Struts-2-Developers

Spring Webflow - FormAction.doValidate() isn't called when there is no validator configured

2009-11-19T15:57:00.001-08:00

This post is relevant for the Spring Webflow 1.x users.

I have been breaking my head from 2-3 days over this problem and was able to crack it today.
I did some search on google and found that this is a open Bug on Spring Webflow (Spring Webflow 1.0.3 Bug SWF-397)

This bug has not been resolved since they can't do it in a 100% backwards compatible way. I found a workaround/solution so thought of sharing with other who are struggling on problem.

What is the issue?

The problem occurs when you have a FormAction bean configured in your application without a validator e.g.

The spring framework code does a check for "if (getValidator() != null) " before making a call to doValidate() method and therefore doValidate method will not be called when we have configured the FormAction bean like above.

What is the workaround?

The workaround is simple and requires you to write a simple dummy validator class which does nothing. Below is a Sample dummy validation class you can use for your application.

package example.spring.validations;import org.apache.commons.logging.Log;import org.apache.commons.logging.LogFactory;import org.springframework.validation.Errors;import org.springframework.validation.Validator;/*** @author swiki**/public class DummyValidation implements Validator {public boolean supports(Class clazz){return true;}public void validate(Object target, Errors errors){return;  }}

Now inject this dummy validator bean to all the form beans where you want your own doValidate method to be called. See the example bean config below

Thats it! Your doValidate method should start getting called now as the "if (getValidator() != null) " condition will not fail.

Please don't forget to share, if you know of a better workaround for this.

Struts 2 AJAX Autocomplete dropdown example

2009-10-29T17:19:00.000-07:00

I started playing with struts 2.0.14 showcase application and thought of extracting a simple AJAX Autocomplete dropdown example from it.
In this example I am trying to create a autocomplete textbox and when you select one value from this autocomplete drop down the other will populate accordingly.

This post is for developers who are new to Struts 2.

This example uses

- Struts 2.0.14 - Download Struts
- apache-tomcat-6.0.18 - Download Tomcat
- java version "1.6.0_10"
- freemarker template (2.3.8) for the second dropdown.

You can use this example as is or play around with it based on your need.

index.jsp :

This page redirects the request to the demo page where autocomplete text box is diplayed.

  
 <%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

autocomplete.jsp

This page contains the core of this example, the Struts tags for Autocomplete.

  
<%@ page contentType="text/html;charset=UTF-8" language="java" %>
<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>
<s:head theme="ajax"/>
<html>
<head>
<title>AutoComplete</title>
</head>
<body>
<s:url id="detailUrl" action="DetailResponse"/>

Link two autocompleter elements. When the selected value in 'Autocompleter 1' changes, 
the available values in 'Autocompleter 2' will change also.
<br/>
<form id="selectForm">
  <p>Autocompleter 1 <s:autocompleter theme="simple" name="select" list="selectList"  value="Colors" notifyTopics="/Changed" forceValidOption="true" id="sel"/></p>
</form>
Autocompleter 2 <s:autocompleter theme="ajax" href="%{#detailUrl}" autoComplete="false" formId="selectForm" listenTopics="/Changed" forceValidOption="true" id="ops"/>
</body>
</html>

options.ftl

This is Freemarker template to render the second drop down, which is populated based on selection in first autocomplete drop down.

  
[
<#list options as option>
 ["${option}"],

]

ListingAction.java

This action class is to populate values in the first autocomplete drop down.

  

package ajaxdemo.action;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

@SuppressWarnings("serial")
public class ListingAction extends ActionSupport {
 private List selectList = null;

 public String execute() throws Exception {
  selectList = new ArrayList();
  selectList.add("Fruits");
  selectList.add("Colors");
  return SUCCESS;
 }

 public List getSelectList() {
  return selectList;
 }

 public void setSelectList(List selectList) {
  this.selectList = selectList;
 }

}

DetailAction.java

This is a action class to populate the second autocomplete drop down based on selection value in first drop down.

  
package ajaxdemo.action;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class DetailAction extends ActionSupport {
  private String select;
  private List options = new ArrayList();

  private static final long serialVersionUID = -8481638176160014396L;

  public String execute() throws Exception {
    if ("Fruits".equalsIgnoreCase(select)) {
      options.add("apple");
      options.add("banana");
      options.add("grape");
      options.add("pear");
    } else if ("Colors".equalsIgnoreCase(select)) {
      options.add("red");
      options.add("green");
      options.add("blue");
    }
    return SUCCESS;
  }

  public String getSelect() {
    return select;
  }

  public void setSelect(String select) {
    this.select = select;
  }

  public List getOptions() {
    return options;
  }
}

struts.xml

Struts config file for action mappings.

