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Adobe photoshop CS6

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sun, 27 Feb 2022 14:30:00 +0000

Do you know ?

Thomas knoll invented the photoshop in 1987. At the time, the name of photoshop was display program. It was named as Adobe photoshop in 1990 when its 1.0 version came into the market.

FEATURES OF PHOTOSHOP CS6

There are numereous of photoshop that make it a unique and should and sound skilled software.

It has revised user friendly interface.
It can do photo editing and photo manipulation in less time and with little effort.
It has powerful tools to enhance or change the colour of an image by adjusting the brightness and contrast, colour balance, hue and situation levels, and curves, etc.
Layer effects preserve the original state of an image while manipulating another version of it through another layer.
It creates 3D icons.
It has auto Align and blend features which help to save time.

STARTING ADOBE PHOTOSHOP CS6

We can start Adobe photoshop CS6 with the help of start menu. you should follow these steps to start photoshop.

Start.
All programs.
Adobe photoshop CS6.

VARIOUS COMPONENTS OF PHOTOSHOP CS6

When welcome screen will be appeared, you can see various components of photoshop. let us learn about various components of photoshop CS6.

Title bar : It is the top most horizontal bar of the application which displays the name of the program.

Text menu : It is located below the title bar. it shows various different menus, like file, edit, image, layer, type , select , filter, view, window , and help.

Context menu : Its provides options related to the tool selected in the tools panel. It is also known as options bar.

Workspace : It contains the image that you want to edit. It is also known as image window or document view.

Tools panel : We can see it at the left side of the photoshop window. It offers various tools which help us to draw, paint and manipulate the images.

CREATING NEW FILE IN PHOTOSHOP

You should follow these steps to create new file in photoshop.

Open photoshop application software and select the File> New option.
The new dialog box appears, wherein you can set properties related to the new file.

In the New dialog box, you can change the following properties.

Name : Assigns a name to the file. by defaults, photoshop names the files as untitled-1,untitled-2, etc.
Width and Heights : Enter the width and height of the new file. you can choose the required units.
Resolution : Resolution is the number of pixels per inch that makes up an image.
Background contents : you can choose from while background, colour or transparent.

A new blank file will be appeared on the screen.
Now use the tools and create drawing in this file.
After finishing the work in photoshop you can save your file. click on file >Save As menu option to save a file.
Save As dialog box appears. type the name of the file in the file name : text box.
Click on the save button.
The photoshop file will be saved with .psd file extension.

TOOLS IN PHOTOSHOP

Tools panel consists of a collection of tools by which you can do all related tasks for image editing. these tools are classified in various categories as below.

SELECTION TOOLS.
DRAWING TOOLS.
PAINTING TOOLS.
RETOUCHING TOOLS.
VIEWING TOOLS.
TYPE TOOLS.

OPEN EXISTING FILE IN PHOTOSHOP

You should follow these steps to open an existing file.

Select the open menu option of file.
The open dialog box appears. select the file which you want to open.
click on the OK button. the image file will be opened.

TRANSMISSION MEDIA OF NETWORK

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Tue, 21 Dec 2021 11:45:00 +0000

TRANSMISSION MEDIA IS ALSO REFERRED AS TRANSMISSION CHANNELS OR COMMUNICATION NEDIA OR CHANNELS. BESIDES THEM WIFI AND BLUETOOTH ARE ALSO USED AS TRANSMISSION MEDIA AS WIRELESS COMMUNICATION. HERE'S SOME LISTS OF TRANSMISSION MEDIA WHICH USES:-

COAXIAL CABLE

IT IS MORE COSTLY COMPARED TO TWISTED- PAIR CABLE.
THIS CABLE PROVIDES HIGH BANDWIDTH.
DATA TRANSMISSION RATE OF THIS CABLE IS HIGH.
IT IS QUITE BULKY.
INSTALLATION OF THIS CABLE IS ALSO EASY.

COAXIAL CABLE

TWISTED PAIR CABLE

IT HAS LOW COST.
INSTALLATION THROUGH THIS CABLE IS EASY.
IT IS SUITABLE FOR SHORT DISTANCE NETWORKING.

TWISTED PAIR CABLE

FIBRE CABLE

IT IS GOOD FOR LARGE DISTANCE TRANSMISSION.
IT HAS QUITE HIGH BANDWITH.
IT IS SUITABLE FOR DIGITAL DATA TRANSMISSION.
IT HAS HIGH QUALITY TRANSMISSION.
IT IS VERY COSTLY.
IT IS DIFFICULT TO INSTALL AND MAINTAIN.

