Strategy Management OnLine

During the 2008 Toyota Sales reach 212,150 units

2009-01-09T08:58:00.000-08:00

Thursday, January 08, 2009
By: Dede Suryadi

Toyota sales during the year 2008 exceeded the target has been successfully selling 200 thousand units. Total sales in 2008 Toyota has been successful in a number of sales of 212,150 units is the highest annual sales record for Toyota.

Achievement in 2008 is the best achievement in which Toyota
to enter each class, from the sedan class, the class MPV, SUV and commercial vehicle class, Toyota sales rose sharply compared to the year 2007.

In-class sedan, which is inhabited by Vios, Corolla Altis, Camry and Crown, Toyota sedan total sales reached 17,397 units, increased by 52.2% compared to the year 2007. In the year 2008 was also successful Toyota became the market leader in the sedan class.

While for the medium-class MPV and SUV medium, with the Yaris, Innova, and Rush, a Toyota successful sales figures in this class as much as 80,112 units, while the largest sales this year reached by MPV Avanza dikelas low of 85,535 units which is a record annual sales throughout history Avanza , followed by the Kijang Innova.

And should not be seen next to the eye is the Toyota Yaris, a vehicle that is identical with the young people this year will each continue to increase sales of the consumer to get a place dihati in Indonesia.

For commercial vehicle class, the Toyota Hilux and Dyna, the total sales during the year 2008 as many as 19,923 units, up 119.6% compared to the previous year. This is also a very significant achievement, which each year Toyota commercial vehicle products more attractive as a trading partner that supports the business operators in Indonesia.

"The year 2008 that exceeded the target is the result of the hard work of all parties, we will increase the more we work hard for the year 2009 which is very challenging to keep providing the best for all our loyal customers," said Johnny Darmawan, President Director of PT Toyota - Astra Motor.

(swa)
URL : http://www.swa.co.id/primer/pemasaran/strategi/details.php?cid=1&id=8500

Hitachi Data Systems Technology Use Flash-based SSD

2009-01-09T08:55:00.000-08:00

Thursday, January 08, 2009
By: Taufik Hidayat Taufik Hidayat Taufik Hidayat

Hitachi Data Systems announced the availability of peranti storage technology with the new generation of solid state drive (SSD) flash-based product lines for the Hitachi Universal Storage Platform V (USP) and the USP VM.

SSD storage technology is a relatively new generation of faster and reliable than magnetic hard disk-based. Different from the traditional hard disk, SSD has no moving parts so that the more resistant rock and faster data access.

Through a combination of innovative technology penyimanan SSD platform and services world-class storage virtualization, Hitachi provides superior performance for business critical applications, as well as increase utilization and reduce power consumption and cooling. Along with this, Hitachi will soon announce support for a new flash-based drive that has not been recently introduced Hitachi Global Storage Technologies.

"Integration to the flash-based SSD in the Hitachi USP V and VM reinforces IDC predicted that storage class this will be the natural environment over which data Enterprises increasingly diverse," said Jeff Janukowicz, Research Manager, Solid State Drive HDD Components IDC. "We estimate the adoption SSD will increase an average of more than 70% each year until 2012, with enterprise-class storage applications that play an important role for the application I / O intensive. Flash-based SSD in the USP V will help Hitachi Data Systems to create differentiation in the bidding system on board, when installed along with the ability of virtualization, thin provisioning and management of integrated storage. "

SSD flash based on high-speed flash memory to store and retrieve data. No mechanical parts, SSD is faster and become energy efficient solution to accelerate the work load heavy traffic on the I / O storage applications for enterprise-class high as online transaction processing, seismic data processing, trade, foreign exchange and so forth.

"To customers, we offer the option of flash-based SSD in the Hitachi USP V platform because we recognize the needs of enterprise customers advanced storage technology that is able to push up the performance of applications significantly," said Roberto Basilio, Vice President Storage Platforms Product Management, Hitachi Data Systems. "As a complement traditional hard disk, flash-based SSD is able to keep active and move infrequently accessed data storage layer to another. This means increased productivity and decrease operational costs."

"This announcement emphasizes Hitachi Data Systems commitment to continue to develop flash-based SSD technology. Our customers in India now have access to the new generation of storage technology that is able to push up system performance, while lowering operational costs," said Edwin Lim, Country Manager for Hitachi Data Systems indonesian.

Package management software Hitachi Storage Command fully supports the layer of this flash-based storage, allowing storage administrators to simplify the replication functions, manage and make Tier (layer) in intelligent storage.

Hitachi Data Systems plan to provide a flash-based SSD with a 73 GB and 146 GB storage system for the Hitachi USP V and USP VM in the first quarter 2009. Meanwhile, Hitachi Global Storage Technology is planning to send a new flash drive berteknologi this early in the 2010.

(swa)
URL: http://www.swa.co.id/primer/swadigital/manajementi/details.php?cid=1&id=8501

Telecomunication Industry Trends

2009-01-09T08:53:00.000-08:00

Friday, January 09, 2009
By: A. Mohammad BS

As a solution provider of next generation telecommunications network that serves 35 of the 50 operators in the world, Huawei has a unique capacity to provide input on the future of the global telecommunications industry enters a variety of 2009 and following years.

Huawei has identified ten (10), which reflects the main trends of development of the telecommunications industry in the future and essential to the success of the operator to place themselves in the market has changed quickly:

1) cost-effective transformation to All-IP broadband in order to meet rapidly increasing demand.

2) The need carrier-grade IP communications to ensure the quality of end-to-end with a carrier-grade reliable and trustworthy.

3) The decline in ARPU because most of the growth will come from developing markets, so force the operators to implement creative solutions to reach the market with retaining profitability.

4) Increasing the efficiency of mobile broadband to optimize the
coverage in the metropolitan zone.

5) Modernization SingleRAN to meet the needs of network radio horizontal
integrated support for voice, narrowband data, and mobile broadband.

6) Network chop scale to meet the sharp growth in data traffic.

7) The emergence of a new business model for voice service is a sound understanding of communication and information experience.

8) The value of broadband, such as intelligent traffic management to improve enggunaan capacity to meet increasing ago
broadband data traffic.

9) Changes in the traditional operator-service, using their consumer base area, to provide services and content that most of the media will be encouraged and produced by the user.

10) Komputerisasi virtual services and virtualization capabilities in the "cloud computing."

All these trends point to an increasingly connected world where the limits of the software, information and communication technology to be blind, and where large-scale modernization, good quality and capacity of real-time connection, it is important to meet the increasing demand.

(swa)
URL: http://www.swa.co.id/primer/manajemen/strategi/details.php?cid=1&id=8507

HP Releases HP 1000 for the Mini PC Market

2009-01-09T08:51:00.000-08:00

Friday, January 09, 2009
By: Taufik Hidayat

To respond to the growth of mini-PC market increased quite significantly, Hewlett Packard (HP) India released two mini-PC products with different market segments. Mini PC latest HP HP 1000 that is intended to meet the needs of consumers from the students to professionals who have a high mobility device kesehariannya need support with Internet access.

According to Mariana Kasim, Marketing Director, Imaging and Printing Group HP Personal Systems Group Indonesia, interest in the market for mini-PC products is very high. This is evident from the continued growth of the market will demand this type of product.

He says, for its own HP, HP 1000 is a product category for the second mini PC. Previous HP HP has launched a year ago in 2133. "This year we plan to spend about two to three mini PC anymore," he said.

Some of the benefits of usung by HP in 1000, such as the size of the keyboard is the amount reached 92 percent of a standard notebook keyboard. In addition, with a 10.2-inch screen size makes the HP 1000 is almost no difference with ordinary notebook. Screen size is greater than the preceding that only 8.9 inches.

HP 1000 also comes with a very slim design, which is less than 1 inch and weight about one kilogram mini PC makes this look so thin. Notebook dibanderol with a price of U.S. $ 499 is boosted by Intel Atom processor N270 1.6 GHz hard drive with capacity of 60 GB.

(swa)
URL: http://www.swa.co.id/primer/pemasaran/strategi/details.php?cid=1&id=8505

BII Syariah Branch Office Open Semarang

2009-01-09T08:47:00.000-08:00

Friday, January 09, 2009
By: Dede Suryadi

PT Bank Internasional Indonesia Tbk (BII) to open the Branch Sharia (KC Sharia) in Jalan Brigjend Sudiarto No. 198 "The KC Sharia is one of the BII's commitment to meet the needs of the community will be products and banking services that comply with Syariah principles," said Sukatmo Padmosukarso, BII Wapresdir.

