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The Good Example : Vicente Rina Placia

2013-06-29T22:14:00.004-07:00

The Good Example

Vicente Rina Placia

Literal Comprehension:
Many years ago Don Lucas lived in village of the Mexican Republic. He had a school there where he performed his duties properly. He taught the students in the traditional method repeating the teacher's words by the students. He would feel free when the students left the school by 4 O'clock. Then he used to share so many things with his friend, Perico, a parrot and enjoy a lot with him. However, one day while he was teaching to his students, the parrot flew to the jungle leaving him there. To pursuit the parrot in crowd of the parrots in the jungle was impossible for him. Slowly and gradually, they forget about it several months later, Don Lucas had to make a trip to one of the neighboring village on his horse. On the way, he happened to hear a familiar sound. So, he stopped there listing the chanting made by a flock of parrot. Behind them he saw Perico who cheerfully said "Don lucas I have a school now."

Interpretation:
This story might be trying to tell us that "Doing by learning" is not limited only in human being. Even the birds and animals others then human can learn by doing. For example, Perico a parrot kept by Don Lucas taught a group of parrot as Don Lucas did to hi children. further the person who accomplishes his duty with greater responsibility avoiding the selfishness will be loved by all. For example Don Lucas works with greater determination. So, he was loved by all his villages.

Critical Thinking:
We people in the scientific age put forward a lot of question regarding this story. Is it possible for a bird to speak like a human being? Can a parrot teach so many thing to another parrot like a teacher to the students? For this reasons, I don’t totally agree with the idea for writer.

Assimilation:
After reading this interesting story, I realized that it is not only the human beings who can teach and guide properly to other human beings, but the other birds do have alos their private world where they have their own system rule and regulation. They can imitate the roles of the human beings.

Why Go to University : Moti Nissani

2013-06-29T22:13:00.003-07:00

Why Go to University

Moti Nissani

Literal Comprehension:
The university Education has many more advantages. Though, going to university might create additional stresses in the life, there are much more advantages than disadvantages. Firstly, university education provides income and job opportunities, which improves the social status. Secondly, educated people enjoy better health than other because they are much aware about different diseases. Thirdly, educated people are more conscious about physical exercise which is beneficial to physical, mental and emotional well being. Fourthly, educated people are valued more by culture. Fifthly, learned men and women are highly respected in the society. Sixthly, lack of education damages social standing and self confidence. Seventhly, university education expands the social horizons of every individual. They make new friends. They share new ideas. The education increases the personal freedom. Education makes less dogmatic about our own belief and more tolerant about the belief of others. University education frees human mind from any kinds of prejudices. Finally education helps to flourish democracy in a country. University education makes us capable to judge the policy makes their policies. This helps the democratic system work properly.

Interpretation:
The essay, why go to university is trying to say that education is very important part of life. Going to university reforms our character and morality. It helps for our all round development. It removes narrow mind. Pride and superstition and leads us towards progress and prosperity. Education helps to know the meaning of life.

Critical Thinking:
The essay teaches us the value of education. I agree with the writer in most of the cases, but there are some unclear ideas in the essay. In only formal and university education important? What about informal education? Do only educated people life longer? Do all the educated person get better job and income.

Assimilation:
Before reading this essay I used to think that university education provides only better job and opportunities to earn much. But I was wrong. It also teaches us how to live a healthy life. What are the difficulties that people have to face in the lack of education? In sum this essay gave me new way to join with its multiple values.

The Library Card:- Richard Wright

2013-06-29T22:13:00.000-07:00

The Library Card

-Richard Wright

U.S.A (1908-1960)

Literal Comprehension:

"The Library Card" is written by Richard Wright, a black writer in America. Once a negro boy was reading a newspaper "The American Mercury" on which he saw a white man called H.L. Mencken being abused by another white man. He got surprised since he used to think that only negroes were hated, but not white man. The article was furious denunciation in which Mencken was called a fool. Therefore , he became curious to know more about Mencken and was highly inspired to read his books. However, the blacks are not allowed to go to library. They were deprived of the library cards. Fortunately, he was able to use the library cards of a white man in his office and read two books by H.K. Mencken. As a result, he found himself in a different world. He understand the reason why Mencken was hated by his own people. He had talked about the equality between whites and blacks. The man he reads the more he understand the reality. In this way the boy always went to the library and read the book more critically. After reading many books, he understood his boss and he realized that he had been missing a very important thing in life. Upto that time. Reading became like a drug to him. So, he wanted to became a writer he had to know so many things and people well. That's why, he brought English grammars for learning English, but he found the English better from novels than grammar, after reading many novels realized the suffering of slaves, suppression and violent operation of cruel law by the white against the black. So, he didn't like to live the life of a slave living in the south because of his education. As he was in the minority, he couldn't fight against the white either. In this way, his education mad him different from others blacks. So, he couldn't forget the pathetic situation of black easily. Therefore at the end having felt incompleteness in himself to become a writer, he became very sad.

