<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007</id><updated>2025-05-22T13:46:43.309+02:00</updated><category term="pillole di finanza"/><category term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category term="manie"/><category term="speculazione"/><category term="derivati finanziari"/><category term="mercati finanziari"/><category term="leva finanziaria"/><category term="mondo"/><category term="debito pubblico"/><category term="web"/><category term="trading"/><category term="promotore finanziario"/><category term="debito sovrano"/><category term="obbligazioni"/><category 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term="riporto di Borsa"/><category term="rischio commodity"/><category term="risoluzione extragiudiziale"/><category term="ristrutturazione del debito"/><category term="s&amp;p"/><category term="segmento STAR"/><category term="sentiero degli dei"/><category term="social lavoro"/><category term="social lending"/><category term="società quotate"/><category term="sottoscrizione"/><category term="sottosviluppo"/><category term="speedball"/><category term="spese pubbliche"/><category term="spread"/><category term="start up"/><category term="streaming tv"/><category term="strumenti finanziari"/><category term="sviluppo"/><category term="taeg"/><category term="talend"/><category term="tasso di rendimento"/><category term="terrorismo"/><category term="titolarizzazione"/><category term="titolo di compendio"/><category term="traffico droga"/><category term="trend"/><category term="tv on-demand"/><category term="utili societari"/><category term="warrant"/><category term="web economy"/><category term="zero coupon"/><title type='text'>soldi e contorni</title><subtitle type='html'>          &quot;i soldi sono una cosa seria. &#xa;qualcuno è convinto persino che parlino&quot; &#xa;                                       C. Bukowski</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>276</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-1042205312860235525</id><published>2021-01-10T20:26:00.009+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:57:19.333+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="elezioni Usa"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: Cyberlux Corporation (CYBL)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguhqhBG-dx51OlWsRmtAjA2ORrATjcJaw6_iPaKfoPMp6YhUkHq10Y__mR3PdLSUKyd_TpkxEZmHbME5NlQqomcIeiKRUu062qAsiXEUVBAkzw2AJQzkCBYaOrt3OiHTAm7AKZ5jq9ctf7/s854/Cybl+stock.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;557&quot; data-original-width=&quot;854&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguhqhBG-dx51OlWsRmtAjA2ORrATjcJaw6_iPaKfoPMp6YhUkHq10Y__mR3PdLSUKyd_TpkxEZmHbME5NlQqomcIeiKRUu062qAsiXEUVBAkzw2AJQzkCBYaOrt3OiHTAm7AKZ5jq9ctf7/s320/Cybl+stock.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Cyberlux Corporation è una società d’illuminotecnica avanzata fondata nel 2000 con sede a Durham, capoluogo dell’omonima contea del Nord Carolina.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-b7f9df3e-7fff-cc19-c1c2-1b163da19415&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Dopo i primi successi sui prodotti ad alta tecnologia LED di largo consumo, dal 2006 fornisce soluzioni uniche al Dipartimento della Difesa USA quali sistemi avanzati di illuminazione a LED, portatili alimentati a batteria e ad energia solare, prodotti di base e luci di sicurezza e per operazioni speciali, occupandosi anche della progettazione, della manutenzione e della commercializzazione degli stessi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I suoi prodotti d’avanguardia sono in uso presso l&#39;Aeronautica Militare degli Stati Uniti, la Guardia Nazionale, il Comando Operazioni Speciali (SOCOM) e l&#39;esercito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La società si occupa anche della formazione specifica per il loro impiego.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Cyberlux è una società per azioni registrata presso la US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) i cui titoli azionari sono stati quotati sul mercato Over the Counter Bulletin Board (OTCBB) con il simbolo CYBL per confluire poi, a seguito della riforma del 2008, sul mercato &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;OTC Pink - Nessuna Informazione&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Dieci anni fa il titolo si muoveva sopra il dollaro per poi cadere in picchiata ben al di sotto dei dieci millesimi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tra il 2016 e il 2018 ha toccato più volte quota 0,001 $ per crollare nuovamente a cifre impronunciabili.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Nell’ultimo anno le azioni di Cyberlux sono oscillate dal minimo storico di 0,00001 $ del 03/02/2020 al massimo di 0,0006 $ del 17/12/2020.

Si parla tanto di riassetto dell&#39;esercito e delle forse di difesa USA in questo periodo e i volumi, sebbene ancora a ritmo altalenante, ne stanno risentendo ultimamente.
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&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/1042205312860235525/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2021/01/penny-sotto-la-lente-cyberlux.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/1042205312860235525'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/1042205312860235525'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2021/01/penny-sotto-la-lente-cyberlux.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: Cyberlux Corporation (CYBL)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEguhqhBG-dx51OlWsRmtAjA2ORrATjcJaw6_iPaKfoPMp6YhUkHq10Y__mR3PdLSUKyd_TpkxEZmHbME5NlQqomcIeiKRUu062qAsiXEUVBAkzw2AJQzkCBYaOrt3OiHTAm7AKZ5jq9ctf7/s72-c/Cybl+stock.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-7467977544331459092</id><published>2020-12-20T16:53:00.008+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:57:29.199+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: 1st NRG Corp. (FNRC)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZTe96_TJUcw-5sQWQb8H-3TVw-AnOsIvX7VdcNbky6jfIBi-eOow94trIDHqjBFd2bRHd5iGCz6_pow9OcqsIZ8AmZ6NZ4Ztb4Vs971vyfl7RkdN55V6s5Z-l4PNl0R1_43-qNBCFXxp6/s2048/IMG_20210125_163538.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1622&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2048&quot; height=&quot;253&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZTe96_TJUcw-5sQWQb8H-3TVw-AnOsIvX7VdcNbky6jfIBi-eOow94trIDHqjBFd2bRHd5iGCz6_pow9OcqsIZ8AmZ6NZ4Ztb4Vs971vyfl7RkdN55V6s5Z-l4PNl0R1_43-qNBCFXxp6/w313-h253/IMG_20210125_163538.jpg&quot; width=&quot;313&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;1st NRG Corp. è una società di esplorazione e produzione di metano da carbone con sede a Denver, Colorado. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-5a5bab2f-7fff-a028-35ee-ace5accb6b79&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’attività è incentrata sullo sviluppo di riserve di metano da giacimenti di carbone nel Wyoming, dove opera attraverso una consociata interamente controllata e detiene una partecipazione attiva in 43 pozzi di produzione e 3.018 acri di superficie non ancora sfruttati che potrebbero consentire ulteriori 36 siti, ma dal 2014 la società ha ampliato le proprie attività nell’Ohio, prendendo in gestione un’area di circa 7.000 acri. 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La compagnia detiene anche varie partecipazioni in società impegnate in diversi progetti energetici alternativi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il titolo, quotato &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;OTC Pink - Nessuna Informazione&lt;/a&gt;, è arenato in area 0,0001 $, ma i volumi sono lievitati in modo impressionante di recente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/7467977544331459092/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/12/penny-sotto-la-lente-1st-nrg-corp-fnrc.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7467977544331459092'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7467977544331459092'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/12/penny-sotto-la-lente-1st-nrg-corp-fnrc.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: 1st NRG Corp. (FNRC)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiZTe96_TJUcw-5sQWQb8H-3TVw-AnOsIvX7VdcNbky6jfIBi-eOow94trIDHqjBFd2bRHd5iGCz6_pow9OcqsIZ8AmZ6NZ4Ztb4Vs971vyfl7RkdN55V6s5Z-l4PNl0R1_43-qNBCFXxp6/s72-w313-h253-c/IMG_20210125_163538.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-2485532986536800238</id><published>2020-12-13T22:03:00.011+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:57:36.773+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: eWellness Healthcare Corporation (EWLL)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8O5JZ82nmh27ecwHdW7-ORix0ojJfFlOP_WQBefUznT-rh7cl6BAmBKS2pIUZRdMY4sAIQobc51nVJfJP65t-PRdZ3GMFQ9Xd4O-kWsO03eEl_ZneFCaqDZHRLXb4cOHc_YPA_fdh1BF/s743/ewll.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;528&quot; data-original-width=&quot;743&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8O5JZ82nmh27ecwHdW7-ORix0ojJfFlOP_WQBefUznT-rh7cl6BAmBKS2pIUZRdMY4sAIQobc51nVJfJP65t-PRdZ3GMFQ9Xd4O-kWsO03eEl_ZneFCaqDZHRLXb4cOHc_YPA_fdh1BF/s320/ewll.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;eWellness Healthcare Corporation è un’azienda di “telemedicina” per terapie fisiche con sede in Florida ed attiva dal 2011.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-ed563933-7fff-a707-e3ae-1dca043f238e&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;E’ la prima azienda USA ad offrire su larga scala trattamenti monitorati a distanza in tempo reale a pazienti, privati e lavoratori direttamente dall’ufficio.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il suo&amp;nbsp; modello di business prevede infatti che i datori di lavoro possano utilizzare la sua piattaforma di assistenza virtuale per fisioterapisti (PHZIO) quale programma di benessere aziendale completamente monitorato a distanza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Piattaforma che consente anche l’interconnessione di licenze di terze parti e il monitoraggio del rispetto delle terapie post ricovero da parte di pazienti affetti da diabete, problemi cardiovascolari ecc.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;A causa della pandemia Covid-19, il governo federale ha eliminato i requisiti di licenza interstatali per i fisioterapisti, oltre a consentire al servizio sanitario di rimborsare i fisioterapisti nell&#39;ambito dei programmi Medicare e Medicaid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Già prima di questi provvedimenti legislativi il mercato della terapia fisica aveva superato i 35 miliardi di dollari l’anno e le stime prevedevano una sua crescita del 6,2% all&#39;anno per superare quota 45 miliardi di dollari entro il 2023. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sebbene questa crescita dei ricavi si sia verificata nelle cliniche di terapia fisica e le stime siano state calcolate soltanto su tale dato, l’interesse per il titolo di eWelness, che dallo scorso aprile ha visto l&#39;utilizzo medio giornaliero della sua piattaforma crescere da una a oltre 1.000 visite al giorno e che è l&#39;unica piattaforma di telemedicina dedicata alla riabilitazione fisica quotata in borsa, è aumentato in maniera esponenziale (media volumi 397.357.256), anche se la quotazione (&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;mercato Pink - Nessuna Informazione&lt;/a&gt;), dopo aver improvvisamente raggiunto il picco di 2 $ il 12 febbraio, dall’esplosione della pandemia sembra essersi inchiodata nel range 0,0002 - 0,0005 $.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;!--more--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/2485532986536800238/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/12/penny-sotto-la-lente-ewellness.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2485532986536800238'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2485532986536800238'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/12/penny-sotto-la-lente-ewellness.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: eWellness Healthcare Corporation (EWLL)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjH8O5JZ82nmh27ecwHdW7-ORix0ojJfFlOP_WQBefUznT-rh7cl6BAmBKS2pIUZRdMY4sAIQobc51nVJfJP65t-PRdZ3GMFQ9Xd4O-kWsO03eEl_ZneFCaqDZHRLXb4cOHc_YPA_fdh1BF/s72-c/ewll.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-2964643917045648995</id><published>2020-11-22T22:01:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:57:54.599+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: ICOA - Internet Commerce Of America (ICOA)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVkACny_IImxzAsUfxxEvUXVROEDZzipKWANVRkg_XIDGr52y-pi9Er-TcVAJEF_NxyHq9A7cQryYTjCk_fO8vlh5XVBlTldTqv2hfXn0LQDuwTOZ4EeuXQ6e3Vu17V7b6O85ofZZKXXNP/s842/icoa+stock.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;549&quot; data-original-width=&quot;842&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVkACny_IImxzAsUfxxEvUXVROEDZzipKWANVRkg_XIDGr52y-pi9Er-TcVAJEF_NxyHq9A7cQryYTjCk_fO8vlh5XVBlTldTqv2hfXn0LQDuwTOZ4EeuXQ6e3Vu17V7b6O85ofZZKXXNP/s320/icoa+stock.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ICOA Inc. è un’azienda fondata nel 1983&amp;nbsp; con sede a Warwirk, nel Rhode Island, che fornisce servizi Internet a banda larga sia wireless che cablati negli Stati Uniti.&amp;nbsp;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nata come Quintonix e divenuta ICOA nel marzo 1989, essa offre soluzioni di back office per operatori di hotspot e fornitori di servizi wireless fornendo anche servizi di consulenza, oltre a procurare, configurare e installare apparecchiature di rete, attrezzature e ad occuparsi di amministrazione, fatturazione, business intelligence e servizi vari relativi alla gestione dei contenuti.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;La compagnia, inoltre, si propone anche per la progettazione, l’installazione, la manutenzione e la gestione di hot spot Wi-Fi WLAN standard 802.11x neutri e di uso comune e delle infrastrutture hot zone in aeroporti, ristoranti con servizio rapido, università, porti turistici, strutture ricettive e località municipali.&amp;nbsp;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Essa possiede e gestisce circa 1.500 installazioni di accesso a banda larga in 45 stati, la rete LinkSpot nei parchi e nei campeggi destinati ai camper e la rete iDockUSA nei porti turistici.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il titolo, quotato sul mercato &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;OTC Pink - Nessuna Informazione&lt;/a&gt;, si muove tra 0,0001 e 0,0002 $ da diversi mesi, con qualche sporadica sortita a quota 0,0003 $.&lt;br /&gt;Il massimo annuo è stato di 0,0004 $, ben distante da quel 0,005 $ del giugno 2016 e dalle cifre toccate dieci anni fa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/2964643917045648995/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/11/penny-sotto-la-lente-icoa-internet.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2964643917045648995'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2964643917045648995'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/11/penny-sotto-la-lente-icoa-internet.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: ICOA - Internet Commerce Of America (ICOA)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjVkACny_IImxzAsUfxxEvUXVROEDZzipKWANVRkg_XIDGr52y-pi9Er-TcVAJEF_NxyHq9A7cQryYTjCk_fO8vlh5XVBlTldTqv2hfXn0LQDuwTOZ4EeuXQ6e3Vu17V7b6O85ofZZKXXNP/s72-c/icoa+stock.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8145419441268623393</id><published>2020-10-04T09:02:00.013+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:58:03.015+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: MMEX Resources Corp (MMEX)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE6qaZVmdA0ijlIw3QS5Os0tQU34QApCHhfXo48_9RPhGSVnHfsaFh_HtZlSUNNcg7qpzG_pX9LT9pFlP_mhHEuzjAT7U_R7uUJk7W5S2IJnAqeGjj2STxQ4btT5PhnOJMcJPRF50BH-fJ/s2048/mmex.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2048&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1498&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE6qaZVmdA0ijlIw3QS5Os0tQU34QApCHhfXo48_9RPhGSVnHfsaFh_HtZlSUNNcg7qpzG_pX9LT9pFlP_mhHEuzjAT7U_R7uUJk7W5S2IJnAqeGjj2STxQ4btT5PhnOJMcJPRF50BH-fJ/s320/mmex.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;MMEX Resources Corp. è una società in fase di sviluppo, figlia di varie acquisizioni e trasformazioni, che si occupa di finanziamento e sviluppo di progetti di esplorazione, estrazione, raffinazione e distribuzione di petrolio, gas naturale, prodotti derivati dal greggio ed energia elettrica (pannelli solari compresi). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-f9fd7ff9-7fff-f37c-d7b5-d1e680f6843e&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;Le sue attività sono concentrate su Texas, Perù e altri paesi dell&#39;America Latina e l&#39;obiettivo più significativo del suo piano aziendale è la costruzione di impianti di raffinazione del petrolio greggio nel bacino del Permiano nel Texas occidentale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;L&#39;azienda è stata fondata il 19 maggio 2005 e ha sede a Fort Stockton, Texas, e il titolo, &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Pink - Informazione Attuale (o Corrente)&lt;/a&gt;, ancorato nel range 0,0001 - 0,0002 (ma crollato anche a 0,00001), suscita notevole interesse in fatto di volumi medi (130 milioni circa).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Non è scontato per un’azienda “tradizionale” con alle spalle una lunga storia ed un management specializzato principalmente nelle attività estrattive di greggio.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8145419441268623393/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/10/penny-sotto-la-lente-mmex-resources.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8145419441268623393'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8145419441268623393'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/10/penny-sotto-la-lente-mmex-resources.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: MMEX Resources Corp (MMEX)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhE6qaZVmdA0ijlIw3QS5Os0tQU34QApCHhfXo48_9RPhGSVnHfsaFh_HtZlSUNNcg7qpzG_pX9LT9pFlP_mhHEuzjAT7U_R7uUJk7W5S2IJnAqeGjj2STxQ4btT5PhnOJMcJPRF50BH-fJ/s72-c/mmex.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-391546999060025842</id><published>2020-09-13T11:55:00.001+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T23:03:16.191+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="AIM Italia"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="borsa italiana"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="PMI"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Il mercato otc italiano: AIM Italia e il flop del MAC</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_zTxOWRF0SPfSVLDyJWHgsHCaXSlV3QskqrYNHN-Tl7EU_U2HNcT2qPRtuJiySAVLKci4Tw3XXkO_T_wLSB6vVFa9CMAcmmSxwYAmMccDndO4Do6-yM864ucp_9ErK9WidjmFg0rYuo1/s640/fiat-4322521_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;514&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_zTxOWRF0SPfSVLDyJWHgsHCaXSlV3QskqrYNHN-Tl7EU_U2HNcT2qPRtuJiySAVLKci4Tw3XXkO_T_wLSB6vVFa9CMAcmmSxwYAmMccDndO4Do6-yM864ucp_9ErK9WidjmFg0rYuo1/s320/fiat-4322521_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Le penny stock italiane sono negoziate sul mercato AIM Italia, ma è possibile trovare azioni con valore nominale contenuto anche sul listino principale. Basti pensare, ad esempio, ai tanti bancari quotati sul MTA al di sotto di 2 euro, a Telecom Italia, Juventus FC, RCS Mediagroup, AS Roma etc.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L&#39;AIM, Alternative Investment Market, è un mercato di scambi non regolamentato, regolato e gestito dalla London Stock Exchange (LSE) e per questo &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/07/i-mercati-over-counter.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;non sottoposto alla vigilanza dell’autorità di controllo&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In fase di ammissione non è infatti richiesta la pubblicazione di un prospetto informativo e successivamente non è richiesta la pubblicazione dei resoconti trimestrali di gestione, ma solo il bilancio e la relazione dell&#39;ultimo semestre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;AIM Italia è stato istituito per accogliere le PMI e segue la stessa impostazione del mercato Aim di Londra e di quello di Tokio.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La sua nascita ha sancito la fine del mercato &lt;b&gt;Expandi&lt;/b&gt;, istituito nel 2006 per favorire la quotazione di aziende di minori dimensioni tramite procedure di quotazione meno onerose e complesse e che a sua volta aveva sostituito il Mercato Ristretto.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;L’Expandi, mai decollato per&amp;nbsp; l’assenza di agevolazioni fiscali e l&#39;obbligo di tenere i bilanci sotto controllo, è stato assorbito dal &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/03/mercati-finanziari-la-suddivisione.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;MTA&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La valutazione delle società che richiedono l’ammissione alla quotazione avviene ad opera del Nominate Adviser, Nomad, figura anch’essa adottata dal modello londinese, che avrà poi anche il compito di assisterle nel corso della loro permanenza sul mercato.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il Nomad, una banca di norma, è responsabile nei confronti di Borsa Italiana anche per le procedure interne della società e per la fase successiva all&#39;ammissione alla quotazione.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La società quotata, inoltre, dovrà tenere in via continuativa un operatore specialist, un&#39;istituzione che la assista nel collocamento, produce ricerche periodiche e facilita l’incontro tra domanda e offerta sulle azioni quotate nella fase di mercato secondario.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Esso effettua, quindi, l’attività di market maker impegnandosi a sostenere la liquidità del titolo e ad esporre continuativamente proposte d’acquisto e di vendita sul mercato, per un quantitativo minimo giornaliero prefissato che garantisca l&#39;operatività e la liquidità del titolo, a prezzi non molto distanti tra essi.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sono previsti, infine, obblighi di trasparenza delle operazioni societarie.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A tal fine sono stabiliti specifici parametri e modalità di calcolo per identificare quelle rilevanti.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Con la quotazione sull’AIM le aziende godono, indubbiamente, di vantaggi quali la maggiore possibilità di accedere al credito, cosa purtroppo non facile dallo scoppio della crisi dei sub-prime in poi, e di raggiungere un elevato grado di visibilità all’interno e fuori dai confini nazionali.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ma a quasi nove anni dalla sua istituzione l’AIM Italia è ben distante dalle dimensioni raggiunte dal pari mercato inglese.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Un segnale delle grosse difficoltà che esso avrebbe riscontrato lo si aveva avuto già con il mancato decollo del mercato alternativo del capitale, &lt;b&gt;MAC&lt;/b&gt;. Un mercato accorpato nel 2012 all’AIM che era riservato ad investitori professionali e che si fondava su requisiti d&#39;accesso semplificati e sul ruolo fondamentale delle banche presenti sul territorio di riferimento dell&#39;impresa che si quotava su di esso.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il MAC consentiva l&#39;incontro tra la domanda e l&#39;offerta di capitali attraverso la concentrazione degli scambi, la determinazione di valori oggettivi delle imprese e l’adozione di regole condivise dai partecipanti ed era rivolto esclusivamente agli investitori professionali, reputati in grado di valorizzare i progetti di crescita a medio e lungo termine dell&#39;impresa e valutare autonomamente il rischio d&#39;impresa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il regolamento del MAC definiva modalità di esecuzione delle negoziazioni replicanti anche alcune di quelle osservate per i mercati OTC statunitensi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/391546999060025842/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/09/il-mercato-otc-italiano-aim-italia-e-il.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/391546999060025842'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/391546999060025842'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/09/il-mercato-otc-italiano-aim-italia-e-il.html' title='Il mercato otc italiano: AIM Italia e il flop del MAC'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEil_zTxOWRF0SPfSVLDyJWHgsHCaXSlV3QskqrYNHN-Tl7EU_U2HNcT2qPRtuJiySAVLKci4Tw3XXkO_T_wLSB6vVFa9CMAcmmSxwYAmMccDndO4Do6-yM864ucp_9ErK9WidjmFg0rYuo1/s72-c/fiat-4322521_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-3542620777759253805</id><published>2020-09-06T08:57:00.002+02:00</published><updated>2021-01-21T09:02:02.231+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="blockchain"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><title type='text'>Penny sotto la lente: Social Life Network (WDLF)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-0EI1El_YM1iVsWFJeiw74zoP5xGrSGTP8mIwRT_MvuH5ipU_WTSyYmfZShxYnsWZU69uIS96GqSnav-KtVFor0Lrkqdcfu3jM0v7Fpf3ISNIqxKraldIzMF7nyGe4MUdYG1GC-d-LPH/s2048/IMG_20210121_085525wdlf.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2048&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1772&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-0EI1El_YM1iVsWFJeiw74zoP5xGrSGTP8mIwRT_MvuH5ipU_WTSyYmfZShxYnsWZU69uIS96GqSnav-KtVFor0Lrkqdcfu3jM0v7Fpf3ISNIqxKraldIzMF7nyGe4MUdYG1GC-d-LPH/s320/IMG_20210121_085525wdlf.jpg&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Social Life Network è una piattaforma di social networking aziendale e di consumo basata su blockchain e intelligenza artificiale destinata a settori B2B di nicchia fondata il 1° gennaio 2013 e con sede a Englewood, Colorado.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-25028a66-7fff-65b4-1dc6-be6557d9465b&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La società si è quotata il 16 luglio 2016 e il valore nominale delle azioni all’apertura dell’IPO è stato di 50,00 $.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Dagli inizi dell’anno il titolo (&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;mercato Pink - Notizie Attuali)&lt;/a&gt; è in caduta libera, stazionandosi in area 0,00010 $, ma notevole l’interesse riaccesosi su di esso in pieno agosto, sia per i diversi accordi raggiunti in ambito e-commerce, sia in ottica di una ripresa dell’economia e di ripartenza delle PMI statunitensi di nicchia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/3542620777759253805/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/09/penny-sotto-la-lente-social-life.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/3542620777759253805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/3542620777759253805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/09/penny-sotto-la-lente-social-life.html' title='Penny sotto la lente: Social Life Network (WDLF)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEha-0EI1El_YM1iVsWFJeiw74zoP5xGrSGTP8mIwRT_MvuH5ipU_WTSyYmfZShxYnsWZU69uIS96GqSnav-KtVFor0Lrkqdcfu3jM0v7Fpf3ISNIqxKraldIzMF7nyGe4MUdYG1GC-d-LPH/s72-c/IMG_20210121_085525wdlf.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-7116975714001713292</id><published>2020-08-09T11:42:00.029+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T23:03:16.195+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="OTC Markets Group"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>OTC Markets Group: la galassia over the counter Usa</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtX4g9qvy8xWiMU1n-Z__NShcCsXk_n4RjdI87sYoqLinOw1e4qOMwk0KHLKY8uNBMJOQI6TCpovI4dpA8fCZ1leBDb7yVIHLLgPBw4B98iLJl7JRE1yRNmc6IV9SUHq9jIgA18Az4j6v/s640/new-york-5185104_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;427&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtX4g9qvy8xWiMU1n-Z__NShcCsXk_n4RjdI87sYoqLinOw1e4qOMwk0KHLKY8uNBMJOQI6TCpovI4dpA8fCZ1leBDb7yVIHLLgPBw4B98iLJl7JRE1yRNmc6IV9SUHq9jIgA18Az4j6v/s320/new-york-5185104_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Le &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/07/i-mercati-over-counter.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;azioni over the counter&lt;/a&gt; sono presenti su OTC Markets Group, mercato finanziario con sede a New York che fornisce informazioni su prezzi e liquidità di quasi dodicimila titoli.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-db10557e-7fff-ee40-7962-a170e44abea7&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Questi sono suddivisi in tre principali mercati: OTCQX, OTCQB e Pink.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17.3333px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Il mercato &lt;b&gt;OTCQX&lt;/b&gt; (OTCQX® Best Market) ospita sia multinazionali che ambiscono a vendere le proprie azioni agli investitori statunitensi, sia compagnie nazionali in espansione.
Per accedervi esse devono sottoporsi ad una revisione qualitativa da parte di OTC Markets Group e trasmettere a questa le proprie informazioni finanziarie. Non è necessario che si registrino o trasmettano i propri documenti alla SEC.
&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;Le società statunitensi devono essere operative e non versare in uno stato di insolvenza tale da indirizzarle alla bancarotta, mentre quelle straniere devono soddisfare i requisiti richiesti dalle borse estere regolamentate.
Ogni emittente che quota i propri titoli sul mercato OTCQX deve essere sponsorizzato da banche di investimento e/o studi legali terzi approvati, denominati Sponsor OTCQX.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17.3333px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Il mercato &lt;b&gt;OTCQB&lt;/b&gt; (OTCQB® Venture Market) ha un requisito di prezzo dell’offerta pari ad un centesimo di dollaro, in modo da escludere le compagnie che hanno maggiori probabilità di diventare oggetto di tecniche di frode.