According Sukatmo, through KC Sharia sharia and services, offers the ease BII deal in the banking community to the entire system because the technology is used by KC BII Syariah has integrated with more than 235 branch offices BII other online.

In addition, BII Syariah have Musafir Sharia card that can be used by customers in more than 725 ATM BII and also connected with more than 20,000 ATMs in the ATM PRIMA Network, ATM BERSAMA, ALTO, CIRRUS and DBS / POSB Bank and Singapore's international network and automatically get insurance "Personal Accident" by the Insurance Sharia.

Semarang is a Sharia KC KC BII Syariah the fifth, where the previous BII has four KC Sharia in Jakarta, Bandung, Surabaya and Banda Aceh and 12 service Sharia (office channeling) is in Jakarta, Depok, Bekasi, Tangerang and Bandung.

Attendance KC Sharia complete Semarang branch network presence BII Syariah and provides a range of banking products and services in supporting the efforts of third parties collecting funds and distributing the loans in accordance with Syariah principles. BII Syariah chronicle the growth of assets in December 2008 was 17.04% and the increase in profit of 30.34% compared to the same period the previous year.

(swa)
URL: http://www.swa.co.id/primer/manajemen/strategi/details.php?cid=1&id=8506

COPING MECHANISMS governance IT ON STATE AGENCY BUSINESS INSURANCE SECTOR: STUDY CASES PT. INSURANCE BC (PT ABC)

2008-11-13T02:49:00.000-08:00

ABSTRACT
IT governance (IT Governance) has become an attractive concept for discussion in the domain of information technology. Based on studies conducted by de Haes and Grembergan (2004) obtained the fact that some organizations have been implementing it by using a combination mechanism structure, process, and relational, most of which aimed to ensure harmony between IT and Business. This study attempted heard the application of IT in the governance of PT. ABC, a social insurance company, which is also a state-owned enterprises (SOEs), using the model / framework for IT governance. Results from this study is the description of the model include IT Governance structural mechanism, the mechanism process, and relational mechanisms that realized by PT ABC. It is expected that this study was obtained from the picture on the implementation of IT Governance in the PT and its ABC problematikanya that can be a discussion of materials for the study IT Governance in Indonesia.

REFERENCES

Rita Sopia, Yulie Astanto, Budi Yuwono, Arrianto Mukti Wibowo
Lab IT Governance - Center for Computer Science, University of Indonesia
http://jurnal.mti.cs.ui.ac.id/?cat=17

MODEL SYSTEM STRATEGIC PLANNING ON THE INFORMATION INDUSTRY BROADCASTING TELEVISI APPROACHES TO BLUE OCEAN STRATEGY AND Balanced scorecard

2008-11-13T02:43:00.001-08:00

Abstract
The high level of competition in the broadcast media company in Indonesia at this time, especially television, creating a business strategy needs to survive. Almost all the broadcast media utilize IT in the operational activities. However, the ability of planning, management and implementation of the SI / IT associated with the business strategy the company is still less applied. This is evident from the output of each program broadcast TV stations pick the color and variety are the same. Innovation and product differentiation does not appear where between one station with other stations that produce similar products but not the same. Audien when they consist of many layers, cultural and social background, which certainly has a different taste, and this is an opportunity that needed to more carefully. Strategic Planning Information System is now one of the key in the achievement of the target company, because it must be in tune with the business strategy that run. Model of Strategic Planning Information System, which will be discussed in this study is to use business strategy Blue Ocean Strategy (BOS) integrated with the Balanced scorecard (BSC). With the characteristics of the BOS and torture, this model is the model to the needs of Strategic Planning Information System in the television industry that are dynamic, innovative, and high-level competition with the achievement of measurable results and comprehensive. This model is implemented in the PSSI Child Space Toon TV. The results of this study show a model of PSSI TV broadcasting industry in tune with the business strategy. Components of the broadcast industry is caught in the curve value BOS mapped into 4 BSC perspective, persepektif namely financial, customer, internal business processes, learning and growth. The results of this mapping needs further mengelaborasi SI / IT strategy in line with the business of BOS using four BSC perspectives. Needs SI / IT, which then appear in inventarisir to be run in accordance with the strategic management of SI / IT-it.

REFERENCES

Agus Sunarto, Zainal A. Hasibuan, http://jurnal.mti.cs.ui.ac.id/?cat=17

INFLUENCE IMPLEMENTASI INFORMATION SYSTEM / INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY ON ITS OPERATIONAL PERFORMANCE: STUDY CASES ON THE COMPANY good

2008-11-13T02:39:00.000-08:00

AbstractThis study aimed to see whether the implementation of information systems / information technology (SI / IT) affect the operational performance of the company. Research was conducted at one of the companies in the service industry service delivery headquartered in Jakarta. This study uses qualitative research methodology with the analysis of descriptive statistics to describe the influence of the implementation of the SI / IT to the operational performance. The research obtained from preliminary analysis based on the theory of the operational performance of companies using the methods of critical success factor (CSF), the productivity of labor (productivity), the number of complaints (customer handling), and the level of success of the delivery (quality of service). Results from this research show that implementation of the SI / IT negatively impact the productivity of labor, a positive effect on the number of complaints, and does not affect the level of success of the delivery of goods.

REFERENCES

Henry Christianto, Riri Satria,Yudho Giri Sucahyo, http://jurnal.mti.cs.ui.ac.id/?cat=17

E-Government DEVELOPMENT ON THE WEATHER AND INSTALLATION ENVIRONMENTAL AGENCIES Aeronautics and Space by adopting E-BUSINESS

2008-11-13T02:20:00.000-08:00

ABSTRACT
Installation Environment and Weather (ILC) is a work unit in the Central Development and Utilization of remote sensing technology, remote sensing Deputy Director General, National Institute of Aeronautics and Space (LAPAN). in the line of duty and obligation is to ILC acquisition, storage, satellite data, and conduct research in the field of remote sensing. Revenue and NOAA satellite data storage (the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) has done since 1978 until now. LAPAN as a non-departmental government agencies must implement government policy, namely, Impress RI. No. 3 year 2003 on the National Strategy and Policy Development of e-Government, so that a LAPAN obligation to implement good governance (good governance) and to improve public services effective, efficient, transparent and accountable. Indeed, there were obstacles, such as: sharing culture do not yet exist, documenting the cultural / archive management is not common, langkanya Human Resources reliable, inadequate infrastructure and relatively expensive, the processing facilities, services, and the source data, so that the implementation of good programs governance is not systematic and not coordinated, even more may not be strategic. Development of e-Government in the management of the NOAA satellite data in the ILC LAPAN combine the methods Esichaikul and Chavananon [6]; and Kalakota and Robinson [9]. This study examine the problems and business opportunities, infrastructure technology, solutions business model, the design of system architecture, and design guidelines, regulations, policies on business process ILC LAPAN. From these results obtained patterns of web-based business solutions, namely: application access pattern for Integration, the self-service, application Integration, the extended enterprise, information aggregation, and collaboration, with the model adopted e-business portal, thereby providing service to users quickly, automatically, , Efficient and effective. Benefits of this research is to provide direction in the implementation of e-business models that run right in the e-Government, provide convenience in managing information / NOAA satellite data, ILC LAPAN help in introducing products and provide direction for the needs of users, to help evaluate the performance of activities in ILC eight, and avoid repetition of a program or activity in the ILC LAPAN. It is expected that the development of e-Government will need to consider the priority users and make up grade infrastructure of information technology in accordance with the development of technology.

REFERENCES

Muhammad Priyatna, Dana Indra Sensuse, http://jurnal.mti.cs.ui.ac.id/

Environmental Risk Management in Government: Introduction to the application units of Ministry of Finance - DEVINITION RISK MANAGEMENT

2008-11-13T01:40:00.000-08:00

DEVINITION RISK MANAGEMENT

The term (risk) have different definitions of risk. The risks associated with possible incidents or circumstances that may threaten the achievement of the goals and targets of the organization. [3] Vaughan (1978) raised the risk of some definitions as follows:

- Risk is the chance of loss (Risk is the chance of loss).

