Study & Living in Canada

Studying & Working in Canada

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 18:56:00 +0000

Studying & find jobs in Canada

It is possible to work in Canada while you are here as a student, and there are opportunities for jobs on and off campus. You will need to apply

- Working on campus
- Working off campus
- Co-op and internship programs
- Working after graduation
- Work available to your spouse or common-law partner

Stuying in Canada Working
Working on campus
You may work on campus at the institution where you study without a work permit if:
you are a full-time student at:
a public post-secondary institution, such as a college or university, or a collège d’enseignement général et professionnel (CEGEP) in Quebec
a private post-secondary institution that operates under the same rules and regulations as a public institution, and receives at least 50 percent of its financing for its overall operations from government grants (currently only private college-level educational institutions in Quebec qualify) or
a Canadian private institution authorized by provincial statute to confer degrees and you have a valid study permit.

Study permits| Extending your stay ( Studying in Canada)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 18:38:00 +0000

Studying in Canada: Study permits—Extending your stay
Renewing your study permit
If you want to extend your stay in Canada as a student, you must complete the Application to Change Conditions or Extend Your Stay in Canada. Check the expiry date on your study permit, and make sure you apply before that date. You should apply for renewal at least 30 days before your current permit expires.

If you apply for a renewal of your study permit, and the permit expires before you receive an answer, you can continue to study in Canada under the same conditions until you receive a decision.

You should apply to renew your study permit if you intend to travel outside Canada and your permit will expire while you are travelling.

You cannot extend your study permit beyond the expiry date on your passport.

If your study permit has expired, and you have not applied for an extension, you must leave Canada.

Restoring your status
In some cases, you may apply to restore your status as a student within 90 days of losing it. You may only apply if you have continued to meet the requirements under which you were allowed to enter and stay in Canada and you have met all the conditions imposed on your permit.

After you apply to restore your status, you may stay in Canada until a decision is made on your application but you are not allowed to study until your status has been restored.
There is no guarantee that your application to restore your status will be accepted. On your application, you must provide full details of all the facts and circumstances that caused you to lose your status.
In addition to a fee for renewing your study permit, there is also a fee for restoring your status. The fee is required for each family member who has lost status. To find out about application fees, go to Pay my application fees.
An officer will evaluate your request for restoration of status and will process an application for a study permit. Citizenship and Immigration Canada will advise you of any further action to be taken.

you can also apply online to extend your stay in Canada as a student.
*this article just for informational purposes, not official information.

Arriving | Studying in Canada: Study permits

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 18:09:00 +0000

come and visit to Canada for living & study.
When you arrive in Canada, you will be met by an officer from the Canada Border Services Agency (CBSA) at a point of entry, such as an airport. The CBSA is responsible for border and point of entry activities in Canada.
1. The documents you need to enter Canada
2. Citizens or residents of the United States, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon and Greenland
3. Disclosure of funds
4. What you can bring to Canada
5. Understanding the terms and conditions of your study permit
6. Leaving and coming back to Canada
7. Health insurance
more information visit to http://www.cic.gc.ca/

*this article just for informational purposes, not official information.

Studying in Canada: Study permits (after applying)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:27:00 +0000

Studying in Canada: Study permits(After applying)

The status of your application
Processing times vary depending on the Canadian visa office where you submitted your application. You can check processing times in the I Need To… section on the right-hand side of this page.

The visa office will review your application to make sure you have completed it correctly and have included all the required documents. If your application is incomplete, it will not be processed—it will be returned to you.

If your application is complete, the visa office will review it and decide if an interview is necessary. If so, the officer will inform you of the time and place.

Change of address
If you move or change your address, telephone number or any other contact information after you submit your application, you must notify the visa office where you submitted your application.

If your application is approved
If your application is approved, you will receive the following:

A letter of introduction will be sent to you confirming the approval. This letter is not your study permit. Bring the letter of introduction with you to show to immigration officials at the point of entry when you arrive in Canada.
A temporary resident visa (TRV) will be issued if you are from a designated country for which Canada requires a visa. (You can find a list of designated countries in the Related Links section at the bottom of this page.) The TRV will be in your passport. The expiry date on this visa indicates the date by which you must enter Canada. You must enter Canada before your TRV expires. The TRV will also indicate if you can enter Canada only once (a single-entry visa) or if you can enter Canada multiple times (a multiple-entry visa).