Ogni anno le aziende i cui titoli sono quotati in tale comparto sono sottoposte a verifiche sulla gestione, sui principali azionisti, i consulenti professionali e i fornitori di servizi ai fini del rilascio di una certificazione OTCQB. 
Certificazione che consente alle società quotate sul mercato Pink di passare a questo a patto che rendano disponibili anche le loro informative sulla base di quanto disposto dalla SEC.

Per i limiti richiesti per la determinazione del prezzo al momento della registrazione dei titoli, i mercati OTCQX e OTCQB sono definiti dalla SEC “mercati pubblici consolidati”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17.3333px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Il mercato &lt;b&gt;Pink&lt;/b&gt; (Pink® Open Market) è un mercato aperto, privo di standard finanziari o requisiti di rendicontazione. 
Le azioni delle società non devono essere registrate presso la SEC.

Le compagnie sono classificate in tre categorie sulla base del livello e della tempestività delle informazioni fornite agli investitori e, in generale, divulgate al pubblico.

- Informazione Attuale.

Rientrano in questa categoria le aziende che depositano relazioni trimestrali e annuali periodicamente. 
La maggiorparte di esse deposita in archivio rendiconti annui relativi almeno ai due anni precedenti, ma possono rientrare in tale categoria anche società di comodo o in fase di sviluppo con in corso poche o nessuna attività, oltre a società senza bilancio certificato.

- Informazioni Limitate.

Sono classificate quali società aventi informazioni limitate quelle che hanno trasmesso informazioni non più vecchie di sei mesi al centro dati e notizie di OTC Markets o che nei sei mesi precedenti si sono registrate nel sistema EDGAR della SEC.
Si tratta di aziende che non vogliono o non sono in grado di soddisfare le linee guida del mercato OTC di fornire ogni tre mesi informazioni aggiornate mediante rapporti trimestrali o annui. 
Spesso sono aziende con problemi di rendicontazione contabile, difficoltà economiche o avviate alla bancarotta.

- Nessuna Informazione.

Rientrano in tale categoria le aziende che non vogliono fornire informazioni al pubblico o, se lo fanno, forniscono dati risalenti ad oltre sei mesi addietro.
Possono rientrare in questa anche le società che hanno cessato l’attività o quelle con pratiche di gestione o divulgazione dei dati molto discutibili (società “oscure”).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 17.3333px; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;Altri mercati OTC 