Chance of loss associated with an exhibition (openness) against possible loss. The statistics, chance is used to indicate the level of probability will be the emergence of certain situations. Some authors reject this definition because there are differences between the level of risk with the level of losses. In case the chance of loss of 100%, meaning the loss is so sure there is no risk.

- Risk is the possibility of loss (risk is the possibility of loss).

The term means the possibility that the probability of the event are zero and one. However, this definition is less suitable to be used in the quantitative analysis.

- Risk is uncertainty (Risk is the uncertainty).

Uncertainty can be subjective and objective. Subjective uncertainty is an individual assessment of the risk situation based on knowledge and attitudes of the individuals concerned. Objective uncertainty will be described in the following two definitions of risk.

- Risk is the dispersion of the actual from expected results (Risk is the actual distribution of the results from the expected results).

Experts statistics defines risk as the value of degrees of irregularities around a central position in or around the average.

- Risk is the probability of any outcome different from the one expected (Risk is the probability something different outcome with the expected outcome). According to the definition above, the risk is not probabilita from a single incident, but probabilita from several different outcome from the expected.

From the various definitions above, the risks associated with the possible result of bad (losses), which is not desired, or unexpectedly. In other words, it shows the possibility of uncertainty.

Risk can occur in the service, performance, and reputation of the institution concerned. The risk that there may be caused by various factors, among other natural events, operations, human, political, technological, personnel, financial, legal, and management of the organization.

A risk that there may be other risks come from, and can be caused by various factors. The risk of low performance of agencies comes from a low risk of quality service to the public. Risk last caused by factors of human resources that are owned and operational organizations such as keterbatan office facilities. The risk that there will be no impact on the achievement of the mission and goals of these institutions, and the emergence of mistrust from the public.

Risk is not believed to be avoided. With regard to the public sector, which demands transparency and enhanced performance with the limited funds available, the risks faced by the government institutions will be growing and growing. Therefore, the understanding of the risks can be keniscayaan to determine the priority strategies and programs in the achievement of organizational goals.

Risk can be reduced and even removed through risk management. The role of risk management can be expected to anticipate the fast changing environment, develop corporate governance, to optimize the preparation of strategic management, to secure resources and assets owned organization, and reduce reactive decision making from top management.

According to COSO, risk management (risk management) can be interpreted as' a process, effected by an entity's Board of Directors, management and the other at present, Applied in strategy setting and across the enterprise, Designed to identify potential events that may affect the entity , Manage the risk to be within its risk appetite, and provide reasonable assurance regarding the Achievement of entity objectives. '[4] definition of risk management described above can be further based on the keywords as follows:

- On going process

Risk management is continuously implemented and monitored regularly. Risk management is not an activity that is done occasionally (one-time event).

- Effected by people

Risk management is determined by the parties that are in the environmental organization. Government institutions for the environment, risk management articulated by leaders and officials institution / department concerned.

- Applied in setting strategy

Risk management has been developed since the formulation of the strategy of the organization by the top management of the organization. With the use of risk management, strategy prepared with the adjusted risk faced by each section / unit of the organization.

- Applied across the enterprise

Strategies that have been selected based on the risk management applied in the operational activities, and covers all parts / units in the organization. Given the risk of each part is different, then the implementation of risk management based on the determination of risk by each section.

- Designed to identify potential events

Risk management is designed to identify events or situations that potentially disturb the attainment of organizational goals.

- Provide reasonable assurance

The risk is managed properly and will provide reasonable assurance that the activities and services by the organization can run optimally.

- Geared to achieve objectives

Risk management is expected to become guidelines for the organization in achieving its goals.

REFERENCES

Chapman, Christy. Bringing ERM into Focus. Internal Auditor, June 2003

Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. What is COSO: Background and Events Leading to the Internal Control-Integrated Framework. 1992

Darmawi, Herman. Risk Management. Earth script, 2005.

Simmons, Mark. COSO Based Auditing. The Internal Auditor, December 1997

The Institute of Internal auditors. Internal C

Vaughan, Emmet. Fundamentals of Risk and Insurance. 2nd, John Willey, 1978

10 Commandments of Management Towards Success!

2008-11-13T01:37:00.000-08:00

Usually combine some management skills, approach and understanding of both the professional artists, vendors, inventor, thought, He, wiraswastawan, planners, counselors, pengkotbah, pendekar, diplomatic, service, negotiator, leader, and philosopher. Manager is the boss, colleagues, colleague, subordinate, teachers, students, mentor, role model, and the students.

10 following the management-related individuals and companies and relationships with other individuals.

Earnings (profit) and return on capital (return on investment)
Both short and long term management is a deity who accompany you from the arid land mediokritas, bankruptcy and liquidation, to exit from the failure.

Remember high pillars in the management of superior
The need to carefully planning, consideration and decision of a healthy, and monitoring the implementation of the decisions and operation of the careful and creative, and concern for the employees and the results, which are based on management skills and management style of one class. These skills include planning, organizing, preparing the staff, decision making, budgeting, innovation, communication, representation, control, guidance and motivation, personal relationships.

Become a noose that diteladani
To become a model, you can not be forsworn, to be loyal, and do not foul to your colleagues, especially to the company or the profession.

Respect superiors and colleagues
Honor them, the better your mentor, your supervisors, our you, your subordinates, and colleagues-kolegas you. So you will be more durable in the company, rank, and executive positions. You will be respected as a loyal individual.

Can not begrudge
You can not envy the position, salary, companies, offices, staff, resources or colleagues or your competitors. But learn from them and from the circumstances so that you can go forward and win in the struggle to rise more quickly.

Do not submit a false witness
Do not incidentally to submit false witness against them in or outside the company. You also can not menfitnah, profane, memutarbalikan fact-intregitas personal, professional. Organizational should also are high.

Not steal, corrupt, or bribed
This means you can not receive various gifts given as anticipated help now or in the future, can not falsify records, results or hide the facts or figures or security test and test performance. Once you do, you tamatlah history.

Do not kill new ideas
If you kill a new idea, you also kill the innovative approach or approaches do not always, to kill the action to leave the status quo or question the status quo, but it should encourage the questioning attitude, creative attitude, attitude dare to take risks, and innovative attitude.

Can not leave the feelings of humanity
You also accused sensitive and concerned about the other people, organizations, communities and nations. Whatever the level of success in your organization, you should be able to see yourself in the mirror in your relationship with the main role as a human being.

Do not stop fight
Until whenever you never stop struggling. This is useful to achieve the perfection of yourself, colleagues, your colleagues and your organization in various aspects of art and science of management.

Now, the 10 commandments of the above can be applied in diinterprestasikan and narrow or wide depending on the situation, organizations and individuals involved. The commands provide guidelines and regulations to regulations in the face of the complexity and challenges, opportunities, and the satisfaction of the management of modern time now. So if you want success, not a 10 obey the commands on the management.

REFERENCES

http://www.gsn-soeki.com/wouw/a000008.php

Management and leadership, what actual difference the second term?

2008-11-13T01:36:00.000-08:00

Two words, the management and leadership very often we hear. Sometimes a word that often means we persamakan. When we see a company that is developing we often say, “good management there.” Sometimes we say, “I am sure the leadership there definitely good.”

However, management said the surge in daily life. When you want to criticize the university a bad performance, you said “the management of universities that are not proficient.” When you talk of tax amburadul, you said, “tax management in the country’s poor.”

Currently we are living with full-term volley that many, all of which related to the management .. Benchmarking, the balance score card, intrapreneuring, Empowerment, business process Reengineering, and the terms exotic (but definitely English) that engulf our organization.

Unfortunately, we so often “plucky” using the word is foreign. From the empowerment, we talk more stability Empowerment. From the talk of customer relationship where we say, customer intimacy, or even just a customer relationship.

However, there are interesting phenomena, even though we often say the management of various terms, we often do not know the exact meaning of the word. Often the term management that we hear from other people, because they feel gallant, and then said to be “vocabulary” our day-to-day, without ever we know from the literature which is the source of the term management.

When we berakrab the more-familiar with the various terms, to “return to” we replace the term into the language of Indonesia. Management we translate into management, leadership and a leadership.

What the actual difference between “intrinsic” between management and leadership? Please read on …

Various experts have opinions on various management and leadership that .. One explanation is that easily understood from Stephen Covey.