  

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" ?>

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
    "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
    "http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">
    
<struts>
 <package name="demo" extends="struts-default">  
  <action name="ShowDemo" class="ajaxdemo.action.ListingAction">
   <result>/autocomplete.jsp</result>
  </action>     
       <action name="DetailResponse" class="ajaxdemo.action.DetailAction">
           <result type="freemarker">/options.ftl</result>
       </action>      
 </package>  
</struts>

web.xml

The application deployment descriptor.

  

<web-app version="2.4" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee"
 xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
 xsi:schemalocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">
 <filter>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <filter-class>org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
  </filter-class>
 </filter>
 <filter-mapping>
  <filter-name>struts2</filter-name>
  <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
 </filter-mapping>
 <welcome-file-list>
  <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
 </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

Output

Go the URL http://localhost:8080/ajaxdemo/ in your favorite web browser. The page should look like this.

Web application directory Structure
This is how the application war directory structure should look like.

  
ajaxdemo/
ajaxdemo/index.jsp
ajaxdemo/autocomplete.jsp
ajaxdemo/options.ftl
ajaxdemo/WEB-INF/web.xml
ajaxdemo/WEB-INF/classes/struts.xml
ajaxdemo/WEB-INF/classes/ajaxdemo/action/DetailAction.class
ajaxdemo/WEB-INF/classes/ajaxdemo/action/ListingAction.class
ajaxdemo/WEB-INF/lib/*.jar

Here are the list of jar files you need to have in your application WEB-INF/lib dir.

  

antlr-2.7.2.jar
aopalliance-1.0.jar
classworlds-1.1.jar
commons-beanutils-1.7.0.jar
commons-chain-1.1.jar
commons-codec-1.3.jar
commons-collections-2.1.jar
commons-collections-3.1.jar
commons-digester-1.6.jar
commons-digester-1.8.jar
commons-el-1.0.jar
commons-fileupload-1.1.1.jar
commons-io-1.1.jar
commons-lang-2.1.jar
commons-logging-1.0.4.jar
commons-logging-api-1.1.jar
commons-validator-1.3.0.jar
dwr-1.1-beta-3.jar
freemarker-2.3.8.jar
jstl-1.1.0.jar
log4j-1.2.9.jar
myfaces-api-1.1.2.jar
myfaces-impl-1.1.2.jar
ognl-2.6.11.jar
oro-2.0.8.jar
plexus-container-default-1.0-alpha-10.jar
plexus-utils-1.2.jar
sitemesh-2.2.1.jar
spring-beans-2.0.5.jar
spring-context-2.0.5.jar
spring-core-2.0.5.jar
spring-web-2.0.5.jar
struts-core-1.3.5.jar
struts2-codebehind-plugin-2.0.14.jar
struts2-config-browser-plugin-2.0.14.jar
struts2-core-2.0.14.jar
struts2-jsf-plugin-2.0.14.jar
struts2-sitemesh-plugin-2.0.14.jar
struts2-struts1-plugin-2.0.14.jar
struts2-tiles-plugin-2.0.14.jar
tiles-api-2.0.4.jar
tiles-core-2.0.4.jar
tiles-jsp-2.0.4.jar
velocity-1.4.jar
velocity-dep-1.4.jar
velocity-tools-1.1.jar
xml-apis-1.0.b2.jar
xwork-2.0.7.jar

Download ajaxdemo.war here

Struts 2.1.8 - FreeMarker template error! - Expression parameters.pushId is undefined

2009-10-28T14:00:00.000-07:00

I was working on a simple Ajax autocomplete dropdown box and came across this error on Struts 2.1.8. Somehow all Struts 2 Freemarker errors are not clear at telling what is the root cause of a problem.

I tried searching for the solution and found many other people are facing this so thought of making a note of it.

Below is the JSP I am using for populating a Autocomplete drop down.
Struts 2.1.8 has dojo taglib which needs to be included if you are using dojo, like below.



<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="sx" uri="/struts-dojo-tags" %>







  
    Autocompleter 1
            name="lst"
        list="lstList1"
        value="Fruits"
        valueNotifyTopics="/show_detail"
        forceValidOption="true"
        onchange="javascript:show_details();return false;"/>
  


     showLoadingText="false" id="details" href="%{#autoex}" theme="ajax"
   listenTopics="/show_detail" formId="frm_demo">

When I run this webapp, I get following error.