Altri mercati over the counter simili a quelli istituzionali sono l’OTC Bulletin Board (&lt;b&gt;OTCBB&lt;/b&gt;), che in realtà è soltanto un elenco di titoli negoziati anche over the counter, e il mercato &lt;b&gt;Grey&lt;/b&gt;, riguardante titoli non quotati su alcuna borsa valori e né formalmente sui mercati gestiti da OTC Markets Group e OTCBB.
Le nogoziazioni, in quest’ultimo caso, vengono segnalate ad un organismo di autoregolamentazione, SRO, che trasmette i dati alle società di mercato.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/7116975714001713292/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7116975714001713292'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7116975714001713292'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/08/otc-markets-group-la-galassia-over.html' title='OTC Markets Group: la galassia over the counter Usa'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgXtX4g9qvy8xWiMU1n-Z__NShcCsXk_n4RjdI87sYoqLinOw1e4qOMwk0KHLKY8uNBMJOQI6TCpovI4dpA8fCZ1leBDb7yVIHLLgPBw4B98iLJl7JRE1yRNmc6IV9SUHq9jIgA18Az4j6v/s72-c/new-york-5185104_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8386865151144123493</id><published>2020-07-11T11:24:00.013+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T23:03:16.196+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crisi economica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="mutui subprime"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>I mercati over the counter</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglz_pQ0MIggbW1_IW42qHQum_hb6kD7H09hw8oPonWkI-nwEUM2s9h35_39vcHyXrgnBXhMc0IiPDd5jvavpCU1Qovbf6WZ2xvpwiLVYXDtJtquQ0RXqpUYGQ4Dv1USGydGc5LPGsT8dHh/s640/window-627965_640.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;425&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglz_pQ0MIggbW1_IW42qHQum_hb6kD7H09hw8oPonWkI-nwEUM2s9h35_39vcHyXrgnBXhMc0IiPDd5jvavpCU1Qovbf6WZ2xvpwiLVYXDtJtquQ0RXqpUYGQ4Dv1USGydGc5LPGsT8dHh/s320/window-627965_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Over the Counter (OTC) indica il processo con cui un’azione, un titolo in generale, un indice, un derivato o un cross valutario viene scambiato al di fuori di una borsa valori.&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-edd318cb-7fff-60c6-aa7e-7fecda6de9d5&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’espressione sembra risalire a quella utilizzata nelle farmacie per i prodotti da banco (“sul bancone”), per i quali non è necessaria la prescrizione medica e i cui prezzi non sono imposti o controllati.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Un mercato OTC ospita dunque negoziazioni che avvengono al di fuori dei &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/03/i-mercati-finanziari-qualche-nozione-di.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;circuiti finanziari ufficiali&lt;/a&gt;: l’unico principio che determina le quotazioni è l’incontro tra la domanda e l’offerta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I mercati over the counter sono mercati decentralizzati, privi di una sede fisica centrale, dove venditori ed acquirenti scambiano asset attraverso sistemi di trading elettronici, telefono ed email.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Essi sono utilizzati principalmente per lo scambio di valute, derivati, obbligazioni, asset strutturati e titoli azionari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;In linea di massima, lo scambio tra due controparti può avvenire senza che altri vengano a conoscenza del prezzo cui s’è conclusa la trattativa, non vigendo gli stessi obblighi di trasparenza previsti per i mercati regolamentati.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Una carenza che può rivelarsi anche deleteria per l’intero sistema, come quando nel 2008 non vi erano più acquirenti per i titoli ipotecari e altri derivati all’epoca negoziati esclusivamente over the counter e la liquidità si era completamente prosciugata, generandosi quella che sarebbe diventata in brevissimo tempo &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/02/perche-il-quantitative-easing.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;la più grande crisi di liquidità della storia recente&lt;/a&gt;, la cosiddetta crisi dei mutui sub-prime, che ha condotto il mondo ad una stretta creditizia senza precedenti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La funzione di market-maker di molti dealer, in altri termini, era venuta meno e, preso nota delle conseguenze per l’economia mondiale, che fragilmente arrancava sulla liquidazione dei crediti incagliati e di quelli tossici in ultima istanza, furono create delle stanze di compensazione (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;clearing house&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;) anche per garantire il perfezionamento post-vendita delle operazioni over the counter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 13pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Da allora tanti passi in avanti sono stati fatti per perseguire quel grado di trasparenza necessaria per conoscere i dati reali circa la domanda e l’offerta delle operazioni trattate OTC alla base del corretto funzionamento del sistema finanziario e creditizio cercando, al contempo, di non aggravare i costi a carico delle aziende e dei soggetti che hanno invece bisogno di ricorrere ad un sistema di negoziazioni più informale ed elastico per raccogliere i capitali necessari alla propria sopravvivenza e maturare i requisiti per accedere al credito. &lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8386865151144123493/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/07/i-mercati-over-counter.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8386865151144123493'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8386865151144123493'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/07/i-mercati-over-counter.html' title='I mercati over the counter'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEglz_pQ0MIggbW1_IW42qHQum_hb6kD7H09hw8oPonWkI-nwEUM2s9h35_39vcHyXrgnBXhMc0IiPDd5jvavpCU1Qovbf6WZ2xvpwiLVYXDtJtquQ0RXqpUYGQ4Dv1USGydGc5LPGsT8dHh/s72-c/window-627965_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-940936208436389746</id><published>2020-06-20T09:51:00.014+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:28:06.163+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="azioni"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="broker finanziari"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny Stock: perché investirci?</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8DviE-IfGPCdRzGt8wSX-flVUb-RCPqMVlQV9_mVYRXZkuISS6tjHshdLvSahR-4R4Q7F4rVTXTMvXJNfWcsj5Q_VMYQ7oW1jv2epLD0cEXk7dXQprUC-P1qoHzXFKASSSdC9-9OxMtoe/s640/trading-643723_640.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8DviE-IfGPCdRzGt8wSX-flVUb-RCPqMVlQV9_mVYRXZkuISS6tjHshdLvSahR-4R4Q7F4rVTXTMvXJNfWcsj5Q_VMYQ7oW1jv2epLD0cEXk7dXQprUC-P1qoHzXFKASSSdC9-9OxMtoe/s320/trading-643723_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Per quello che ci siamo detti sulle penny stock, vale la pena investirci?&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In effetti, molti dei &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/06/penny-stock-di-cosa-tener-conto-prima.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;fattori di rischio menzionati&lt;/a&gt;, quali ad esempio il prezzo molto basso e l’alta volatilità di esso, rappresentano anche elementi che possono tradursi in potenziali vantaggi, poiché il guadagno può essere molto più elevato rispetto a quello che è possibile ottenere da un investimento in titoli di aziende a grossa capitalizzazione e dal valore nominale decisamente più alto.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Le &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;penny stock&lt;/a&gt;, inoltre, possono rappresentare strumenti di diversificazione del portafoglio e per strategie di breve periodo, adottando le dovute accortezze che il buon senso richiede.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Senza dimenticare che, al di là delle penny stock OTC, esistono anche penny stock all’interno delle borse più note, come, ad esempio, quella di Milano, il NASDAQ o l’AMEX.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nulla vieta di iniziare con queste, per le quali è facilissimo recuperare informazioni finanziarie sempre aggiornate, analisi tecniche, segnali di trading e tanti altri strumenti di supporto all’elaborazione delle propria strategia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Per quanto riguarda le accortezze da adottare per fare un trading consapevole con le penny stock OTC, esse non differiscono da quelle richieste per operare con qualsiasi altro investimento, ma bisogna imporsi ancor maggior rigore nell’elaborare le proprie strategie.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Innanzitutto, quando ci si imbatte in un titolo penny occorre analizzare la società emittente.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Una rapida ricerca su google ed un’attenta analisi dell’andamento della gestione e del titolo, del livello d’indebitamento e dell’attività svolta è il minimo da fare. Evitare in primis le aziende che sono a rischio bancarotta, che non hanno un sito costantemente aggiornato e che operano, salvo che si tratti di società di nicchia, in settori in via d’estinzione, è cosa ovvia, ma va ricordato.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Capita addirittura sui principali listini di non leggere “società in liquidazione” accanto al nome di un titolo quotato perché si va spediti sui grafici dando per scontato tutto il resto, figurarsi al di fuori dalle borse regolamentate quante volte potrebbe accadere di prendere cantonate di questo tipo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evitare poi di dare credito ad informazioni provenienti da finti giornali finanziari o da blog che non indicano nemmeno chi sia l’autore del post e, in generale, rispettare le regole basilari per individuare correttamente le fonti online è fondamentale.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dovrebbe essere una norma comportamentale essenziale e scontata per chi usa il web per informarsi (e informare), ma non lo è per tanti che condividono e leggono articoli e post che dicono esclusivamente ciò che gli fa piacere sentirsi dire, figurarsi per chi opera in titoli per i quali spesso non vi sono dati essenziali per cercare di individuare potenziali aree di supporto e resistenza e punti di rottura (punti pivot) come possa essere facile cadere in queste trappole pur di appigliarsi a dei valori per lavorare.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Individuate le penny stock, bisogna studiarne la volatilità dei prezzi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sia per limitare il rischio e puntare a guadagnare nel breve periodo, sia per evitare di congelare liquidità su un titolo che non si muove quasi per nulla, studiare i movimenti al rialzo e al ribasso è fondamentale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Come fondamentale è osservarne i volumi di trading.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La liquidità, come la volatilità, è determinante per decidere se può essere conveniente o meno investire su un’azione.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Volumi importanti denotano un interesse diffuso su un titolo: se si decide di venderlo è più facile riuscirci rispetto a titoli che non sono oggetto di grossi scambi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Non va sottovalutato, ancora, l’impatto che può avere sul movimento di un titolo un “catalizzatore”, vale a dire un evento, un annuncio aziendale, uno scandalo giornalistico o giudiziario, etc.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Come non va dimenticato che un trader deve sempre adottare strategie di “money management”, evitando di investire tutto il capitale disponibile in una sola operazione, a maggior ragione con le penny stock, dove paradossalmente la volatilità dei prezzi potrebbe spingere a dimenticarsene.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tutte regole figlie del buon senso e dell’analisi del mondo finanziario, alle quali aggiungo anche quella della scelta del broker ottimale, cosa, in realtà, alquanto complicata per operare con questi strumenti.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Le penny stock, ricordiamolo, non sono soggette ad una vera e propria regolamentazione di dettaglio da parte di enti ed organi pubblici, salvo quanto vedremo di seguito, ed è preferibile ricorrere a piattaforme di trading certificate, meglio se sottoposte alle regole MIFID e ai controlli, ad esempio, di CONSOB, CySEC, FCA e, in generale, di una commissione di vigilanza dei mercati.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ricordiamo che un broker che ottiene la licenza di operare nel mercato di riferimento e nel Paese dove vuole distribuire i suoi servizi da una commissione di vigilanza è definito regolamentato.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;E la regolamentazione certifica che la piattaforma di trading è sicura (“certificata”).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/940936208436389746/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/06/penny-stock-perche-investirci.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/940936208436389746'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/940936208436389746'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/06/penny-stock-perche-investirci.html' title='Penny Stock: perché investirci?'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj8DviE-IfGPCdRzGt8wSX-flVUb-RCPqMVlQV9_mVYRXZkuISS6tjHshdLvSahR-4R4Q7F4rVTXTMvXJNfWcsj5Q_VMYQ7oW1jv2epLD0cEXk7dXQprUC-P1qoHzXFKASSSdC9-9OxMtoe/s72-c/trading-643723_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-2578445561209993773</id><published>2020-06-06T09:46:00.011+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:28:31.234+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="azioni"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="informazione. asimmetrie informative"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny Stock: di cosa tener conto prima di prenderle in considerazione</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0WYTVglLQYOtWOZ7LLikfAp3kQ73q3FPf0-6wzEILoouC_Pbp8Pa4KBMpF_FEtO4txZh2UZYgc7tswrgYS3Taz3AnBZwyrQAa5NaluUyr45ls5314jpwxIYRBUfiNUrreBEAdpa0oKWms/s640/open-book-1428428_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;480&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0WYTVglLQYOtWOZ7LLikfAp3kQ73q3FPf0-6wzEILoouC_Pbp8Pa4KBMpF_FEtO4txZh2UZYgc7tswrgYS3Taz3AnBZwyrQAa5NaluUyr45ls5314jpwxIYRBUfiNUrreBEAdpa0oKWms/s320/open-book-1428428_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano_16.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Fatte le dovute premesse&lt;/a&gt;, prima di tuffarsi in tale comparto azionario è utile ricordare che:&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- le penny stock sono più rischiose delle azioni ordinarie a causa dei prezzi più contenuti e della loro maggiore volatilità. Sono dunque investimenti molto &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2017/09/la-speculazione-finanziaria.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;speculativi&lt;/a&gt;, che possono rivelarsi anche profittevoli, ma adatti a trader che sono soliti adottare la loro strategia solo dopo un’attenta riflessione sulla compatibilità di uno strumento finanziario con i propri livelli di rischio sostenibile;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- il mercato delle penny stock offre meno liquidità delle borse valori e ciò implica che ogni acquisto o vendita può determinare un forte scostamento dei prezzi. Ma i bassi volumi di negoziazione che si traducono in liquidità contenuta può comportare anche che non si riescano a vendere le azioni detenute nel proprio portafoglio;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- le aziende emittenti penny stock hanno una bassa capitalizzazione di mercato, motivo per il quale le azioni (stock) risultano poco attraenti per i grossi investitori istituzionali e il loro prezzo è molto basso;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- sulle penny stock, abbiamo detto, ci sono poche informazioni disponibili. Diventa dunque complicato assumere decisioni di investimento, ma è complesso anche elaborarne qualcuna. Se l’emittente è obbligato a produrre i documenti contabili ordinari e qualche prospetto finanziario periodicamente alla commissione di vigilanza dei mercati del paese di appartenenza o di quello dove sono negoziate le sue azioni, è comunque difficilissimo recuperare relazioni e analisi tecniche e spesso gran parte di quelle disponibili sono diffuse da fonti poco attendibili;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;- le quotazioni delle penny stock abbiamo già detto che possono essere molto volatili. Giusto aggiungere che le oscillazioni dei prezzi possono essere anche molto estreme e registrarsi in breve tempo, addirittura su base quotidiana;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- il mercato delle penny stock, per la contenuta liquidità e la mancanza di informazioni cui ho accennato, può essere manipolato, soprattutto mediante piattaforme mediatiche quali blog, social network, pseudogiornali, chatroom, newsletter e canali video;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;- molte penny stock non hanno storicità, specie se si tratta di emissioni di società di recente costituzione. Certo, che la storia si ripeta è più un modo di dire che la realtà, e quelle rare volte che accade il modo di manifestarsi di un fenomeno può differire tantissimo dal passato, ma già è complicato costruirsi dei segnali di trading con le azioni che hanno uno storico, figurarsi con queste. (continua)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/2578445561209993773/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/06/penny-stock-di-cosa-tener-conto-prima.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2578445561209993773'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2578445561209993773'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/06/penny-stock-di-cosa-tener-conto-prima.html' title='Penny Stock: di cosa tener conto prima di prenderle in considerazione'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0WYTVglLQYOtWOZ7LLikfAp3kQ73q3FPf0-6wzEILoouC_Pbp8Pa4KBMpF_FEtO4txZh2UZYgc7tswrgYS3Taz3AnBZwyrQAa5NaluUyr45ls5314jpwxIYRBUfiNUrreBEAdpa0oKWms/s72-c/open-book-1428428_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-2673596267257419732</id><published>2020-05-16T09:40:00.009+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:56:20.906+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="azioni"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny Stock: cosa sono e come funzionano (parte 2°)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7k93j8fQG6sAahzOZ4RZjuPAui7YF7P5u8-YitYDs6hrnozjqJgtZRcM3dFSSjg8O78-ZqW18AIaNwBLPb7IJOMux8wVzGCNfPvFHKgXw-HsQKTo4yxroeSTKLki8lcuAIVnIqCeaaatV/s640/graph-3078546_640.png&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;303&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7k93j8fQG6sAahzOZ4RZjuPAui7YF7P5u8-YitYDs6hrnozjqJgtZRcM3dFSSjg8O78-ZqW18AIaNwBLPb7IJOMux8wVzGCNfPvFHKgXw-HsQKTo4yxroeSTKLki8lcuAIVnIqCeaaatV/s320/graph-3078546_640.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Introducendo le penny stock&lt;/a&gt; ho accennato ai mercati over the counter: non deve trarre&amp;nbsp;in inganno, tuttavia, l’utilizzo dell’espressione “mercati non regolamentati”. &lt;br /&gt;Se tendenzialmente le penny stock non quotate su una borsa valori sono molto più rischiose delle altre, anche i mercati over the counter (OTC) sono soggetti a vigilanza, per quanto più contenuta.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sono soprattutto OTC, inoltre, i due mercati più liquidi al mondo, vale il &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/12/valute-e-mercato-dei-cambi-cose-il-forex.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;mercato dei cambi&lt;/a&gt; (oltre il 75% del Forex viene negoziato over the counter) e quello dei &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/03/i-derivati-finanziari.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;derivati&lt;/a&gt; (la parte di questo che transita sulle piazze regolamentate è minima).&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Si tratta di due mercati dove ogni giorno transitano volumi pari a quasi venti volte il Pil mondiale, capaci di generare una liquidità tale da mantenere in piedi il sistema finanziario anche nei periodi più bui dell’economia globale.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il problema delle penny stock, in realtà, risiede proprio nella bassa liquidità che in media esse generano.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;I volumi degli scambi quotidiani non sempre consentono un livello di negoziazione ottimale come sovente accade sulle principali piazze mondiali, con le dovute eccezioni che si possono riscontrare su alcuni titoli e segmenti di queste.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;La minore partecipazione di grossi investitori istituzionali, inoltre, comporta che circolino meno informazioni sui titoli e, a volte, sulle stesse società emittenti e così diventa anche difficile adottare decisioni di trading solide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Investire in penny stock potrebbe dunque rivelarsi molto rischioso, ma anche conveniente se il trader comprende appieno i rischi cui va incontro. E per riuscirci non può ignorare quanto accennato e ciò che andremo ad approfondire di seguito.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/2673596267257419732/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano_16.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2673596267257419732'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2673596267257419732'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano_16.html' title='Penny Stock: cosa sono e come funzionano (parte 2°)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh7k93j8fQG6sAahzOZ4RZjuPAui7YF7P5u8-YitYDs6hrnozjqJgtZRcM3dFSSjg8O78-ZqW18AIaNwBLPb7IJOMux8wVzGCNfPvFHKgXw-HsQKTo4yxroeSTKLki8lcuAIVnIqCeaaatV/s72-c/graph-3078546_640.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8804637498404222805</id><published>2020-05-02T09:24:00.008+02:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:56:30.942+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="azioni"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="mercati finanziari"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="over the counter"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="penny stock"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="trading"/><title type='text'>Penny Stock: cosa sono e come funzionano</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkoyObbB3q5e4FYoQaH_12JnDjUEltmD887NfCHZLr3arZmQ-QQudxUe0hc86Eu7yhl0t8TSOx7FoGTBZtgYvY3ZBlUxaef3g6iGi1s84HOrNhvF7qIKrEVTLEnpo7TfpYogl3sDRgAxuQ/s640/coins-1277095_640.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;428&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkoyObbB3q5e4FYoQaH_12JnDjUEltmD887NfCHZLr3arZmQ-QQudxUe0hc86Eu7yhl0t8TSOx7FoGTBZtgYvY3ZBlUxaef3g6iGi1s84HOrNhvF7qIKrEVTLEnpo7TfpYogl3sDRgAxuQ/s320/coins-1277095_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Misterioso oggetto del desiderio sia per investitori alle prime armi che per quelli che hanno già una discreta conoscenza del mondo degli investimenti ed esperienza nel trading, solo o esclusivamente un grande bluff per tanti altri, le penny stock rappresentano, relativamente, una grande novità nel panorama italiano, una tipologia di investimento rischioso e spesso molto speculativo, dove i rischi di trading sembrano più elevati del solito. E non solo per le strategie di “pompaggio” cui ho accennato nella prefazione di &lt;b&gt;Penny Stock: il trading (im)possibile &lt;/b&gt;disponibile &lt;a href=&quot;https://leggi.amazon.it/kp/embed?asin=B08T6D4ZX4&amp;amp;preview=newtab&amp;amp;linkCode=kpe&amp;amp;ref_=cm_sw_r_kb_dp_gDubGbJ0724YN&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;qui&lt;/a&gt; e ben rappresentate nel noto film di Scorsese con protagonista DiCaprio nei panni del “Lupo di Wall Street”.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ma cosa sono le penny stock?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;Alla domanda spesso demonizzatori e adulatori di questa tipologia di investimento non riescono a dare una risposta univoca, figuriamoci dunque esaustiva.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In realtà, le penny stock altro non sono che le &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/04/le-quote-di-partecipazione-le-azioni.