STUDY GEOGRAPHY

Trajectory Plane of The Moon

2011-03-25T02:55:00.000+00:00

Trajectory Plane of The Moon

The trajectory of the Moon in revolving the Earth forms plane that is not in the same plane with ecliptic. The ecliptic in this case is : the path of Earth in revolving the Sun.

When the moon orbits the Earth, its trajectory has shape of ellipse. Therefore, the trajectory of the Moon sometime lies in a farthest point form the position of Earth, and sometime it lies in the nearest point.

The trajectory of moon revolving the Earth that farthest is called apogea, while the trajectory of the moon in revolving the Earth that nearest is called perigea.

Tectonism

2011-02-12T12:17:00.000+00:00

Tectonism

Tectonism is the change of position of Earth’s shell that is caused by endogenic power with directions of horizontal and vertical.

According to its moving velocity, tectonism is separated into two parts, as follows:

1. Epirogenesa
Epirogenesa is the change of position of Earth’s shell the motion of which is slow in a wide area. Epirogenesa process consists of two kinds, are:

a. Positive Epirogenesa is the phenomenon of falling of land so as if the sea water increases. Example: Sinking of Atlantis terrestrial.
b. Negative Epirogenesa is the phenomenon of rise of terrestrial so as if the sea water decreases. Example: The rise of Scandinavia beach.

2. Orogenesis Motion
Orogenesis motion is an endogenci power motion that is relatively fast and covers relatively short region. It means the formation of mountain (oros=mountain, genesus=birth) and fold happen.
Example: The formation of folding of circum pacific young mountain.

Sedimentary Rock

2011-02-11T10:45:00.001+00:00

Sedimentary Rock

Igneous rock that is uncovered to the Earth’s surface will undergo destruction (erosion) by the influence of weather, then it is transported by natural power such as water, winds or glaciers and it got sediment in another places, so sedimentary rocks formed.

According to the formation process, sedimentary rocks are separated into:

a. Clastic or Mechanic Rock.
It is formed from the clump of larger rock that is carried from the slope of mountain, through the rain water then it is carried by river flow and then it is got sediment in a downstream region in the form of sand the chemical composition of which is still same with original rock. It means the sedimentation does not undergo a chemical process, but only a mechanical process.

The example of clastic rock are: brexi rock, conglomerate rock, sand and clay.

b. Chemical Rock.

chemical rock

It is formed through a chemical process, such as it undergone by a limestone in the cove’s roof. The limestone is permeated by the rainwater that contains carbondioxide will dissolve in the form of lime water solution. Some solution drop from cave’s roof and fall to the dry base of cave, the rest stick on the ceiling of the cave, so it is formed a limestone sediment as the remain of vaporization of lime water when that solution drops. Stalactite and stalagmite are formed, which are one of process produced by chemical rocks.

c. Organic Rock.
It is formed from the accumulations of animal and plant remains.

Metamorphic Rock

2011-02-10T08:21:00.000+00:00

Metamorphic Rock

Metamorphic rocks are rocks produced from the conversion of the original rocks as a result of a metamorphic process, that is a process in which is undergone by the original rocks as a result of the pressure and temperature which are higher simultaneously.

Metamorphic rocks can be classified as follows:

1. Termic metamorphic rock
Termic metamorphic rock is a rock formed because of the rise of temperature. For example, lime stone formed because the influence of a high temperature so it becomes liquid, then after undergoing cooling process that lime stone changes to be marble stone.

2. Dynamic metamorphic rock
Dynamic metamorphic rock is a rock formed as the result of pressure from the layer above it in a long time. This dynamic metamorphic rock is called kinetic metamorphic rock. For example, writing stone that comes from clays, that get pressure from the layer above it.

3. pneumolici contact metamorphic rock
pneumolici contact metamorphic rock is a rock formed as the result of rise of temperature followed the insertion of elements of another rocks (another substances).
For example: quartz in its metamorphic process is inserted borium element, will produce an kind of pearl stone called tourmaline, while if the additive element is fluorium, will produce topaz, a kind of pearl that has yellow color.