If we are this will open the forest to forest exploration results, the leaders will say, “Good, from information and consideration, I decided forests on the slopes of the hills that we should Cutting first.” As a leader he explain which parts that must be explored .

Once the leaders explain that the forest which must be opened, it’s time the role of management regulations. The manager will think of ways, tools, the most effective method to open the forest. Perhaps they will use electric chainsaws, may be using chainsaws long as medannya difficult, or even they will be around to find that easy to slit open the forest is.
Can you distinguish the current management and leadership? Leadership is determining the direction, while the management tries to realize that the former can be achieved. Management more concerned about the selection method, the ways that goal can be achieved effectively. That was the concept of management and leadership from Covey.

Warren Bennis, a specialist leadership and management, popular, with the smart said, “Leaders subdue the situation. Perhaps the situation is a mess, confusing, surprising and even challenging us and we can be silent if we allow the situation to worsen progressively. Manager, or management? Manager surrender on the circumstances. Management means managing, while the leadership, menginovasi. Manager is spurious, while the leader is authentic. Management to keep things, develop leaders matters. Management focuses on systems and structure, while leadership focuses on the people “

My own opinion? Key is the influence of leadership. He do, act, work to influence people to want to move toward the direction that has been declared. Curiously, the leadership said if successful people and then moving forward and assume their goal was to be their perjuangkan and tired.

Why do we always say that The Great General Sudirman rendered that he led the guerrilla war. Physically, he is not very convincing. How can convince? He cough-cough, sore lungs are serious and must ditandu. The story is not gallant, he was a teacher. Can you imagine a war hero who had penyakitan. Lariskah war movies such as Rambo of Rambo if it was not going to be?

Then, why he can manipulate soldiers, and the people to fight? Influence. How can we not be, Since we had to fight, while the sick-sickly never tired of continually spirited fight, even the pain that seems not able to prevent violent juangnya spirit that never slack?

Why do not we say Sudirman effective management? Clearly not. In addition, it may not yet known when the term management, the fighter felt that they led by General great. Research shows that when people are in that situation a mess, not safe, not stabilized, they need leaders, not management. I discussed it in length in the Transformational Leadership: Breakthrough New Leaders Becoming Excellence

So when you served as a leader, never forget your duty to influence your subordinates. Bring them to “embrace” the goal that you canangkan as if they own property. Describe the real “pleasure” or “suffered a loss” if the destination is reached.

Anything we do, including in the areas of management, had not been separated from the previous two factors, namely pursue pleasure, joy, and avoid difficult, or sting. When can you describe the future that can cause pleasure, and the pleasure was so “razz”, the employee will tend to struggle toward that goal.

For example, a company where you work two years longer want to go public. “To be able to go public companies must gain three years continuously. So that the profit can now return, followed by two years in the future, as a leader you promise to “distribute” some shares to management and employee groups that achievement.

Of course, you can make the criteria of how the definition of “risk” is. You then how much money they will receive if the stock is “sweet bestseller” in the capital markets. If management and employee believe that the ideals that it can be implemented, they will struggle to print more profit in the future.

Conversely, to encourage management and employee groups that do not “careless, careless,” you can invite them sengsaranya imagine how they live if the company continued loss. Something eventually will be declared bankrupt. If the bankruptcy, will lay a large-scale, and prove the fact, it is very difficult to find a job. Your message clearly, if management and employees do not improve performance by working hard and smart, the future will be very dark.

Note again the key, when you are telling the future, should be told in life, thank dramatic. Research proves that the teller will be able to bring employees to see the picture so alive, so real, and it can coerce employees into the future.

William Stewart, (Carter-Scott, 1994), an alumni of the Naval Academy who is a Vietnam war veteran took the opinion of the management says, “There are differences expertise accused the military in the world. When the situation peacefully, for example, you will be successful if you know how to apply management. However, when the war, you will only be successful if you are able to lead. Management expertise you that effective, do not you too can apply in the war. What is needed is the ability to lead. “Now this has become a Steward of successful lawyers in the United States.

When you learn management, you always occur by Henry Fayol. He, in the year 1916 introduced the concept of a management plan, organize, instruct and supervise. When people ask him, what the tasks of a dirut? POSDCORB answer. That is the continuation of planning, Organizing, staffing, directing, Coordinating, reporting and budgeting. He raised the terms of the 1930. Acronym management is concise and easy to remember.

In fact, however, it is often done by the leaders, even the top leaders. They do a lot more management. Seems enough to run with the functions of the management they will be able to bring the company win the competition. Drawing only management but clearly not enough. They must lead.

From my observations, quite often a director of the “diligent” work and wrestle with the budget. Even the day-to-day affairs often is passed to the management, which should be done by the manajernya. As a result, the director of the lead and then forget their duties. Consequently, the organization is not moving, stagnant, and employees always ask, “Will in which to possibly take this company …”

That is the case in which the leaders confusion differentiate the functions of leadership and management.

One big difference between leadership and management is on intuition. There is a specialist who says with confidence, “When you start utilizing your intuition, so that when you have stepped into leaders. If you are still more focused on data collection, data analysis, and take decisions, you are a manager “

Why intuition so important? Because information is now so it is opened. In the United States alone, in 1997 issued 2,000 business and management books every year. If you want to follow every idea that management, and take one week to read a book to finish, then you take 38 years. (52 books a year, 10 years, 520 books, 2000 book = 38 years). Asumsinya that you want to read every business and management books published in there every day. Once you’re finished, you have missed the 38 years of the new information listed in the book business and the management.

That new book, not the magazine management, management journals, newsletters, television programs in business, the company’s periodic reports. Clearly, we “drowned” in the ocean of information. What to do? Choose only read books that category are “the best”.

Because such information is usually outside, then clearly not enough to consider everything when you will decide a business initiatives. When that intuition is to help leaders. If you want to read more about intusi information, management, you can read here.

Okay, that’s my only comment about the differences in management and leadership, do not forget to read the articles in the management of this web. You will be relieved when you read various articles on this website.

REFERENCES

By: DR. Dwi Suryanto (www.pemimpin-unggul.com)

DR. Dwi Suryanto, Ph.D. is the author’s book Transformational Leadership: Breakthrough New Leaders Becoming Excellence. He was a consultant, trainer and motivator who is able to turn the atmosphere of working meetings a cloudless atmosphere, responses, and to bring changes to the participants …

What Is Reached Peak Performance Derived from the generation of Atlantis or Alien?

2008-11-13T01:28:00.000-08:00

Who is the first pyramid builders? Pharaoh Djoser. Kenalkah you with these names: Rembrant van Rijn, Marie Curie, Gabriel García Márquez, Oprah?

No doubt, they are pencapai peak performances. People then ask, what is the secret severity they?

There are a marvel to think that they can not be imitated because they ‘drop’ from the people of the Continent of Atlantis lost. There was conjecture that they are people from outer space (Alien) the ‘body’ and life on earth to earth …

They even linking the pencapai peak performance with the Indian people in the Inca Peru, or the builders of Stonehenge (giant rocks) in the UK, or even including them in the modern elite group that now controls the world this …

If we see them as people who are super descendants of ‘race’ is great, then not much we can do to emulate their achievements.

But experts observe that they were ‘only’ normal people like us. But different, they have to learn to live and work with full enthusiasm and ‘appetite’. They choose the field that is really fun and they continue to persevere so super performance …

When they are so ‘terbuai’ in their work, as if they drowned in the circumstances that called ‘flow’. At that time, the time seems not to move. They ‘terbius’ and seems not aware of the situation around them. Question, whether the conditions’ Trance ‘because of the influence of Alien? Or they ingest food or drink certain? How can they achieve such conditions?

Is a psychologist Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (hard to remember the name …) learn that the flow situation in the book ‘Flow: The Psychology of Optimal Experience. “

He describes the flow as’ circumstances in which such persons are involved, terbetot, in the event that other important activities that feels like. Experience is enjoying the world such, enjoy it so that people will do so again, even if you must pay or working hard, only to repeat the experience was … ‘

So the pencapai achievement was reaching a peak flow is not certain because the substance or influenced by supernatural beings, but they do so because of the activities that challenge, excite, and there are ‘enjoying the world’ …

Although people think that to achieve peak performance more because of talent, or even because of their origin from outside the space, there are some researchers who try to reveal their secret of success. Although their ideas are often ‘be ridiculed by the scientific community, we discovery of their …

The researchers dimotori by the Work & Family Institute, in Virginia, USA, found that those who are at risk because they have top quality in the vision, focus, values, lust, emotional intelligence, balance, and perseverance.
Vision

The people of the great achievement because they have a vision. Vision here means they can see a picture of what they want. In daily life, they can ’see’ picture as if they are successful in their work. They can feel how the picture could eventually reached. When they relax, they draw breath, and when it was the ideal picture would appear to ’slit-slit’ mind them. This is also the ‘motor’ and ‘gasoline’ that the spirit of them.

