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CBSE BOARD CLASS -12 PHYSICS MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.

2020-02-26T16:54:00.001+05:30

Here is a link for class 12 physics most important physics questions -

Justice league actress name list

2020-02-11T02:44:00.002+05:30

Total seats in AIIMS and JIPMER

2020-02-11T02:36:00.001+05:30

Many of the students are seeking to know about total number of seats in AIIMS and JIPMER.
Although this year AIIMS SEATS will be filled by NEET .
Since the last decade AIIMS increase its seat and it become 1205 in all AIIMS.
But in JIPMER only 150 students can take admissions for MBBS course.

CHEMICAL KINETICS- FIRST ORDER REACTION

2020-02-11T02:26:00.001+05:30

Hey guys video is out for first order kinetics. In this video I’m discussing about formula of first order kinetics, it’s half life and graph.
You can check it here- https://youtu.be/KjsxGclfFco

How to find number of atom in different mole.

2020-02-01T01:15:00.000+05:30

Mole is a fundamental quantity which defines the amount of substance. Mole is obtained by dividing given mass of substance to its molecular mass.
Mole = Given mass of substance / Molecular mass of substance
Once you get the moles of substance , next you will go to calculate the numbers of atom by using Avagardo’s rule-
According to this rule - Number of atoms in 1 mole of substance is equal to = 6.023*10to the power23
So 2 mole substance contain - 2 * 6.023*10 to the power 23

Mesophyll Tissue

2020-02-01T00:45:00.000+05:30

Mesophyll is situated below the epidermis. It help in photosynthesis . Mesophyll is composed of two type of cell-
1- Palisade Parenchyma
In this type of cell chloroplast content is more , so it play major role in photosynthesis.
Generally it forms a single well organised layer just below the epidermis.
2- Spongy parenchyma
There are large spaces left between the cells of spongy parenchyma. These large spaces allow these
layers to help Co2 move around the leaf. The Spongy mesophyll also allow plant to bend and move in wind, which itself move gases around the leaf cell.
Spongy parenchyma also help in photosynthesis.
Mesophyll is a type of ground tissue. It consist of following part-

Corona virus

2020-01-24T23:30:00.001+05:30

What is Corona virus?
Corona virus is a virus that can make animals and humans sick. It is an RNA virus, which means that it breaks into cells inside a body and uses them to regenerate itself. The corona virus is spreading in Wuhan, China like never before. Therefore, not much information is available about it.
Experts believe that the corona virus comes from a family of viruses that infect humans, cattle, pigs, chickens, dogs, cats and wild animals.
Until this new corona virus was identified, there were only six different corona viruses to infect humans. Four of these caused a mild common cold disease. However, since 2002, there have been two new corona viruses that can infect humans and make them seriously ill.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the virus is linked to seafood and is thought to have originated from a seafood market in Wuhan city of Huawei province, China. Corona virus belongs to the family of viruses and people are getting sick from it. The virus is also entering many animals, including camels, cats and bats. The WHO has also expressed apprehension that the virus can spread from one person to another.

How does this virus spread?
This disease can spread to people only through cough and sneeze, this means that this virus can be easily transmitted to anyone. Apart from this, it can also be spread through close contact, kissing or sharing utensils through saliva. Because it infects the lungs, the droplets released from the mouth while coughing can also infect the person present.

What are the symptoms?
Symptoms begin to appear at least 14 days after becoming infected with the virus. In corona virus patients usually see the initial symptoms like cold, cough, sore throat, difficulty in breathing, fever. These symptoms then cause pneumonia and kidney damage.

Treatment of Corona virus
There is no cure for corona virus at this time. Antibiotics do not fight viruses, so their use is futile. Although antiviral drugs can come in handy, it takes years to understand and solve a new virus.

There is no vaccine available so far to get rid of the corona virus. Scientists are making vaccines to treat this virus.

UPSC GS-2 paper

2019-12-14T00:16:00.003+05:30

Hey guys u can download it from here- https://drive.google.com/file/d/1PncNd62gisbRdQ3AkzNlYfVDrp_eo5z7/view?usp=drivesdk

KREB CYCLE

2019-12-13T22:24:00.001+05:30

Kreb cycle is the process of oxidation of of acetyl co-A into CO2. This process is discovered by H.A KREB . KREB cycle occurs in matrix of mitochondria . All the essential enzymes required for this process ( citrate synthatase , aconitase ,Decarboxylase etc ) present in mitochondrial matrix except marker enzyme succinic dehydrogenase .
When acetyl co-A enters in matrix of mitochondria, it is accepted by acceptor molecule oxaloacetic acid . Oxaloacetic acid and acetyl Co-A combine to form a 6 carbon compound citric acid and the cycle start with the formation of different compound like- cis aconitase , iso citrate , oxalosuccinate, alpha keto glutrate, succinyl coA , succinate , Fumarate, malate and oxaloacetate.
In this process 3 NADPH2, 1 GTP , 1 FADH2 is formed.

You can watch this on your YouTube channel- https://youtu.be/q9jXkIrBlNw

Cross tolerance

2018-08-05T22:36:00.001+05:30

Cross tolerance- It is the development of tole rance to pharmacologically related drugs, e.g. alcoholics are relatively tolerant to barbiturates and general anaesthetics. Closer the two drugs are, more complete is the cross tolerance between them, e.g.-
There is partial cross tolerance between morphine and barbiturates but complete cross tolerance between morphine and pethidine.
Mechanisms responsible for development of tolerance are incompletely understood. However, tolerance may be:
(i) Pharmacokinetic/drug disposition tole rance-the effective concentration of the drug at the site of action is decreased, mostly due to enhancement of drug elimination on chronic use, e.g. barbiturates, carbama zepine, amphetamine.
(ii) Pharmacodynamic/cellular tolerance drug action is lessened; cells of the target organ become less responsive, e.g. morp hine, barbiturates, nitrates. This may be due to down regulation of receptors or weakening of response effectuation.
Tachyphylaxis (Tachy-fast, phylaxis-protectionJ 10 rapid development of tolerance when doses of c. drug repeated in quick succession result ir marked reduction in response. This is usuall;: seen with indirectly acting drugs, such as
ephedrine, tyramine, nicotine. These drugs act b' releasing catecholamines in the body, synthesis of which is unable to match the rate of release stores get depleted. Other mechanisms like slm,· dissociation of the drug from its receptor, desensi tization/internalization or down regulation or receptor, etc. and/or compensator: homeostatic adaptation.
Drug resistance Itreferstotoleranceofmicro organisms to inhibitory action of antimicrobials. e.g. Staphylococci to penicillin

Acute sinusitis

2018-05-12T16:43:00.001+05:30

Acute sinusitis (acute rhinosinusitis) causes the cavities around your nasal passages (sinuses) to become inflamed and swollen. This interferes with drainage and causes mucus to build up.