FIBRE CABLE

WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

IT HAS ELECTROMAGNETIC SIGNALS LIKE RADIO WAVES, MICROWAVES.
IT IS SUITABLE FOR LONG DISTANCE.
IT IS SUITABLE FOR AREAS WHERE INSTALLATION OF CABLE IS DIFFICULT SUCH AS MOUNTAINS, RIVERS AND SEA, ETC.

WI-FI

WI-FI STANDS FOR WIRELESS FIDELITY. IT IS MOST POPULAR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION PROTOCOL USED AT SMALL OFFICES, HOMES AND PUBLIC HOT SPOTS.

WI-FI DEVICES MAY NOT RECOGNIZE AND COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER AUTOMATICALLY, RATHER THEY MUST BE CONFIGURED TO SHARE DATA AND RESOURCES.

WI-FI

BLUETOOTH

BLUETOOTH IS A VERY SHORT RANGE (GENERALLY UP TO 32FT) WIRELESS TECHNOLOGY. IT CONSUMES LESS POWER, AND CHEAP AS COMPARE TO WI-FI.

BLUETOOTH

TYPES OF NETWORK

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Fri, 17 Dec 2021 02:23:00 +0000

ON THE BASIS OF GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OR PHYSICAL DISTANCE, THE NETWORKS ARE AGREED OF THREE TYPES.

LOCAL AREA NETPWORK (LAN).
METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN).
WIDE AREA NETWORK (WAN).

LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)

THIS IS A NETWORK USED IN LIMITED AREA ( UP TO 1 KILOMETER ). IT CONNECTS COMPUTERS OF DIFFERENT TYPES WITH VARIOUS SHAREABLE DEVICE TO USE THEIR RESOURCES AT OPTIMAL LEVEL. THESE COMPUTERS AND DEVICES ARE CONNECTED THROUGH COMMUNICATION MEDIA SUCH AS TWISTED PAIR CABLE OR COAXIAL CABLE.

FEATURES

MAJOR FEATURES OF LAN ARE :-

IT IS DESIGNED FOR A SMALL AREA (MAXIMUM UP TO 1 KILOMETER).
IT SUPPORTS LESS NUMBER OF USERS. HOWEVER DIFFERENT LANs CAN BE CONNECTED TOGETHER TO INCREASE THE NUMBER OF USERS.
GENERALLY A SINGLE PERSON OR SINGLE ORGANISATION OWNS LAN.
IT PROVIDES QUITE HIGH DATA TRANSMISSION.

LAN

2. METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN).

THIS NETWORK INTERCONNECTS COMPUTERS OF A SPECIFIC MIDDLE SIZED GEOGRAPHICAL AREA NORMALLY CITY. IT IS SPECIALLY USED IN METROPOLITAN CITIES SO IT IS REFFERED AS METROPOLITAN AREA NETWORK (MAN).

FEATURES OF MAN

MAJOR FEATURES OF MAN ARE:-

IT IS DESIGNED FOR MID-SIZED AREA (MAXIMUM UP TO 80 KILOMETERS).
IT SUPPORTS MORE NUMBER OF USERS.
OWNERS MAY BE A SINGLE PERSON OR GROUP OF MANY PERSONS.
IT REQUIRES EXPENSIVE COMMUNICATION MEDIA LIKE FIBRE OR MICROWAVE.
IT ALSO PROVIDES A HIGH DATA TRANSMISSION RATE.

MAN

3. WIDE AREA NETWORK

IT IS A NETWORK THAT INTERCONNECTS COMPUTERS AND OTHER RESOURCES LYING IN A LARGE GEOGRAPHICAL AREA. THIS GEOGRAPHICAL AREA MAY COVER DIFFERENT CITIES, OR DIFFERENT COUNTRIES. IT GENERALLY USES FIBRE OPTICS OR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION MEDIA.

THE BEST EXAMPLES OF WANs ARE :

INTERNET AND INTRANET IN A LARGE MULTINATIONAL COMPANY HAVING ITS STATIONS SITUATED FAR AND WIDE.
ATM (AUTOMATIC TELLER MACHINE) FACILITY IS THE RESULT OF WAN.
MULTINATIONAL BANK CUSTOMER SERVICE.

