<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147</id><updated>2024-09-14T09:24:58.489-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sinan UYSAL</title><subtitle type='html'>Bilişim Teknolojileri Öğretmenleri</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>11</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-2224618891930364673</id><published>2009-05-01T06:50:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-03T14:32:32.473-08:00</updated><title type='text'>12.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;color:#003300;&quot;&gt;Http Üzerinden Web Servisi Oluşturma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Web servisi http üzerinden servis sağlayan uygulamalardan birisidir. Aktarılan bilgi xml formatındadır. Günümüzde önemli uygulamalardır. Web2 ve web3 kavramları farklılaşmış işlerin tek bir protokol üzerinden sağlanmasını sağlar. SGML dilinin özelleştirilmesiyle xml yapısı tanımlanmış ve www tarafından standartlaştırılmıştır. Bu şekilde veri yığınları etiketler arasında tanımlanır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Güvenlik Uygulama katmanı protokolü düz metin dosyaları taşır. Bunun olumsuzluklarından biri de güvenliktir. Düz metin dosyaları başkaları tarafından okunabilir. Güvenlikle ilgili ek yapılar olmadığından bu protokollerde güvenlik özelleştirilmiştir.Güvenliğin iki boyutu vardır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#000099;&quot;&gt;Simetrik Şifreleme:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Aktarılan veri yığınını anahtara bağlı olarak şifreliyor. Temel olarak belli bir algoritmaya değer girilerek sağlanır. Anahtarın karşı tarafça bilinmesi gerektiğinden güvenlik açığı vardır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Blow Fish:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Eski bir algoritmadır. Şifreleme için temel bir algoritmadır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Des:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; IBM tarafından veri şifreleme için geliştirilmiş olup pek tercih edilmez.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;3Des:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; des’in geliştirilmişidir. 3 ayrı anahtar kullanır. Günümüzde yaygın olarak kullanılan simetrik şifreleme standardıdır. Bankaların haberleşmesinde kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Idea:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; telif ücreti gerektiren bir şifreleme standardıdır. Pek yaygın değildir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;RC4 ve RC5:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Günümüzde kullanılan bir şifreleme standardıdır. Telif ücreti gerektirir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Twofish:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; gelişmiş bir algoritmadır. Simetrik şifrelemenin yeni neslini tanımlamaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;AES:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Yaygın olarak kullanılan şifrelemedir. Zip şifrelemede kullanılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#000099;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Asimetrik Şifreleme:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; günümüzde kullanılan bir şifrelemedir. Karşı tarafa anahtar taşıma problemini çözer. Ama işlemler zaman gerektirir. Anahtarı karşı tarafa asimetrik şifreli halde gönderiyoruz geri kalan bağlantıyı simetrik şifreleme ile yapıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;PKI:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Açık anahtar yapılanmasıdır. İstemcinin ve sunucunun güvenliği bir odağa bağlıdır. Güvenilen 3. bir kişi vardır. bu her iki tarafında onayladığı bir sertifika otoritesidir. Bu otorite özel ve genel anahtar üretiminde onay makamıdır. Kendi özel anahtarı ile gönderilen genel anahtarı alıp kendi standardında yeni bir genel anahtar elde edip gönderiyor. Her sertifikanın seri numarası ve algoritması bulunmaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#993300;&quot;&gt;Nesnelerin Ağ Üzerinden Aktarılma Protokolü&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#993300;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#009900;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;a) RTSP(gerçek zamanlı akış protokolü) komut yapısı&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Describe:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Listelere ulaşmak için kullanılan medya parametrelerini listeler.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Setup:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Oynatıcı ve kullanıcı arasında mantıksal bir kanaldır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Play:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; Sunucudan istemciye veri akışını başlatır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Record:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; İstemciden sunucuya veri aktarımını başlatır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Pause:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Veri aktarımını durdurur.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Teardown:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Veri aktarımı keser.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#009900;&quot;&gt;b) Volp:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; İnternet protokolü üzerinden ses aktarımı yapar. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;3. Katmanla ip üzerine yapılandırılmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;H323 protokolü:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;Telefon sinyallemesi yapar. Günümüzde pots sistemi yerine geçmiş telefon teknolojisidir. H323, bir bilgisayar ağı üzerinden sesli ve görüntülü iletişim sağlayan bir dizi protokolü tanımlayan, ITU-T tarafından belirlenen bir standarttır. H323 nispeten eski bir protokoldür ve günümüzde SIP – Oturum Başlatma Protokolü onun yerini almaktadır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#663300;&quot;&gt;H323 ile SIP protokollerinin karşılaştırılması&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;H323Monotik bir yapıdır.Rfc ile tanımlı değilTam bir protokoldür.Telefonlarla uyumludur.Mesaj formatı 2 li komutlarla yapılır.Adresleme yapısında direk telefon numarası kullanır.Arama sonlandırması komutla veya tcp bağlantısının kesilmesi ile gerçekleşir.Metin gönderimine izin vermez.Büyük ve kompleks bir yapıdır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#663300;&quot;&gt;SIP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;Moduler bir yapıdır.Rfc ile tanımlı.İletişimin nasıl kurulacağını tanımlar.Telefonlarla genelde uyumludur.Mesaj formatı düz metin veya ascii dirAdresleme yapısında URL tanımlanmıştır.Arama sonlandırması zaman aşımı veya komutla gerçekleşir.Metin gönderimine izin verir.Yeni gelişen küçük bir yapıdır. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/2224618891930364673/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/12hafta-http-uzerinden-web-servisi.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/2224618891930364673'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/2224618891930364673'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/12hafta-http-uzerinden-web-servisi.html' title='12.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-5731126055614383200</id><published>2009-05-01T06:08:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-03T15:00:34.305-08:00</updated><title type='text'>11.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo5qlbrfhzBp4gpjlzKqS3VI_scmyUU5lgqsNxux50EpbeQYWd6-JWOafAWqnS_2i7cNrwXip7jy2DS0qyoXCbiMOVFX9gI62irlNfvUIejFhrI5975zpKstH4Kb4m8-XfpIcKEQrE1LcM/s1600-h/1.jpg&quot;&gt;IIS ÜZERİNDEN&lt;br /&gt;YENİ WEB SİTESİ YAPMA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330842453316380610&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 429px; cursor: pointer; height: 322px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo5qlbrfhzBp4gpjlzKqS3VI_scmyUU5lgqsNxux50EpbeQYWd6-JWOafAWqnS_2i7cNrwXip7jy2DS0qyoXCbiMOVFX9gI62irlNfvUIejFhrI5975zpKstH4Kb4m8-XfpIcKEQrE1LcM/s320/1.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Bilgisayarım sağ tıklanır ve Bilgisayarı Yönet seçilirInternet Information Service kısmından web sitesi klasörüne tıklanır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330842757371450498&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 443px; cursor: pointer; height: 292px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgI8OFGf0NRtrJNq1QWcWpiylT6E7P8n6LkgcmpmXl1OiW6r5IftLNPKOptmdf2VcnGahvJGkz6xxRrSr_4h9IxsFzE0LOftCjuOitjvYyA6tDTIe4O7PtO3v6qqQf834qsdC0Q8-rhEah9/s320/2.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Web sitesi oluşturma sihirbazına hoşgeldiniz yazısından sonra ileri butonuna basılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843055566288306&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 444px; cursor: pointer; height: 333px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkM5r-UuxEFHN_Sy5McKTbU_oDE_9j_8U4D8HmVjswEwyv8S44f7a6MiJPsTb6re8Q7ylYY3wLiCf5ybYQ27BnRjEAQ7m02lNFQEtWAb4GFSbnupQSJfvgUKgJSwJHEJWOBe9UUxITDXDg/s320/3.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Web sitesi oluşturma sihirbazına hoşgeldiniz yazısından sonra ileri butonuna basılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843222728483634&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 460px; cursor: pointer; height: 286px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhpzWicxq8lke7P0tr3-fQtLVVsP4qq5csl0K6zYbVuXZ2fJQAgXkhwZT70T5y5GOvFony_fQeeWr1TfNOwTEjLEhmjJWPT9BNkoyo_dCXr4GPhww2ggX-ghR-Hatbx6OauopIBDq7sVvvE/s320/4.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Web sitesi için kullanılacak IP ve TCP bağlantı noktası seçilirana üst bilgisi www. kanarya.org olarak yazılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843404888698178&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 462px; cursor: pointer; height: 315px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwaR4EVbUX9nlPGjHnTxzWWcwCa-F0cazz2Gn9kUNyzTdPx66B_FF_Wnz5caHkhgt_CoWxUZ1HozRI_IKOUHmACJ0z-JVGNXvqOV_piOXnCkou1or6bQtrSjhFsJvy_ypqDcznXfJGdZEv/s320/5.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Web sitesi giriş dizini yazılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843539939624866&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 470px; cursor: pointer; height: 304px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhnn5-G8DU_FvAXbm3wbiVu6vbOVxyYMuv6Xe9yt2-NlzuEw0iEeXX7qxhhwZRV_-zkKGoo32v5pDauHaNfTOKTMWb37P0ckGRykHISWhIgdxq2GCPsA7fiRfamJ2tqTavBY-VSkfauDK0d/s320/6.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Web sitesi erişim izinleri belirlenip, ileri butonu tıklanır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843693137842626&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 478px; cursor: pointer; height: 310px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhYh_OBbe3UbB07S-iLy4Zt9ItfatQOR5xc0m34ib1shUV4EyUGahZGUC4DOdNH2Txm4yMg0anCYRXX-HcEAC7zoJoHicFQgA44AitUxLFqXrGGN1_68IpNr6lxVBpo41wHMr-PWujRRFay/s320/7.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;kanarya.org&#39;un özellikleri belirlenirweb sitesi kimlik bilgileri yazılır (IP ve TCP adresi)&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330843864155435634&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 482px; cursor: pointer; height: 314px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvAK6OOKHsEBbSgjm0DAYngGCmThxYIqzJugrpSfYT5H2TnRbN6OlShWg5ZuyX-STM2bYFymLzc5z2sYRJ4YTkPcv9E0BpehqkHlfgcaLYQ0gF1IL1elc8mVWRcRAzhu9V2jINEqjZT8M5/s320/8.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Kaynak içeriğinin alınması gereken yer belirleniruygulama ayarları yapılırçalıştırma izinleri ve uygulama havuzu belirlenir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330844025247689410&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 482px; cursor: pointer; height: 317px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjKg6CbZiRK4yzl0GcU7RYoN_UWtl3is4woT2XHriH80lQZE5EVWJImaiND9IGDS_iUX_CNL-jMZGQeXrbbICCVm5KNrw7TI9mEUmlrwszeP1LuETZ1-rCcwC5Eu2NfUV8D4Rn83ILVCiUS/s320/9.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;Uygulama yapılandırması yapılır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330844326673496738&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 482px; cursor: pointer; height: 294px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgEtBAOoVZmwpZvg9uI5nljejo1bfrSFspzw6jRPZWkMtIfyy91AU4m8TWmNYTW_rjHXGrKHq5P3NQGSbGVZLobVeyTn-AD9Smjvu092rXzqvI8d9RdT7SZYlA2CyZ261tpK79J0Ewblu0f/s320/10.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Uygulama uzantısı eşlemesi ekleme ve düzenle seçenekleri yapılırTüm filler seçilir. çalıştırılabilir ve dahil hat seçilir.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center; &quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330844528109801298&quot; style=&quot;display: block; margin-top: 0px; margin-right: auto; margin-bottom: 10px; margin-left: auto; width: 486px; cursor: pointer; height: 314px; text-align: center; &quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7uXaE34H_0dRoRbBnDYeeWIMoBUucW-5Dadewz3tcanCENHDTfvNa_smdtlGYjTknc3Zl3oEpGFdBFLwD6_1rdxsNatc8oiniKGeTt1ZvPsH_kJMu_k5GwASukd2biPwOsZ4IFxCJYlNK/s320/11.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Uygulama yapılandırması seçeneğinden ISAPI uzantılarını ön belleğe al kutucuğu tiklenirve &quot;tamam&quot; a tıklandıktan sonra web sitesi oluşturma tamamlanır.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/5731126055614383200/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/11hafta-iis-ile-web-sitesi.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/5731126055614383200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/5731126055614383200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/11hafta-iis-ile-web-sitesi.html' title='11.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgo5qlbrfhzBp4gpjlzKqS3VI_scmyUU5lgqsNxux50EpbeQYWd6-JWOafAWqnS_2i7cNrwXip7jy2DS0qyoXCbiMOVFX9gI62irlNfvUIejFhrI5975zpKstH4Kb4m8-XfpIcKEQrE1LcM/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-7469554314312305571</id><published>2009-05-01T05:43:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2011-02-03T15:01:14.155-08:00</updated><title type='text'>10.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://img165.imageshack.us/img165/410/mailseg1.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;KERİO KURULUM ANLATIMI&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 300px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 410px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://img165.imageshack.us/img165/410/mailseg1.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Domain özelliklerini ayarlayabiliyoruz. Giden gelen mesajlar için maksimum boyut kısıtlaması yapabiliriz. Mesajların silinmesinde belli bir süre belirleyebiliriz. Kerio spam dosyaları siler. Mesajları silerken belli bir gün tutulmasını sağlayabiliriz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Forwarding:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Gönderilen mesaj adresi bulamamışsa başka bir adrese gönderilmesini sağlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Footers:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Postanın nerden geldiğini alt bilgi olarak ekler. Yani buraya yazılan yazı gönderilen her metnin altına yazılır.Logo değiştirilebilir. Add domain den direk domain eklenebilir. Birisi birincil seçilir. Çünkü ilk geldiğinde nereye gideceği belirlenir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Spam Filter:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Puanlama yaparak spam olup olmadığına bakar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:#660000;&quot;&gt;Spam Assasion:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; Bunun bir veritabanı var ve mesajların gönderilebilmesini sağlıyor. Bunun ile dünya çapında gönderilen spam mesajlar tanınıyor.Antivirüs: Virüs programlarının kullanılabileceği virüs taramasının yapılacağı etkinlikleri belirleriz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sunucumuzu mail sunucusu olarak kullanmak için sunucunuzu yönetin seçeneğine tıklıyoruz ve DNS sunucusunu yönet seçeneğini seçiyoruz. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330837161234433074&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 375px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 245px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLqWBCjaab-y4ci7h019o-zmkemObtfcEwjMHwGOnD_Bl4kXA62vWmL_bGu_UPd2c1g6_Db7Yfil8VkXfGVXuLgaZVoz89DGT_f4LR9cyCNGgZEsANhJazLNhE-RZhAjQj-aZzk5ynvDZ9/s320/111.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Kanarya.net adı altında bir Yeni bir “mail exchanger(MX)” kaydı oluşturuyoruz. Bunu kanarya.net ana makinemize yönlendiriyoruz. Daha sonra Kerio Mailserver kurulumunu başlatıyoruz ve kurulumu tam olarak gerçekleştiriyoruz.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330838473946591074&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 380px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 241px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3kCnNii6ko6FmJ27_ZWQ-K2jAGiQjiI1mLy_T_KX-ThAx0MB6imYqT8N4Lf-A1Uxz04VNKCi4YLSHNi9-OhipvSo6jJJO-eifgMZC1ez-QMDJ0K4VxZ-Gv1L80yGpbwThq2NOvaD_QQ1u/s320/222.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Configürasyon penceresi karşımıza çıkıyor buradan domain olarak “kanarya.net” adını veriyoruz. Diğer seçeneğimiz “server” olarak kalıyor. İleri diyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330838624515114322&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 382px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 241px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEirI9Z2emmtfxcORfrMjzPKlO68V4Z_N-k4IA-fns-qIE2oCK7S-1gYVs2llLPo4Duo7Oj4vDTRBLYMV4z3nHgDCxtpGgHpNXoLeLjBwBd4p-tbF4Y2VOUVLuQ2lCc-Q8Wr-DQ6wa_0qmnU/s320/333.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bir parola belirliyoruz ve ileri diyoruz. İleri diyoruz ve bir sonraki adımda mail depolamak için nereye kullanacağımızı belirtiyoruz. Kurulumu bitiyoruz. Bundan sonra bilgisayarımızı bir mail sunucusu olarak kullanabiliriz.Bunun için Kerio yönetim konsoluna giriyoruz. Birkaç kullanıcı ekliyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330838777770719970&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 396px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 250px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLf5LEEC7mJYegeeF3ZK_Qgs3XYyX46A9yavaI0w3vIzWW5YL8wxaMUXikcrzJPxHKdqlJdY15gsMWcPzoy6xku7u4VekWOTbrWPNlFt0GlqbeOlEqUIZ8o6qdZFb0vVUtBWVVvgi4mc3K/s320/444.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Domain Settings’e girip “users” seçeneğini seçiyoruz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330839085618358498&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 394px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 243px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgF6Tarh1OcML5UTdRnnB0VaLNyIjEjviswG7k4onEGBQp_Pkgd967MxUoqpAs_zxBcugJbSM5Zpl_zGdnzuxesFdOcu_suyMnH2vJtHcvbj-lQw0vO7QZsuYCDhJD82PoBBjcL2Ew_g-w_/s320/555.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;Add diyerek kullanıcı ekliyoruz. Böylece bir mail hesabı oluşturuyoruz. Uygula diyerek eklediğimiz kullanıcıları kaydediyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330839317706561026&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 392px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 253px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi2QSWayFFa_3q0dLkBiJUtYzVEKPhVLZDaBwsu_nQaNlG7WIq53T8U29OY6R7tkXq1QWMS60MwjkTEz9JJ6b7QUoQfKFjvP6keY3FQQnAtC_F5JmJidFFL9m8I3Txlp8RxOY2lySBkA6fw/s320/666.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Eklediğimiz kullanıcılara erişmek için Outlook Expressi açıyoruz. Bir posta hesabı yaratıyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330839501684799874&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 390px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 262px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEho-UC-dB28RkCOZ8bS2bhsbM6UZhMRlchriHnVw0HL8y7mRnye0Tv_VuJ8ZoSokteJpvmflUkBJSK1CVEqRJrkjG7kY7erlbX5HbKai9sqpsLksDd6Yn2kz2ZKfFVDcAuTshgqbOjcHoQ0/s320/777.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;E-posta olarak sonuna “kanarya.net” ekliyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330839654282582418&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 390px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 265px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgn79NjlNZIDW2XQ81ualfhYMILSEQl8nzVia8tWii-RJ1-1cXcGDwAZ6h-c-EVD5CsYBz5Dm1cZFgringE8o-yu66hYk427-vJALilYmTYVZFsstL1caSf5vrHuhTgpqj2l9GU4viQaNv9/s320/888.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Mail sunucusu olarak kanarya.net i gösteriyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5330839847841496690&quot; style=&quot;DISPLAY: block; MARGIN: 0px auto 10px; WIDTH: 386px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 254px; TEXT-ALIGN: center&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjOMRFiMVpcZ_-2ZwSBV0Ojmhe0AfQNgRCSl7KC9No_GgitN5U5Db24if-9OaiuyTjoKIOamAwoIoIWRrr91asah3FWwtzydJUr-iyEKIIuy5vyqRjX7-wxzTo8Mvl9altDDvOLsyNlGogY/s320/999.JPG&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hesap adına adı ve parolayı giriyoruz. İleri ve son diyoruz.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/7469554314312305571/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/10haftakerio.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7469554314312305571'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7469554314312305571'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/05/10haftakerio.html' title='10.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLqWBCjaab-y4ci7h019o-zmkemObtfcEwjMHwGOnD_Bl4kXA62vWmL_bGu_UPd2c1g6_Db7Yfil8VkXfGVXuLgaZVoz89DGT_f4LR9cyCNGgZEsANhJazLNhE-RZhAjQj-aZzk5ynvDZ9/s72-c/111.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-2098748407985494118</id><published>2009-04-29T02:03:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-29T02:06:56.757-07:00</updated><title type='text'>9.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;       &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;HTML PROTOKOLU 2.BÖLUM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Varsayılan dip not&lt;/strong&gt;: Gönderilen bilgilere tanımlananan html dosyasının eklenmesidir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Dizin güveniği:&lt;/strong&gt; Klasör ile ilgili yetkilerin tanımlandığı bölümdür.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Anonim: &lt;/strong&gt;Bir tür erişim çeşidirir. Kullanıcı adı ve şifresi girilmez. &lt;em&gt;USS_WIN2003&lt;/em&gt; bu kullanıcı adı IIS kurulurken oluşturulur. Kullanıcı adı ve şifre ile de hizmet verilebilir. Ayrıca belirli bir ip aralığından bağlantılar cevap verilebilir.Bunlar gibi ayarlar yapılabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Daniel of service&lt;/strong&gt;: Servisten alı koymaktır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;İçerik derecelendirme: &lt;/strong&gt;Http üst bilgisi ile kullanıcılara bazı kategorilerde ne tür içerik olduğu gönderilebilir. Web tarayıcıardaki bu bilgi yığınına bakıp içeriki ksıtlaması yapılabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Mime türleri: &lt;/strong&gt;web sitesi ilk oluşturulduğunda tüm uzantıları desteklemez. Bazı uzantıların desteklenmesi için bunların tanımlanması gerekmektedir. Bunları Mime aracılığı ile yaparız. Hangi uzantıya hangi veri yığını göndereceğimizi tanımlanır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BITS: &lt;/strong&gt;Bir tür aktarımım biçimidir . Microsoft kullanır. BITS ile büyük boyutlu dosyalar daha kolay gönderilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ASP.net:&lt;/strong&gt; Asp sürümlerini tanımlayabiliriz. 1 ve 2 sürümlerinden hangisini kullanacağımızı belirleyebiliriz. Yapılan projenin asp ise dll dosyasının doğru şekilde yorumlanabilmesi için sürümünün seçildiği bölümdür.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ISAPI:&lt;/strong&gt; exe dosyası gibidir, DLL uzantılıdır. Bir dosyayı çalıştırılabilir olarak tanımladığımız zaman, DLL uzantılı bir dosyaya istek yapıldığı zaman o dosyanın içeri kullanıcıya gönderilmez. Dosya çalıştırılır, bir değer çıkar ve bu değer kullanıcıya gönderilir. DLL çalıştırılır ve kullanıcıya çıktısı gönderilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CGI: &lt;/strong&gt;Bir dosyanın içeriğini değil, o dosyayı çalıştırıp çıktısını kullanıcıya göndeririz.&lt;br /&gt;Bir exe dosyasının 1000 kez çalıştırılması gerekebilir. CGI performans problemlerine yol açmıştır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;2 tip ISAPI uygulaması vardır:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1. ISAPI uzantıları:&lt;/strong&gt; Belli bir uzantıda çalışır. GCI programlama güçlüğünü aşmak istediği yerlerde kullanır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;2. ISAPI filtreleri:&lt;/strong&gt; bir web sayfasının içeriğinin kullanılmasıdır. Gelen her içerik uygulamadan geçirilip kullanıcıya gönderilir. Tüm içerik kontrol edilir.&lt;br /&gt;WWW için CGI için arabirimlik yapar. Tamamen exe dosyalar yazmadan temel kod yığınlarıyla web sayfaları oluşturulabilir hale gelmiştir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;APACHE&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;APACHE de bir ISAPI’dir. Konsol tabanlıdır. Unix tabanlıdır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/2098748407985494118/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/9hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/2098748407985494118'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/2098748407985494118'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/9hafta.html' title='9.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-1969943568565447844</id><published>2009-04-22T14:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-22T14:28:23.203-07:00</updated><title type='text'>8.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;h3 style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot; class=&quot;post-title entry-title&quot;&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://profkan.blogspot.com/2009/04/http-protokolu.html&quot;&gt;HTTP Protokolü&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/h3&gt;   &lt;strong style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;HTTP Protokolü Genel Özellikleri&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;7. Katman protokollerine benzer.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Çok yaygın kullanılır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Ftp ye benzer.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Sunucudan, Client&#39; a veri gönderir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Eski sürümleri kalıcı bağlantıları desteklemez.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Tek port kullanır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Çok fazla sayıda aktarım yapar.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;Çok komuta cevap verir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Mesaj Başlıkları&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Cookie:&lt;/strong&gt; Sunucu istemciyi tanır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;User-agent:&lt;/strong&gt; İstemciye ait özellikler tanımlanır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accept:&lt;/strong&gt; İstemci tarafından yürütülen mesaj başlığıdır. &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accept- charset:&lt;/strong&gt; Kabul edebildiği karakter kümelerini sunucuya gönderir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Accept-encoding:&lt;/strong&gt; Kodlanan içeriği gösterir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Host:&lt;/strong&gt; Hangi sunucudan hizmet yapılıyorsa o bilgi gönderilir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Authorization:&lt;/strong&gt; Kimlik tanıtıcı standartları sunucuya bildirir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;color: rgb(153, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Sunucudan Gelen Bilgiler&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Server:&lt;/strong&gt; Sunucu bilgileri bulunur.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content-encouding:&lt;/strong&gt; Sunucudan gönderdiği içeriğin kodlanmasıdır.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content-length: &lt;/strong&gt;Sunucunun gönderdiği içeriğin uzunluğudur.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Content-type:&lt;/strong&gt; İçerik türüdür.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Last-modified:&lt;/strong&gt; İçeriğin en son değiştirildiği tarih-saati verir&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;HTTP Komutları&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;DELETE:&lt;/strong&gt; Web sayfasını siler.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;GET:&lt;/strong&gt; Dosya çağırma komutudur.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;OPTIONS:&lt;/strong&gt; Verdiğimiz komutun türünü belirtir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;HEAD:&lt;/strong&gt; Get komutuna benzer ancak sadece başlık bilgilerini gönderir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;PUT:&lt;/strong&gt; Bir web sayfasını saklamak üzere gönderir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;POST:&lt;/strong&gt; Postun farkı parametre içermesidir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;strong&gt;TRACE:&lt;/strong&gt; Web sunucularını kontrol etme işlemidir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/1969943568565447844/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/8hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/1969943568565447844'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/1969943568565447844'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/8hafta.html' title='8.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-7182110167544828578</id><published>2009-04-01T02:20:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-29T01:38:47.818-07:00</updated><title type='text'>7.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 153); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;FileZilla-FTP-HTTP Kullanımı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;1-) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot; href=&quot;http://bilgiislem.uludag.edu.tr/filezilla.php&quot;&gt;FileZilla Kurulumu Resimli Anlatım&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;2-) FTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;FTP (File Transfer Protocol) Internete bağlı bir bilgisayardan diğerine (her iki yönde de) dosya aktarımı yapmak için geliştirilen bir internet protokolü ve bu işi yapan uygulama programlarına verilen genel addır. İlk geliştirilen internet protokollerinden biridir. FTP protokolü ile bir başka bilgisayardan bir başka bilgisayara dosya aktarımı yapılırken, o bilgisayar ile etkileşimli-aynı anda (on-line) bağlantı kurulur ve protokol ile sağlanan bir dizi komutlar yardımıyla iki bilgisayar arasında dosya alma/gönderme işlemleri yapılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;FTP Protokolünün Özellikleri;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;*Kalıcı bağlantılar  kullanılabilir.&lt;br /&gt;*Veriler ve komutlar ayrı porttan aktarılır&lt;br /&gt;*Güvenlik  mekanizması sunar (istemci sunucuya kendini tanıtır)&lt;br /&gt;*Anonim bağlantılara izin  verir. Anonymous kullanıcı tanımlıdır. Ama bu hesap kapatılabilir.