With acute sinusitis, it may be difficult to breathe through your nose. The area around your eyes and face may feel swollen, and you may have throbbing facial pain or a headache.

Acute sinusitis is most often caused by the common cold. Other triggers include allergies, bacterial and fungal infections. Treatment of acute sinusitis depends on the cause. In most cases, home remedies are all that's needed. However, persistent sinusitis can lead to serious infections and other complications. Sinusitis that lasts more than eight weeks or keeps coming back is called chronic sinusitis.

SYMPTOMS

Acute sinusitis symptoms often include:

Drainage of a thick, yellow or greenish discharge from the nose or down the back of the throat
Nasal obstruction or congestion, causing difficulty breathing through your nose
Pain, tenderness, swelling and pressure around your eyes, cheeks, nose or forehead
Reduced sense of smell and taste
Cough, which may be worse at night

Other signs and symptoms can include:

Ear pain
Headache
Aching in your upper jaw and teeth
Bad breath (halitosis)
Fatigue
Fever

Alcohol Intolerance

2018-05-09T11:26:00.003+05:30

Alcohol intolerance can cause immediate, unpleasant reactions after you drink alcohol. The most common signs and symptoms of alcohol intolerance are stuffy nose and skin flushing. Alcohol intolerance is caused by a genetic condition in which the body is unable to break down alcohol efficiently. The only way to prevent alcohol intolerance reactions is to avoid alcohol.

Alcohol intolerance isn't an allergy. However, in some cases, what seems to be alcohol intolerance may be your reaction to something in an alcoholic beverage — such as chemicals, grains or preservatives. Combining alcohol with certain medications also can cause reactions.

In rare instances, an unpleasant reaction to alcohol can be a sign of a serious underlying health problem that requires diagnosis and treatment.

SYMPTOMS

Signs and symptoms of alcohol intolerance — or of a reaction to ingredients in an alcoholic beverage — can include:

Facial redness (flushing)
Warm, red, itchy bumps on the skin (hives)
Worsening of preexisting asthma
Runny or stuffy nose
Low blood pressure
Nausea and vomiting
Diarrhea
CAUSES

Alcohol intolerance occurs when your body doesn't have the proper enzymes to break down (metabolize) the toxins in alcohol. This is caused by inherited (genetic) traits usually found in Asians.
Other ingredients commonly found in alcoholic beverages, especially in beer or wine, can cause intolerance reactions. These include:
- Sulfites or other preservatives
- Chemicals, grains or other ingredients
- Histamine, a byproduct of fermentation or brewing
In some cases, reactions can be triggered by an allergy to a grain such as corn, wheat or rye or to another substance contained in alcoholic beverages.
Rarely, severe pain after drinking alcohol is a sign of a more serious disorder, such as Hodgkin lymphoma.

RISK FACTORS

Risk factors for alcohol intolerance or other reactions to alcoholic beverages include:
- Being of Asian descent
- Having asthma or hay fever (allergic rhinitis)
- Having an allergy to grains or to another food
- Having Hodgkins lymphoma
COMPLICATIONS

Depending on the cause, complications of alcohol intolerance or other reactions to alcoholic beverages can include:
- Migraines. Drinking alcohol can trigger migraines in some people, possibly as a result of histamines contained in some alcoholic beverages. Your immune system also releases histamines during an allergic reaction.
- A severe allergic reaction. In rare instances, an allergic reaction can be life-threatening (anaphylactic reaction) and require emergency treatment.

Net capacitance

2018-05-01T01:31:00.003+05:30

Here is a video which tell you easy way to find out Net Capacitance.
https://youtu.be/2TZxckt4_Ok

Arotic aneurysm

2018-04-13T18:51:00.003+05:30

An aortic aneurysm is an abnormal bulge that occurs in the wall of the major blood vessel (aorta) that carries blood from your heart to your body. Aortic aneurysms can occur anywhere in your aorta and may be tube-shaped (fusiform) or round (saccular).

Aortic aneurysms include:

Abdominal aortic aneurysm. An abdominal aortic aneurysm occurs along the part of the aorta that passes through the abdomen.
Thoracic aortic aneurysm. A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs along the part of the aorta that passes through the chest cavity.

In some cases, an individual may have an abdominal aortic aneurysm and a thoracic aortic aneurysm.

Having an aortic aneurysm increases your risk of developing an aortic dissection. An aortic dissection occurs when a tear develops in the inner layer of the wall of the aorta. This causes one or more of the layers of the wall of the aorta to separate, which weakens the wall of the aorta. Having an aortic aneurysm also increases your risk that the aneurysm can burst (rupture).

Angina

2018-04-09T20:11:00.001+05:30

Angina is a term used for chest pain caused by reduced blood flow to the heart muscle. Angina (an-JIE-nuh or AN-juh-nuh) is a symptom of coronary artery disease. Angina is typically described as squeezing, pressure, heaviness, tightness or pain in your chest.

Angina, also called angina pectoris, can be a recurring problem or a sudden, acute health concern.

Angina is relatively common but can be hard to distinguish from other types of chest pain, such as the pain or discomfort of indigestion. If you have unexplained chest pain, seek medical attention right away.

SYMPTOMS

Symptoms associated with angina include:

Chest pain or discomfort
Pain in your arms, neck, jaw, shoulder or back accompanying chest pain
Nausea
Fatigue
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Dizziness

The chest pain and discomfort common with angina may be described as pressure, squeezing, fullness or pain in the center of your chest. Some people with angina symptoms describe angina as feeling like a vise is squeezing their chest or feeling like a heavy weight has been placed on their chest. For others, it may feel like indigestion.

The severity, duration and type of angina can vary. It's important to recognize if you have new or changing chest discomfort. New or different symptoms may signal a more dangerous form of angina (unstable angina) or a heart attack.

Stable angina is the most common form of angina, and it typically occurs with exertion and goes away with rest. If chest discomfort is a new symptom for you, it's important to see your doctor to find out what's causing your chest pain and to get proper treatment. If your stable angina gets worse or changes, seek medical attention immediately.

Characteristics of stable angina

Develops when your heart works harder, such as when you exercise or climb stairs
Can usually be predicted and the pain is usually similar to previous types of chest pain you've had
Lasts a short time, perhaps five minutes or less
Disappears sooner if you rest or use your angina medication

Characteristics of unstable angina (a medical emergency)

Occurs even at rest
Is a change in your usual pattern of angina
Is unexpected
Is usually more severe and lasts longer than stable angina, maybe as long as 30 minutes
May not disappear with rest or use of angina medication
Might signal a heart attack

Angina in women

A woman's angina symptoms can be different from the classic angina symptoms. For example, women often experience symptoms such as nausea, shortness of breath, abdominal pain or extreme fatigue, with or without chest pain. Or a woman may feel discomfort in her neck, jaw or back or stabbing pain instead of the more typical chest pressure. These differences may lead to delays in seeking treatment.