FEATURES OF WAN

IT IS DESIGNED FOR A VERY LARGE AREA, SO IT IS A WORLDWIDE NETWORK.
IT CAN SUPPORT VERY LARGE NUMBER OF USERS.
IT IS NOT OWNED BY A SINGLE PERSON OR SINGLE ORGANISATION.
IT IS SHARED BY QUITE LARGE NUMBER OF USERS AND IS NOT AS SECURE AS LAN.
IT REQUIRES EXPENSIVE COMMUNICATION MEDIA (SUCH A FIBRE OPTIC OR MICROWAVE AND SATELLITE).
ITS TRANSMISSION SPEED IS LESS THAT OF LAN.
IT IS LESS RELIABLE THAN LAN.

WAN

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NETWORKING IN COMPUTER

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sun, 12 Dec 2021 18:30:00 +0000

CONTENT:-

IMPORTANCE OF NETWORKING.
RELATED THINGS WITH COMPUTER NETWORK.
ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING.
DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING.

IMPORTANCE OF NETWORK

A COMPUTER NETWORK IS USED FOR SHARING INFORMATION AND RESOURCES AND ITS BENEFICIAL FOR CENTRALISED ANY SERVICES. DO YOU KNOW IF ANY SERVICE IS CENTRALISED THEN YOU MAY AVAIL RELATED FACILITY FROM FAR AWAY PLACE. EXAMPLE ATM IS A DEVICE THAT IS RELATED TO COMPUTERS OF BANK. NETWORKING MAKES MANY WORKS OF HUMAN LIFE EASY AND DECREASES THE VARIOUS OVERHEADS RELATED TO THESE TASKS.

RELATED THINGS WITH COMPUTER NETWORK

EACH NETWORK HAS A CERTAIN PURPOSE. THE TRANSFER OR COMMUNICATION OF DATA OR INFORMATION IS CALLED DATA COMMUNICATION.

MANY TIMES SEVERAL COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED TO A BIG COMPUTER, IN SUCH A WAY AS ALL COMPUTERS CAN COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER THROUGH THE MAIN COMPUTER.

IN THIS CONDITION, THE MAIN COMPUTER IS CALLED SERVER AND ALL THE REMAINING COMPUTERS ARE CALLED CLIENTS OR NODES. ALL THESE COLLECTIVELY CALLED A WORKGROUP.

ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING

THE MAJOR ADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING ARE:-

HARDWARE COST REDUCTION : DUE TO SHARING, DEVICES LIKE PRINTER, SCANNER WHICH ARE NOT USED VERY OFTEN CAN BE SHARED EASILY. THIS REDUCE HARDWARE COST.
EFFICIENT USE OF STORAGE : BY STORING SHARABLE DATA ON A NETWORK, THERE IS NO NEED TO PLACE THE SAME DATA ON ALL THE COMPUTERS. THIS SAVES A LOT OF STORAGE.
TEAM WORK : DUE TO FAST TRANSMISSION OF DATA/ MESSAGE, IT BECOMES POSSIBLE FOR DIFFERENT USERS IN NETWORK TO WORK AS TEAM.
CENTRALISED SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT : NETWORKING PROVIDES CENTRALISED SOFTWARE MANAGEMENT. ALL THE REQUIRED SOFTWARE CAN BE LOADED ONLY ON ONE COMPUTER( CALLED SERVER) AND ALL THE COMPUTERS IN NETWORKING CAN USE THEM.
JOB SHARING : JOB SHARING IS POSSIBLE, I.E IT IS POSSIBLE TO SHIFT JOB PROCESSING TO SOME MORE OR LESS BUSY COMPUTER INSTEAD OF SLOW OR OVERLOADED COMPUTER IN THE NETWORK.

DISADVANTAGES OF NETWORKING

EVERYTHING HAS ITS SOME NEGATIVE SIDE TOO SO COMPUTER NETWORK TOO.

EXPENSIVE : NETWORKING REQUIRES ADDITIONAL DEVICE AND SKILLED PERSONS. ITS MAKES NETWORKING EXPENSIVE AND MAINLY STARTING DURATION.
DATA SECURITY : AN UNAUTHORISED PERSON CAN ACCESS THA DATA DUE TO REMOTE LOGIN FACILITY AND WEAK PASSWORD. MORE STRICT PARAMETERS ARE NEEDED IN WIRELESS NETWORKS.
FAKE INFORMATION : A MESSAGE CAN BE SENT ALL AROUND THE WORLD THROUGH INTERNET WITHIN SECOND. FAKE INFORMATION THROUGH BASELESS MESSAGES CAN CREATE MANY SOCIAL ANDPOLITICAL PROBLEMS.
HACKING : COMPUTER NETWORKS MAY BE USED FOR HACKING EASILY. ANY FLAW IN SECURITY MAY ALLOW HACKERS TO STEAL OR DAMAGE IMPORTANT DATA.