Interpretation:

The writer may be trying to tell us that education is supremely important ornament of life. The more ones reads the more knowledge one perceives about the vastness and mystery of the world. In this story a negro boy becomes curious to read more and more after reading a newspaper editorial in which Mencken is severely criticized. His thirst of learning increase. As a result, he starts reading a lot. Reading makes him conscious about the painful condition and suffering of the blacks and changes his attitude towards life and the world. In this way, his education makes him different from others. Consequently, he understand the discrimination, injustice and inequalities between the whites and blacks.

Critical Thinking:

After reading this story we learnt that the white people behave Negro quite savagely. But we know that the USA is a highly democratic nation. In such nation, how can we believe that blacks are treated so savagely? Isn't there compulsory education for all? How can a boy forge the letter if he is uneducated and if he is discriminated? Was the black's freedom realty seized? So, we aren't totally convinced with the ideas of the story.

Assimilation:

Before reading this story I used to think that English could be learnt by means of English grammars. But after reading it, I know that we can guess the meaning of a new word according to the context rather than using the dictionary frequently moreover, I understand that education is supremely valuable. So, I have determines to continue my education to her higher degree for making my life meaningful.

The Sword of Damocles Source: Greek Legend

2013-06-29T22:12:00.003-07:00

Literal Comprehension:

"The Sword of Damocles" is takne out from Greek legend. This story deals with an event that occurred in Greek to the king Dionysius who was a ruler famous for harsh treatment that he had given to his people and others who fell into his power. He was so tyrannical by his people. Even though he greatly enjoyed intellectual society. He managed to surround himself with a very brilliant court of men who were famous for their skill in science, letters and the arts in general. Like all tyrants, he had a great numbers of flatters too. Among them, one was Damocles who was the most celebrated of the foolish folk . He often flattered Dionysius in his pleasure or in such a way that he could hear his admiration. He always said that it was great honor to be a king like king Dionysius. He believed that the kings life was full of happiness and very comfortable fortunately, King Dionysius was never deceived by such fool flatters rather he resolved to teach him what it was to be a king. Once king Dionysius called Damocles and ordered him to be a king during the royal feast. Damocles agreed happily to be a king. The king Dionysius challenged him that he would resign the throne and become a common people before the end of the feast.
Next day, the high born guests all assembled in the banquet Damocles put on the royal dress and sat on the throne until the banquet was over. All the guest were suggested to give Damocles the same honor of the king that day used to give to king Dionysius. The heavy crown had already made his head ache. His mind was not in peace thinking that there might have been poison on the dish which was offered to him. The worst of all the had a terrible shock when he was a sharp edged naked sword suspended from the roof by single hair exactly over his own head. Realizing that the slender hair might break and that would kill him instantly, he asked permission from the tyrant to let him out from the throne. But the king Dionysius refused to do so rather he forced him to sit there throughout the feast because the intended to teach Damocles how foolish it was to sing of the happiness of Kings. Finally, when the banquet ended, he immediately came out of the throne. He happily returned from the having learnt well the wise lesson that boundless wealth doesn't necessarily bring happiness and satisfaction.

Interpretation:

This story may be trying to tell us about something about threat and burden that the ruler has to face during his tenure. In fact, to be a ruler is a matter of burden oven the duties and responsibilities. For example, king Dionysius was a famous ruler of sicily, he used to keep brilliant and skillful person from different field to secure himself from the possible attack. In this way, this story deals with the wise lesson that boundless wealth doesn't necessarily bring happiness and satisfaction.

Critical Thinking:

Although this is an interesting story, there are many things in the story which we find disagreeable can a real king leave his throne to another person for a single day? Do people suspend a sharp naked sword by a single hair exactly over the king's head in reality? Can common man flatter the king in front of him? For those reasons, we totally don't agree with the ideas of the story.