If your application is not approved
If your application is not approved, the visa office will send you a letter explaining why your application has been refused. An application might be refused for several reasons:

You have not shown proof that you have enough money to support yourself while studying in Canada.
You have not passed the medical examination if one was required.
You have not satisfied the visa officer that your primary intention in Canada is to study.
You have not satisfied the visa officer that you will leave Canada at the end of your period of study.
If you have questions about your refusal, contact the visa office that issued the refusal letter.

*this article just for informational purposes, not official information.

Studying in Canada: Study permits: How to apply

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 17:10:00 +0000

How to apply for Studying in Canada
There are 10 steps to apply for a study permit:
1. Check the application processing times.
2. Obtain and print the application.
3. Determine where you will submit your application.
4. Collect the documents you need to apply.
5. If studying in Quebec, check the provincial guidelines.
6. Complete your application for a study permit.
7. Pay the correct processing fee.
8. Check your application.
9. Submit the application form.
10. Supply additional information or documents.

1. Check the application processing times. This will give you an idea of how long it will take to process your application.

2. Obtain and print the application package.
The package includes the application guide and all the forms you need to fill out. Download and print the application package.

Depending on your citizenship or where you live, you may need a temporary resident visa as well as a study permit. Check the List of designated countries in the Related Links section at the bottom of this page. If you are from one of the designated countries, a visa officer will process your application for a temporary resident visa at the same time. You do not need a separate application.

3. Determine where you will submit your application.
You must submit your application to the visa office that is responsible for the country or region where you live. Find a list of visa offices.

4. Collect the documents you need to apply.
You can find a list of the documents you will need to apply for a study permit in the Related Links section at the bottom of this page. You can find information on fees and other local requirements on the website of the visa office serving your country or region.

5. If studying in Quebec, check the provincial guidelines.
This step only applies if you want to study in the province of Quebec. If you apply to study in Quebec, you need a certificate of acceptance or CAQ. You can find a link to the website of Quebec’s ministry overseeing provincial immigration in the Related Links section at the bottom of this page. Your school can also provide you with information about applying to study in Quebec. You must have received the certificate of acceptance before you apply for a study permit.

6. Complete your application for a study permit.
Fill in the forms carefully and completely.

Type or print clearly, using black ink.
Add appropriate characters for languages that do not use the Latin alphabet, such as Chinese, Arabic, Cyrillic, Japanese, Hebrew, etc.
Answer all questions carefully, completely and truthfully. Incomplete application packages will not be processed, but will be returned to you.
7. Pay the correct processing fee.
There is a fee to apply for a study permit. For information about current rates, go to Pay my application fees. In many countries, the processing fee can be paid in the local currency. You should check the website of the Canadian visa office serving the country or region where you live for additional information on fees, including how to pay them. The processing fee will not be refunded, even if your application is not accepted.

8. Check your application.
Make sure your application is complete and that you include the necessary documents. Use the document checklist that is included in the application kit. Consult the website of the Canadian visa office serving the country or region where you live to determine if you need to fill out any additional forms or provide any additional documents.

9. Submit the application form.
Sign and date the application form, and be sure you include the receipt for the processing fee. Submit the application form to the Canadian visa office that serves the country or region where you live. Find a list of visa offices.

If you are from the United States, Saint-Pierre et Miquelon or Greenland, you can apply at the point of entry when you arrive in Canada.

10. Supply additional information or documents.
After the visa office receives your application, it might request more information or documents. These may include the following:

Medical information
In most cases, you will need a medical examination. A visa officer will send you instructions if you need a medical examination. This may add more than three months to the processing time of your application. Find more information about medical examinations.
Security information
If you want to study in Canada, you and any family members who come to Canada with you, and who are 18 years of age and over, may have to provide police certificates. Find more information about the security checks.

*this article just for informational purposes, not official information.