Without vision, they felt no energy. They feel life has no direction, less able to encourage them to move forward …

Vision is unique for them. They have a vision because they are not the people. They find themselves vision, and vision that made it owns, and always played as often as possible in living. As a result, such a vision is clear, clean, and able to support their struggle to realize the vision.
Focus

The second pillar of peak performance is the focus. When the vision of a picture about what will happen when implementing the vision, focus and energy focusing attention on activities that achieve the vision. When they focus, it is not too frivolous fry them pay attention. Clearly, many things that they can not do. They may not be careless, careless, such as other people. Maybe they can not distribute other hobbies, or even time for their families is very limited.

Life is choices. But once they set the options in accordance with their vision, they direct attention, such as magnifying glass (glass to catch sunlight) capable of burning paper … Even as they focus laser is able to penetrate the steel …

So when you want to achieve peak performance, learn to focus, even though you may have to leave the hobby and enjoyment of your other contracts, including watching television ..
Tata Value

Wholesaler has a peak performance of the value of their own grasp firmly. Usually they do not bother other people throughout the opinion that they do right by them.

They were more words to dedicate their hearts. This is indeed a secret peak performance. When you want to achieve peak performance and just hear the babble of people, the steps you will often obstructed. How also as any you will be many people who do not like the performance you. They will be happy with the criticism that can throw you weaken. Therefore, the ‘thick mukalah’ for this one. Do not pay attention criticized them …
Fervent passion

That is why it is important for the wholesaler to determine the peak of activity and vision that can make them skittish. Clearly it is not only a problem of money. They consider their vision as lamps, candles, a torch and warm-hearted spirit of them. They are not fed-jemunya think, meditate, and told they desire.

When they talked about their activities, listen to how they depict the full appetite, full of passion. This is also why they often do not feel tired that usually accompany a job. How can chicken, did not release something that favors passionless, which flow?
Emap intelligence

Emotional intelligence is the fifth pillar of peak performance. This is the expertise in the form of alert, wary of emotional self, able to manage the emotions themselves, have the emotional sensitivity to other people, and have social skills.

This emotional intelligence, according to many research more important for success than someone just IQ. There is indeed think that it’s a condition that we can live in nature. As human beings are social, human need other people. Because always associative and requires other people, the ability to mingle, manage emotions, the right to manage anger, empathy becomes important.

When the peak performance of the device are ‘down’ they can rewind a moment, relax and then rose again with the emotions that have tersegarkan. Because they are not easy to despair, the only reasonable if they can reach peak performance.
Balance

Wholesaler peak performance, based on the experience of his life, aware that the nature of this, running everything balanced. There are day, no night, no men, no women, no work no rest.

So when the body starts to ‘tell’ rest, they rest. They do not impose their body and mind in the tense conditions. They rest because it’s the natural rhythm.

They are also involved in other areas so that their lives are balanced. They were involved in spirituality, family, sports, relaxation, etc.. Essentially, they realized that without balance, their life will be a mess. They generally find it because the experience of their lives …
Perseverance

Although they also rest, but they remain diligent struggle to realize their dreams. They realize that if they continue to try, the chance for success is also greater. They also learn that the achievement of the peak That world is the result of the diligence that is not equal. Wall of China was built hundreds of years, which includes the various generations. Wall was able to survive until now because the results of perseverance people of China in the period.

REFERENCES

By: DR. Dwi Suryanto (www.pemimpin-unggul.com)

DR. Dwi Suryanto, Ph.D. is the author’s book Transformational Leadership: Breakthrough New Leaders Becoming Excellence. He was a consultant, trainer and motivator who is able to turn the atmosphere of working meetings a cloudless atmosphere, responses, and to bring changes to the participants …

Definition Of Management

2008-10-29T23:20:00.001-07:00

CHAPTER I
DEFINITION OF MANAGEMENT

A. Management Definition
The verb Manage comes from the Italian maneggiare (to handle — especially a horse), which in turn derives from the Latin manus (hand). The French word mesnagement (later ménagement) influenced the development in meaning of the English word management in the 17th and 18th centuries.
According to some expert :
Mary Parker Follett
Mary Parker Follett (1868–1933), who wrote on the topic in the early twentieth century, defined management as "the art of getting things done through people". One can also think of management functionally, as the action of measuring a quantity on a regular basis and of adjusting some initial plan; or as the actions taken to reach one's intended goal. This applies even in situations where planning does not take place. From this perspective, Frenchman Henri Fayol considers management to consist of five functions.[1]
Ø planning
Ø organizing
Ø leading
Ø co-ordinating
Ø controlling

James A.F Stoner
Management is process of planning, organizational, observation and guidance of effort all organizational member and usage of resource, other organizational to be reaching the target of organization which have been specified.[2]

1. Planning is selection / stipulating of the target of organization.
2. Organization is determination of resource ; and activity ; required to reach the target of organization.
3. Organization is determination of resource ; activity and ; organization of goals the reach to required.
4. Observation is applying and invention of[is way of and equipments to guarantee that plan have been executed matching with the one which have been specified.
Management is comprises planning, organizing, resourcing, leading or directing, and controlling process an organization (a group of one or more people or entities) or effort for the purpose of accomplishing a goal. Resourcing encompasses the deployment and manipulation of human resources, financial resources, technological resources, and natural resources. Management can also refer to the person or people who perform the act(s) of management.[3]

B. Basic Functions of Management

Management operates through various functions, often classified as planning, organizing, leading/motivating and controlling.
Planning: deciding what needs to happen in the future (today, next week, next month, next year, over the next five years, etc.) and generating plans for action.

Planning is both the organizational process of creating and maintaining a plan; and the psychological process of thinking about the activities required to create a desired future on some scale. As such, it is a fundamental property of intelligent behaviour. This thought process is essential to the creation and refinement of a plan, or integration of it with other plans, that is, it combines forecasting of developments with the preparation of scenarios of how to react to them.
The term is also used to describe the formal procedures used in such an endeavor, such as the creation of documents, diagrams, or meetings to discuss the important issues to be addressed, the objectives to be met, and the strategy to be followed. Beyond this, planning has a different meaning depending on the political or economic context in which it is used.

Organizing: making optimum use of the resources required to enable the successful carrying out of plans Or Organizing is the act of rearranging elements following one or more rules. It can also be seen as the opposite of messing up.
One organized opposite could be disordered, since ordered is almost synonymous. The difference between ordered and organized is that something is only ordered as long as it is both organized and standardized.

Leading/Motivating: exhibiting skills in these areas for getting others to play an effective part in achieving plans.
Controlling: monitoring -- checking progress against plans, which may need modification based on feedback.

[1] Wikipedia.com, http://en.wikipedia/wiki/management
[2] James A.F.Stoner, Management, Jilid 1 Ed-kedua, Erlangga; Jakarta, 1986, page., 8-9
[3] Wikipedia.com, Op cit, wiki

Definition Management

2008-10-29T23:17:00.000-07:00

Many people have to give meaning to the term scientific management or management of this, start a simple up with a detailed understanding. Some understanding that can dikutipkan as follows.
Management is the process of decision-making.
This is the most simple definition. A more complete definition given by Federick Winslow Taylor, namely:
An experiment that seriously to face any problems that arise in the company's leadership (and other organizations) or any human system in cooperation with the attitude and spirit and a degree by using the tools of analysis, measurement, testing and verification.
Below are some definitions of management, according to experts.

Ensyclopedia of social sciences

Management is the process pelakasanaan achievement of specific goals held by supervision.
Georgy Terry
Management is the achievement of specific goals with the help of others.

James A.F long in management books:
Management (management) is the process of planning, organizing, leading and mengendalikanpekerjaan members of the organization and use semuasumber power oraganisasi to achieve certain goals that have been set. [1]
Many more definition given by other experts, but the way the public has almost the same, and if there is a difference, the difference is due to the weight of the different views. From the above definition, probably will have to deduce what the actual management of it.