Oct 28, 2009 1:22:36 PM freemarker.log.JDK14LoggerFactory$JDK14Logger error
SEVERE: 

Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> if parameters.pushId [on line 24, column 1 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl.
 at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:124)
 at freemarker.core.Expression.isTrue(Expression.java:145)
 at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:77)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:189)
 at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:182)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:559)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:513)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fdiv_005f0(listing_jsp.java:292)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fform_005f0(listing_jsp.java:194)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspService(listing_jsp.java:94)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:630)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:535)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:472)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(JspRuntimeLibrary.java:968)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:611)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult.doExecute(ServletDispatcherResult.java:123)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:186)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:362)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:266)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:252)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:122)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:235)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:89)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:130)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:267)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:126)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:138)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.executeAction(ActionComponent.java:289)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.end(ActionComponent.java:172)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005faction_005f0(index_jsp.java:88)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:59)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:88)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
 at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
 at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Oct 28, 2009 1:22:36 PM org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher invoke
SEVERE: Servlet.service() for servlet jsp threw exception

Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> if parameters.pushId [on line 24, column 1 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl.
 at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:124)
 at freemarker.core.Expression.isTrue(Expression.java:145)
 at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:77)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:189)
 at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:182)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:559)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:513)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fdiv_005f0(listing_jsp.java:292)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fform_005f0(listing_jsp.java:194)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspService(listing_jsp.java:94)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:630)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:535)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:472)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(JspRuntimeLibrary.java:968)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:611)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult.doExecute(ServletDispatcherResult.java:123)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:186)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:362)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:266)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:252)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:122)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:235)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:89)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:130)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:267)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:126)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:138)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.executeAction(ActionComponent.java:289)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.end(ActionComponent.java:172)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005faction_005f0(index_jsp.java:88)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:59)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:88)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
 at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
 at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Oct 28, 2009 1:22:36 PM com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.logging.commons.CommonsLogger error
SEVERE: Could not execute action: /ListingAction
org.apache.jasper.JasperException: Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl. - Class: freemarker.core.TemplateObject
File: TemplateObject.java
Method: assertNonNull
Line: 124 - freemarker/core/TemplateObject.java:124:-1
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.handleJspException(JspServletWrapper.java:522)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:416)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:630)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doInclude(ApplicationDispatcher.java:535)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.include(ApplicationDispatcher.java:472)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.JspRuntimeLibrary.include(JspRuntimeLibrary.java:968)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.PageContextImpl.include(PageContextImpl.java:611)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult.doExecute(ServletDispatcherResult.java:123)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:186)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:362)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:266)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.doIntercept(DefaultWorkflowInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:252)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:68)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:122)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:195)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.MultiselectInterceptor.intercept(MultiselectInterceptor.java:75)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.CheckboxInterceptor.intercept(CheckboxInterceptor.java:94)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.FileUploadInterceptor.intercept(FileUploadInterceptor.java:235)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:89)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ScopedModelDrivenInterceptor.java:130)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.debugging.DebuggingInterceptor.intercept(DebuggingInterceptor.java:267)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:126)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.PrepareInterceptor.doIntercept(PrepareInterceptor.java:138)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:87)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.I18nInterceptor.intercept(I18nInterceptor.java:165)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:164)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.AliasInterceptor.intercept(AliasInterceptor.java:179)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
 at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:52)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.executeAction(ActionComponent.java:289)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.ActionComponent.end(ActionComponent.java:172)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005faction_005f0(index_jsp.java:88)
 at org.apache.jsp.index_jsp._jspService(index_jsp.java:59)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:342)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:267)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ng.filter.StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.doFilter(StrutsPrepareAndExecuteFilter.java:88)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:191)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
 at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
 at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
 at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:845)
 at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
 at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
 at java.lang.Thread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl. - Class: freemarker.core.TemplateObject
File: TemplateObject.java
Method: assertNonNull
Line: 124 - freemarker/core/TemplateObject.java:124:-1
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:515)
 at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:42)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fdiv_005f0(listing_jsp.java:292)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005fform_005f0(listing_jsp.java:194)
 at org.apache.jsp.listing_jsp._jspService(listing_jsp.java:94)
 at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
 at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:717)
 at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
 ... 83 more
Caused by: freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression parameters.pushId is undefined on line 24, column 6 in template/ajax/div-close.ftl.
 at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:124)
 at freemarker.core.Expression.isTrue(Expression.java:145)
 at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:77)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:209)
 at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:189)
 at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:237)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:182)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:559)
 at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:513)
 ... 90 more

Solution:

If you have noticed, there are 2 taglibs used in this JSP page.