&lt;br /&gt;*Kota  bantları tanımlanır. Klasör,dizin için kota tanımlanır.&lt;br /&gt;*Bir çok web  serverinde,web yayınlanmasında dosya aktarımında ftp kullanılır.&lt;br /&gt;*Dosya  aktarmada kısıtlama getirilebilir.&lt;br /&gt;*FTPde mb,gb büyüklükte dosyalar aktarılır.  FTP, HTTPye göre daha az kullanıcıya hizmet eder.&lt;br /&gt;*Anonim kullanırken dosya  paylaşımı için bizden de dosya yüklememiz istenebilir( buna upload-download oranı  denir)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;*IP kısıtlanabilir.&lt;br /&gt;*Unix temelli bir protokoldür.&lt;br /&gt;*HTTP  sunucuları için dosya aktarımı sağlar.&lt;br /&gt;*Dosyaya ait tarih saat olgusu  sunmaz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;FTP yapmak için neler  gerekir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;FTP yapmak, bir bilgisayara FTP protokolü ile bağlanmak eylemini anlatan yarı Türkçe yarı İngilizce bir deyimdir. FTP yapmak için,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;ul&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;bağlanacağımız bilgisayarın internet  adresi (nümerik ya da sembolik formatta)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;bağlanacağımız bilgisayarda dosyalarına  ulaşmak istediğimiz hesapla ilgili kullanıcı numarası ve varsa  şifresi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;Internet erişimi olan, üzerinde FTP  yazılımı bulunan bir bilgisayar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;bağlanacağımız bilgisayarda, FTP protokol  komutlarını yorumlayacak çalışır durumda bir FTP Servis programı (FTP  Sitesi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;gereklidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;FTP ile nasıl  bağlantı sağlanır?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span&gt;Bağlantı, tanıtıcı adı (host name) veya internet numarası kullanılarak iki biçimde yapılabilmektedir. Ancak uygulamada daha sık olarak tanıtıcı adı kullanılmaktadır. Bağlantının yapılabilmesi için; ftp bağlanılmak istenen tanıtıcı ad formatı kullanılmaktadır. Bir makinayla olan bağlantıyı kapatıp diğer bir makinaya bağlanmak için önce close ile bağlantı kesilip, open makina ismi ile yeni bağlantı kurulur. FTP ile bağlantı kurulduktan sonra temel Unix komutları kullanılarak işl emler yapılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;FTP nasıl yapılır? Temel FTP komutları  nelerdir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Genel kullanım :  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(128, 0, 255);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ftp &lt;ftp&gt;&lt;/ftp&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;şeklindedir. Bundan sonra, ilgili bilgisayara bağlanıldığında, kullanıcı numarası ve parola (password) sorulur. Daha sonra da, o kullanıcının makinasına baglanılmış olur. Bu şekilde, etkileşimli bir ortamda, (genellikle &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;ftp&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt; ile gösterilir) bazı komutlar verilerek iki makina arasında dosya işlemleri, ayrıca bağlanılan makinada bazı temel dosya/disk işlemleri (dizin açma, dosya silme vb) yapılabilir. Bazı temel FTP komutları ve kısa tanımları aşağıda listelenmiştir.:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;FTP Cevap Kodları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1XX&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Komut başlatıldı . Ama tamamlanamadı.Ek kodla bilgilendirilecek&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;2XX &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;: Komut başlatıldı. İstek tamamlandı. Yeni konut gönderilebilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;3XX&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Komut başarılı, bitirilmesi için komut gerekliyse&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;komut istenir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;4XX &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;K&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;omut başarısız. İstemci aynı komutu verebilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;5XX&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; :&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; Komut başarısız. İstemci aynı komutu vermemeli &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;X0X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Söz dizimi hatası . Komut düzgün verilmemiş &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;X1X &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Bir bilgi işlemine cevaptır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;X2X&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Bağlantı durumu hakkında bir komutsa ona cevaptır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;X3X&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Ce&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;vap verilen komut hesap kontrol komutudur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;X4X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; : &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Tanımlanmamış&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;X5X &lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;: &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Sunucu dosya sistemi hakkında bilgi veriyor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Veri Aktarım Formatı :&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;2 şekilde&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Ascii :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;düz yazı modu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Binary :&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; ikili mod &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;FTP Komutları :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Erişim kontrol komutları :&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;User=&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;kullanıcı tanımlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Pass=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;şifre gönderme&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Acct=&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;kullanıcı hesabı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Cwd =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;çalışılan klasörü değiştirir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Cdup=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;bir üst klasöre gider&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Quit =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;çıkış. Bağlantı sonlandırır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Port=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;verinin aktarılacağı port &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Pasv=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; Verinin aktarılacağı port üzerinde sunucunun dinleme moduna geçmesini sağlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Type=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;verinin ifade edileceği format&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Strv=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;dosya yapısı hakkında bilgi verir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Servis Komutları&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Retr=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;su&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;nucu parametre olarak verilen dosyayı transfer eder. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Stor=&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;İstemciden bir dosyanın sunucudan kabul edilmesi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Stou=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;belirlenen klasördeki dosyayı tek bir isim barındıracak şekilde&lt;/span&gt; saklar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Appe=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;ilgili dosyaya ekler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Rest =&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;dosya aktarımında sorun olursa verilen parametreden devam edilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Rnfr=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Dosya ismi değiştirildiğinde kullanılır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Abor=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt; veri aktarımını iptal etmek için &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Dele=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;dosya siler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Rmd=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;klasör siler &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Mkd=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;klasör oluşturur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Pwd=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;çalışılan klasörü gösterir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Syst=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;sunucunun işletim sistemi bilgisini gösterir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Stat=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;bağlantı durumu hakkında bilgi verir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Help=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;yardım&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Noop=&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Zaman aşımında bağlantı kesilebilir işlem yapılmazsa,burada kullanılır&lt;/span&gt; . &lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Standart FTP komutları :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0); text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;cd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Dizin değiştirme (cd &lt;dizin&gt;) (cd .. : bulunulan  dizinden bir öndekine geçme)&lt;/dizin&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;pwd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Bulunulan  dizinin ismini verir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;dir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Bulunulan  dizindeki dosyaları listeleme&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ls&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Bulunulan  dizindeki dosyaları kisa olarak listeleme (Örnek kullanımlar :  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ls -lr&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : ayrıntılı, tersten alfabetik listeleme;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ls -lr  |more&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : sayfa sayfa listeleme  (dizin içinde cok fazla sayıda dosya varsa bu kullanım oldukça  yararlıdır))&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Dosya alma  (get &lt;dosya_adı&gt; (&lt;alındıktan_sonraki_adı&gt;).  (&lt;alındıktan_sonraki_adı&gt; seçimliktir, kullanılmayabilir. Bu durumda  dosya_adı aynen kullanılacaktır.&lt;/alındıktan_sonraki_adı&gt;&lt;/alındıktan_sonraki_adı&gt;&lt;/dosya_adı&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;put&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Dosya gönderme  (put &lt;dosya_adı&gt;  (&lt;göndereceğimiz_yerdeki_adı&gt;)&lt;/göndereceğimiz_yerdeki_adı&gt;&lt;/dosya_adı&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;mget&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Birden fazla  dosya almak istendiğinde kullanılır. Örnek kullanımlar: mget *.zip, mget a*.*  vb..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;mput&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Birden fazla  dosya göndermek istendiğinde kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;ascii&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : Dosya aktarımlarında aktarım modu olarak ASCII kullanılacağını  belirtme.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;binary&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;: Dosya aktarımlarında aktarım modu olarak BINARY kullanılacağını belirtme. Arşiv dosyaları (zip, arj, z, zoo, hqx vb), calıştırılabilir programlar (.exe, .com), resim formatlı programlar (gif, jpeg vb) FTP ile alınmadan/ya da gönderilmeden önce mutlaka bu komut verilmelidir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;delete&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;: FTP yapılan  yerde bir dosyayı silme (delete &lt;dosya&gt;, eğer yetkiniz varsa  kullanabileceğiniz bir komuttur)&lt;/dosya&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;Stat:&lt;/span&gt;Bağlantı durumu hakkında bilgi verir&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;Syst:&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Sunucunun işletim sistemi bilgisini  gösterir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;mkdir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;: FTP yapilan  yerde yeni bir dizin oluşturma (mkdir &lt;dizin&gt;, eğer yetkiniz varsa  kullanabileceğiniz bir komuttur)&lt;/dizin&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;rmdirtype:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : FTP yapılan  yerde boş bir dizini silme (rmdir &lt;dizin&gt;, eğer yetkiniz varsa  kullanabileceğiniz bir komuttur)&lt;/dizin&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;type:&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Verinin ifade edileceği formatı belirtmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;pasv:&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Verinin aktarılacağı port üzerinde sunucunun dinleme moduna geçmesini  sağlar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;help&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; :  Kullanılabilecek komutlar ile ilgili bir yardım ekranı  çıkarır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;strv:&lt;/span&gt;Dosya yapısı hakkında bilgi verir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;lcd&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : FTP ortamından  çıkmadan, kendi makinanızda dizin değiştirmenizi olanaklı  kılar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;close&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : FTP  ortamından çıkmadan, sadece ilgili bağlantıyı kapatmak için  kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 128);&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;quit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt; : FTP  ortamından çıkmak ve bağlantıyı kapatmak için kullanılır (bye komutu da aynı işi  görür).