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;azioni&lt;/a&gt; comuni di piccole aziende quotate fuori dai listini principali, anche se spesso alcune di esse possono trovarsi anche sui &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/03/mercati-finanziari-la-suddivisione.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;mercati regolamentati&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Azioni che hanno un valore nominale molto basso, nell’ordine dei centesimi, e che non vanno confuse con le azioni microcap come sovente accade.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Con queste ultime ci si riferisce, infatti, ai titoli di società che hanno una capitalizzazione contenuta, tra i 50 e i 300 milioni di euro, mentre le penny si identificano innanzitutto sulla base del loro prezzo.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Il penny è, infatti, la moneta più piccola circolante nel Regno Unito e negli USA tali azioni vengono chiamate anche cent stock.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Le Security and Exchange Commission (SEC), l’equivalente statunitense della nostra Consob, definisce penny stock come titolo scambiato al di sotto dei 5 $, non presente nel listino di una borsa nazionale e che difetta di alcuni specifici requisiti richiesti per essere negoziato sulle principali &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/03/i-mercati-finanziari-qualche-nozione-di.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;piazze finanziarie&lt;/a&gt;.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Nel Regno Unito con lo stesso termine si indicano le azioni scambiate ad un prezzo inferiore ad una sterlina.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gli investitori, invece, chiamano penny stock tutte le azioni che hanno un prezzo molto basso, intorno al centesimo. (continua)&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8804637498404222805/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8804637498404222805'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8804637498404222805'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/05/penny-stock-cosa-sono-e-come-funzionano.html' title='Penny Stock: cosa sono e come funzionano'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgkoyObbB3q5e4FYoQaH_12JnDjUEltmD887NfCHZLr3arZmQ-QQudxUe0hc86Eu7yhl0t8TSOx7FoGTBZtgYvY3ZBlUxaef3g6iGi1s84HOrNhvF7qIKrEVTLEnpo7TfpYogl3sDRgAxuQ/s72-c/coins-1277095_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8235794803170915958</id><published>2020-04-28T20:12:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2020-04-28T20:31:19.214+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="covid-19"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito pubblico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito sovrano"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="patrimoniale"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><title type='text'>Debito e governo tecnico: c&#39;è una patrimoniale dietro l&#39;angolo?</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0X21o5tA0Hyc2adYBvoyWDIFVc7y7TrPkteFBpZdCIjX1TYLTl2JGc3y_2epX0srbWRJ47uqn1rSBh5OgRl0NUg5EDqM2GofAW1ygGRGumnAjvNtUPPE7L9nvtD4SThhe_3nt1j9YKOqg/s1600/personal-791363_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0X21o5tA0Hyc2adYBvoyWDIFVc7y7TrPkteFBpZdCIjX1TYLTl2JGc3y_2epX0srbWRJ47uqn1rSBh5OgRl0NUg5EDqM2GofAW1ygGRGumnAjvNtUPPE7L9nvtD4SThhe_3nt1j9YKOqg/s320/personal-791363_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Nella rilevazione di Bankitalia relativa al mese di febbraio 2020 il debito pubblico italiano ha fatto registrare ancora una crescita, toccando quota 2.447 miliardi di euro rispetto ai circa 2.444 miliardi del mese precedente.&lt;br /&gt;
A fine 2019 il debito pubblico italiano era pari a poco meno di 2.409 miliardi, 38 miliardi in più rispetto al dato rilevato al 31 dicembre 2018 (2.381 miliardi) ma comunque lontano dal massimo storico registrato a luglio 2019 (2.467 miliardi).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
In termini di rapporto debito/PIL siamo intorno al 140% e la situazione attuale e nell’immediato futuro, con la pandemia di &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-mes-e-coronavirus-la.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;covid-19&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/b&gt;in corso, non può che tragicamente peggiorare, bruciando anche l’effetto positivo dovuto al calo degli interessi che si sta registrando, più o meno costantemente, dal 2015.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
E a proposito di interessi sul debito, lo scorso anno questi hanno raggiunto il 3,4% del PIL (dal 3,7% dell’anno precedente), mentre l’avanzo primario l’1,7% (dall&#39;1,5%): una crescita evidentemente insufficiente anche a coprire i soli interessi.&lt;br /&gt;
Scenario, quest’ultimo, già da solo in grado di evidenziare quanto possa essere praticamente impossibile in futuro generare ricchezza aggiuntiva per abbattere il &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2016/07/storia-del-debito-pubblico-italiano-il.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;debito pubblico&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (che non è altro che l’anticipo di redditi futuri) attraverso la tassazione.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Da un paio di anni, inoltre, qualche ex ministro e leader di partito, in passato erettosi a strenuo difensore del risparmio degli italiani, parla di interventi straordinari per cercare di riportare il debito pubblico a livelli più adeguati tirando in ballo una possibile patrimoniale, magari ridefinendola con un nome diverso.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Di fatto ci sono circa 1.500 miliardi di euro parcheggiati sui conti correnti dagli italiani ed è un tesoretto che potrebbe ingolosire molti.&lt;br /&gt;
Il mondo della politica ha finora escluso tale scenario, ma spesso il lavoro sporco lo si fa fare ad un tecnico, magari che goda anche di una certa autorevolezza in campo internazionale.&lt;br /&gt;
Sfumata lo scorso agosto tale prospettiva, sarà l’&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/04/emergenza-coronavirus-gia-34-milioni-le.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;emergenza covid-19&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; a dare il la ad un governo di tecnici e ad un provvedimento di questo tipo?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8235794803170915958/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/04/debito-e-governo-tecnico-ce-una.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8235794803170915958'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8235794803170915958'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/04/debito-e-governo-tecnico-ce-una.html' title='Debito e governo tecnico: c&#39;è una patrimoniale dietro l&#39;angolo?'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj0X21o5tA0Hyc2adYBvoyWDIFVc7y7TrPkteFBpZdCIjX1TYLTl2JGc3y_2epX0srbWRJ47uqn1rSBh5OgRl0NUg5EDqM2GofAW1ygGRGumnAjvNtUPPE7L9nvtD4SThhe_3nt1j9YKOqg/s72-c/personal-791363_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-7790426187405068232</id><published>2020-04-21T16:31:00.000+02:00</published><updated>2020-04-21T22:38:01.103+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="coronavirus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="covid-19"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crisi economica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="famiglie italiane"/><title type='text'>Emergenza coronavirus: già 3,4 milioni le famiglie italiane che hanno perso più della metà delle entrate. Oltre un milione quelle a reddito zero</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiOCWEg61RhDtMJiQRyWHs-i-ThrHQhQA0JwPgYp8I2qL_mbx2WVAG4H5oBvMr8wTfd5dYGZtlzjorl3oa9Bx6817QHPq15ewlfDoDVkvlH2zFhBStdgu1ANXk_2lQQ5_wvTKR0LKq0z-N/s1600/bust-2794420_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;336&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiOCWEg61RhDtMJiQRyWHs-i-ThrHQhQA0JwPgYp8I2qL_mbx2WVAG4H5oBvMr8wTfd5dYGZtlzjorl3oa9Bx6817QHPq15ewlfDoDVkvlH2zFhBStdgu1ANXk_2lQQ5_wvTKR0LKq0z-N/s320/bust-2794420_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
L’emergenza coronavirus ha costretto milioni di italiani a blindarsi in casa e le ripercussioni, già drammatiche sul piano sociale, non si sono fatte attendere anche dal punto di vista economico.&lt;br /&gt;
Da un’indagine condotta da &lt;i&gt;mUp Research &lt;/i&gt;e &lt;i&gt;Norsta &lt;/i&gt;per conto di &lt;b&gt;Facile.it &lt;/b&gt;su un campione di quasi 18,5 milioni di famiglie italiane, 10.800.000 (il 58,6%) ha dichiarato di aver registrato un calo del proprio reddito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Di esse, nello specifico, il 12,1% (più di 2.200.000) ha dichiarato di aver perso più del 50% del reddito familiare e il 6,4% di aver visto svanire la totalità delle entrate.&lt;br /&gt;
Stiamo parlando, quindi, di &lt;b&gt;3,4 milioni di famiglie che hanno visto più che dimezzare le proprie entrate,&lt;/b&gt; con &lt;b&gt;quasi 1.180.000 precipitate in una condizione di “reddito zero”&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Dal punto di vista territoriale il calo dei redditi ha interessato l’Italia tutta, con picchi al Sud e nelle isole.&lt;br /&gt;
Qui la perdita totale di entrate ha riguardato il 7,5% degli intervistati, mentre ammonta al 12,7% la percentuale di coloro che hanno visto i loro introiti più che dimezzarsi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Realtà e prospettive&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Il 19,4% di coloro che hanno partecipato all’indagine, vale a dire circa 3.586.000 famiglie, già si dichiara in una situazione di difficoltà economica, mentre il 38,7%, cioè 7.148.000 famiglie, pur non reputandosi in questo momento in difficoltà, stima che ci si troverà a breve se la situazione non registrerà miglioramenti.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Anche in questo caso la situazione sembra più difficile nel Mezzogiorno, dove le famiglie che hanno dichiarato di essere già ora in difficoltà economiche ammontano al 23%.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Sono, invece, concentrate soprattutto nel Nord-Ovest del Paese le famiglie che hanno dichiarato di potersi trovare a breve in difficoltà se non miglioreranno le cose (45,4%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;La drammatica situazione di professionisti, autonomi e PMI.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La ricerca evidenzia, inoltre, come la crisi innescata dalla pandemia abbia colpito in modo a dir poco drastico liberi professionisti, piccole e medie imprese e autonomi.&lt;br /&gt;
Il 23,6% di questi ha infatti dichiarato una riduzione del 50% del reddito familiare e il 12,1% di aver addirittura perso la totalità delle entrate.&lt;br /&gt;
La percentuale di coloro appartenenti a queste categorie che ha visto sparire l’intero reddito è quasi il doppio rispetto alla media nazionale (quel 6,4% già indicato in precedenza) e tripla in confronto a coloro assunti come dipendenti (3,8%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Il 23% degli autonomi ha inoltre dichiarato di essere già oggi in difficoltà economica e il 52%, rispetto ad una media nazionale del 38,7%, ha ammesso che ci si potrebbe trovare a breve se le cose non miglioreranno.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Gli aiuti di Stato più richiesti e quelli ritenuti più utili.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Per fronteggiare le difficoltà, il 13,1% delle famiglie intervistate (2.400.000) ha dichiarato di aver fatto ricorso ad una o più misure introdotte dai decreti del Governo. &lt;br /&gt;
Nell’ambito degli interventi per i quali hanno potuto optare per aderirvi o meno, lo strumento più utilizzato è stato il &lt;b&gt;bonus da 600 euro per autonomi e partite Iva&lt;/b&gt; (48,7% di chi ha fatto ricorso agli aiuti di Stato), seguito (13,2%) dal &lt;b&gt;prolungamento della validità della Rc auto o moto e dell’obbligo di revisione&lt;/b&gt; e (9,8%) dalla &lt;b&gt;possibilità di sospendere le rate del mutuo&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per quanto riguarda gli interventi ritenuti più utili, primeggia (58,2%) il &lt;b&gt;divieto di licenziamenti e l’ampliamento della cassa integrazione&lt;/b&gt;, seguito (47,5%) dal &lt;b&gt;bonus di 600 euro per autonomi e partite Iva&lt;/b&gt;, dalla &lt;b&gt;possibilità di sospendere le rate del mutuo &lt;/b&gt;(39,2%) e dall’i&lt;b&gt;stituzione del fondo di garanzia per i prestiti alle imprese&lt;/b&gt; (29,7%).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Gli interventi fai da te.&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Infine, il 53% delle famiglie intervistate ha dichiarato di aver adottato (e/o di essere intenzionato a farlo) misure specifiche per fronteggiare l’attuale momento economico.&lt;br /&gt;
Il 28% degli intervistati, 5.269.000 famiglie, ha dichiarato di aver attinto ai &lt;b&gt;propri risparmi&lt;/b&gt;, il 21,8% che sta cercando di &lt;b&gt;ridurre le spese legate al cibo&lt;/b&gt; e il 16,6% di essersi impegnato a &lt;b&gt;ridurre i costi delle principali voci di spesa domestiche&lt;/b&gt; risparmiando, ad esempio, sulle utenze di luce e gas e sulle tariffe di telefonia mobile o fissa.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Solo il 2,2% delle famiglie, per ora, ha chiesto un prestito, percentuale che tuttavia arriva al 4,4% per quelle dei lavoratori autonomi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/7790426187405068232/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/04/emergenza-coronavirus-gia-34-milioni-le.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7790426187405068232'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7790426187405068232'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/04/emergenza-coronavirus-gia-34-milioni-le.html' title='Emergenza coronavirus: già 3,4 milioni le famiglie italiane che hanno perso più della metà delle entrate. Oltre un milione quelle a reddito zero'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjiOCWEg61RhDtMJiQRyWHs-i-ThrHQhQA0JwPgYp8I2qL_mbx2WVAG4H5oBvMr8wTfd5dYGZtlzjorl3oa9Bx6817QHPq15ewlfDoDVkvlH2zFhBStdgu1ANXk_2lQQ5_wvTKR0LKq0z-N/s72-c/bust-2794420_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-7798223511377281008</id><published>2020-03-25T22:06:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:41:02.730+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bce"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="coronavirus"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="covid-19"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito pubblico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eurogruppo"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fondo salva Stati"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><title type='text'>Fondo salva-Stati: MES e coronavirus, la soluzione che non accontenta nessuno</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBNSh5Awhip37Tvx8LgFKhfElJ18oF4Pxs5xwEfL61kSvDqPqa71OCmOueuQ80LuvOFGqUuXeP6VhVrjmjKJCgrKicRUeuKhhBK6dVhkZpDgVePWuekSTqsajZoPr7Z9cfxKvM-U08_7U/s1600/ecb-197239_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBNSh5Awhip37Tvx8LgFKhfElJ18oF4Pxs5xwEfL61kSvDqPqa71OCmOueuQ80LuvOFGqUuXeP6VhVrjmjKJCgrKicRUeuKhhBK6dVhkZpDgVePWuekSTqsajZoPr7Z9cfxKvM-U08_7U/s320/ecb-197239_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;Il dibattito sul MES non conosce tregua e, dopo due anni di incontri-scontri in ambito UE, anche il coronavirus diventa motivo di battaglia su questo fondo salva-Stati.&lt;br /&gt;D’altronde potrebbe essere uno degli strumenti da impiegare per fronteggiare l’emergenza sanitaria (e sociale) legata alla diffusione del covid-19, ma per ora, come per gli Eurobond, sembra di assistere soltanto a soluzioni accennate o parziali.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Intanto la vera svolta finora è stata la Bce che, tra questo mese e dicembre, acquisterà un quantitativo addizionale di titoli di Stato pari al 4,5% del Pil.&lt;br /&gt;La Banca centrale europea, come stabilito dal Trattato Ue, non può infatti finanziare direttamente i Paesi membri, ma può acquistare i titoli di Stato sul mercato secondario.&lt;br /&gt;Ciò implica che per poter ottenere il sostegno dei programmi della Bce messi in piedi per fronteggiare la recessione da pandemia covid-19 i singoli Stati devono accedere al mercato emettendo titoli pubblici.&lt;br /&gt;Gli acquisti della Bce stanno consentendo ai Paesi più indebitati di finanziare la loro economia in deficit senza vedere schizzare gli spread, ma occorre ben altro per fronteggiare la situazione attuale e spingere per una ripresa futura.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Nonostante il mancato raggiungimento di un accordo, l’Eurogruppo ha dichiarato “ampio sostegno” ad un programma di aiuti per la crisi da pandemia nell’ambito del &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, facendo riferimento ad una delle due principali linee di credito del Fondo salva-Stati, la Eccl (Enhanced conditions credit line), attivabile a patto che il membro richiedente sottoscriva un memorandum d’intesa impegnandosi ad adottare tutta una serie di misure restrittive per rimettere in riga i propri conti.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Il presidente dell’Eurogruppo Mario Centeno ha utilizzato proprio l’espressione “ampio sostegno”, evidenziando dunque che, come per gli Eurobond e i coronavirus o covid bond, anche su questa strada non c’è l’unanimità tra i ministri delle Finanze, e quindi tra gli Stati, dell’Ue.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;D’altra parte l’eterna contrapposizione tra l’&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-chi-sono-i-veri.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;asse nord-europeo&lt;/a&gt; e l’area mediterranea in fatto di finanziamenti ha assunto toni molto aspri agli inizi della pandemia e sarebbe molto più sensato spingere in via eccezionale per la soluzione che potrebbe mettere tutti d’accordo, la più sensata in situazioni drammatiche come questa in corso: denaro non preso in prestito da rimborsare, ma a fondo perduto.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La più sensata perché non intaccherebbe le risorse dei fondi europei, timore dei Paesi membri più avversi all’utilizzo degli stessi in quanto considerati irrisori (gran parte delle somme dichiarate ancora non sono state del tutto versate), e non esporrebbe ad un attacco speculativo sul debito sovrano quelli più in difficoltà come invece un prestito irrimediabilmente farebbe.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Una soluzione che però sembrerebbe essere stata definitivamente scartata, lasciando ampio spazio a soluzioni che sanciranno un forte legame tra salute pubblica e mercati finanziari.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/7798223511377281008/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-mes-e-coronavirus-la.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7798223511377281008'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/7798223511377281008'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-mes-e-coronavirus-la.html' title='Fondo salva-Stati: MES e coronavirus, la soluzione che non accontenta nessuno'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKBNSh5Awhip37Tvx8LgFKhfElJ18oF4Pxs5xwEfL61kSvDqPqa71OCmOueuQ80LuvOFGqUuXeP6VhVrjmjKJCgrKicRUeuKhhBK6dVhkZpDgVePWuekSTqsajZoPr7Z9cfxKvM-U08_7U/s72-c/ecb-197239_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-716106243823569855</id><published>2020-03-13T16:09:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2020-04-14T22:47:07.314+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bce"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Eurozona"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fondo salva Stati"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="leverage"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ristrutturazione del debito"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="titoli di Stato"/><title type='text'>Fondo salva-Stati: chi sono i veri nemici del MES e quali le critiche principali</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivt1z1MATG695j1krGOeL90uDeO5KUvEHbdEsddQBIfBF41nw_zsrd5dlXsBovBGtd_nGtSzJuK23xwzohz0wI40DorFpzIlO_gTQFlRb7NdyXALmkcVjri5HfbnuTq1L_kpqn1yS_pUJm/s1600/scandinavia-60524_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;548&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;274&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivt1z1MATG695j1krGOeL90uDeO5KUvEHbdEsddQBIfBF41nw_zsrd5dlXsBovBGtd_nGtSzJuK23xwzohz0wI40DorFpzIlO_gTQFlRb7NdyXALmkcVjri5HfbnuTq1L_kpqn1yS_pUJm/s320/scandinavia-60524_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Argomento dibattuto da tanto e ritornato veementemente al centro della cronaca proprio in piena pandemia coronavirus, il MES e la sua riforma sembrano ormai occupare molto più spazio di quanto ci si sarebbe immaginato, soprattutto per la specificità della materie e la necessaria razionalizzazione dei fondi europei istituiti per allontanare lo spettro default e il rischio contagio nell’eurozona.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le polemiche sul tema hanno assunto toni a tratti anche aspri e spesso fuorvianti, quasi a capovolgere gli originari assi pro e contro il fondo salva-Stati messo in campo in piena recessione mondiale nel 2012, durante la fase più cruenta della crisi dei debiti sovrani.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Chi l’ha voluta e votata senza battere ciglio oggi si erge infatti a baluardo dei detrattori della stessa e fiero oppositore dell’UE tutta, come sovente accade in questi anni dove, complice la difficoltà dei cittadini a storicizzare gli eventi e il sopravvento delle urla e della narrazione sulla realtà, chi ha adottato dei provvedimenti li demonizza quando non è più alla guida delle istitutzioni, mentre chi all’epoca era all’opposizione e magari ha sollevato anche qualche critica si ritrova a gestirne poi le conseguenze diventandone il più strenuo difensore.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Al di là di questo trend di fondo che inquina non poco la comprensione degli eventi e dei fenomeni, quali sono i Paesi avversi fin dalle origini al MES e le criticità principali sollevate dagli stessi?&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Gli Stati membri dell’Unione che non accettano il &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità&lt;/a&gt; &lt;/b&gt;come istituito fin dalle origine sono quelli del &lt;b&gt;Nord Europa&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Sono quei Paesi il cui &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/09/sostenibilita-del-debito-pubblico-il.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;rapporto debito/Pil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; e il cui deficit sono molto contenuti e che non accettano di dover far fronte ai rischi elevati assunti dalle banche e dalle istituzioni di quelli che hanno dimostrato storicamente una gestione delle finanze più sbarazzina e spesso irresponsabile, a partire da quelli dell’Europa mediterranea, se non dopo un’immediata decurtazione del valore dei loro titoli del debito pubblico.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Per l’asse nord-europeo, in altre parole, le banche e le altre istituzioni finanziarie che hanno acquistato i titoli di Stato di un Paese in difficoltà finanziarie lo hanno fatto in quanto attratti dal potenziale maggior guadagno in termini di interessi offerto da questi rispetto ai titoli emessi dai Paesi con conti pubblici più solidi: lo hanno fatto, per l&#39;asse nord-europeo, principalmente per lucrare.&lt;br /&gt;
Di conseguenza, il MES dovrebbe intervenire soltanto dopo una rapida &lt;b&gt;ristrutturazione del debito&lt;/b&gt; del Paese a rischio default tagliando il valore dei suoi titoli (&lt;b&gt;&lt;i&gt;haircut&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;) fin da subito, perchè chi li ha acquistati è giusto che paghi le conseguenze del rischio assunto. &lt;br /&gt;
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Un ragionamento che, in generale, non fa una piega, sebbene spesso negli anni addietro gli istituti di credito hanno acquistato titoli di Stato anche per calmierare la speculazione sul Paese emittente e di concerto con le banche e le istituzioni centrali, ritrovandosene in portafoglio molti di più di quanti preventivati.&lt;br /&gt;
