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<?xml-stylesheet type="text/xsl" media="screen" href="/~d/styles/atom10full.xsl"?><?xml-stylesheet type="text/css" media="screen" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~d/styles/itemcontent.css"?><feed xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" xmlns:openSearch="http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearch/1.1/" xmlns:georss="http://www.georss.org/georss" xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr="http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0" xmlns:feedburner="http://rssnamespace.org/feedburner/ext/1.0" gd:etag="W/&quot;DkAHQHs5cCp7ImA9WhRaFU4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002</id><updated>2012-02-18T10:12:11.528+07:00</updated><category term="Microbiology" /><category term="Windows XP" /><category term="Ecology" /><category term="Evaluation" /><category term="Botany" /><category term="Review Software" /><category term="Kampus" /><category term="Photography" /><category term="Offline Game" /><category term="Unsyiah" /><category term="Genetics" /><category term="Curriculum" /><category term="Blogging" /><category term="Computer" /><category term="Teaching" /><category term="psychology" /><category term="Tips And Tricks" /><category term="My Opinions" /><category term="Biotechnology" /><category term="Evolution" /><category term="Biology" /><category term="Online Game" /><category term="Review Game" /><category term="Education" /><category term="Windows Themes" /><category term="Windows 7" /><category term="Conservation Biology" /><title>Sky of Shiroi Kiba</title><subtitle type="html">Share Everything</subtitle><link rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/" /><link rel="next" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false&amp;v=2" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><generator version="7.00" uri="http://www.blogger.com">Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>131</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://feeds.feedburner.com/Skyofshiroikiba" /><feedburner:info uri="skyofshiroikiba" /><atom10:link xmlns:atom10="http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom" rel="hub" href="http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/" /><link rel="license" type="text/html" href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/" /><feedburner:emailServiceId>Skyofshiroikiba</feedburner:emailServiceId><feedburner:feedburnerHostname>http://feedburner.google.com</feedburner:feedburnerHostname><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkAHQHs_fSp7ImA9WhRaFU4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-2279162393955148735</id><published>2012-02-16T22:35:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-18T10:12:11.545+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-18T10:12:11.545+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Conservation Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><title>Silent Spring, Mari Peduli Lingkungan</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-Yi8ztSuHsxc/Tz0iDEqoHeI/AAAAAAAABJ0/EX3yuoGwUVs/s1600-h/Silent%252520Spring%25252C%252520Mari%252520peduli%252520lingkungan%25255B4%25255D.gif"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Silent Spring, Mari peduli lingkungan" border="0" alt="Silent Spring, Mari peduli lingkungan" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-4ydwhSvRlVc/Tz0iJM4XfCI/AAAAAAAABJ8/2zbso2nmOM8/Silent%252520Spring%25252C%252520Mari%252520peduli%252520lingkungan_thumb%25255B2%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" width="187" height="255" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Pertama sekali &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com" target="_blank"&gt;saya&lt;/a&gt; mendengar dua kata ini, makna yang muncul di benak saya adalah sebuah sejarah, seperti Holocaust ataupun sejarah mengerikan lainnya. Namun, setelah mencari-cari di dunia yang tak pernah nyata ini, saya menemukan makna dari “silent spring” ini. Judul sebuah buku, itulah makna dari dua kata ini.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Rachel Carson, adalah si penulis buku ini. Pada tahun 1962 buku ini dipublikasikan. Tujuan beliau mempublikasikan buku ini adalah untuk membangkitkan kesadaran publik akan bahaya “Pestisida” terhadap suatu ekosistem, terlebih lagi, pada saat itu penggunaan pestisida sedang digalakkan dan akan segera dilegalkan. Pada saat ini, buku ini menjadi referensi utama dalam hal sejarah pengendalian hama (Integrated Pest Management) pada bidang pertanian dan bidang kimia.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Judul buku yang berarti kesunyian musim semi ini, mengisahkan bagaimana suatu ekosistem di musim semi yang semula cerah ceria penuh dengan suara burung berkicau dan organisme hidup tiba-tiba terusik oleh kehadiran pestisida yang digunakan secara berlebihan, terutama di bidang pertanian, yang mengakibatkan terbunuhnya berbagai jenis organisme hidup, dan megancam kehidupan manusia. Buku ini disusun dalam bentuk tulisan ilmiah yang dipadu dengan bahasa sehari-hari, dan mengemukakan fakta-fakta bagaimana pestisida mengalami akumulasi di dalam rantai makanan hingga akhirnya terakumulasi pada manusia sebagai konsumen puncak pada rantai makanan (food chain).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nah, sekarang Siapakah Rachel Carson itu sendiri? Perempuan yang bernama lengkap Rachel Louise Carson ini, dilahirkan pada tanggal 27 Mei 1907, di Springdale Pennsylvania, Amerika Serikat. Sejak kecil Rachel Carson telah ditanamkan rasa cinta lingkungan oleh ibunya, sehingga beliau akhirnya memilih biologi kelautan sebagai bidang pendidikannya di Pennsylvania College for Women (kini menjadi Chatam College). Beliau kemudian meraih gelar MA pada tahun 1932 dari John Hopkins University di bidang zoology.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Awal karir bekerjanya dihabiskan sebagai peneliti dan editor di Biro Perikanan Amerika Serikat. Berbagai tulisan dan artikel tentang konservasi sumber daya alam telah dihasilkannya sejak tahun 1936, beberapa di antaranya berisikan tentang pendidikan kecintaan kepada lingkungan dalam bahasa-bahasa puitis dan ilmiah populer.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Tidak banyak prestasi luar biasa yang dihasilkannya selama menjadi seorang peneliti biologi kelautan dan penulis, selain beliau pernah menjadi Pimpinan Editor U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service dan mendapat penghargaan atas studi kelautan yang dibukukan pada “The Sea Around Us” (1952) dan “The Edge of the Sea” (1955). Kepeduliannya terhadap lingkungan membuat beliau merasa terusik atas pertumbuhan penggunaan pestisida sintetis pasca perang dunia kedua. Pada akhirnya beliau mempublikasikan hasil penelitiannya tentang bahaya pestisida terhadap ekosistem melalui “Silent Spring” (1962).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Kehadiran buku ini menimbulkan kontroversi di Amerika Serikat. Berbagai media massa memberitakan tentang buku tersebut, sementara di sisi lain berbagai tekanan diterimanya terutama dari kalangan industri kimia agar beliau bersedia menarik kembali buku tersebut. Sampai akhirnya Kongres Amerika Serikat mengundang Rachel dalam acara dengar pendapat dan mendengarkan kesaksian langsung dari beliau mengenai isu bahaya pestisida tersebut bagi ekosistem, tepat sebelum rapat kongres pada tahun 1963. Dari hasil kesaksian inilah akhirnya dibentuk undang-undang nasional perlindungan lingkungan di Amerika Serikat (NEPA-National Environmental Protection Act) pada tahun 1969.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Rachel Carson akhirnya meninggal akibat penyakit kanker payudara yang dideritanya pada tahun 1964, atau setahun setelah beliau memberikan kesaksian di depan Kongres Amerika Serikat. Beliau memang tidak sempat melihat tindak lanjut kesaksiannya di depan Kongres Amerika Serikat, namun kita bisa melihat bagaimana beliau memperingatkan dunia akan bahaya pestisida melalui kisah sejarah berkembangnya Integrated Pest Management di berbagai textbook di berbagai belahan dunia. Bahkan pada tahun 2002 yang lalu, dalam 40th Anniversary of Rachel Carson’s Silent Spring, buku tersebut dicetak ulang dalam kemasan baru dengan ditambahkan oleh kata sambutan dari Presiden Amerika Serikat.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Berkat buku ini juga, banyak kelompok-kelompok peduli lingkungan terbentuk, yang selalu ada untuk menentang mereka yang ingin meraup harta tanpa peduli keadaan lingkungan. Nah, bagaimana dengan kamu?? Apakah lingkungan atau ekosistem yang seimbang tidak berarti apa-apa bagimu???&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-2279162393955148735?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/D20uXQszyJc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/2279162393955148735/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/silent-spring-mari-peduli-lingkungan.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2279162393955148735?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2279162393955148735?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/D20uXQszyJc/silent-spring-mari-peduli-lingkungan.html" title="Silent Spring, Mari Peduli Lingkungan" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-4ydwhSvRlVc/Tz0iJM4XfCI/AAAAAAAABJ8/2zbso2nmOM8/s72-c/Silent%252520Spring%25252C%252520Mari%252520peduli%252520lingkungan_thumb%25255B2%25255D.gif?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/silent-spring-mari-peduli-lingkungan.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C0UBRnwyeSp7ImA9WhRaE0s.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-4374416715475837420</id><published>2012-02-16T09:19:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-16T10:00:57.291+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-16T10:00:57.291+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Android Ice Cream Sandwich 3.0 Skin Pack for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Bagi kamu yang belum mengetahui apa itu Android Ice Cream Sandwich, maka saya akan menampilkan cuplikan tentang Os ini dari situs resminya:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;blockquote&gt;   &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Android 4.0 (Ice Cream Sandwich) is the latest version of the Android platform for phones, tablets, and more. It builds on the things people love most about Android — easy multitasking, rich notifications, customizable home screens, resizable widgets, and deep interactivity — and adds powerful new ways of communicating and sharing.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Dari cuplikan di atas, kamu sudah tahu bukan, jika “Ice Cream Sandwich” itu hanya sebuah codename untuk Android Versi 4.0. Nah, sekaramg kita berbicara tentang Android Ice Cream Sandwich Skin Pack 3.0. Skin Pack buatan &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt; ini sudah memasuki versi ke tiga, yang sebelumnya adalah &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/10/android-skin-pack-v10-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Android Skin Pack 1.0&lt;/a&gt; dan &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/10/android-skin-pack-20-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Android Skin Pack 2.0&lt;/a&gt;. Pada versi ketiga ini, tampilannya agak mirip dengan versi 1.0, namun warna hijau yang ada pada versi 1.0 sudah menjadi warna biru. Berikut tampilannya:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Android Ice Cream Sandwich Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-HhuWh4nOolM/TzxniqpO7aI/AAAAAAAABJk/7SK2dSVHmms/s1600-h/Android%252520Ice%252520Cream%252520Sandwich%2525203.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B7%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich 3.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Android Ice Cream Sandwich 3.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-7DyFmyyiwek/Tzxnke9aP7I/AAAAAAAABJs/dHBSqmZ7PoM/Android%252520Ice%252520Cream%252520Sandwich%2525203.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="551" height="375" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Khusus untuk pengguna Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic, baca cara Instalnya di link bawah ini:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html" target="_blank"&gt;|Cara Instal Skin Pack pada Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic|&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nah, bagi kamu yang tertarik untuk menggunakan Skin Pack ini, silahkan download..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/285056434/android_icecream_sandwich_skin_pack_3_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4ppqya.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Android Ice Cream Sandwich Skin Pack 3.0 for Windows 7 (32-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/285051763/android_icecream_sandwich_skin_pack_3_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4ppncj.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Android Ice Cream Sandwich Skin Pack 3.0 for Windows 7 (64-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-4374416715475837420?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/SxXc4ngQJhc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/4374416715475837420/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/android-ice-cream-sandwich-30-skin-pack.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4374416715475837420?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4374416715475837420?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/SxXc4ngQJhc/android-ice-cream-sandwich-30-skin-pack.html" title="Android Ice Cream Sandwich 3.0 Skin Pack for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-7DyFmyyiwek/Tzxnke9aP7I/AAAAAAAABJs/dHBSqmZ7PoM/s72-c/Android%252520Ice%252520Cream%252520Sandwich%2525203.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/android-ice-cream-sandwich-30-skin-pack.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUEAR385eip7ImA9WhRaE0w.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-6389849863195559612</id><published>2012-02-15T21:54:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-15T21:54:06.122+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-15T21:54:06.122+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Microbiology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><title>Important Bacterial Groups in Food</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-ICAXpJnq4is/TzvG7WHbTOI/AAAAAAAABJU/RXjvchRA1lY/s1600-h/Important%252520Bacterial%252520groups%252520in%252520Food%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Important Bacterial groups in Food" border="0" alt="Important Bacterial groups in Food" align="left" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-rzZ4VzMbfBs/TzvHBUJDebI/AAAAAAAABJc/dLhnSZEoPzQ/Important%252520Bacterial%252520groups%252520in%252520Food_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="240" height="160" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;On the past occasion, I have made an article about &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/important-mold-and-yeast-genera-in-food.html"&gt;Important Mold and Yeast Genera in Food&lt;/a&gt; and &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/important-viruses-and-bacterial-genera.html"&gt;Important Viruses and Bacterial Genera in Food&lt;/a&gt;. And now, let's continue to Important Bacterial groups in Food. Among the microorganisms found in foods, bacteria constitute major important groups. This is not only because many different species can be present in foods, but also because of their rapid growth rate, ability to utilize food nutrients, and ability to grow under a wide range of temperatures, aerobiosis, pH, and water activity, as well as to better survive adverse situations, such as survival of spores at high temperature. For convenience, bacteria important in foods have been arbitrarily divided into several groups on the basis of similarities in certain characteristics. &lt;strong&gt;This grouping does not have any taxonomic signiﬁcance&lt;/strong&gt;. Some of these groups and their importance in foods are listed below.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;A. Lactic Acid Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce relatively large quantities of lactic acid from carbohydrates. Species mainly from genera &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus, Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus thermophilus &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;B. Acetic Acid Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce acetic acid, such as &lt;i&gt;Acetobacter aceti&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;C. Propionic Acid Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce propionic acid and are used in dairy fermentation. Species such as &lt;i&gt;Propionibacterium freudenreichii &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;D&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Butyric Acid Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce butyric acid in relatively large amounts. Some &lt;i&gt;Clostridium &lt;/i&gt;spp. such as &lt;i&gt;Clostridium butyricum &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;E. Proteolytic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that can hydrolyze proteins because they produce extracellular proteinases. Species in genera &lt;i&gt;Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes&lt;/i&gt;, some in &lt;i&gt;Enterobacteriaceae&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Brevibacterium &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;F&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Lipolytic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to hydrolyze triglycerides because they produce extracellular lipases. Species in genera &lt;i&gt;Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;G. Saccharolytic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to hydrolyze complex carbohydrates. Species in genera &lt;i&gt;Bacillus, Clostridium, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Enterobacter &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;H. Thermophilic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to grow at 50&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C and above. Species from genera &lt;i&gt;Bacillus, Clostridium, Pediococcus, Streptococcus, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;I. Psychrotrophic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to grow at refrigerated temperature (5&lt;sup&gt;o&lt;/sup&gt;C). Some species from &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas, Alteromonas, Alcaligenes, Flavobacterium, Serratia, Bacillus, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, Carnobacterium, Brochothrix, Listeria, Yersinia&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Aeromonas &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;J&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Thermoduric Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to survive pasteurization temperature treatment. Some species from &lt;i&gt;Micrococcus, Enterococcus, Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;Pediococcus, Bacillus &lt;/i&gt;(spores), and &lt;i&gt;Clostridium &lt;/i&gt;(spores) are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;K. Halotolerant Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to survive high salt concentrations (u10%). Some species from &lt;i&gt;Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;, Micrococcus, Staphylococcus, Pediococcus, Vibrio, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Corynebacterium &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group&lt;i&gt;.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;L. Aciduric Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to survive at low pH (&amp;lt;4.0). Some species from &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, Enterococcus, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;St&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;reptococcus &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;M. Osmophilic Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that can grow at a relatively higher osmotic environment than that needed for other bacteria. Some species from genera &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus, Leuconostoc, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group. They are much less osmophilic than yeasts and molds.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;N. Gas-Producing Bacteria&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce gas (CO2, H2, H2S) during metabolism of nutrients. Species from genera &lt;i&gt;Leuconostoc, Lactobacillus, Propionibacterium, Escherichia, Enterobacter, Clostridium, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Desulfotomaculum &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;O&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Slime Producers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that produce slime because they synthesise polysaccharides. Some species or strains from &lt;i&gt;Xanthomonas, Leuconostoc, Alcaligenes, Enterobacter, Lac- tococcus, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;P&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Spore Formers&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria having the ability to produce spores. Species from &lt;i&gt;Bacillus, Clostridium&lt;/i&gt;, and &lt;i&gt;Desulfotomaculum &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group. They are further divided into aerobic sporeformers, anaerobic sporeformers, ﬂat sour sporeformers, thermophilic sporeformers, and sulﬁde-producing sporeformers.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;Q&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Aerobes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that require oxygen for growth and multiplication. Species from &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas, Bacillus, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;R. Anaerobes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that cannot grow in the presence of oxygen. Species from &lt;i&gt;Clostridium &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;S. Facultative Anaerobes&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;They are bacteria that are able to grow in both the presence and absence of oxygen. &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus, Pediococcus, Leuconostoc&lt;/i&gt;, enteric pathogens, and some species of &lt;i&gt;Bacillus, Serratia, &lt;/i&gt;and coliforms are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;T&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Coliforms&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Species from &lt;i&gt;Escherichia, Enterobacter, Citrobacter, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella &lt;/i&gt;are included in this group. They are used as an index of sanitation.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;U&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Fecal Coliforms&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Mainly &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/i&gt;is included in this group. They are also used as an index of sanitation.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;b&gt;V&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;. Enteric Pathogens&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Pathogenic &lt;i&gt;Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, Escherichia, Vibrio, List- eria, &lt;/i&gt;hepatitis A, and others that can cause gastrointestinal infection are included in this group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Because of the importance of these bacterial groups in food, many laboratory methods are designed to detect a speciﬁc group instead of a speciﬁc genus or species. Similarly, control methods are sometimes designed to destroy or prevent growth of a speciﬁc group.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, that's all. The Series of important microbes on the food is finished. Thank you for reading. Hope it helps your work.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-6389849863195559612?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/kC3HPIcvSgo" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/6389849863195559612/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/important-bacterial-groups-in-food.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/6389849863195559612?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/6389849863195559612?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/kC3HPIcvSgo/important-bacterial-groups-in-food.html" title="Important Bacterial Groups in Food" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-rzZ4VzMbfBs/TzvHBUJDebI/AAAAAAAABJc/dLhnSZEoPzQ/s72-c/Important%252520Bacterial%252520groups%252520in%252520Food_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/important-bacterial-groups-in-food.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DE4AQ3ozeyp7ImA9WhRaEk8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-2747905071809003716</id><published>2012-02-14T20:42:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-14T20:42:22.483+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-14T20:42:22.483+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Metro Xbox Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Seperti yang telah kita ketahui, Metro merupakan bahasa design dari Microsoft yang dikhususkan untuk tampilan Windows Phone. Nah, bagaimana jika tampilan &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/metro-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Metro&lt;/a&gt; ini digabung dengan tampilan &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/xbox-themes-for-your-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Xbox 360&lt;/a&gt;. Berikut ini adalah tampilan Metro Xbox Skin Pack 2.0 dari &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Metro Xbox Skin Pack 2.0&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-M0eJU9hRAbQ/TzpkniIiHgI/AAAAAAAABJA/G3orffNsR1A/s1600-h/Metro-Xbox-Skin--Pack-2.07.