coal Basin is the sole reason for the formation of Anthracite. George M. Dawson of the Geological Survey of Canada conducted a survey of the Rocky Mountains and published a comprehensive report in 1886 of the mineral resources available in what is now Banff National Park

Coal is used mainly for two purposes, for steel-making and power generation. Coal is classified according to the degree of transformation of the original plant material into carbon, moisture content and composition.

Coal is classified under the following categories:

Lignite: also referred to as brown coal, is the lowest rank of coal and used almost exclusively as fuel for electric power generation.

Sub-bituminous coal: whose properties range from those of lignite, to those of bituminous coal, is used primarily as fuel; for electric power generation. This coal generally has a lower sulphur content than other types of bituminous coal, which makes it attractive for use because it is cleaner burning.

Bituminous coal: is black and sometimes dark brown, often with well-defined bands of bright and dull material. It is used primarily as fuel in electricity power generation, with substantial quantities also used for heat and power applications in manufacturing and to make coke for steel making.

Anthracite coal: is a hard, glossy black coal that is used for home heating and steel making. Anthracite is a hard, compact variety of coal that has a submetallic lustre. It has the highest carbon content, the fewest impurities, and the highest calorific content of all types of coal; except for graphite and of course, diamonds-think around Hinton Alberta.

The Rusty-Patched Bumblebee First of Species Declared Endangered in Continental United States of North Central America, Could Very Well be Extinct in Canada.

2017-03-22T16:42:00.001-07:00

The Rusty-Patched Bumblebee first of species declared endangered in continental United States of North Central America, Could Very Well be Extinct in Canada.

Species has disappeared from about 90 per cent of its range in the past 20 years

The Associated Press Posted: Mar 22, 2017 8:54 AM ET

NOTE: The bee illustrated in The Free Thought Project’s Post is NOT a Rusty Patch Bumble bee.

Note also: Species Status: Endangered in Canada; Critically Endangered GLOBALLY (IUCN assessment)

Action Required: CONSERVATION BREEDING and Reintroduction

One of the most common species of bumble bee in southern Ontario as recently as the 1980s, this hard-working pollinator is now on the brink of extinction throughout its large range. Despite thorough surveys of historic sites across Ontario, THE RUSTY-PATCHED BUMBLE BEE HAS NOT BEEN OBSERVED IN CANADA SINCE 2009.

The Bumblebee Became the First Species on the Continental United States of North Central America To Be Declared Endangered.

The rusty-patched bumblebee became the first officially endangered bee species in the continental United States of North |Central America on Tuesday, overcoming objections from some business interests and a last-minute delay ordered by the Trump administration.

One of many bee types that have suffered steep population declines, in the United States of North Central America, the rusty-patched has disappeared—GUESS WHY-- from about 90 per cent of its range in the past 20 years. It previously was common across the East Coast and much of the Midwest, where it played a crucial role as a pollinator of crops and wild plants.

Scientists, in the United States of North Central America, say disease, pesticide exposure, habitat loss and climate change are among possible reasons for the decline of the bee, named for the rusty reddish patch on the backs of workers and males. Most of the grasslands and tall grass prairies where they once thrived have been converted to farms or urban areas.

B.C. Fentanyl Dealer Sentenced to 14 Years in Prison

2017-03-18T12:39:00.001-07:00

First major fentanyl-related sentencing in British Columbia since the opioid crisis nets significant time.

Yup, but, suppose I told you; there are still people that believe ALL drugs, including FENTANYL, and CARFENTANIL, a drug 100X more powerful than fentanyl(used to tranquillise elephants) should be legal and readily available—to ADDICTS, “Elite", you know, you know, “celebrity” types, and our CHILDREN.
Well, that is exactly what I am telling you.
Just in the last two weeks, I have read many posts, some by my friends; promoting/saying exactly that=“End the War On Drugs-legalise them ALL.”.