Assimilation:

After reading this story, I remembered a real event that occurred in my life five years ago. I was very much jealous to the principal and whit his position. Further, I was interested to pass the time in the way he passed later on, I was really given a change to be the principal of Galyang Boarding School. After that the parents of the student and the staff of the school started to come with various types of problems and challenges. On the contrary of my expectation , I had to face different kind of challenges and obstacles to manage and run the school smoothly. In this way, having found such challenges, I wanted to leave the position of the principal as soon as possible.

The Cricket P'U Sung-ling Chin (1640-1715)

2013-06-29T22:11:00.004-07:00

Literal Comprehension:

Cricket fighting was very popular and common in China during Ming reign. The common people had to supply the cricket to the magistrate in the court. The magistrate of Floral Shade used to sent the crickets to the emperor of China. So, the Floral Shade declared as royal supplier of the cricket.

However, their lacked the crickets in the state it was very difficult for the common people secretly reared the crickets in the hope of gaining profit by selling them but, the local officer used to loot their properties no one could raise the voice against them.

When there was scarcity of crickets a shy and sensitive man named as Makegood was made the neighborhood head. He was given two duties: Collecting cricket the taxes and finding the cricket to the magistrate. But he could not do either of these duties. So, he was severely punished. Then he consulted with a prophet who gave her a map. The map indicates the location of the crickets with the help of the mapMakegood went their where he found a small cricket. He brought it to his house and started rearing it. After some while his son playing the cricket accidently he killed it his son was also found in well. He thought that his son was death and decided to bury him but, fortunately some of his organ got reactivated again.

The next morning he also found the small cricket again the cricket could defeat all the powerful cricket of his neighbors then he sent the cricket to magistrate in the court the magistrate again sent it to the place. Where the cricket could declare him self as the winner by defeating all the mighty crickets. Besides this it also enjoyed the emperor by dancing in the tune of the Zither. Then, Makegood was rewarded with many prizes he was give a large amount of prosperities. Then after he enjoyed living his luxurious with his family members.

Interpretation:

This story clearly shows the importance of democratic government which secures the fundamental rights of people. In the country, where there is no freedom people con't enjoy their rights. As shown in the story Mr. Makegood is real victim of cruel rule. Makegood desire of committing suicide and his son's situation shows pathetic situation of people in autocratic system. So, the this story is a critics on autocratic system. So, the this story is a critics on autocratic government.

Critical Thinking:

Though the story presents the realistic picture of Chinese society, there are some ideas which are not acceptable. Can a boy be transformed into a cricket? Should a man commit suicide for minor mistake? Can we believe upon fortune teller? For these reason I don't totally agree with writer?

Assimilation:

After reading this story, it reminded me abut the RANA regime in Nepal. In the past, Neaplese condition was no better than that of Mr. Makegood in the story. People where not allowed to have education and they had to do whatever the rulers said. So, this story was very common to that period of Nepal.

PHAEDO :Plato, Greece(428/427BC-348/347BC)

2013-06-29T22:08:00.001-07:00

PHAEDO :Plato, Greece(428/427BC-348/347BC)

Literal Comprehension:

Phaedo is written by Plato. When Socrates was executed, Phaedo was with him. Pahedo describes the details about Socrates death. He says that Socrates was very wise and brave. He perfected to die speaking the truth of live telling a lie. He was accused of misleading the youth and causing them to hold free opinions. So, he was arrested by authority. But he wasn't executed immediately since the sacred mission to Delos hadn't been completed yet. So the execution was delayed until the arrival of the ship of Athens. When the ship came, the day of execution was fixed. One the of execution, many students

his friends and relatives came to meet him into prison. That day had also been passed in the usual Philosophical discussion for a long time. After that he went into another room. After taking bath he looked fresh. Then the prison officer came with a bowl of poison and said that Socrates had to drink it. Making the tears in his eyes, he went away. He was offered poison. Even though, he didn't changes his facial expression. Rather he command his student not to lose their hearts. Then he drank it calmly. He walked for some time. His friend started to weep and he scolded them. Finally he by down. At the end, he wished that a cock should be offered to healing god, Aselepius. In this way the bravest wisest and most upright man died.
Interpretation:

The story is trying to say us about the importance of life and death. In our death is inevitable. Everyone should die sooner or later. So, we should accept death for the sake of truth, justice and prosperity. Death for righteousness never becomes worthless. As in the story Socrates accepts the death calmly for the sake of righteousness. He thinks that dying bravely is more satisfactory than living cowardly. So, he accepts death for the sake of truth and humanity.

Critical Thinking :

Though the story talks about death for the truth and humanity but there are many ideas which are unacceptable. In this modern age, do we believe in existence of soul and life after death? Do the modern people follow such principles of Socrates? Was Athenian government to cruel that man couldn't have the right to express the thoughts?