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Metro Xbox Skin  Pack 2.0" border="0" alt="Metro Xbox Skin  Pack 2.0" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Ko5kPaKQqhY/TzpkuTvQr0I/AAAAAAAABJI/mIQT_EMeJhM/Metro-Xbox-Skin--Pack-2.0_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" width="548" height="370" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;(Klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Dari tampilan ini, dapat kita lihat bahwa Metro Xbox skin pack ini seperti gabungan antara Metro Skin pack Green dan Xbox 360 Skin Pack.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Berikut adalah pembaruan (update) yang tersedia dalam Skin pack ini:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Pengubahan warna Background&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Icon terbaru&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Patcher 1.5.0.22&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;dan lain-lain&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Skin Pack ini dapat digunakan untuk semua jenis Windows 7, khusus Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic, baca petunjuk berikut:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html" target="_blank"&gt;|Cara Instal Skin Pack pada Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic|&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Klik link berikut untuk mendownload:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/284868655/metro_xbox_skin_pack_2_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4plq27.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Xbox Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7 (32-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/284866869/metro_xbox_skin_pack_2_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4plool.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Xbox Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7 (64-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-2747905071809003716?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/7woKW-tKLqk" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/2747905071809003716/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/metro-xbox-skin-pack-20-for-windows-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2747905071809003716?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2747905071809003716?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/7woKW-tKLqk/metro-xbox-skin-pack-20-for-windows-7.html" title="Metro Xbox Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Ko5kPaKQqhY/TzpkuTvQr0I/AAAAAAAABJI/mIQT_EMeJhM/s72-c/Metro-Xbox-Skin--Pack-2.0_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/metro-xbox-skin-pack-20-for-windows-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ak8ARX4_eCp7ImA9WhRbGUs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-4426316749654104530</id><published>2012-02-11T21:00:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-11T21:00:44.040+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-11T21:00:44.040+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Microbiology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><title>General Method of Fermented Food Production</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;In earlier articles, I've talked about &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/microbiology-of-fermented-foods.html" target="_blank"&gt;microbial of fermented foods&lt;/a&gt;, now, on this opportunity, I will continue to general method of fermented food production. The production of a fermented product has two related, yet separate, aspects, one involving the importance of metabolic activities of microorganisms during fermentation and storage of the product and the other the parameters used during processing and storage of the product. In this article, the microbiological aspects are presented. Processing aspects are generally taught in a food-processing course and are thus covered only in brief here.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Fermentation involves exposing the raw or starting food materials to conditions that favor growth and metabolism of speciﬁc and desirable microorganisms. As the desirable microorganisms grow, they utilize some nutrients and produce some end products. These end products, along with the unmetabolized components of the starting materials, constitute the fermented foods having desirable acceptance qualities, many of which are attributed to the metabolic end products.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-m7RxO12yy4I/TzZ0ZSaZzuI/AAAAAAAABIw/hk0-o8p9hzs/s1600-h/General%252520method%252520of%252520fermented%252520food%252520production%252520-%252520tofu%252520flow%252520process%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="General method of fermented food production - tofu flow process" border="0" alt="General method of fermented food production - tofu flow process" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-uf4-3mLw17U/TzZ0hWKxc-I/AAAAAAAABI4/lnj4d0m5aUQ/General%252520method%252520of%252520fermented%252520food%252520production%252520-%252520tofu%252520flow%252520process_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="490" height="713" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;(click on image to enlarge)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;A. Raw (or Starting) Materials&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;A large number of raw materials from plant and animal sources are used to produce fermented foods. These include milk (from cows, buffalo, sheep, goats, and mares), meat (beef, pork, lamb, goat, and fowl), ﬁsh (many types), eggs (chicken and duck), vegetables and vegetable juices, many fruits and fruit juices, cereal grains, tubers, lentils, beans, and seeds. Some are used in combination.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;B. Microorganisms Used&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Many desirable species and strains of bacteria, yeasts, and molds are associated with fermentation of foods. Depending on a product, fermentation may be achieved by a single predominating species and strain. However, in most fermentations, a mixed population of several bacterial species and strains, or even bacteria and yeasts or bacteria and molds, is involved. When a fermentation process involves a mixed population, the members should not be antagonistic toward one another; rather, they should preferably be synergistic. Maximum growth of a desirable microorganism and optimum fermentation rate are dependent on environmental parameters such as nutrients, temperature of incubation, oxidation–reduction potential, and pH. In the fermentation process, if the different species in a mixed population need different environmental conditions (e.g., temperature of growth), a compromise is made to facilitate growth of all the species at a moderate rate. Depending on a raw or starting material and a speciﬁc need, carbohydrates (dextrose in meat fermentation), salts, citrate, and other nutrients are supplemented. In some natural fermentations, several species may be involved for the ﬁnal desirable characteristics of the product. How- ever, instead of growing at the same time, they appear in sequence, with the consequence that a particular species predominates at a certain stage during fermentation. But analyzing the ﬁnal product to isolate the species involved in fermentation of such a food does not give the right picture. Instead, samples should be analyzed at intervals to determine predominant types at different times and to know the sequences in their appearance. Finally, some minor ﬂora (secondary ﬂora) can be present in a very low level in a raw material and the ﬁnal product and might not be detected during regular analysis. However, they may have important contributions for the desirable characteristics, particularly some unique aroma, of the product.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;C. Fermentation Process&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Foods can be fermented in three different ways, based on the sources of the desirable microorganisms: natural fermentation, back slopping, and controlled fermentation.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;1. Natural Fermentation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Many raw materials used in fermentation (usually not heat treated) contain both desirable and associated microorganisms. The conditions of incubation are set to favor rapid growth of the desirable types and no or slow growth of the associated (many are undesirable) types. A product produced by natural fermentation can have some desirable aroma resulting from the metabolism of the associated ﬂora. How- ever, because the natural microbial ﬂora in the raw materials may not always be the same, it is difﬁcult to produce a product with consistent characteristics over a long period of time. Also, chances of product failure because of growth of undesirable ﬂora and foodborne diseases by the pathogens are high.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. Back Slopping&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;In this method, some products from a successful fermentation are added to the starting materials, and conditions are set to facilitate the growth of the microorganisms coming from the previous product. This is still practiced in the production of many ethnic products in small volumes. Retention of product characteristics over a long period may be difﬁcult because of changes in microbial types. Chances of product failure and foodborne diseases are also high.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. Controlled Fermentation&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;The starting materials (may be heat treated) are inoculated with a high population (106 cells/ml or more) of a pure culture of single or mixed strains or species of microorganisms (starter culture). Incubation conditions are set for the optimum growth of the starter cultures. Large volumes of products can be produced with consistent and predictable characteristics each day. Generally, there is less chance of product failure and foodborne diseases. However, there may be no growth of desirable secondary ﬂora. As a result, a product may not have some delicate ﬂavor characteristics.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;As indicated before, worldwide there are more than 3500 types of fermented foods. Different methods have been used to arrange them in several major groups. One such method divides fermented foods in nine groups and is presented below.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="553"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="274"&gt;         &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Food Groups&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="277"&gt;         &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Examples&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="280"&gt;Dairy products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="280"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Cheeses, yogurt, buttermilk, sour cream, dahi, kumiss, keﬁr, acidophilus milk&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="282"&gt;Meat products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Salami, pepperoni, chorizo, Thüringer, sausage, pickled meat, nahm&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Cereal products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Breads, pancake, crackers, pizza, nun, idli, dosa, sour rice, miso&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Fruits and vegetable products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Pickled fruits, pickled vegetables, olives, sauerkraut, kimchi, achar&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Legume products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Tofu, fermented soymilk, tempe, soy sauce, koji, mizo, natto, papadam&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Fish products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;         &lt;p&gt;Bagoong, ﬁsh sauces, pickled ﬁsh, tarama, paak, mamoni, izushi&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Beverages&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Beer, wine, distilled spirits, coffee, cocoa, tea&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Starch crop products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Fermented products from potato, cassava, sweet potato, bananas, plantains, etc.&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td valign="top" width="283"&gt;Miscellaneous products&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="281"&gt;Fermented eggs, ghee (from fermented cream), vinegar, red palm oil, bongkrek, dage&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;As it is beyond the scope of this textbook to describe even a few from each group, microbiological criteria of only several fermented dairy, meat, and vegetable products are brieﬂy discussed here to understand the methods involved in controlled and natural fermentation. For more detailed information, books on fermentation of different food groups can be consulted, some of which have been used as references in this chapter.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-4426316749654104530?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/vEtPrZHfYaY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/4426316749654104530/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/general-method-of-fermented-food.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4426316749654104530?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4426316749654104530?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/vEtPrZHfYaY/general-method-of-fermented-food.html" title="General Method of Fermented Food Production" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-uf4-3mLw17U/TzZ0hWKxc-I/AAAAAAAABI4/lnj4d0m5aUQ/s72-c/General%252520method%252520of%252520fermented%252520food%252520production%252520-%252520tofu%252520flow%252520process_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/general-method-of-fermented-food.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkICQn47fyp7ImA9WhRbGEg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-8748012950947776516</id><published>2012-02-10T14:22:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-10T14:22:43.007+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-10T14:22:43.007+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows XP" /><title>8 Skin Pack for Windows XP and 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Windows 8 adalah nama kode untuk versi terbaru dari Microsoft Windows, serangkaian sistem operasi yang diproduksi oleh Microsoft untuk digunakan pada komputer pribadi, termasuk komputer rumah dan bisnis, laptop, netbook, tablet PC, server, dan PC pusat media. Sistem operasi ini menggunakan mikroprosesor ARM selain mikroprosesor x86 tradisional buatan Intel dan AMD. User Interface penggunanya diubah agar mampu digunakan pada peralatan layar sentuh selain mouse dan keyboard. Sehingga Windows 8 di desain untuk perangkat Tablet Sentuh.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Microsoft telah megeluarkan versi Developer Preview, untuk di coba oleh Developer di seluruh dunia dan di tampung komentar mereka uuntuk pembangunan windows 8 menjadi lebih baik [sumber &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows_8" target="_blank"&gt;wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;].&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Windows 8 yang akan kita bahas kali ini adalah &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/09/8-skin-pack-v60-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Windows 8&lt;/a&gt; Skin Pack, suatu theme yang mampu mengubah tampilan Windows XP dan Windows 7 menjadi tampilan Windows 8. Windows 8 Skin Pack ini merupakan versi terbaru dari variant Windows 8 Skin Pack, buatan &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;. Versi terbaru ini tersedia untuk Windows XP dan Windows 7. Untuk Windows XP, tersedia Windows 8 Skin Pack versi 6.0, dan untuk Windows 7 tersedia Windows 8 Skin Pack versi 11.0&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Windows 8 Skin Pack 6.0 for Windows XP&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-7rju51K02pI/TzTFs-VEO1I/AAAAAAAABIQ/kc5tgngyMDM/s1600-h/8%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525206.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="8 Skin Pack 6.0 for Windows XP" border="0" alt="8 Skin Pack 6.0 for Windows XP" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-pVaAl1XEghw/TzTFtuRK5MI/AAAAAAAABIY/sLxttWaRy3c/8%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525206.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="547" height="437" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;(klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Update dari versi 5.0:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;New login screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New start screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New lock screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New start menu&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New caption buttons&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New explorer&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/272108051/8_skin_pack_6_0_xp_by_hameddanger-d4i07wz.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Windows 8 Skin Pack 6.0 for Windows XP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Windows 8 Skin Pack 11.0 for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-EcU4-DAlIME/TzTFuyU-3dI/AAAAAAAABIg/0Yqtsx2YFAw/s1600-h/8%252520Skin%252520Pack%25252011.0%252520x86%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B7%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="8 Skin Pack 11.0 x86 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="8 Skin Pack 11.0 x86 for Windows 7" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-furVEUsTPAo/TzTFwXulWzI/AAAAAAAABIk/JFavYH0BeRE/8%252520Skin%252520Pack%25252011.0%252520x86%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="546" height="363" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;(klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Untuk pengguna Windows Starter dan Home Basic, baca disini:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html" target="_blank"&gt;|Cara merubah tampilan Windows Starter dan Home basic|&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Update dari versi sebelumnya:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;New login screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New start screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New widget&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New lock screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New boot screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New explorer&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New start button&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New wallpaper&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New brand&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New logo&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New style&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New start menu&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/272104342/8_skin_pack_11_x86_by_hameddanger-d4i051y.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Windows 8 Skin Pack for Windows 7 (32-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/272086079/8_skin_pack_11_x64_by_hameddanger-d4hzqyn.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Windows 8 Skin Pack for Windows 7 (64-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-8748012950947776516?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/qzcyd6OmW7g" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/8748012950947776516/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/8-skin-pack-for-windows-xp-and-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8748012950947776516?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8748012950947776516?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/qzcyd6OmW7g/8-skin-pack-for-windows-xp-and-7.html" title="8 Skin Pack for Windows XP and 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-pVaAl1XEghw/TzTFtuRK5MI/AAAAAAAABIY/sLxttWaRy3c/s72-c/8%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525206.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/8-skin-pack-for-windows-xp-and-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;A0QMR30yeCp7ImA9WhRbF00.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-2071361408375247327</id><published>2012-02-08T20:52:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-08T20:56:26.390+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-08T20:56:26.390+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Microbiology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Education" /><title>Microbiology of Fermented Foods</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-Lt7Es_e4DMI/TzJ9VbZrVYI/AAAAAAAABHg/s-ZRBu0PQ_4/s1600-h/Microbial%252520of%252520fermented%252520foods%252520-%252520tempe%25255B3%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Microbial of fermented foods - tempe" border="0" alt="Microbial of fermented foods - tempe" align="left" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-KHW5TZOtXRE/TzJ9fOjU_bI/AAAAAAAABHo/1j3uxbkC1U8/Microbial%252520of%252520fermented%252520foods%252520-%252520tempe_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="240" height="174" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;On this occasion, we will discuss about Food Fermentation. Food fermentation involves a process in which raw materials are converted to fermented foods by the growth and metabolic activities of the desirable microorganisms. The microorganisms utilize some components present in the raw materials as substrates to generate energy and cellular components, to increase in population, and to produce many usable by-products (also called end products) that are excreted in the environment. The unused components of the raw materials and the microbial by-products (and sometimes microbial cells) together constitute fermented foods. The raw materials can be milk, meat, ﬁsh, vegetables, fruits, cereal grains, seeds, and beans, fermented individually or in combination. Worldwide, more than 3500 types of fermented foods are produced. Many ethnic types are produced and used in small localities by small groups of people. Many of the fermented foods consumed currently have been produced and consumed by humans for thousands of years. The old city civilizations, dating as far back as 3000 to 5000 B.C. in the Indus Valley, Mesopotamia, and Egypt, developed exceptional skills in the production of fermented foods from milk, fruits, cereal grains, and vegetables. And especially for Indonesian people, we have many fermented foods, just like Tahu (Tofu), Tempe (Soybean), Kecap (Soy Sauce), Bika Ambon, and for illegal food just like Tuak (Palm Wine).&amp;#160; The process not only produced new foods but also helped preserve the excess of raw materials both of plant and animal origins.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-3Kn0uBx3x8s/TzJ9qmAdCkI/AAAAAAAABHw/PijJ6ylxee4/s1600-h/Tahu%252520-%252520tofu%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Tahu - tofu" border="0" alt="Tahu - tofu" align="right" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-LDmhED4QEu4/TzJ9uV0eV2I/AAAAAAAABH4/WLVrmY-VctA/Tahu%252520-%252520tofu_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="240" height="180" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;The basic principles developed by these ancient civilizations are used even today to produce many types of fermented foods by a process known as natural fermentation. In this method, either the desirable microbial population naturally present in the raw materials or some products containing the desirable microbes from a previous fermentation (called back slopping), are added to the raw materials. Then the fermentation conditions are set so as to favor growth of the desirable types but pre or retard growth of undesirable types that could be present in the raw materials. In another type of fermentation, called controlled or pure culture fermentation, the microorganisms associated with fermentation of a food are ﬁrst puriﬁed from the food, identiﬁed, and maintained in the laboratory. When required for the fermentation of a speciﬁc food, the microbial species associated with this fermentation are grown in large volume in the laboratory and then added to the raw materials in very high numbers. Then the fermentation conditions are set such that these microorganisms grow preferentially to produce a desired product. These microbial species, when used in controlled fermentation, are also referred to as starter cultures. Many of these microbial species are present in raw materials that are naturally fermented, along with other associated microorganisms, some of which may contribute to the desirable characteristics of the products.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ok, that’s all, thanks for reading, I hope this simple article can open your mind about food fermentation.