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COMPONENTS OF NETWORK

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sat, 11 Dec 2021 18:30:00 +0000

WHEN A COMPUTER NETWORK IS ESTABLISED THERE IS LOT OF THINGS REQUIRED TO IMPLEMENT THIS. SOME OF THEM MAY BE HARDARE AND SOME OF THEM MAY BE SOFTWARE. THESE THINGS DEPEND UPON TYPE OF COMPUTER NETWORK ALSO. SOME USED COMPONENTS ARE AS FOLLOWING.

NETWORK INTERFACE CARD (NIC)

A NETWORK CARD IS USED TO ATTACH A COMPUTER PHYSICALLY TO NETWORK. NIC IS ALSO REFFERED AS LAN CARD OR ETHERNET CARD. BY THE HELP OF THIS COMPUTER CAN PARTICIPATE IN NETWORK COMMUNICATION. NOW A DAYS MOST OF THE COMPUTERS COME WITHIN INBUILT CARD.

NIC CARD

NETWORK CABLE

TRANSMISSION MEDIA IS A PATH BY WHICH MESSAGE TRAVELS FROM SOURCE TO DESTINATION IN THE NETWORK. IT MAY BE SOME WIRE (COAXIAL CABLE OR FIBRE OPTICS), RADIO WAVE, MICROWAVE, OR SATELLITE. MODERN ETHERNET NETWORKS USE A TWISTED PAIR CABLE CONTAINING EIGHT WIRES.

NETWORK CABLE

HUB

IT IS A CENTRAL HARDWARE DEVICE THAT MESSAGE THE FLOW OF INFORMATION AMONG VARIOUS NODES (COMPUTERS) IN THE NETWORK.

HUB

BRIDGE

BRIDGE IS A DEVICE USED TO CONNECT TWO IDENTICAL LOCAL AREA NETWORKS(LANs).

BRIDGE

REPEATER

INFORMATION CARRYING SIGNALS IN NETWORK GET WEAK AFTER TRAVELLING CERTAIN DISTANCE. REPEATER IS A DEVICE THAT RECEIVES THE SIGNAL BEFORE IT BECOMES TOO WEAK AND CREATES ITS COPY BIT BY BIT AT THE ORIGINAL STRENGTH.

REPEATER

ROUTER

ROUTER IS A DEVICE USED TO CONNECT TWO NON-IDENTICAL NETWORKS. IT IS USED TO ROUTE THE DATA ACROSS DIFFERENT PARTS OF THE NETWORK WHEN THE COMPUTERS ARE CONNECTED IN WAN (WIDE AREA NETWORK).

ROUTER

GATEWAY

GATEWAY IS A DEVICE USED TO CONNECT TWO DISSIMILAR LANs. IT IS REQUIRED TO CONVERT DATA PACKETS FROM ONE PROTOCOL FORMAT TO ANOTHER BEFORE FORWARDING IT.

GATEWAY

CONNECTOR

CONNECTOR IS A DEVICE THAT JOINS TWO COMPUTER OR NETWORKS TOGETHER.

CONNECTOR

NETWORK OPERATING SYSTEM (NOS)

NOS IS A SPECIALISED OPERATING SYSTEM REQUIRED BY ALL THE COMPUTERS IN THE NETWORK. IT ENABLES SERVICES AND SHARING OF THE VARIOUS RESOURCES IN THE NETWORK AND CO-ORDINATION AMONG THEM.

NOS

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DOMAIN NAMES

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sun, 05 Dec 2021 03:54:00 +0000

WHAT IS DOMAIN NAME?

A DOMAIN NAME IS AN IDENTIFICATION STRING THAT DEFINES A REALM OF ADMISTRATIVE AUTHORITY WITHIN INTERNET.

WHAT IS USES OF A DOMAIN NAME?

THE DOMAIN NAME IS A COMPONENT OF A UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR (URL) USED TO ACCESSED WEB SITES.

LIST OF DOMAIN NAME:-

.COM = COMMERCIAL.
.NET = NETWORK.
.ORG = ORGANISATION.
.INFO = INFORMATION.
.GOV = GOVERNMENT.
.EDU = EDUCATION.
.MOBI = MOBILE.
.IN = INDIA.
.EU = EUROPEAN UNION.
.UK = UNITED KINGDOM.
.PRO = PROFESSIONAL.
.BIZ = BUSINESS.
.INT = INTERNATIONAL.
.ARPA = ADDRESS AND ROUTING PARAMENT AREA.
.TECH = TECHNOLOGY.
.TV = TELEVISION.
.SITE = WEBSITE.