Assimilation:

After reading this lesson I learnt a great moral lesson about the truth and justice. I must be bold to speak the truth. If anything is wrong. Moreover, I was coward and afraid of death. But after reading this story, I have decided to die bravely for the sake of humanity. So, I will always hold truth, Justice and righteousness.

AHAB AND NABOTH source: The Holy Bible

2013-06-29T22:07:00.002-07:00

Literal Comprehension:

"Ahab and Naboth" is an expert taken out for m the holy Bible. This story deals about the unkind action that occurred in Samaria during the tenure of Ahab, the king of Samaria.

One day Ahab went to Naboth to ask his vineyard which was near his palace. So, Ahab requested him to give his vineyard as he was interested to make a garden of herds. The king was ready to exchange another better vineyard for it or he was ready to pay the worth of it in the way Naboth likes. However, Naboth rejected his proposal saying that he wouldn't give the inheritance of his father. Being heavy and displeased with the word of Naboth, the king returned to his house and slept on the bed without eating any bread. Having seen Ahab's sadness, Jaz'eble his wife tried to console the king. She assured him that she would provide him the vineyard of Naboth. Then Jaz'ebel wrote a fake letter in Ahab's name and sealed and sent them to the elders and nobles of Naboth's city. In the letters , she had ordered them to go on fasting and set Naboth on high among them. She also ordered them to carry him out of the city and stone him to death for blaspheming the god and the king. They did so and the message was sent to her about Naboth's death. After the Jaz'eble said to Ahab ot take the vineyard of Naboth as his possession because he wasn't alive but dead. However, the god knew everything about the crime of the king displeased the Lord. So, the lord, sent Elijah as a message to threaten and curse the king, Ahab.

Interpretation:

This story may be trying to tell us that powerful rulers are wicked and cruel. But the gods are more powerful than them. As a result, even the powerful rulers can't escape from the god's punishment and supreme judges who can easily recognize the sin and virtue. Here, in the story, the powerful queen misuses her power to kill Naboth. However at the end, her husband can't escape from the curse to the god. In this way, this biblical story tells us something about human weakness.

Critical Thinking:

After reading this story I learned that powerful people often go beyond their duty and responsibility. However some of the ideas of the story are not agreeable to me. Do the modern people believe on the existence of god? If the gods are omnipotent why does the god curse Ahab rather than his wife? Can't the god know the real sinner? So, I don't totally agree with the idea of story.

Assimilation:

After reading this story , I remembered another story king. Here in this story the vineyard in the source of attraction for the king. So, untimely he gets success to make it his possession at the end of the story.

If Not Higher By: I.L. Perethz Poland If Not Higher By: I.L. Perethz Poland

2013-06-29T22:05:00.005-07:00

Literal Comprehension:

"If Not Higher" is written by I.L Perethz. He was the short story writer of Poland. He through this story tries to us that doing good deeds on earth may be a more exalted activity than doing God's will in heaven
Early every Friday morning at time of Penitential Prayer where religious services were performed. A Litvak a Lithuanian Jew wanted to know where this rabbi would go at that time. To solve the mystery of the rabbi's absence, the same night the Livak secretly went to his room and hid under his bed. Early morning, when others were praying for the people of Israel the rubbi disguised himself as a peasant, and left the house. The Litavak followed him. The Rabbi reached the forest near the town and cut a bundle of sticks. He went into a hut where a sick Jewish women lived. He foeced her to buy the wood on credit and started kindling the fire. After he put the wood into oven he recited the 1st portion of the Penitential prayers. As the wood started burning he recited the 2nd portion and when the fire was set, he recited the third portion the Litvak saw all his activities and become his disciple.
Interpretation:
In this story, the writer is trying to tell us that one should help the needy people to get the heavenly pleasure. The greatest religion of the world is humanism. Visiting temple and praying god do not make people religious and spiritual. One can get heavenly pleasure even in the world by doing good deeds. The Rabbi of Nemirov showed the value of religion by setting himself as an example. The story also tries to show that heaven is at the service of humanity.
Critical Thinking.
Although this story to teach us a high moral lesson, some of the ideas are less convincing. Is it possible for a mortal to go to heaven when he is alive? Is it possible to find such a idealist person like the Rabbi of Nemirov is real life? Do the modern people believe on existence of gods and heaven? How can he fellow the rabbi everywhere without unnoticed by him? So, I don't support the writer's ideas fully.
Assimilation:
After reading this story I learnt the meaning of the importance of selfless human service and the value of the service of humanity as well as work. I have realized that selfless sevice and the work are the paths towards the heaven. It means the blessing of the god can be easily achived by serving the poor and needy people.