Di certi in termini legislativi o affini hanno ottenuto qualche contropartita, ma per finalità meramente speculative abbiamo visto aver ricorso a ben altro e non sempre in linea con i criteri prudenziali che avrebbero dovuto seguire (dopo averli adottati).&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un altro aspetto del MES che sembrerebbe favorire i Paesi meno virtuosi nella gestione delle finanze pubbliche è l’&lt;b&gt;assenza di un tetto massimo&lt;/b&gt;, deliberato da un organismo esterno, al cosiddetto leverage tra il capitale sociale autorizzato e l’esposizione debitoria verso gli Stati membri.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tale carenza non solo non incentiverebbe gli Stati meno attenti alle finanze pubbliche ad invertire il loro trend di fondo, ma non scongiurerebbe nemmeno il rischio che il fondo stesso, investito di compiti di pubblica utilità e dotato delle conseguenti immunità e garanzie di riservatezza, possa trasformarsi in un soggetto speculativo.&lt;br /&gt;
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Altra critica importante alla formula originaria del MES riguarda infine l’&lt;b&gt;assenza di garanzie reali &lt;/b&gt;a fronte degli impegni assunti dagli Stati beneficiari delle somme erogate sotto forma di aiuti.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
A differenza di altri fondi di stabilità (come ad esempio il Fondo Interbancario di Tutela dei Depositi), non è infatti previsto un vero accantonamento contabile, vale a dire il conferimento in proprietà o ipoteca di beni demaniali, o meglio di una loro definizione preventiva, per fronteggiare la mancata adozione degli aggiustamenti di bilancio da parte dei Paesi beneficiari: garanzie con cui, invece, gli stati potrebbero, quando richiesto dal MES, reperire in futuro la quota di loro competenza in tempi rapidi.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Le cirtiche originarie al MES sembrerebbero poco opinabili.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Oggi tuttavia le perplessità sul ricorso a questo strumento si sono notevolmente ampliate, sia perchè la specificità dell&#39;argomento e la scarsa conoscenza dello stesso lo rendono di facile impiego in un dibattito pubblico sempre più orientato alla mera strumentalizzazione delle questioni in termini puramente elettoralistici ed al conseguente appiattimento dei contenuti, vuoi perchè dovendo rappresentare l&#39;unico (o comunque il principale) strumento europeo di salvataggio si presterebbe ad un &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/02/fondo-salva-stati-cosa-cambierebbe-con.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;utilizzo molto più ampio di quello inizialmente previsto al punto di richiedere la rivisitazione di alcune regole di funzionamento&lt;/b&gt;,&lt;/a&gt; sia in quanto nel quadro odierno, caratterizzato sì da tassi bassi ma anche da rendimenti di pari livello o poco più elevati dei primi, diventerebbe particolarmente penalizzante il ricorso ad esso per somme molto più grandi di quelle che si prospettavano agli albori, al punto di mettere in discussione il concetto stesso di solidarietà.&lt;br /&gt;
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Interessante capire l&#39;evolversi della situazione al netto delle urla e dei proclami.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/716106243823569855/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-chi-sono-i-veri.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/716106243823569855'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/716106243823569855'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/03/fondo-salva-stati-chi-sono-i-veri.html' title='Fondo salva-Stati: chi sono i veri nemici del MES e quali le critiche principali'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEivt1z1MATG695j1krGOeL90uDeO5KUvEHbdEsddQBIfBF41nw_zsrd5dlXsBovBGtd_nGtSzJuK23xwzohz0wI40DorFpzIlO_gTQFlRb7NdyXALmkcVjri5HfbnuTq1L_kpqn1yS_pUJm/s72-c/scandinavia-60524_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-6312660548545104732</id><published>2020-02-15T18:24:00.001+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:40:16.714+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CACS"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito pubblico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fondo salva Stati"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="rischio insolvenza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="RSF"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione internazionale"/><title type='text'>Fondo salva-Stati: cosa cambierebbe con la riforma MES</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_f221IOIdbScft903SOvQ8U57gdJC-qmG1sR3xrfyEZ5TsRtOTwoRvP5KXReV946fMHGaOvj_daA-XLa4mgFTB6DqMgPC4Ki6fh5oOh1kPxcn1DtccXJPopTcI_5pjW7XmyuIvDeCM3Hf/s1600/parachute-63045_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;491&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;245&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_f221IOIdbScft903SOvQ8U57gdJC-qmG1sR3xrfyEZ5TsRtOTwoRvP5KXReV946fMHGaOvj_daA-XLa4mgFTB6DqMgPC4Ki6fh5oOh1kPxcn1DtccXJPopTcI_5pjW7XmyuIvDeCM3Hf/s320/parachute-63045_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
La riforma del Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità sta andando avanti da un paio di anni e non si è riusciti a chiuderla entro dicembre come da calendario dei lavori.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Già ai principi del 2018 l’Eurogruppo iniziò a proporre di utilizzare il &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;MES&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, adoperato durante la crisi dei debiti sovrani per calmierare la speculazione sulla Grecia e gli altri membri Ue che all’epoca hanno fatto richiesta di aiuti all’Unione, come fondo europeo unico da impiegare non soltanto nelle emergenze di rischio default ma anche come paracadute finale del fondo di risoluzione unico della banche (RSF), dotandolo così di nuove funzioni e nuovi poteri.&lt;br /&gt;
Con questa nuova funzione di &lt;b&gt;backstock&lt;/b&gt; esso verrebbe dotato di una linea di credito da 70 miliardi alla quale gli Stati potranno accedere qualora i loro fondi nazionali per le risoluzioni bancarie, costituiti con le risorse delle banche e non con fondi pubblici, non risultino sufficienti a scongiurare una crisi del sistema creditizio e a garantire investitori e risparmiatori.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Un&#39;altra novità riguarda l&#39;introduzione di &lt;b&gt;linee di credito precauzionali&lt;/b&gt; (molto più serie di quelle attuali in termini quantitativi) adoperabili nel caso la salute finanziaria di uno Stato membro venga messa a dura prova da uno shock economico ed esso voglia scongiurare il rischio fondato di precipitare nella morsa della speculazione sui mercati finanziari.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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Ma l’elemento di novità più importante riguarda il &lt;b&gt;rispetto del Patto di Stabilità&lt;/b&gt;: non sarà più necessario firmare un Memorandum come quello che sottoscrisse la Grecia e che stabiliva condizioni molto rigorose a fronte degli aiuti ricevuti, ma sarà sufficiente firmare una lettera d’intenti nella quale si assicurerà il rispetto dello stesso.&lt;br /&gt;
Ciò potrebbe rappresentare un problema per i Paesi con un alto livello di indebitamento (e con un’economia che non cresce a ritmo sostenuto), che per accedere ai fondi si ritroveranno a ridurre forzatamente il loro debito. &lt;br /&gt;
Al momento questo problema non riguarda l’Italia, in quanto una delle clausole per accedere ai fondi è quella di non avere squilibri macroeconomici eccessivi e il Belapese, con la Grecia e Cipro, è in realtà sotto monitoraggio UE da diverso tempo per essere nella lista dei Paesi che presentano invece tale situazione per il &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/09/vincolo-di-bilancio-disavanzo-e.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;debito che continua ad autoalimentarsi&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Tra le ulteriori novità si segnala, infine, quella più controversa, vale a dire la &lt;b&gt;riforma delle Clausole di Azione Collettiva&lt;/b&gt; (Cacs) nei casi di eventuali ristrutturazione del debito sovrano di un Paese membro. &lt;br /&gt;
Dal 2022, in poche parole, sarà più facile ottenere il via libera da parte degli azionisti per l’approvazione della ristrutturazione di un &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2016/06/il-debito-pubblico-italiano.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;debito sovrano&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, perché, dalle attuali procedure che prevedono una doppia maggioranza, si passerà ad una deliberazione a maggioranza unica.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/6312660548545104732/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/02/fondo-salva-stati-cosa-cambierebbe-con.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/6312660548545104732'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/6312660548545104732'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/02/fondo-salva-stati-cosa-cambierebbe-con.html' title='Fondo salva-Stati: cosa cambierebbe con la riforma MES'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj_f221IOIdbScft903SOvQ8U57gdJC-qmG1sR3xrfyEZ5TsRtOTwoRvP5KXReV946fMHGaOvj_daA-XLa4mgFTB6DqMgPC4Ki6fh5oOh1kPxcn1DtccXJPopTcI_5pjW7XmyuIvDeCM3Hf/s72-c/parachute-63045_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-915530373482535170</id><published>2020-01-19T17:32:00.032+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-12T18:01:37.353+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="investimenti"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tasso di rendimento"/><title type='text'>Valutazione degli investimenti finanziari</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU8Ox8_TDsm5PQkvAr1XZ5m-pMxju_EtmKxK6CzoO7lTqPrRIDCp4JZ_Q1CYAvQZCnBcI3FuLByoXWrr9rf8xyGvFKN5N7x8D0E2AnHEA8EpoLTlkV3b190Ljh6rj1UmYmA0m-B_XWnB97/s1280/analysis-1841158_1280.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;853&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1280&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU8Ox8_TDsm5PQkvAr1XZ5m-pMxju_EtmKxK6CzoO7lTqPrRIDCp4JZ_Q1CYAvQZCnBcI3FuLByoXWrr9rf8xyGvFKN5N7x8D0E2AnHEA8EpoLTlkV3b190Ljh6rj1UmYmA0m-B_XWnB97/s320/analysis-1841158_1280.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Uno degli oneri in capo al &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2017/11/il-consulente-finanziario.html&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;consulente finanziario&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; è quello di valutare se il grado di rischio e di rendimento di un investimento è coerente con il profilo e le esigenze del cliente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-d1ed7f9c-7fff-7dd7-adfc-583c280dab98&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono perciò messi a sua disposizione tutta una serie di &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per_11.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;strumenti &lt;/a&gt;per la valutazione degli investimenti, dagli indicatori sintetici pubblicati dalla stampa economica specializzata ai report resi disponibili dagli uffici studi delle Sim per cui opera, per il cui corretto utilizzo è necessario conoscere alcuni concetti di base.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tasso Interno di Rendimento (IRR)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il tasso interno di rendimento (internal rate of return - IRR) è quel tasso d’interesse che eguaglia la somma dei valori attuali dei pagamenti distribuiti in più periodi al valore (corrente) dell’attività da cui sono generati.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’individuazione analitica dell’IRR non è agevole e, di conseguenza, si ricorre spesso all’uso di approssimazioni successive per ottenere una soluzione attraverso un processo lineare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Dal punto di vista formale, l’equazione che consente di individuare il tasso interno di rendimento è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 83px; overflow: hidden; width: 217px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\sum_{t=0}^n\left(\frac{A_t}{\left(1+i\right)^t}\right)=0&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;∑&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;62.96905455849779&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/QZHfTYUrmDMsMzZB7aueTfJxVLDbWB4EVYAMFxRShmgmab_FsoKKmyZb5TPP3rN6peZfjtHAptXMRskCxakJ2DcolBQxdaKo3HeNPrnVPcj3WydSclWBRQjXnOEiJp-4fQT0P0Tx&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 13.85121254653592px; margin-top: 9.728808312210958px;&quot; title=&quot;the sum from t equals 0 to n of open paren the fraction with numerator A sub t and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the t-th power close paren equals 0&quot; width=&quot;186.01099646064367&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;dove:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Aₜ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;è il saldo tra entrate e uscite al tempo t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; è l’ultimo periodo in cui vi è un’entrata o un uscita.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Valutazione dei titoli a reddito fisso.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I titoli a reddito fisso sono quelli che garantiscono una data somma di denaro in quanto rappresentano un rapporto obbligatorio (di credito) tra emittenti e investitori.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I titoli obbligazionari (strumenti di mercato monetario, titoli di Stato e obbligazioni emesse da organismi privati) forniscono reddito in tre distinte forme:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;cedole periodiche;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;perdite o guadagni in conto capitale;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;interessi derivanti dal reinvestimento delle cedole.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2.1 Titoli zero coupon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono i titoli che non pagano cedole e che, dunque, prevedono un unico flusso di rimborso a scadenza (&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/08/i-bot-come-coprire-il-fabbisogno-di.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;BoT&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/06/i-certificati-del-tesoro-zero-coupon.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;CTz&lt;/a&gt;, ad esempio).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La determinazione del rendimento di un titolo zero coupon può essere basata sul regime di capitalizzazione semplice o composta.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendimento semplice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 81px; overflow: hidden; width: 393px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;RS=\ \left[\left(\frac{valore\ nom.}{valore\ acquisto}\right)-1\right]\cdot\frac{363}{gg},\ &amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;S&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;q&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;]&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;363&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;g&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;g&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;,&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;63.00260720238726&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/PrliCdkU3kO-3SxgsAtvm_p_T3-JRyphzZu4w3jxY92MrZghBKFq0sG6389wUeNvfuI8qtgrFRJv1JDHK7ye4LbCL3OsKH2XpOBRdOO7lZSkGTEPAeyU_i9lWAw_EZTG-dfqwFmB&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 12.999999999999998px; margin-top: 9.752304307320442px;&quot; title=&quot;R S equals open bracket open paren the fraction with numerator v a. l o r e n o m period and denominator v a. l o r e a. c q u i s t o close paren minus 1 close bracket times 363 over g of g comma&quot; width=&quot;365&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;dove con gg si indicano i giorni mancanti alla scadenza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendimento composto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 81px; overflow: hidden; width: 346px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;RC=\ \left[\left(\frac{valore\ nom.}{valore\ acquisto}\right)\right]^{\frac{363}{gg}}-1&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;[&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;m&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;v&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;l&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;r&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;e&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;c&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;q&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;u&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;o&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;]&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;363&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;g&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;g&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;63.037927465323214&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/e0VVDD31K3L-QQ6WywcIZEx22dGNgOgyvcePbC0N4Q19fa8saoi6nhiEsDtzyAu-vlBv4x_ZVLptpdWNV--jnZBOGApdfkK6CiPD5OYIH0gMx4W-uoyR-4ti59WR4-ta_9_LzwKo&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 15px; margin-top: 8.3787065967108px;&quot; title=&quot;R C equals open bracket open paren the fraction with numerator v a. l o r e n o m period and denominator v a. l o r e a. c q u i s t o close paren close bracket raised to the 363 over g of g power minus 1&quot; width=&quot;314&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2.2 Titoli con cedola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Per quanto esistano &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/05/obbligazioni-indicizzate-quali-parametri.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;emissioni a tasso indicizzato&lt;/a&gt;, per la valutazione di un titolo con cedole si considera, di solito, un titolo obbligazionario il cui tasso d’interesse si assume essere fisso e che può essere emesso alla pari (ad un prezzo coincidente con il suo valore nominale), sopra la pari o, caso più frequente, sotto la pari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I tre indicatori più utilizzati sono:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tasso di Rendimento Nominale (TRN)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il tasso di rendimento nominale (o “facciale”) di un titolo a reddito fisso con cedole è calcolato sulla base del valore nominale del titolo (VN), come rapporto tra il valore delle cedole corrisposte in un anno (CE) ed esso:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 67px; overflow: hidden; width: 152px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;TRN=\frac{CE}{VN}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;N&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;47.056171616685674&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/9J42W2IGe6vfiFdh3OLdMEHHBwZu1Dl4Ru33WDXVb9JUMtJeBGND8x9s0Jp-qkZLZfa6jDjvb5e1ejjiJGYbLifOXfLG5tyYVYv1jN4Nr35b4l4HTtZuSAxnG1_L4VesVLfzWpZN&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 11px; margin-top: 9.574629370311868px;&quot; title=&quot;T R N equals C E over V N&quot; width=&quot;124.99999999999999&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Non tenendo conto della differenza tra il prezzo nominale e quello realmente pagato per l’acquisto, delle frequenze con cui vengono pagate le cedole e della vita residua del titolo, il TRN risulta un indicatore poco significativo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tasso di Rendimento Immediato (TRI)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il TRI è il rapporto tra il valore delle cedole corrisposte in un anno e il valore capitale del titolo (al corso secco):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 72px; overflow: hidden; width: 139px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;TRI=\frac{CE}{VC}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;I&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;46.96261266152349&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/21jdMZ14g101oFWDsHvERjhGu1lPVlW0OewYVyFm3t4mNpz-ufWgEuReP21olU69N5uxkh_L4jxfdbpYuIZXq23uVSllP7Tog2jw0pMTt-vZJb6aU2NVDqAfUg1PZrAg4qrMgBlg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 10px; margin-top: 9.195879081840992px;&quot; title=&quot;T R I equals C E over V C&quot; width=&quot;112&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;E’ più significativo del TRN poiché considera il prezzo d’emissione dell’obbligazione, ma trascura anch’esso la frequenza con cui vengono pagate le cedole e la vita residua del titolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; text-decoration-line: underline; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tasso di Rendimento Effettivo a Scadenza (TRES)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il tasso di rendimento effettivo a scadenza (TRES o YTM - Yield To Maturity) consente di valutare la profittabilità di un titolo basandosi sul corso tel quel, sui flussi di capitale dati dalle cedole e sul loro ammontare, sulle condizioni di rimborso del capitale e su ogni altro fattore che possa influenzare il valore attuale dell’&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/05/i-titoli-obbligazionari-partecipare-in.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;obbligazione&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-99c58504-7fff-e6a6-01ff-d416199965bd&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Viene calcolato seguendo la stessa logica del tasso interno di rendimento sulla base &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;della seguente formula:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 84px; overflow: hidden; width: 239px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\mathrm{VA}=\sum_{\mathrm{t}=1}^T\frac{\mathrm{F}_{\mathrm{t}}}{(1+\mathrm{TRES})^{\mathrm{t}}}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;∑&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;F&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo stretchy=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;T&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;E&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;S&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo stretchy=&amp;quot;false&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi mathvariant=&amp;quot;normal&amp;quot;&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;62.015918075225756&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/kkR-HjBP2ufzGqQ-EsH7VXibM016MabQNG58h6l5NetfhOll972A4Q5oS0vEEP-PYn6nuvEygLjvQQeB9MLpjzCWFmfgGbr4Qg6f11yEK0ga7H106CQJM3RFyYwLyi_JacGOTuBx&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 13px; margin-top: 9.874534568365092px;&quot; title=&quot;normal V normal A equals the sum from normal t equals 1 to T of the fraction with numerator normal F sub normal t and denominator open paren 1 plus normal T normal R normal E normal S close paren to the normal t-th power&quot; width=&quot;211&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;dove:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;VA rappresenta il valore attuale del titolo (ossia il corso tel quel), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;T la scadenza,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;F i flussi periodici che vengono corrisposti al possessore.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il corso tel quel tiene in considerazione, oltre al valore capitale, anche la ratio degli interessi maturati fino a quel periodo, considerando quindi, in ogni momento, il prezzo d’acquisto del titolo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il presenza di titoli con cedola, il corso secco e il tel quel coincidono al momento della scadenza della cedola (o meglio, appena essa è scaduta), mentre negli altri casi, di norma, il corso tel quel supera il corso secco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;corso tel quel = corso secco + rateo di cedola (quota già maturata).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Nel caso di titolo sprovvisto di cedola (privata prima della scadenza) si parla invece di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: italic; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;corso ex cedola&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;corso ex cedola = corso tel quel - cedola = corso secco - rateo interessi futuri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I limiti del TRES risiedono nelle ipotesi alla base di esso, vale a dire:

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;tasso di reinvestimento dei flussi (cedole) al TRES stesso;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;detenzione dei titoli fino alla scadenza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;(continua)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/915530373482535170/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/valutazione-degli-investimenti.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/915530373482535170'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/915530373482535170'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/valutazione-degli-investimenti.html' title='Valutazione degli investimenti finanziari'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgU8Ox8_TDsm5PQkvAr1XZ5m-pMxju_EtmKxK6CzoO7lTqPrRIDCp4JZ_Q1CYAvQZCnBcI3FuLByoXWrr9rf8xyGvFKN5N7x8D0E2AnHEA8EpoLTlkV3b190Ljh6rj1UmYmA0m-B_XWnB97/s72-c/analysis-1841158_1280.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8063603395683936269</id><published>2020-01-11T11:22:00.203+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-12T15:39:43.434+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="investimenti"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><title type='text'>Appunti di matematica finanziaria per la valutazione degli investimenti (parte 2)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhauMb5IoZojeElZWTpBNWrgQuzc1Vvn7mzXKZeV40_kzH9k4WJXlXO0nJAEYxdU8tVEAyXNTC-l0GbKPCttHVlaQM6MAt4I3l9eQWvidkLEhR6FaFeSAC8Jnu2xx8cu8VdA3yiRTsFikw8/s2048/IMG_20210209_143031.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1292&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2048&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhauMb5IoZojeElZWTpBNWrgQuzc1Vvn7mzXKZeV40_kzH9k4WJXlXO0nJAEYxdU8tVEAyXNTC-l0GbKPCttHVlaQM6MAt4I3l9eQWvidkLEhR6FaFeSAC8Jnu2xx8cu8VdA3yiRTsFikw8/s320/IMG_20210209_143031.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;Tra i &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;concetti di matematica finanziaria&lt;/a&gt; da conoscere per valutare gli investimenti non possono mancare la rendita e l&#39;ammortamento.&lt;br /&gt;Impossibile per un analista, un &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2017/11/il-consulente-finanziario.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;consulente finanziario&lt;/a&gt;, un trader o chiunque si occupi di finanza, titoli, polizze e finanziamenti ignorarli.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Bree Serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-7678cd8a-7fff-5f80-5997-db0ea466de30&quot;&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Per rendita si intende un insieme di prestazioni finanziarie, consecutive e scaglionate nel tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Si tratta, dunque, di un flusso finanziario protratto nel tempo, la cui singola prestazione è definita “rata della rendita” (si pensi, ad esempio, al rimborso di un prestito, un leasing, un mutuo o un’&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/05/i-titoli-obbligazionari-partecipare-in.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;obbligazione&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Le tipologie di rendite oggetto di studio sono:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite certe&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono le rendite per le quali le rate sono fissate a priori nella quantità, nell’ammontare e nelle epoche.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite aleatorie&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono quelle rendite, tipiche delle attività assicurative, per le quali le prestazioni finanziarie sono condizionate dal verificarsi di un determinato evento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite periodiche&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono tutte quelle per cui l’intervallo temporale tra le rate successive è costante.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite aperiodiche&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sono tutte quelle per cui la cadenza temporale è opposta alla precedente.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite anticipate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Per esse il pagamento delle rate avviene all’inizio del periodo di riferimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite posticipate&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Con esse il pagamento delle rate avviene alla fine del periodo di riferimento.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite temporanee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il riferimento è a quelle per cui il numero delle rate è finito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite perpetue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Si tratta del caso esattamente opposto al precedente, dove il numero delle rate è infinito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite costanti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Per esse le rate sono di uguale ammontare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Rendite variabili&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Caso opposto al precedente, dove le rate sono di diverso ammontare (si pensi, ad esempio, alle rendite indicizzate ad un parametro).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-decoration-skip: none; background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration-skip-ink: none; text-decoration: underline; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Valutazione di una rendita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-efb34568-7fff-ca11-290e-cece3a0a0946&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Valutare una rendita significa quantificare, in un dato momento, il valore totale dei flussi a cui 
essa dà diritto. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;In genere, per la valutazione si sceglie come istante di riferimento il momento 
iniziale o quello finale di pagamento delle rate: nel primo caso, si ha il &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;valore attuale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;della 
rendita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;, vale a dire la somma di tutti i valori attuali di tutte le rate, nel secondo il &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;montante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;della rendita,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; la somma dei montanti. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;In tali casi si parla di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;rendita immediata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Nel caso in cui la valutazione del valore attuale venga fatta in un momento precedente 
all’inizio della corresponsione delle rate si parla invece di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;rendita differita&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Valori di rendite in un orizzonte temporale determinato&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Considerando il caso in cui le rate vengono distribuite per un numero finito di anni &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;n&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;, in un 
regime di costanza intertemporale dei tassi d’interesse (curva dei tassi piatta), il valore attuale 
di una rendita è uguale alla sommatoria dei flussi finanziari che la compongono (attualizzati).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Dato &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;i&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; il tasso di attualizzazione, la formula è la seguente:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-3bc41722-7fff-afcc-0ea1-5538094a854c&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 66px; overflow: hidden; width: 447px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\begin{array}{l}VA=\frac{R\ }{1+i}+\frac{R}{\left(1+i\right)^2}+\ \frac{R\ }{\left(1+i\right)^3}+\ ...\ \frac{R\ }{\left(1+i\right)^{n\ }}=\ \end{array}\sum_{j=0}^{n-1}\frac{1}{\left(1+i\right)^j}\ \cdot\frac{R}{1+i}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtable columnalign=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot; columnspacing=&amp;quot;1em&amp;quot; rowspacing=&amp;quot;4pt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;3&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtable&amp;gt;&amp;lt;munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;∑&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;66&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/KqyxXIur6QYrsTToexM7PpSG_dsVZOTv7hciAe9xvmR7VChuqfmLRGiwijzdqetYMNe3Utj7OZsWIN66jQeZT9i3v6N6xD_MoAuZIaRYUhec_irUwsN-2F5TylK0t87gcjDrNJ_Q=w431-h66&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;1 lines Line 1: V A equals the fraction with numerator R and denominator 1 plus i plus the fraction with numerator R and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren squared plus the fraction with numerator R and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren cubed plus period period period the fraction with numerator R and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the n power equals the sum from j equals 0 to n minus 1 of the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the j-th power times the fraction with numerator R and denominator 1 plus i&quot; width=&quot;431&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;che può essere riscritta come:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\begin{array}{l}VA=\frac{R\ }{1+i}\cdot\ \frac{1-\frac{1}{\left(1+i\right)^n}}{1-\frac{1}{1+i}}\end{array}=\ R\cdot\frac{1-\left(1+i\right)^{-n}}{i}\ &amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtable columnalign=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot; columnspacing=&amp;quot;1em&amp;quot; rowspacing=&amp;quot;4pt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtable&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;52&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/BpYr15fa6XIvzCqwiAhPpk5zzsIwCzQZ08EsNtwD-u2TUE0woL2-AUvCnQ4UR87TlbmODdC5t3DYLiC3xAQbDc5mfhfm0GYCz52ObW5qts_tBeTI9V5pPBCUo5Tc_GX52WFI6TdJ=w290-h52&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; title=&quot;1 lines Line 1: V A equals the fraction with numerator R and denominator 1 plus i times the fraction with numerator 1 minus the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the n-th power and denominator 1 minus the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 1 plus i equals R times the fraction with numerator 1 minus open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the negative n power and denominator i&quot; width=&quot;290&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: center; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Essa rappresenta il valore attuale di una rendita posticipata immediata di rata R, n anni, al tasso i, in regime di interesse composto.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Nel caso in cui la rendita sia differita di t anni, il valore attuale è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 44px; overflow: hidden; width: 306px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;VA=R\ .\ \frac{1-\left(1+i\right)^{-n}}{i}\ \cdot\frac{1}{\left(1+i\right)^t}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;37&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/dBi4uNdHgqNMmtQCL1JSlxR5N0yRTIKcBpnewj5XMA-CDybdBjcheaO6HOTvo_48Bj8w4pr88jyym4_wGniZKqwxzHdX8jqCoNotGsfq0oZBHkni5zxR_nVfnalRQoUqSk3Ms3yo=w262-h37&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;V A equals R period the fraction with numerator 1 minus open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the negative n power and denominator i times the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the t-th power&quot; width=&quot;262&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Per calcolare il valore attuale di una rendita anticipata occorre moltiplicare la formula per il
 fattore &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;(1+i)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Per quanto riguarda il calcolo del montante di una rendita, allo sconto si sostituisce la 
capitalizzazione dei flussi di cassa e la formula diventa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;M=R\cdot\left(1+i\right)^{n-1}+R\cdot\left(1+i\right)^{n-2}+...\ +R\cdot\left(1+i\right)+R&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;M&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;2&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;.&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;25&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/zd-y8QxHdMogcOo8PTSQ3EWFXp2B-fk2jXaFdZSoE-TzdbXOPCvwYVvCGsZTj-coadpsbeG_bXzY7jQSTAW5DeVNy8cKZ4XJoLaY7iSOgSps4FzwrSWtKqSMbV1aieqLBNzVXJdy=w390-h25&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot; title=&quot;M equals R times open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the n minus 1 power plus R times open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the n minus 2 power plus period period period positive R times open paren 1 plus i close paren plus R&quot; width=&quot;390&quot; /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;che può essere riscritta come:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; width: 201px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;M=R\cdot\frac{\left(1+i\right)^n-1}{i}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;M&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;37&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/ATdjfjp8EiBkJyZDA6Un7DxXT2iGEVecJ1v5TddlaLhd6cVsjuljhvKX7Cc5nxV2Zlx8I5J7AFCXDbmOGjsMxKyI5UjzTSA7s3XFN82ThDqCpbu2QykQPjIpCyUsJ3UI-Lw83wN8=w156-h37&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;M equals R times the fraction with numerator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the n-th power minus 1 and denominator i&quot; width=&quot;156&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;L’equazione esprime il montante di una rendita annua posticipata immediata di rata R, di anni 
n, al tasso i.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Nel caso la rendita fosse anticipata, per calcolare il montante è sufficiente moltiplicare la 
formula per il fattore &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;(1+i).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Valori di rendite in un orizzonte temporale indeterminato&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Nel caso in cui l’orizzonte temporale sia indeterminato, il valore attuale di una rendita 
posticipata immediata è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 46px; overflow: hidden; width: 93px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;VAp=\frac{R}{i}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;31&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/7tKW5f1k0AeoOKL3Zo9D-I9T2bGjf0oHG2tBGzVkjd-0Ty82LykqwjoxFxxkvsE4hk3FVqmlG7n-8FA2CK7CWmLn0o0KV0KXxNGLYNHCzAdNniLIuhmrF_E-fcPIpuAIAVcYH_mI=w80-h31&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;V A p equals R over i&quot; width=&quot;80&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 46px; overflow: hidden; width: 93px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;e, noto il valore attuale di VAp e le relative rate costanti, il tasso di rendimento è dato da:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; width: 83px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;i=\frac{R}{VAp}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;p&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;32&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/p63IdUppmUPu58_wnua4d5tHgB-yeg2UXkstePsKmKP4i7Snk8GWsm34wHF-eXKBE5_rnW9Gc-QjMUzfq_OcZ9hYTYpT3DG5__oNprYBLg1SRuwSIuFur0iaIq4Vw-C8mOLqBegh=w69-h32&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;i equals R over V A p&quot; width=&quot;69&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Nel caso di una rendita perpetua anticipata immediata, la formula diventa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 46px; overflow: hidden; width: 127px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;VAa=R\cdot\frac{R}{i}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/e6AwPM42JTYS8DzdedIrDLtDPdbTg41QhBc-6gOjzVwPmNbKQcwnU79VAeEDjcW66fhEYIfy9FgxvUqUFwTWdxdZ-JxFdXq_SYd-N3bK3dtsQqmIWpswgbDF9_N5UQLfr7ATRjTV=w97-h40&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;V A a. equals R times R over i&quot; width=&quot;97&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;da cui, noto VAa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 46px; overflow: hidden; width: 126px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;i=\frac{R}{VAa-R}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;V&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;A&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;28&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/Q0lFYQSvRtM-bODx2_-3SBIV__X-FKd6oW3jzBCG7wYvCotSxXt95bwjlBvTPAWzW9h4_BD-NKNnaLOwg4hEcsAwHzjQ362-43WFijj0awtN_HmEdHjk0s0uVwwzyUHexU-lM-Dc=w91-h28&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;i equals the fraction with numerator R and denominator V A a. minus R&quot; width=&quot;91&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 46px; overflow: hidden; width: 126px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2. Ammortamento dei prestiti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Ammortamento a rata costante&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di un piano di rimborso, detto anche ammortamento alla francese, che prevede che le 
annualità, o rate, corrisposte posticipatamente siano tutte dello stesso ammontare.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Il valore della rata si calcola utilizzando la formula vista per il calcolo del valore attuale di una 
rendita:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 66px; overflow: hidden; width: 226px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;C=\frac{R}{1+i}\cdot\ \sum_{j=0}^{n-1}\frac{1}{\left(1+i\right)^j}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtext&amp;gt;&amp;lt;munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OP&amp;quot;&amp;gt;∑&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/munderover&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;53&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/QXX2d8710aX194aQDo8QQ7bFgzJjQN9ybhfeh5CHfYYj8lecTSRavvXtQPMwoaExVbI2hnmLmsd4u2KBe_LQwdq9CD7Iqr2bzNb8LIDmXNEzMDsgA7-iysuZi2GvYoBKbeRiua2K=w167-h53&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;C equals the fraction with numerator R and denominator 1 plus i times the sum from j equals 0 to n minus 1 of the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator open paren 1 plus i close paren to the j-th power&quot; width=&quot;167&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 50px; overflow: hidden; width: 312px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;C=R\cdot\frac{1-\left(1+i\right)^{-n}}{i}=R\cdot a_{n-j}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msup&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;40&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/coju2C96itHHfXb1p-3Y01UJJbMNj-4YK-pGqW-D79vera22Kr65Atzhk_HindhBqhVb8rimQUwQDCIwh6Rzh4K74GLXsI9lbZUWO0yHESYinNAGjWBA6BHfNzvIWBuAN3LrzlbH=w234-h40&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;C equals R times the fraction with numerator 1 minus open paren 1 plus i close paren raised to the negative n power and denominator i equals R times a. sub n minus j&quot; width=&quot;234&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;da cui:&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 53px; overflow: hidden; width: 90px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;R=\frac{C}{a_{n-j}}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;C&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;41&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/ycKGJ8xKebaLo6UlwH7IWihp-qB4knEbmKhLtVHHx9da9X_PNLeYHycflv-V4Oiw5fmlQLEBnMk3IiAuZYNa2COtZrOs61Dr8B_LaMlw8dUojJt-A11TBx6EqvKmglvLS2sycMvy=w75-h41&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;R equals the fraction with numerator C and denominator a. sub n minus j&quot; width=&quot;75&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Alla fine del t-esimo periodo il debito residuo è:

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-1a860665-7fff-f747-2e74-b96d4f4a6514&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 37px; overflow: hidden; width: 151px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;K_t=R\cdot a_{n-t-j}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;K&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;j&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;29.88884580586789&quot; src=&quot;https://lh3.googleusercontent.com/eZ45jTMdg26scI7aKoxb0YeTUE1x-wwT8jWZ2BlUNblo6mxtV7nVK1vIylZC5439F7Z2LJnuuMHVSxdlXMwLYzUX8xWLFrmdXHQxRA89Qbv1azcdRnlz4AfC6R3PNSPIPQztRtXf&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 12.894160282555307px; margin-top: 7.111154194131814px;&quot; title=&quot;K sub t equals R times a. sub n minus t minus j&quot; width=&quot;126.42913777049583&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Dato il tasso di sconto&amp;nbsp;:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 52px; overflow: hidden; width: 86px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;s=\frac{1}{1+i}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mfrac&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;43&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/UkxwOA64kML0L5fjZOK1A7qk1289_S2NkjXhLi0pfQItvl1bYtmaaWOOTXOFh1RkzK81qWWZ0F6LraDOtp-fh1Zt0MjJkTvqxok_S952REZUzki00Q0-xOhoZNQU95SF3RfNiy06=w62-h43&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;s equals the fraction with numerator 1 and denominator 1 plus i&quot; width=&quot;62&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;il valore della quota capitale al periodo n è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-b1e119a8-7fff-adaf-43f8-f921f0f821b3&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 41px; overflow: hidden; width: 283px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;R=a_n+a_n\cdot i=a_n\cdot\left(1+i\right)&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;19.95347221917447&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/HL8lRHVmzDHDANfIElvuSIsiQse4tVdsGqtbI7xHStttWgHwnAC5Co-F8Ra2zQIUgwJroO-TFAbRPhK0SOcSwE8cKnUOsmKOS--G1rKSPI_md36OHUwjLuZmsjf8bvNjK3wd12Z4&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 10.337594308818861px; margin-top: 7.661738616201546px;&quot; title=&quot;R equals a. sub n plus a. sub n times i equals a. sub n times open paren 1 plus i close paren&quot; width=&quot;259.53625355787835&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;da cui:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-bbc171c0-7fff-52b1-bb95-976417324316&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 40px; overflow: hidden; width: 107px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;a_n=R\cdot s&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;n&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;R&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;23.032719706495985&quot; src=&quot;https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/XS2Xhws3Uv9ceUxU3-EDqG8ajXcExoYAVnO_zIkBikCXtlRXBHSdSo-iOzF9hjT8CiQ4e_totnPHkAD-Oc_6abET5ZubVfa8em46em4FTJdV4k_PCCEYZFNA1taDuShk7Vi2wl65&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.871186440677995px; margin-top: 7.267100460243455px;&quot; title=&quot;a. sub n equals R times s&quot; width=&quot;77.40260902930626&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 16px; overflow: hidden; width: 77px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Vista la costanza di R, i pagamenti di un anno devono essere uguali a quelli dell’anno precedente,
dunque:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-a622a10c-7fff-1b1e-59cf-ad87b964cad9&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 49px; overflow: hidden; width: 241px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\begin{array}{l}a_t+k_{t-1}\cdot i=a_{t+1}+k_t\cdot i\end{array}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtable columnalign=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot; columnspacing=&amp;quot;1em&amp;quot; rowspacing=&amp;quot;4pt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;k&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;−&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;k&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtable&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;28.003922323087938&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/jjqDMP-pucvhYYuZWQr-r3mgSretexbhBnPgSUcv1GVXdhf2DkIdcLb9YRsVZ8_BOluJq3jctq5t3uv9rRPeyqt2qieYzb-L5Gkwdz1cLn0J2Y8GRVzXxzW6zKp8ICTG2sYdDGLq&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 14.329559727908944px; margin-top: 9.024800939825582px;&quot; title=&quot;1 lines Line 1: a. sub t plus k sub t minus 1 times i equals a. sub t plus 1 plus k sub t times i&quot; width=&quot;209.55701060928556&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-cc8542c7-7fff-6201-6ac6-35bc65680690&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;da cui:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-a518c249-7fff-75b5-a31d-88586bc3bd26&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\begin{array}{l}a_t\cdot\left(1+i\right)=a_{t+1}\end{array}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtable columnalign=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot; columnspacing=&amp;quot;1em&amp;quot; rowspacing=&amp;quot;4pt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;INNER&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;OPEN&amp;quot;&amp;gt;(&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;i&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo data-mjx-texclass=&amp;quot;CLOSE&amp;quot;&amp;gt;)&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtable&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;36.99855722984766&quot; src=&quot;https://lh4.googleusercontent.com/ZlwgVfuxMIkRj9qI4Y7xTZfz7xmUEfMyfMMCGBqEjo_4n-llm3jA0Xn0Qso16h4rAelH0_ml-TYJXe9XYtNfZMifnj81GhvUsBN7Mg3jbe3ZgKvLfFBxzjmQcVuBbYYbSLtWn61l&quot; style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; margin-left: 16.3765px; margin-top: 8.98915px; text-align: left;&quot; title=&quot;1 lines Line 1: a. sub t times open paren 1 plus i close paren equals a. sub t plus 1&quot; width=&quot;135.57655667260096&quot; /&gt;,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-6c183d28-7fff-dc44-a547-63a60bd983a6&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-07d64c94-7fff-6e43-475a-84cbe45ec223&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 41px; overflow: hidden; width: 134px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&amp;lt;math xmlns=&amp;quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&amp;quot; display=&amp;quot;block&amp;quot; data-is-equatio=&amp;quot;1&amp;quot; data-latex=&amp;quot;\begin{array}{l}a_t=a_{t+1}\cdot s\end{array}&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtable columnalign=&amp;quot;left&amp;quot; columnspacing=&amp;quot;1em&amp;quot; rowspacing=&amp;quot;4pt&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;=&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;a&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;t&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;+&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mn&amp;gt;1&amp;lt;/mn&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mrow&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/msub&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mo&amp;gt;⋅&amp;lt;/mo&amp;gt;&amp;lt;mi&amp;gt;s&amp;lt;/mi&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtd&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtr&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/mtable&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/math&amp;gt;&quot; height=&quot;20.017978987361683&quot; src=&quot;https://lh6.googleusercontent.com/UPNW76ul2qQjviHwBRaX2m76qzv_omE_MT42_ni7GemL46pyaOR8J-PfuU0ybBT3iNRc6t3OomlFBdiGYU-wrDunrwLpmvueSJ6JM13vBcfRl29OCFDQjRKUDvGJAzXOR5i_ImTn&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 15.31035897435902px; margin-top: 10.77891176242769px;&quot; title=&quot;1 lines Line 1: a. sub t equals a. sub t plus 1 times s&quot; width=&quot;95.62940149250697&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 13px; overflow: hidden; width: 96px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none; display: inline-block; height: 13px; overflow: hidden; width: 96px;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Ammortamento a rata decrescente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Si tratta di una metodologia di rimborso, detto ammortamento all’italiana, che prevede la 
costanza della quote capitali mentre le quote di interesse sono decrescenti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8063603395683936269/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per_11.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8063603395683936269'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8063603395683936269'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per_11.html' title='Appunti di matematica finanziaria per la valutazione degli investimenti (parte 2)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhauMb5IoZojeElZWTpBNWrgQuzc1Vvn7mzXKZeV40_kzH9k4WJXlXO0nJAEYxdU8tVEAyXNTC-l0GbKPCttHVlaQM6MAt4I3l9eQWvidkLEhR6FaFeSAC8Jnu2xx8cu8VdA3yiRTsFikw8/s72-c/IMG_20210209_143031.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-2529176388660496519</id><published>2020-01-04T15:05:00.072+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-10T19:34:09.900+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="investimenti"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><title type='text'>Appunti di matematica finanziaria per la valutazione degli investimenti (parte 1)</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4makpuDuIGN0UKF0ecoEG03n0ea6o4UT8qME0L4WkNR4DuAENuRGSAN1wBeLZqcUJbKxJ4fJJap_3F6U4u_QyJO4FiuptOiwu0frCfqfXp-ZUWh0uR26nMfu0d5p5kmwDEo0A-sZmYZ5/s640/accounting-761599_640.jpg&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;458&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4makpuDuIGN0UKF0ecoEG03n0ea6o4UT8qME0L4WkNR4DuAENuRGSAN1wBeLZqcUJbKxJ4fJJap_3F6U4u_QyJO4FiuptOiwu0frCfqfXp-ZUWh0uR26nMfu0d5p5kmwDEo0A-sZmYZ5/s320/accounting-761599_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Ai fini della &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2017/11/il-consulente-finanziario.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;consulenza finanziaria&lt;/a&gt; rivestono notevole importanza alcuni fondamentali concetti di matematica finanziaria la cui conoscenza è indispensabile per valutare gli investimenti, sia singolarmente che in termini comparativi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-b2290717-7fff-6a29-954d-2be488855afa&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Con matematica finanziaria s’intende, ricordiamolo, l’insieme di procedimenti, costituiti mediante modelli quantitativi, che permettono di calcolare i termini di scambio tra capitali in differenti momenti temporali.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Interesse semplice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;In matematica finanziaria si parla di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;capitalizzazione semplice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; quando l’interesse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; è proporzionale al capitale &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; e al tempo trascorso &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;, espresso in anni o frazioni di anno dal momento in cui viene investito &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’interesse i espresso in percentuale del capitale &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; è definito &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;tasso d’interesse semplice&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;I = C x i x t&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;dalla relazione si ricava:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;i = I / C x t , C = I / i x t&amp;nbsp; e  t = I / i x C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il montante diventa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;M = C + I = C + C x i x t = C x (1 + 1 x i x t)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Se il periodo di tempo preso in considerazione è un anno (unitario), la formula si riduce a:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;M = C + I = C + i x t = C x (1 + i x t).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La caratteristica di base del regime a capitalizzazione semplice è l’ipotesi che, in caso di investimento con durata diversa da un anno, gli interessi maturati sul capitale investito non vengono reinvestiti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;2&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Interesse composto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’investimento degli interessi man mano maturati nei vari periodi allo stesso tasso è la caratteristica, invece, del regime di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;capitalizzazione lineare composta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;L’interesse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;che traduce la relazione tra il montante finale e il capitale iniziale è definito &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;interesse composto&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;In altri termini, se &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;M₁ = C x (1 + i)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;M₂ = M₁ x (1 +i) = C x (1 +i) x (1 +i) = C x (1 +i)²&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Considerando n periodi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Mₙ = C x (1 +i)ᷠ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;da cui:&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;i = (Mₙ /C)¹/ⁿ - 1 ,&amp;nbsp; C = Mₙ / (1 +i)ⁿ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Ricordando che&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I = M - C , &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;l’interesse composto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; maturato dopo &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;n &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;periodi è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;I = C x [(1 +i)ⁿ - 1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La caratteristica di base del regime di capitalizzazione composta è l’ipotesi che l’intero montante, e non solo il capitale, venga reinvestito ad ogni scadenza.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Per durate superiori all’anno (o all’unità temporale), il regime composto genera, dunque, un montante superiore a quello del regime semplice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;3&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Capitalizzazione frazionata&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La capitalizzazione frazionata viene utilizzata per calcolare l’interesse, il montante e il tasso d’interesse nei casi in cui il periodo di tempo complessivamente considerato sia frazionato in più lassi di tempo di uguali durata (di solito, per frazioni di anno).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Il tasso d’interesse applicato nei singoli periodi (“tasso periodale”) è dato, in genere, dal rapporto tra il tasso annuo convertibile &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;k &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;volte l’anno e il numero &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;k &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;dei periodi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Tasso periodale = Tasso annuo / k&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Mₙ = Mₙ₋₁ x (1 +i/k)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;4&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Interessi equivalenti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Quando nella valutazione di diversi investimenti è necessario confrontare alternative regolate dai due diversi regimi, semplice e composto, è possibile utilizzare la formula che determina, partendo da un tasso d’interesse semplice &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;iₛ , &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;il tasso d’interesse equivalente che si determinerebbe in regime di capitalizzazione composta:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;iₑ = (1 + iₛ x t)¹/ᵗ -1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Nel caso in cui si intenda valutare il rendimento reale di un investimento di cui si conosca il tasso di capitalizzazione frazionata, la formula diventa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;i = (1 + iₖ)ᵏ - 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;e volendo ricavare, invece, il tasso frazionato:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;iₖ = (1 + i)¹/ᵏ - 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;ol start=&quot;5&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: decimal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Valore attuale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Conoscendo il tasso d’interesse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;i ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; è possibile calcolare il valore attuale (o valore scontato) di un capitale noto &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;M &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;che si renderà disponibile in futuro.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;In regime di capitalizzazione semplice l’espressione che consente di calcolare il valore attuale &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;V &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;si ottiene attraverso la formula inversa di:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;M = C + i x t &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;vale a dire:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;V = M / (1+i)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;In regime di capitalizzazione composta il valore attuale si ottiene mediante la formula inversa di:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Mₙ = C x (1 +i)ᵗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; , &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;cioè:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;V = M / (1 +i)ᵗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Quest’ultima consente di valutare la redditività di più investimenti con capitali finali ed orizzonti temporali diversi attraverso il confronto del rispettivo valore attuale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;La formula è molto utilizzata, soprattutto per valutare la convenienza dell’acquisto di titoli a reddito fisso in regime di capitalizzazione composta (&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/08/i-bot-come-coprire-il-fabbisogno-di.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;BoT&lt;/a&gt; e &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/06/i-certificati-del-tesoro-zero-coupon.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;zero coupon bond&lt;/a&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;         6. Valore nominale e valore reale&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-53f23914-7fff-795e-83c1-c56146316905&quot; style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Il valore reale e il valore nominale indicano, il primo, l’insieme dei beni che si possono 
acquistare con una somma di denaro e, il secondo, l’ammontare della somma stessa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Sono due concetti la cui importanza viene spesso ribadita quando si discute di un parametro  
come l’&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 700; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;inflazione &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;e dell’impatto di questa sulla &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/12/valute-e-mercato-dei-cambi-cose-il-forex.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;moneta&lt;/a&gt;, i beni reali, il &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/02/appello-al-pubblico-risparmio.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;risparmio&lt;/a&gt;, i titoli 
finanziari e i rispettivi &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/03/i-mercati-finanziari-qualche-nozione-di.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;mercati&lt;/a&gt;.