CAUSES

Angina is caused by reduced blood flow to your heart muscle. Your blood carries oxygen, which your heart muscle needs to survive. When your heart muscle isn't getting enough oxygen, it causes a condition called ischemia.

The most common cause of reduced blood flow to your heart muscle is coronary artery disease (CAD). Your heart (coronary) arteries can become narrowed by deposits called plaques. This is called atherosclerosis.

This reduced blood flow is a supply problem — your heart is not getting enough oxygen-rich blood. You may wonder why you don't always have angina if your heart arteries are narrowed due to fatty buildup. This is because during times of low oxygen demand — when you're resting, for example — your heart muscle may be able to get by on the reduced amount of blood flow without triggering angina symptoms. But when you increase the demand for oxygen, such as when you exercise, this can cause angina.

Stable angina. Stable angina is usually triggered by physical exertion. When you climb stairs, exercise or walk, your heart demands more blood, but it's harder for the muscle to get enough blood when your arteries are narrowed. Besides physical activity, other factors, such as emotional stress, cold temperatures, heavy meals and smoking, also can narrow arteries and trigger angina.
Unstable angina. If fat-containing deposits (plaques) in a blood vessel rupture and a blood clot forms, it can quickly block or reduce flow through a narrowed artery, suddenly and severely decreasing blood flow to your heart muscle. Unstable angina can also be caused by blood clots that block or partially block your heart's blood vessels.
Unstable angina worsens and is not relieved by rest or your usual medications. If the blood flow doesn't improve, heart muscle deprived of oxygen dies — a heart attack. Unstable angina is dangerous and requires emergency treatment.
Variant angina. Variant angina, also called Prinzmetal's angina, is caused by a spasm in a coronary artery in which the artery temporarily narrows. This narrowing reduces blood flow to your heart, causing chest pain. Variant angina can occur even when you're at rest, and is often severe. It can be relieved with medications.

RISK FACTORS

The following risk factors increase your risk of coronary artery disease and angina:

Tobacco use. Chewing tobacco, smoking and long-term exposure to secondhand smoke damage the interior walls of arteries — including arteries to your heart — allowing deposits of cholesterol to collect and block blood flow.
Diabetes. Diabetes is the inability of your body to produce enough insulin or respond to insulin properly. Insulin, a hormone secreted by your pancreas, allows your body to use glucose, which is a form of sugar from foods. Diabetesincreases the risk of coronary artery disease, which leads to angina and heart attacks by speeding up atherosclerosis.
High blood pressure. Blood pressure is determined by the amount of blood your heart pumps and the amount of resistance to blood flow in your arteries. Over time, high blood pressure damages arteries.
High blood cholesterol or triglyceride levels. Cholesterol is a major part of the deposits that can narrow arteries throughout your body, including those that supply your heart. A high level of the wrong kind of cholesterol, known as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (the "bad" cholesterol), increases your risk of angina and heart attacks. A high level of triglycerides, a type of blood fat related to your diet, also is undesirable.
History of heart disease. If you have coronary artery disease or if you've had a heart attack, you're at a greater risk of developing angina.
Older age. Men older than 45 and women older than 55 have a greater risk than do younger adults.
Lack of exercise. An inactive lifestyle contributes to high cholesterol, high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes and obesity. However, it is important to talk with your doctor before starting an exercise program.
Obesity. Obesity raises the risk of angina and heart disease because it's associated with high blood cholesterol levels, high blood pressure and diabetes. Also, your heart has to work harder to supply blood to the excess tissue.
Stress. Stress can increase your risk of angina and heart attacks. Too much stress, as well as anger, can also raise your blood pressure. Surges of hormones produced during stress can narrow your arteries and worsen angina.

COMPLICATIONS

The chest pain that can occur with angina can make some normal activities, such as walking, uncomfortable. However, the most dangerous complication to be concerned about with angina is a heart attack.

Common signs and symptoms of a heart attack include:

Pressure, fullness or a squeezing pain in the center of your chest that lasts for more than a few minutes
Pain extending beyond your chest to your shoulder, arm, back, or even to your teeth and jaw
Increasing episodes of chest pain
Prolonged pain in the upper abdomen
Shortness of breath
Sweating
Impending sense of doom
Fainting
Nausea and vomiting

Arotic valve regurgitation

2018-04-04T22:35:00.002+05:30

Aortic valve regurgitation — or aortic regurgitation — is a condition that occurs when your heart's aortic valve doesn't close tightly. Aortic valve regurgitation allows some of the blood that was just pumped out of your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle) to leak back into it.

The leakage may prevent your heart from efficiently pumping blood to the rest of your body. As a result, you may feel fatigued and short of breath.

Aortic valve regurgitation can develop suddenly or over decades. Once aortic valve regurgitation becomes severe, surgery is often required to repair or replace the aortic valve.

SYMPTOMS

Most often, aortic valve regurgitation develops gradually, and your heart compensates for the problem. You may have no signs or symptoms for years, and you may even be unaware that you have the condition.

However, as aortic valve regurgitation worsens, signs and symptoms may include:

Fatigue and weakness, especially when you increase your activity level
Shortness of breath with exertion or when you lie down
Swollen ankles and feet (edema)
Chest pain (angina), discomfort or tightness, often increasing during exercise
Lightheadedness or fainting
Irregular pulse (arrhythmia)
Heart murmur
Sensations of a rapid, fluttering heartbeat (palpitations)
CAUSES

Any condition that damages a valve can cause regurgitation. Causes of aortic valve regurgitation include:
- Congenital heart valve disease. You may have been born with an aortic valve that has only two leaflets (bicuspid valve) or fused leaflets rather than the normal three separate leaflets. This puts you at risk of developing aortic valve regurgitation at some time in your life.
- Endocarditis. The aortic valve may be damaged by endocarditis — an infection inside your heart that involves heart valves.
- Rheumatic fever. Rheumatic fever — a complication of strep throat and once a common childhood illness in the United States — can damage the aortic valve. Rheumatic fever is still prevalent in developing countries but rare in the United States. Many older adults in the United States were exposed to rheumatic fever as children, although they may not have developed rheumatic heart disease.
- Disease. Other rare conditions can enlarge the aortic valve and lead to regurgitation, including Marfan syndrome, a connective tissue disease.
- Trauma. Damage to the aorta near the site of the aortic valve, such as damage from injury to your chest or from a tear in the aorta, also can cause backward flow of blood through the valve.
How your heart works
Heart valves open like a one-way gate. The leaflets of the aortic valve are forced open as the left ventricle contracts and blood flows into the aorta. When the blood has gone through the valve and the left ventricle has relaxed, the leaflets close to prevent the blood that has just passed into the aorta from flowing back into the left ventricle.
A defective heart valve is one that fails to either open or close fully. When a valve doesn't close tightly, blood can leak backward. This backward flow through a valve is called regurgitation.
In aortic valve regurgitation, some blood leaks back into the left ventricle instead of flowing onward to the rest of your body after being pumped into the aorta. This forces the left ventricle to hold more blood, possibly causing it to enlarge and thicken.
At first, left ventricle enlargement helps because it maintains adequate blood flow with more force. But eventually these changes weaken the left ventricle — and your heart overall.