Igneous Rock

2011-02-08T05:11:00.000+00:00

Igneous Rock

It happens from magma (molten rock) that undergoes a cooling process, then freezes. Based on the freezing process, igneous rocks are divided into three kinds, those are:

1. Inner Igneous Rock

The freezing happens inside, very deep under the Earth’s surface. Its cooling process is very slow. This causes the formation of big, perfect, and compact mineral crystals. The structure of mineral like that is called plutonic structure or granite (holocrystaline). Inner igneous rock is called also abisis rock. For example: granite rock, diorite, synite, and gabro.

2. Igneous Rock or Hypabyssal Rock

The remain of magma permeates into the upper layer and intrudes to the cracks of volcanic tunnels, then it becomes cool and freezes. The freezing process is relatively faster, so crystals that happen are not as compact as inner igneous rock. The structure of this igneous rock is called porphyry structure. For example: granite, diorite porphyry, syenite porphyry, and porphyry.

3. Outer igneous rock or effusive igneous rock

Igneous rock of this kind happens from magma that reaches the Earth’s surface, then it freezes. Its freezing process is rapid, so crystal can be formed. For example, in porphyry texture.

Formation Process of Rock

2011-02-07T10:49:00.000+00:00

Formation Process of Rock
Respectively, the formation of rock on Earth can you see in the following cycle of rock.

Explanation:

1. Magma as the host of all rocks that form lithosphere.
2. because of the cooling process in the internal of Earth, in Earth’s surface, it happens the freezing process of magma inner igneous roc and the outer.
3. Through the process of destruction without the changing of chemical composition from origin rock, classical sediment rock is formed.
4. For sedimentation through a chemical process, the product is a chemical sediment and the sedimentation done by organism, the product is an organic sediment.
5. The change caused by the rise in temperature produces contact metamorphic rocks; by the pressure produces dynamic metamorphic rocks, and by the addition of another substance produces pneumatholitic contact metamorphic rocks.
6. Finally, whatever rocks that have been in contact with magma will undergo the change of form first, if a condition is possible, they will enter again into magma.

Helium Method and Black Tin Method

2011-02-06T00:45:00.000+00:00

Black Tin Method and Helium Method

Black Tin Method

Uranium and thorium change to be tin through a radioactive process. The change can be determined, that is from 1,000 kg of uranium and 0,0001 gram of black tin. In one year, uranium 238 changes through levels to be black tin 206 and thorium 232 to be black tin 208.

Helium Method

In that change it is also formed the elements of helium. Based on the amount of helium elements formed, it can be known the period of radioactive process happens. According to calculation of A. Holmes in 1946-1947. The age of Earth’s shell since Cambrian age is at least 3,350 million years. Commonly it can be accepted the age of Earth is 4,5 million years, while the age of galaxy is more than 10 billion years.

Determining Age of Earth’s Shell part.2

2011-01-27T17:32:00.001+00:00

Determining Age of Earth’s Shell part.2

Absolute Age

Recently, It can be found the absolute age of Earth’s shell by several methods:

1. Calculating how much the average (in unit of gram) of water carried by river every year to the sea. Research is done by an astronomer named Halley in 1715. the number produced shows the age of Earth is at least 350 million years.

2. Using the base of calculation of the amount of erosion (destruction) of rocks transported by water to the seafloor. By knowing the rise of the thickness (the amount) of sediment layer every year, then researchers estimate the age of Earth. More careful research by this method produces estimation that the age of earth is 405-1050 million years.

3. Based on the research about radioactive elements.

In 1896, physicists found that radioactive process has certain properties that can be used to estimate the age of Earth’s shell. To determine the age of Earth it can be done by two methods as follows.

Determining Age of Earth’s Shell part.1

2011-01-26T13:38:00.002+00:00

Determining Age of Earth’s Shell part.1

Definition of Age of Earth’s Shell

Age of Earth’s shell is the age of Earth’s sell layers that is calculated from the Earth formed until now. Commonly, we cannot determine exactly how old the rock layer (absolute age). Therefore, the calculation of age of Earth’s shell is fixed relatively (relative age).