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SHORTCUT KEYS

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sun, 05 Dec 2021 02:43:00 +0000

WHAT IS SHORTCUT KEYS?

IN COMPUTING, A LKEYBOARD SHORTCUT IS A SERIES OF ONE OR SEVERAL KEYS THAT INVOKE A SOFTWARE PROGRAM TO PERFORM A PREPROGRAMMED ACTION.

WHAT IS THE USES OF SHORTCUT KEYS?

KEYBOARD SHORTCUT KEYBOARD SHORCUTS ARE GENERALLY USED TO EXPEDITE COMMON OPERATIONS BY REDUCING INPUT SEQUENCES TO A FEW KEYSTROKES, HENCE THE TERM "SHORTCUT".

all shortcut keys of computer

SHORTCUT KEYS

THERE ARE 26 SHORCUT KEYS ARE THERE IN SHORCUT KEYBOARD KEYS.

CTRL+A = ALL SELECT.
CTRL+B = BOLD.
CTRL+C = COPY.
CTRL+D = FONT / DUPLICATE.
CTRL+E = CENTER ALIGNMENT.
CTRL+F = FIND.
CTRL+G = GO TO.
CTRL+H = REPLACE.
CTRL+I = ITALIC.
CTRL+J = JUSTIFY.
CTRL+K = HYPERLINK.
CTRL+L = LEFT ALIGNMENT.
CTRL+M = INCREASE INDENT.
CTRL+N = NEW.
CTRL+O = OPEN.
CTRL+P = PRINT.
CTRL+Q = DECREASE INDENT.
CTRL+R = RIGHT ALIGNMENT.
CTRL+S = SAVE.
CTRL+T = HANGING BULLETS.
CTRL+U = UNDERLINE.
CTRL+V = PASTE.
CTRL+W = CLOSE WINDOW / RESIZE.
CTRL+X = CUT.
CTRL+Y = REDO.
CTRL+Z = UNDO.

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ALL COMPUTER RELATED FULL FORMS

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Sat, 04 Dec 2021 03:06:00 +0000

COMPUTER = COMMON OPERATING MACHINE PARTICULARLY USED FOR TECHNOLOGY, EDUCATION AND RESEARCH.
CPU = CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT.
RAM = RANDOM ACCESS MEMORY.
ROM = READ ONLY MEMMORY.
PROM = PROGRAMMABLE READ ONLY MEMORY.
EPROM = ERASABLE PROM.
EEPROM = ELECTRICALLY EPROM.
HDD = HARD DISK DRIVE.
FDD = FLOPPY DISK DRIVE.
KBD = KEYBOARD.
I/O = INPUT & OUTPUT.
CD = COMPACT DISK.
SMPS = SWITCH MODE POWER SUPPLY.
DVD = DIGITAL VIDEO DISK.
POST = POWER ON SELF TEST.
BIOS = BASIC INPUT OUTPUT SYSTEM.
VDU = VISUAL DISPLAY UNIT.
LED = LIGHT EMBEDDED DIODE.
LCD = LIQUID DISPLAY DIODE.
USB = UNIVERSAL SERIAL BUS.
VGA = VISUAL GRAPHIC ADAPTER.
LAN = LOCAL AREA NETWORK.
WAN = WIDE AREA NETWORK.
MAN = METROPOLIAN AREA NETWORK.
HLL = HIGH LEVEL LANGUAGE.
LLL = LOW AREA NETWORK.
MIPS = MILLIONS OF INSTRUCTION PER SECOND.
MBPS = MEGA BITS PER SECOND.
KBPS = KILO BITS PER SECOND.
HTTP = HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL.
WWW = WORLD WIDE WEB.
IP = INTERNET PROTOCOL.
ISP = INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDER.
4 BITS = 1 NIBBLE.
8 BITS = 1 BYTE.
1024 BYTES = 1 KILO BYTE (KB).
1024 KB = 1 MEGA BYTE (MB).
1024 MB = 1 GYGA BYTE (GB).
1024 GB = 1 TERA BYTE (TB).
1024 TB = 1 PETA BYTE (PB).
1024 PB = 1 EXA BYTE (EB).
1024 EB = 1 ZETTA BYTE (ZB).
1024 ZB = 1 YOTTA BYTE (YB).
HTTPS = HYPER TEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL SECURE.
URL = UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR.
VIRUS = VITAL INFORMATION RESOURCE UNDER SEIZED.
SIM = SUBSCRIBER INDENTIFY MODULE.
GIF = GRAPHIC INTERCHANGEABLE FORMAT.
JPEG = JOINT PHOTOGRAPHIC EXPERT GROUP.
BMP = BITMAP.
PNG = PORTABLE NETWORK GRAPHIC.
DOC = DOCUMENT.
PDF = PORTABLE DOCUMENT FORMAT.
HTML = HYPER TEXT MARKUP LANGUAGE.
CRT = CATHODE RAY TUBE.
GUI = GRAPHIC USER INTERFACE.
UPS = UNINTERRUTIBLE POWER SUPPLY.