Studying in Canada: Study permits

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Fri, 30 Jul 2010 16:34:00 +0000

Studying in Canada: Study permits
To study in Canada, you may need a study permit or a temporary resident visa, though not everyone must have these documents.
Before you apply
Find out what you need to know about studying in Canada. Before you can apply for a study permit, you must have been accepted at a recognized school, university or college in Canada.( find information on how to choose a school, college or university).

Who can apply
In most cases, you must obtain a study permit if you want to study in Canada.

To be eligible to study in Canada
You must have been accepted by a school, college, university or other educational institution in Canada.
You must prove that you have enough money to pay for your:
tuition fees
living expenses for yourself and any family members who come with you to Canada and
return transportation for yourself and any family members who come with you to Canada.
You must be a law-abiding citizen with no criminal record and not be a risk to the security of Canada. You may have to provide a police certificate.
You must be in good health and willing to complete a medical examination, if necessary.
You must satisfy an immigration officer that you will leave Canada when you have completed your studies.

Exceptions
In some cases, you do not require a study permit to go to school in Canada.

If you wish to study in a short-term course or program
You do not need a study permit if you plan to take a course or program in Canada that lasts six months or less. You must complete the course or program within the period authorized for your stay in Canada.
Even if you do not need a study permit, it is a good idea to apply for a permit before you come to Canada. If you decide that you want to continue your studies in another program after you complete your short-term course or program, you must apply through a Canadian visa office outside Canada for a study permit if you do not already have one.
Foreign representatives to Canada
If you are a family member or staff member of a foreign representative to Canada accredited by Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada, you may not need a permit to study in Canada. You should contact your embassy in Canada. Your embassy can contact the Office of Protocol at Foreign Affairs and International Trade Canada to find out whether you need a study permit.
Members of foreign armed forces
If you are a member of a foreign armed force under the Visiting Forces Act, you do not need a permit to study in Canada. If your family members, including minor children, want to study in Canada, they must meet the requirements.

(his article just for informational purposes, not official information)

Bachelor of Engineering

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 21 Aug 2008 18:57:00 +0000

Bachelor of Engineering in Canada, a degree for studies in an accredited undergraduate engineering program is either named Bachelor of Engineering (B. Eng. or B.Ing. in French), or equivalently, Bachelor of Applied Science. Graduation from an accredited program, which normally involves four years of study, is a required first step to becoming a Professional Engineer. Regulation and accreditation are accomplished through a self governing body named the Association of Professional Engineers, which is given the power to register and discipline engineers, as well as regulate the field of engineering in the individual provinces.
University-Collage study program

Schools of Public Health

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 21 Aug 2008 15:01:00 +0000

University-Collage study program Public Health in Canada

Medical Schools and Schools of Public Health
University of Toronto, Dalla Lana School of Public Health, Toronto, Canada
University of Waterloo, Department of Health Studies and Gerontology, Waterloo, Canada
Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
University of Saskatchewan, School of Public Health, Saskatoon, Canada
University of Alberta, Department of Public Health Sciences, Edmonton, Canada
Simon Fraser University, Vancouver, Canada
University of British Columbia, School of Population and Public Health, Vancouver, Canada
Université Laval, Department of Medecine, Faculty of Social and Preventive Medecine, Quebec City, Canada

Study in Canada (college - University)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Wed, 20 Aug 2008 17:44:00 +0000

Canada : College or University
College: Two to three years leading to a diploma. In some cases, an Associate's degree (not common in Canada) or a Bachelor's degree may be possible at the institution
University:
In Ontario and the Atlantic Provinces, university normally consists of three years leading to a Bachelor's degree; four years leading to an advanced major degree, a double degree or (in Ontario) an Honours Bachelor's degree (the latter is in Ontario usually required for Graduate school).
In Western Canada, university normally consists of four years leading to a Bachelor's Degree (whether Honours, With Distinction, or otherwise), and five years for a double major or for a Bachelor's Degree in certain specific fields. However, at many universities in Western Canada students are permitted to take up to ten years to complete a Bachelor's Degree part-time. It is also more common in Western Canada for students to apply to university years after graduating from high school than it is in Ontario or the Atlantic Provinces.
Graduate school
One or two years leading to a postgraduate certificate or postgraduate diploma, sometimes called advanced graduate or post-baccalaureate in some universities. This qualification is usually taken after the Bachelor's degree, but before a Master's degree.
One or two years leading to a Master's degree, depending on programme requirements.
Four years leading to a Doctoral degree.