Relative Age

The deepest rock layer is usually the oldest rock, because it is formed first than the rock above it, it is according to the formation principle of Earth’s shell. But because of the presence of tectonic power (endogenic power), for example a strong erosion, the rock initially lies in below changed to be above (surface). Accordingly, it is very hard to determine which the old rock layer and which the young one.

We can determine the age of Earth’s shell by means of fossils, because in various geological age, the condition of plants and animals is very different. In every period of Earth’s history it is always found unique creatures that only live in that era. The remain that has become rock from that creature can be used to determine the relative age of earth’s shell. Sometime fossils does not come from organism, for example fossil of ES In Green Island. The use of fossils to determine a relative age is based on the opinion that the kinds of animals and plants always undergo the change of shape during the history of Earth (undergoing evolution), the simpler its shape (unicellular animals), the older its age. Relative age is the age of Earth’s shell that is stated according to the kinds of creatures that live in that era. The era before the presence of organism is called Azoic or Archean Age. In the era, in a sediment rock it is not found fossil (very rare). The knowledge that study fossil is called paleontology.

Nebula

2010-12-18T12:21:00.002+00:00

Nebula

Nebula in Latin is means fog. Nebula is celestial body that almost like lump of cloud that consists of gas and dust, found between the stars.
In universe is many found the spreading of nebula or fog. Fog in universe can be grouped into two kinds:

1. Milky way nebula, it is called like that because that nebula lies in Milky Way galaxy.
2. Outer Galactic Nebula, that is nebulas that exist beyond Milky Way, but that nebula is not equal to gas fog and dust fog that is found in Milky Way. That nebula consists of billions of stars, then it is called the outer galaxy.

Nova and Supernova

2010-12-17T11:00:00.002+00:00

Nova and Supernova

Nova means a new star, it is called like that because that star is formerly not observable, then it appears and its light is very bright. The result of research of astronomers shows that Nova and Supernova are not new stars, but they are exploded star so they discharge very bright light.

The first event of Nova was happened on July 4th, 1054, in era Sung dynasty in China. In that era, it is seen a very bright star, so it can be seen in the daylight. Note shows that star lies in constellation of Taurus.

After two years, the star is not seen. Since the creation of modern telescope that is equipped by detectors devices, astronomers see a developing fog in the former place of Nova and Supernova are formed in year 1054. this fog is called crab fog. An American astronomer named Virgima Trimble measured that crab fog developed of velocity 1450 km/sec. he also can predict that all of fog united in their center of about 900 years ago. By using radio telescope is known, that crab fog is strong emitter of radio news.

Milky Way Galaxy

2010-12-16T12:18:00.002+00:00

Milky Way Galaxy

Milky Way galaxy is in the beginning assumed to have the shape of giant gas ball that rotates in its axis. Because of its rotation, the shape of Milky Way galaxy is like a disc.
Prof. Kapteyn (1851-1922), a Dutch astronomer argued: Milky Way consists of one big set of stars, that collection has shape like a disc, our sun with its planets, they are fond in one center point of the disc.

Around the center of disc is found the collection of dense stars. The farther from the center, the looser the crowd of stars, but there is no definite outer border.

In 1917, Saphley from Harvard observatory in America, he found that Milky Way galaxy has diameter of about 1,000,000 light years and our sun lies rather to the side of center of galaxy that has distance of about 30,000 light years.

From the result of research, Milky Way galaxy consists of:
1. Star with its planets.
2. Gas fog, for example Nebula Orion, this fog looks shining because of the light of the star its absorbs, which then is emitted again.
3. Dust fog, that is the collection of fog that it can cover some part of Milky Way, such as black part found in the center of Southern Cross constellation. That dark part by sailor is called Coal Sack.

The numbers of stars in Milky Way galaxy is estimated more than 100 billion, while the number of gas fog and dust fog is almost equal to the number of star. Therefore the mass of Milky Way is predicted equal to 200 billion times of Sun’s mass.