October 7, 2016: RCMP and public health officials say carfentanil, a deadly drug that is 100 times more powerful than fentanyl, has hit Alberta’s streets. Alberta’s chief medical officer of health and chief medical examiner said Friday that two recent deaths, in Edmonton and Calgary, have been linked to carfentanil, an illicit opioid. Officials said the drug is so strong; an amount equal to a single grain of sand can be lethal.

Are the Brits not Really British?

2017-03-17T10:37:00.000-07:00

DNA Reveals a Shocking Discovery About People in the United Kingdom.

[However, DNA cannot now; never could in the past; determine your “race”??? or even exact parentage.]

Are the Brits, Irish Scots not really Aboriginal or Indigenous?

How about the tribal peoples of the Americas?

Well, the Brits are a little more so than the so called Aboriginal, Indigenous First Nations/Peoples of today.

In the first (Genesis 1:1–2:3) Elohim, the Hebrew generic PLURAL word for God, creates the heavens and the earth in six days, starting with light on the first day and ending with mankind on the sixth, then rests on, blesses and sanctifies the seventh.

Many people who have written on Genesis 1 have attempted to make a very significant distinction between two Hebrew words found there: bara (בָּרָא, to create) and asah (עָשָׂה, to make or do). Theistic evolutionists and old-earth creationists both accept the millions of years advocated by the scientific establishment (although the old-earth creationists do not accept neo-Darwinian evolution while theistic evolutionists do). They sometimes try to defend the acceptance of millions of years by saying that Bara refers to supernatural creation ex nihilo (Latin for “out of nothing”) but that Asah means to make out of pre-existing material and therefore allows for creation over a long period of time. Such people say that the only supernatural creation events were in relation to the heavens and the earth (Gen. 1:1), sea creatures and birds (1:21) and Adam and Eve (1:27). Since asah is used for all other creative acts in Genesis 1, those acts could have been creative processes over the course of millions of years.

But this argument will not stand when we look carefully at the use of these words in Genesis 1 and in other biblical passages related to creation.

Remember (adam) is the generic term for man (Progenitor- Giver of Life) and for mankind; much more recently the proper name Adam. ...

Eve: 1.) Name of the first woman: wife of Adam and “Carrier of Life” of the human race. Gen. 3:20.

2.) A female given name: from a Hebrew word meaning “Carrier of life.”

Unless you believe in Multiple Divine Creations by many different “GODS, no aboriginal (primitive) peoples were original, genetically indigenous, first peoples in the areas of which they have become known.~~~Al (Alex-Alexander) D. Girvan

To Tip or not to Tip-Slip Money to the Waiter “to Insure Promptitude

2017-03-17T07:11:00.000-07:00

What was that; some of you were saying, about minimum wage, and or below minimum wage; in the 'service/hospitality industries???

SERVICE INDUSTRY 101: A BRIEF HISTORY OF TIPPING

Though tipping the waiter/waitress may feel, to you, like something that’s always been part of the dining experience in the United States of North Central America and even in Canada; the fact is, the act of tipping is a borrowed/stolen custom-- from Europe.

According to Michael Lynn, a professor at the Cornell University School of Hotel Administration, tipping in the United States of North Central America began just after their Civil War (late 1800’s). Lynn suggests that many wealthy Self Identifying “Americans” traveling abroad to Europe witnessed tipping and brought the “Aristocratic” custom back with them as just another way to “show off,” or prove their elevated education and class.

Tipping—which may have originated in the taverns of 17th Century England, where drinkers would slip money to the waiter “to insure promptitude”[In Europe, servers in taverns and dining halls often received no salary from the establishment/service provider; quite the opposite; they had to pay the management for the “privilege” of being allowed to serve in the establishment—NO LABOUR COST, which is usually at least 40% to the establishment-- or T.I.P for short—definitely, was not embraced by all Americans; North, Central or South, when the custom began to make its way into those nations. Most notably in Canada, a strong movement against tipping began in the late 1890’s as many Americans believed that tipping was the “vilest of imported vices” went against all sense of justice or morality; and allowed a clear servile class that would be financially dependent on a higher class.

A Servile Attitude, For a Fee???