RISK FACTORS

Your risk of aortic valve regurgitation is greater if you've been affected by any of the following:
- Aortic valve damage. Inflammation associated with certain conditions, such as endocarditis or rheumatic fever, can damage your aortic valve. Also, a narrowing of the aortic valve (aortic stenosis) can be associated with leaking.
- High blood pressure (hypertension).High blood pressure may stretch the root of the aorta where the aortic valve sits. The valve leaflets may no longer meet, resulting in leakage.
- Congenital heart valve disease. If you were born with a malformed aortic valve, your chances of having aortic valve regurgitation increase.
- Disease. Certain conditions, including Marfan syndrome and ankylosing spondylits, may cause the aortic root (where the aorta attaches to the ventricle) to widen, resulting in a leaky aortic valve.
- Age. By middle age, you can develop some aortic valve regurgitation caused by natural deterioration of the valve.
COMPLICATIONS

Any heart valve problem puts you at risk of an infection of the heart's inner lining (endocarditis). If the aortic valve is leaky, it's more prone to infection than is a healthy valve.
When it's mild, aortic valve regurgitation may never cause a serious threat to your health. But when it's severe, aortic valve regurgitation may lead to heart failure. Heart failure is a serious condition in which your heart is unable to pump enough blood to meet your body's needs.

Child abuse (Challenging situation of Modern world).

2018-04-02T12:02:00.002+05:30

Any intentional harm or mistreatment to a child under 18 years old is considered child abuse. Child abuse takes many forms, which often occur at the same time.

Physical abuse. Physical child abuse occurs when a child is purposefully physically injured.
Sexual abuse. Sexual child abuse is any sexual activity with a child, such as fondling, oral-genital contact, intercourse or exposure to child pornography.
Emotional abuse. Emotional child abuse means injuring a child's self-esteem or emotional well-being. It includes verbal and emotional assault — such as continually belittling or berating a child — as well as isolating, ignoring or rejecting a child.
Neglect. Child neglect is failure to provide adequate food, shelter, affection, supervision, education or medical care.

Most child abuse is inflicted by someone the child knows and trusts, often a parent or other relative. If you suspect child abuse, report the abuse to the proper authorities.

SYMPTOMS

A child who's being abused may feel guilty, ashamed or confused. He or she may be afraid to tell anyone about the abuse, especially if the abuser is a parent, other relative or family friend. In fact, the child may have an apparent fear of parents, adult caregivers or family friends. That's why it's vital to watch for red flags, such as:

Withdrawal from friends or usual activities
Changes in behavior — such as aggression, anger, hostility or hyperactivity — or changes in school performance
Depression, anxiety or a sudden loss of self-confidence
An apparent lack of supervision
Frequent absences from school or reluctance to ride the school bus
Reluctance to leave school activities, as if he or she doesn't want to go home
Attempts at running away
Rebellious or defiant behavior
Attempts at suicide

Specific signs and symptoms depend on the type of abuse. Keep in mind that warning signs are just that — warning signs. The presence of warning signs doesn't necessarily mean that a child is being abused.

Physical abuse signs and symptoms

Unexplained injuries, such as bruises, fractures or burns
Injuries that don't match the given explanation
Untreated medical or dental problems

Sexual abuse signs and symptoms

Sexual behavior or knowledge that's inappropriate for the child's age
Pregnancy or a sexually transmitted infection
Blood in the child's underwear
Statements that he or she was sexually abused
Trouble walking or sitting
Abuse of other children sexually

Emotional abuse signs and symptoms

Delayed or inappropriate emotional development
Loss of self-confidence or self-esteem
Social withdrawal
Depression
Headaches or stomachaches with no medical cause
Avoidance of certain situations, such as refusing to go to school or ride the bus
Desperately seeks affection

Neglect signs and symptoms

Poor growth or weight gain
Poor hygiene
Lack of clothing or supplies to meet physical needs
Taking food or money without permission
Eating a lot in one sitting or hiding food for later
Poor record of school attendance
Lack of appropriate attention for medical, dental or psychological problems, even though the parents have been notified
Emotional swings that are inappropriate or out of context to the situation
Indifference

Parental behavior

Sometimes a parent's demeanor or behavior sends red flags about child abuse. Warning signs include a parent who:

Shows little concern for the child
Appears unable to recognize physical or emotional distress in the child
Denies that any problems exist at home or school, or blames the child for the problems
Consistently blames, belittles or berates the child and describes the child with negative terms, such as "worthless" or "evil"
Expects the child to provide him or her with attention and care and seems jealous of other family members getting attention from the child
Uses harsh physical discipline or asks teachers to do so
Demands an inappropriate level of physical or academic performance
Severely limits the child's contact with others
Offers conflicting or unconvincing explanations for a child's injuries or no explanation at all

Although most child health experts condemn the use of violence in any form, some people still use corporal punishment (such as spanking) as a way to discipline their children. Corporal punishment has limited effectiveness in deterring behavior and is associated with aggressive behavior in the child. Any corporal punishment may leave emotional scars.

Parental behaviors that cause pain or physical injury — even when done in the name of discipline — could be child abuse.