From the above definition, can be described activities or functions of this management. From the various management functions described by many experts, both above and the other. It was found in the variations because of the way to see the different management activities. However, if direnung and function than the one with the other through understanding, understanding or sis activities, according to the version of each expert.
Management Function
There are several classifications of management functions, according to some experts.

Dylan:
1. Planning,
2. Organizing,
3. Lead,
4. Control.
Terry:
1. Planning,
2. Organizing,
3. Implementation,
4. Control.
Fayol:
1. Planning,
2. Organizing,
3. Directions,
4. Coordinating,
5. Control.
And more opinions of other experts on the management function. When examined, the functions of the management tertsebut, each member always has the same view in the case:
Planning
Organizing, and
Control, or supervision.
Differences in their respective experts on the management function is located on the functions outside the above three functions, namely those concerning the implementation in the field. [2]
Process Management
The process is a systematic way that is defined in the conduct of activities or in activities. We refer to the management as a process to emphasize that all managers, talent or their particular skills, involved in activities related to each other to achieve a goal that they want.

1. The process of planning (Planning)
Planning is a process mentapkan goals or objectives and actions necessary to achieve the goal (goal) is.

2. Organizing (Facilitate)
Facilitate the process employs two or more people to work together in ways structured to achieve specific goals or targets in some other words to allocate work, authority and resources among member organizations, so that they can achieve their goals.

3. Leading (Lead)
Leads are driving the process and affect the activity or motivate employees associated with the work of members of groups or entire organizations.

4. Controlling (Control)
Control is a process to ensure that activities in accordance with the actual activities are planned in the sense that a manager must be confident that the actions carried out by members of the organization truly propel the organization towards that goal has been formulated. This is a function of management, and involve various elements:
Setting a standard performance;
Measuring the performance of the current;
Compare this with the performance standards are set and
Take corrective action when there is a deviation detected [3]

The nature of the Interactive Process Management
Lead
The fifth
Manager lead, influence, checkers motivate employees to perform the important task
Control
Part to six
Manager ensure that the organization reach the goal to move the organization
M'ORGANISASIKAN
To the four
Managers manage and allocate work, authority and resources to achieve the target organization
Plan
(Part of the three)
Managers use the logic and method to reflect the targets and actions
Literature:
Dylan, James A.F., Freeman, R. Edward., Gilbert JR., Daniel R, Management, Volume I-language edition of Indonesia: Jakarta, PT.Prenhallindo, 1996
Heidjrachman R., Basics of Management, Yogyakarta: upp AMP YKPN, 1990

[1] long, Freeman, Gilbert JR., Management, PT. Prenhallindo, Jakarta.1996 hal.7
[2] R. Heidjrachman, Basics of Management, AMP upp YKNP, 1990 hal.4-5
[3] Loc-Cit, hal.12

Project Management for IT

2008-10-29T23:01:00.000-07:00

At one company decided to purchase information technology products, processes, the next is to create a
project to start implementation of the decision. In the travel information technology project, a
we form delays and delays often occur. Not only in the large-scale projects, but also scale
small and medium. Loss of business will be very large if the delay and delay progress
long. Project management of information technology is a good answer from these uncertainties. With
the application of information technology, project management, quality and reliability of the products will be increased, the cost will be
can be pressed, and financial control more baik.Training and workshops for 2 days and discuss these matters
vital in the information technology, project management, to get optimum results from the implementation of the project
information technology in the company. For the implementation of some of the workshops, participants can use their own laptop.
Oultine
Day 1:
- Processes that exist in the information technology project management
- Triple constraint information technology project and the fulfillment of the target for the third constraint
the success of the project on information technology
- Framework of the project management of information technology as a guide for the planning and implementation
Job: Function main function of supporting
- Context and the process of project management and relationship with LifeCycle Project and Product LifeCycle
- Integration Project Management, the initial steps of project management for planning, implementation
and control changes from the project (change control)
Day 2:
- Project scope management, which is the basis for the management of all the steps that must be done
for the successful implementation of the project
- Project time management, as the basis of estimates of time of project implementation and ensure the implementation of the project
timely
- Project cost management, consisting of the preparation and management of the project budget
- Project quality management, to ensure the quality of the results of the project in accordance with the expectations and needs
project stakeholders

IT Portfolio Management

2008-10-29T22:19:00.000-07:00

IT portfolio management is the application of systematic management to large classes of items managed by enterprise Information Technology (IT) capabilities. Examples of IT portfolios would be planned initiatives, projects, and ongoing IT services (such as application support). The promise of IT portfolio management is the quantification of previously mysterious IT efforts, enabling measurement and objective evaluation of investment scenarios.

Debates exist on the best way to measure value of IT investment. As pointed out by Jeffery and Leliveld (2004) [1], companies have spent billions of dollars into IT investment and yet the headlines of mis-spent money are not uncommon. Nicholas Carr (2003) has caused significant controversy in IT industry and academia by positioning IT as an expense similar to utilities such as electricity.

IT portfolio management started with a project-centric bias, but is evolving to include steady-state portfolio entries such as application maintenance and support, which consume the bulk of IT spending. The challenge for including application maintenance and support in portfolios is that IT budgets tend not to track these efforts at a sufficient level of granularity for effective financial tracking.[2]

The concept is analogous to financial portfolio management, but there are significant differences. IT investments are not liquid, like stocks and bonds (although investment portfolios may also include illiquid assets), and are measured using both financial and non-financial yardsticks (for example, a balanced scorecard approach); a purely financial view is not sufficient.

Financial portfolio assets typically have consistent measurement information (enabling accurate and objective comparisons), and this is at the base of the concept’s usefulness in application to IT. However, achieving such universality of measurement is going to take considerable effort in the IT industry. (See Val IT.)

IT Portfolio management is distinct from IT financial management in that it has an explicitly directive, strategic goal in determining what to continue investing in versus what to divest from.

At its most mature, IT Portfolio management is accomplished through the creation of three portfolios:
Application Portfolio - Management of this portfolio focuses on comparing spending on established systems based upon their relative value to the organization. The comparison can be based upon the level of contribution in terms of IT investment’s profitability. Additionally, this comparison can also be based upon the non-tangible factors such as organizations’ level of experience with a certain technology, users’ familiarity with the applications and infrastructure, and external forces such as emergence of new technologies and obsolesce of old ones.
Project Portfolio - This type of portfolio management specially address the issues with spending on the development of innovative capabilities in terms of potential ROI and reducing investment overlaps in situations where reorganization or acquisition occurs. The management issues with the second type of portfolio management can be judged in terms of data cleanliness, maintenance savings, suitability of resulting solution and the relative value of new investments to replace these projects.
Resource Portfolio Management - RPM involves analyzing and forecasting the talent that companies need to execute their business strategy, proactively rather than reactively, it is a critical strategic activity, enabling the organization to identify, develop and sustain the workforce skills it needs to successfully accomplish its strategic intent while balancing career and lifestyle goals of its employees. RPM helps control labor costs, assess talent needs, make informed business decisions, and assess talent market risks as part of overall enterprise risk management. RPM's chief goal is helping companies make sure they have the right people in the right place at the right time and at the right price.

Information Technology portfolio management as a systematic discipline is more applicable to larger IT organizations; in smaller organizations its concerns might be generalized into IT planning and governance as a whole.

[1] Wikipedia.com, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IT_Portfolio_Management

IT Strategic Plan

2008-10-28T01:42:00.000-07:00

IT Strategic Plan - ITSP, such as the name of the strategy include the development of IT in the strategic level. On how a company will be utilizing the IT supporting company achieve its vision and mission of their organization. There are 3 main things that usually become part of this document, namely: IS / IT management strategy, business strategies and IT IS strategy. IS / IT management strategy specifically working in the elements of any strategy that becomes public that can be applied in an organization, and ensure consistency. Business is poverty, in general, explains on how each unit will be functional organsisasi use IT as one of the main target their business. IT Strategy and explain the policies and strategies and management of public resource management technology. One thing that became characteristic of the ITSP is the time period between application to the next 8-10 years. And this document is the document business, not IT documents.