<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>
<%@ taglib prefix="sx" uri="/struts-dojo-tags" %>

Here is the tag which is causing this error



    showLoadingText="false" id="details" href="%{#autoex}" theme="ajax"
   listenTopics="/show_detail" formId="frm_demo"/>

Instead of this tag, here we need to use the dojo taglib div tag which is prefixing with "sx"


   
     showLoadingText="false" id="details" href="%{#autoex}" theme="ajax"
   listenTopics="/show_detail" formId="frm_demo"/>

Clearly the Exception message "Expression parameters.pushId is undefined" had no relation to the problem, and thats the reason most of the people will have hard time figuring this out.
The best way to start with Struts 2.18 would be to use the showcase application in the distribution and start building on top of it. '

This was one of case where I have observed the error. In case you see this error on other places please share your experience.

Struts 2 Development - FreeMarker template error!

2008-10-21T17:59:00.001-07:00

I am getting following error while using Struts 2 application. It does not trace back to my code and my JSP syntax is correct too. Dont know what is causing this, any help will be appreciated. I dont see any information or answers to this on google.

FreeMarker template error!

Expression error is undefined on line 35, column 4 in template/simple/actionerror.ftl.
The problematic instruction:
----------
==> ${error} [on line 35, column 2 in template/simple/actionerror.ftl]
----------

Java backtrace for programmers:
----------
freemarker.core.InvalidReferenceException: Expression error is undefined on line 35, column 4 in template/simple/actionerror.ftl.
at freemarker.core.TemplateObject.assertNonNull(TemplateObject.java:124)
at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:118)
at freemarker.core.Expression.getStringValue(Expression.java:93)
at freemarker.core.DollarVariable.accept(DollarVariable.java:76)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock$Context.runLoop(IteratorBlock.java:160)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:351)
at freemarker.core.IteratorBlock.accept(IteratorBlock.java:95)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.ConditionalBlock.accept(ConditionalBlock.java:79)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.MixedContent.accept(MixedContent.java:92)
at freemarker.core.Environment.visit(Environment.java:196)
at freemarker.core.Environment.process(Environment.java:176)
at freemarker.template.Template.process(Template.java:232)
at org.apache.struts2.components.template.FreemarkerTemplateEngine.renderTemplate(FreemarkerTemplateEngine.java:168)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.mergeTemplate(UIBean.java:530)
at org.apache.struts2.components.UIBean.end(UIBean.java:484)
at org.apache.struts2.views.jsp.ComponentTagSupport.doEndTag(ComponentTagSupport.java:43)
at org.apache.jsp.input_jsp._jspx_meth_s_005factionerror_005f0(input_jsp.java:330)
at org.apache.jsp.input_jsp._jspService(input_jsp.java:223)
at org.apache.jasper.runtime.HttpJspBase.service(HttpJspBase.java:70)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServletWrapper.service(JspServletWrapper.java:374)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.serviceJspFile(JspServlet.java:337)
at org.apache.jasper.servlet.JspServlet.service(JspServlet.java:266)
at javax.servlet.http.HttpServlet.service(HttpServlet.java:803)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:290)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.invoke(ApplicationDispatcher.java:630)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.processRequest(ApplicationDispatcher.java:436)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.doForward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:374)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationDispatcher.forward(ApplicationDispatcher.java:302)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.ServletDispatcherResult.doExecute(ServletDispatcherResult.java:139)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.StrutsResultSupport.execute(StrutsResultSupport.java:178)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.executeResult(DefaultActionInvocation.java:348)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:253)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ConversionErrorInterceptor.intercept(ConversionErrorInterceptor.java:123)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.StaticParametersInterceptor.intercept(StaticParametersInterceptor.java:105)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ModelDrivenInterceptor.intercept(ModelDrivenInterceptor.java:74)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ChainingInterceptor.intercept(ChainingInterceptor.java:115)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.validator.ValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(ValidationInterceptor.java:150)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.validation.AnnotationValidationInterceptor.doIntercept(AnnotationValidationInterceptor.java:48)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:86)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ParametersInterceptor.doIntercept(ParametersInterceptor.java:186)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.MethodFilterInterceptor.intercept(MethodFilterInterceptor.java:86)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.interceptor.ExceptionMappingInterceptor.intercept(ExceptionMappingInterceptor.java:176)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.interceptor.ServletConfigInterceptor.intercept(ServletConfigInterceptor.java:170)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:224)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation$2.doProfiling(DefaultActionInvocation.java:223)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.util.profiling.UtilTimerStack.profile(UtilTimerStack.java:455)
at com.opensymphony.xwork2.DefaultActionInvocation.invoke(DefaultActionInvocation.java:221)
at org.apache.struts2.impl.StrutsActionProxy.execute(StrutsActionProxy.java:50)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.Dispatcher.serviceAction(Dispatcher.java:504)
at org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher.doFilter(FilterDispatcher.java:419)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.internalDoFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:235)
at org.apache.catalina.core.ApplicationFilterChain.doFilter(ApplicationFilterChain.java:206)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardWrapperValve.invoke(StandardWrapperValve.java:233)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardContextValve.invoke(StandardContextValve.java:175)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardHostValve.invoke(StandardHostValve.java:128)
at org.apache.catalina.valves.ErrorReportValve.invoke(ErrorReportValve.java:102)
at org.apache.catalina.core.StandardEngineValve.invoke(StandardEngineValve.java:109)
at org.apache.catalina.connector.CoyoteAdapter.service(CoyoteAdapter.java:286)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Processor.process(Http11Processor.java:844)
at org.apache.coyote.http11.Http11Protocol$Http11ConnectionHandler.process(Http11Protocol.java:583)
at org.apache.tomcat.util.net.JIoEndpoint$Worker.run(JIoEndpoint.java:447)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:595)