According to the prediction of astronomers, in Milky Way galaxy is not only planet Earth that has life. But until now is not found yet its signs.

The characteristics of Milky Way galaxy are as follows:
1. Its shape is like disc.
2. Its middle part is thick and getting thinner to every direction.
3. It is found in our solar system.
4. In the middle part of disc is found about 80 billion stars.
5. In its edge part is found about 20 billion stars.

Galaxy

2010-12-15T10:56:00.002+00:00

Galaxy

Galaxy is a group of stars in universe that their amount is large.
If we go out of house in the bright night and doesn’t cloudy also free from the influence of moonlight, then we can see on the sky a light path like giant belt that makes circle. If we observe by using telescope, the light path is union light of billion of stars even more, that lie in one group of certain galaxy. In universe, besides found billion of stars, there are also billions of galaxy, even more. But that we know is only several, including Milky Way galaxy.

Before telescope was found by Galileo-Gelilei (1610), the mistery of galxy is not uncovered yet, so several nations describe galaxy as white light.

For example people of ancient Greek described galaxy as spilled milk in the sky when Juno brestfeed her baby that has name Hercules. It is different with tales of another nation that describes galaxy is the place of dead spirits. Even some describe that galaxy as road for dead spirits to go to their lasting place.

The characteristics of galaxy are as follows.
1. It has its own light.
2. It has core that light in the center, so it is easily recognized.
3. It has certain shapes.
4. the location between one galaxy to another galaxy is very far.

The Shape of Galaxy

Based on its shape galaxy is separated into three:

1. It has shape of Ellipse

The special characteristic of this galaxy is in the middle is found pile of dense stars and have shape like lens ball, middle part is thick, while its edge is thin. The number of galaxy that has shape of ellipse is about 75% of galaxies ever recognize.

2. Spyral shape

The shape of this galaxy is like giant fire whirlpool. Milky Way galxy is included into this shape, while our Sun lies at one middle of that spyra.

3. It has irregular shape

This shape appears like small balls that spread irregularly, without striking edge.

Constellation

2010-12-14T11:55:00.003+00:00

Constellation

Constellation is a group of star that its amount is a little and usually given names base on their shapes.
We have already known names such us Scorpio, Librana and so on. Those names often we find in the column of horoscope in magazine or newspaper. That name is actually the name of constellation. The number of constellation that lies near to Earth is 12. besides names of those constellations, there are still another names such as: Ursa Major Constellation (big bear), Gemini constellation (the twin child), Hercules constellation (man of half god). The number of all constellations found by astronomers is 88.

Usually the name of constellation is taken from the name of figure in ancient legend. But every nation imagines the figure formed by that group of star according to their own imagination. For example Scorpio constellation is imagined by people of ancient Greek as Scorpion star.

Basically constellation in universe is found in two places:

1. in south hemisphere of celestial sphere

Consist of Centaurus (involves stars of Alpha Centauri and Betha Cenaturi), Virgo (that involves Spica star), Argo (involves Canopus star), Canis Major (involves Sirius star), and Orion (involves stars of Rigel and Waluku)

2. In north hemisphere of celestial sphere

Consists of constellation of Ursa Major, Aurigia (involves Capella star), Leo (involves Regulus star), Bootes (involves Arcturus star), Libra (involves Wega star), and Siginis (involves Deneb star).

The Method to Measure Temperature of The Star

2010-12-13T12:24:00.002+00:00

The Method to Measure Temperature of The Star

How can astronomers measure the temperature of a star?The questions often makes we think, it is remember the distance between star with Earth is very far, especially human ability is limited. Until now, human is not able yet to make plane that it can land on one star of universe’s inhabitant. Although astronomers using big telescope in observing a star, but the star observed is only seen as point of weak light.

Astronomers measure the temperature of the star by using big telescope, because the larger telescope the larger its power of magnification. Star can be photographed by using telescope, the light of the star is gathered by lens in its focus that is completed by film. Eventhough it has been magnified by complete device, often the light received by telescope is still weak, then required longer time for photography. For it can be learned carefully, the light of the star is refracted by prism, the refracted light is called spectrum.