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-spMXKymmkIQ/TzJ9_vIvjsI/AAAAAAAABIA/zi7WQpilhSg/s1600-h/Microbial%252520of%252520fermented%252520food%252520-%252520tuak%25255B1%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left-width: 0px; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" title="Microbial of fermented food - tuak" border="0" alt="Microbial of fermented food - tuak" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-U_x9OzP0bws/TzJ-H0tT4cI/AAAAAAAABII/1k4zzjIhwos/Microbial%252520of%252520fermented%252520food%252520-%252520tuak_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="180" height="240" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-2071361408375247327?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/ZC37kzHKEdI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/2071361408375247327/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/microbiology-of-fermented-foods.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2071361408375247327?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2071361408375247327?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/ZC37kzHKEdI/microbiology-of-fermented-foods.html" title="Microbiology of Fermented Foods" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-KHW5TZOtXRE/TzJ9fOjU_bI/AAAAAAAABHo/1j3uxbkC1U8/s72-c/Microbial%252520of%252520fermented%252520foods%252520-%252520tempe_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/microbiology-of-fermented-foods.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C0UCQ3w_fSp7ImA9WhRbFUQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-5878848601309788448</id><published>2012-02-07T11:59:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-07T12:07:42.245+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-07T12:07:42.245+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Computer" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips And Tricks" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows XP" /><title>Windows 8 Start Screen Full 3.0 for Windows XP, Vista, and 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Windows&lt;/a&gt; 8 Start Screen Full 3.0 merupakan sebuah &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/12/lion-transformation-pack-10.html" target="_blank"&gt;Transformation Pack&lt;/a&gt; yang mampu membuat tampilan Windows kamu menjadi 90% mirip dengan tampilan Windows 8. Dan menurut si pembuatnya, yaitu &lt;a href="http://dncube.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Dncube&lt;/a&gt;, Transformation pack ini ukurannya hanya 12MB dan tidak banyak menggunakan memori komputer kamu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="center"&gt;Tampilan dari Transformation Pack ini&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-u15lL2_QYcs/TzCvpIrfXhI/AAAAAAAABHQ/fBo5UoXENAw/s1600-h/windows%2525208%252520start%252520panel%252520full%2525203.0%25255B6%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="windows 8 start panel full 3.0" border="0" alt="windows 8 start panel full 3.0" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-nAYLLqkt394/TzCvqVIw-8I/AAAAAAAABHY/poKi5Xb5SB4/windows%2525208%252520start%252520panel%252520full%2525203.0_thumb%25255B4%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="321" height="570" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;(Klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar)&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Transformation pack ini bekerja pada semua Windows, seperti Windows XP, Windows Vista, dan Windows 7.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Berikut Feature dari Transformation Pack ini:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Socialite Tile for Facebook. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Tweet@rama for Twitter. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;News Tile. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Weather Tile. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Picstream Flickr Tile. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Gmail Tile. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Tile-tile lainnya, termasuk paintplay, inkpad, Piano, NearMe, Browser tile, Notespace Tile, &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Bermacam-macam Shortcut yang dapat dikonfigurasikan. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Mopod Tile untuk memainkan music, Angry Birds Game, Fruit Ninja Game dan lain-lain. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Mudah dalam drag and drop, layaknya Touch and Drop di Windows 8 atau Windows Phone. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Nah, sebelum kamu meng-instalnya, bacalah file Read Me-nya terlebih dahulu. Hal ini sangat penting, karena banyak feature tertentu yang mungkin belum kamu ketahui. Namun, jika ada beberapa software yang membuat komputer kamu berat pada saat pertama dihidupkan, kamu bisa menonaktifkannya melalui “msconfig”.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Cara menonaktifkan Software Startup:&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Tekan Windows (tombol keyboard dengan lambang bendera Windows) + R &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Ketikkan “msconfig”, tanpa tanda petik. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Klik Enter atau OK &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Baru pilih menu Startup &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Hilangkan centang pada aplikasi yang menurut kamu tidak penting. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Aplly. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Pilih Restart untuk segera me-restart komputer kamu, atau pilih Exit Without Restart agar komputer kamu tidak perlu restart. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Selesai. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Dan sekarang, pada setiap komputer kamu hidup, softaware tersebut tidak akan aktif.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, bagaimana??? Bagi kamu yang tertarik, silahkan download..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283010477/windows_8_transformation_pack_3_0_by_dncube-d4ohwa5.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Windows 8 Start Screen Full 3.0 for Windows XP, Vista, dan 7&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-5878848601309788448?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/_mp6N6jSvqc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/5878848601309788448/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/windows-8-start-screen-full-30-for.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5878848601309788448?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5878848601309788448?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/_mp6N6jSvqc/windows-8-start-screen-full-30-for.html" title="Windows 8 Start Screen Full 3.0 for Windows XP, Vista, and 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-nAYLLqkt394/TzCvqVIw-8I/AAAAAAAABHY/poKi5Xb5SB4/s72-c/windows%2525208%252520start%252520panel%252520full%2525203.0_thumb%25255B4%25255D.png?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/windows-8-start-screen-full-30-for.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CE8DRHo-fip7ImA9WhRbFEQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-227775453017433956</id><published>2012-02-06T08:47:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-06T08:47:55.456+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-06T08:47:55.456+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Ingin mencoba tampilan Windows 7 yang baru???&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Inilah saatnya.. Kini telah hadir Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 dari &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;. Seperti yang telah kamu ketahui, Metro merupakan bahasa design terbaru dari Microsoft, dan dioptimalkan untuk Windows Phone. Sesuai dengan namanya, Metro, maka tampilan dari &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt; ini diwarnai dengan warna-warna yang smooth dan didominasi oleh bentuk kotak-kotak.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-faBl2OZeK9U/Ty8xRdmb19I/AAAAAAAABHA/Vx9flTlZO2o/s1600-h/Metro%252520Tile%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B7%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-370O3SP4m6U/Ty8xSIjMOtI/AAAAAAAABHI/j5AV8hCZqI0/Metro%252520Tile%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="558" height="378" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Skin Pack ini mendukung Windows 7 , Windows 7 SP1 - [X86 (32Bit)]&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Untuk Pengguna Windows Starter dan Home Basic, kamu harus baca dulu cara menggunakannya disini.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html" target="_blank"&gt;|Cara mengganti / merubah tampilan Windows 7 Starter Home Basic|&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="center"&gt;Selamat Mencoba!!&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283401856/metro_tile_skin_pack_1_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4oqa9s.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (32Bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283400521/metro_tile_skin_pack_1_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4oq98p.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (64Bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-227775453017433956?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/R1iFWTzKGKI" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/227775453017433956/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/metro-tile-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/227775453017433956?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/227775453017433956?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/R1iFWTzKGKI/metro-tile-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" title="Metro Tile Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-370O3SP4m6U/Ty8xSIjMOtI/AAAAAAAABHI/j5AV8hCZqI0/s72-c/Metro%252520Tile%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/metro-tile-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Dk4CRHszeyp7ImA9WhRbFEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-4160017644459745687</id><published>2012-02-06T01:02:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-06T01:02:45.583+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-06T01:02:45.583+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Computer" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips And Tricks" /><title>Cara Merubah Tampilan Windows Starter dan Home Basic</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" border="0" align="right" src="http://t3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcRUiZtxnQG9pKpDXLv7nbH47ue9XDRcFNrA4z3XxqyZfanDhQK4LOVeJzM" width="121" height="130" /&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Windows 7&lt;/a&gt; Starter dan Home Basic memang sangat berbeda dari Windows 7 Profesional, apalagi 7 Ultimate. Nah, karena yang akan kita bahas mengenai tampilan dari Windows 7 tersebut, maka akan saya tampilkan perbedaan dukungan tampilan terhadap masing-masing Windows 7 tersebut.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Starter&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Tidak ada Windows Aero Glass, atau tampilan transparant. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style tidak bisa diganti, sewaktu klik kanan di desktop, tidak ada pilihan Personalize. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Home Basic&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Sudah ada dukungan Windows Aero Glass, namun tidak secara penuh. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style tidak bisa diganti, namun dapat digunakan software pihak ketiga, seperti Stardock My Color. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Home Premium&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Sudah mendukung Windows Aero Glass. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style sudah bisa diganti. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Professional&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Sudah mendukung Windows Aero Glass. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style sudah bisa diganti. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Enterprise&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Sudah mendukung Windows Aero Glass. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style sudah bisa diganti. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Windows 7 Ultimate&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Sudah mendukung Windows Aero Glass. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallpaper dan Visual Style sudah bisa diganti. &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nah, bagaimana??? Sudah tahu bukan, bagaimana masing-masing kelebihan dan kekurangannya. Namun sekarang, bagi kamu pengguna Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic, jangan berkecil hati karena telah membeli Netbook dengan Pre-Installed Windows 7 Starter atau Home Basic, karena kamu bisa menggunakan tool ini untuk mengaktifkan Windows Aero Glass dan Patch system kamu, namanya adalah Aero Patch dari Mr. Dusha.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Tips%20And%20Tricks" target="_blank"&gt;Tool&lt;/a&gt; ini mangaktifkan:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Aero Glass dan penggantian warna. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Theme pihak ketiga (3rd party Theme). &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Peak, Shake dan Winflip 3D. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Support Full Themes &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ayo, pengguna Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic, segera Download.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://winaero.com/request.php?13" target="_blank"&gt;Download Aero Patch for Windows 7 Starter dan Home Basic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Note: untuk menambah wawasan kamu mengenai tool ini, kamu dapat membaca beberapa &lt;a href="http://winaero.com/comment.php?comment.news.15" target="_blank"&gt;komentar dari para user yang telah mencoba tool ini&lt;/a&gt;, dan mengenai cara instal dan fiturnya, kamu dapat menonton video ini.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; width: 500px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:8df3ccff-cb1c-4e76-ba7f-feb7e0c0c884" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;object width="500" height="300"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/AaAWHG7tkH8?hl=en&amp;amp;hd=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/AaAWHG7tkH8?hl=en&amp;amp;hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="500" height="300"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style="width:500px;clear:both;font-size:.8em"&gt;Silahkan berkomentar jika ada hal yang belum jelas.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;      &lt;p&gt;Jika ada hal yang menurut kamu kurang jelas, silahkan bertanya. Selamat mencoba, semoga beruntung.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-4160017644459745687?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/-pTTHiM35LY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/4160017644459745687/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4160017644459745687?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4160017644459745687?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/-pTTHiM35LY/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html" title="Cara Merubah Tampilan Windows Starter dan Home Basic" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/cara-merubah-tampilan-windows-starter.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;A08MRXY7fip7ImA9WhRbFEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-145974925224346267</id><published>2012-02-05T12:31:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-05T12:31:24.806+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-05T12:31:24.806+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Red Alienware Skin Pack adalah versi terbaru dari variant Alienware &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt;. Pada versi terdahulu, yaitu &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/11/alienware-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Alienware Skin Pack 1.0&lt;/a&gt;, warna yang mendominasi adalah warna biru dan hitam. Nah, pada versi terbaru ini, warna yang mendominasi adalah merah dan hitam; sesuai namanya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Red Alienware Skin Pack for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-5k3LXLJMrjw/Ty4UDQp5qOI/AAAAAAAABGw/l_jg5esyPYk/s1600-h/Red%252520Alienware%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525202.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-MIRY0IhWJ3A/Ty4UKCk9v_I/AAAAAAAABG4/6LR58Xo7DZ4/Red%252520Alienware%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525202.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="538" height="352" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(Klik pada gambar untuk memperbesar gambar)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Updated dari versi sebelumnya:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;New Boot screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New Logon Screen&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New Walpaper&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New Rocket Dock Icon&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New Start Button&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;New Icon&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Dominasi warna merah&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Skin Pack by : &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Note:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Skin Pack ini ber-background hitam, jadi semua background yang ada di Windows 7 akan menjadi hitam, termasuk Office.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283235913/red_alienware_skin_pack_2_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4omq89.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7 (32-bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283194613/red_alienware_skin_pack_2_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4olud1.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7 (64-bit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/283194613/red_alienware_skin_pack_2_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4olud1.zip" target="_blank"&gt;)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-145974925224346267?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/SONr4Yk8ArM" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/145974925224346267/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/red-alienware-skin-pack-20-for-windows.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/145974925224346267?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/145974925224346267?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/SONr4Yk8ArM/red-alienware-skin-pack-20-for-windows.html" title="Red Alienware Skin Pack 2.0 for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-MIRY0IhWJ3A/Ty4UKCk9v_I/AAAAAAAABG4/6LR58Xo7DZ4/s72-c/Red%252520Alienware%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525202.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/red-alienware-skin-pack-20-for-windows.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ck8CQnszfip7ImA9WhRbEks.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-5611453168707434167</id><published>2012-02-03T16:21:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-03T16:21:03.586+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-03T16:21:03.586+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows XP" /><title>Shiki Color For Windows XP</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Sudah lama saya tidak memposting tentang &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20XP" target="_blank"&gt;Windows XP Themes&lt;/a&gt;. Jadi, kali ini, saya akan memposting tentang Windows XP Theme, yaitu Shiki Color for &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20XP" target="_blank"&gt;Windows XP&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Shiki Color for Windows XP&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-rOBnC_t7nIc/Tyum9lOJGhI/AAAAAAAABGg/7VlSvx1nyos/s1600-h/Shiki-Colors-for-Windows-XP6.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Shiki Colors for Windows XP" border="0" alt="Shiki Colors for Windows XP" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Rm84qe5bQa8/Tyum_Q3HjpI/AAAAAAAABGo/JZr_7UA9BFY/Shiki-Colors-for-Windows-XP_thumb4.png?imgmax=800" width="554" height="439" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Cara Instal:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;copy &amp;quot;Fonts&amp;quot; ke %WINDIR%\Fonts &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;copy &amp;quot;Theme&amp;quot; ke %WINDIR%\Resources\Themes &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;copy &amp;quot;Wallpapers&amp;quot; ke %WINDIR%\Web\Wallpapers &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;apply theme favorit ini melalui preferences &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Theme by : &lt;a href="http://heebijeebi.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Heebijeebi&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Bagaimana, sangat sederhana bukan??? Nah, bagi pengguna &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20XP" target="_blank"&gt;Windows XP&lt;/a&gt;, ayo download..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/157851771/shiki_colors_for_windows_xp_by_heebijeebi-d2lzb7f.rar" target="_blank"&gt;Download Shiki Color for Windows XP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-5611453168707434167?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/eT27rJqZI-E" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/5611453168707434167/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/shiki-color-for-windows-xp.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5611453168707434167?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5611453168707434167?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/eT27rJqZI-E/shiki-color-for-windows-xp.html" title="Shiki Color For Windows XP" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Rm84qe5bQa8/Tyum_Q3HjpI/AAAAAAAABGo/JZr_7UA9BFY/s72-c/Shiki-Colors-for-Windows-XP_thumb4.png?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/shiki-color-for-windows-xp.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkYDSXwzfyp7ImA9WhRbEEs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-6071798308902930466</id><published>2012-02-01T09:42:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-02-01T09:42:58.287+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-02-01T09:42:58.287+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Islamic Windows 7 Theme</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Islamic Windows 7 Theme adalah Windows 7 theme khusus bagi kita umat Islam. Ini merupakan &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Windows Theme&lt;/a&gt;, jadi tidak akan memakan memori komputer yang sangat banyak seperti &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/10/gnome-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt; ataupun &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/12/lion-transformation-pack-10.html" target="_blank"&gt;Transformation Pack&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Islamic Windows 7 Theme&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-InI08LIgIr0/Tyimq6p6QeI/AAAAAAAABGQ/XsmSaa4Mdgw/s1600-h/Islamic-Windows-7-Theme6.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Islamic Windows 7 Theme" border="0" alt="Islamic Windows 7 Theme" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Z0uuEQfWZRU/Tyimr0S8uYI/AAAAAAAABGY/hA-Jumu5UTk/Islamic-Windows-7-Theme_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" width="551" height="439" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Islamic Windows 7 Theme ini terdiri dari :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;62 Wallpaper Islam yang sangat memukau &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Suara Al-Quran &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Icon-Icon bersimbol Islam &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Cursor berwarna biru yang memukau &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Start Button bersimbol Allah &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Gadget Desktop penunjuk waktu Sholat &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Untuk menginstal Theme ini, &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/11/cara-menginstal-3rd-party-theme-pada.html" target="_blank"&gt;ikuti petunjuk yang ada disini&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Themes by : &lt;a href="http://yonited.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Yonited&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Download Islamic Windows 7 Theme &lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h4&gt;Normal Version : &lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?psav32j0xwjls1l" target="_blank"&gt;Via Mediafire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;  &lt;h4&gt;Aero Version : &lt;a href="http://www.mediafire.com/?i50eofqx6b7boxx" target="_blank"&gt;Via Mediafire&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h4&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-6071798308902930466?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/AIjROILtGxU" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/6071798308902930466/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/islamic-windows-7-theme.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/6071798308902930466?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/6071798308902930466?