RISK FACTORS

Child abuse occurs across all social and economic levels and ethnic groups. Factors that may increase a person's risk of becoming abusive include:

A history of being abused or neglected as a child
Physical or mental illness, such as depression or post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
Family crisis or stress, including domestic violence and other marital conflicts, single parenting, or young children in the family, especially several children under age 5
A child in the family who is developmentally or physically disabled
Financial stress or unemployment
Social or extended family isolation
Poor understanding of child development and parenting skills
Alcoholism or other forms of substance abuse

COMPLICATIONS

Some children overcome the physical and psychological effects of child abuse, particularly those with strong social support who can adapt and cope with bad experiences. For many others, however, child abuse has lifelong consequences. For example, child abuse may result in physical, behavioral, emotional and mental issues. Examples include:

Physical issues

Death
Physical disabilities and health problems
Learning disabilities
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)
Substance abuse

Behavioral issues

Delinquent or violent behavior
Abuse of others
Withdrawal
Suicide attempts
Frequent, casual sex with many different partners (sexual promiscuity) or teen pregnancy

Emotional issues

Low self-esteem
Difficulty establishing or maintaining relationships
Challenges with intimacy and trust
An unhealthy view of parenthood that may perpetuate the cycle of abuse
Inability to cope with stress and frustrations

Mental disorders

Eating disorders
Personality disorders
Depression
Anxiety
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Talk therapy, also called psychotherapy, can help a child who has been abused learn to trust again, as well as teach the child about normal behavior and relationships. Therapy can also teach children conflict management and boost self-esteem. Several different types of therapy may be effective, such as:

Trauma-focused cognitive behavioral therapy. This type of therapy helps an abused child to better manage distressing feelings and to deal with trauma-related memories. Eventually, the nonabusing parent and the child are seen together so the child can let the nonabusing parent know exactly what happened.
Child-parent psychotherapy. This treatment focuses on improving the parent-child relationship and on building a stronger attachment between the two.

Psychotherapy can help parents discover the roots of abuse, learn effective ways to cope with life's inevitable frustrations and learn healthy parenting strategies. If the child is still in the home, social services may schedule home visits and make sure essential needs, such as food, are available.

Children who are placed in foster care because their home situation is too dangerous will also need mental health services and therapies.

Infant 👶 Jaundice

2018-03-30T00:43:00.004+05:30

Infant jaundice is a yellow discoloration in a newborn baby's skin and eyes. Infant jaundice occurs because the baby's blood contains an excess of bilirubin (bil-ih-ROO-bin), a yellow-colored pigment of red blood cells.

Infant jaundice is a common condition, particularly in babies born before 38 weeks gestation (preterm babies) and some breast-fed babies. Infant jaundice usually occurs because a baby's liver isn't mature enough to get rid of bilirubin in the bloodstream. In some cases, an underlying disease may cause jaundice.

Treatment of infant jaundice often isn't necessary, and most cases that need treatment respond well to noninvasive therapy. Although complications are rare, a high bilirubin level associated with severe infant jaundice or inadequately treated jaundice may cause brain damage.

SYMPTOMS

Yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes is a sign of infant jaundice that usually appears between the second and fourth day after birth.

To check for infant jaundice, press gently on your baby's forehead or nose. If the skin looks yellow where you pressed, it's likely your baby has mild jaundice. If your baby doesn't have jaundice, the skin color should simply look slightly lighter than its normal color for a moment.

Examine your baby in good lighting conditions, preferably in natural daylight.

CAUSES

Excess bilirubin (hyperbilirubinemia) is the main cause of jaundice. Bilirubin, which is responsible for the yellow color of jaundice, is a normal part of the pigment released from the breakdown of "used" red blood cells.

Normally, the liver filters bilirubin from the bloodstream and releases it into the intestinal tract. A newborn's immature liver often can't remove bilirubin quickly enough, causing an excess of bilirubin. Jaundice due to these normal newborn conditions is called physiologic jaundice, and it typically appears on the second or third day of life.

Other causes

An underlying disorder may cause jaundice. In these cases, jaundice often appears much earlier or much later than physiologic jaundice. Diseases or conditions that can cause jaundice include:

Internal bleeding (hemorrhage)
An infection in your baby's blood (sepsis)
Other viral or bacterial infections
An incompatibility between the mother's blood and the baby's blood
A liver malfunction
An enzyme deficiency
An abnormality of your baby's red blood cells that causes them to break

RISK FACTORS

Major risk factors for jaundice, particularly severe jaundice that can cause complications, include:

Premature birth. A baby born before 38 weeks may not be able to process bilirubin as quickly as full-term babies do. Also, he or she may feed less and have fewer bowel movements, resulting in less bilirubin eliminated through stool.
Significant bruising during birth. If your newborn gets bruises from the delivery, he or she may have a higher level of bilirubin from the breakdown of more red blood cells.
Blood type. If the mother's blood type is different from her baby's, the baby may have received antibodies through the placenta that cause his or her blood cells to break down more quickly.
Breast-feeding. Breast-fed babies, particularly those who have difficulty nursing or getting enough nutrition from breast-feeding, are at higher risk of jaundice. Dehydration or a low calorie intake may contribute to the onset of jaundice. However, because of the benefits of breast-feeding, experts still recommend it. It's important to make sure your baby gets enough to eat and is adequately hydrated.

COMPLICATIONS

High levels of bilirubin that cause severe jaundice can result in serious complications if not treated.

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy

Bilirubin is toxic to cells of the brain. If a baby has severe jaundice, there's a risk of bilirubin passing into the brain, a condition called acute bilirubin encephalopathy. Prompt treatment may prevent significant lasting damage.

The following may indicate acute bilirubin encephalopathy in a baby with jaundice:

Listlessness or difficulty waking
High-pitched crying
Poor sucking or feeding
Backward arching of the neck and body
Fever
Vomiting

Kernicterus

Kernicterus is the syndrome that occurs if acute bilirubin encephalopathy causes permanent damage to the brain. Kernicterus may result in:

Involuntary and uncontrolled movements (athetoid cerebral palsy)
Permanent upward gaze
Hearing loss
Improper development of tooth enamel

2018-03-29T00:20:00.002+05:30

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Cardiomyopathy

2018-03-29T00:13:00.000+05:30

Cardiomyopathy (kahr-dee-o-my-OP-uh-thee)is a condition where the heart muscle is abnormal. The main types of cardiomyopathy include dilated, hypertrophic and restrictive cardiomyopathy. Cardiomyopathy makes it harder for your heart to pump and deliver blood to the rest of your body. Cardiomyopathy can lead to heart failure.

Cardiomyopathy can be treated. The type of treatment you'll receive depends on which type of cardiomyopathy you have and how serious it is. Your treatment may include medications, surgically implanted devices or, in severe cases, a heart transplant.

SYMPTOMS

In the early stages, people with cardiomyopathy may not have any signs and symptoms. But as the condition advances, signs and symptoms usually appear. Cardiomyopathy signs and symptoms may include:

Breathlessness with exertion or even at rest
Swelling of the legs, ankles and feet
Bloating of the abdomen due to fluid buildup
Cough while lying down
Fatigue
Irregular heartbeats that feel rapid, pounding or fluttering
Chest pain
Dizziness, lightheadedness and fainting

No matter what type of cardiomyopathy you have, signs and symptoms tend to get worse unless treated. In certain people, this worsening happens quickly, while in others, cardiomyopathy may not worsen for a long time.