Backporting Struts 2 to JDK1.4 or JDK 1.3 using Retrotranslator

2008-08-29T19:48:00.000-07:00

Struts 2 framework and its dependencies available currently are compiled using JDK 1.5 and if you want to use same framework on JDK1.4 then you will require to backport these jars. Struts 2 framework core jars and its plugin jars can be translated to JDK 1.4 or 1.3 using Retrotranslator utility.

Retrotranslator is a open source project which does this translation.

You can read more about this on http://retrotranslator.sourceforge.net/

Here are the steps to create the backport jars for JDK 1.4 or JDK 1.3

1. Download Struts 2 - Alternative Java 4 JARs: from http://struts.apache.org.
This also contains the retrotanslator jar files

2. Unzip the downloaded file, this should create backport folder containing core jars, and retrotranslation jar files.

3. Now copy all your Struts 2 Jars (including dependancies) to a folder say (Struts2-1.5)

4. Create another folder for converted jar files say (Struts2-1.4)

5. Run below command for each jar in the Struts2-1.5 folder

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2--.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2--.jar

Note: Replace the & tokens with appropriate jar values.
Here are commands for struts 2.0.11.2 backporting

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-core-2.0.11.2.jar -destjar Struts2-1.4/struts2-core-j4-2.0.11.2.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/xwork-2.0.5.jar -destjar Struts2-1.4/xwork-j4-2.0.5.jar 

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-codebehind.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-codebehind.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-core.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-core-1.4.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-spring.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-spring.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-pell.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-pell.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-plexus.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-plexus.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-struts1.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-struts1.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-jsf.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-jsf.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-sitegraph.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-sitegraph.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-sitemesh.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-sitemesh.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-tiles.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-tiles.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/struts2-config-browser.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/struts2-config-browser.jar

java -jar retrotranslator-transformer-1.2.2.jar -advanced -srcjar Struts2-1.5/xwork-2.0.5.jar -destjar ./Struts2-1.4/xwork-2.0.5.jar

6. This should create all your jars which are required for JDK 1.4.

7. Make sure you delete all JDK 1.5 compiled jars from your application lib and replace it with translated jars for JDK 1.4. Keeping both may create unknown issues.

Retrotranslator is not limited to backporting the Struts 2 framework. Its a utility which can be utilized for backporting any JDK 1.5 compiled code to JDK 1.4.

How can you set devMode to dynamically load struts.xml file in Struts 2?

2008-08-25T12:09:00.000-07:00

The constant element has a name attribute and a value attribute. The struts.devMode setting determines whether or not the Struts application is in development mode. By default, the value is false, meaning the application is not in development mode.

The following constant element sets struts.devMode to true.

<struts>
<constant name="struts.devMode" value="true"/>

...
</struts>

Once you set this attribute to true Struts will check the config file for every request. This will save lot of development time as you need not restart server for struts.xml changes.

Second way of setting this attribute is struts.properties file which can overrides the value of default.properties file as below.

struts.devMode = true

Third way to do it is as a init-param to filter tag in deployment descriptor (web.xml) file as shown below

<filter>
<filter-name>struts</filter-name>
<filter-class>
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher
</filter-class>
    <init-param>
        <param-name>struts.devMode</param-name>
        <param-value>true</param-value>
    </init-param>
</filter>

AJAX Example code showing XML response in a DIV tag

2008-08-21T17:18:00.000-07:00

This is an example code which demonstrates how we can show the response from a XML file to the DIV tag.