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FUNDAMENTALS OF COMPUTER

noreply@blogger.com (AS4) — Wed, 01 Dec 2021 02:46:00 +0000

INTRODUCTION

AS THE WORLD OF TECHNOLOGY IS GROWING. IT PROOVEN THAT "TECHNOLOGY" WORD IS OUR FUTURE. HENCE, MANY OF THE INVENTIONS IS BEING INVENTING NOW A DAYS AND MANY OF THE PEOPLES INVENTED A LOT OF THINGS AND ONE OF THEM IS COMPUTER, WHICH PROOVED VERY USEFUL NOT ONLY FOR YOUNG'S NOR FOR CHILDREN AND NOR EVEN FOR OLD PERSONS, THIS IS USEFUL FOR ALL OF US.

BY THE HELP OF COMPUTER, WE MAY TAKE CLASSES WHICH IS NOW A DAYS POPULARLY KNOWN AS "WORK FROM HOME". NOT ONLY THIS, BUT WE ALSO USE COMPUTER FOR DIFFERENT PURPOSES. IN SHORT, COMPUTER GENERATED AN WIRELESS ECONOMY IN THE ENTIRE WORLD, WHICH HELPS US.

ABOUT COMPUTER

A COMPUTER IS A MACHINE THAT CAN BE PROGRAMMED TO CARRY OUT SEQUENCES OF AIRTHMETIC OR LOGICAL OPERATIONS AUTOMATICALLY.

IN SIMPLE LANGUAGE, COMPUTER IS A ELECTRONIC MACHINE WHICH PROCESS BY THE USER'S INPUT AND RESULT AS OUTPUT.

INVENTION OF COMPUTER

THE FIRST COMPUTER WAS INVENTED BY CHARLES BABBAGE(1822) BUT WAS NOT BUILT UNTIL 1991. ALAN TURING INVENTED COMPUTER SCIENCE. THE ENIAC(1945) WAS THE FIRST ELECTRONIC GENERAL-PURPOSE DIGITAL COMPUTER, IT FILLED A ROOM.

CHARLES BABBAGE

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

OS STAND FOR OPERATING SYSTEM. AND ITS PERFORMANCE ALL THE BASIC TASKS LIKE MANAGING FILES, PROCESS, AND MEMORY.

OPERATING SYSTEM

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER

GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER HAVE A BIG ROLL IN THE HISTORY OF COMPUTER. HENCE, THERE IS 5 GENERATIONS OF COMPUTER ARE:-

FIRST GENERATION (1940-1956) :- THE COMPUTER OF FIRST GENERATION USED VACUMM TUBE AS THE BASIC COMPONENTS MEMORY AND CIRCUITRY FOR CPU(CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT). THESE TUBES, LIKE ELECTRIC BULBS, PRODUCED A LOT OF HEAT AND THE INSTALLATIONS USED TO FUSE FREQUENTLY.

FIRST GENERATION COMPUTER

SECOND GENERATIONS (1956-1963) :-

THE SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER WERE DEVELOPED BY USING TRANSISTOR TECHNOLOGY. IN THE COMPARISON TO THE FIRST GENERATION, THE SIZE OF SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER WAS SMALLER.

SECOND GENERATION COMPUTER

THIRD GENERATION (1964-1971) :-

AS COMPARED TO PREVIOUS GENERTAIONS, THE THIRD GENERATIONS COMPUTER WERE MORE RELIABLE, FAST, EFFICIENT, LESS EXPENSIVE, AND SMALLER IN SIZE. IN THIRD GENERATION COMPUTER HIGH-LEVEL PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES WERE USED. THIRD GENERATION COMPUTERS WERE WORKING DURING THE 1964-1971 WITH INTREGATED CIRCUIT.

THIRD GENERTATION COMPUTER

FOURTH GENERATION (1971-2000) :-

THIS TECHNOLOGY IS BASED ON MICROPROCESSOR. A MICROPROCESSOR IS IS USED IN A COMPUTER FOR LOGICAL AND AIRTHMETIC FUNCTION TO BE PERFORMED IN A PROGRAM. THE FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER IS A COMPUTER WHICH WE ARE USING NOW A DAYS.