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Bazı FTP merkezleri, tüm bir dizini sıkıştırarak gönderme kabiliyetine sahiptir. Söz gelimi, linux isimli bir alt dizini, GET linux linux.zip şeklinde sıkıştırılmış olarak alabiliriz. Ancak, bu özellik her FTP merkezinde olmayabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3-) &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;HTTP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;HTTP (İngilizce Hypertext Transfer Protocol, Türkçe Hipermetin Aktarma İletişim Kuralı) bir kaynaktan dağıtılan ve ortak kullanıma açık olan hiperortam bilgi sistemleri için uygulama seviyesinde bir iletişim kuralıdır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:Red;&quot;&gt;Geçmişi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HTTP, 1990 yılından beri Dünya Çapında Ağ (WWW) üzerinde küresel bilgi girişimi için kullanılmaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HTTP/0.9 olarak anılan ilk sürüm HTTP İnternet üzerinden ham verinin taşınması amaçlı, basit bir iletişim kuralıydı. RFC 1945 dahilinde tanımlanan HTTP/1.0, taşınan verinin meta-bilgilerini ve istek/cevap semantiği düzenleyicilerini içeren ve MIME ilgileri taşıyan mesajların taşınabilmesi gibi yenilikler ile bir önceki sürümü genişletmiştir. Yine de HTTP/1.0 hierarşik vekil sunucuların (proxy), önbelleğin, kalıcı bağlantı ihtiyaçlarının ve sanal sunucuların etkilerini göz önünde bulundurmada yetersiz kalmaktaydı. Ek olarak, HTTP/1.0 olarak anılan uygulamaların, tam olarak kesinleştirilememiş yöntemleri, birbirleriyle iletişim içinde bulunan iki uygulamanın kapasitelerinin tam olarak anlaşılması için yetersiz kalmakta ve bu sürümün bir yeniliğe gidilme ihtiyacını zorunlu kılmaktaydı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HTTP/1.1 olarak bilinen bu yeni sürüm, iletişim kuralının güvenilir bir biçimde uygulanmasında ihtiyaç duyulan dizisel gereksinimleri içermekte ve 1.0 sürümüne sahip iletişim kuralından daha güvenli olarak görülmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Uygulamalı bilgi sistemleri, basit bir şekilde bilgi almaktan çok daha fazla uygulamaya ihtiyaç duyar. Bu uygulamalar arama, son kullanıcı arayüzünün güncellenmesi ve etkileşimli olarak bilgi girişi gibi işlevleri de gerektirmektedir. HTTP, bir isteğin amacının ne olduğunu anlatan bir takım açık uçlu yöntemler ve üstbilgi kullanımına izin vermektedir. Bir tekbiçimli kaynak tanımlayıcısı, yer belirleyici ya da kaynak ismi tarafından sağlanan kaynağa, bir yöntemin uygulanışını bildiren bir dizi kural üzerine kurulmuştur. Gönderiler, Çok Amaçlı İnternet Posta Uzantıları tarafından tanımlandığı ve İnternet postasında kullanılana benzer bir biçimde aktarılmaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;HTTP aynı zamanda, SMTP, NNTP, FTP, Gopher ve WAIS iletişim kurallarını destekleyen İnternet sistemleri ile kullanıcı istemcileri, vekil sunucular ve Geçitler arasında iletişim için özelleştirilmiş bir iletişim kuralı olarak da kullanılır. Bu haliyle HTTP, muhtelif uygulamalar tarafından sağlanan kaynaklara, basit hiperortam erişimine izin vermektedir. Günümüzde hayatın önemli bir parçası haline gelen İnternet, HTTP sayesinde her türlü bilgiye sorunsuz erişimi kolay kılmaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Ayrıntılı incelemek için &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot; href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Http&quot;&gt;Tıklayınız. (Http kodları ve kullanımı)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/7182110167544828578/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/7hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7182110167544828578'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7182110167544828578'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/7hafta.html' title='7.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-89575140087790069</id><published>2009-04-01T02:05:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-04-01T02:19:45.613-07:00</updated><title type='text'>6. Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center; font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;DHCP  PROTOKOLÜ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;DHCP protokolü ,RFC 2131 dosyasında tanımlanmıştır. Büyük ağlarda IP adresleri konfigüre etmek problem oluşturur. DHCP, ağdaki makinalara IP adresi,ağ geçidi veya DNS sunucusu gibi ayarları otomatik olarak yapılandıran bir internet protokolüdür. 7. katmana aittir. İstemci-sunucu modeline dayanır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;Apple-tab-span&quot; style=&quot;white-space: pre;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Bir TCP/IP ağındaki makinelere IP adresi, ağ geçidi veya DNS sunucusu gibi ayarların otomatik olarak yapılması için kullanılır. DHCP&#39;nin en büyük avantajlarından biri IP adreslerini kısıtlı bir süre için vermesidir. Bu sayede, DHCP iadesi yapılmamış olsa bile bir IP adresi tekrar tekrar kullanılabilir, ve IP havuzu ekonomik bir şekilde kullanılmış olur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;Apple-style-span&quot; style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;ÖRNEK BİR DHCP KURULUMU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;IP adresi:  10.0.0.5/24&lt;br /&gt;Ağ geçidi : 10.0.0.1&lt;br /&gt;Adres Havuzu : 10.0.0.50 ile  10.0.0.200&lt;br /&gt;Sınırlanan IP&#39;ler () :  10.0.0.60-10.0.0.75&lt;br /&gt;10.0.0.90-10.0.0.120&lt;br /&gt;10.0.0.180-10.0.0.190&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ayırma  : Mac adresi : fbfbfbfbfbfb&lt;br /&gt;IP adresi : 10.0.0.10&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Sunucu Yönetden /  Rol Ekle-Kaldır/-&gt;/ DHCP seç/-&gt;/ Pc adımız Server &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;olarak ayarlayalım.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAzUmYuerNHJ-BK8wAC0ZSLIe2ixr_hasAxJ1qtzDG084KK3AHK1h_4a1XyYU7aP0cX30-XMaTRO7yikqqetXUYnmclZrJxdpiVUvPpb-EM4DZ-vbyMWiBGbSxg_jLUjLV79PxmxmYYuHs/s1600-h/1.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 242px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAzUmYuerNHJ-BK8wAC0ZSLIe2ixr_hasAxJ1qtzDG084KK3AHK1h_4a1XyYU7aP0cX30-XMaTRO7yikqqetXUYnmclZrJxdpiVUvPpb-EM4DZ-vbyMWiBGbSxg_jLUjLV79PxmxmYYuHs/s320/1.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319647381051479138&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmO_PpeElGMdclSxql_G-idLNYHCn5k56_ufecRim538LMR6435ilXNP7jjwmV4rc45uu6PozJ44fQjTXK6NkTB1l_A79ngzo10TI2u2tsNiK-_NRq7SIRLqxiGknzgigECXFXzy0eZDu/s1600-h/2.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 246px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEitmO_PpeElGMdclSxql_G-idLNYHCn5k56_ufecRim538LMR6435ilXNP7jjwmV4rc45uu6PozJ44fQjTXK6NkTB1l_A79ngzo10TI2u2tsNiK-_NRq7SIRLqxiGknzgigECXFXzy0eZDu/s320/2.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319647517486505138&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;IP Adres  Aralığı Penceresinde&lt;br /&gt;Başlangıç IP Adresi : 10.0.0.50&lt;br /&gt;Bitiş IP Adresi :  10.0.0.200&lt;br /&gt;Uzunluk : 24 bit/yani 255.255.255.0  yaptık.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7b6gCnZsw34S8xZ6TQBN7trEt2Y1r2bUbkAsnKet5w5CABszk3VUCKMFkl7hK73qk2-Tu6mrYAragfgeQyB8VimM3zfXW-2cljlsPX25tDQLhcCIB1U_NQ6wB1FVIiftJL4G_Wo2B0WNH/s1600-h/3.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 245px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg7b6gCnZsw34S8xZ6TQBN7trEt2Y1r2bUbkAsnKet5w5CABszk3VUCKMFkl7hK73qk2-Tu6mrYAragfgeQyB8VimM3zfXW-2cljlsPX25tDQLhcCIB1U_NQ6wB1FVIiftJL4G_Wo2B0WNH/s320/3.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319647667435205026&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Dışarda Kalanları Ekle  Penceresinde&lt;br /&gt;10.0.0.60-10.0.0.75&lt;br /&gt;10.0.0.90-10.0.0.120&lt;br /&gt;10.0.0.180-10.0.0.190  aralıkları girdik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmGbu1GZD8X_oEZ3mYBipwWpwXaESXZn-DL00N6kBJZBNXqdSeDD4Fk7kHd9mEdEZaJY95qAx6yNk08qm0y7pr5Ty8b7saiU4DdFVpOptkBoanMz-ExnwhowX7sshm4t9FL51oph6DQFFa/s1600-h/4.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 245px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhmGbu1GZD8X_oEZ3mYBipwWpwXaESXZn-DL00N6kBJZBNXqdSeDD4Fk7kHd9mEdEZaJY95qAx6yNk08qm0y7pr5Ty8b7saiU4DdFVpOptkBoanMz-ExnwhowX7sshm4t9FL51oph6DQFFa/s320/4.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319648082664897266&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Kira Süresini 8 gün olarak  ayarladık&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAYC25cftgmDKhSY6OgZRv_rOcCOFPBhd6sEI6ca6319WZ1aPL0maVyV6gqGAs7mQHdl9S9uXlgXEfv7E8HTChwiPcSwUG9HQ4WQgmkVdNgh_ttxavtGFcPhVuUS1PMhk5zAGhOaWih-r/s1600-h/5.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 244px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEibAYC25cftgmDKhSY6OgZRv_rOcCOFPBhd6sEI6ca6319WZ1aPL0maVyV6gqGAs7mQHdl9S9uXlgXEfv7E8HTChwiPcSwUG9HQ4WQgmkVdNgh_ttxavtGFcPhVuUS1PMhk5zAGhOaWih-r/s320/5.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319648502233568754&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Yönlendirici (Varsayılan Ağ Geçidi ) 10.0.0.1 olarak  ekledik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4OPRZfi4eqjFVIbHGWbFQOdcU89CH2iXY71JktOuKJ6vKDcbpaWfGrmoze2072S5fI_Bu3XsOJ6uz7PP2No6GGWvb5tGiSNUqMS5otsxW_nWZ1cyb11r2FsEHydGHmgO2nCXi6lXIvIf0/s1600-h/6.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh4OPRZfi4eqjFVIbHGWbFQOdcU89CH2iXY71JktOuKJ6vKDcbpaWfGrmoze2072S5fI_Bu3XsOJ6uz7PP2No6GGWvb5tGiSNUqMS5otsxW_nWZ1cyb11r2FsEHydGHmgO2nCXi6lXIvIf0/s320/6.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319648380272919074&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Bundan sonra ; Başlat/ Denetim Masası/ Ağ Bağlantıları/Yerel Ağ Bağlantısından açılan pencerede özellikleri seçtikten sonra TCP/IP yi üzerinden kendi bilgisayarımızın IP’sini 10.0.0.5 , alt ağ maskesini 255.255.255.0 , ağ geçidini 10.0.0.1 olarak ayarladık.&lt;br /&gt;DHCP sunucusunuYönetten/ DHCP penceresi açılır. Adres havuzunu tıkladığımızda başlangıç bitiş IPleri ve dışarda bırakılan IPleri görebildik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_YzAl92zNPt99sCK6_AnpGgwAPiwFfULvsLkmQwnvhS1nhG59-ee6QfKB4MfNxPIqbFwRWr8CtvZc6o3yHiZkhjaMVScBOWeW-Sd7buW7OZCBufIMOn3WE1LncFlMqFyKYeDQNA2F14qq/s1600-h/7.JPG&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 304px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg_YzAl92zNPt99sCK6_AnpGgwAPiwFfULvsLkmQwnvhS1nhG59-ee6QfKB4MfNxPIqbFwRWr8CtvZc6o3yHiZkhjaMVScBOWeW-Sd7buW7OZCBufIMOn3WE1LncFlMqFyKYeDQNA2F14qq/s320/7.JPG&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5319648782612813938&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Ayırmayı sağ tıklayıp, Yeni Ayırma ile&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Ayırma Adı :  fenerbahçe&lt;br /&gt;IP adresi : 10.0.0.10 Make adresi : fbfbfbfbfbfb  yazdık.&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/89575140087790069/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/6-hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/89575140087790069'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/89575140087790069'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/04/6-hafta.html' title='6. Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAzUmYuerNHJ-BK8wAC0ZSLIe2ixr_hasAxJ1qtzDG084KK3AHK1h_4a1XyYU7aP0cX30-XMaTRO7yikqqetXUYnmclZrJxdpiVUvPpb-EM4DZ-vbyMWiBGbSxg_jLUjLV79PxmxmYYuHs/s72-c/1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-8287133900779841832</id><published>2009-03-10T10:59:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2009-03-10T12:55:42.391-07:00</updated><title type='text'>5. Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Online Konu Anlatımları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;1-) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.frmtr.com/windows-isletim-sistemi/1291535-windows-server-2003-kurulumu-resimli.html&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Windows Server 2003 - Kurulumu Resimli Anlatım.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;2-) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sistemhocasi.com/konya-mcse-amp-mcitp-3-grup/883-dhcp-nedir-dhcp-kurulumu-resimli-anlatim.html&quot;&gt;Dhcp nedir ve Kurulumu Resimli Anlatım.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;3-) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/6803955/DHCP-Kurulumu-Resimli-Anlatm&quot;&gt;Dhcp Kurulumu Anlatımı.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;4-)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/6803955/DHCP-Kurulumu-Resimli-Anlatm&quot;&gt; &lt;/a&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot; href=&quot;http://esersolmaz.com/www/index.php?option=com_content&amp;amp;view=article&amp;amp;id=130:dns-domain-name-system-&amp;amp;catid=34:windows-servers&amp;amp;Itemid=18&quot;&gt;DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM ) Resimli Anlatımı.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;DNS (DOMAIN NAME SYSTEM ) KAVRAMLARI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;CNAME nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Cname kullanım amacı ise bir IP adresine birden fazla host adı atayarak her iki isimde de sorgulandığında aynı IP adresine çözümleme yapmasını sağlar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;SOA nedir? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Herhangi bir Zone dosyası içinde oluşan ilk kayıttır. Zone için Primary DNS Name Server tipini ve Administrator’a ait e-mail bilgisi tanımlanır. Replication için özel bilgileri tutar. Domain adını host ismine çözümleme işlemini yapar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;SRV nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Servis adını Host adına ve port numarasına çözümlemek için kullanılır.&lt;br /&gt;Örnegin ; _tcp._ldap.cozumpark.com &gt; mail.cozumpark.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;NS nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tüm Forward ve Reserve Loopup Zone ler içinde bir NS record görünür. Her bir zone için DNS server tanımlamalarında yardımcı olarak, Domain adını host adına çevirmek için kullanılır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;MX nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;SMTP mail server’larına yardımcı olan bir kayıt tipidir. Host ismine çözümleme yapar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;PTR nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bir IP adresine karşılık gelen Host ismini öğrenmek için oluşturulur. DNS içindeki Reverse Lookup Zone bölümünde bulunur. Opsiyenel olan bu zone ve kayıt  özellikle nslookup komutlarında ip si bilinen DNS sunucularının isimlerini öğrenmek sorgulara cevap verir. Ama asıl görevi ise büyük ölçekli domainlerden mail gelir ken domainnizde olup olmadığı kontrol edilmesidir. Eğer var ise sorun yok mail normal olarak gelir ama yoksa genelde junk yada spam a düşebilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;NS nedir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tüm Forward ve Reserve Loopup Zone ler içinde bir NS record görünür. Her bir zone için DNS server tanımlamalarında yardımcı olarak, Domain adını host adına çevirmek için kullanılır.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/8287133900779841832/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/03/windows-server-2003-kurulumu-resimli.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/8287133900779841832'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/8287133900779841832'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/03/windows-server-2003-kurulumu-resimli.html' title='5. Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-7655025285782914675</id><published>2009-02-26T03:51:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-26T04:44:40.148-08:00</updated><title type='text'>4.Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(153, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;Port Nedir?