According to an article that appeared in The New York Times in 1897, there was a movement brewing against tipping anywhere in the America. The anti-tipping group believed that tipping was the “vilest of imported vices” because it created an aristocratic class in a country that fought hard to eliminate a class-driven society. In 1915 six state legislators from Wisconsin, Illinois, Iowa, Nebraska, Tennessee and South Carolina attempted and failed to pass an anti-tipping bill that would make leaving gratuities unlawful.

In 1916, William Scott wrote a stinging diatribe against tipping in his book, “The Itching Palm,” in which he stood up against the policy of paying for a service twice (once for the employer and once for the employee). He decried tips to be “democracy’s mortal foe” and creates “a servile attitude for a fee.”

In the American democracy to be servile is incompatible with citizenship. Every tip given in the United States is a blow at our experiment in democracy. The custom announces to the world…that we do not believe practically that “all men are created equal.” Unless a waiter can be a gentleman, democracy is a failure. If any form of service is menial, democracy is a failure. Those Americans who dislike self-respect in servants are undesirable citizens; they belong in an aristocracy.

Scott continues, “If tipping is un-American, some day, some how, it will be uprooted like African slavery”.

While diners and servers alike haven’t stopped grumbling about the tip system, there hasn’t been a serious legislative effort to end the practice since. What do you think?

In Canada, it seems to be customary to tip approximately 15% of the total bill before tax although this is not required. However if you receive exceptional service, some people show their gratitude by tipping more. Restaurants may include a mandatory tip with your bill (usually 18%) once the size of your group reaches around 6 or more people. So make sure you ask about this practice if you are making a reservation for a large party. Those who earn tips on a general basis, such as restaurant servers, generally earn around the minimum wage. In fact liquor servers tend to earn even less than servers who only serve food.

What Happens to Your Tip?

There are no laws around tipping or how tips are divided up by a business’ staff members. It is my understanding that some restaurants pool all tips together, give a portion to the support staff such as the cooks, buser or dishwashers, and then divide the remainder amongst the wait staff. Other restaurants allow a server to keep all of the tips they earn and pay a portion of that amount to the support staff. If you’re curious about where your tip is going, ask your server about how the restaurant’s tipping system works.

Of course it’s ultimately up to you to decide what you want to leave as a tip. Here’s our question to you: Do you always leave a tip no matter how satisfied you are with the services you received?

CBC News Posted: Apr 02, 2012: A restaurant server has filed a complaint with B.C.'s Employment Standards Branch against a high profile Vancouver restaurant group because management required her to hand over her tips at the end of shifts.

"The last night I worked I made $320 in cash tips, and I walked out of the restaurant with not a penny in my pocket," says Charlotte Zesati.

"The manager wouldn't let me go until I put

[some cash from tips] in the envelope … faced this camera in the office and put it in the safe."

Zesati says that happened after she'd already cashed out and split some of her tips with the bartender and busser. She had given each of them cash equal to one per cent of her sales.

She says she was told the money she had to put in the safe would go to "the house."

"I asked [the manager] who was getting this ... I was pushed aside, told, this is how much you have to pay."

Zesati is a single mother who recently moved to Vancouver from California. She worked briefly at Black + Blue, a high-end steakhouse owned by the Glowbal Group, which runs seven prominent Vancouver restaurants, with the others being Glowbal Grill, Sanafir, Coast, Italian Kitchen, Trattoria and Society.

Records show a manager later gave her $124 back — for her $320 night — which is less than half of what customers tipped her.

Many Canadians in the hospitality or service industry, and those with control over the ubiquitous tip jar, will want to know how the law treats tips and gratuities. In particular, do tips added to the bill or extra cash left behind belong to the employer or to the employee? Is an employee required by law to report tips to the employer?

In theory, there are arguments on both sides of the “who’s tips?” question. On one hand, customers have a legal and contractual relationship with the business entity only, and employees are mere agents performing services and receiving payments for the employer. Under the control principle, the business hires, trains and accepts risks for the employee. Customers only have a legal obligation to pay the employer. Tips may be considered as rewards to the business. If employees please customers, why should the employer not reap the benefits, including gratuities, for successful business service?