CAUSES

Often, the cause of the cardiomyopathy is unknown. In some people, however, doctors are able to identify some contributing factors. Possible causes of cardiomyopathy include:

Genetic conditions
Long-term high blood pressure
Heart tissue damage from a previous heart attack
Chronic rapid heart rate
Heart valve problems
Metabolic disorders, such as obesity, thyroid disease or diabetes
Nutritional deficiencies of essential vitamins or minerals, such as thiamin (vitamin B-1)
Pregnancy complications
Drinking too much alcohol over many years
Use of cocaine, amphetamines or anabolic steroids
Use of some chemotherapy drugs and radiation to treat cancer
Certain infections, which may injure the heart and trigger cardiomyopathy
Iron buildup in your heart muscle (hemochromatosis)
A condition that causes inflammation and can cause lumps of cells to grow in the heart and other organs (sarcoidosis)
A disorder that causes the buildup of abnormal proteins (amyloidosis)
Connective tissue disorders

Types of cardiomyopathy include:

Dilated cardiomyopathy. This is the most common type of cardiomyopathy. In this disorder, the pumping ability of your heart's main pumping chamber — the left ventricle — becomes less forceful. The left ventricle becomes enlarged (dilated) and can't effectively pump blood out of the heart.
Although this type can affect people of all ages, it occurs most often in middle-aged people and is more likely to affect men. Some people with dilated cardiomyopathy have a family history of the condition. In others, dilated cardiomyopathy may occur as a result of certain conditions such as coronary heart disease, infection, chemotherapy, or drug or alcohol use. The cause may also be unknown (idiopathic).
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. This type involves abnormal thickening of your heart muscle, particularly affecting the muscle of your heart's main pumping chamber (left ventricle). The thickened heart muscle can make it harder for the heart to pump blood.
Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy can develop at any age, but the condition tends to be more severe if it becomes apparent during childhood. Most affected people have a family history of the disease, and some genetic mutations have been linked to hypertrophic cardiomyopathy.
Restrictive cardiomyopathy. The heart muscle in people with restrictive cardiomyopathy becomes rigid and less elastic, meaning the heart can't properly expand and fill with blood between heartbeats. While restrictive cardiomyopathy can occur at any age, it most often tends to affect older people. It's the least common type of cardiomyopathy and can occur for no known reason (idiopathic).
The condition may also be caused by diseases elsewhere in the body that affect the heart, such as a disease in which iron builds up in the heart muscle (hemochromatosis), a disorder that causes the buildup of abnormal proteins (amyloidosis), a disease that causes inflammation and can cause lumps of cells to grow in the heart and other organs (sarcoidosis), connective tissue disorders, or a disorder that causes abnormal blood cells to damage the heart (eosinophilic heart disease).
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia. In this rare type of cardiomyopathy, the muscle in the lower right heart chamber (right ventricle) is replaced by scar tissue. This can lead to heart rhythm problems. This condition is often caused by genetic mutations.
Other types of cardiomyopathy. Other types of cardiomyopathy (unclassified cardiomyopathies) exist, but they don't fit within the other types of cardiomyopathy.

RISK FACTORS

There are a number of risk factors that can increase your risk of cardiomyopathy, including:

Family history. People with a family history of cardiomyopathy, heart failureand sudden cardiac arrest are more likely to develop cardiomyopathy than are those without a family history of heart problems.
High blood pressure. People who have high blood pressure over a long period of time are at higher risk of cardiomyopathy.
Conditions that affect the heart.People who have had a heart attack, coronary artery disease or viral infections that affected the heart are at higher risk of cardiomyopathy.
Obesity. Excess weight makes the heart work harder, which may increase the risk of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.
Alcoholism. People who abuse alcohol can damage their hearts, and cardiomyopathy can be a consequence. The risk increases significantly after more than five years of drinking seven to eight drinks daily.
Illicit drug use. Drugs, such as cocaine, amphetamines and anabolic steroids, may increase the risk of cardiomyopathy.
Cancer treatments. While necessary to treat cancer, many cancer treatments can damage some healthy cells too. Certain chemotherapy drugs and radiation therapy can increase the risk of cardiomyopathy.
Diabetes. Having diabetes ups the risk of cardiomyopathy, heart failure and other heart problems.
Thyroid disorders. Having an under- or overactive thyroid gland can increase your risk of cardiomyopathy.
Hemochromatosis. This disorder causes the body to store excess iron, and it has been linked to an increased risk of dilated cardiomyopathy.
Diseases that affect the heart. Other diseases, such as a disorder that causes the buildup of abnormal proteins (amyloidosis), a disease that causes inflammation and can cause lumps of cells to grow in the heart and other organs (sarcoidosis), or connective tissue disorders can increase your risk of cardiomyopathy.

COMPLICATIONS

Having cardiomyopathy may lead to other heart conditions, including:

Heart failure. Heart failure means your heart can't pump enough blood to meet your body's needs. The thickened, stiffened or weakened heart muscle due to cardiomyopathy can become unable to pump or can stop blood from flowing out of the heart. Left untreated, heart failure can be life-threatening.
Blood clots. Because your heart can't pump effectively, you're more likely to have blood clots form in your heart if you have cardiomyopathy. If clots are pumped out of the heart and enter your bloodstream, they can block the blood flow to other organs, including your heart and brain.
To reduce your risk, your doctor may prescribe a blood thinner (anticoagulant medication), such as aspirin, clopidogrel (Plavix), apixaban (Eliquis), dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto) or warfarin (Coumadin, Jantoven).
Valve problems. Because people with cardiomyopathy have an enlarged heart, the heart valves may not close properly, leading to a backward flow of blood.
Cardiac arrest and sudden death.Cardiomyopathy can lead to abnormal heart rhythms. Some of these heart rhythms are too slow to keep blood flowing through your heart effectively, and some are too fast to allow the heart to beat properly. In either case, these abnormal heart rhythms can result in fainting or, in some cases, sudden death if your heart stops beating effectively.

Female sexual dysfunctions

2018-03-28T10:26:00.001+05:30

Persistent, recurrent problems with sexual response or desire — that distress you or strain your relationship with your partner — are known medically as female sexual dysfunction.

Many women experience problems with sexual function at some point in their lives. Female sexual dysfunction can occur at all stages of life, and it may be ongoing or happen only once in a while.

You may experience more than one type of female sexual dysfunction. Types include:

Low sexual desire. You have diminished libido, or lack of sex drive.
Sexual arousal disorder. Your desire for sex might be intact, but you have difficulty or are unable to become aroused or maintain arousal during sexual activity.
Orgasmic disorder. You have persistent or recurrent difficulty in achieving orgasm after sufficient sexual arousal and ongoing stimulation.
Sexual pain disorder. You have pain associated with sexual stimulation or vaginal contact.

Sexual response involves a complex interaction of physiology, emotions, experiences, beliefs, lifestyle and relationships. Disruption of any of these components can affect sexual drive, arousal or satisfaction. Fortunately, female sexual dysfunction is treatable.