The decomposition of light through the glass prism becomes spectrum is very important in determining temperature of a star, because large or small of star’s temperature can be observed through the decomposition of light color of that star. So the color of the star can be made reference to determine degree of high and low of star’s temperature.

For example, star that has red color is usually its temperature is less hot, on the contrary yellow color means hot and bluish white color is hotter than the colors of red and yellow. So astronomers, in determining the temperature of a star, they do not only use telescope, but they use measuring device and make calculation by using computer.

Base on its volume, the star in universe is divided into three kinds those are giant star, medium star and dwarf star.

Star

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Star

Star is celestial body that has its own light and consist of flaming gas. Space between one star to another star, is not empty space, but the collection of gas mixed with dust. That collection of gas and dust does not break because atoms in outer part is attracted to inside. Its attracted of outer part atom to inside is caused by the difference of gravitational force, that gravitational force of atom that is found inside is larger. As the effect of attraction of outer part atom to inside, the collection of gas and dust wrinkles and becomes dense, so temperature inside is high also that densing collection of gas and dust begin to emit light. This is forthcoming of a star called protostar.

Temperature in the center of protostar is higher, when it reaches 10 billion degree Celcius, it happens nucleate reaction where hydrogen is changed to be helium. The longer temperature in protostar increases and causes pressure, so the protostar does not wrinkle anymore, because the pressure inside is able to support the pressure of heavy outer part. If that process has happened, a new star has born.

The Occurrence of Universe

2010-12-10T13:43:00.003+00:00

The Occurrence of Universe

Universe is gathering place of celestial bodies that its area cannot be measured. To measure the area of universe, formerly we must measure area of each celestial body. This is not possible, because the celestial body that occupies the universe is so many like grain of the sand along the beach. The celestial bodies consists of: star, nebula, and solar system.

The happening of universe can be explained by three theories are as follows:

1. The Theory of Constant Condition

According to this theory, the universe always expands with constant velocity and formation of new materials keep going on, so in certain space is always found the equal number of materials. This theory does not know explosion to the center of universe.

2. The Big Bang Theory

According to this theory, the universe comes from horrifying explosion and galaxy will spread without limit, also that galaxy never comes back to the center of the universe.

3. Swaying Theory

According to this theory that all materials move away each other and come from the dense mass. Continuesly, that material its movement is slower then it stop and begin to crinkle again as the effect of gravitational force. Then the material will be dense and explode again. In this process there are no material that is destroyed or created, but only change in order.

The Effect of Earth’s Rotation

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1. It happens daylight and night.
2. It happens false revolution of celestial bodies, for example the circulation of the sun from East to west.
3. The bending of wind direction.

This corresponds with the contents of Buys Ballet’s law, that says:
1. Air moves from the maximum air pressure to region that has minimum air pressure.
2. In north hemisphere, the wind turns to the right and in south hemisphere to the left.

To be able to prove the motion of rotation is necessary done experiment. In the following are experiments that prove the presence of earth’s rotation.

1. Experiment With Falling Body

If you falls a body from a high place and the Earth does not rotate, the body will fall directly to the center point of the Earth. Because the Earth makes rotation then that body falls a little to the east from the center point of the Earth. Experiment with falling body is first time done by Benzenberg (1802).

2. Experiment by hanging Bullet in the Peak of Tower

If the Earth does not rotate, the bullet hung in the peak of tower will precisely fall in point B. Because all bodies on the Earth and its atmosphere follow to rotate, then rotational velocity at point A is larger than rotational velocity at point B. Body fallen from a point will follow rotational velocity of its origin place. So the bullet will also follow rotational velocity at point A. Meanwhile that bullet also through distance AB, tower has slided to east direction until A’. The distance of A-A’ is larger than B-B’ ,therefore bullet does not fall in B’ but in C that its location is to the east of point B’.