On the other hand, we know that customers are often personal in their tipping. They prefer tips to go to the employee. Tips might be individual employee “gifts,” since they are given voluntarily by customers to the front line service staff. Since customers are not required to leave tips and they determine amounts, employers are distanced from this gratuity.

There is little legislation or common law to clarify ownership. Tips and gratuities “intended for an employee” in Prince Edward Island are the property of the employee. If they are taken by the employer, they must be returned within 60 days. Likewise, Quebec law states: “Any gratuity or tip paid directly or indirectly by a patron to an employee who provided the service belongs to the employee of right and must not be mingled with the wages that are otherwise due to the employee.”

Specific Intention Expressed by Tipper

Ideally, one would obtain the intention of each tipper at the time they tip, but that is not feasible. The intention of the tipper, if manifested, will always be paramount. Often tips are left at the point of sale without further communication. No intention is expressed and the tip seems offered to the business like any other feedback. If the tipper says to the employee something like “here, take this and buy yourself something nice,” it is a personal gift, even though it was given and received in the context of employment. Words to the effect that, “you’ve given us great service, so please keep the change” suggest that the tipper was giving the money directly to the tippee, and not to the employer.

Legislation Does Not Count Tips as Wages

Provincial legislation across Canada is clear that customers’ tips cannot count as part of employees’ wages. Employers must ensure that they pay at least minimum wage to employees. The Alberta Employment Standards Code is typical (or “tip-ical”?). It defines wages as “salary, pay … commission or remuneration for work, however calculated, but does not include … tips or other gratuities.” This falls short of deciding the ownership issue, although it recognizes employee receipt of tips.

Application of Specific Employer Policy

Collective Agreements, employment manuals and contracts may contain gratuities policies binding on employees. These provisions may stipulate that tips are pooled and distributed according to a formula, on the basis that more than one staffer makes the service complete. The tip issue may be addressed in the employment contract, oral or written. In Wiskerke v.Theroux (2001 ABPC 213) a taxi driver was awarded tips as part of his compensation. His employment contract allowed him to collect tips as compensation.

Canada Revenue Agency (CRA) Treatment

At an administrative level the federal income tax department has a policy on workplace tips: those earned and collected by employees must be reported as income. However, whether tip income form part of an employee’s pensionable (CPP) and insurable (EI) earnings depends on whether they are considered to have been paid by the employer (controlled tips) or whether they are considered to have been paid by the client (direct tips).

According to a CRA Interpretation Bulletin (CPP-1), controlled tips are considered to have been paid by the employer to the employee. Examples of controlled tips include a mandatory service charge or a percentage to a client’s bill, distribution through the employer’s tip sharing formula, and tips that an employer collects and later pays out to employees as wages. Controlled tips are part of the employee’s total remuneration upon which C.P.P. contributions and E.I. premiums are deducted at source. If the employer handles the tips before redistributing them, they are taxed as employer wages: Lake City Casinos Ltd. v. Canada (2007 FCA 100).

Direct tips are paid directly by the client to the employee without employer control. They include money left on the table at the end of the meal, a direct payment to a bellhop or porter, and tips pooled and shared among employees themselves. These direct tips do not attract C.P.P. or E.I. contributions.

Provincial legislation prohibits employers from making payroll deductions unless they are legally authorized or agreed to. Therefore, an employer must follow the CRA rules with respect to pensionable and insurable earnings and may not be able to deduct the amount of tips from wages unless consented to by the employee. It cannot bring employees below minimum wage in any event.

It is important to remember this CRA Interpretation Bulletin is only an administrative statement of policy, not a legally-binding document. While the “controlled” versus “direct” categories are interesting distinctions, this Bulletin only deals with a very minor issue: only whether there must be pensionable and insurable source-deductions on those tips. It does not deal with the broader question of who is entitled to the tips in the absence of an agreement or policy.