SYMPTOMS

Female sexual dysfunction can happen at any age. Sexual problems often develop when your hormones are in flux — for example, after having a baby or during menopause. Sexual concerns may also occur with major illness, such as cancer, diabetes, or heart and blood vessel (cardiovascular) disease.

Your problems might be classified as female sexual dysfunction if you experience one or more of the following — and you're distressed about it:

Your desire to have sex is low or absent.
You can't maintain arousal during sexual activity, or you don't become aroused despite a desire to have sex.
You can't experience an orgasm.
You have pain during sexual contact.
CAUSES

Several factors contribute to sexual dissatisfaction or dysfunction. These factors tend to be interrelated.
- Physical. Examples of physical conditions that may contribute to sexual problems include arthritis, urinary or bowel difficulties, pelvic surgery, fatigue, headaches, other pain problems, and neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis. Certain medications, including some antidepressants, blood pressure medications, antihistamines and chemotherapy drugs, can decrease your sex drive and your body's ability to experience orgasm.
- Hormonal. Lower estrogen levels after menopause may lead to changes in your genital tissues and sexual responsiveness. The folds of skin that cover your genital area (labia) become thinner, exposing more of the clitoris. This increased exposure sometimes reduces the sensitivity of the clitoris.
  The vaginal lining also becomes thinner and less elastic, particularly if you're not sexually active, causing a need for more stimulation to relax and lubricate before intercourse. These factors can lead to painful intercourse (dyspareunia), and it may take longer to experience orgasm.
  Your body's hormone levels also shift after giving birth and during breast-feeding, which can lead to vaginal dryness and can affect your desire to have sex.
- Psychological and social. Untreated anxiety or depression can cause or contribute to sexual dysfunction, as can long-term stress. The worries of pregnancy and demands of being a new mother may have similar effects. Longstanding conflicts with your partner — about sex or other aspects of your relationship — can diminish your sexual responsiveness as well. Cultural and religious issues and problems with body image also may contribute.
  Emotional distress can be both a cause and a result of sexual dysfunction. Regardless of where the cycle began, you usually need to address relationship issues for treatment to be effective.
RISK FACTORS

Some factors may increase your risk of sexual dysfunction:
- Depression or anxiety
- Heart and blood vessel disease
- Neurological conditions, such as spinal cord injury or multiple sclerosis
- Liver or kidney failure
- Certain medications, such as antidepressants or high blood pressure medications
- Emotional or psychological stress, especially with regard to your relationship with your partner
- A history of sexual abuse

Cellulitis

2018-03-27T18:29:00.002+05:30

Cellulitis (sel-u-LIE-tis) is a common, potentially serious bacterial skin infection. Cellulitis appears as a swollen, red area of skin that feels hot and tender. It can spread rapidly to other parts of the body. Cellulitis isn't usually spread from person to person.

Skin on lower legs is most commonly affected, though cellulitis can occur anywhere on your body or face. Cellulitis might affect only your skin's surface. Or it might also affect tissues underlying your skin and can spread to your lymph nodes and bloodstream.

Left untreated, the spreading infection can rapidly turn life-threatening. It's important to seek immediate medical attention if cellulitis symptoms occur.

SYMPTOMS

Possible signs and symptoms of cellulitis, which usually occur on one side of the body, include:

Red area of skin that tends to expand
Swelling
Tenderness
Pain
Warmth
Fever
Red spots
Blisters
Skin dimpling
CAUSES

Cellulitis occurs when bacteria, most commonly streptococcus and staphylococcus, enter through a crack or break in your skin. The incidence of a more serious staphylococcus infection called methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is increasing.
Although cellulitis can occur anywhere on your body, the most common location is the lower leg. Bacteria is most likely to enter disrupted areas of skin, such as where you've had recent surgery, cuts, puncture wounds, an ulcer, athlete's foot or dermatitis.
Certain types of insect or spider bites also can transmit the bacteria that start the infection. Bacteria can also enter through areas of dry, flaky skin or swollen skin.

RISK FACTORS

Several factors can place you at greater risk of developing cellulitis:
- Injury. Any cut, fracture, burn or scrape gives bacteria an entry point.
- Weakened immune system. Conditions that weaken your immune system — such as diabetes, leukemia and HIV/AIDS — leave you more susceptible to infections. Certain medications, such as corticosteroids, also can weaken your immune system.
- Skin conditions. Skin disorders — such as eczema, athlete's foot, chickenpox and shingles — can cause breaks in the skin and give bacteria an entry point.
- Chronic swelling of your arms or legs (lymphedema). Swollen tissue may crack, leaving your skin vulnerable to bacterial infection.
- History of cellulitis. People who previously had cellulitis, especially of the lower leg, may be more prone to develop it again.
- Intravenous drug use. People who inject illegal drugs have a higher risk of developing cellulitis.
- Obesity. Being overweight or obese increases your risk of developing cellulitis and having recurring episodes.
COMPLICATIONS

The bacteria that cause cellulitis can spread rapidly, entering lymph nodes and your bloodstream. Recurrent episodes of cellulitis may damage the lymphatic drainage system and cause chronic swelling of the affected limb.
In rare cases, the infection can spread to the deep layer of tissue called the fascial lining. Flesh-eating strep (necrotizing fasciitis) is an example of a deep-layer infection. It represents an extreme emergency.

connection of hemofilter

2018-03-27T17:27:00.001+05:30

Cancer, Eye melanoma

2018-03-26T06:54:00.001+05:30

Melanoma is a type of cancer that develops in the cells that produce melanin — the pigment that gives your skin its color. Your eyes also have melanin-producing cells and can develop melanoma. Eye melanoma is also called ocular melanoma.

Most eye melanomas form in the part of the eye you can't see when looking in a mirror. This makes eye melanoma difficult to detect. In addition, eye melanoma typically doesn't cause early signs or symptoms.

Treatment is available for eye melanomas. Treatments for some small eye melanomas may not interfere with your vision. However, treatment for large eye melanomas typically causes some vision loss.

SYMPTOMS

Eye melanoma may not cause signs and symptoms. When they do occur, signs and symptoms of eye melanoma can include:

A growing dark spot on the iris
A sensation of flashing lights
A change in the shape of the dark circle (pupil) at the center of your eye
Poor or blurry vision in one eye
Loss of peripheral vision
Sensation of flashes and specs of dust in your vision (floaters)
CAUSES

It's not clear what causes eye melanoma, also called ocular melanoma. Doctors know that eye melanoma occurs when errors develop in the DNA of healthy eye cells. The DNA errors tell the cells to grow and multiply out of control, so the mutated cells go on living when they would normally die. The mutated cells accumulate in the eye and form an eye melanoma.