FOURTH GENERATION COMPUTER

FIFTH GENERATION (2000-NOW)

FIFTH GENERATION IS OUR FUTURE TECHNOLOGY. THE ULSI(ULTRA LARGE SCALE INTEGRATION) TECHNOLOGY IS USED IN THIS GENERATION OF COMPUTERS. NATURAL LANGUAGE PROCESSING IS NOW IN ITS PHASE OF DEVELOPMENT. IN THIS GENERATION'S COMPUTER, ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE HAS PROGRESSED. PARALLEL PROCESSING HAS ADVANCED ON THESE COMPUTERS.

FIFTH GENERATION COMPUTER

TYPES OF COMPUTER

AS WE ALL KNOW THAT IF THE COMPUTER SO MUCH DIFFERENT GENERATIONS, THERE IS MUST SOME TYPES OF COMPUTER. MAINLY THERE IS 4 TYPES OF COMPUTER ARE:-

SUPERCOMPUTER:-

A SUPERCOMPUTER IS A COMPUTER WITH HIGH LEVEL OF PERFORMANCE AS COMPARED TO A GENERAL-PURPOSE COMPUTER. A SUPERCOMPUTER IS THE FASTEST COMPUTER IN THE WORLD THAT CAN PROCESS A SIGNIFICIANT AMOUNT OF DATA VERY QUICKLY.

SUPERCOMPUTER

MAINFRAME COMPUTER:-

A MAINFRAME COMPUTER IS THE FASTEST COMPUTER AFTER SUPERCOMPUTER TO EXECUTE COMPLEX AND LENGTHY CALCULATIONS. A MAINFRAME COMPUTER IS MORE POWERFUL MINI AND MICRO COMPUTER, BUT LESS POWERFUL THAN SUPERCOMPUTER.

MANIFRAME COMPUTER

MINI COMPUTER:-

A MINICOMPUTER IS A TYPE OF COMPUTER THAT POSSESSES MOST OF THE FEATURES AND CAPABLITIES OF A LARGE COMPUTER BUT IS SMALLER IN PHYSICAL SIZE.

MINI COMPUTER

MICRO COMPUTER

A MICROCOMPUTER IS A SMALL, RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE COMPUTER WITH A MICRO PROCESSOR AS ITS CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT UNIT (CPU). COMMON MICROCOMPUTER INCLUDE LAPTOPS AND DESKTOPS.

MICRO COMUTER

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER:-

ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER:-

SPEED:-

THIS IS ONE OF THE BIGGEST ADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER. A COMPUTER CAN PERFORM MILLIONS OF INSTRUCTION PER SECOND (MIPS).

ACCURACY:-

COMPUTER NOT ONLY PROVIDE INCREDIBLE SPEED, INSTEAD, THEY ALSO GIVE YOU ALMOST 100% ACCURACY.

MULTI-TASKING:-

MULTITASKING IS ONE OF THE MAJOR BENEFITS OF COMPUTER. A PERSON CAN DO MANY DIFFERENT TASK AT THE SAME TIME WHILE WORKING ON A COMPUTER.

STORAGE:-

COMPUTER CAN STORE AND ACCESS VAST AMOUNTS OF DATA OR INFORMATION. THE STORAGE CAPACITY HAS INCREASED THESE DAYS COMPARED TO EARLIER DAYS.

AUTOMATION:-

THE COMPUTER CAN ALSO BE USED TO AUTOMATEREGULAR TASKS SUCH AS LAUNCHING SPECIFIC APPILICATIONS OR SOFTWARE, SENDING EMAILS, SCANNING VIRUSES AND MANY OTHER MAINTENANCE TASKS.

DISADVANTAGES OF COMPUTER

HEALTH ISSUES

TOO MUCH SITTING. TOO MUCH OF ANYTHING IS BAD, AND TOO MUCH SITTING FOR A LONG TIME AND BECOMING A MOUSE POTATO CAN LEAD TO HEALTH PROBLEMS.

PRIVACY LOSS

POTENTIAL OF LOSS OF PRIVACY. WITH COMPUTER STORING SO MUCH PERSONAL INFORMATION, IT'S AT RISK OF GETTING INTO THE HANDS OF OTHERS.

CAUSE DISEASE

A COMPUTERREQUIRES A LOT OF REPETITIVE MOVEMENT THAT OFTEN LEADS TO CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME.