IT Master Plan - ITMP, this document has a term of 3-5 years between implementation. And this document is a document in general IT, although still contains many aspects of business. Contents of this document are as follows:

1. The context of the IT business - the general views of the business aspects of an IT organization
2. Business processes - explain and compare best practices in the industry related to business processes that have been there.
3. Application Architecture - explains in detail the use of applications in every business process.
4. Technical Architecture & Infrastructure - explains in detail the strategy of the IT architecture as infrastructure support business operations.
5. High Level Spending Plan - what other similar organizations to develop their IT budget, and what can be done by related organizations.
6. IT Organization - the development of strategies IT organization

Some other themes that other supporters include is usually supplied, IT Audit, IT Governance, IT Security and IT Process.

IT Plan Details - ITDP, not as 2 previous document, this document is to focus on the action Plans, the IT development plan in the coming 1-2 years. This document is absolutely still in the development framework that has been directed in detail ITMP and ITSP. ITDP generally contain many business case in the form of overview and explanation of the play strategy development related to the business case.

Back to the client at the beginning of my last note, they intend to draw up action plans a maximum of 3 years to plan future development of their IT. And because the scope of their business and unis that national, ITDP is vital. Also, because of the assistance fund in one of the United States government agencies.

I would like more information about the methodology, the preparation of the third document? There are several good books for the academic who became a guide, namely:

1. Anita Casidy - A Practical Guide to Information Systems Strategic Planning
2. John Ward & Joe Peppard - Strategic Planning for Information Systems.

In both books there is no separation in explisit from ITSP - ITMP - ITDP, but the methodology used in both books is very solid in helping us understand how these documents were prepared. The separation occurred because it is ideal if deemed aspects of implementation.

Management Process

2008-10-28T01:40:00.000-07:00

Process:
The program is being run or the software that is being implemented, including the operating system organized into a number of sequential process.

The basic concept of:
1. Multiprogramming
Establishing a process alternates in a very quick time / same time (the hardware level). Each process has a virtual CPU.
2. Pseudoparallelism
Conducting more than one job in the same time / pseudoparallelism (user level).

The model:
1. Sequential Process / alternate
2. Multiprogramming
3. Switching the CPU  procedures in the transition process 1 to process the other.

The concept of each process have 1 virtual CPU, but the reality is multiprogramming. It will be easier to assume that the collection process run in parallel.

Description:
a. multiprogramming for 4 programs in memory
b. conceptual model for 4 independent process, sequential
c. only 1 program is active in 1 time = pseudoparalel

Hierarchy Process
Calling the process by another process called parallel. Operating system provides what is needed by the process. Generally, the process created and removed during the operation lasted.

1. Create & Destroy Process
Operating system that supports the concept of the process, should provide a way to (create) the process and eliminate (Destroy) process.
2. Fork System Call
Mechanism to create (create) a process that is identical with the process that call.
Example:
Parent -> children
->children -> children
->children
In UNIX, parent and child process running in parallel.
In DOS, parent and child process running alternately (sequential). For example: MSDOS as a parent and program applications as a child.

Process scheduler for the execution process

Status of the 3 / the state of the process:
1. Running / work, really use the CPU at that time (instructions are in the process of executing it).
2. Blocked / stopped, can not walk up to an external activities involved (the accident waiting to complete its work)
Can be a process of waiting: the completion of operating the device I / O; Availability of memory; arrival message answers
3. Ready / ready, the process is done, but ready to wait another turn with a process that is being done (can walk, stop temporarily to allow other process is done)

Transitional Status

1. The process in the block to serve as the input of resources that are not yet available / ask the service I / O wait until incidents occur.
2. Scheduling take the other.
3. Scheduling take this process (new).
4. Input has been available.

Implementation Process:

To model the process, the operating system using a table / array called the table with 1 per-entry process.
Each entry contains about: the status process, the program counter, stack pointer, memory allocation, the status of the files, information schedulling / scheduling information, etc. from the status of work to ready status.
Interupsi: Work on the processor a process stopped by pensaklaran context.
Pensaklaran context: changes in the activities of the processor to process that occurs between the system / application process
Context: the processor to the case, comes from the operating system, language system and system utilities.
Block control the process: a memory to record the state of the process, which is divided into areas where each region to record different information.

2 interruptions in the processor:

Interruptions directly

Derived from outside the processor (peripheral / tool send a signal to the processor to request services)

Ask interruptions / Polling

Derived from the processor (the processor in turns to check whether there are peripherals that require services or not)

Interupsi-in can enable and disable depending on the level.
The interruptions can come from:
Program, the program has been designed in a certain part will happen pensaklaran context, that causes interruptions, for example, when the use of tools / processor alternates.
Processors, the processor can generate its own interruption, the normal process arithmetic and logic. If melampoi size patch registers in the processor, then there will be a mistake menginterupsi own work and submit a control processor on the operating system. For example, the division of the number zero.
Unit of control, the task to implement the interruption is located on the control unit, so that the control unit can generate interruptions. For example, confusion instructions
Key time / clock, using the interruption periodic. For example, the program anahammad the infinite, diinterupsi on the lapse of time every 60 seconds.
Peripheral I / O, I / O will work if you let the processor with the processor interruptions and also when the work is completed or when the error occurred parity.
Memory, because the error occurred, for example, when the processor wants to reach the address of the memory is located outside the expanse of memory address.
other resources, for instance, raised by the service computer system that understands how interruptions.

Interupsi vector: Contains procedures address service interruptions
Revenue interruptions and interruptions necessary: sometimes rejected by the interruption processor or interruptions that come not only one that required priority.

Follow-up interruptions:
1. Organized interruptions / Interrupt handlers
if the interruption occurs, the control processor submitted to the interruptions in the system’s operation, it’s interruption is conducting interruptions.
a. Instructions are processed by the processor left to complete the program.
b. Organized interruptions record all the information to process control block in the process.
c. Organized interruptions to identify the type and origin of interruptions.
d. Organized interruptions to take action in accordance with the definition interruptions.
e. Organized interruptions prepare everything for the resumption of the process diinterupsi.
2. Organized wrong / error handlers
namely interruptions because of confusion on the part of the process and the processing of the operating system up activities resulting’s mistake is misleading.
a. Recovery, the computer has been equipped with a password error discovery and recovery, for example, have been equipped with a password so that when Hamming find the password will correct the mistake error, the process is restored to original form before the error occurred.
b. Repetition, set the process in order to generate the interruption mistakenly re-done, if the error can be solved then the process will take place as usual, if you do not feel the interruptions will tread the follow-up out of the process.
c. Exit from the process,’s blunder prepare mistaken view news from the monitor, the processor out of the process, this is the last action can not be helped if the process is wrong.

Follow-up interruptions, according to Peterson & Silberschatz:

Description:
1. Completed
The program implemented by the processor has finished so that the transfer of the control process to a new job / new command because the process is done by the processor has been completed.
2. Misrepresentation
If the error is displayed, and the control processor is the next in command.
3. Demand is not the tool of I / O
After the interruption was completed, the control processor returned to the original process, for example, periodic interruptions.
4. Demand from the tool I / O
After the interruption was completed, the control processor returned to the previous process, but sometimes the processor intervene in the working tools of I / O control of the process so that the original, does not take place immediately / waiting.
5. Completed from the instrument I / O
After the interruption was finished and finished signs note, the control processor returned to the original. Usually tool for I / O is not diikut campuri by the processor.

Catt:
1 & 2 does not restore the processor to process the terinterupsi, while
3,4,5 restore the processor to process the terinterupsi.

Step-by-step operating system at the time of the interruption:
1. hardware enter the program counter, dl.l.
to enter the stack in the census program
2. Hardware load (load) of the program counter of the new vector interrupsi
3. Procedure language assembled to save the contents of the register
4. Procedure language assembled set a new stack
5. Procedure C to mark the service is ready (ready)
6. Scheduler / scheduling process of determining which roads will be next
7. Procedure C back to the mode of language assembled
8. Procedure language assembled begin the process of being implemented.