Reasonable Expectations and Trade Custom

The hospitality and food service industries have the most minimum wage earners at 26.5%. These employers pay minimum wage because they expect tips (In truth, although not government, they expect to be allowed to impose an “invisible tax) to supplement this. In Riverspot Restaurants Ltd. v. National Automobile [2003 CanLII 62568 (BC L.R.B.)], it was agreed that while tips are not technically “wages,” in the hospitality industry tips are regarded as employees’ regular earnings, not as “gifts” or “additions.”

Likewise, in a Manitoba case, Nychka v. Red Lobster (2008 MBQB 47), tips were viewed as regular income. When Dawn Nychka was dismissed, she claimed that she expected tips as part of her compensation, and the opportunity to earn tips was lost. Tips were so “expected,” that both sides could accurately estimate tips based on gross sales each night. The Court awarded Nychka tips which she could have earned during her employment.

Conclusion

There is no obvious answer to the question of who – employer or employee – can legally collect tips given by customers. Provincial legislation only says employers cannot count tips as part of their obligation to pay minimum wage. The Income Tax Act includes tips under the definition of “income” so they must be declared on one’s income tax return. They are taxed like wages. The Canada Revenue Agency further distinguishes controlled tips from direct tips in determining whether one pays CPP and EI contributions at source.

This uncertainty has not led to disputes about whether tips are employee income or employer profit. Workplaces have policies on how tips are to be handled and distributed. Most employees start with clear understanding about who gets the tips. Employers know that tips are an employee performance incentive; they take advantage of this by paying lower fixed wages. This gives rise to an implied understanding, recognized by courts as custom of the hospitality trade that tips contribute to total employment compensation.

It is wise to include this issue in the employment contract. The contract should specifically outline to whom tips and gratuities belong, and how they will be handled.

Source: Peter Bowal, Professor of Law, University of Calgary

Thomas D. Brierton, Associate Professor, University of the Pacific, Stockton, California

The Famous Solve This, If, You’re a Genius Problem.

2017-01-31T10:32:00.001-08:00

BODMAS is a helpful acronym meaning brackets, order, division, multiplication, addition and subtraction, ensuring that equation steps are completed in the right order. A mathematical question with multiple operations may give different answers depending on the order in which it is solved. BUT, math is an exact science, there can be only one (1), CORRECT ANSWER.

9=72 9x9-9=72

8=56 8x8-8=56

7=42 7x7-7=42

6=30 6x6-6=30

5=20 5x5-5=20

4=10 4x4-4=12

3=A 3x3-3=6

2=2 2x2-2=2

Correct Answer(A)=3

(BODMAS Rule)

John Adams Quotes, to Read, Remember and to THINK About:

2017-01-30T11:49:00.001-08:00

NOTE: No one; not even the original speaker writer=artist can OWN a "QUOTE". Copyright infringement CONSISTS OF using someone else's work without getting that person's permission. THE AUTHOR OF ANY ORIGINAL WORK, INCLUDING BOOKS, ESSAYS, WEB PAGES, SONGS, PICTURES, AND VIDEOS, AUTOMATICALLY GETS THE COPYRIGHT TO THAT WORK, EVEN IF SHE DOESN'T LABEL IT WITH THE COPYRIGHT SYMBOL AND HER NAME.