<html>
<head>
<title>Using responseText with innerHTML</title>
 
<script type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;
 
function createXMLHttpRequest() {
    if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    }
}
 
function startRequest() {
    createXMLHttpRequest();
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;
    xmlHttp.open("GET", "response.xml", true);
    xmlHttp.send(null);
}
 
function handleStateChange() {
    if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
        if(xmlHttp.status == 200) {
            document.getElementById("results").innerHTML = xmlHttp.responseText;
        }
    }
}
</script>
</head>
 
<body>
    <form action="#">
        <input type="button" value="Search"
                onclick="startRequest();"/>
    </form>
    <div id="results"></div>
</body>
</html>

Notice the line in Javascript.

document.getElementById("results").innerHTML = xmlHttp.responseText;

This is doing all the magic for you.

Below are the contents of reponse.xml

<table border="1">
    <tbody>
        <tr>
            <th>My Name</th>
            <th>Location</th>
            <th>Age</th>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>John</td>
            <td>NH</td>
            <td>20</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Peter</td>
            <td>CA</td>
            <td>25</td>
        </tr>
        <tr>
            <td>Hary</td>
            <td>NC</td>
            <td>33</td>
        </tr>
    </tbody>
</table>

Keep both the files in the same directory on server and run it.

Hello World example - AJAX

2008-08-21T16:53:00.000-07:00

Here is example code which demonstrates AJAX interaction displaying "Hello World" along with the server response which is stored at server side in the file serverResponse.xml

Contents of HelloWorld.html

<html>
<head>
<title>Simple XMLHttpRequest</title>
<script type="text/javascript">
var xmlHttp;

function createXMLHttpRequest() {
    if (window.ActiveXObject) {
        xmlHttp = new ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    }
    else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
        xmlHttp = new XMLHttpRequest();
    }
}

function startRequest() {
    createXMLHttpRequest();
    xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;
    xmlHttp.open("GET", "serverResponse.xml", true);
    xmlHttp.send(null);
}

function handleStateChange() {
    if(xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
        if(xmlHttp.status == 200) {
            alert("Hello World: Response from server is - " + xmlHttp.responseText);
        }
    }
}
</script>
</head>

Contents of serverResponse.xml

Hello from Server!

What are the status values you need to deal with when working with AJAX

2008-08-21T16:08:00.000-07:00

The XMLHttpRequest object has few properties

onreadystatechange: The event handler that fires at every state change, typically a call to a JavaScript function.

readyState: The state of the request. The five possible values are 0 = uninitialized, 1 = loading, 2 = loaded, 3 = interactive, and 4 = complete.

responseText: The response from the server as a string.

responseXML: The response from the server as XML. This object can be parsed and examined as a DOM object.

status: The HTTP status code from the server (that is, 200 for OK, 404 for Not Found, and so on).

statusText: The text version of the HTTP status code (that is, OK or Not Found, and so on).

Here is a example code which demonstrates how these atributes can be used

function doSomething() {
 //..do something here, like adding parameter values etc...
 xmlHttp.open("GET", url);
 xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = callback;
 xmlHttp.send(null);
}

function callback() {
  if (xmlHttp.readyState == 4) {
    if (xmlHttp.status == 200) {
        //do you required work here
    }
  }
}

Notice the line

xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = callback;
 
in doSomething method which is assigning a value as "callback" to the onreadystatechange attribute. 
The value is name of a method which called every time readystate of XMLHttpRequest object is changed.

How to Create an Instance of the XMLHttpRequest Object - AJAX

2008-08-21T15:58:00.000-07:00

XMLHttpRequest is backbone of AJAX framework. We have to first create an XMLHttpRequest object using JavaScript before we can use the object to send request. You can use JavaScript in a couple of ways to create an instance of XMLHttpRequest. Internet Explorer implements XMLHttpRequest as an ActiveX object, and other browsers such as Firefox, Safari, and Opera implement it as a native JavaScript object. Because of these differences, the JavaScript code must contain logic to create an instance of XMLHttpRequest using the ActiveX technique or using the native JavaScript object technique.

var xmlHttp;

Struts 2 Integer Validation Example

2008-08-07T16:30:00.000-07:00

The validator type "int" in struts 2 is a range validator. It does not validate if the input is a valid integer. Therefore we would require to use regular expression to validate the integer. This example considers zip Code field which should be a valid integer.

This example uses AJAX for displaying the result on the same page. The contents of output.jsp are shown if the input validation passes.