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-98cae2cb-7fff-c736-8715-85f281f2ed28&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Nel caso di aumento dell’inflazione, infatti, il valore reale della moneta circolante del Paese che 
ha visto aumentare l’indice dei prezzi diminuisce nel tempo, mentre il suo valore nominale 
rimane costante; nel mercato dei beni accade esattamente il contrario e per le attività
finanziarie il valore reale aumenta se il tasso d’interesse nominale è superiore all’inflazione.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Ne consegue che il rendimento reale di un titolo, tenuto conto del tasso d’inflazione atteso &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;𝛑 ,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; è:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;R = i - 𝜋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Il valore nominale di un capitale futuro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;M&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;, dato il valore reale di un capitale passato &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;C&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; e &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;t &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;a 
rappresentare il tempo espresso in anni o frazioni di anno, può essere calcolato con la seguente
formula:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;M = C x (1 + 𝜋)ᵗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Inversamente, il valore reale di una capitale futuro &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;M &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;con lo stesso valore nominale di un 
capitale presente &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;C &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;può essere calcolato con la formula:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;M = C / (1 + 𝜋)ᵗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Tenendo conto anche del tasso d’interesse, essa diventa:

&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;M = C x (1 +i /1 + 𝜋)ᵗ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Bree Serif&amp;quot;, serif; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Con essa è possibile, dunque, determinare il valore reale (deprezzato dell’effetto inflattivo) di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;un’attività finanziaria che rende un tasso d’interesse &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;i &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;ed è soggetta ad un tasso d’inflazione &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;𝜋&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: black; font-family: &#39;Bree Serif&#39;,serif; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;. 
(&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per_11.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;continua&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/2529176388660496519/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2529176388660496519'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/2529176388660496519'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2020/01/appunti-di-matematica-finanziaria-per.html' title='Appunti di matematica finanziaria per la valutazione degli investimenti (parte 1)'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjN4makpuDuIGN0UKF0ecoEG03n0ea6o4UT8qME0L4WkNR4DuAENuRGSAN1wBeLZqcUJbKxJ4fJJap_3F6U4u_QyJO4FiuptOiwu0frCfqfXp-ZUWh0uR26nMfu0d5p5kmwDEo0A-sZmYZ5/s72-c/accounting-761599_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-6534258457555464148</id><published>2019-12-14T15:38:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T22:30:11.540+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bce"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito pubblico"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="debito sovrano"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eurobond"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="eurogruppo"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MES"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="rischio insolvenza"/><title type='text'>Liquidità e Ue: cosa sono gli eurobond e perchè non sono mai partiti</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBIr8RuGJ9tSdEM40VO7GmNpjsrZAKUbCVE3MsGqYBL7tFkIR4gq7-s1Ka7ZszFaDAF_9Yk6sCMSLbEV1RmAyGYcjLXm3H_U0VbdnOOv5chPKEuEvom1yfl2oIV1bb4TiOFn0WTnZge4CD/s1600/money-167741_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBIr8RuGJ9tSdEM40VO7GmNpjsrZAKUbCVE3MsGqYBL7tFkIR4gq7-s1Ka7ZszFaDAF_9Yk6sCMSLbEV1RmAyGYcjLXm3H_U0VbdnOOv5chPKEuEvom1yfl2oIV1bb4TiOFn0WTnZge4CD/s320/money-167741_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Si discute di Eurobond dal lontano 2011, quando la crisi dei debiti sovrani scoppiata sull’onda del crack Lehman Brothers stava assumendo dimensioni serie e connotati drammatici per l’economia della vecchia Europa e la tenuta dei Paesi dai conti più barcollanti, e con il prolungarsi del dibattito comunitario sul &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Mes&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; sono ritornati in auge come e, forse, più di allora: ma cosa sono e perchè dividono così tanto i vari membri dell’Unione?&lt;br /&gt;
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Gli Eurobond altro non sono che titoli di debito, obbligazioni del debito pubblico dei Paesi facenti parte dell’eurozona, da emettere attraverso un’apposita agenzia dell’Unione europea, la cui solvibilità sarebbe garantita congiuntamente da tutti gli Stati membri mediante l’intervento della Banca europea degli investimenti (Bei) o di altro istituto di credito, purchè non sia la Bce, e i cui oneri verrebbero condivisi tra tutti i soggetti (mutualizzazione).&lt;br /&gt;
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In altri termini, gli E-bond rappresenterebbero un potenziale meccanismo solidale di distribuzione del debito su base europea la cui solvibilità sarebbe garantita dall’insieme dei membri dell’Ue anche nel caso in cui un singolo Stato non riuscisse a ripagare il suo debito.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
La liquidità raccolta mediante la loro emissione verrebbe destinata agli Stati membri più in difficoltà, ma per la loro stessa natura essi rimarrebbero strumenti comuni, senza essere cioè legati a nessun singolo Paese.&lt;br /&gt;
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Con tale meccanismo si ridurrebbero le probabilità di una crisi del debito sovrano e del correlato effetto contagio degli altri Paesi membri, ma il principio mutualistico alla base di esso non mitigherebbe il rischio che gli Stati con i conti pubblici più disastrati continuino a far correre irresponsabilmente il prorio debito ribaltando rischi e costi su quelli più virtuosi.&lt;br /&gt;
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Non è un caso, dunque, che queste obbligazioni comuni siano al centro di analisi e dibattiti internazionali, e foriere di grossi contrasti nell’Unione, da quasi dieci anni ormai.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Le critiche e le perplessità&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
In linea di massima, gli Eurobond sembrano la panacea di ogni male, l’arma letale per affrontare la speculazione internazionale e sventare il rischio default dei Paesi più propensi all’indebitamento, complice anche l’enfasi su di essi alimentata dai loro più strenui sostenitori all’epoca della crisi sul debito sovrano, su tutti Jean-Claude Juncker e Giulio Tremonti, allora, rispettivamente, presidente dell’Eurogruppo e ministro dell’economia e delle finanze del governo italiano, e la tenue conoscenza dei &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/05/i-titoli-obbligazionari-partecipare-in.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;titoli obbligazionari&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;e, soprattutto, di alcune peculiarità dell’Unione europea.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le perplessità generali vertono, tuttavia, su un dato di fatto incontrovertibile: la (quasi) totale assenza di armonizzazione in materia di politica fiscale e finanziaria tra i membri dell’Ue.&lt;br /&gt;
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I conti pubblici dei vari Stati sono infatti esageratamente diversi tra loro, sia per quanto riguarda le leggi in materia di fisco, lavoro, previdenza e welfare, sia per le modalità di finanziamento di quest’ultimo.&lt;br /&gt;
Adottare strumenti di debito comuni che mutualizzino oneri e rischi in uno scenario così variegato e difforme è davvero molto più complesso di quanto si possa credere.&lt;br /&gt;
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E&#39; comprensibile come la semplificazione di taluni concetti nell’immaginario collettivo possano far pensare al contrario, ma è doveroso ricordare che ogni Stato europeo, fin dalle origini della nascita dell’Unione, ha conservato molte caratteristiche del proprio sistema per preservarsi taluni margini di intervento all’interno di esso che rendono difficilissimo l&#39;adozione di soluzioni comuni efficaci.&lt;br /&gt;
Ad onor del vero, spesso è faticoso anche misurare il fabbisogno finanziario reale di ogni Paese o l&#39;impatto di un intervento per capire se sia stato sul serio efficace.&lt;br /&gt;
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Non meno trascurabile, poi, è il problema rappresentato dalle profonde differenze nell’andamento delle diverse economie nazionali, tradizionalmente misurato mediante il &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/09/sostenibilita-del-debito-pubblico-il.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Pil&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;
Qui di critiche potrebbero sollevarsene tante e, al netto di un’interpretazione estrema del concetto di solidarietà, è arduo provare a biasimare quelle più frequenti.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Basti pensare che i Paesi più virtuosi nella gestione dei conti pubblici, come abbiamo detto in precedenza, dovrebbero farsi carico di un costo del debito aggiuntivo a favore di quelli più indebitati: è evidente, come accennato, che già in questa caratteristica alla base degli Eurobond risiede il rischio che i Paesi destinatari di aiuti, proprio in virtù di questa “protezione”, si possano sentire incentivati a mettere in piedi politiche fiscali e di bilancio ancora meno attente nel generare &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/09/vincolo-di-bilancio-disavanzo-e.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;disavanzo&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;rispetto a quelle che li hanno condotti al rischio collasso, finendo per far aumentare i costi a carico degli Stati più attenti alle finanze pubbliche.&lt;br /&gt;
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Una gestione meno rigorosa dei conti pubblici incentivato dal ricorso a strumenti come gli Eurobond, inoltre, potrebbe spingere ad un aumento dei tassi di interesse sul debito e innescare una spirale inflazionistica che potrebbe mettere in serie difficoltà la salvaguardia del potere d’acquisto dei cittadini, i conti e gli investimenti di famiglie e imprese del vecchio continente e la tenuta delle economie più solide dell’Unione, da sempre attente a tale variabile nel programmare le loro finanze e i loro investimenti.&lt;br /&gt;
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L’unica soluzione che consentirebbe di introdurre obbligazioni comunitarie come gli Eurobond sarebbe dunque il superamento di quel limite generale suesposto, vale a dire che si raggiunga un&#39;uniformazione e un&#39;integrazione delle legislazioni fiscali dei Paesi membri, ma ciò implicherebbe per tutti quella forte riduzione della sovranità nazionale che vede proprio nella materia fiscale la massima espressione e che nessuno vuole dal punto di vista politico.&lt;br /&gt;
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Difficile, quindi, che si giunga, per ora, ad una soluzione in tale direzione.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/6534258457555464148/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/liquidita-e-ue-cosa-sono-gli-eurobond-e.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/6534258457555464148'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/6534258457555464148'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/liquidita-e-ue-cosa-sono-gli-eurobond-e.html' title='Liquidità e Ue: cosa sono gli eurobond e perchè non sono mai partiti'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjBIr8RuGJ9tSdEM40VO7GmNpjsrZAKUbCVE3MsGqYBL7tFkIR4gq7-s1Ka7ZszFaDAF_9Yk6sCMSLbEV1RmAyGYcjLXm3H_U0VbdnOOv5chPKEuEvom1yfl2oIV1bb4TiOFn0WTnZge4CD/s72-c/money-167741_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-5740181746199625603</id><published>2019-12-01T13:25:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2020-04-06T17:04:12.758+02:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Bce"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="crisi economica"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Eurozona"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="fondo salva Stati"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="MES"/><title type='text'>Fondo salva-Stati: cos’è il Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità (MES) e come funziona </title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiASwmq02wIf0PrcUM6XrygK2GspMLbuEoip2ENj43fRUOOjU_MUE4PXXw410OF02W5X6bobCQtsdagLndnOeIuN0aIGuzv09YoNdMgdarAFRH2aOVCNxcrvruk8D_TkccYchm3-kRmtSMO/s1600/house-167734_640.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;426&quot; data-original-width=&quot;640&quot; height=&quot;213&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiASwmq02wIf0PrcUM6XrygK2GspMLbuEoip2ENj43fRUOOjU_MUE4PXXw410OF02W5X6bobCQtsdagLndnOeIuN0aIGuzv09YoNdMgdarAFRH2aOVCNxcrvruk8D_TkccYchm3-kRmtSMO/s320/house-167734_640.jpg&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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Il &lt;b&gt;Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità&lt;/b&gt; (MES) è un organismo internazionale a carattere regionale nato come fondo monetario europeo per garantire la stabilità finanziaria dell’eurozona.&lt;br /&gt;
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Istituito con le modifiche apportate all’art. 113 del Trattato di Lisbona deliberate dal Parlamento europeo il 23 marzo 2011 e ratificate dal Consiglio il 25 marzo 2011, è il Fondo salva-Stati cui compete sostenere i Paesi membri che versano in situazioni di crisi e potenziale default in sostituzione del Fondo europeo di stabilità finanziaria e del Meccanismo europeo di stabilizzazione finanziaria.&lt;br /&gt;
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La sua entrata in vigore, prevista inizialmente per la metà del 2013, è stata anticipata dal Consiglio europeo del 9 dicembre 2011 al luglio del 2012 a causa dell’aggravarsi della crisi dei debiti sovrani e il sempre più acutizzarsi del rischio default delle economie periferiche dell’Unione.&lt;br /&gt;
Le disponibilità monetarie alla sua entrata in vigore ammontavana a 650 miliardi di euro, compresisi dei quasi 300 miliardi residui dai fondi temporanei istituiti per salvare dall’insolvenza Irlanda e Portogallo.&lt;br /&gt;
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In realtà, tuttavia, l’attuazione della riforma è rimasta sospesa per quasi due mesi in attesa della pronuncia della corte costituzionale della Germania sulla compatibilità del MES con l’ordinamento tedesco. &lt;br /&gt;
Nodo sciolto il 12 settembre 2012 con la richiesta da parte della corte dell’introduzione di alcune limitazioni atte ad eliminare i contrasti tra il nuovo organismo e l’ordinamento costituzionale della locomotiva d’Europa.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Il MES è regolato dalla legislazione internazionale ed ha una propria sede a Lussemburgo.&lt;br /&gt;
Per perseguire i propri obiettivi concede prestiti, a tassi fissi o variabili, ai Paesi in difficoltà finanziarie e acquista i loro titoli sul mercato primario secondo condizioni piuttosto rigide.&lt;br /&gt;
In casi ben definiti può, inoltre, sancire delle sanzioni agli Stati che non rispettano le scadenze della restituzione e i proventi di queste confluiranno nello stesso fondo.&lt;br /&gt;
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É previsto, tra l’altro, che in caso di mancato pagamento da parte di un Paese membro del fondo di una qualsiasi parte dell’importo dovuto a titolo di quote da versare esso sarà inibito all’esercizio dei propri diritti di voto per l’intera durata del proprio inadempimento.&lt;br /&gt;
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Gli Stati membri che ad oggi hanno usufruito del fondo salva Stati europeo sono Cipro, Spagna e Grecia.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Come funziona il MES&lt;/b&gt;. Le modalità operative del fondo salva-Stati sono definite all’articolo 3 del suo trattato istitutivo.&lt;br /&gt;
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Per semplificare la descrizione del funzionamento del MES può essere comodo suddividere la sua azione in tre distinte fasi:&lt;br /&gt;
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1. lo Stato membro in difficoltà avanza richiesta di assistenza al Presidente del Consiglio dei governatori del fondo;&lt;br /&gt;
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2. il MES chiede alla Commissione UE di valutare lo stato delle finanze pubbliche del Paese richiedente aiuti e di stabilire il suo fabbisogno finanziario.&lt;br /&gt;
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In questa fase l’esecutivo comunitario e la BCE (e se necessario il FMI) valutano anche se la crisi Stato richiedente aiuto può contagiare il resto dell’eurozona;&lt;br /&gt;
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3. dopo la valutazione, nell’arco di circa 7 giorni dalla data di presentazione della richiesta formale di aiuto, l’organo plenario del MES decide, in linea di principio, di agire e aiutare con prestiti il Paese in difficoltà.&lt;br /&gt;
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Viene così avviato il negoziato della Commissione con lo Stato richiedente, la BCE e, quando coinvolto, il FMI che si traduce in un memorandum d’intesa che specifica i parametri e le condizioni che dovranno essere rispettate.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le decisioni dovranno essere poi adottate dal Consiglio Ue nel rispetto della procedura dei &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2018/09/vincolo-di-bilancio-disavanzo-e.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;disavanzi pubblici&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt; eccessivi.&lt;br /&gt;
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Le decisioni del Consiglio vengono prese a maggioranza semplice o qualificata e godono di immunità giudiziaria.&lt;br /&gt;
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L’organismo raccoglie i fondi per sostenere i membri che ne fanno parte dagli stessi Stati membri e i diritti di voto sono proporzionali alla quota versata da ogni Stato.&lt;br /&gt;
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Esso emette titoli e strumenti finanziari e, come anticipato, può acquistare titoli di degli Stati dell’area euro sul mercato primario e secondario. &lt;br /&gt;
Può anche raggiungere intese o accordi finanziari con istituzioni bancarie e finanziarie private e coinvolgere queste nel fornire aiuti ai Paesi in difficoltà.&lt;br /&gt;
Nel caso di insolvenza di uno Stato finanziato nei confronti del MES, questo dovrà essere rimborsato prima dei creditori privati.&lt;br /&gt;
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L’operato del MES, i membri del personale, i suoi beni e patrimonio, godono dell’immunità giudiziaria nell’interesse dello stesso.&lt;br /&gt;
I governatori del fondo, tuttavia, nominano un collegio di revisori esterni indipendente che ha accesso ai libri contabili e alle transazioni dello stesso.&lt;br /&gt;
I membri di quest’ultimo sono scelti uno dalla Corte dei Conti Europea e due a rotazione dagli organi di controllo supremo degli Stati membri.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Chi gestisce il fondo?&lt;/b&gt; Il MES è gestito da un Consiglio dei Governatori costituito dai ministri delle finanze dell’Eurozona oltre che da un Consiglio d’Amministrazione nominato dai Governatori.&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
Fanno parte del suo board anche un Direttore Generale, dotato di diritti di voto, il commissario europeo agli Affari economico-monetari e il Presidente della Banca Centrale Europea, questi ultimi due in veste di osservatori.&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;Le quote di partecipazione&lt;/b&gt;. Il criterio di ripartizione delle quote di partecipazione al MES tra ciascun Stato membro, secondo l’articolo 11 del trattato istitutivo dello stesso, è basato sul modello di sottoscrizione del capitale della BCE da parte delle banche centrali nazionali: la quota di partecipazione al MES, nello specifico, è determinata tenendo conto, in pari misura, della popolazione e del Prodotto Interno Lordo dello Stato membro in rapporto alla popolazione e al PIL complessivi degli Stati aderenti al fondo.&lt;br /&gt;
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La situazione attuale prevede la seguente suddivisione:&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-363623f3-7fff-771a-bf71-2445998b97be&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-363623f3-7fff-771a-bf71-2445998b97be&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;table style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;colgroup&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;342&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;col width=&quot;76&quot;&gt;&lt;/col&gt;&lt;/colgroup&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 26.25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Germania&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;26,96%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Francia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;20,24%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Italia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;17,79%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Spagna&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;11,82%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Paesi Bassi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;5,67%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Belgio&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;3,45%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Grecia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2,79%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Austria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2,76%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Portogallo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2,49%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Finlandia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1,78%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Irlanda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1,58%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Slovacchia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,81%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Slovenia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,42%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Lituania&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,40%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Lettonia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,27%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Lussemburgo&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,24%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Cipro&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,19%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Estonia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,18%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 25pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Malta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-left: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-right: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; border-top: solid #000000 0.9933000000000001pt; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; padding: 5pt 5pt 5pt 5pt; vertical-align: top;&quot;&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;; font-size: 12pt; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;0,07%&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-363623f3-7fff-771a-bf71-2445998b97be&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/5740181746199625603/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/5740181746199625603'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/5740181746199625603'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/12/cose-il-meccanismo-europeo-di-stabilita.html' title='Fondo salva-Stati: cos’è il Meccanismo Europeo di Stabilità (MES) e come funziona '/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiASwmq02wIf0PrcUM6XrygK2GspMLbuEoip2ENj43fRUOOjU_MUE4PXXw410OF02W5X6bobCQtsdagLndnOeIuN0aIGuzv09YoNdMgdarAFRH2aOVCNxcrvruk8D_TkccYchm3-kRmtSMO/s72-c/house-167734_640.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-3772764591053654313</id><published>2019-11-17T14:03:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2020-01-10T14:08:47.417+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Forex"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="leva finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="tasso di cambio"/><title type='text'>Forex: i costi da tener conto per operarvi</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quando si parla di
operatività sul &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/12/valute-e-mercato-dei-cambi-cose-il-forex.html&quot; style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;Forex&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; occorre
distinguere tra operatività a pronti (spot) e operatività a termine.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-pagination: none; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;
Con la prima si fa riferimento alle operazioni di compravendita aventi ad
oggetto valute nel mercato spot, cioè a quelle transazioni che vengono regolate
in valuta al secondo giorno successivo la conclusione della negoziazione,
mentre l’operatività a termine si riferisce alle operazioni il cui regolamento
è in genere posticipato di diverse settimane, mesi o anni, attraverso
l’utilizzo di strumenti quali swap, futures ed opzioni su valute.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-pagination: none; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;L’operatività sul
mercato spot del Forex implica la conoscenza dei costi relativi ad essa, i
principali dei quali sono spread, interessi e margini.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
Lo &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;spread&lt;/b&gt; è il differenziale tra le
due quotazioni in cui viene espresso un dato tasso di cambio, ossia tra la
quotazione bid (o denaro), alla quale è possibile vendere un dato cross
valutario, e la quotazione ask (o lettera), alla quale è possibile acquistare
una valuta rispetto un’altra. &lt;br /&gt;
Chiunque inizi ad operare sul Forex deve prestare particolare attenzione a
questa variabile, poiché il suo valore costituisce il movimento minimo che il
mercato deve fare per consentire al trader di trarre un profitto dalla sua
strategia. Vi sono spread fissi o variabili, ed è fondamentale fare attenzione
a quest’ultimo quando si sceglie un Forex broker. &lt;br /&gt;Di norma,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;differenziale è minimo per le coppie più
frequentemente oggetto di scambio (come i cross EUR/USD, USD/JPY, GBP/USD,
etc.), mentre diventa più ampio per le coppie di valute più “esotiche” e meno
negoziate.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-pagination: none; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Quando le posizioni
in valuta non sono liquidate in giornata, le posizioni aperte vengono portate
avanti anche nei giorni successivi e questo tipo di operatività (overnight)
implica un costo (&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;interesse&lt;/b&gt;) per la
copertura del finanziamento che si sta ottenendo per mantenerle aperte.&lt;br /&gt;
Nel caso di acquisto di un cross valutario con la valuta principale che ha un
tasso d’interesse maggiore di quello della valuta secondaria, sull’esposizione
si riceverà un tasso d’interesse pari al differenziale tra i due tassi di
interesse, nel caso opposto si pagherà sulla propria esposizione il
differenziale tra i due tassi.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;mso-pagination: none; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ma quando si decide
di operare sul Forex anche i margini richiesti dai brokers specializzati hanno
un grosso peso. &lt;br /&gt;Gran parte di essi infatti permette al trader di operare
ricorrendo alla &lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/12/la-leva-finanziaria.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;leva finanziaria&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt; e il &lt;b&gt;margine&lt;/b&gt;
è la quota di capitale necessaria da versare come garanzia per operare in
valuta. &lt;br /&gt;
Esso sarà tanto minore quanto maggiore è la leva finanziaria offerta dal broker
e deve essere integrato, pena la chiusura del conto, nel caso in cui scenda
sotto il livello minimo a seguito di perdite sulla posizione assunta. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;cambria&amp;quot; , serif;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/3772764591053654313/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/11/forex-i-costi-da-tener-conto-per.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/3772764591053654313'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/3772764591053654313'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/11/forex-i-costi-da-tener-conto-per.html' title='Forex: i costi da tener conto per operarvi'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-3502280939776028007.post-8610296504779515008</id><published>2019-11-03T14:07:00.000+01:00</published><updated>2021-02-15T23:03:16.196+01:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="CFD"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="consulenza finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="derivati finanziari"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="leva finanziaria"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="opzioni binarie"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="pillole di finanza"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="speculazione"/><title type='text'>CFD e opzioni binarie</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Banche e broker online mettono a disposizione
di trader e speculatori strumenti derivati sempre più appetibili, soprattutto
per quanto riguarda il grado di leva finanziaria offerto.&lt;br /&gt;
Se per operare su indici, azioni e commodity tanti istituti di credito
forniscono ai loro clienti diverse piattaforme per negoziare contratti per
differenza (CFD), strumenti utilizzati inizialmente da alcuni hedge funds e
investitori istituzionali per coprire la loro esposizione in azioni sul London
Stock Market , altri, principalmente broker specializzati nella negoziazione su
mercati altamente liquidi e speculativi, ricorrono alle opzioni binarie,
strumenti derivati con forti connotati della scommessa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;I &lt;b&gt;CFD&lt;/b&gt;,
o contratti per differenza (contracts for difference), sono strumenti
finanziari con cui è possibile negoziare un indice, un dato quantitativo di
azioni o una commodity senza effettivamente possedere l’asset sottostante.&lt;br /&gt;Il
prezzo di un CFD è il prezzo del sottostante, del quale segue le identiche
dinamiche.&lt;br /&gt;
A differenza del trading con gli asset sottostanti, nel trading con i CFD non
ci sono commissioni di scambio, che di fatto non avvengono, e ad essi è
associata una leva finanziaria, assente per i titoli più comuni. &lt;br /&gt;
Essi sono negoziati in marginazione, ricorrendo dunque alla &lt;a href=&quot;https://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2015/12/la-leva-finanziaria.html&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;leva finanziaria&lt;/a&gt;
per moltiplicare al massimo il capitale impiegato per il trading, e, di
conseguenze, i profitti (e le perdite), cosicché il trader deve mantenere un
margine minimo: se la somma depositata presso la società che emette il CFD
scende al di sotto del livello di margine minimo, l’operatore deve coprire
(margin call) rapidamente la posizione, altrimenti il broker potrebbe liquidare
le sue posizioni.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Le &lt;b&gt;opzioni binarie&lt;/b&gt; sono opzioni il cui playoff è limitato ad una
ammontare fisso dell’asset o nullo. &lt;br /&gt;L’esito dell’investimento ha quindi due
soli possibili risultati (per cui il nome dello strumento): o si guadagna il
ricavo fissato all’atto della stipula del contratto o si perde la somma
impiegata.&lt;br /&gt;
Il funzionamento dell’opzione binaria sembra ricalcare quello di una scommessa
sul trend del sottostante, motivo delle tante polemiche (e della tanta attenzione) su questo contratto
così diffuso online e alla base di moltissime piattaforme per trading su valute
e indici.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/feeds/8610296504779515008/comments/default' title='Commenti sul post'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/11/cfd-e-opzioni-binarie.html#comment-form' title='0 Commenti'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8610296504779515008'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/3502280939776028007/posts/default/8610296504779515008'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://soldiecontorni.blogspot.com/2019/11/cfd-e-opzioni-binarie.html' title='CFD e opzioni binarie'/><author><name>Unknown</name><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>