Law schools

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Wed, 20 Aug 2008 17:28:00 +0000

University College Programs law schools

Canada has a dual system of laws. In the province of Quebec, a system of civil law is used. At the federal level, as well as in every province or territory except Quebec, a system of common law is used. Because of this, there are two Canadian law degrees generally in use.
The programme of study for the common law LL.B. is graduate-entry degree programme. While the degree awarded is at the first-degree level and admission may be granted to applicants with two or three years of undergraduate studies towards a degree, in practice the programme generally requires completion of a previous undergraduate degree before registration in that programme. In fact, almost all admitted law students hold at least a bachelor level degree, and a significant number hold a graduate level degree as well.
The common law programme is three years in length. Upon graduation, one holds a Bachelor of Laws degree, but cannot yet practice law. In order to practice law, the graduate must obtain a license from the Law Society of the province where he/she wishes to practice law, which also requires a traineeship. (See Becoming a Lawyer below.) Those law graduates wishing to become law professors instead of lawyers often obtain a more advanced academic degree, such as the Master of Laws (LL.M.) or the Doctor of Laws#Canada (LL.D, S.J.D or D.C.L).
The civil law programme in Canada is three years in length. The programme of study for the first degree in Quebec civil law (called LL.B., B.C.L. or LL.L.) is a first-entry degree programme. Like other first-entry university programmes in Quebec it requires a CEGEP diploma for entry.
Law schools that offer civil law B.C.L. or LL.L. degrees include McGill University and the University of Ottawa.
Because of Canada's dual system of laws, some law schools offer joint or dual degrees of common law and civil law. McGill University and the University of Ottawa are two law schools which offer such degrees.
The law degree offered by McGill University is a mandatory joint common law LL.B. / Quebec civil law B.C.L. degree. The programme is four years in length. Admission to that programme is a first-entry programme in the case of Quebec students (as the CEGEP diploma is required) while it is a second-entry programme in the case of students from other provinces (since two years of university studies is required - effectively one extra year of studies more than for a CEGEP diploma). The University of Ottawa offers a civil law degree (LL.L.) on its own.
A number of Canadian law schools offer students the opportunity to earn, besides their three-year first degrees in common law, programmes in common law for holders of baccalaureate degrees in Quebec civil law enabling those individuals to earn the LL.B. in common law in two or three semesters, depending on the offering university's program. Similarly, the University of Ottawa offers, besides its three year LL.L. program in Quebec civil law, a one year LL.L. program in Quebec civil law for holders of an LL.B. or J.D. degree in common law from a Canadian law school.
Additionally, some Canadian universities with common law law schools have an arrangement with a Canadian university with a Quebec civil law law school enabling students to obtain the home school's law degree in three years and the exchange school's law degree in the fourth year.

Bachelor of Laws

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Wed, 20 Aug 2008 17:17:00 +0000

Study in Canada University-College Programs law/Legal schools

Bachelor of Laws was the name of the first degree in common law, but is also the name of the first degree in Quebec civil law awarded by a number of Quebec universities. All Canadian common-law LL.B. programs are second-entry professional degrees, meaning that the majority of those admitted to an LL.B. programme are already holders of one or more degrees, or, at a minimum, have completed two years of study in a first-entry, undergraduate degree in another discipline.