MyAction.java

  
public class MyAction extends ActionSupport {

    private String zipCode;

    public String execute() throws Exception {

        return SUCCESS;

    }

    public String getZipCode() {

        return zipCode;

    }

    public void setZipCode(String zipCode) {

        this.zipCode=zipCode;

    }
}

MyAction-validation.xml

  
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE validators PUBLIC "-//OpenSymphony Group//XWork Validator 1.0.2//EN"
"http://www.opensymphony.com/xwork/xwork-validator-1.0.2.dtd">



    

        zipCode
        
        Zip code should be a valid number

input.jsp

  
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1" pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">

<html>

<head>

<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1">

<s:head theme="ajax" />

<title>Integer Validation Test</title>

</head>

<body>

<s:actionerror />

<s:fielderror />

<s:div id="showResult" theme="ajax" loadingText="Loading..." />

<s:form id="myAction" action="myAction" method="post"

validate="true">

    <s:textfield key="addressLine1" label="Address Line 1" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield key="addressLine2" label="Address Line 2" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield key="city" label="City" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield key="state" label="State" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield key="zipCode" label="Zip Code" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15" required="true"></s:textfield>

    <s:textfield key="country" label="Country" labelposition="left" cssStyle="size: 15"></s:textfield>

    <s:submit theme="ajax" targets="showResult" />

</s:form>

</body>
</html>

output.jsp

  
<%@ page language="java" contentType="text/html; charset=ISO-8859-1"
pageEncoding="ISO-8859-1"%>

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>



<html>

<head></head>

<body>

    Valid Data Entered !!

</body>

</html>

struts.xml

  

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC "-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN" 
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">


    
        /output.jsp
        /input.jsp

Struts 1 vs Struts 2

2008-08-02T15:25:00.000-07:00

Here are few comparison of Jakarta Struts framework version 1.X and 2.X
The entire approach has been changed in Struts 2 by introduction of dependency injection and interceptors. Here are few key differences...

1. Servlet Dependency:

Actions in Struts1 have dependencies on the servlet API since the HttpServletRequest and HttpServletResponse objects are passed to the execute method when an Action is invoked.

In case of Struts 2, Actions are not container dependent because they are made simple POJOs. In struts 2, the servlet contexts are represented as simple Maps which allows actions to be tested in isolation. Struts 2 Actions can access the original request and response, if required. However, other architectural elements reduce or eliminate the need to access the HttpServetRequest or HttpServletResponse directly.

2. Action classes

Struts 1 requires Action classes to extend an abstract base class. Extending an abstract class instead of interface is one of design issues of struts 1.x framework that has been resolved in the struts 2 framework.
In case of Struts 2 Action class may or may not implement interfaces to enable optional and custom services. In case of Struts 2 , Actions are not container dependent because they are made simple POJOs. Struts 2 provides a base ActionSupport class to implement commonly used interfaces. Albeit, the Action interface is not required. Any POJO object with an execute signature can be used as an Struts 2 Action object. Struts 2 also provides a way to maintain action objects using spring container.

3. Validation

Struts1 and Struts 2 both supports the manual validation via a validate method.
Struts1 uses validate method on the ActionForm, or validates through an extension to the Commons Validator. However, Struts 2 supports manual validation via the validate method and the XWork Validation framework. The Xwork Validation Framework supports chaining validation into sub-properties using the validations defined for the properties class type and the validation context.

4. Threading Model

In Struts1, Action resources must be thread-safe or synchronized. So Actions are singletons and thread-safe, there should only be one instance of a class to handle all requests for that Action. The singleton strategy places restrictions on what can be done with Struts1 Actions and requires extra care to develop. However in case of Struts 2, Action objects are instantiated for each request, so there are no thread-safety issues. (In practice, servlet containers generate many throw-away objects per request, and one more object does not impose a performance penalty or impact garbage collection.)

5. Testability

Testing Struts1 applications are a bit complex. A major hurdle to test Struts1 Actions is that the execute method because it exposes the Servlet API. A third-party extension, Struts TestCase, offers a set of mock object for Struts1. But the Struts 2 Actions can be tested by instantiating the Action, setting properties and invoking methods. Dependency Injection support also makes testing simpler. Actions in struts2 are simple POJOs and are framework independent, hence testability is quite easy in struts2.

6. Harvesting Input

Struts1 uses an ActionForm object to capture input. And all ActionForms needs to extend a framework dependent base class. JavaBeans cannot be used as ActionForms, so the developers have to create redundant classes to capture input.
However Struts 2 uses Action properties (as input properties independent of underlying framework) that eliminates the need for a second input object, hence reduces redundancy. Additionally in struts2, Action properties can be accessed from the web page via the taglibs. Struts 2 also supports the ActionForm pattern, as well as POJO form objects and POJO Actions. Even rich object types, including business or domain objects, can be used as input/output objects.