Where eye melanoma occurs
Eye melanoma most commonly develops in the cells of the uvea, the vascular layer of your eye sandwiched between the retina, the thin layer of tissue that lines the back inner wall of your eyeball, and the white of your eye (sclera). Eye melanoma can occur in the front part of the uvea (iris and ciliary body) or in the back part of the uvea (choroid layer).
Eye melanoma can also occur on the most outer layer on the front of the eye (conjunctiva), in the socket that surrounds the eyeball and on the eyelid, though these types of eye melanoma are very rare.

RISK FACTORS

Risk factors for primary melanoma of the eye include:
- Light eye color. People with blue eyes or green eyes have a greater risk of melanoma of the eye.
- Being white. White people have a greater risk of eye melanoma than do people of other races.
- Increasing age. The risk of eye melanoma increases with age.
- Certain inherited skin disorders. A condition called dysplastic nevus syndrome, which causes abnormal moles, may increase your risk of developing melanoma on your skin and in your eye. In addition, people with abnormal skin pigmentation involving the eyelids and adjacent tissues and increased pigmentation on their uvea — known as ocular melanocytosis — also have an increased risk of developing eye melanoma.
- Exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light.There's some evidence that exposure to UV light, such as light from the sun or from tanning beds, may increase the risk of eye melanoma.
COMPLICATIONS

Complications of eye melanoma may include:
- Increasing pressure within the eye (glaucoma). A growing eye melanoma may cause glaucoma. Signs and symptoms of glaucoma may include eye pain and redness, as well as blurry vision.
- Vision loss. Large eye melanomas often cause vision loss in the affected eye and can cause complications, such as retinal detachment, that also cause vision loss. Small eye melanomas can cause some vision loss if they occur in critical parts of the eye. You may have difficulty seeing in the center of your vision or on the side. Very advanced eye melanomas can cause complete vision loss.
- Eye melanoma that spreads beyond the eye. Eye melanoma can spread outside of the eye and to distant areas of the body, including the liver, lungs and bones.

Anxiety

2018-03-25T01:39:00.003+05:30

It's normal to feel anxious from time to time, especially if your life is stressful. However, excessive, ongoing anxiety and worry that interfere with day-to-day activities may be a sign of generalized anxiety disorder.

It's possible to develop generalized anxiety disorder as a child or an adult. Generalized anxiety disorder has symptoms that are similar to panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and other types of anxiety, but they're all different conditions.

Living with generalized anxiety disorder can be a long-term challenge. In many cases, it occurs along with other anxiety or mood disorders. In most cases, generalized anxiety disorder improves with medications or talk therapy (psychotherapy). Making lifestyle changes, learning coping skills and using relaxation techniques also can help.

SYMPTOMS

Generalized anxiety disorder symptoms can vary. They may include:

Persistent worrying or obsession about small or large concerns that's out of proportion to the impact of the event
Inability to set aside or let go of a worry
Inability to relax, restlessness, and feeling keyed up or on edge
Difficulty concentrating, or the feeling that your mind "goes blank"
Worrying about excessively worrying
Distress about making decisions for fear of making the wrong decision
Carrying every option in a situation all the way out to its possible negative conclusion
Difficulty handling uncertainty or indecisiveness

Physical signs and symptoms may include:

Fatigue
Irritability
Muscle tension or muscle aches
Trembling, feeling twitchy
Being easily startled
Trouble sleeping
Sweating
Nausea, diarrhea or irritable bowel syndrome
Headaches

There may be times when your worries don't completely consume you, but you still feel anxious even when there's no apparent reason. For example, you may feel intense worry about your safety or that of your loved ones, or you may have a general sense that something bad is about to happen.

Your anxiety, worry or physical symptoms cause you significant distress in social, work or other areas of your life. Worries can shift from one concern to another and may change with time and age.

Symptoms in children and teenagers

In addition to the symptoms above, children and teenagers who have generalized anxiety disorder may have excessive worries about:

Performance at school or sporting events
Being on time (punctuality)
Earthquakes, nuclear war or other catastrophic events

A child or teen with generalized anxiety disorder may also:

Feel overly anxious to fit in
Be a perfectionist
Redo tasks because they aren't perfect the first time
Spend excessive time doing homework
Lack confidence
Strive for approval
Require a lot of reassurance about performance
CAUSES

As with many mental health conditions, the exact cause of generalized anxiety disorderisn't fully understood, but it may include genetics as well as other risk factors.

RISK FACTORS

These factors may increase the risk of developing generalized anxiety disorder:
- Personality. A person whose temperament is timid or negative or who avoids anything dangerous may be more prone to generalized anxiety disorderthan others are.
- Genetics. Generalized anxiety disorder may run in families.
- Being female. Women are diagnosed with generalized anxiety disordersomewhat more often than men are.
COMPLICATIONS

Having generalized anxiety disorder does more than just make you worry. It can:
- Impair your ability to perform tasks quickly and efficiently because you have trouble concentrating
- Take your time and focus from other activities
- Sap your energy
- Disturb your sleep
Generalized anxiety disorder can also lead to or worsen other mental and physical health conditions, such as:
- Depression (which often occurs with generalized anxiety disorder)
- Substance abuse
- Trouble sleeping (insomnia)
- Digestive or bowel problems
- Headaches
- Heart-health issues

Short Trick

CBSE BOARD CLASS -12 PHYSICS MOST IMPORTANT QUESTIONS.

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Total seats in AIIMS and JIPMER

CHEMICAL KINETICS- FIRST ORDER REACTION

How to find number of atom in different mole.

Mesophyll Tissue

Corona virus

UPSC GS-2 paper

KREB CYCLE

Cross tolerance

Acute sinusitis

SYMPTOMS

Alcohol Intolerance

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Net capacitance

Arotic aneurysm

Angina

SYMPTOMS

Characteristics of stable angina

Characteristics of unstable angina (a medical emergency)

Angina in women

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Common signs and symptoms of a heart attack include:

Arotic valve regurgitation

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

How your heart works

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Child abuse (Challenging situation of Modern world).

SYMPTOMS

Physical abuse signs and symptoms

Sexual abuse signs and symptoms

Emotional abuse signs and symptoms

Neglect signs and symptoms

Parental behavior

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Physical issues

Behavioral issues

Emotional issues

Mental disorders

TREATMENTS AND DRUGS

Infant 👶 Jaundice

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

Other causes

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Acute bilirubin encephalopathy

Kernicterus

Cardiomyopathy

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Female sexual dysfunctions

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS

Cellulitis

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

connection of hemofilter

Cancer, Eye melanoma

SYMPTOMS

CAUSES

Where eye melanoma occurs

RISK FACTORS

COMPLICATIONS

Anxiety

SYMPTOMS