In Canada, the lawyer licensing process usually requires the law graduate to 1.) take further classroom law courses, taught by the law society itself, and pass a set of written examinations, commonly referred to as bar exams, related to the taken courses and 2.) complete articled clerkship commonly known as articling. Although the vast majority of law graduates fulfill the articled clerkship requirement by articling (i.e. working and learning) in a law firm, a government's legal department, a corporation's (in house) legal department, a community legal clinic or some other type of non-profit organization involved in legal work, a small minority of law graduates (with exceptional academic records) satisfy the articled clerkship requirement by undergoing what is commonly called clerkship with a specific courthouse and under the supervision of a judge instead of working in a more "lawyer-type environment" under the supervision of a lawyer called a "principal". In either articling or clerkship, there is the expectation that the law graduate will work in a variety of legal fields and be exposed to the harsh realities of legal practice that are absent from law school's academic atmosphere.
In the province of Ontario, for example, the licensing process for the Law Society of Upper Canada (Ontario's governing law society) consists of three mandatory components: The Skills and Professional Responsibility Program with assignments and assessments, Licensing Examinations (a Barrister Licensing Examination and a Solicitor Licensing Examination), and a 10-month Articling term.
At the conclusion of the licensing process, the law graduate is "called to the bar" whereby he/she signs his/her name in the rolls of solicitors and swears lawyer-related oaths in a formal ceremony where he/she must appear in a complete barrister's gown and bow before judges of the local superior court and benchers of the licensing law society. After the call ceremony, he/she can designate him/herself as a "solicitor and barrister", and can practice law in the province in which he/she is licensed. In the Province of British Columbia, licensed lawyers are automatically permitted to practice the powers of a Notary Public. In Ontario and other provinces, a licensed lawyer requires further licensing from another authority, such as the provincial attorney general, before he/she can work in a Notary Public capacity.
Although not required by the licensing process, many 1st and 2nd year law students work in law firms during the summer off-school season to earn extra money and to guarantee themselves an articling position (with the same law firms) upon their graduation from law school, because there is always fierce competition for articling positions, especially for those in large law firms offering attractive remuneration and prestige, and a law graduate cannot become a licensed lawyer in Canada if he/she has not gone through articled clerkship.

Master of Engineering ( M.Eng or MEng)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Tue, 19 Aug 2008 21:06:00 +0000

university College

Master of Engineering often abbreviated M.Eng (or MEng), can be either an academic or professional master's degree in the field of engineering.
In Canada, the Master of Engineering degree is a graduate degree of typically two years length that involves coursework and a thesis or research paper of significant depth. Some Canadian universities offer a Master of Engineering or Master of Applied Science in engineering or both.

Studying | Canada

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 21:33:00 +0000

Study in canada : Universities and Colleges, Canada Higher Education.

Education in Canada is provided, funded and overseen by federal, provincial, and local governments. Education is within provincial jurisdiction and the curriculum is overseen by the province. Education in Canada is generally divided into Elementary (Primary School, Public School), followed by Secondary (High School) and Post Secondary (University, College). Within the provinces under the ministry of education, there are district school boards administering the educational programs.

Health care

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 21:18:00 +0000

Health care in Canada is funded and delivered through a publicly funded health care system, with most services provided by private entities. While the Canadian government calls it a "public system, it is not "socialized medicine".
Health care spending in Canada is projected to reach $160 billion, or 10.6% of GDP, (2007). This is slightly above the average for OECD countries. In Canada, the various levels of government pay for about 70% of Canadians' health care costs, which is slightly below the OECD average. Under the terms of the Canada Health Act, the publicly-funded insurance plans are required to pay for medically necessary care, but only if it is delivered in hospitals or by physicians. There is considerable variation across the provinces/territories as to the extent to which such costs as outpatient prescription drugs, physical therapy, long-term care, home care, dental care and even ambulance services are covered.Considerable attention has been focused on two issues: wait times and health human resources. There is also debate about the appropriate 'public-private mix' for both financing and delivering services.

Canada and Cities

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 21:10:00 +0000

This is a list of incorporated cities of Canada by province. Canada : Capital Ottawa & Largest city Toronto.