Lunar Eclipse and Solar Eclipse

2010-12-03T06:31:00.002+00:00

Lunar Eclipse and Solar Eclipse

Lunar Eclipse

Lunar eclipse often happens if Moon is in the position of opposition and lies in one knot so Earth’s umbra covers Moon, then it happens total lunar eclipse. On the contrary, if the moon lies around knot, so he Earth’s penumbra covers Moon, then it happens penumbra lunar eclipse.

Basically, the lunar eclipse is divided into three kinds, those are penumbra, partial and perfect lunar eclipse.

Solar Eclipse

Solar eclipse happens when it happens dead moon or new moon and in the position of conjunction.

There are three kinds of solar eclipse, those are as follows:
1. Total Solar Eclipse, it happens as the cause of core shadow of the moon falls to the Earth.
2. Partial Solar Eclipse, it happens if that covers Earth is only penumbra.
3. Ring Solar Eclipse, it happens if the Umbra of the Moon does not arrive to the Earth’s surface and sun appears as white ring around black ball.

The longest solar eclipse happened in 1955, it happened for 7.2 minutes that passed Sri Lanka, Thailand and Philipine.

Moon’s Aspect

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Moon’s Aspect

Moon’s aspect is the position of Moon to the Sun and that can be seen there are three kinds:

1. conjunction that is the position of Moon in parallel to the Sun and lies between Earth and the Sun. In that position Moon’s surface that faces to Earth does not get light (dark), in certain condition will happen new moon or dead moon and it can also happen lunar eclipse.

2. Opposition is the position of the Moon in opposite to the Sun, if it seen from Earth, tat time the Moon appears as full moon. In certain condition it can happen lunar eclipse.

3. First quarter is Moon occupies position perpendicular to connector line of the Earth and Sun. This aspect of first quarter causes bright part of the moon is only a half, and the bright moon lies in the west. Second quarter is half part of the Moon that bright faces to the Earth and the half position of moon that bright lies in the east.

Satellite

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Satellite

Satellite means follower. That is meant by the term of satellite here is celestial body that becomes follower of the planet. In this part will be discussed about natural satellite, that is satellite formed naturally, together with the formation process of the planet. Because its mass is smaller and lies in gravitational environment of certain planet, the satellite revolving the planet.

Recently, the term of satellite is used also for man-made thing that is orbited revolving our Earth. The second kind of satellite is called artificial satellite.

Almost every planet in our solar system have satellites, except Mercury. Venus and Asteroid. Our earth has one satellite called moon. Between one planet to another in our solar system has different amount. Moon’s satellite has enough influence to the life on Earth, for example has influence to large-small of sea tide.

From the result of research, Moon’s surface is not flat surface like we see from the Earth in full moon, but it has many mountains and full of craters. The condition does not mean in the Moon is many found volcanoes, but because many meteors has no atmosphere like Earth. One function of Earth’s atmosphere is protection Earth form celestial body that will fall, like meteor.

Meteor

2010-11-30T07:14:00.002+00:00

Meteor

In the discussion about meteor, we know three terms:
1. Meteoroid is a dense celestial body that flies irregularly and it has no fixed orbit.
2. Meteor is a meteoroid that enters into the Earth’s atmosphere.
3. Meteorite is a meteor that enters into Earth’s atmosphere in the form of rock and some of them have been broken.

Meteor is a very small cosmic body that is usually called dust, sand or sky grit. If those bodies if pass to close to the Earth and enter to the Earth’s atmospheric layer, it will rub against with the air layer so that body will be hot and burnt. Burning commonly does not happen for long time because the material of the cosmic body is not large. That’s why the light of meteor immediately turns off.

Although commonly the meteor has small size, but some meteors are large enough that are not burn at all during passing through the air and some part can reach the Earth. Some meteors have very large size called giant meteor such as one that fell in Siberia, United States, Russia, and in Arizona.