&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(153, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;(4.Katman)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Bilgisayar ve telekomünikasyon dünyasında, &quot;port&quot; denildiği zaman akla ilk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;gelen genellikle fiziksel bağlantıda kullanılan ara birimlerdir. Bu tür &quot;port&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;lar üzerinden bağlanmış herhangi bir makinaya &quot;data&quot; gönderilebilir ve bu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;makinanın işleyişi kontrol edilebilir. Örneğin, tipik bir bilgisayarda bir veya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;birden fazla &quot;seri port&quot; bir tane de &quot;paralel port&quot; bulunur. Adından da&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;anlaşılacağı gibi &quot;seri port&quot; dan bilgiler seri (her defasında bir bit) olarak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;gönderilir ve bu tür &quot;port&quot; lara genellikle tarayıcı (scanner) gibi cihazlar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;takılır. Her defasında birden çok bit göndermek içinse &quot;paralel port&quot; kullanı-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;lır. Bu tip &quot;port&quot; lara da yazıcı (printer) veya &quot;paralel port&quot; bağlantısı olan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;herhangi bir cihaz takılabilir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Bizi ilgilendiren ve çoğunlukla İnternet dünyasında kullanılan &quot;port&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;kavramı ise yukardaki tanımdan biraz daha soyut bir kavramdir. Bu anlamda &quot;port&quot;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(ki dokümainin sonuna kadar &quot;port&quot; bu anlamda kullanılacaktir) herhangi bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;fiziksel bağlantı yeri değil, mantıksal bir bağlanma şeklidir. Şöyle ki:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Günümüz dünyasında birçok işletim sistemi birden fazla programın aynı anda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;çalışmasına izin vermektedir. Bu programlardan bazıları dışarıdan gelen&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;istekleri (istemci-client/request) kabul etmekte ve uygun gördüklerine cevap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;(sunucu-server/response) vermektedir. Sunucu programları çalışan bilgisayarlara&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;birer adres verilir (bknz. IP adresleri) ve bu adresler kullanılarak istenilen &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;bilgisayarlara ulaşılır. Peki, ulaşılan bir bilgisayar üzerindeki hangi sunucu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;programdan hizmet alınmak istendiği nasıl belirtilir?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Bunun için bilgisayarlar üzerinde birtakım soyut bağlantı noktaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;tanımlanır ve herbirine, adresleyebilmek için positif bir sayı verilir (port&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;numarası). Bazı sunucu programları, daha önce herkes tarafından bilinen &quot;port&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;lardan hizmet verirken (örn: telnet-&gt;23. port) bazıları da sunucu programını&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;çalıştıran kişinin türüne ve isteğine göre değişik &quot;port&quot; lardan hizmet verir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Dolayısıyla, ağ üzerindeki herhangi bir sunucu programa bağlanmak istenildiğin-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;de, programın çalıştığı bilgisayarın adresinin yanında istekleri kabul ettiği&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&quot;port&quot; numarasını da vermek gerekir. Örnek verecek olursak:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;144.122.156.104 &quot;IP&quot; adresine sahip makinada (orca) çalışan &quot;telnet&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;sunucu programına (23. &quot;port&quot; dan hizmet veren) bağlanmak için aşağıdaki satır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;yazılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;telnet 144.122.156.104 23&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Daha önce de belirttiğimiz gibi bazı sunucu programların belirli &quot;port&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;lardan hizmet verdiği bilindiği için, bu sunuculara bağlanmak istediğimizde,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&quot;port&quot; numarasını vermeye gerek kalmaz. Bu durumda yukardaki satır&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;telnet 144.122.156.104&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;şeklinde de yazılabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;ContentArea&quot;&gt;                                            &lt;div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;topic&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;mainSection&quot;&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;mainBody&quot;&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;color: rgb(204, 0, 0);&quot; class=&quot;heading&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Kullanıcı Veri Birimi Protokolü (UDP)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;sectionSection0&quot; class=&quot;section&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Kullanıcı Datagram Protokolü (UDP), RFC 768 &quot;User Datagram Protocol (UDP)&quot; belgesinde tanımlanan bir TCP/IP standardıdır. TCP/IP ana bilgisayarları arasında hızlı, az yükle ve düşük güvenilirlikli veri taşıma için bazı programlar tarafından TCP yerine UDP kullanılmaktadır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; UDP bağlanma gerektirmeyen ve herhangi bir veri biriminin teslimini veya sıralı oluşunu garanti etmeyen bir en iyi performans teslim hizmeti sunar. Güvenilir iletişime gereksinim duyan bir kaynak ana bilgisayar, TCP hizmetini veya kendi sıraya koyma ve alındı bildirimi hizmetlerini sağlayan bir program kullanmak zorundadır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Aşağıdaki resimde gösterildiği gibi UDP iletileri IP veri birimlerine yerleştirilip gönderilir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;IP datagramına UDP katma&quot; src=&quot;http://i.technet.microsoft.com/cc785220.4d740ebb-38af-4cc0-8dde-ecc7dabe2b6d%28tr-tr%29.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold;&quot; class=&quot;heading&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;UDP bağlantı noktaları&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;sectionSection1&quot; class=&quot;section&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;UDP bağlantı noktaları, UDP iletilerinin gönderilmesi ve alınması için bir konum sağlarlar. UDP bağlantı noktaları, her protokol bağlantı noktasıyla belirtilen programa yönelik tüm veri birimlerinin alınması için tek bir ileti sırası işlevini görür. Bunun anlamı UDP tabanlı programların aynı anda birden çok ileti alabilmesidir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;UDP kullanan her programın sunucu yanı kendilerine ayrılan bağlantı noktalarında gelecek iletileri bekler. 1,024 değerinden küçük (ve bazı daha büyük) UDP sunucu bağlantı noktası numaraları Internet Atanmış Numaralar Yetkilisi (IANA) tarafından ayrılmış ve kayıt altına alınmıştır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Her UDP sunucu bağlantı noktası ayrılmış veya iyi bilinen bir bağlantı noktası numarasıyla tanıtılır. Aşağıdaki tabloda standart UDP tabanlı programların kullandığı bazı iyi bilinen UDP sunucu bağlantı noktaları gösterilmiştir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;               &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;UDP bağlantı noktası numarası&lt;/span&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;Açıklama&lt;/span&gt;               &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;53&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;DNS ad sorguları&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;69&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Basit Dosya Aktarım Protokolü (TFTP)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;137&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;NetBIOS ad hizmeti&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;138&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;NetBIOS veri birimi hizmeti&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;161&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Basit Ağ Yönetimi Protokolü (SNMP)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;520&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Yönlendirme Bilgisi Protokolü (RIP)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0); font-weight: bold; font-family: times new roman;&quot; class=&quot;heading&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;UDP ve TCP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div id=&quot;sectionSection2&quot; class=&quot;section&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Genelde UDP ile TCP’nin veri teslim yöntemleri arasındaki fark telefonla aramayla postayla kart gönderme arasındaki farka benzer. TCP hedefin erişilebilir ve iletişime hazır olduğunu doğrulayarak bir telefon çağrısı gibi çalışır. UDP ise kart gibi işler; iletiler küçüktür ve teslimat büyük olasılıkla gerçekleşir fakat bu asla garanti edilemez.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; UDP genelde bir seferde küçük miktarlarda veri ileten veya gerçek zamanlı işlemlere gereksinim duyan programlar tarafından kullanılır. Bu durumlarda UDP’nin düşük üstbilgi yükü ve çok noktaya yayın yetenekleri (örneğin bir veri birimi için birden çok alıcı) TCP’den daha elverişlidir. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; UDP, TCP’nin sağladığı hizmet ve özelliklerle tam karşıttır. Aşağıdaki tabloda verilerin taşınmasında UDP veya TCP kullanılmasına bağlı olarak TCP/IP iletişiminin nasıl işlendiği gösterilmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;table&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;th&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 153, 0);&quot;&gt;UDP              &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/th&gt;&lt;th&gt;                &lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 153, 0);&quot;&gt;TCP&lt;/span&gt;              &lt;/th&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bağlanma olmadan verilen hizmet; ana bilgisayarlar arasında oturum açılmaz.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bağlanarak verilen hizmet; ana bilgisayarlar arasında oturum açılır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;UDP verilerin sırasını veya teslimini garanti etmez veya doğrulamaz.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;TCP, doğrulamayla verinin hedefe ulaşmasını ve verilerin sıralı teslimini garanti altına alır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;UDP kullanan programlar verilerin taşınması için gerekli güvenilirliği kendileri sağlamak zorundadır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;TCP kullanan programlara güvenli veri taşıma garantisi sağlanır.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;tr style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;UDP hızlıdır, ek yükü azdır, noktadan noktaya ve noktan birden çok noktaya iletişimi destekleyebilir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;p&gt;TCP daha yavaştır, ek yükü fazladır ve yalnızca noktadan noktaya iletişimi destekler.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt; UDP de, TCP de, her TCP/IP programı için iletişimi tanımlamak üzer bağlantı noktalarını kullanır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);font-family:times new roman;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;arP - Adres Çözümleme Protokolü&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: normal;font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;IP yığınında, adres çözümlemesi yapan protokoller vardır. Adres çözümleme      protokolü (ARP) IP adreslerinin fiziksel adreslere dönüştürülmesi sağlar ve      bu fiziksel adresleri üst katmanlardan gizler. &lt;/span&gt;    &lt;/p&gt;&lt;center&gt;       &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;     Genelde ARP, ARP belleği olarak bilinen haritalama tabloları ile çalışır.      Tablo, bir IP adres ile bir fiziksel adres arasında haritalama yapılmasını      sağlar. Bir LAN’da (Ethernet veya IEEE 802 ağı gibi), ARP hedef IP adresini      alır ve haritalama tablosundan bunun karşıladığı hedef fiziksel adresi arar.      Eğer ARP adresi bulursa, bulduğu fiziksel adresi; isteği yapan cihaza      yollar. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;   &lt;center&gt;       &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;      Gerekli adres ARP belleğinden bulunamazsa, ARP modülü ağa bir yayın      yapar. Yayına ARP request denir. Bu yayın bir IP hedef adresi içerir. Netice      olarak yayını alan cihazlardan biri ARP request’teki IP adresinin kendisine      ait olduğunu sezerse, isteği yapan host’a bir ARP reply gönderir. Bu      çerçeve, sorgulanan host’un fiziksel donanım adresini içerir. İsteği yapan      host bu çerçeveyi alınca onu kendi ARP belleğine yerleştirir. Daha sonra, bu      belirli IP adresine gönderilecek datagramlar belleğe başvurularak fiziksel      adrese dönüştürülebilir. Sonuç olarak ARP sistemi isteği yapan host’un,      başka bir host’un fiziksel adresini, onun IP adresi ile bulmasına olanak      sağlar. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;   &lt;center&gt;       &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;      ARP isteği ve cevabı kavramları Şekil      5’de gösterilmiştir. A host’u      C’nin fiziksel adresini bulmak istemektedir. A bu yüzden B, C, D’ye datagram      yayınlar. Bu yayına yalnızca C cevap verir çünkü gelen ARP istek      datagramında kendi IP adresinin olduğunu görür. C host’u kendi adresini ARP      cevabı formunda bir IP datagramına yerleştirir. &lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;   &lt;center&gt;       &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;img style=&quot;width: 314px; height: 167px;&quot; src=&quot;http://cekirdek.uludag.org.tr/%7Emeren/belgeler/arp/sek5-7.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;   &lt;center&gt;       &lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Şekil 5-ARP İsteği ve Cevabı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/center&gt; &lt;/center&gt;                                                        &lt;p align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;      ARP, IP adreslerini fiziksel adreslere haritalaması yanında, özel donanım      tiplerinin tanımlanmasına da izin verir. Böylece sorgulanan host ARP      datagramı alınca, datagramdaki bir alana bakarak, cihazın hangi tipte bir      donanım kullandığını (bir Ethernet arabirimi veya paket radyo gibi)      anlayabilir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-transform: uppercase;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: rgb(102, 0, 0);&quot;&gt;directed ARP (DARP)&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(255, 0, 0);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;   &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Aynı link seviye arayüzü aracılığıyla iki IP ağında arayüzü bulunan bir yönlendirici, bu iki IP ağının aynı link düzeyindeki ağı paylaştığını bilir ve bu bilgiyi sunuculara (ICMP Redirects yoluyla) ve yönlendiricilere ( dinamik routing protokolleri yoluyla) bildirir Ama, herhangi bir taraftaki IP ağındaki sunucu veya yönlendirici, yabancı IP ağdaki IP adreslerine kendine uygun link düzey adreslerine çevirebildiği sürece bu bilgiyi diğer ağdaki sunucular ve yönlendiricilerle iletişim için kullanmaz. DARP, sunuculara ve yönlendiricilere, bildirilen, potansiyel geçiş IP adreslerinin , link düzey adresleri birleştirilen yabancı ağlarda çözümü için imkan tanıyan dinamik bir adres çözümleme prosedürüdür. DARP, normal ARP paket formatını kullanır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;                                                                                                                            &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/7655025285782914675/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/4hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7655025285782914675'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7655025285782914675'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/4hafta.html' title='4.Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-6312059254865837708</id><published>2009-02-24T14:24:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-02-26T03:49:59.619-08:00</updated><title type='text'>3. Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-weight: bold; color: rgb(0, 51, 0);font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Bilgisayar Ağları Nasıl Çalışır?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://www.mtuncel.com/ethernet_files/metcalfe_diagrami.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 280px; height: 147px;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.mtuncel.com/ethernet_files/metcalfe_diagrami.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; content=&quot;Word.Document&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Generator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Originator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;File-List&quot; 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font-family: times new roman;&quot;&gt;Ethernet Xerox  firmasının Palo Alto araştırma merkezinde 1970&#39;li yıllarda Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe tarafından geliştirildi. Metcalfe &quot;geleceğin ofisi&quot; projesi üzerinde çalışıyordu ve elinin altında dünyanın ilk workstation bilgisayarlarından biri olan Xerox Alto bilgisayarlar bulunuyordu.  &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify; font-family: times new roman;&quot;&gt;1972 yılının sonlarında, Metcalfe ve Xerox&#39;ta çalışan iş arkadaşları Xerox Alto&#39;ları birbirine bağlamak için deneysel olarak Ethernet&#39;i geliştirdiler. Böylece Alto bilgisayarlar diğer sunucular ve lazer yazıcılar birbiriyle haberleşebiliyordu. İlk Ethernetin çalışma hızı Alto&#39;larla uyumlu olması için Alto&#39;nun çalışma hızı ile aynı tutulmuş ve sonuçta ağ 2.94 Mega Bit/Saniye hızında çalışmıştır. İlk ethernet tek parça bir koaksiyel kablo kullanıyordu.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; content=&quot;Word.Document&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Generator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Originator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;link style=&quot;font-family: times new roman;&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;link style=&quot;font-family: times new roman;&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot;&gt;&lt;link style=&quot;font-family: times new roman;&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;0&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Normal&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 7&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 8&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;9&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;heading 9&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 7&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 8&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 9&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;35&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;10&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;11&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Strong&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt; 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	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;    &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify; font-family: times new roman;&quot;&gt;Bu diyagram...Dr. Robert M. Metcalfe tarafından 1976 yılının haziran ayında National Computer Conferance&#39;da ethernetin doğuşu sırasında çizildi.&lt;br /&gt;Ethernetin doğuşundan beri bu diyagramdaki temellere dayanan kullanım süregeldi. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt;İsterseniz günümüzde hemen hemen her ofiste görebileceğiniz bir bilgisayar ağını ele alarak, bilgisayar ağlarının temel çalışma prensiplerini inceleyelim.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt;Firmanın ismi Sinan UYSAL A.Ş. olsun. Ofiste Windows 2000 yüklü bilgisayarlar var. Windows 2000 ağ özelliklerini sağlayan bir işletim sistemi, bu da onu OS(Operating System-İşletim Sistemi) olmanın yanısıra bir de NOS(Network Operating System-Ağ İşletim Sistemi) yapıyor. 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name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 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font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Kablolar&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://aktifsirket.com/images/20081019141304.CAT5%5B1%5D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 211px; height: 184px;&quot; src=&quot;http://aktifsirket.com/images/20081019141304.CAT5%5B1%5D.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;75&quot; preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;pic3_2&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-.3pt;&quot; allowoverlap=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\SINANU~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot; href=&quot;http://www.turkcenet.org/yerel_res/3_2.jpg&quot;&gt;  &lt;w:wrap type=&quot;square&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Ağ ilk başta bilgisayarlar arasında fiziksel bir bağlantıya ihtiyaç duyar. Böylece veri bitleri bilgisayarlar arasında aktarılabilir. Günümüzde bir çok ağ altta gördüğünüze benzer unshielded twisted pair-kaplamasız dolanmış çift (UTP) kabloyu kullanıyor. Bu tip kablo 4 veya 8 telden oluşuyor ve bu teller birbirine dolanmış çiftler halinde. Unutmayın farklı kablo tipleri, hatta kablosuz teknolojiler de kullanılabilir, burada amacımız, ağ&#39;ın çalışabilmesi için veriyi aktaracak bir ortama ihtiyacı olduğunu kavramanız.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-family: times new roman;&quot;&gt;Kablo Çeşitleri&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt;Kablosuz çözümlerin artan popülaritesine rağmen bilgisayar ağlarının çok büyük bir bölümü bağlantı için hala bir çeşit kablo kullanmaktadır. Bu sayfada günümüz networklerinde kullanılan kabloların yapısına göz atacağız. Bu sayfada hangi ağ teknolojisi ne tip kablo kullanıyor veya 100 Mbit cross kablo nasıl yapılır gibi ayrıntılara girmeden genel olarak kabloları tanımaya çalışacağız.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; Bilgisayar ağlarında kullanılan kablo tipleri şunlardır:&lt;/span&gt;    &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 1. Koaksiyel Kablo (Coaxial Cable)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 1.1. RG-8&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 1.2. RG-6 (Ağlarda kullanılmasa da bilmemiz gerekiyor.)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 1.3. RG-58&lt;/span&gt;   &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 2. Dolanmış Çift Kablo (Twisted Pair Cable)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 2.1. Kaplamalı Dolanmış Çift (Shielded Twisted Pair-STP)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 2.2  Kaplamasız Dolanmış Çift (Unshielded Twisted Pair-UTP)&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family:times new roman;&quot;&gt; 3. Fiber Optik Kablo (Fiber Optic Cable) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; content=&quot;Word.Document&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Generator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Originator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;File-List&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;themeData&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;w:worddocument&gt;   &lt;w:view&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;   &lt;w:zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;   &lt;w:trackmoves/&gt;   &lt;w:trackformatting/&gt;   &lt;w:hyphenationzone&gt;21&lt;/w:HyphenationZone&gt; 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name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt; 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	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Normal Tablo&quot;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ağ kartı&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ethernet_NIC_100Mbit_PCI.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 376px; height: 295px;&quot; src=&quot;http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/6/60/Ethernet_NIC_100Mbit_PCI.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Ağın çalışmasını sağlayan diğer bir bileşen ise Network Interface Card(NIC) - Ağ Kartı&#39;dır. Sık sık ethernet kartı deriz, aslında ağ kartı demek daha doğru. Bu bir &quot;generic name&quot; haline gelmiş. Nasıl margarin yerine &quot;sana yağ&quot; diyorsak, ağ kartları içinde &quot;ethernet&quot; türü tartışmasız en yaygın tür olduğu için, ağ kartı ethernet kartına dönüşmüş. Ancak başka ağ teknolojilerinde çalışmak üzere üretilmiş ağ kartları da mevcut. Sonuç olarak ağ kartı genel bir tanım, ethernet ise bir alt tür, ama en yaygın olanı. Ağ kartları çok değişik tipte olabilirler ama PAK Tic.&#39;in kullandıkları ve sizinde kullanacaklarınız mutemelen aşağıdakine benzeyecektir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;ProgId&quot; content=&quot;Word.Document&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Generator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;meta name=&quot;Originator&quot; content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;File-List&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;themeData&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot;&gt;&lt;link rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot; href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt; 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priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 8&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; name=&quot;toc 9&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;35&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;caption&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;10&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;11&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;22&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Strong&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;20&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;0&quot; name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;59&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Revision&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;34&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;29&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;30&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt; 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	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Peki ağ kartının görevi ne? Bilgisayarlar verileri ikilik sayı sisteminde yani 1 ve 0&#39;lar olarak işler ve saklarlar. Ağ kartları da sayısal(dijital) veriyi elektrik, ışık veya radyo sinyalleri olarak diğer sistemlere iletme görevini yerine getirir. 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priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;19&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;21&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 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	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapedefaults ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1027&quot;&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;  &lt;o:shapelayout ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;   &lt;o:idmap ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;&gt;  &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;text-align: justify; color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;MAC adresi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Her ağ kartı içinde üretilirken kaydedilmiş ve dündaya bir eşi olmayan bir numara mevcuttur. Media access control address (MAC) olarak adlandırılan bu adres 48 bit&#39;tir. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ağ kartları bir diğer ağ kartına veri yollarken alıcıyı diğerlerinden ayırmak için bu MAC adresini kullanır. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Ağ kartı üreten firmalar, önce IEEE (Institue of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) isimli kuruma başvurur ve 24 bit&#39;lik bir üretici kodu(her üreticiye farklı kod veriliyor) alırlar. Sonra ürettikleri her karta ilk 24 biti üretici kodu, son 24 biti ise her kartta farklı olacak şekilde MAC adresini koyarlar.  &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:rect id=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; style=&quot;&#39;position:absolute;left:0;text-align:left;margin-left:-3.75pt;&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;position: absolute; z-index: 251678720; left: 0px; margin-left: -6px; margin-top: 30px; width: 446px; height: 74px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/SINANU%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; shapes=&quot;_x0000_s1026&quot; width=&quot;446&quot; height=&quot;74&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Bir ağ kartı MAC adresi şu şekilde olabilir:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 106.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;MAC Adresi&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;110011110110111011101111&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;           &lt;/span&gt;011101111011011101110001&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;Üretici kodu&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;Kart seri numarası&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Tabii bu şekilde ikili sistemdeki sayıların okunması insanlar için zor olduğundan MAC adresleri onaltılı sayı sistemine çevrilerek ifade edilir. Tipik bir MAC adresi &lt;strong&gt;00-50-05-1A-00-AF&lt;/strong&gt; şeklindedir. Hexadecimal(yani 16&#39;lı sayı sisteminde) olan bu adreste her bir rakam (mesela &lt;strong&gt;B&lt;/strong&gt;) 4 bite karşılık gelir.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;smalltext&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0);&quot;&gt;UTP Kablo Yapımı&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Kablolamada uymamız gereken, daha doğrusu bizden sonra müdehele edecek kişinin işini kolaylaştırmak için bazı standartlar vardır.&lt;br /&gt;EIA/TIA isimli kuruluş &quot;EIA/TIA -568-A &#39;Commercial Building Wiring Standard&#39; &quot; isimli kablolama ile ilgili standartları belirlemiştir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 153, 0);&quot;&gt;Düz Kablolamada&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;standardımız iki ucunda 568A veya 568B olmasıdır. Yani:&lt;br /&gt;568A&lt;-&gt;568A veya 568B&lt;-&gt;568B&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 153, 0);&quot;&gt;Cross (Çapraz) Kablolamada&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/strong&gt;isi iki ucun birbirinden farklı olmasıdır. Yani:&lt;br /&gt;568A&lt;-&gt;568B&lt;br /&gt;İki bilgisayarı birbirine direk bağlamak için Çapraz bağlantı seçilir. Düz bağlantı ise Hub veya Switch yardımı ile ağ oluşturmada kullanılır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Bahsettiğimiz 568A ve 568B ise CAT5 kablomuzdaki renk sırasısıdır.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(0, 102, 0); font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;*** 568 A ya göre Bağlama ***&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://img505.imageshack.us/img505/5278/53049036ky5.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 96px; height: 287px;&quot; src=&quot;http://img505.imageshack.us/img505/5278/53049036ky5.