Provincial and territorial capitals :

Quebec: Quebec City
Alberta: Edmonton
British Columbia: Victoria
Manitoba: Winnipeg
New Brunswick: Fredericton
Newfoundland and Labrador: St. John's
Nova Scotia: Halifax
Ontario: Toronto
Prince Edward Island: Charlottetown
Saskatchewan: Regina
Northwest Territories: Yellowknife
Nunavut: Iqaluit
Yukon: Whitehorse

Canada :

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 21:05:00 +0000

Canada is a federation composed of ten provinces and three territories; in turn, these may be grouped into regions. Western Canada consists of British Columbia and the three Prairie provinces (Alberta, Saskatchewan, and Manitoba). Central Canada consists of Quebec and Ontario. Atlantic Canada consists of the three Maritime provinces (New Brunswick, Prince Edward Island, and Nova Scotia), along with Newfoundland and Labrador. Eastern Canada refers to Central Canada and Atlantic Canada together. Three territories (Yukon, Northwest Territories, and Nunavut) make up Northern Canada. Provinces have more autonomy than territories. Each has its own provincial or territorial symbols.
The provinces are responsible for most of Canada's social programs (such as health care, education, and welfare) and together collect more revenue than the federal government, an almost unique structure among federations in the world. Using its spending powers, the federal government can initiate national policies in provincial areas, such as the Canada Health Act; the provinces can opt out of these, but rarely do so in practice. Equalization payments are made by the federal government to ensure that reasonably uniform standards of services and taxation are kept between the richer and poorer provinces.
All provinces have unicameral, elected legislatures headed by a Premier selected in the same way as the Prime Minister of Canada. Each province also has a Lieutenant-Governor representing the Queen, analogous to the Governor General of Canada. The Lieutenant-Governor is appointed on the recommendation of the Prime Minister of Canada, though with increasing levels of consultation with provincial governments in recent years.

Language in Canada

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:51:00 +0000

In English and French, A multitude of languages are spoken in Canada. English and French are recognized by the Constitution of Canada as "official languages," which means that all laws of the federal government are enacted in both English and French and that federal government services are required to be available in both languages .Official Bilingualism in Canada is law, defined in the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, the Official Languages Act, and Official Language Regulations; it is applied by the Commissioner of Official Languages. English and French have equal status in federal courts, Parliament, and in all federal institutions. The public has the right, where there is sufficient demand, to receive federal government services in either English or French, and official language minorities are guaranteed their own schools in all provinces and territories.

Use of English
Under 20.6 million Canadians spoke English at home (2006). English is the majority language in all provinces except Quebec, where it is the preferred language of only 10.5% of the population. Only 3.6% of Canada's English-speaking population resides in Quebec, mostly in Montreal.
Use of French
Just over 6.6 million Canadians spoke French at home (2006). Of these, 91.2% resided in Quebec. Outside Quebec, the largest French-speaking populations are found in New Brunswick (which is home to 3.5% of Canada’s francophones), Ontario (4.4%, residing primarily in the eastern and northeastern parts of the province and in Toronto), and southern Manitoba (0.3% of Canada’s francophones). Smaller indigenous French-speaking communities exist in some other provinces. For example, a vestigial community exists on Newfoundland's Port au Port Peninsula; a remnant of French occupation of the island.

Service sector

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:40:00 +0000

The service sector in Canada is vast and multifaceted, employing some three quarters of Canadians and accounting for over two thirds of GDP. The largest employer is the retail sector, employing almost 12% of Canadians. The retail industry is mainly concentrated in a relatively small number of chain stores clustered together in shopping malls. In recent years the rise of big-box stores, and Future Shop, have led to fewer workers in this sector and a migration of retail jobs to the suburbs.
The second largest portion of the service sector is the business services, employing only a slightly smaller percentage of the population. This includes the financial services, real estate, and communications industries. This portion of the economy has been rapidly growing in recent years. It is largely concentrated in the major urban centres, especially Toronto and Calgary (bangking business services).
The Canada education and health sectors are two of Canada's largest, but both are largely under the purview of the government. The health care industry has been rapidly growing, and is the third largest in Canada. Its rapid growth has led to problems for governments who must find money to fund it.
Canada has an important high tech industry, and also an entertainment industry creating content both for local and international consumption. Tourism is of ever increasing importance, with the vast majority of international visitors coming from the United States. Though the recent strength of the Canadian Dollar has hurt this sector, other nations such as China have increased tourism to Canada.