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/AIjROILtGxU/islamic-windows-7-theme.html" title="Islamic Windows 7 Theme" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Z0uuEQfWZRU/Tyimr0S8uYI/AAAAAAAABGY/hA-Jumu5UTk/s72-c/Islamic-Windows-7-Theme_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/02/islamic-windows-7-theme.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ak8MSHw6cSp7ImA9WhRbEEw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-5057939639125543562</id><published>2012-01-31T21:08:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-31T21:08:09.219+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-31T21:08:09.219+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Microbiology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Genetics" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Education" /><title>Genetic Mechanism of Drug Resistance</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-5YajYKY4q4k/Tyf1rSiStfI/AAAAAAAABGA/bedVAH2XtkU/s1600-h/Genetic%252520Mechanism%252520of%252520Drug%252520Resistance%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Genetic Mechanism of Drug Resistance" border="0" alt="Genetic Mechanism of Drug Resistance" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mGjE1JIkZjk/Tyf1wSchepI/AAAAAAAABGI/8LcVPBUBPtk/Genetic%252520Mechanism%252520of%252520Drug%252520Resistance_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="240" height="183" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Antibiotic resistance in bacteria may either be intrinsic or acquired. Intrinsic resistance means that the bacteria were resistant to the antibiotic even before the antibiotic was introduced. Acquired resistance means that a bacterium that was previously sensitive to an antibiotic has now turned resistant. It is the acquired resistance that is of great importance because it would result in treatment failure as well as potential dissemination of resistance to other bacteria.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The physiological mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Inactivation of the antibiotic by enzymes produced by the bacteria&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Alteration of target proteins such that the antibiotic doesn’t bind or binds with decreased affinity&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Alteration of the membrane which decreases the permeability of the antibiotic&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Active efflux of the antibiotic&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Development of alternate metabolic pathway to bypass the action of antibiotic&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;The genetic mechanisms of antibiotic resistance include: &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h3 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Mutations:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/basics-of-mutation.html" target="_blank"&gt;Mutations&lt;/a&gt; can alter the protein to which the antibiotic must bind resulting in a protein with little or no affinity for the&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;drug. Mutations can be either step-wise, as seen with Penicillin, where high levels of resistance are achieved by a series of small-step mutations. Multiple-drug resistance in Mycobacteria is apparently the result of the step-wise accumulation of resistance to individual drugs. Mutations can also be one-step where single mutation is sufficient to bring about resistance in the bacteria as in Streptomycin resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. In case of tuberculosis, Mycobacteria are known to mutate during the course of treatment. Initially the anti-tubercular drug kills the bacteria but soon resistant mutants develop which would eventually replace the sensitive ones resulting in treatment failure. It is for this reason that multiple drugs are included in the treatment of tuberculosis.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Examples:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Methicillin resistance in &lt;i&gt;S.aureus &lt;/i&gt;due to mutation in Penicillin Binding Protein&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Mutations in genes are associated with isoniazid and rifampin resistance in &lt;i&gt;Mycobacterium tuberculosis&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Transferable drug resistance:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Drug resistance can be transferred between related bacteria or different taxonomic groups by the process of &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/transfer-of-genetic-material.html" target="_blank"&gt;conjugation and transduction&lt;/a&gt;. Drug resistance mediated by R plasmids is the most important method of drug resistance. Acquisition of R factor confers resistance to several antibiotics.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Examples:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Resistance to penicillins in Gram negative bacteria due to beta-lantanas enzymes coded by plasmids&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Resistance to penicillin in Staphylococci due to beta-lactamase transferred by transduction&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Resistance to Chloramphenicol in &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/microorgnism-nomenclature.html" target="_blank"&gt;Salmonella&lt;/a&gt; due to chloramphenicol acetyl transferase coded by a plasmid&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Source: &lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.microrao.com" target="_blank"&gt;&lt;font size="1"&gt;Sridhar Rao&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-5057939639125543562?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/Zmjl1J4TbEY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/5057939639125543562/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/genetic-mechanism-of-drug-resistance.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5057939639125543562?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5057939639125543562?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/Zmjl1J4TbEY/genetic-mechanism-of-drug-resistance.html" title="Genetic Mechanism of Drug Resistance" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-mGjE1JIkZjk/Tyf1wSchepI/AAAAAAAABGI/8LcVPBUBPtk/s72-c/Genetic%252520Mechanism%252520of%252520Drug%252520Resistance_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/genetic-mechanism-of-drug-resistance.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DEIASX8zeyp7ImA9WhRUGU8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-8872010702862809424</id><published>2012-01-30T15:58:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-30T19:29:08.183+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-30T19:29:08.183+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Microbiology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Biotechnology" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Education" /><title>Important Viruses and Bacterial Genera in Food</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;On a previous post, I've explained about &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/important-mold-and-yeast-genera-in-food.html" target="_blank"&gt;Important Mold and yeast Genera in food&lt;/a&gt;. Now, let's continue on Important viruses and bacterial in food.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="left"&gt;Important Viruses in Food&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-jgbaJXGr2Dk/TyZbhEmFmwI/AAAAAAAABFo/MuCOwu85LLg/s1600-h/Important%252520Viruses%252520and%252520Bacterial%252520genera%252520in%252520Food%25255B7%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Important Viruses and Bacterial genera in Food" border="0" alt="Important Viruses and Bacterial genera in Food" align="left" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-eYZ4T7C5e2I/TyZbv28Dq8I/AAAAAAAABFw/y_gjGUi_g1g/Important%252520Viruses%252520and%252520Bacterial%252520genera%252520in%252520Food_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="252" height="218" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Viruses are important in food for some reasons. Some are able to cause enteric disease, and thus, if present in a food, can cause foodborne diseases. Hepatitis A and Norwalk-like viruses have been implicated in foodborne outbreaks. Several other enteric viruses, such as poliovirus, echo virus, and Coxsackie virus, can cause foodborne diseases. In some countries where the level of sanitation is not very high, they can contaminate foods and cause disease.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Some bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) are used to identify some pathogens (&lt;i&gt;Salmonella &lt;/i&gt;spp., &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;strains) on the basis of the sensitivity of the cells to a series of bacteriophages at appropriate dilutions. Bacteriophages are used to transfer genetic traits in some bacterial species or strains by a process called transduction (e.g., in &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli &lt;/i&gt;or &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus lactis&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Finally, some bacteriophages can be very important because they can cause fermentation failure. Many lactic acid bacteria, used as starter cultures in food fermentation, are sensitive to different bacteriophages. They can infect and destroy starter-culture bacteria, causing product failure. Among the lactic acid bacteria, bacteriophages have been isolated for many species in the genera &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus, Streptococcus, Leuconostoc, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt;; no bacteriophage of &lt;i&gt;Pediococcus &lt;/i&gt;is yet known. Methods are being devised to genetically engineer lactic starter cultures so that they become resistant to multiple bacteriophages.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;Important Bacterial Genera&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Bacterial classiﬁcation is changing rapidly. In &lt;i&gt;Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology&lt;/i&gt;, published between 1984 and 1988, more than 420 bacterial genera are listed in 33 sections on the basis of their differences in characteristics. Since then, many other genera have been created, such as &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus &lt;/i&gt;(former N-group or dairy &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt;) and &lt;i&gt;Carnobacterium &lt;/i&gt;(some species previously included in &lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt;). In the ninth edition of &lt;i&gt;Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology &lt;/i&gt;(1993), more than 560 genera are listed in 35 groups. Species of other genera besides these 48 can also be found in food, but their relative signiﬁcance is not well established. Many species names in several genera are also no longer valid and thus not included in the current &lt;i&gt;Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology&lt;/i&gt;. In this text, only species and genera currently approved and listed in &lt;i&gt;Bergey's Manual &lt;/i&gt;are used. Brief important characteristics of these genera and their importance in foods are described below. Since the publication of the ninth edition of &lt;i&gt;Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology&lt;/i&gt;, many other new genera have been created. A few that are important in food are listed separately in this chapter. The second edition of &lt;i&gt;Bergey’s Manual of Systematic Bacteriology &lt;/i&gt;is being published in ﬁve volumes. Once they are published, within the next two to four years, better information will be available on bacterial genera and species important in food.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gram-Negative Aerobes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Campylobacter. &lt;/i&gt;Two species, &lt;i&gt;Campylobacter jejuni &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Cam. coli&lt;/i&gt;, are foodborne pathogens. Small (0.2 ¥ 1 mm) microaerophilic, helical, motile cells found in the intestinal tract of humans, animals, and birds. Mesophiles. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;. Straight or curved (0.5 ¥ 5 mm); aerobes; motile rods; psychrotrophs (grow at low temperatures). Found widely in the environment. Includes large numbers of species. Some important species in foods are &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas ﬂuorescens, Pse. aeruginosa, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Pse. putida. &lt;/i&gt;Important spoilage bacteria, can metabolize a wide variety of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids in foods. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Xanthomonas. &lt;/i&gt;Most characteristics of this group are similar to those for &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;. Plant pathogens, can thus cause spoilage of fruits and vegetables. &lt;i&gt;Xanthomonas campestris &lt;/i&gt;strains used to produce xanthan gum, which is used as a food stabilizer. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Acetobacter. &lt;/i&gt;Ellipsoid to rod-shaped (0.6 ¥ 4 mm); occur singly or in short chains; motile or nonmotile; aerobes; oxidize ethanol to acetic acid; mesophiles. Cause souring of alcoholic beverages and fruit juices and used to produce vinegar (acetic acid). Can also spoil some fruits (rot). Widely distributed in plants and in places where alcohol fermentation occurs. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Acetobacter aceti&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gluconobacter. &lt;/i&gt;Many characteristics of this group similar to those of &lt;i&gt;Acetobacter&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;i&gt;Gluconobacter oxydans &lt;/i&gt;causes spoilage of pineapples, apples, and pears (rot). &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter&lt;/i&gt;. Rods (1 ¥ 2 mm); occur in pairs or small chains; show twitching motility because of the presence of polar ﬁmbriae; strictly aerobic and grow between 20 and 35rC. Found in soil, water, and sewage. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Acinetobacter &lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;calcoaceticus&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Morexella. &lt;/i&gt;Very short rods, frequently approaching coccoid shape (1 ¥ 1.5 mm); occur singly, in pairs, or short chains; may be capsulated; twitching motility may be present in some cells; optimum growth at 30 to 35rC. Found in the mucous membrane of animals and humans. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Morexella lacunata&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alteromonas&lt;/i&gt;. Most currently assigned &lt;i&gt;Alteromonas &lt;/i&gt;species are of marine origin and might be present in foods of marine origin. Need 100 mM NaCl for optimum growth (unlike &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;). Because &lt;i&gt;Alteromonas putrefacience &lt;/i&gt;(species recently reclassiﬁed as &lt;i&gt;Shewanella putrifacience&lt;/i&gt;) has many characters similar to those of &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;, it was previously designated as &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas putrefacience&lt;/i&gt;. Strains important in ﬁsh and meat spoilage. Psychrotrophs. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium. &lt;/i&gt;Rods with parallel sides (0.5 ¥ 3 mm); nonmotile; colonies colored; some species psychrotrophs. Cause spoilage of milk, meat, and other protein foods. Species: &lt;i&gt;Flavobacterium aquatile&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Alcaligenes&lt;/i&gt;. Rods or coccobacilli (0.5 ¥ 1 mm); motile; present in water, soil, or fecal material; mesophiles. Cause spoilage of protein-rich foods. Species: &lt;i&gt;Alcaligenes faecalis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Brucella&lt;/i&gt;. Coccobacilli (0.5 ¥ 1.0 mm); mostly single; nonmotile. Different species cause disease in animals, including cattle, pigs, and sheep. They are also human pathogens and have been implicated in foodborne brucellosis. &lt;i&gt;Brucella abortus &lt;/i&gt;causes abortion in cows. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Psychrobacter. &lt;/i&gt;The genus was created in 1986 and contains one species — &lt;i&gt;Psychro- bacter immobilis&lt;/i&gt;. Coccobacilli (1 ¥ 1.5 mm) and nonmotile. Can grow at 5rC or below, show optimum growth at 20rC, and unable to grow at 35rC. Found in ﬁsh, meat, and poultry products. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gram-Negative Facultative Anaerobes&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Citrobacter. &lt;/i&gt;Straight rods (1 ¥ 4 mm); single or in pairs; usually motile; mesophiles. Found in the intestinal contents of humans, animals, and birds, and in the environment. Included in the coliform group as an indicator of sanitation. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Citrobacter freundii&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Escherichia&lt;/i&gt;. Straight rods (1 ¥ 4 mm); motile or nonmotile; mesophiles. Found in the intestinal contents of humans, warm-blooded animals, and birds. Many strains nonpathogenic, but some strains pathogenic to humans and animals and involved in foodborne diseases. Used as an indicator of sanitation (theoretically nonpatho- genic strains) in coliform and fecal coliform groups. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Escherichia coli&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Enterobacter. &lt;/i&gt;Straight rods (1 ¥ 2 mm); motile; mesophiles. Found in the intestinal contents of humans, animals, birds, and in the environment. Included in the coliform group as an indicator of sanitation. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Enterobacter aero- genes&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Edwardsiella&lt;/i&gt;. Small rods (1 ¥ 2 mm); motile. Found in the intestines of cold-blooded animals and in fresh water. Can be pathogenic to humans, but involvement in foodborne disease not shown. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Erwinia. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (1 ¥ 2 mm); occur in pairs or short chains; motile; facultative anaerobes; optimum growth at 30rC. Many are plant pathogens and cause spoilage of plant products. Species: &lt;i&gt;Erwinia amylovora&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Hafnia. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (1 ¥ 2 m); motile; mesophiles. Found in intestinal contents of humans, animals, and birds, and in the environment. Associated with food spoilage. Species: &lt;i&gt;Hafnia alvei&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Klebsiella. &lt;/i&gt;Medium rods (1 ¥ 4 mm); occur singly or in pairs; motile; capsulated; mesophiles. Found in the intestinal contents of humans, animals, and birds; soil; water; and grains. Included in the coliform group as an indicator of sanitation. Important species: &lt;i&gt;Klebsiella pneumoniae&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Morganella. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (0.5 ¥ 1 mm), motile, mesophiles. Found in the intestinal contents of humans and animals. Can be pathogenic but has not been implicated in foodborne disease. Species: &lt;i&gt;Morganella morganii&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Proteus. &lt;/i&gt;Straight, small rods (0.5 ¥ 1.5 mm); highly motile; form swarm on agar media; some grow at low temperature. Occur in the intestinal contents of humans and animals and the environment. Many involved in food spoilage. Species: &lt;i&gt;Proteus vulgaris&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Salmonella. &lt;/i&gt;Medium rods (1 ¥ 4 mm); usually motile; mesophiles. There are over 2000 serovars and all are regarded as human pathogens. Found in the intestinal contents of humans, animals, birds, and insects. Major cause of foodborne diseases. Species: &lt;i&gt;Salmonella enterica &lt;/i&gt;ssp. &lt;i&gt;enterica. &lt;/i&gt;(See Chapter 25 for the new naming system.) &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Shigella. &lt;/i&gt;Medium rods; nonmotile; mesophiles. Found in the intestine of humans and primates. Associated with foodborne diseases. Species: &lt;i&gt;Shigella dysenteriae&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Serratia. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (0.5 ¥ 1.5 mm); motile; colonies white, pink, or red; some grow at refrigerated temperature. Occur in the environment. Cause food spoilage. Species: &lt;i&gt;Serratia liquefaciens&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Y&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ersinia. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (0.5 ¥ 1 mm); motile or nonmotile; can grow at 1rC. Present in the intestinal contents of animals. &lt;i&gt;Yersinia enterocolitica &lt;/i&gt;has been involved in foodborne disease outbreaks. &lt;i&gt;V&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ibrio&lt;/i&gt;. Curved rods (0.5 ¥ 1.0 mm); motile; mesophiles. Found in freshwater and marine environments. Some species need NaCl for growth. Several species are pathogens and have been involved in foodborne disease (&lt;i&gt;Vibrio cholerae, Vib. parahaemolyticus, &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Vib. vulniﬁcus&lt;/i&gt;), whereas others can cause food spoilage (&lt;i&gt;Vib. alginolyticus&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Aeromonas. &lt;/i&gt;Small rods (0.5 ¥ 1.0 mm); occur singly or in pairs; motile; psychrotrophs. Found in a water environment. &lt;i&gt;Aeromonas hydrophila &lt;/i&gt;has been suspected as a potential foodborne pathogen. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Plesiomonas&lt;/i&gt;. Small rods (0.5 ¥ 1.0 mm), motile. Found in ﬁsh and aquatic animals. &lt;i&gt;Plesiomonas shigelloides &lt;/i&gt;has been suspected as a potential foodborne pathogen. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Rickettsias&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Coxiella. &lt;/i&gt;Gram-negative; nonmotile; very small cells (0.2 ¥ 0.5 mm); grow on host cells. Relatively resistant to high temperature (killed by pasteurization). &lt;i&gt;Coxiella burnetii &lt;/i&gt;causes infection in cattle and has been implicated with Q fever in humans (especially on consuming unpasteurized milk). &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gram-Positive Cocci&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Micrococcus. &lt;/i&gt;Spherical cells (0.2 to 2 mm); occur in pairs, tetrads, or clusters; aerobes; nonmotile; some species produce yellow colonies; mesophiles, resistant to low heat. Found in mammalian skin. Can cause spoilage. Species: &lt;i&gt;Micrococcus luteus&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus. &lt;/i&gt;Spherical cells (0.5 to 1 mm); occur singly, in pairs, or clusters; nonmotile; mesophiles; facultative anaerobes; grow in 10% NaCl. &lt;i&gt;Staphylococcus aureus &lt;/i&gt;strains are frequently involved in foodborne diseases. &lt;i&gt;Sta. carnosus &lt;/i&gt;is used for processing some fermented sausages. Main habitat is skin of humans, animals, and birds. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt;. Spherical or ovoid (1 mm); occur in pairs or chains; nonmotile; facultative anaerobes; mesophiles. &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus pyogenes &lt;/i&gt;is pathogenic and has been implicated in foodborne diseases; present as commensals in human respiratory tract. &lt;i&gt;Str. thermophilus &lt;/i&gt;is used in dairy fermentation; can be present in raw milk; can grow at 50rC. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Enterococcus. &lt;/i&gt;Spheroid cells (1 mm); occur in pairs or chains; nonmotile; facultative anaerobes; some strains survive low heat (pasteurization); mesophiles. Normal habitat is the intestinal contents of humans, animals, and birds, and the environment. Can establish on equipment surfaces. Used as an indicator of sanitation. Important in food spoilage. Species: &lt;i&gt;Enterococcus faecalis&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lactococcus&lt;/i&gt;. Ovoid elongated cells (0.5 to 1.0 mm); occur in pairs or short chains; nonmotile; facultative anaerobes; mesophiles, but can grow at 10rC; produce lactic acid. Used to produce many bioprocessed foods, especially fermented dairy foods. Species: &lt;i&gt;Lactococcus lactis &lt;/i&gt;subsp. &lt;i&gt;lactis &lt;/i&gt;and subsp. &lt;i&gt;cremoris&lt;/i&gt;; present in raw milk and plants and several strains produce bacteriocins, some with a relatively wide host range against Gram-positive bacteria and have potential as food biopreservatives. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Leuconostoc. &lt;/i&gt;Spherical or lenticular cells; occur in pairs or chains; nonmotile; facul- tative anaerobes; heterolactic fermentators; mesophiles, but some species and strains can grow at or below 3rC. Some are used in food fermentation. Psychrotrophic strains are associated with spoilage (gas formation) of vacuum-pack- aged refrigerated foods. Found in plants, meat, and milk. Species: &lt;i&gt;Leuconostoc mesenteroides &lt;/i&gt;subsp. &lt;i&gt;mesenteroides, Leu. lactis, Leu. carnosum. Leu. mesenteroides &lt;/i&gt;subsp. &lt;i&gt;dextranicum &lt;/i&gt;produces dextran while growing in sucrose. Several strains produce bacteriocins, some with a wide spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria, and these have potential as food biopreservatives. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;P&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;ediococcus&lt;/i&gt;. Spherical cells (1 mm); form tetrads; mostly present in pairs; nonmotile; facultative anaerobes; homolactic fermentators; mesophiles, but some can grow at 50rC; some survive pasteurization. Some species and strains are used in food fermentation. Some can cause spoilage of alcoholic beverages. Found in vegetative materials and in some food products. Species: &lt;i&gt;Pediococcus acidilactici &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Ped. pentosaceus. &lt;/i&gt;Several strains produce bacteriocins, some with a wide spectrum against Gram-positive bacteria, and they can be used as food biopreservatives. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sarcina. &lt;/i&gt;Large, spherical cells (1 to 2 mm); occur in packets of eight or more; nonmotile; produce acid and gas from carbohydrates; facultative anaerobes. Present in soil, plant products, and animal feces. Can be involved in spoilage of foods of plant origin. Species: &lt;i&gt;Sarcina maxima&lt;/i&gt;. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;Gram-Positive, Endospore-Forming Rods&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;Rod-shaped, straight cells; vary widely in size (small, medium, or large; 0.5–1 ¥ 2–10 mm) and shape (thick or thin); single or in chains; motile or nonmotile; mesophiles or psychrotrophic; aerobes or facultative anaerobes; all form endospores that are spherical or oval and large or small (one per cell), spores are highly heat resistant. Includes many species, some of which are important in foods, because they can cause foodborne disease (&lt;i&gt;Bacillus cereus&lt;/i&gt;) and food spoilage, especially in canned products (&lt;i&gt;Bac. coagulans, Bac. stearo- thermophilus&lt;/i&gt;). Enzymes of some species and strains are used in food biopro- cessing (&lt;i&gt;Bac&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;. subtilis&lt;/i&gt;). Present in soil, dust, and plant products (especially spices). Many species and strains can produce extracellular enzymes that hydrolyze carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Sporolactobacillus. &lt;/i&gt;Slender, medium-sized rods (1 ¥ 4 mm); motile; microaerophilic; homolactic fermentors; form endospores (spore formation is rare in most media), but the spores are less heat resistant than &lt;i&gt;Bacillus &lt;/i&gt;spores. Found in chicken feed and soil. Importance in food is not clearly known. Species: &lt;i&gt;Sporolactobacillus inulinus.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Clostridium. &lt;/i&gt;Rod-shaped cells that vary widely in size and shape; motile or nonmotile; anaerobes (some species extremely sensitive to oxygen); mesophiles or psychrotrophic; form endospores (oval or spherical) usually at one end of the cell, some species sporulate poorly, spores are heat resistant. Found in soil, marine sediments, sewage, decaying vegetation, and animal and plant products. Some are pathogens and important in food (&lt;i&gt;Clostridium botulinum, Clo. perfringens&lt;/i&gt;) and others are important in food spoilage (&lt;i&gt;Clo. tyrobutyricum, Clo. saccharolyticum, Clo. laramie&lt;/i&gt;). Some species are used as sources of enzymes to hydrolyze carbo- hydrates and proteins in food processing. &lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;font size="5"&gt;Gram-Negative, Endospore-Forming Rods&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Desulfotomaculum. &lt;/i&gt;One species important in food is &lt;i&gt;Delsufatomaculum nigriﬁcans&lt;/i&gt;. The medium sized cells are rod shaped, motile, thermophilic, strictly anaerobes, and produce H2S. Endospores are oval and resistant to heat. Found in soil. Cause spoilage of canned food.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gram-Positive, Nonsporulating Regular Rods&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus&lt;/i&gt;. Rod-shaped cells that vary widely in shape and size, some are very long whereas others are coccobacilli, appear in single or in small and large chains; facultative anaerobes; most species are nonmotile; mesophiles (but some are psychrotrophs); can be homo- or heterolactic fermentors. Found in plant sources, milk, meat, and feces. Many are used in food bioprocessing (&lt;i&gt;Lactobacillus delbrueckii &lt;/i&gt;subsp. &lt;i&gt;bulgaricus, Lab. helveticus, Lab. plantarum&lt;/i&gt;) and some are used as probiotics (&lt;i&gt;Lab. acidophilus, Lab. reuteri, Lab. casei &lt;/i&gt;subsp. &lt;i&gt;casei&lt;/i&gt;). Some species can grow at low temperatures in products stored at refrigerated temperature (&lt;i&gt;Lab. sake, Lab. curvatus&lt;/i&gt;). Several strains produce bacteriocins, of which some having a wide spectrum can be used as food biopreservatives.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Carnobacterium. &lt;/i&gt;Similar in many characteristics to lactobacilli cells; found in meat and ﬁsh; facultative anaerobes; heterofermentative; nonmotile; can grow in foods,&amp;#160; especially in meat products; stored at refrigerated temperature. Some strains pro- duce bacteriocins. Species: &lt;i&gt;Carnobacterium piscicola&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Brochothrix. &lt;/i&gt;Similar in many characteristics to lactobacilli; facultative anaerobes; homofermentative; nonmotile; found in meat. Can grow in refrigerated vacuum- packaged meat and meat products. Species: &lt;i&gt;Brochothrix thermosphacta&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Listeria. &lt;/i&gt;Short rods (0.5 ¥ 1 mm); occur singly or in short chains; motile; facultative anaerobes; can grow at 1rC; cells killed by pasteurization. The species are widely distributed in the environment and have been isolated from different types of foods. Some &lt;i&gt;Listeria monocytogenes &lt;/i&gt;strains are important foodborne pathogens.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Gram-Positive, Nonsporeforming Irregular Rods&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Corynebacterium. &lt;/i&gt;Slightly curved rods; some cells stain unevenly; facultative anaerobes; nonmotile; mesophiles; found in the environment, plants, and animals. Some species cause food spoilage. &lt;i&gt;Corynebacterium glutamicum &lt;/i&gt;is used to produce glutamic acid.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Brevibacterium. &lt;/i&gt;Cells can change from rod to coccoid shape; aerobes; nonmotile; mesophiles. Two species, &lt;i&gt;Brevibacterium linens &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Bre. casei&lt;/i&gt;, have been implicated in the development of the aroma in several cheese varieties (surface ripened), because of the production of sulfur compounds (such as methanethiol). In other protein-rich products, they can cause spoilage (in ﬁsh). They are found in different cheeses and raw milk.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Propionibacterium. &lt;/i&gt;Pleomorphic rods (0.5 ¥ 2 mm); can be coccoid, biﬁd, or branched; present singly or in short chains; V and Y conﬁguration and in clumps with Chinese- character-like arrangement; nonmotile; anaerobes; mesophiles. Dairy propionibacteria are used in food fermentation (&lt;i&gt;Propionibacterium freudenreichii &lt;/i&gt;in Swiss cheese). Produce proline and propionic acid. Found in raw milk, Swiss cheese, and silage.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;&lt;i&gt;Biﬁdobacterium&lt;/i&gt;. Rods of various shapes; present singly or in chains; arranged in V or star-like shape; nonmotile; mesophiles; anaerobes. Metabolize carbohydrates to lactate and acetate. Found in colons of humans, animals, and birds. Some species are used in probiotics (&lt;i&gt;Biﬁdobacterium biﬁdum, Bif. infantis, Bif. adolescentis&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h3 align="left"&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;Some New Genera&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Based on nucleic acid homology studies, several new genera have been created from the existing genera. Some that are important in food microbiology are listed here. Most of their characteristics are similar to those of the species in the respective old genera. Examples include &lt;i&gt;Tetragenococcus &lt;/i&gt;(from &lt;i&gt;Pediococcus&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Vagococcus &lt;/i&gt;(from N-group &lt;i&gt;Streptococcus&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Weissella &lt;/i&gt;and &lt;i&gt;Oenococcus &lt;/i&gt;(both from &lt;i&gt;Leuconostoc&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Kocu- ria &lt;/i&gt;(from &lt;i&gt;Micrococcus&lt;/i&gt;), &lt;i&gt;Shewanella &lt;/i&gt;(from &lt;i&gt;Pseudomonas&lt;/i&gt;), and &lt;i&gt;Alicyclobacillus &lt;/i&gt;(from &lt;i&gt;Bacillus&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-8872010702862809424?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/VDMn39v8If4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/8872010702862809424/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/important-viruses-and-bacterial-genera.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8872010702862809424?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8872010702862809424?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/VDMn39v8If4/important-viruses-and-bacterial-genera.html" title="Important Viruses and Bacterial Genera in Food" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-eYZ4T7C5e2I/TyZbv28Dq8I/AAAAAAAABFw/y_gjGUi_g1g/s72-c/Important%252520Viruses%252520and%252520Bacterial%252520genera%252520in%252520Food_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/important-viruses-and-bacterial-genera.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkIAQ3s6fSp7ImA9WhRUGEk.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-3608324416935975702</id><published>2012-01-29T19:54:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-29T21:49:02.515+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-29T21:49:02.515+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Unsyiah" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Kampus" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Teaching" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Education" /><title>Kalender Akademik Unsyiah 2011/2011</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-TAVA5dLnDpg/TyVBXAvhhhI/AAAAAAAABFQ/4jVYzWqxsy4/s1600-h/logo_unsyiah%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="logo_unsyiah" border="0" alt="logo_unsyiah" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-R3UFCXRDzl8/TyVBeF90DpI/AAAAAAAABFY/UKDenCASVoE/logo_unsyiah_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="134" height="136" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Mengetahui jadwal kuliah, merupakan suatu hal yang sangat penting bagi seorang mahasiswa. Apalagi bagi mahasiswa yang hobinya pulang kampung, mengetahui jadwal kuliah merupakan suatu hal yang wajib.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, yang akan &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"&gt;saya&lt;/a&gt; tampilkan berikut adalah Kalender Akademik Semester Genap Tahun Akademik 2011/2012.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="1" width="552"&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;     &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="149"&gt;         &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Tanggal&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top" width="266"&gt;         &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kegiatan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td valign="top" width="135"&gt;         &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Keterangan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="153"&gt;6 Februari 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="270"&gt;Hari Permulaan Kuliah Semester Genap Tahun Akademik 2011/2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="137"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Bagi yang dikampung, catat di HP tanggal ini. Jangan sampai dosen masuk di ruang private (hanya beberapa mahasiswa yang ada).&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="154"&gt;         &lt;p align="left"&gt;16-17 Februari 2012&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="270"&gt;Perubahan KRS&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="138"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Pada tanggal ini, kamu bisa melapor ke jurusan apabila ada kesalahan sewaktu pengisian KRS Online.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;1-2 Maret 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="269"&gt;Batas Akhir Pengajuan Cuti Akademik&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="139"&gt;         &lt;p&gt;Bagi kamu yang merasa lelah, dan ingin mengambil sedikit liburan, kamu harus ingat tanggal ini.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;9-14 April 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="269"&gt;Ujian Tengah Semester&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="140"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Biasanya disebut dengan midtest. Jangan anggap remeh Ujian ini, nilai dari ujian ini biasanya diambil 20%-30%. Jadi ingat tanggal ini ya.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;19-20 April 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="268"&gt;Pembatalan Mata Kuliah yang ada di KRS&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="141"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Sepertinya, akan buang-buang waktu saja jika melakukan ini. Namun, jika ada dari kamu yang terlambat pada tanggal 16-17 Februari 2012, maka inilah kesempatan kedua.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;12 Mei 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Wisuda Sarjana dan Pascasarjana periode Februari-April 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nich, tanggal penting bagi mereka yang sudah selesai….&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;9 Juni 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Hari terakhir Kuliah&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ini bukan hari terakhir kuliah lalu kamu langsung pulang kampung. Namun, tanggal ini merupakan hari terakhir kuliah secara normal, dan bersiap-siap untuk Ujian Akhir.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;11-16 Juni 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Ujian Akhir Semester Genap&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;Persiapkan semuanya ya. Tenaga lahir bathin lah pokoknya…&lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;21-22 Juni 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Pengumuman nilai masa sanggah&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nah, pada tanggal ini, biasanya dosen akan mengumumkan nilai mahasiswa, bisa melalui FB, Mading, dll. Dan pada saat itu pula kita bisa menanyakan tentang nilai kita apabila tidak sesuai.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;23 Juni 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Batas akhir penyerahan nilai mahasiswa&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ingatkan dosennya, jangan sampai kejadiannya seperti saya, satu kelas dapat nilai C+ (sedih &lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-cryingface" alt="Crying face" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-feKvBqK4y4U/TyVBj9zA54I/AAAAAAAABFg/GCqopECtpOo/wlEmoticon-cryingface%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;      &lt;tr&gt;       &lt;td width="155"&gt;2-6 Juli 2012&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="267"&gt;Evaluasi Masa Studi Mahasiswa semester 4, 8, dan 14.&lt;/td&gt;        &lt;td width="142"&gt;         &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ini waktunya siraman rohani. Biasanya dari dosen Wali.&lt;/p&gt;       &lt;/td&gt;     &lt;/tr&gt;   &lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt; Ok, itulah tanggal-tanggal &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/" target="_blank"&gt;pentingnya&lt;/a&gt;. Dicatat ya……      &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-3608324416935975702?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/7CcHtNosD5k" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/3608324416935975702/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kalender-akademik-unsyiah-20112011.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/3608324416935975702?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/3608324416935975702?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/7CcHtNosD5k/kalender-akademik-unsyiah-20112011.html" title="Kalender Akademik Unsyiah 2011/2011" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-R3UFCXRDzl8/TyVBeF90DpI/AAAAAAAABFY/UKDenCASVoE/s72-c/logo_unsyiah_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kalender-akademik-unsyiah-20112011.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DUQDR3kycSp7ImA9WhRUGUw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-8757257767100577371</id><published>2012-01-28T12:28:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-30T16:56:16.799+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-30T16:56:16.799+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Unsyiah" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Photography" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Kampus" /><title>Kampus Universitas Syiah Kuala- Part 1</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;Universitas Syiah Kuala, atau biasa disingkat Unsyiah, adalah perguruan tinggi negeri di Banda Aceh, Indonesia, yang berdiri pada 2 Juni 1961. Rektor Unsyiah pada tahun 2007 adalah Prof. Darni M. Daud PhD. Universitas ini terletak di Banda Aceh, Tepatnya di Kota Pelajar dan Mahasiswa (Kopelma Darussalam. Kampus Unsyiah berjarak 8 Km ke arah timur Kota Banda Aceh, 22 Km dari Bandara Sultan Iskandarmuda, dan 32 Km dari Pelabuhan Malahayati di Krueng Raya. Julukan dari orang Aceh untuk universitas ini adalah “Jantong Hatee Rakyat Aceh”, atau dalam bahasa Indonesianya “Jantung Hati Rakyat Aceh”.    &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Nah, jika kamu ingin menhetahui sejarah dari Unsyiah lebih jauh, kamu bisa membacanya di &lt;a href="http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universitas_Syiah_Kuala" target="_blank"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;, atau menanyakan kepada yang lebih ahli.     &lt;br /&gt;Pada posting kali ini, &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/#axzz1kf41K5bB" target="_blank"&gt;saya&lt;/a&gt; akan menampilkan hasil photo dari dosen &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/#axzz1kf41K5bB" target="_blank"&gt;saya&lt;/a&gt;, Bapak &lt;a href="https://www.facebook.com/suhartono.msc" target="_blank"&gt;Suhartono, M. Sc&lt;/a&gt;. Tentu saja, photo-photo ini saya tampilkan atas izin beliau, karena kalau tidak, saya akan terkena &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/plus-minus-sopa-dan-pipa.html" target="_blank"&gt;dampak SOPA&lt;/a&gt; (takuut).. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;Ok, inilah photo-photonya.. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Gedung Biro (Baru Direnovasi)2" border="0" alt="Gedung Biro (Baru Direnovasi)2" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-VB2GMAU9QPE/TyOVNVRa9RI/AAAAAAAABDw/jlCPKrLVywA/Gedung%252520Biro%252520%252528Baru%252520Direnovasi%2525292.jpg?imgmax=800" width="508" height="359" /&gt;&amp;#160; Gedung Biro Unsyiah&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="AAC Dayan Dawood" border="0" alt="AAC Dayan Dawood" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-JiU_zuiKs7E/TyOHJJJEa1I/AAAAAAAABD8/7j9NUgBZ1F4/AAC%252520Dayan%252520Dawood_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="517" height="371" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160; AAC Dayan Dawood &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Masjid Jami&amp;#39;" border="0" alt="Masjid Jami&amp;#39;" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-Tyh4I3G8jhY/TyOHLKV2wNI/AAAAAAAABEE/rgBjSoSf9WY/Masjid%252520Jami%252527_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="521" height="370" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;Masjid Kebanggaan Kami ^_^&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Fakultas hukum" border="0" alt="Fakultas hukum" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-oIU2TdTDUgU/TyOHNKeMTsI/AAAAAAAABEM/G4_mVpypMlM/Fakultas%252520hukum_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="526" height="371" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;Fakultas Hukum &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan" border="0" alt="Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-Cz-TJzW44SI/TyOHPrjRoBI/AAAAAAAABEU/zwBGB6YbHF8/Fakultas%252520Keguruan%252520dan%252520Ilmu%252520Pendidikan_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="533" height="377" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;Fakultas Kebanggaan, FKIP – Tempo Doeloe &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (Gedung baru)" border="0" alt="Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan (Gedung baru)" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-leQJFHrm5rE/TyOHRnUl-7I/AAAAAAAABEc/AcadHCX4cUM/Fakultas%252520Keguruan%252520dan%252520Ilmu%252520Pendidikan%252520%252528Gedung%252520baru%252529_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="529" height="385" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;FKIP Sekarang – Makin Bangga! &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a class="cloud-zoom" href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-RwLYKguqFx8/TyOHSrc0rUI/AAAAAAAABEg/YdBo1LdCzfQ/s1600-h/Lantai%2525202%252520FKIP.jpg" rel="softFocus: true, position:&amp;#39;inside&amp;#39;, smoothMove:2"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Lantai 2 FKIP" border="0" alt="Lantai 2 FKIP" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-3tdWTFP7qK4/TyOHT2RfdvI/AAAAAAAABEk/czaOmbplwJI/Lantai%2525202%252520FKIP_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="312" height="478" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Diambil dari Lantai 2 (Keren bukan?? – bukan sombong, hanya sedikit angkuh&lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-devil" alt="Devil" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-V1IOK636Av4/TyOHUtY2x6I/AAAAAAAABB0/xgFrJ1H2-ag/wlEmoticon-devil%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Mushalla FKIP" border="0" alt="Mushalla FKIP" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-N20KXJiF_yY/TyOHXKNAFzI/AAAAAAAABEs/79_hZUEMjEk/Mushalla%252520FKIP_thumb.jpg?imgmax=800" width="507" height="358" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;Mushalla FKIP – Walaupun sudah ada yang baru, yang ini tetap banyak pengunjung kok.. &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam" border="0" alt="Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-xVnpkku7Yi4/TyZne6qi5WI/AAAAAAAABF4/qEb-qTN9GzE/Fakultas%252520Matematika%252520dan%252520Ilmu%252520Pengetahuan%252520Alam.jpg?imgmax=800" width="541" height="338" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;FMIPA – Basecamp yang punya photo &lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-winkingsmile" alt="Winking smile" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-HgHwtQSIfFo/TyOHaK22b_I/AAAAAAAABCg/36k0UO1hgKk/wlEmoticon-winkingsmile%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160; &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Halaman MIPA" border="0" alt="Halaman MIPA" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-9PW5GlC8jNM/TyOHcPzfBpI/AAAAAAAABE8/ymJO4188YTA/Halaman%252520MIPA_thumb%25255B1%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="547" height="382" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;Halaman FMIPA – Biar beliau makin senang&lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-rollingonthefloorlaughing" alt="Rolling on the floor laughing" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-w7j-PK_bFyo/TyOHc9VEtYI/AAAAAAAABC0/WoUXPol9soA/wlEmoticon-rollingonthefloorlaughing%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Lab MIPA" border="0" alt="Lab MIPA" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-tVp-Cl-ruJU/TyOHe2RBcmI/AAAAAAAABFE/845GJngG-PA/Lab%252520MIPA_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="553" height="392" /&gt;   &lt;p align="center"&gt;Laboratorium FMIPA – Yang paling bikin iri&lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-cryingface" alt="Crying face" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-E13F7m5SZHw/TyOHfhLjHkI/AAAAAAAABDM/14aDabht9W0/wlEmoticon-cryingface%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt; &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;   &lt;br /&gt;    &lt;br /&gt;Bagaimana, keren bukan, supaya kamu lebih takjub, saya berikan bonus, ini adalah tempat saya weekend setiap minggunya..Bukan untuk mandi, tapi untuk menyembuhkan kaki (&lt;span style="color: blue"&gt;&lt;em&gt;cemkam – &lt;/em&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style="color: #333333"&gt;yang tidak tahu artinya, lebih baik kamu tidak tahu!)&lt;/span&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a class="cloud-zoom" href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-fJAe0hVk6Is/TyOHgwd6lSI/AAAAAAAABFI/YIKADCB_qio/s1600-h/Pantai%252520Lampuuk%25255B2%25255D.jpg" rel="softFocus: true, position:&amp;#39;inside&amp;#39;, smoothMove:2"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Pantai Lampuuk" border="0" alt="Pantai Lampuuk" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-tgRCPhsi6zI/TyOHhlsev-I/AAAAAAAABFM/to-B7_Wy_JM/Pantai%252520Lampuuk_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="557" height="405" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;     &lt;br /&gt;Ini bukan di Phuket, lebih-lebih Hawaii…tapi ini di Lampuuk… lebih keren dari Hawaii ataupun Phuket..     &lt;br /&gt;Ok, ditunggu yang Part 2-nya ya…(saya juga menunggu dari beliau &lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-cryingface" alt="Crying face" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-E13F7m5SZHw/TyOHfhLjHkI/AAAAAAAABDM/14aDabht9W0/wlEmoticon-cryingface%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt;) &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-8757257767100577371?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/bK58mKNPSJY" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/8757257767100577371/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kampus-universitas-syiah-kuala-part-1.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8757257767100577371?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8757257767100577371?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/bK58mKNPSJY/kampus-universitas-syiah-kuala-part-1.html" title="Kampus Universitas Syiah Kuala- Part 1" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-VB2GMAU9QPE/TyOVNVRa9RI/AAAAAAAABDw/jlCPKrLVywA/s72-c/Gedung%252520Biro%252520%252528Baru%252520Direnovasi%2525292.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kampus-universitas-syiah-kuala-part-1.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CU8CSX08fCp7ImA9WhRUFk4.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-3198033174033271223</id><published>2012-01-27T10:11:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T10:11:08.374+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-27T10:11:08.374+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Metro Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Metro adalah “design language” yang dirancang khusus untuk memudahkan penggunaan layar sentuh yang cepat dan responsiv. Pada saat pertama kali dibuat untuk &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Windows&lt;/a&gt; Phone 7. Namun, pada saat ini, tampilan Metro juga dapat kita lihat di Windows 8.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-y12_Trz8YZQ/TyIVUi16zZI/AAAAAAAAA_Y/TubdONYlh3Y/s1600-h/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B5%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-bXl1S1A2tgs/TyIVeFkVlaI/AAAAAAAAA_g/j2glH_WZN9g/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="304" height="197" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, sekarang kita lanjutkan pada &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%207" target="_blank"&gt;Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt;-nya. Metro Skin Pack 1.0 ini akan memberikan tampilan tablet yang sangat menarik bagi komputer kamu. Dominasi warna putih, akan memberikan nuansa minimalis dan tampilan icon yang persegi, akan mempertegas nuansa minimalis tersebut. Yang akan saya post berikut ini, ada dua versi yaitu Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue dan Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green. Kedua Skin Pack ini dibuat oleh &lt;a href="http://the-dhruv-8.deviantart.com" target="_blank"&gt;The-Dhruv-8&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;1. Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-095Cqz2c_jo/TyIVobmseWI/AAAAAAAAA_o/Sedg5eWVqAU/s1600-h/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520Blue%252520For%252520Windows%2525207%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue For Windows 7" border="0" alt="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue For Windows 7" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-alq1-LDgqNY/TyIVvEwRIkI/AAAAAAAAA_w/adGfJ1_t9CQ/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520Blue%252520For%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="545" height="362" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281597592/metro_skin_pack_v1_0_blue_x86_by_the_dhruv_8-d4nnm3c.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue (Windows 7 32bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281599695/metro_skin_pack_v1_0_blue_x64_by_the_dhruv_8-d4nnnpr.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Blue (Windows 7 64bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;2. Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-OOh_Fw4Wz2w/TyIVwbL7ItI/AAAAAAAAA_4/P-V7gmImeaY/s1600-h/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520Green%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green for Windows 7" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-hA7dbHQy1hc/TyIVyUmrCjI/AAAAAAAABAA/pxRpcuS1ulI/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520Green%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="548" height="340" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281578110/metro_skin_pack_v1_0_green_x86_by_the_dhruv_8-d4nn726.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green (Windows 7 32bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281576438/metro_skin_pack_v1_0_green_x64_by_the_dhruv_8-d4nn5rq.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Metro Skin Pack 1.0 Green (Windows 7 64bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-3198033174033271223?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/xT59MhrUVA4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/3198033174033271223/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/metro-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/3198033174033271223?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/3198033174033271223?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/xT59MhrUVA4/metro-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" title="Metro Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-bXl1S1A2tgs/TyIVeFkVlaI/AAAAAAAAA_g/j2glH_WZN9g/s72-c/Metro%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/metro-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEMEQH09fyp7ImA9WhRUFUs.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-1430706555481638568</id><published>2012-01-26T14:20:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-26T14:20:01.367+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-26T14:20:01.367+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%20Themes" target="_blank"&gt;Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt; terbaru telah hadir..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 ini adalah variant terbaru dari &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;. Skin Pack ini terlihat sangat sederhana, seperti namanya. Warnanya di dominasi oleh hitam, abu-abu, dan putih.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Tampilan Simplify Skin Pack 1.0&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Zaa4Xmx9ugE/TyD-lhlWYwI/AAAAAAAAA-4/YiECbDfTIKc/s1600-h/Simplify%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-f1qEaNxQmbc/TyD-m_dC9NI/AAAAAAAAA_A/Xdg9fL7yWOo/Simplify%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="562" height="381" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Yang menarik dari Skin Pack kali ini adalah tidak adanya &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/10/perbedaan-antara-theme-themepack-skin.html" target="_blank"&gt;bootscreen&lt;/a&gt;. Mungkin saja, hal ini terjadi karena tidak adanya bootscreen yang sesuai dengan tema Simple…&lt;img style="border-bottom-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-top-style: none; border-left-style: none" class="wlEmoticon wlEmoticon-winkingsmile" alt="Winking smile" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-ss5usj_nFKQ/TyD-n4ykO0I/AAAAAAAAA_I/bzUKMwU-SHs/wlEmoticon-winkingsmile%25255B2%25255D.png?imgmax=800" /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, bagi yang tertarik, ayo download..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281450225/simplify_skin_pack_1_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4nkgdt.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (32bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/281449388/simplify_skin_pack_1_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4nkfqk.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (64bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h3 align="center"&gt;Selamat Mencoba&lt;/h3&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-1430706555481638568?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/6iAh3qnZEk4" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/1430706555481638568/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/simplify-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/1430706555481638568?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/1430706555481638568?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/6iAh3qnZEk4/simplify-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" title="Simplify Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-f1qEaNxQmbc/TyD-m_dC9NI/AAAAAAAAA_A/Xdg9fL7yWOo/s72-c/Simplify%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/simplify-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;Ak4CRXo_fyp7ImA9WhRUFEQ.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-5665844251660062236</id><published>2012-01-25T20:42:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-25T20:42:44.447+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-25T20:42:44.447+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="My Opinions" /><title>Naik Angkot Tidak Aman??</title><content type="html">&lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ezimze87oSw/TyAGZl0imCI/AAAAAAAAA-Y/Vzw8f6WZRdI/s1600-h/Angkutan%252520umum%252520itu%252520aman%25255B7%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: left; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Angkutan umum itu aman" border="0" alt="Angkutan umum itu aman" align="left" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-23QjMhE8QWg/TyAGm26ukhI/AAAAAAAAA-g/csCyvc54y-s/Angkutan%252520umum%252520itu%252520aman_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="293" height="224" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Beberapa hari ini, kita sering mendengar banyaknya aksi kejahatan yang terjadi di “angkot”, atau angkutan umum. Dan yang menyedihkan lagi adalah sebgaian besar korbannya adalah kaum perempuan. Karena seperti yang telah kita ketahui, merekalah yang paling sering menggunakan jasa transportasi ini, mulai dari kegiatan rumah tangga, kantor, maupun perkuliahan dan sekolah.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Angkutan umum, yang seharusnya menjadi alat transportasi yang mudah dijangkau dan aman, menjadi momok yang menakutkan bagi para penggunanya, baik laki-laki dan perempuan. Karena di angkutan umum ini rawan terjadi aksi kejahatan apalagi waktu dan tempat mendukung, misalnya penumpang sudah sedikit dan berada pada tempat yang jarang dilalui orang.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Banyak orang yang dirugikan karena hal ini, baik itu dari pihak angkutan umum, dan pihak masyarakat pengguna angkutan umum tersebut. Banyak pihak angkutan umum yang mengeluh karena pendapatannya menurun seiring jalannya pemberitaan ini. Di lain pihak, masyarakat juga harus mengeluarkan uang ekstra untuk menggunakan angkutan alternatif pengganti angkutan umum yang biasa digunakannya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ada beberapa hal yang yang menyebabkan aksi kejahatan ini terjadi. Baik itu disebabkan oleh “si pelaku”, maupun yang disebabkan oleh “si korban” itu sendiri. Nah, hal-hal yang menyebabkan seringnya terjadi aksi kejahatn di angkutan ini antara lain:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;1. Adanya Kesempatan&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Ya, seperti kata Bang Napi, Kejahatan itu terjadi bukan karena niat pelaku, namun karena ada kesempatan. Jadi Waspadalah!!. Banyak aksi kejahatan di angkutan umum, seperti pencopetan, itu terjadi karena ada kesempatan. Bisa terjadi saat si korban sedang lengah, tertidur (makanya, jangan pernah tidur dalam angkot), bahkan saat si korban sedang asik berbicara. Nah, untuk menghindari aksi kejahatan ini, selalu letakkan barang-barang berharga di pangkuan kamu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;2. Pengaruh Minuman Keras&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Yaps, ini yang paling menarik. Beberapa hari ini, kita sering mendengar dan melihat di TV berita tentang pencabutan Perda Miras. Tapi untunglah, menurut &lt;a href="http://regional.kompas.com/read/2012/01/25/19372014/Perda.Miras.Tidak.Akan.Dicabut" target="_blank"&gt;koran Kompas online&lt;/a&gt; yang saya baca, Pencabutan Perda ini tidak terjadi. Alhamdulillah..&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Karena, sebagai penganut agama Islam, kita tahu bahwa minuman keras (khamar) itu haram. Kenapa haram????? ya karena Minuman Keras itu merupakan pintu untuk menuju dosa-dosa besar selanjutnya. Dan menurut Polisi, sebagian besar aksi kejahatan ini disebabkan oleh si pelaku baru saja minum minuman keras atau masih dalam pengaruh minuman keras. Jadi, JAUHI MINUMAN KERAS!!&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="justify"&gt;3. Pengaruh Penampilan&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Hal ini lebih ditujukan kepada para pengguna angkutan umum. Memang, semua orang ingin tampil beda untuk menjadi pusat perhatian. Nah, yang harus kamu sadari adalah, selain menjadi pusat perhatian, kamu juga bisa menjadi sumber kejahatan. Saran saya, berpenampilanlah secara sederhana saat ingin menggunakan angktuan umum, khusus bagi pengguna perempuan, berpakaianlah secara sopan, menutup aurat (tertutup, &lt;strong&gt;pakai Jilbab&lt;/strong&gt; – &lt;em&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;font color="#ff0000"&gt;Recommended&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/em&gt;), serta bawalah barang-barang berharga seperlunya saja.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-RnRRhmioaNI/TyAGtgQgqHI/AAAAAAAAA-o/eDywqoBe8Yg/s1600-h/Ankutan%252520Umum%252520Aceh%252520-%252520Labi-labi%25255B4%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; float: right; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Ankutan Umum Aceh - Labi-labi" border="0" alt="Ankutan Umum Aceh - Labi-labi" align="right" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-7GU4ZwYf5lk/TyAGzsoN5MI/AAAAAAAAA-w/a6zXCBLC7Pk/Ankutan%252520Umum%252520Aceh%252520-%252520Labi-labi_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="291" height="224" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Selanjutnya, saya ingin membuat sedikit gambaran. Terlepas dari semua image tentang orang Aceh (sifat kerasnya), saya dan mungkin kamu juga, sangat jarang mendengar hal ini terjadi di Aceh. Menurut pemikiran saya, ada beberapa hal yang mendasarinya, yaitu:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Siapapun orangnya, atas nama pemabuk, akan sangat sulit untuk bersosialisasi di Aceh, dan mencari pekerjaan pun menjadi lebih sulit. Hal ini disebabkan oleh anggapan orang Aceh bahwa pemabuk itu tidak ada sifat bagusnya, dan membuat malu keluarga, serta kampungnya (walaupun kadang-kadang bagus).&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="justify"&gt;Perempuan pengguna angkutan umum (labi-labi) di Aceh, Alhamdulillah sekali sampai sekarang selalu mengenakan jilbabnya. Walaupun terkadang bajunya entah bagaimana modelnya, Alhamdulillah mereka masih mengenakan jilbab.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p align="justify"&gt;Itulah dasar pemikiran saya. Angkutan umum itu akan aman, selama kita sebagai penggunanya mendukung keadaan aman itu sendiri. Selalu jaga diri, bertawakkal kepada Allah SWT. Itulah kuncinya. Semoga kita selalu dalam lindungan Allah SWT. AMIN&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-5665844251660062236?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/d2tzEyp6c4M" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/5665844251660062236/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/naik-angkot-tidak-aman.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5665844251660062236?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/5665844251660062236?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/d2tzEyp6c4M/naik-angkot-tidak-aman.html" title="Naik Angkot Tidak Aman??" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-23QjMhE8QWg/TyAGm26ukhI/AAAAAAAAA-g/csCyvc54y-s/s72-c/Angkutan%252520umum%252520itu%252520aman_thumb%25255B5%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/naik-angkot-tidak-aman.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CEADSHc8cSp7ImA9WhRUE0w.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-2132139932725674963</id><published>2012-01-23T16:50:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-23T16:59:39.979+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-23T16:59:39.979+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows XP" /><title>Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP</title><content type="html">Dahulu, saya sudah membuat postingan tentang &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/12/kaskus-skin-pack-10-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Kaskus Skin Pack&lt;/a&gt;. Nah, yang saya posting kali ini berbeda, Kaskus Skin Pack ini khusus untuk kamu yang masih setia menggunakan Windows XP.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h3 align="center"&gt;&lt;span style="font-size: large;"&gt;Tampilan Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;div align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-HXEdMMxZrr0/Tx0s2lHidxI/AAAAAAAAA-I/IXLaWF3Rp54/s1600-h/Kaskus%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP%25255B5%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img alt="Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP" border="0" height="446" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-maI0BR76Azo/Tx0tPV3O4cI/AAAAAAAAA-Q/3YReiX0cd_Y/Kaskus%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; border-right: 0px; border-top: 0px; display: inline; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;" title="Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP" width="538" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Ok, Skin Pack ini dibuat oleh &lt;a href="http://leothink.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;leothink&lt;/a&gt;, dan sejauh ini belum ada komentar apapun mengenai Skin Pack ini. Dan saya sendiri tidak bisa mencobanya, karena saya menggunakan Windows 7. Namun, jika kamu tertarik mencobanya, silahkan download.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/277697279/kaskus_skin_pack_1_0_xp_by_leothink-d4lc0lb.7z" target="_blank"&gt;Download Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-2132139932725674963?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/aeSkCv-DVns" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/2132139932725674963/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kaskus-skin-pack-10-for-windows-xp.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2132139932725674963?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/2132139932725674963?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/aeSkCv-DVns/kaskus-skin-pack-10-for-windows-xp.html" title="Kaskus Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows XP" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-maI0BR76Azo/Tx0tPV3O4cI/AAAAAAAAA-Q/3YReiX0cd_Y/s72-c/Kaskus%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%252520XP_thumb%25255B3%25255D.png?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/kaskus-skin-pack-10-for-windows-xp.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;C04BRHw-cCp7ImA9WhRUEkw.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-8654964351613342393</id><published>2012-01-22T12:59:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-22T12:59:15.258+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-22T12:59:15.258+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Computer" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Tips And Tricks" /><title>Cara Pin Drive atau Folder ke Taskbar</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Bebera hari yang lalu, teman saya mengalami masalah dengan komputernya. Ia ingin meletakkan (Pin) folder musiknya ke dalam Taskbar. Setelah saya coba berulang-ulang kali, namun hasilnya tetap nihil. Setiap kali saya mencoba meletakkannya, yang keluar perintah “Pin to Windows Explorer”, bukan “Pin to Taskbar”, seperti tampilan di bawah ini.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-8IQEb0J5ciU/TxulG92nilI/AAAAAAAAA7c/--jq7uJ6Ec8/s1600-h/pin%252520to%252520taskbar%25255B14%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="pin to taskbar" border="0" alt="pin to taskbar" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-W3ib7j-_7Kk/TxulIvWtWPI/AAAAAAAAA7k/LOqm-2mVync/pin%252520to%252520taskbar_thumb%25255B12%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="226" height="78" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Dan, jika kita lanjutkan, maka akan terjadi seperti tampilan di bawah ini.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-5j9sPpR2A7U/TxulJ_sttGI/AAAAAAAAA7s/3tyk0iApqnU/s1600-h/Pin%252520Explorer%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Pin Explorer" border="0" alt="Pin Explorer" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-AQpYirosxQo/TxulLWxSStI/AAAAAAAAA70/-0-4BjjLrUw/Pin%252520Explorer_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="230" height="165" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Nah, jika sudah begitu, jika kita “Click” folder tersebut, maka yang terbuka adalah folder My Library, bukan Folder Musik yang “si teman” inginkan.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Jadi, bagaimana caranya????&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Daripada lama-lama, Ayo kita mulai!!!&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;1. Hal pertama yang harus kamu lakukan adalah membuat Shortcut baru, atau “Create A New Shortcut”. Untuk itu, klik kanan pada Desktop kamu, lalu &lt;strong&gt;New &amp;gt; Shortcut.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-ISm_dEPsEMY/TxulMvmOSAI/AAAAAAAAA78/wvpFztbgSXs/s1600-h/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut%25255B8%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Create a new Shortcut" border="0" alt="Create a new Shortcut" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-fKniKL3ax5M/TxulOVqQtcI/AAAAAAAAA8E/vPHEMlbv7ZM/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut_thumb%25255B6%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="361" height="116" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;2. Selanjutnya, akan muncul Wizard “Create Shortcut”. Lalu, kamu harus memasukkan perintah berikut:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;explorer &amp;quot;drive:\nama folder&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;atau, saya mengambil contoh:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;explorer &amp;quot;E:\Master Software&amp;quot;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-cdZkOIVZb0o/TxulQYKqIoI/AAAAAAAAA8M/KmMGHhBqwc4/s1600-h/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut6%25255B7%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Create a new Shortcut6" border="0" alt="Create a new Shortcut6" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-EUrgw1fCR7g/TxulS6rA1OI/AAAAAAAAA8U/Zs1tyPsoWHE/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut6_thumb%25255B5%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="530" height="71" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-y4Z4dXnrJgo/TxulU9-X6uI/AAAAAAAAA8c/VtTB6oZAOuc/s1600-h/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut8%25255B11%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Create a new Shortcut8" border="0" alt="Create a new Shortcut8" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-8AYZQVKOMOk/TxulXE6dJVI/AAAAAAAAA8k/EDndz3DnAIU/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut8_thumb%25255B9%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="510" height="388" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;font color="#222222"&gt;3. Setelah memasukkan perintah di atas, maka klik &lt;strong&gt;Next&lt;/strong&gt;. Lalu akan muncul tampilan untuk memberi nama Shortcut Kamu.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-feuvSVX9374/TxulYoQ9f-I/AAAAAAAAA8s/UFJjyI498jU/s1600-h/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut7%25255B9%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;font color="#222222"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Create a new Shortcut7" border="0" alt="Create a new Shortcut7" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-xwegm9_r60A/TxulZ2H6QCI/AAAAAAAAA80/1UK6OK7azRU/Create%252520a%252520new%252520Shortcut7_thumb%25255B7%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="510" height="393" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;    &lt;p&gt;4. Klik &lt;strong&gt;Finish. &lt;/strong&gt;Dan Shortcut kamu telah selesai.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Tlf2bSj0wD0/TxulbBRwRCI/AAAAAAAAA88/RWhQEBWV_-4/s1600-h/New%252520Shortcut%252520Created2%25255B7%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="New Shortcut Created2" border="0" alt="New Shortcut Created2" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-BMqn1rzgOV8/TxulcZcnYbI/AAAAAAAAA9E/qxcxd88uha8/New%252520Shortcut%252520Created2_thumb%25255B5%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="96" height="80" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Sekarang, jika kamu ingin mengganti Icon Shrotcut kamu, maka kamu hanya perlu &lt;strong&gt;klik kanan di Shortcut kamu tersebut, lalu klik Change Icon &amp;gt; Pilih Icon yang Kamu inginkan &amp;gt; Klik Ok.