7. Expression Language

Struts1 integrates with JSTL, so it uses the JSTL-EL. The struts1 EL has basic object graph traversal, but relatively weak collection and indexed property support. Struts 2 can also use JSTL, however it supports a more powerful and flexible expression language called "Object Graph Notation Language" (OGNL).

8. Binding values into views

In the view section, Struts1 uses the standard JSP mechanism to bind objects (processed from the model section) into the page context to access. However Struts 2 uses a "ValueStack" technology so that the taglibs can access values without coupling your view to the object type it is rendering. The ValueStack strategy allows the reuse of views across a range of types which may have the same property name but different property types.

9. Type Conversion

Usually, Struts1 ActionForm properties are all Strings. Struts1 uses Commons-Beanutils for type conversion. These type converters are per-class and not configurable per instance. However Struts 2 uses OGNL for type conversion. The framework includes converters for basic and common object types and primitives.

10. Control Of Action Execution

Struts1 supports separate Request Processor (lifecycles) for each module, but all the Actions in a module must share the same lifecycle. However Struts 2 supports creating different lifecycles on a per Action basis via Interceptor Stacks. Custom stacks can be created and used with different Actions as needed.

Struts 2 - AJAX Drop down Example

2008-07-17T15:43:00.000-07:00

Struts 2 is a powerful web application development framework. Its built on top of WebWork framework and rebranded as Struts 2. Due to excessive popularity of Struts 1 its difficult to search for much relevant documentation on web about struts2. Slowly the search engines are improving on that.

In this example when you select from one drop down the other will populate accordingly. You can use it as is or play around with it based on your need
[Continue Reading]

Index.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags" %>

Listing.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="s"  uri="/struts-tags"%>
    <html>
     <head>
    <s:head theme="ajax"  />
     <title>Listing</title>
     </head>
    <script>
     function show_details() {
     dojo.event.topic.publish("show_detail");
     }
    </script>
     <body>
    <s:form id="frm_demo" name="frm_demo"  theme="simple">
    <table  border="0">
    <tr>
     <td><s:select list="lstList1" name="lst"
     onchange="javascript:show_details();return false;"  ></s:select>
    </td>
     <td><s:url id="d_url" action="DetailAction" /> <s:div  showLoadingText="false"
    id="details" href="%{d_url}"  theme="ajax"
    listenTopics="show_detail"  formId="frm_demo">
     </s:div></td>
     </tr>
    </table>
     </s:form>
    </body>
     </html>

Detail.jsp

<%@ taglib prefix="s" uri="/struts-tags"%>

DetailAction.java

package ajaxdemo.action;

import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;

public class DetailAction extends ActionSupport {
private String lst;
private List lstList = null;
private List lstList2 = null;

public String execute() throws Exception {

if (getLst() != null && !getLst().equals("")) {
populateDetail(getLst());
return SUCCESS;
} else {
return SUCCESS;
}
}

private void populateDetail(String id) {
lstList = new ArrayList();
if (id.equalsIgnoreCase("Fruits")) {
lstList.add("Apple");
lstList.add("PineApple");
lstList.add("Mango");
lstList.add("Banana");
lstList.add("Grapes");
} else if (id.equalsIgnoreCase("Places")) {
lstList.add("New York");
lstList.add("Sydney");
lstList.add("California");
lstList.add("Switzerland");
lstList.add("Paris");
} else {
lstList.add("Other 1");
lstList.add("Other 2");
lstList.add("Other 3");
lstList.add("Other 4");
lstList.add("Other 5");
}
}

public List getLstList() {
return lstList;
}

public void setLstList(List lstList) {
this.lstList = lstList;
}

public String getLst() {
return lst;
}

public void setLst(String lst) {
this.lst= lst;
}
}

DetailListing.java

package ajaxdemo.action;

import com.opensymphony.xwork2.ActionSupport;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.List;

public class ListingAction extends ActionSupport {
private List lstList1 = null;

public String execute() throws Exception {
populateDetail();
return SUCCESS;
}

private void populateDetail() {
lstList1 = new ArrayList();
lstList1.add("Fruits");
lstList1.add("Places");
lstList1.add("Others");

}

public List getLstList1() {
return lstList1;
}

public void setLstList1(List lstList1) {
this.lstList1 = lstList1;
}
}

Struts.xml

<!DOCTYPE struts PUBLIC
"-//Apache Software Foundation//DTD Struts Configuration 2.0//EN"
"http://struts.apache.org/dtds/struts-2.0.dtd">



/listing.jsp


/detail.jsp

web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app version="2.5" xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_2_5.xsd">

struts2
org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher


struts2
/*


index.jsp