Manufacturing

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:34:00 +0000

Canada Manufacturing :
The general pattern of development for wealthy nations was a transition from a primary industry based economy to a manufacturing based one, and then to a service based economy. Canada did not follow this pattern; manufacturing has always been secondary, though certainly not unimportant. Partly because of this, Canada did not suffer as greatly from the pains of deindustrialization in the 1970s and 1980s.
Central Canada is home to branch plants to all the major American and Japanese automobile makers and many parts factories owned by Canadian firms such as Magna International and Linamar Corporation. Central Canada today produces more vehicles each year than the neighboring U.S. state of Michigan, the heart of the American automobile industry. Manufacturers have been attracted to Canada due to the highly educated population with lower labour costs than the United States. Canada's publicly funded health care system is also an important attraction, as it exempts companies from the high health insurance costs they must pay in the United States.
Much of the Canadian manufacturing industry consists of branch plants of United States firms, though there are some important domestic manufacturers. This has raised several concerns for Canadians. Branch plants provide mainly blue collar jobs, with research and executive positions confined to the United States.

Agricultural

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:25:00 +0000

The Canada is also one of the world's largest suppliers of agricultural products, particularly of wheat and other grains. Canada is a major exporter of agricultural products, to the United States but also to Europe and East Asia. As with all other developed nations the proportion of the population and GDP devoted to agriculture fell dramatically over the 20th century.
Unlike the agricultural industries of many developed nations, Canadian farmers have to compete internationally without large subsidies. The Canadian Government does subsidize farmers with aide in times of disaster, but does not usually give farmers "base" support. Dairy and poultry farmers are distributed across the country, but most of the production in the agricultural industry are found in central Canada. Farmers earn their living from market sales only, and they focus mainly on the Canadian market; because they lack government subsidies, farmers rely on tariffs to limit the amount of agricultural imports.
Five Largest Agricultural Production Sectors:
1. grains and oilseeds:(wheat, durum, oats, barley, rye, flax seed, canola, soybeans, and corn).
2. red meats: livestock (beef cattle, hogs, veal, and lamb)
3. dairy
4. horticulture
5. poultry and eggs

Economic (canada)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:18:00 +0000

Economic sectors Canada As the second largest country in the world, Canada has considerable natural resources spread across its varied regions. In British Columbia, the forestry industry is of great importance, while the oil industry is important in Alberta and Newfoundland and Labrador. Northern Ontario is home to a wide array of mines, while the fishing industry has long been central to the character of the Atlantic provinces.
These industries are increasingly becoming less important to the overall economy. Only some 4% of Canadians are employed in these fields, and they account for less than 6% of GDP.
Canada is a world leader in the production of many natural resources such as gold, nickel, uranium, diamonds and lead. Several of Canada's largest companies are based in natural resource industries.
The vast majority of these products are exported, mainly to the United States. There are also many secondary and service industries that are directly linked to primary ones. For instance one of Canada's largest manufacturing industries is the pulp and paper sector, which is directly linked to the logging industry.
Such industries also raise important questions of sustainability. Despite many decades as a leading producer, there is little risk of depletion. Large discoveries continue to be made, such as the massive nickel find at Voisey's Bay. Moreover the far north remains largely undeveloped as producers await higher prices or new technologies as many operations in this region are not yet cost effective. In recent decades Canadians have become less willing to accept the environmental destruction associated with exploiting natural resources. High wages and Aboriginal land claims have also curbed expansion. Instead many Canadian companies have focused their exploration and expansion activities overseas where prices are lower and governments more accommodating. Canadian companies are increasingly playing important roles in Latin America, Southeast Asia, and Africa.

Economy (Canada)

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 20:14:00 +0000

Canada is the home to the eighth largest economy in the world is one of the world's wealthiest nations, and with a high per-capita income, a member of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) and Group of Eight (G8).
As with other developed nations, the Canadian economy is dominated by the service industry, which employs about three quarters of Canadians . Canada is unusual among developed countries in the importance of the primary sector, with the logging and oil industries being two of Canada's most important. Canada also has a sizable manufacturing sector, centred in Central Canada, with the automobile industry especially important.
International trade makes up a large part of the Canadian economy, particularly of its natural resources.
Canada is a mixed market or social market economy, which, according to the Heritage Foundation ranks higher on the "index of economic freedom" than most western European countries but lower than the U.S. Canada ranks among the most developed countries on the Human development index, with a GDP per capita lower than and a median household income roughly equal to that of the United States.