The Brave Little Parrot

2013-06-29T22:05:00.002-07:00

Literal Comprehension: "The Brave Little Parrot" is an expert taken out from Buddhist legend. This short story deals about the importance of continuous helpful effort done by a little parrot to other creatures in the jungle.

Long ago, the Buddha was born as a little parrot, one storm day a fire broke out in his forest home. The fire spread rapidly in search of the safe place. But the couldn't escape from the flames and smoke. While the parrot was flying to the rivers, he saw on the way that many animals were trapped in the fire. Kind hearted parrot wanted to save them. So, he began to dive into the river and flew back over the burning forest and dropped a few drops of water into the fire which used to disappear before they reach the ground. Parrot repeated the work with great effort. His eyes were red, lungs ached and he felt dizzy. Still he didn't give up his efforts. Meanwhile some gods were watching from heaven. The thought that parrot was foolish and laughed at him but one of the gods was worried about parrot. So he disguised as golden eagle and came to the parrot. So he disguised as golden eagle and came to the parrot and advised him to give up and save his life. But, the parrot asked for help not advice. He felt ashamed and began to weep. Stream of tear came from the eyes of golden eagle and put out the fire. Miraculously the tears gave new life to everything including parrot. All the animals got surprised and appreciated the little parrot.

Interpretation: The writer of this story may be trying to tell us that courage is the powerful weapon in danger. One should fight for the things one believes weather one has reasonable chance of success or not. It is our duty to carry out the task for instance little parrot become successful in his attempt to put out the raging fire and save the life of many animals.

Critical Thinking: Although this story gives us a moral lesson that courage is the powerful weapon. So, one should fight for the things one believes wether one has reasonable chance of success or not . It is our duty to carry out in his attempt to put out the raging fire and save the life of many animals.

Assimilation: After reading this story, I know the importance of the selfish services and kindness. This story reminds me about an incident in which a young boy saved an old women's life. It was about two years ago. When I was going to meet my grandmother I saw a crowed people making noise near Adhikhola river young boy jumped into the river and brought her to the bank. Everybody around the admired him. In this story he came the "HERO" on that day.

YUDISHTHIRAS’S WISDOM

2013-06-29T22:04:00.002-07:00

LITERAL COMPREHENSION:

These experts have been taken from the MAHABHARAT. One of the two major Sanskrit epics of ancient India. Recounting events that allegedly took place some 2.800 years ago. The writing of this epic took place centuries later, possibly spanning from the vedic period (about 2500 years ago) to the early Gupta period (about 1700 years ago) According to the Hindu tradition, the author is YAKSHA.
While Hunting for deer in forest, the five Pandava brothers grow thirsty. Exhausted Yudhisthira, the eldest sends one brother to search for water. When this brother fails to return, Yudhisthira sends his other brother one at a time , but the too fail to return. Then Ydhisthira goes to search for his brother He finds a beautiful pool but alas, hear it he finds his four brothers prostarate on the ground either dead or unconscious. Unknown to Yudhisthara, they have all ignored a Yaksha’s admonition not to drink water before answering his question. Despite his overwhelming thirst, Yudhisrthira obeys the Yaksha. Moreover, he correctly answers the Yaksha’s philosophical queries. Pleased with Yudhisthira wisdom, the Yaksha agree to revive one of the brother, leaving Yudhisthira bases his choice entirely on moral considerations, not on his own selfish need and predilections. The Yaksha reveals himself as a Yama (The god of justice and righteousness) , tells Yudhistra how pleased he is with his uprights, restores to him for bother promises him protection from future hardships, and gives him some useful advice on where to go next.

Interpretation:

The story may be trying to tell us something about the importance of patience, obedience to gods, wisdom and right conduit. Without these characteristics, the PANDAVA brothers would have been lost.

The Philosophical portion of course of great interest, with reflections on such concepts as desire and courage.

Critical Thinking:

For the critical thinker, this story is a variable good mine. Here are a few examples of what skeptics might say about this charming tale. Are there gods out there. If so, what is the evidence for their existence? Can we truly say that patience and right conduct are rewarded on this earth?

Assimilation:

This story brought for me many associations. It led me for instance , to ask again, which view is right the one which extols desire, or the one which holds it to be the source of much sufferings and evil?