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt; 1-Yeşil-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2-Yeşil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3-Turuncu-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4-Mavi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5-Mavi-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6-Turuncu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7-Kahverengi-Bayaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8-Kahverengi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://img442.imageshack.us/img442/4900/74162785mu0.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 100px; height: 287px;&quot; src=&quot;http://img442.imageshack.us/img442/4900/74162785mu0.gif&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;1-Turuncu-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2-Turuncu&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3-Yeşil-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4-Mavi&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5-Mavi-Beyaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6-Yeşil&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7-Kahverengi-Bayaz&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8-Kahverengi &lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/6312059254865837708/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/2-hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/6312059254865837708'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/6312059254865837708'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/2-hafta.html' title='3. Hafta'/><author><name>G060606027 Sinan UYSAL</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/05795056735683908694</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-2886917924572481147.post-7947411446063940054</id><published>2009-02-24T11:32:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2009-05-12T13:54:55.370-07:00</updated><title type='text'>1. ve 2. Hafta</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:180%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;Bilgisayar ağı ve çeşitleri nelerdir ? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Bir çok bilgisayarın haberleşmesini sağlayan sisteme bilgisayar ağı denir. Bilgisayar ağlarının yapıları farklı olabilir .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAN (Local Area Network - Yerel Alan Bilgisayar Ağı)&lt;br /&gt;Bilgisayarların birbirlerine direkt olarak kablolarla bağlanmasıyla oluşan ağ.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;WAN (Wide Area &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;Network - Geniş Alan Bilgisayar Ağı)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;LAN&#39;ların birbirine bağlanmasıyla oluşan ağ. Bağlantı uydu teknolojisi ile de sağlanabilir, ama günümüzde maliyet açısından genellikle kiralık telefon hatları tercih edilmektedir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Farklı yapılardaki yerel iletişim ağları birbirlerine daha geniş bir ağ aracılığı ile bağlanabilirler. Oluşan bu geniş sistem&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;e ağlararası ağ anlamına gelen Internet (Internetwork) denir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Word.Document&quot; name=&quot;ProgId&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Generator&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Originator&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso&quot; rel=&quot;Edit-Time-Data&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} &lt;/style&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Verdana; 	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:162; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;} h1 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 1 Char&quot;; 	mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0cm; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0cm; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	mso-outline-level:1; 	font-size:24.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;} h2 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 2 Char&quot;; 	mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0cm; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0cm; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	mso-outline-level:2; 	font-size:18.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;} span.Balk1Char 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Başlık 1 Char&quot;; 	mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-locked:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 1&quot;; 	mso-ansi-font-size:24.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:24.0pt; 	mso-font-kerning:18.0pt; 	font-weight:bold;} span.Balk2Char 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Başlık 2 Char&quot;; 	mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-locked:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 2&quot;; 	mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt; 	font-weight:bold;} span.spelle 	{mso-style-name:spelle; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal;font-family:&#39;;font-size:85%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;AĞ TOPOLOJ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal; COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)font-size:85%;&quot; &gt;İLERİ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = o /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;To&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;pology&lt;/span&gt; (yerleşim ve bağlantı biçimi), bilgisayarların birbirine nasıl bağlandıklarını tanımlayan genel bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;terimdir. Yaygın olarak kullanılan &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt; türleri şunlardır: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;Bu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;s &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;-Ring -Star -&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;Mesh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://www.gokhanbakir.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/topoloji.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;WIDTH: 417px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 271px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.gokhanbakir.com/wp-content/uploads/2009/01/topoloji.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Bus&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt;, bilgisayarların bir ana kablo ile birbirine bağlandığı şekildir. Ring &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt; ise bir halka biçiminde bilgisayarların birbirine bağlanmasıdır. Star &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt; ise bilgisayarların bir merkezi a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;ygıt aracılığıyla birbirine bağlandığı şekildir. &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Mesh&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt; ise bütün bilgisayarların birbirine bağlandığı bir bağlantı biçimidir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Mesh&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&#39;nin&lt;/span&gt; yaygın olarak kullanılmadığını görüyoruz. Bunun nedeni gereksiz yere çok sayıda bağlantının yapılmasıdır. Günümüzde en yaygın olarak Star &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt; türünün seçildiğini görüyoruz. Bunun başlıca nedeni merkezi bir aygıttan dağıtılan &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;kablolama&lt;/span&gt; şekli, fiyat ve performans gibi özelliklerdir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-family:&#39;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;A. BUS T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-family:&#39;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;OP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;OLOJİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Bus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; yerleşim biçimi doğrusal bir hat olarak bilinir. Bütün makinelerin tek bir kabloya bağlı oldukları bir ağ türüdür. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/~sadi/dersler/projeler/grafikler/bus.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;WIDTH: 351px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 172px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://yunus.hacettepe.edu.tr/%7Esadi/dersler/projeler/grafikler/bus.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Word.Document&quot; name=&quot;ProgId&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Generator&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Originator&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_editdata.mso&quot; rel=&quot;Edit-Time-Data&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; v\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} o\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} w\:* {behavior:url(#default#VML);} .shape {behavior:url(#default#VML);} &lt;/style&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;?xml:namespace prefix = v /&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; spt=&quot;75&quot; coordsize = &quot;21600,21600&quot; filled = &quot;f&quot; path = &quot; m@4@5 l@4@11@9@11@9@5 xe&quot;&gt;&lt;v:stroke&gt;&lt;v:formulas&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:formulas&gt;&lt;v:path connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;_x0000_i1025&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot;&gt;&lt;v:imagedata title=&quot;n-101-3-1&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\SINANU~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Bus&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;topology&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; için söylenebilecek bütün teknik ayrıntılar Ethernet teknolojisine bağlıdır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:+0;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;B. STAR TOPOLOJİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Star yerleşim biçiminde bilgisayarlar merkezi biçimde konuşlandırılan bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bağlı olarak çalışırlar. Bilgisayarlar tarafından üretilen sinyaller önce &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; ulaşırlar ardından diğer bilgisayarlara ulaştırılırlar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Star yerleşim biçimde bütün bilgisayarlar bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bağlıdır. Diğer bir deyişle bütün bilgisayarlara &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;tan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bir kablo çekilir. Bu merkezi dağıtım sistemi yıldız yerleşim biçimde her bilgisayara özel bir kablo çekilmesini böylece herhan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;gi bir kablo arızasının sadece o bilgisayarı etkilemesi sağlar. Böylece tüm &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; çökmez. Ancak merkezi dağıtım birim &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;ın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bozulması durumunda ise bütün &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; çöker. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Star, en eski yerleşim biçimlerindendir. İlk olarak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;PBX (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;private&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Branch&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Exchanges&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;) olarak adlandırılan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;analog&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; ve sayısal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;anatharlama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; aygıtları olarak kar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;şımız çıkmışlardır. Star yerleşim biçiminde bütün istasyonlar merkezi bir noktaya bağlıdırlar. Buna &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&quot; denir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Star topoloji bugün &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;bus&#39;in&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; yerine geçmiş ve UTP (genellikle &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Twisted&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Pair&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; kablo) kablo ile birlikte yaygın olarak kullanılmaktadır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://www.sistemuzmani.com/Makaleler/Resimler/1000000018_image027.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; WIDTH: 324px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 280px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://www.sistemuzmani.com/Makaleler/Resimler/1000000018_image027.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Fiziksel Star-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Wired&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; Ring yerleşim biçiminde ise birden çok &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; kullanılır.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Hub&#39;a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bağlı bilgisayarlar Star yerleşim biçimini oluştururlar.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Bu yerleşim biçimin şu üstünlükleri vardır: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-Tek bir kablo sorununun bütün &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;network&#39;ü&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; etkilememesi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-Daha iyi bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; yönetimi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;N&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;etwork&#39;e&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; PC eklemek ve çıkarmak kolay.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Bu yerleşim biçiminin zayıf yönleri ise şunlardır: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-Bütün birimlerin bağlı olduğu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;hub&#39;ın&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; bir sorunu bütün &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;  style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;network&#39;ü&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt; etkiler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;-Bütün birimler için tek bir kablo hattının çekilmesi maliyeti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:+0;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;C. RİNG TOPOLOJİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Word.Document&quot; name=&quot;ProgId&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Generator&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Originator&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;} span.spelle 	{mso-style-name:spelle; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;Ring (halka) yerleşim biçiminde bilgisayarlar bir halka biçiminde birbirine bağlıdır. Herhangi bir sonlandırma işlemi yapılmaz. Sinyaller bir döngü içinde dönerler. Bununla birlikte halka yerleşim biçimi aktif bir &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;network&#39;tür&lt;/span&gt;. Diğer bir deyişle halka üzerinde yer alan bilgisayarlar verinin ve sinyallerin iletilmesinden sorumludurlar. Bu nedenle halkada yer alan bir bilgisayarın arızalanması bütün &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;network&#39;ün&lt;/span&gt; çökmesi anlamına gelir. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)&quot;&gt;Halka yerleşim biçiminde sinyallerin dolaşımını kontrol etmek için &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;token&lt;/span&gt; adı verilen bir bilgi kullanılır. &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Token&lt;/span&gt; bilgisayarlar arasında dolaşır. Sinyal gönderecek bilgisayar bulunduğunda &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;token&lt;/span&gt; o bilgisayar tarafından değiştirilir ve diğer bilgisayarı bulması için sinyalle birlikte yollanır. &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://mysystem.org/network/networktr/photos/ring.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;WIDTH: 253px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 196px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://mysystem.org/network/networktr/photos/ring.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Word.Document&quot; name=&quot;ProgId&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Generator&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Originator&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;} span.spelle 	{mso-style-name:spelle; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;Ring yerleşim biçimi fiziksel olarak bir Star biçimindedir. Ama &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;network&lt;/span&gt; mantıksal olarak Ring olarak çalışır. Bu işlem merkezi bir MAU (&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Multistation&lt;/span&gt; Access &lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot;&gt;Unit&lt;/span&gt;) aygıt tarafından yapılır. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;text/html; charset=utf-8&quot; equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Word.Document&quot; name=&quot;ProgId&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Generator&quot;&gt;&lt;meta content=&quot;Microsoft Word 12&quot; name=&quot;Originator&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_filelist.xml&quot; rel=&quot;File-List&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_themedata.thmx&quot; rel=&quot;themeData&quot;&gt;&lt;link href=&quot;file:///C:%5CUsers%5CSINANU%7E1%5CAppData%5CLocal%5CTemp%5Cmsohtmlclip1%5C01%5Cclip_colorschememapping.xml&quot; rel=&quot;colorSchemeMapping&quot;&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:0 0 0 0 0 0;} @font-face 	{font-family:Verdana; 	panose-1:2 11 6 4 3 5 4 4 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:162; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 	mso-font-signature:-1593833729 1073750107 16 0 415 0;}  /* Style Definitions */  p.MsoNormal, li.MsoNormal, div.MsoNormal 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	margin:0cm; 	margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:12.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;;} h2 	{mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 2 Char&quot;; 	mso-margin-top-alt:auto; 	margin-right:0cm; 	mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; 	margin-left:0cm; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	mso-outline-level:2; 	font-size:18.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;,&quot;serif&quot;;} span.Balk2Char 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Başlık 2 Char&quot;; 	mso-style-unhide:no; 	mso-style-locked:yes; 	mso-style-link:&quot;Başlık 2&quot;; 	mso-ansi-font-size:18.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:18.0pt; 	font-weight:bold;} span.spelle 	{mso-style-name:spelle; 	mso-style-unhide:no;} .MsoChpDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	mso-default-props:yes; 	font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-ansi-font-size:10.0pt; 	mso-bidi-font-size:10.0pt;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt 70.85pt; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family:&#39;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(102,0,0)font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal&quot;&gt;D. MESH&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal;font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;Her noktanın birbirine bağlandığı çok güvenli bir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;network&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt; sistemi olan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;mesh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt; yerleşim biçimi tamamen &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;ya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt; da kısmen oluşturulabilir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;spelle&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Mesh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt; yerleşim biçimine pek rastlanmaz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(0,0,102);font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;OPTİK İLETİŞİM YÖNTEMİ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,0,102)font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Optik iletişim, haberleşme için ışık kullanılan iletişim tekniğidir. İletişim ortamı fiber optik kablo olup mesajlar taraflar arasında optik fiberler üzerinden ışık darbeleri ile gönderilir ve alınır.&lt;br /&gt;Işığın mesaj göndermek için kullanımı uzun bir geçmişe sahip olmasına rağmen, 1880 yılında&lt;br /&gt;Alexander Graham Bell’in güneş ışığının yoğunluğunu modüle ederek birkaç yüz metre öteye&lt;br /&gt;mesaj gönderebildiği fototelefonu (photophone) yapmasıyla teknolojide bir devrim yaşanmıştır. 1880 yılının sonlarından 1960 yılının başlarına kadar düşük kapasiteli ve kısa mesafeli optik iletişim kullanılagelmiştir.&lt;br /&gt;1960’larda lazerin keşfi, 1970’lerde düşük kayıplı optik fiberin geliştirilmesi, 1980’lerde uzun ömürlü yarıiletken lazer diyodların kullanımına başlanması ve&lt;br /&gt;1990’larda pratik optik kuvvetlendiricilerin geliştirilmesi optik iletişimde yeni bir dönemin&lt;br /&gt;başlamasına neden olmuştur.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: normal;font-size:130%;&quot; &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold;font-size:100%;&quot; &gt;Bugün gelinen noktada modern optik fiber sistemleri&lt;br /&gt;ile hızlı ve okyanusları aşan/kıtalararası mesafelerde iletişim gerçekleştirmek mümkündür. Benzer şekilde serbest-uzay iletişim sistemleri de uydular arasında yüksek data hızlı veri iletişimi olanağı sağlamaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;Optik iletişim, bu mikrodalga ve/veya kablosuz teknolojilerle birlikte, geniş çaplı bir bağlanabilirlikle, yüksek kapasiteli ağların kurulmasına olanak tanımaktadır.&lt;br /&gt;Optik iletişim için en çok kullanılan dalgaboyları 0.83 ile 1.55 mikron arasındadır. 1 mikronluk bir dalgaboyu 300 THz’lik (300,000 GHz) bir frekansa karşı düşmektedir. Bu değer geleneksel radyo, mikrodalga veya milimetre-dalga iletişim sistemlerindeki frekanslara göre oldukça yüksek bir değer olup, optik iletişimin bant genişliğinin çok daha yüksek olması anlamına gelmektedir.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:130%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;COLOR: rgb(0,0,102)&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;OSI KATMANLARI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;http://ogrenci.hacettepe.edu.tr/~b0244695/grafikler/katmanlar.gif&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; WIDTH: 350px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 292px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;http://ogrenci.hacettepe.edu.tr/%7Eb0244695/grafikler/katmanlar.gif&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;OSI modelinde iletisim problemi yedi katman ile çözülmüs. Iki bilgisayar sisteminin birbiriyle iletisim kurabilmesi için önce uygulama programin sistemin 7. katmaniyla konusur. Bu katman 6. katmanla ve böylece ilerler. Ardindan iletisim network hattina oradan da diger sistemin 1. katmanina geçer. Buradan diger katmanlara yükselir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Bütün LAN&#39;lardaki teknolojinin anlasilmasi için OSI layer olarak adlandirilan yedi katmanli modeli anlasilmasi gerekir. OSI modeli modüler bir mimariye dayanir. Her katmanda belli bir is yapilirarak bir sonraki katmana geçilir .&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;1. Katman : Fiziksel Katman (Physical Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;1. katman veya fiziksel katman verinin kablo üzerinde alacagi fiziksel yapiyi tanimlar. Diger katmanlar 1 ve sifir degerleriyle çalisirken, 1. katman 1 ve sifirlarin nasil elektrik, isik veya radyo sinyallerine çevrilecegini ve aktarilacagini tanimlar. Gönderen tarafta 1. katman bir ve sifirlari elektrik sinyallerine çevirip kabloya yerlestirirken, alici tarafta 1. katman kablodan okudugu bu sinyalleri tekrar bir ve sifir haline getirir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Fiziksel katman veri bitlerinin karsi tarafa, kullanilan medya(kablo, fiber optik, radyo sinyalleri) üzerinden nasil gönderilecegini tanimlar. Iki tarafta ayni kurallar üzerinde anlasmamissa veri iletimi mümkün degildir. Örnegin bir taraf sayisal 1 manasina gelen elektrik sinyalini +5 volt ve 2 milisaniye süren bir elektrik sinyali olarak yolluyor, ama alici +7 volt ve 5 milisaniyelik bir sinyali kabloda gördügünde bunu 1 olarak anliyorsa veri iletimi gerçeklesmez. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Fiziksel katman bu tip çözülmesi gereken problemleri tanimlamistir. Üreticiler(örnegin ag karti üreticileri) bu problemleri göz önüne alarak ayni degerleri kullanan ag kartlari üretirler. Böylece farkli üreticilerin ag kartlari birbirleriyle sorunsuz çalisir.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold; COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;2.Katman : Veri Baglantisi Katmani (Data Link Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Veri baglantisi katmani fiziksel katmana erismek ve kullanmak ile ilgili kurallari belirler. Veri baglantisi katmaninin büyük bir bölümü ag karti içinde gerçeklesir. Veri baglantisi katmani ag üzerindeki diger bilgisayarlari tanimlama, kablonun o anda kimin tarfindan kullanildiginin tespiti ve fiziksel katmandan gelen verinin hatalara karsi kontrolü görevini yerine getirir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Veri baglantisi katmani iki alt bölüme ayrilir: Media Access Control(MAC) ve Logical Link Control(LLC). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;MAC alt katmani veriyi hata kontrol kodu(CRC), alici ve gönderenin MAC adresleri ile beraber paketler ve fiziksel katmana aktarir. Alici tarafta da bu islemleri tersine yapip veriyi veri baglantisi içindeki ikinci alt katman olan LLC&#39;ye aktarmak görevi yine MAC alt katmanina aittir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;LLC alt katmani bir üst katman olan ag katmani(3. katman) için geçis görevi görür. Protokole özel mantiksal portlar olusturur (Service Access Points, SAPs). Böylece kaynak makinada ve hedef makinada ayni protokoller iletisime geçebilir(örnegin TCP/IP&lt;--&gt;TCP/IP). LLC ayrica veri paketlerinden bozuk gidenlerin(veya karsi taraf için alinanlarin) tekrar gönderilmesinden sorumludur. Flow Control yani alicinin isleyebileginden fazla veri paketi gönderilerek bogulmasinin engellenmesi de LLC&#39;nin görevidir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Katman 3: Ag Katmani(Network Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot;&gt;Ag katmani veri paketine farkli bir aga gönderilmesi gerektiginde yönlendiricilerin kullanacagi bilginin eklendigi katmandir. Örnegin IP protokolü bu katmanda görev yapar&lt;/span&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Katman 4: Tasima Katmani (Transport Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Tasima katmani üst katmanlardan gelen veriyi ag paketi boyutunda parçalara böler. NetBEUI, TCP ve SPX gibi protokoller bu katmanda çalisir. Bu protokoller hata kontrolü gibi görevleride yerine getirir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;Tasima katmani alt katmanlar (Transport Set) ve üst katmanlar (Application Set) arasinda geçit görevini görür. Alt katmanlar verinin ne olduguna bakmandan karsi tarafa yollama isini yaparken üst katmanlarda kullanilan donanim ile ilgilenmeden verinin kendisi ile ugrasabilirler&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Katman 5: Oturum Katmani(Session Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Oturum katmani bir bilgisayar birden fazla bilgisayarla ayni anda iletisim içinde oldugunda, gerektiginde dogru bilgisayarla konusabilmesini saglar. Örnegin A bilgisayari B üzerideki yaziciya yazdiriken, C bilgisayari B üzerindeki diske erisiyorsa, B hem A ile olan, hem de C ile olan iletisimini ayni anda sürdürmek zorundadir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Bu katmanda çalisan NetBIOS ve Sockets gibi protokoller farkli bilgisayarlarla ayni anda olan baglantilari yönetme imkani saglarlar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Katman 6: Sunum Katmani(Presentation Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Sunum katmaninin en önemli görevi yollanan verinin karsi bilgisayar tarafindan anlasilabilir halde olmasini saglamaktir. Böylece fakli programlarin birbilerinin verisini kullanabilmesi mümkün olur. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Dos ve Windows 9x metin tipli veriyi 8 bit ASCII olarak kaydederken (örnegin A harfini 01000001 olarak), NT tabanli isletim sistemleri 16 bit Unicode&#39;u kullanir (A harfi için 0000000001000001). Ancak kullanici tabii ki sadece A harfiyle ilgilenir. Sunum katmani bu gibi farkliliklari ortadan kaldirir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Sunum katmani günümüzde çogunlukla ag ile ilgili degil, programlarla ilgili hale gelmistir. Örnegin eger siz iki tarafta da gif formatini açabilen bir resim gösterici kullaniyorsaniz, bir makinanin digeri üzerindeki bir GIF dosyayi açmasi esnasinda sunum katmanina bir is düsmez, daha dogrusu sunum katmani olarak kastedilen sey, ayni dosyayi okuyabilen programlari kullanmaktir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 class=&quot;style2&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Katman 7: Uygulama Katmani(Application Layer) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;style5&quot; style=&quot;FONT-WEIGHT: bold&quot; align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Uygulama katmani programlarin agi kullanabilmesi için araçlar sunar. Microsoft API&#39;leri uygulama katmaninda çalisir. Bu API&#39;leri kullanarak program yazan bir programci, örnegin bir ag sürücüsüne erismek gerektiginde API içindeki hazir araci alip kendi programinda kullanir. Alt katmanlarda gerçeklesen onlarca farkli islemin hiçbirisiyle ugrasmak zorunda kalmaz.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;v:stroke&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;&lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;&lt;v:path connecttype=&quot;rect&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; extrusionok=&quot;f&quot;&gt;&lt;o:lock aspectratio=&quot;t&quot; ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;&lt;v:imagedata title=&quot;n-101-3-1&quot; src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\SINANU~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;/v:imagedata&gt;&lt;/o:lock&gt;&lt;/v:path&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:f&gt;&lt;/v:stroke&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/feeds/7947411446063940054/comments/default' title='Kayıt Yorumları'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/1-hafta.html#comment-form' title='0 Yorum'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7947411446063940054'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/2886917924572481147/posts/default/7947411446063940054'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://boteciler.blogspot.com/2009/02/1-hafta.html' title='1. ve 2. 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