Plagiarism doesn't have to include copyright infringement. For example, William Shakespeare's plays are not copyrighted because they're too old. Even though it would technically be legal to copy from one of those plays it would still be plagiarism if you didn't give credit to Shakespeare—or if you were to claim OWNERSHIP yourself.
The work must be fixed in tangible form, which means it must be stored on something physical, such as paper, canvas, a CD, or a hard disk. This makes college students copyright owners, since they've already written many original works for school.
The owner of a copyright gets to decide who can legally make copies of that work. It is illegal to copy large sections of someone else's copyrighted work without permission, even if you give the original author credit.
More John Adams Quotes, to Read, Remember and to THINK About:
1. LETTER TO JOHN TAYLOR. CATEGORY: DEMOCRACY, DATE: APRIL 15, 1814: REMEMBER DEMOCRACY NEVER LASTS LONG. IT SOON WASTES, EXHAUSTS, AND MURDERS ITSELF. THERE NEVER WAS A DEMOCRACY YET THAT DID NOT COMMIT SUICIDE.
2. Category: Arms, Date, 1787:To suppose arms in the hands of citizens, to be used at individual discretion, except in private self-defence, or by partial orders of towns, counties or districts of a state, is to demolish every constitution, and lay the laws prostrate, so that liberty can be enjoyed by no man; it is a dissolution of the government. The fundamental law of the militia is that it be created, directed and commanded by the laws, and ever for the support of the laws.
3. Category, Education. Date: 1787: Children should be educated and instructed in the principles of freedom. It should be your care, therefore, and mine, to elevate the minds of our children and exalt their courage; to accelerate and animate their industry and activity; to excite in them a habitual contempt of meanness, abhorrence of injustice and inhumanity, and an ambition to excel in every capacity, faculty, and virtue. If we suffer their minds to grovel and creep in infancy, they will grovel all their lives.
4. The foundation of national morality must be laid in private families . . . . How is it possible that Children can have any just Sense of the sacred Obligations of Morality or Religion if, from their earliest Infancy, they learn that their Mothers live in habitual Infidelity to their fathers, and their fathers in as constant Infidelity to their Mothers?
5. Category: Family, Date: July 16, 1814: As long as Marriage exists, Knowledge, Property and Influence will accumulate in Families.
6. Letter to Abigail Adams Categories: Liberty / Freedom, Date: July 17, 1775: But a Constitution of Government once changed from Freedom, can never be restored. Liberty, once lost, is lost forever.
7. An Essay on Man's Lust for Power, Categories: Democracy, Date: August 29, 1763: [D]EMOCRACY WILL SOON DEGENERATE INTO AN ANARCHY, SUCH AN ANARCHY THAT EVERY MAN WILL DO WHAT IS RIGHT IN HIS OWN EYES AND NO MAN'S LIFE OR PROPERTY OR REPUTATION OR LIBERTY WILL BE SECURE, AND EVERY ONE OF THESE WILL SOON MOULD ITSELF INTO A SYSTEM OF SUBORDINATION OF ALL THE MORAL VIRTUES AND INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES, ALL THE POWERS OF WEALTH, BEAUTY, WIT AND SCIENCE, TO THE WANTON PLEASURES, THE CAPRICIOUS WILL, AND THE EXECRABLE CRUELTY OF ONE OR A VERY FEW.
8. Letter to the young men of the Philadelphia. Categories: History,Date: May 7, 1798: Without wishing to damp the and/or of curiosity or influence the freedom of inquiry, I will hazard a prediction that, after the most industrious and impartial researchers, the longest liver of you all will find no principles, institutions or systems of education more fit in general to be transmitted to your posterity than those you have received from your ancestors.
9. Category, Human Nature, Power; Date: May 23, 1769; Power in any Form . . . when directed only by human Wisdom and Benevolence is dangerous.
10. Letter to Mercy Warren, Category, Rights, Date: April 16, 1776: Men must be ready, they must pride themselves and be happy to sacrifice their private pleasures, passions and interests, nay, their private friendships and dearest connections, when they stand in competition with the rights of society.
11. To the Officers of the First Brigade of the Third Division of the Militia of Massachusetts; Category: Americans / American Character, Constitution, Religion and Morality, Virtue; Date: October 11, 1798:But should the people of America once become capable of that deep simulation towards one another, and towards foreign nations, which assumes the language of justice and moderation while it is practicing iniquity and extravagance and displays in the most captivating manner the charming pictures of candour, frankness, and sincerity, while it is rioting in rapine and insolence, this country will be the most miserable habitation in the world; because we have no government armed with power capable of contending with human passions unbridled by morality and religion. Avarice, ambition, revenge, or gallantry, would break the strongest cords of our Constitution as a whale goes through a net. Our Constitution was made only for a moral people. It is wholly inadequate to the government of any other.