Culture

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 19:59:00 +0000

Canadian culture has historically been influenced by the British, French, and Aboriginal cultures and traditions. It has also been influenced by American culture because of its proximity and migration between the two countries.
Canadian culture is an umbrella term that encompasses the artistic, musical, literary, culinary, political and social elements that are representative of Canada, not only to its own population, but to people all over the world.
Canada's federal government has influenced Canadian culture with programs, laws and institutions. It has created crown corporations to promote Canadian culture through media, such as the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) and the National Film Board of Canada (NFB), and promotes many events which it considers to promote Canadian traditions. It has also tried to protect Canadian culture by setting legal minimums on Canadian content in many media using bodies like the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission (CRTC).
Canada’s culture, like that of most any country in the world, is a product of its history, geography, and political system. Being a country mainly of immigrants, Canada has been shaped by waves of migration that have combined to form a unique blend of customs, cuisine, and traditions that have marked the socio-cultural development of the nation. In this article, several aspects of Canadian culture will be discussed. Though this article attempts to feature a variety of subjects pertinent to the culture of Canada, it is in no way exhaustive, and to gain a much deeper knowledge of Canada and its culture, one must also consult the other articles pertaining to Canada and its peoples.

Law in Canada

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 19:42:00 +0000

The canada Law (Droit du canada) : The Canadian legal system has its foundation in the British common law system, inherited from being a part of the Commonwealth. Quebec, however, still retains a civil system for issues of private law. Both legal systems are subject to the Constitution of Canada, from which all laws formally derive their power.
The constitution is the supreme law of the country, and consists of written text and unwritten conventions. The Constitution Act, 1867, affirmed governance based on parliamentary precedent "similar in principle to that of the United Kingdom" and divided powers between the federal and provincial governments; the Statute of Westminster, 1931, granted full autonomy; and the Constitution Act, 1982, added the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, which guarantees basic rights and freedoms that usually cannot be overridden by any level of government – though a notwithstanding clause allows the federal parliament and provincial legislatures to override certain sections of the Charter for a period of five years , and added a constitutional amending formula.
Canada's judiciary plays an important role in interpreting laws and has the power to strike down laws that violate the Constitution. The Supreme Court of Canada is the highest court and final arbiter and is led by the Right Honourable Its nine members are appointed by the Governor General on the advice of the Prime Minister and Minister of Justice. All judges at the superior and appellate levels are appointed after consultation with non-governmental legal bodies. The federal cabinet also appoints justices to superior courts at the provincial and territorial levels. Judicial posts at the lower provincial and territorial levels are filled by their respective governments.
Common law prevails everywhere except in Quebec, where civil law predominates. Criminal law is solely a federal responsibility and is uniform throughout Canada. Law enforcement, including criminal courts, is a provincial responsibility, but in rural areas of all provinces except Ontario and Quebec, policing is contracted to the federal Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP).

Politics

noreply@blogger.com (the one) — Thu, 29 May 2008 19:33:00 +0000

Politics (Politique) : Canada is a constitutional monarchy with Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, as head of state and the Prime Minister as the head of the government. The country is a parliamentary democracy with a federal system of parliamentary government and strong democratic traditions.

Many of the country's legislative practices derive from the unwritten conventions of and precedents set by the United Kingdom's Westminster parliament; however, Canada has evolved variations. For example, party discipline in Canada is stronger than in the United Kingdom, and more parliamentary votes are considered motions of confidence, which tends to diminish the role of non-Cabinet Members of Parliament (MPs). Such members, in the government caucus, and junior or lower-profile members of opposition caucuses, are known as backbenchers. Backbenchers can, however, exert their influence by sitting in parliamentary committees, like the Public Accounts Committee or the National Defence Committee.