Inter-process communication
(Inter Process Communinication / IPC):

Some of the process usually communicate with other processes.
For example in the shell pipe line: the output of the process must first be given to the process to two and so on.
In some operating systems, processes that often work together sharing (shared) storage media, a process which can read and write on the shared storage (main memory or files)

The problem - a problem in the IPC:

Race Condition:
A condition where two or more processes to access the shared memory / data at the same time, and the end result is not in accordance with the desired
Example COULD’VE Condition:

Print spooler
Example: a collection of data that will be in print.
Spooler directory
process A -> check of the input slot is empty (7) to print data and a stop
Interupsi … … …
process B -> the data will be put in print in the empty slot (7) and stop (the slot is empty the next 7 1 =
: the processor to process other
process A -> resumed  data will be put in print in the slot (7), so to overwrite the data process B that is placed in the slot (7)
The process B will not be implemented, and will not be detected in error.

To avoid race conditions, it must be regulated so that the 2-critical process that has the same section does not enter the critical section at the same time.

Critical Section / critical section:
Part of the program to access a shared memory, which can cause race conditions.
4 condition to prevent race conditions:
a. 2 does not enter the critical process that simultaneously sectionnya / simultan
b. No assumptions are made regarding the speed and number of CPUs
c. No process that runs outside of its critical section that can block any other process
d. No process is waiting forever for the entry into its critical section.

Mutual Exclusion (MuTex) With Busy Waiting:
If a process is accessing the shared memory in critical sectionnya, no one can enter percent of the critical section (mutual Exclusion) and cause problems.

The types of mutual Exclusion:
1. This Interrupt / off interruptions
By the way shut incoming interruption during the process is in its critical section. This is sometimes quite useful to the kernel, but not for the user. And how starters are not too good for the CPU, the number of which more than one, where only about Interrupt disable the CPU are running the process and do not affect other CPU
2. Lock variables
Each process will be access to the critical section will need to check lock variable. 0 If the process can enter its critical section 1, and if the process must wait until the lock variable = 0. The disadvantage is 2 process can still enter the critical section is at the same time. During the one-check process to lock variable = 0, when will set 1 no interruptions to the process of implementing others who also want to enter the critical sectionnya, there will be race conditions.
3. Strict alternation
By observing variable turn to determine who will enter a critical section is not a good idea if the process slower than the other.
For example:
While (true)
(
While (turn! = 0) / * wait * /;
Critical_section ();
Turn = 1;
Noncritical_section ();
)
while (true)
(
While (turn! = 1) / * wait * /;
Critical_section ();
Turn = 0;
noncritical_section ();
)
4. Peterson’s Solution
The process will not be fulfilled until he is ready, if interested in [other] = TRUE, then the process will wait until FALSE.
The disadvantage: if the call enter_region it is almost the same time, which in turn is stored data that is written last.
For example:
# Include “prototype.h”
# Define FALSE 0
# Define TRUE 1
# Define N 2 / * number of processes * /

int turn;
int interested [N]; / * initial value is set = 0 (false) * /
void enter_region (int process) / * process = 1 or 0 * /

(
int other; / * number of other processes * /
other = 1 - process; / * other processes * /
interested [process] = TRUE; / * indicates interested * /
turn = process; / * set of flags * /
while (turn == process & interested [other] == TRUE)
)

void leave_region (int process) / * process is finished * /
(
interested [process] = FALSE; / * leave critical region * /
)
5. Test and Instruction Set Lock / TSL Instruction
With the help of hardware, determine who has the right to enter critical_region (section)
Example:
Enter_region :
Tsl reg,flag | copy flag ke reg dan set flag = 1
Cmp reg,#0 | apakah flag = 0
Jnz enter_region |jika <> 0 loop lagi
Ret |return ke caller, masuk critical region

Leave_region :
Mov flag, #0 |simpan 0 ke flag
Ret |return ke caller
This process must call at the right time.
The main weakness with everyone waiting is more and more CPU time and priority inversion problem.
6. Sleep and Wake Up
Mechanism: the process will be in the block / sleep (sleep) when critical_section can not enter it and will be developed (its people up) / readily when resources needed are available.
SLEEP: the system call to make the process of calling in blocks (blocked)
WAKE UP: call system that make the process ready to call menjasi
Example:
Procedure-Consumer Problem (bounded buffer)
Some share the process with the size of the buffer remain
If the buffer is full sleep Producer
If the buffer empty consumer sleep
If the buffer starts to empty its people up Producer
If the buffer filled up consumer its people
There is still a possibility the race Condition
7. Semaphore (Dijkstra, 1965)
To check, change and sleep 1 instructions
Change and its people up inseparability
Instruction is very useful for synchronization.
Can be implemented to solve Producer-consumer problem.
Mechanism its use:
- Integer variables to calculate the number of its people who saved up / delayed
- 0 valued when its people are not kept up, there is a positive value when its people up pending

Two kinds of operations against the semaphore:
DOWN(S) :
If S >= 0 then
S := S-1;
Else sleep (S)
End;

UP(S) :
If S <= 0 then wakeup(S) End;

Production is down and UP operations are Atomic (Atomic Action).
8. Event counters (Reed and Kanodia, 1979)
Three operations on the event counter (E):
1. Read (E): the return of current value of E
2. Advance (E): Atomically increment E by 1
3. Wait until E has a value of more or v
9. Monitors
- Higher levels Synchronization primitive.
- Collection procedures, variables and data structures that dipaket into one module or package.
- The process can call the procedure in the monitor, but can not directly access the data structure of the internal monitor.
10. Message Passing
Use 2 primitive:
1. send (destination, & message)
2. receive (source, & message)
Some issues on the message passing system: lost message; acknowledgement; domains; authentication; performance

Classic IPC problems:

The Dining Philosopher Problem

- 5 philosophers who work only eat and think
- Spaghetti available five plates and five chopsticks
- Needed to eat fruit bua chopsticks
- Its problem-how to write the program so that every philosopher can think and eat each other without having to wait?

The Readers and Writers Problem

- Model access to the database
- Many of the process to compete for reading and writing. For example: airline reservation.
- Some processes can be read at the same time
- If a process is writing, the process can not be any other database access
- The process to have a higher priority than the process of writing

There are 3 models in the process server:

to create the thread can do paralelisme combined with the execution sekuensial and blocking system calls
treads a single server, using the blocking system calls, but system performance is not good
finite-state machine, with good performance parallelisme do, but using nonblocking calls, so difficult in the program

Financial strategy

2008-10-28T01:38:00.000-07:00

Financial strategy aimed at the use of financial resources to support business strategy, both long term and short term. This strategy includes the financial capital acquisition strategy, capital allocation, diveden allocation and management of working capital.
The acquisition of capital usually involves consideration the reasonable cost of capital, the proportion of short-term debt and long-term, the desired balance between internal and external funding, risks and limitations of ownership and the level and form of a lease that must be used. Microsoft to develop the company do shares with a sales price of 21 dollars and 28 dollars closed in 1986. Microsoft’s stock price reached the peak price of 119 dollars in 1999.
Capital allocation priorities include the consideration to the allocation of capital projects, the basic selection of the end of the project and the allocation of capital is allowed without the approval of operational managers managers higher. Microsoft does not share dividend from 18 September 1987 until 16 January 2003. Capital that are used for a project to develop the Microsoft Office launched in 1989 and Windows 3.0, which is issued in 1990. In 1993 the Windows NT 3:01 and in 1995 launched Windows 95 equipped with Internet Explorer and MSN (Microsoft Network). In 1996 the Windows CE.1.0. and in 1997 launched the Internet Explorer 4.0. and in 1998 raised a Windows 98. Windows XP, released in 2001
The allocation of dividends and management of working capital include consideration of the division of the profit should be distributed as dividends, dividend stability, the form of dividends other than cash, cash flow needs, the minimum cash balance and the maximum credit policy, credit policy billing, the provisions and procedures of payment. Berkshire Hathaway more pressure on the company’s net wealth rather than allocate greater dividends in the division, such as AOL Time Garnet, Exxon Mobil and Toyota.
Toyota Motor Company on 31 March 2007 net profit to total 23.95 trillion yen, an increase of 13.8% compared to the previous fiscal year. Contribution of positive operating income of 720.0 billion yen from 330.0 billion consists yen from marketing efforts, 290.0 yen from the positive effects of exchange rate changes in foreign currency and 100 billion yen from cost reduction efforts. Toyota Motor Company to share half profit as cash dividends for the six months worth of 70 yen per share, up 15% compared to the past period, so the total dividend paid a full year is 120 yen perlembar shares. President of Toyota Motor Company, Katsuaki Watanabe, said: “The result is the ratio of dividends distributed increased from 21.3% to 23.4%, continually trying to get to our target of 30%.”