&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-A7DrhfsoB1I/TxulevH051I/AAAAAAAAA9M/rJNP0eU6NaI/s1600-h/Edit%252520in%252520Properties2%25255B8%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Edit in Properties2" border="0" alt="Edit in Properties2" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-GwnoS1z56fQ/TxulhauLxpI/AAAAAAAAA9U/SlTG9Q4GXLc/Edit%252520in%252520Properties2_thumb%25255B6%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="240" height="389" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ApNM2Oapx3o/TxullH8HGmI/AAAAAAAAA9c/xhYo8zOih7o/s1600-h/Change%252520Icon2%25255B6%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Change Icon2" border="0" alt="Change Icon2" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-Lm1E4SMKVa8/Txulo3Vf9XI/AAAAAAAAA9k/3OvwMVQk058/Change%252520Icon2_thumb%25255B4%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="444" height="363" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Setelah selesai, maka kamu hanya tinggal “Drag and Drop” di Taskbar kamu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-cVf-bRiI4RU/TxulqRt-DRI/AAAAAAAAA9s/VLfMbPglYyE/s1600-h/pin%252520to%252520taskbar2%25255B11%25255D.png"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="pin to taskbar2" border="0" alt="pin to taskbar2" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-pNAfm5fPPJc/TxulsBAqYZI/AAAAAAAAA90/oLCXF9Ytggg/pin%252520to%252520taskbar2_thumb%25255B7%25255D.png?imgmax=800" width="240" height="123" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;      &lt;p&gt;Nah, dari gambar sudah terlihat bukan, yang sebelumnya “Pin to Windows Explorer”, sekarang sudah menjadi “Pin to Taskbar”. Hal ini berarti, folder kamu sudah tertempel di Taskbar, dan ketika kamu klik, maka langsung menuju file-file kesukaan kamu. Selamat!!!&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-8654964351613342393?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/CFjaqKtUhLc" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/8654964351613342393/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/cara-pin-drive-atau-folder-ke-taskbar.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8654964351613342393?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8654964351613342393?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/CFjaqKtUhLc/cara-pin-drive-atau-folder-ke-taskbar.html" title="Cara Pin Drive atau Folder ke Taskbar" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-W3ib7j-_7Kk/TxulIvWtWPI/AAAAAAAAA7k/LOqm-2mVync/s72-c/pin%252520to%252520taskbar_thumb%25255B12%25255D.png?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/cara-pin-drive-atau-folder-ke-taskbar.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;CkMFRno7fSp7ImA9WhRUEUg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-8203356910808627074</id><published>2012-01-21T19:53:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T19:53:37.405+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-21T19:53:37.405+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows Themes" /><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Windows 7" /><title>Xbox Themes for Your Windows 7</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Sudah lama saya tidak membuat postingan tentang &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%207" target="_blank"&gt;Windows 7 Themes&lt;/a&gt;. Nah, pada kesempatan kali ini, saya akan memberikan 2 &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%207" target="_blank"&gt;Windows 7 Themes&lt;/a&gt; sekaligus. Themes yang akan saya berikan berhubungan dengan Xbox 360. Sebelum itu, untuk menambah pengetahuan kamu, Xbox 360 yang pada saat pengembangan dikenal dengan nama Xenon atau Xbox 2, adalah penerus konsol permainan video Xbox milik Microsoft. Microsoft secara resmi memperkenalkannya di MTV pada 12 Mei 2005, dan informasi detail mengenai peluncuran dan permainan dibeberkan di akhir bulan yang sama dalam Expo Electronic Entertainment (E3) yang terkenal. Saat dirilis pada 22 November 2005 di Amerika Utara dan Puerto Rico, 2 Desember 2005 di Eropa dan 10 Desember 2005 di Jepang, Xbox 360 menjadi konsol pertama yang diluncurkan berbarengan untuk tiga daerah besar. Ia juga merupakan produk pertama konsol permainan generasi terbaru dan akan bersaing dengan Sony PlayStation 3 dan Nintendo Wii. Xbox 360adalah konsol pertama yang dapat memutar film HD-DVD dengan membeli paketnya terlebih dahulu, yang akan direlease kemudian. Xbox 360 juga adalah konsol pertama yang menggunakan stik wireless. Andalan Xbox 360 adalah grafis dan kemampuan onlinenya. Xbox Live adalah salah satu fitur online yang ditawarkan Microsoft selaku produsennya.Pada tahun 2010 Xbox 360 mempersembahkan fitur software terbaru bernama Kinect (sumber Wikipedia). Nah, sekarang ayo kita lanjut ke &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/search/label/Windows%207" target="_blank"&gt;Windows Themes&lt;/a&gt;-nya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;1. Xbox 360 Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-4WOlpqpbXBI/Txq1I0hyobI/AAAAAAAAA68/5XGb3UjcsJo/s1600-h/Xbox%252520360%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Xbox 360 Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Xbox 360 Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7" src="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-tuYyMkGEarY/Txq1N-qR97I/AAAAAAAAA7E/_Idr_079Dt0/Xbox%252520360%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="539" height="359" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Xbox Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 merupakan variant terbaru buatan &lt;a href="http://hameddanger.deviantart.com/" target="_blank"&gt;Hameddanger&lt;/a&gt;. menurut saya, tampilan ini sangat elegan, walaupun didominasi oleh warna putih. Yang menarik dari Skin Pack ini adalah tampilan Boot-nya, sangat berbeda dari skin pack sebelumnya yang ada.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, bagaimana??? Tertarik untuk menggunakannnya??? &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/279871372/xbox_skin_pack_1_0_x86_by_hameddanger-d4mmm4s.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Xbox 360 Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (32bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/279869989/xbox360_skin_pack_1_0_x64_by_hameddanger-d4mml2d.zip" target="_blank"&gt;Download Xbox 360 Skin Pack 1.0 for Windows 7 (64bit)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="left"&gt;2. Xbox 360 Transformation Pack for Windows 7&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-gtUL4C_dqbQ/Txq1QXyj44I/AAAAAAAAA7M/OoUr0fhPHsQ/s1600-h/Xbox%252520360%252520transformation%252520pack%252520for%252520Windows%2525207%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Xbox 360 transformation pack for Windows 7" border="0" alt="Xbox 360 transformation pack for Windows 7" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-NGThWCAJwwk/Txq1TiB4n1I/AAAAAAAAA7U/chOMfFYxXhI/Xbox%252520360%252520transformation%252520pack%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="544" height="357" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Jika diperhatikan, Xbox 360 Transformation Skin Pack ini mengandung unsur &lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2011/12/8-skin-pack-90-for-windows-7.html" target="_blank"&gt;Windows 8&lt;/a&gt;, dengan baluran nuansa Xbox 360. Theme ini dibuat oleh &lt;a href="http://the-dhruv-8.deviantart.com" target="_blank"&gt;The Druve 8&lt;/a&gt;, dan sedikit bantuan Hameddanger. Bagaimana, tertarik mencoba yang satu ini???&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.deviantart.com/download/273093016/xbox_360_transformer_pack_x86_by_the_dhruv_8-d4ilbx4.rar" target="_blank"&gt;Download Xbox 360 Transformation Pack for Windows 7 (only 32bit version)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-8203356910808627074?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/Dn-kdGTlpao" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/8203356910808627074/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/xbox-themes-for-your-windows-7.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8203356910808627074?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/8203356910808627074?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/Dn-kdGTlpao/xbox-themes-for-your-windows-7.html" title="Xbox Themes for Your Windows 7" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-tuYyMkGEarY/Txq1N-qR97I/AAAAAAAAA7E/_Idr_079Dt0/s72-c/Xbox%252520360%252520Skin%252520Pack%2525201.0%252520for%252520Windows%2525207_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/xbox-themes-for-your-windows-7.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;AkAMQXw5fyp7ImA9WhRUEU8.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-969595585509291542</id><published>2012-01-21T13:53:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-21T13:53:00.227+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-21T13:53:00.227+07:00</app:edited><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="My Opinions" /><title>New Semester, New Spirit</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;&lt;font size="4"&gt;Alhamdulillah…&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-GZ3lCwP1Av8/TxpglFGgAoI/AAAAAAAAA6c/WcThfRkCT_U/s1600-h/New%252520Semester%25252C%252520New%252520Spirit%25255B5%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="New Semester, New Spirit" border="0" alt="New Semester, New Spirit" src="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-TllqjXJpQPA/TxpgmG4uVKI/AAAAAAAAA6k/nnXBS-s_d_Y/New%252520Semester%25252C%252520New%252520Spirit_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="259" height="289" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Puji syukur, Allah masih memberikan kesempatan kepada saya untuk berjalan di dunianya. Walaupun beliau sudah bersabda bahwa dunia ini tidak kekal, tapi ada baiknya kita tetap melakukan sesuatu yang bermanfaat, apakah itu untuk diri kita sendiri, dan orang lain.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;font size="7" face="Backslash"&gt;“KULIAH”&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ya, itulah aktivitas sehari-hari saya, sekarang. Dari dulu, saya tidak pernah berpikir akan kuliah, dan menjadi seorang mahasiswa. Karena, cita-cita saya dulu adalah menjadi seorang “Anggota Elite TNI”, yang gagah berani, membela kebenaran, membasmi kejahatan (kayak pahlawan bertopeng &lt;em&gt;aja&lt;/em&gt;). Huft, tapi begitulah, Allah SWT menunjukkan jalan lain.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;blockquote&gt;   &lt;p&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #ffffff" color="#242729"&gt;Manusia hanya bisa membuat rencana. Segala hal yang akan terjadi nanti adalah misteri Allah SWT. Untuk itu, jangan pernah membuat hanya 1 rencana saja. You must have several plans. That will help you if something unexpected happens. Dan jangan pernah putus asa. Ingatlah, setiap kegagalan itu adalah ibu kandung dari setiap kesuksesan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt; &lt;/blockquote&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;font style="background-color: #ffffff" color="#242729"&gt;&lt;/font&gt;Ok, dari “kata-kata mutiara” di atas, maka saya pun sudah membuat “Plan B” dari cita-cita saya. Jika saya tidak menjadi seorang “Anggota Elite TNI”, maka saya akan menjadi “Anggota Non-Elite TNI”. Dan ternyata…………Allah SWT juga belum setuju dengan cita-cita saya ini, sehingga Beliau tidak mau menandatangi Surat Persetujuan Cita-Cita saya. Dan setelah saya selidiki, adapun alasan Allah tidak mau menandatangani Surat Persetujuan saya Karena surat tersebut belum ada SK dari ibu saya sendiri (&lt;em&gt;Ough&lt;/em&gt;). Bukankah telah kita ketahui bahwa ridho Allah bergantung pada ridho Orang Tua, sesuai sabda Rasûlullâh Shallallâhu 'Alaihi Wasallam :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-fWP2UgLF6T8/TxpgyOjW6BI/AAAAAAAAA6s/QnInqoS9Mr8/s1600-h/hadist%252520tentang%252520Ridho%252520Allah%252520bergantung%252520pada%252520Ridho%252520Orang%252520Tua%25255B6%25255D.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; border-left: 0px; margin: 0px 8px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: inline; border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="hadist tentang Ridho Allah bergantung pada Ridho Orang Tua" border="0" alt="hadist tentang Ridho Allah bergantung pada Ridho Orang Tua" src="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-MEsBEvJ2rAc/Txpgykd9UEI/AAAAAAAAA6w/LwwEvSELI8o/hadist%252520tentang%252520Ridho%252520Allah%252520bergantung%252520pada%252520Ridho%252520Orang%252520Tua_thumb%25255B4%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" width="216" height="168" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;em&gt;Dari Abdillah bin Amr bin Ash radhiallâhu'anhu, bahwasanya Rasûlullâh Shallallâhu 'Alaihi Wasallam bersabda :&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;em&gt;&amp;quot;Ridha Allah bergantung kepada keridhaan orang tua, dan murka Allah bergantung kepada kemurkaan orang tua&amp;quot;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;(HR Bukhari dalam Adabul Mufrad, no. 2 ; Ibnu Hibban, 2026-Mawarid; Tirmidzi, 1900; Hakim, 4/151-152).&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Nah, daripada saya tetap “memaksa”, bisa-bisa saya “gugur” &lt;em&gt;gak&lt;/em&gt; jelas di medan pertempuran &lt;em&gt;antah-berantah&lt;/em&gt;, lalu jadi arwah penasaran (&lt;em&gt;serem banget&lt;/em&gt; khayalannya). Dan dari situlah saya tahu, kenapa Allah selalu Reject Surat Persetujuan saya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Ok, sekarang kita lupakan mengenai “Plan B”, karena saya masih punya “Plan C”. Yaitu menjadi seorang guru. Dan ternyata, “Plan C” ini sangat diapresiasi oleh ibu saya. Dan Alhamdulillah, segala sesuatu yang berhubungan dengan “Plan C” ini dilancarkan oleh Allah SWT. Baik ketika masih SMA, Tamat SMA (dengan nilai yang sangat “menjanjikan”), dan masuk kuliah. Dan Sekarang…jadilah saya!!! &lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;“A Student of Teacher Training and Education Faculty”&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;atau dalam bahasa Indonesia-nya&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2 align="center"&gt;Seorang Mahasiswa Fakultas Keguruan dan Ilmu Pendidikan&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Dan sekarang, saya sudah memasuki semester 6 (sambil harap-harap cemas dengan nilai Semester 5). Sekedar info saja, dari 5 semester yang sudah saya jalani, semester 5-lah yang saya rasa paling “komplit”. Layaknya permen “Banyak rasa”, semester ini dipenuhi oleh segala macam persoalan. Mulai dari:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Semester 5 merupakan semester pertama saya, dengan menjadi mahasiswa SBI (Sekolah Bertaraf Internasional). yang dipenuhi oleh banyaknya salah KRS, mata kuliah, dan lain sebgainya.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Teman sekelas yang sedang mengalami proses pendewasaan diri dan sedang mencari-cari jati diri (sampai-sampai harus menjadi orang lain dan memakai topeng seperti iklan rokok yang ada di TV).&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;Kakak senior yang salah tanggap.&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align="left"&gt;dan Yang terakhir adalah masalah “hubungan Percintaan” saya sendiri (eseh).&lt;/div&gt;   &lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Yah begitulah..Semuanya, berkat bantuan Allah SWT, saya sudah melaluinya. Dan sekarang, harus fokus terhadap semester yang sedang menunggu di depan, yaitu:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="center"&gt;&lt;font size="6" face="DS-Digital"&gt;SEMESTER 6&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Saya yakin, bahwa pada semester 6 ini, masih banyak halang dan rintang yang akan siap menghadang perjalanan saya. Namun, yang paling penting bagi saya dan kita semua adalah untuk selalu “Dekat Dengan Allah SWT”. Jangan pernah pedulikan kata-kata orang lain tentang hidupmu, selama hidupmu dekat dengan Allah, HABIS PERKARA.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Jadi, Kesimpulan dari tulisan saya ini adalah Selalu Dekat Dengan Allah. That's true spirit. Jika selalu dekat dengan Allah, maka akan dekat dengan Orang Tua, teman, dan yang lainnya. Trust Me, It Works.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align="left"&gt;Terima kasih sudah membaca. Semoga ada hikmahnya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-969595585509291542?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/IsovoTzjdJw" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/969595585509291542/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-semester-new-spirit.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/969595585509291542?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/969595585509291542?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/IsovoTzjdJw/new-semester-new-spirit.html" title="New Semester, New Spirit" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh5.ggpht.com/-TllqjXJpQPA/TxpgmG4uVKI/AAAAAAAAA6k/nnXBS-s_d_Y/s72-c/New%252520Semester%25252C%252520New%252520Spirit_thumb%25255B3%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/new-semester-new-spirit.html</feedburner:origLink></entry><entry gd:etag="W/&quot;DkcMRHg-cCp7ImA9WhRVGUg.&quot;"><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8302930648872568002.post-4226961711521818823</id><published>2012-01-19T13:21:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2012-01-19T13:21:25.658+07:00</updated><app:edited xmlns:app="http://www.w3.org/2007/app">2012-01-19T13:21:25.658+07:00</app:edited><title>Plus Minus SOPA dan PIPA</title><content type="html">&lt;p&gt;Pernahkah kamu melihat tampilan Wikipedia.org menjadi seperti ini????&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;a href="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-ItRmWWraxFY/Txe2YKcrQUI/AAAAAAAAA6I/o2bfDDpXAOg/s1600-h/Wikipedia-Blackout5.jpg"&gt;&lt;img style="background-image: none; border-right-width: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; border-top-width: 0px; border-bottom-width: 0px; border-left-width: 0px; padding-top: 0px" title="Wikipedia Blackout" border="0" alt="Wikipedia Blackout" src="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-OPBWOtf9Ams/Txe2Y6e9LVI/AAAAAAAAA6Q/iDL7j1E41EU/Wikipedia-Blackout_thumb3.jpg?imgmax=800" width="567" height="304" /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Apa itu SOPA dan PIPA&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Sebelumnya, kamu harus mengetahui apa pengertian dari SOPA dan PIPA itu sendiri. SOPA adalah singkatan dari “STOP ONLINE PIRACY ACT”, atau dalam bahasa Indonesia-nya UU anti pembajakan online. Selanjutnya, PIPA sendiri merupakan singkatan dari “PROTECT IP ACT”, yang dikenal juga dengan UU Pencegahan Kretivitas Ekonomi Online dan Pencurian Kekayaan Intelektual. SOPA dan PIPA adalah 2 UU yang sama-sama melewati Kongres AS. SOPA adalah bagian UU yang diusulkan oleh DPR-nya AS, sedangkan PIPA versi Senat AS. PIPA diperkenalkan terlebih dahulu oleh Senat AS, selanjutnya SOPA datang dengan versi yang lebih besar, pengembangan dari PIPA. Sebenarnya, baik SOPA dan PIPA itu layaknya saudara dari ibu kandung yang berbeda. Karena keduanya mengusulkan penanggulangan pembajakan online. Dan jika disahkan, akan digabung menjadi sebuah tindakan sebelum ada hukum yang mengatur kelanjutannya.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Kelebihan SOPA dan PIPA&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Berikut ini, akan saya paparkan beberapa kelebihan dari pemberlakuan SOPA dan PIPA.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ol&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Mengurangi pembajakan terhadap produk-produk online.&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Mengurangi dampak berbahaya dari aktivitas belanja online.&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Melindungi hak cipta orang lain.&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Melindungi privasi pengguna internet.&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Mencegah penyalahgunaan internet.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ol&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Yah, walaupun singkat, namun itulah kelebihan SOPA / PIPA yang dapat saya rangkum untuk beberapa saat ini. Selanjutnya, saya akan mencantumkan beberapa situs yang mendukung SOPA / PIPA ini. Situs-situs tersebut antara lain :&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;60 Plus Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;ABC &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Alliance for Safe Online Pharmacies (ASOP) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;American Bankers Association (ABA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;American Federation of Musicians (AFM) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;American Federation of Television and Radio Artists (AFTRA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Americans for Tax Reform &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Artists and Allied Crafts of the United States &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Association of American Publishers (AAP) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Association of State Criminal Investigative Agencies &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Association of Talent Agents (ATA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Beachbody, LLC &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;BMI &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;BMG Chrysalis &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Building and Construction Trades Department &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Capitol Records Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;CBS &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Cengage Learning &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Christian Music Trade Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Church Music Publishers’ Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Coalition Against Online Video Piracy (CAOVP) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Comcast/NBCUniversal &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Concerned Women for America (CWA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Congressional Fire Services Institute &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Copyhype &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Copyright Alliance &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Coty, Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Council of Better Business Bureaus (CBBB) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Council of State Governments &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Country Music Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Country Music Television &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Creative America &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Deluxe &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Directors Guild of America (DGA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Disney Publishing Worldwide, Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Elsevier &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;EMI Christian Music Group &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;EMI Music Publishing &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Entertainment Software Association (ESA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;ESPN &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Estée Lauder Companies &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Fraternal Order of Police (FOP) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Gospel Music Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Graphic Artists Guild &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Hachette Book Group &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;HarperCollins Publishers Worldwide, Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Hyperion &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Independent Film &amp;amp; Television Alliance (IFTA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International Alliance of Theatrical and Stage Employees (IATSE) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International AntiCounterfeiting Coalition (IACC) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers (IBEW) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International Brotherhood of Teamsters (IBT) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International Trademark Association (INTA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;International Union of Police Associations &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;L’Oreal &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Lost Highway Records &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Macmillan &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Major County Sheriffs &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Major League Baseball &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Majority City Chiefs &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Marvel Entertainment, LLC &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;MasterCard Worldwide &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;MCA Records &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;McGraw-Hill Education &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Mercury Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Minor League Baseball (MiLB) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Minority Media &amp;amp; Telecom Council (MMTC) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Moving Picture Technicians &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;MPA – The Association of Magazine Media &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Association of Manufacturers (NAM) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Association of Prosecutor Coordinators &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Association of State Chief Information Officers &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Cable &amp;amp; Telecommunications Association (NCTA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Center for Victims of Crime &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Crime Justice Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National District Attorneys Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Domestic Preparedness Coalition &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Football League &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Governors Association, Economic Development and Commerce Committee &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National League of Cities &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Narcotics Offers’ Associations’ Coalition &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Sheriffs’ Association (NSA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Songwriters Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;National Troopers Coalition &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;News Corporation &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Pearson Education &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Penguin Group (USA), Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Pharmaceutical Research and Manufacturers of America (PhRMA) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Pfizer, Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Provident Music Group &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Random House &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Raulet Property Partners &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Republic Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Revlon &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Scholastic, Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Screen Actors Guild (SAG) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Showdog Universal Music &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Sony/ATV Music Publishing &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Sony Music Entertainment &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Sony Music Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;State International Development Organization (SIDO) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;The National Association of Theatre Owners (NATO) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;The Perseus Books Groups &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;The United States Conference of Mayors &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Tiffany &amp;amp; Co. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Time Warner &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;True Religion Brand Jeans &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC) &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;UMG Publishing Group Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;United States Chamber of Commerce &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;United States Olympic Committee &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;United States Tennis Association &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Universal Music &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Universal Music Publishing Group &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Viacom &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Visa Inc. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;W.W. Norton &amp;amp; Company &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wallace Bajjali Development Partners, L.P. &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Warner Music Group &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Warner Music Nashville &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Wolters Kluewer Health &lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Word Entertainment&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&amp;#160;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Kekurangan dari SOPA dan PIPA&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Sebelumnya, saya sudah menulis tentang kelebihan dari SOPA / PIPA, selanjutnya, mengenai kekurangannya, saya akan menjelaskan secara seksama.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;li&gt;Kebebasan “sharing” akan disalahgunakan. Contoh, misalnya kamu sedang ikut nonton konser band. Pada saat itu, kamu merekam semua aksi panggung dari band tersebut lalu menguploadnya ke situs kesayangan kamu. Nah, ketika ada yang komplain, maka yang terkena hukumannya adalah KAMU dan SITUS KESAYANGAN KAMU.&lt;/li&gt;    &lt;li&gt;Berpeluang terjadinya penyalahgunaan. Kamu masih ingat bukan, bagaimana tegasnya Apple Inc. dalam membasmi pembajakan. Hal itu mereka lakukan sebelum adanya SOPA / PIPA serta aksinya juga aneh-aneh, sekarang bayangkan apa yang dapat mereka lakukan jika UU ini disahkan.&lt;/li&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Selanjutnya, saya akan mencantumkan beberapa situs yang menolak UU ini diberlakukan adalah sebagai berikut:&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul&gt;   &lt;ul&gt;     &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.businessweek.com/news/2012-01-17/google-plans-home-page-protest-against-u-s-piracy-measures.html"&gt;Google&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:SOPA_initiative/Action"&gt;Wikipedia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.reddit.com/2012/01/stopped-they-must-be-on-this-all.html"&gt;reddit&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://mozilla.org/"&gt;Mozilla&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://wordpress.org/extend/plugins/tags/sopa"&gt;WordPress&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://tumblr.com/"&gt;Tumblr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://vimeo.com/"&gt;Vimeo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.flickr.net/en/2012/01/18/pipa-sopa/"&gt;Flickr&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/moot/status/159717742839218176"&gt;4chan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wired.com/threatlevel/2012/01/why-weve-censored-wired-com/"&gt;Wired&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blumenauer.house.gov/"&gt;U.S Representative Earl Blumenauer (D-OR)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://eshoo.house.gov/"&gt;U.S Representative Anna G. Eshoo (D-CA)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/benhuh/status/157538541155516416"&gt;icanhazcheezburger network sites&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/benhuh/status/157538541155516416"&gt;theDailyWhat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/benhuh/status/157538541155516416"&gt;FailBlog&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.craigslist.org/about/sites"&gt;Craigslist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://tucowsinc.com/news/2012/01/why-we-dont-like-sopa/"&gt;Tucows&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://vanillaforums.org/"&gt;VanillaForums&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://michaelmoore.com/"&gt;Michael Moore&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://petergabriel.com/"&gt;Peter Gabriel&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2012/01/17/announcement-raw-story-to-go-dark-on-january-18-to-protest-sopapipa/"&gt;The RawStory&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.aljadeed.tv/"&gt;Al Jadeed TV&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.wikia.com/Wikia"&gt;Wikia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://opencongress.com/"&gt;Open Congress / PPF&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://blog.archive.org/2012/01/17/12-hours-dark-internet-archive-vs-censorship/"&gt;Internet Archive&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://getmiro.com/"&gt;Miro&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/ccianet/status/159624808827584513"&gt;Computer &amp;amp; Communications Industry Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://dp.la/"&gt;Digital Public Library of America&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://universalsubtitles.org/"&gt;Universal Subtitles&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.cdt.org/"&gt;Center for Technology and Democracy&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://eff.org/"&gt;Electronic Frontier Foundation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://g1nbc.net/"&gt;G1NBC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/Politics1com/status/159147376186114049"&gt;Politics1.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://radar.oreilly.com/2012/01/oreilly-dark-protest-sopa-pipa.html"&gt;O'Reilly Media&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.nvca.org/"&gt;National Venture Capitol Association&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.namecheap.com/"&gt;Namecheap&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://twitpic.com/"&gt;TwitPic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://dotsub.com/"&gt;dotSUB&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://front.moveon.org/the-shocking-facts-about-the-governments-move-to-censor-the-internet/?&amp;amp;rep=4&amp;amp;rc=tw.fol"&gt;MoveOn.org&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.gog.com/en/news/gog_com_joins_opposition_to_sopa_and_pipa"&gt;Gog.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.minecraft.net/"&gt;MineCraft&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/runasand/status/159336983578165248"&gt;Tor Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.webhostingbuzz.com/blog/2012/01/04/were-firmly-against-sopa/"&gt;webhostingbuzz.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://ragemaker.net/"&gt;RageMaker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.destructoid.com/destructoid-joins-pipa-sopa-blackout-protest-on-18th-219591.phtml"&gt;Destructiod&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.bloginity.com/"&gt;bloginity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://thechive.com/2012/01/17/thechive-will-be-going-dark-tomorrow-to-protest-sopapipa/"&gt;theCHIVE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://thechive.com/2012/01/17/thechive-will-be-going-dark-tomorrow-to-protest-sopapipa/"&gt;theBERRY&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.shacknews.com/article/71965/firefall-dev-shutting-down-beta-site-in-protest-of-sopa"&gt;Red 5 studios&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.asofterworld.com/"&gt;A Softer World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.facebook.com/questions/10150586295700240/?qa_ref=ssp"&gt;PostSecret&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.greenpeace.org/international/en/news/Blogs/makingwaves/were-sorry-youre-not-allowed-to-read-this/blog/38656/"&gt;Greenpeace International&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://sopastrike.com/"&gt;The LeakyWiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.eyeidea.com/"&gt;EyeIdea&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.xda-developers.com/announcements/xda-to-go-dark-on-jan-18th-at-8am-you-can-help-bring-us-back-online/"&gt;XDA-Developers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://status.net/2012/01/14/identi-ca-blackout-18-jan-2012-8am-8pm-est-to-protest-sopapipa"&gt;Indenti.ca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.majorleaguegaming.com/news/mlgs-network-will-go-black-on-jan-18-to-protest-sopa/"&gt;&amp;gt;Major League Gaming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://gamepolitics.com/2012/01/17/eca-gamepolitics-goes-dark-protest-sopapipa"&gt;The ECA&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://gamepolitics.com/2012/01/17/eca-gamepolitics-goes-dark-protest-sopapipa"&gt;Game Politics&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://imgur.com/blog/2012/01/16/imgur-joins-blackout/"&gt;Imgur&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/mikepocalyko/status/159280246464593921"&gt;Monticello Capitol&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://crypto.cat/"&gt;Crypto Cat&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://colossalmind.com/"&gt;Colossal Mind&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/tweet_fail/status/159084636029456384"&gt;TweetFail&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://erratasec.blogspot.com/2012/01/january-18-sopa-blackout-day.html"&gt;Errata Security&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://freakoutnation.com/2012/01/16/viva-la-revolucion-the-interwebz-is-shutting-down-for-12-hours/"&gt;FreakOutNation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/slashTHREE/status/159309091167150080"&gt;SlashTHREE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/TheFocusOnFacts/status/159270701998678016"&gt;Focus On the Facts&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/CanSomerr/status/159308854570659840"&gt;City News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://strategytune.com/"&gt;Strategy Tune&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://action.progressivecongress.org/p/salsa/web/common/public/signup?signup_page_KEY=4333"&gt;Progressive Congress News&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/bitbucket/status/159005505967235072"&gt;bitBucker&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/WPSecurityLock/status/159305080351371265"&gt;WPS Security Lock&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://news.opensuse.org/2012/01/17/why-opensuse-org-goes-on-strike-tomorrow/"&gt;openSUSE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/SmirkingChimp/status/159318223660126208"&gt;Smirking Chimp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/breadnotbullets/status/159301914767536128"&gt;Bread Without Bullets&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://infospace.ischool.syr.edu/2012/01/17/ischool-and-information-space-blackout-stop-sopa-wednesday-118/"&gt;iSchool at Syracuse University&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/il_nomacs/status/159301426798002176"&gt;nomacs Image Lounge&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/computerhope/status/159298890133274624"&gt;ComputerHope&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/PhantomTS/status/159297962483257346"&gt;PhantomTS&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/N2Map/status/159280430036697090"&gt;News2Map.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/XsNr/status/159279772558569472"&gt;Safex.tk&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/datelinezero/status/159279444492697601"&gt;DatelineZero&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/datelinezero/status/159279444492697601"&gt;Liberty Confidential&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/viktorixcom/status/159278839627923457"&gt;Victor Rix&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/WJS/status/159276177209565184"&gt;WJSimpson&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/SpursReloaded/status/159264824612765696"&gt;Spurs of The Moment&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.peeje.com/peeje-goes-strike-stop-web-censorship-bills-congress-209"&gt;peeje&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://sopastrike.com/DrWright.org"&gt;Dr. Stephen Right&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://tdc.digibase.ca/index.php?topic=3692.0"&gt;DigiBase&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://arvidtp.net/"&gt;Tomayko Peters&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/GTANeXt/status/159259643426775040"&gt;GTA-NeXT&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/JordanKueh/status/159260927865262080"&gt;Hertz Gaming&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://esspc-ebooks.com/"&gt;Elegant Solutions Software and Publishing Company&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/ShortTravelTips/status/159257902610264065"&gt;Short Travel Tips&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.soulfriends.com/"&gt;SoulFriends&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jammerdirect.com/Jammunity/JamNouncements/tabid/156/EntryId/137/Jammer-Direct-Joins-S-O-P-A-P-I-P-A-Blackout-Set-For-January-18th-at-8-AM.aspx"&gt;JammerDirec&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://freeinternetpress.com/sopa.php"&gt;Free Internet Press&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.youn00b.com/forum0topic3117"&gt;youn00b.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.popculturemadness.com//"&gt;Pop Culture Madness&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://celebritymagnet.com/"&gt;Celebrity Magnet&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://grandmagazine.com/"&gt;Grand Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://941mediaproject.com/"&gt;941 Media Project&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://thelinuxgeeks.info/"&gt;The Linux Geeks&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.sdx-developers.com/"&gt;SDX-Developers&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.occupybirmingham.co.uk/"&gt;Occupy Birmingham (UK)&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.livelocalcard.com/"&gt;LiveLocalCard.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.turkreno.com/"&gt;Turkreno&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://thetaoofpooh.com/The_Tao_of_Pooh/Home.html"&gt;The Tao of Pooh&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.jameswadeweaver.com/"&gt;James Wade Weaver&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://lowson.ca/"&gt;lowson.ca&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.photography101.org/"&gt;Photography 101&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/GreenCharleston/status/159480962655326208"&gt;Go Green Charleston!&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/elitemrp/status/159480474467700736"&gt;eliteMRP&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/nsryberg/status/159093935694807041"&gt;Antjepolis.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/StonewallYDems/status/159090760166277120"&gt;Stonewall Young Democrats&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/appblitz/status/159089285700661248"&gt;AppBlitz&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/browncafe/status/159089177542139904"&gt;Brown Cafe&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/crushlabs/status/159085629303570432"&gt;Crush Labs&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://teapartywest.com/"&gt;Tea Party West&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://antonamor.com/About.html"&gt;Antonamor&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.rockandwater.net/sopastrike.html"&gt;RockAndWater.net&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://elderscrolls.wikia.com/wiki/User_blog:Timeoin/Warning:_We%27re_going_offline_shortly"&gt;Elder Scrolls Wikia&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/CPAInfinity/status/159673643603988480"&gt;CPA Infinity&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://rockkit.com/"&gt;Rockkit Records&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.dreadlockssite.com/"&gt;Deadlock Site&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/nekosilvertail/status/159255334228205568"&gt;team-CTC&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/TommyWierper/status/159257484689805312"&gt;Tommy Wierper&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://ronbercume.com/sopa-protest-tomorrow/"&gt;Ron Bercume Design&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/jazzs3quence/status/159313463880065024"&gt;Jazz Sequence&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://t.co/GKaVy7up"&gt;Plague Studio&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://t.co/vNgY5VhO"&gt;ViperZeroOne&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://mssmag.com/"&gt;Motorcycle Street and Strip Magazine&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://bluedragoncreations.com/"&gt;Blue Dragon Creations&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://brianadragon.com/"&gt;Briana Dragon&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://thevampireslair.com/"&gt;The Vampire's Lair&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.elephant-talk.com/wiki/ETWiki_Home"&gt;Elephant Talk Wiki&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt; 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     &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://nolanwebdev.com/"&gt;Nolan Web Development&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://ghettowebmaster.com/"&gt;Ghetto Webmaster&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://qayemni.com/"&gt;qa yemni&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.7iber.com/"&gt;7iber.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://mindprod.com/"&gt;mindprod&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/NoSurfMusic/status/159697495864262657"&gt;NoSurfMusic&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://evolutiongames.net/dekaron/forums/"&gt;Evolution Games&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://hemarori.com/"&gt;hemarori.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://www.etf2l.org/"&gt;European Team Fortress 2 League&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://greenhostingdiscount.com/"&gt;Green Hosting Discount&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://ranker.com/"&gt;Ranker.com&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://homesoccerjersey.com/"&gt;Home Soccer Jersey&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="https://twitter.com/#!/geekgirlworld/status/159752238431076353"&gt;Geek Girl World&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://extrafuture.com/"&gt;Extra Future&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;      &lt;li&gt;&lt;a href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com" target="_blank"&gt;Sky of Shiroi Kiba&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/li&gt;   &lt;/ul&gt; &lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Untuk lebihnya, kamu bisa membaca &lt;a href="http://sopastrike.com/on-strike/" target="_blank"&gt;75.000 situs yang menolak SOPA dan PIPA&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Bagus atau Tidak????&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Secara pribadi, saya sangat Benci dengan Plagiat dan Pembajakan. Namun, membawa suatu hal dari dunia maya ke dunia nyata secara berlebihan, dan disertai penyalahgunaan,,SAYA TIDAK SETUJU, Karena UU ini sangat Rentan!&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;Apakah hanya di Amerika saja??&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Walaupun UU ini dibuat di AS, jangan pernah berpikir bahwa kita yang tinggal di Indonesia tidak akan mendapat dampaknya. Dan jika kamu berpikir demikian, maka segera perbaiki pemikiranmu. Mengapa saya katakan demikian?? Karena orang-orang yang membuat SOPA dan PIPA ini bukanlah orang bodoh. Sebagai contoh, kamu memiliki sebuah situs dengan alamat Indonesia, namun kamu mendaftarkan domain situs kamu di GoDaddy. Sedangkan, GoDaddy ini berasal dari Amerika, yang berarti di bawah hukum SOPA dan PIPA. Nah, ketika kamu tertuduh melakukan pelanggaran, maka GoDaddy akan membuang domain kamu. dan hal ini dapat mematikan proses dari situs kamu.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;Agar lebih jelas, silahkan ditonton video ini, bagaimana cara kerja dari SOPA dan PIPA.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style="padding-bottom: 0px; margin: 0px auto; padding-left: 0px; width: 448px; padding-right: 0px; display: block; float: none; padding-top: 0px" id="scid:5737277B-5D6D-4f48-ABFC-DD9C333F4C5D:efba695f-952d-496f-a1a9-87a6679f3b1f" class="wlWriterEditableSmartContent"&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;object width="448" height="252"&gt;&lt;param name="movie" value="http://www.youtube.com/v/7YoXmeES-90?hl=en&amp;amp;hd=1"&gt;&lt;/param&gt;&lt;embed src="http://www.youtube.com/v/7YoXmeES-90?hl=en&amp;amp;hd=1" type="application/x-shockwave-flash" width="448" height="252"&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div class="blogger-post-footer"&gt;&lt;img width='1' height='1' src='https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/tracker/8302930648872568002-4226961711521818823?l=shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com' alt='' /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;img src="http://feeds.feedburner.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~4/Ns7pcZDUMRs" height="1" width="1"/&gt;</content><link rel="replies" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/feeds/4226961711521818823/comments/default" title="Poskan Komentar" /><link rel="replies" type="text/html" href="http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/plus-minus-sopa-dan-pipa.html#comment-form" title="0 Komentar" /><link rel="edit" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4226961711521818823?v=2" /><link rel="self" type="application/atom+xml" href="http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8302930648872568002/posts/default/4226961711521818823?v=2" /><link rel="alternate" type="text/html" href="http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Skyofshiroikiba/~3/Ns7pcZDUMRs/plus-minus-sopa-dan-pipa.html" title="Plus Minus SOPA dan PIPA" /><author><name>Hendra Yulisman</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/08697633679451656274</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail" width="24" height="32" src="http://1.bp.blogspot.com/-Pb0SCm66M_g/ToitG1M3iUI/AAAAAAAAATs/R6FQO1UrFa8/s220/Cutcek1262.jpg" /></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-OPBWOtf9Ams/Txe2Y6e9LVI/AAAAAAAAA6Q/iDL7j1E41EU/s72-c/Wikipedia-Blackout_thumb3.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72" /><thr:total>0</thr:total><feedburner:origLink>http://shiroi-kiba.blogspot.com/2012/01/plus-minus-sopa-dan-pipa.html</feedburner:origLink></entry></feed>