WASTAGE OF TIME

ALTHOUGH A COMPUTER INCREASE YOUR PRODUCTIVITY, IT ALSO CAN WASTE A LOT OF YOUR TIME.

REDUCES JOBS

CAN REDUCED JOBS. AS COMPUTER SMARTER AND MORE CAPABLE, THEY ALSO REPLACED THE NEED OF JOBS.

COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER:-

WITHOUT THE COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER, COOMPUTER IS LIKE A BODY WITHOUT HEART. COMPONENTS OF COMPUTER INCLUDES A LOT OF THINGS. ALTHOUGH, THE OUR TECHNOLOGY INCREASED SO MUCH THAT ALL THE COMPONENTS ARE COMES SIMUTANEOUSLY. HERE TEH LIST OF BASIC COMPONENTS F COMPUTER.

MONITOR:-

A COMPUTER MONITOR IS AN ELECTRONIC VISUAL DISPLAY FOR COMPUTER. IT USED TO DISPLAY THE OUTPUT OF THE COMPUTER"S CPU, HARD SYSTEM DRIVES, ETC. IT USUALLY CONNECTED TO THE PC VIA VGA, DVI, HDMI, DISPLAY PORT, OR USB.

MONITOR

CPU:-

A CENTRAL PROCESSING UNIT (CPU), ALSO CALLED CENTRAL PROCESSOR, IS THE ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY THAT EXECUUTES INSTRUCTIONS COMPRISING A COMPUTER PROGRAM. THE CPU PERFORMS BASIC AIRTHMETIC, LOGIC, CONTROLLING, AND INPUT/OUTPUT (I/O) OPERATIONS SPECIFIC BY THE INSTRUCTIONS IN THE PROGRAM.

CPU

KEYBOARD:-

A KEYBOARD CONTAINS MANY MECHANICAL SWITCHES OR PUSH-BUTTONS CALLED "KEYS". WHEN ONE OF THESE ARE PUSHED, AN ELECTRICAL CIRCUIT IS CLOSED, AND THE KEYBOARD SENDS A SIGNALS TO THE COMPUTER.

KEYBOARD

MOUSE:-

A COMPUTER MOUSE IS A HAND-HELD POINTING DEVICE THAT DETECTS TWO-DIMENSIONAL MOTION RELATIVE TO A SURFACE. THIS MOTION IS TYPICALLY TRANSLATED INTO THE MOTION OF A POINTER ON A DISPLAY, WHICH ALLOWS A SMOOTH CONTROL OF THE GRAPHICAL USER INTERFACE OF A COMPUTER.

MOUSE

UPS:-

AN UNINTERRUPTIBLE POWER SOURCE IS AN ELECTRICAL APPRATUS THAT PROVIDES EMERGENVCY POWER TO A LOAD WHEN THE INPUT POWER SOURCE OR MAIN POWER FAILS.

UPS

PRINTER:-

A PRINTER IS A PERIPHERAL MACHINE WHICH MAKES A PERSISTENT REPRESENTATION OF GRAPHICS TEXT, USUALLY ON PAPER.

PRINTER

INPUT AND OUTPUT DEVICE:-

INPUT DEVICE:-

IN COMPUTING, AN INPUT DEVICE IS A PIECE OF EQUIPMENT USED TO PROVIDE DATA AND CONTROL SIGNALS.

EXAMPLE OF INPUT DEVICES:- KEYBOARD, MOUSE, JOYSTICK, MICROPHINE ETC.

INPUT DEVICE

OUTPUT DEVICE:-

ANY INFORMATION THAT IS PROCESSED BY AND SENT OUT IS CALLED OUTPUT DEVICE.

EXAMPLE OF OUTPUT DEVICE:- PRINTER, COMPUTER MONITOR, PLOTTER, LOUDSPEAKER ETC.

OUTPUT DEVICE

HARDWARE AND SOFTWARE:-

HARDWARE:-

HARDWARE DEVICE INCLUDES THE PHYSICAL PARTS OF COMPUTER.

EXAMPLES OF HARDWARE:- MONITOR, MOUSE, KEYBOARD, PRINTER ETC.

HARDWARES

SOFTWARE:-

SOFTWARE DEVICE IS THE SET OF INSTRUCTION RUN BY HARDWARE. OR SOFTWARE IS THE SET OF COLLECTION THAT TELL A COMPUTER HOW TO WORK.

EXAMPLE OF SOFTWARE:- GOOGLE CHROME, INTERNET EXPLORER, MICROSOFT EXCEL, MICROSOFT PAINT ETC.

SOFTWARE