The kind of Meteoric stone (Meteorite):
1. Stony meteorite, that is meteoric stone that much contains calcium and magnesium.
2. Iron nickel meteorite, that is meteoric stone that contains iron (90%) and nickel (8%).
3. Toctitt, that is meteoric stone that contains kiesel acid (80%). This kind is found spreading from back India until Peru. The specific weight of Toctitt is about equal to the specific weight of the moon. So it appears assumption that toctitt comes from the Moon that is exploded by Moon’s volcanoes when there are still volcanic activities there.

Asteroid

2010-11-28T22:59:00.002+00:00

Asteroid

Asteroid or planetoid is a group of small planet that revolving the sun and lies between Mars and Jupiter.Base on to its shape asteroid is divided into 2 parts:
1. Large Asteroid, for example: Cars, Pallas, Vesta, Hygiren
2. Small Asteroid, for example: Eros, Hitos and Geografos.

The coagulation of glowing fog or planetesima or protoplanet, it does not only produce eight planets, but also its satellites. Asteroid also comes from planetesima.

Some small planets have diameter of 1 km, another mostly as large as moon. Asteroid that is the first time found by a Sicilian Clergyman in the first day of 19th century, that is Asteroid of name Ceres, the name of holy person and protector for Sicilian.

In the beginning asteroid is assumed only one. But, in the years later obviously is found 3 other asteroids and keep growing, until now it has been listed more that 2.000 asteroids. Its orbit is not only between Mars and Jupiter. There are asteroids are closer to the Earth than to Mars and some other are further than Jupiter measured from the Sun, such as Icarus and Apollo. That orbits around Jupiter’s orbit is called Troya asteroid. The main path of asteroid is called asteroid belt.

New Planet Found in Solar System

2010-11-28T03:03:00.002+00:00

New Planet Found in Solar System

New planet found in solar system is called Sedna. Sedan is first time seen on date of November 14th, 2003. sedan that is formerly called 2003 VB12 it is farthest celestial body that is found orbit to the sun. its distance from the sun is predicted three times farther than the distance of Pluto – Sun.

Although Sedna can be made object of Kuiper’s Belt, or it can also be called a planet, but its discoverers until now are still not sure about that thing. Some astronomers even suppose the object as Oort cloud that is just first time detected. The Oort cloud theoretically is the icy object that because of one reason can be comet.

Several years later, mainly after presence of shopisticated telescopes, several celestial bodies have been success found in the edge of solar system. For example the Quaoar, it is found in year 2002, it is an object with diameter of about 1,200 kilometers, Izion, its found in year 2001, its width is 1,065 kilometers. Meanwhile Varuna, it is found in year 2000, it has diameter of about 900 kilometers.

Recently, astronomers detect an object named 2004 DW, that is predicted it has section size of 1,800 km. Those discoveries have turned on debate about the definition of planet, because the objects found lies in category between planet and another celestial body of smaller size.

Until now, several scientists even still assume that Pluto is not a planet, but one of the biggest minor object in the edge of solar system. So, they who assume that Pluto is not planet, certainly reject the status of Sedna as planet also. But they who assume that Pluto is a planet, perhaps he must assume that Sedna as the tenth planet because it is not far different with Pluto, especially if it is true that it has moon.

The Discovery of New Planet

2010-11-26T22:23:00.002+00:00

The Discovery of New Planet

Astronomers have found the kind of recent planet that has similarity to the Earth. Those new of planets are predicted many found in the universe. The new kind of planet has characteristics they are included the most dwarf planet class that ever detected, their distance is less than 50 light years from the Earth. The new planet found is larger than Neptune and its circulatory period is very short.

Planets found beyond our solar system are:

1.Gilese 436
This planet lies in Leo group, its distance is 33 light years form the Earth.

2. Planet 55 Canory,
its characteristics:
a. orbits to a yellow star.
b. mass size is 18 times of Earth.
c. it has revolution period = 281 days.
d. its distance about 41 light years from the Earth.
e. it lies in cancer groupo.

Planet 55

Those two planets are found by using telescope in W.M. Keck observatory in Hawaii, Lick observatory in California and Mc.Donald observatory in Texas.