Sundara Kanda

Acknowledgements

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Mon, 16 Feb 2009 03:59:00 +0000

I thank my wife, Smt. Subhadra for her support. I thank my son, Chi. Srinivas and daughter-in-law, Chi. Sow. Jayalakshmi for carefully proof reading the work and helping with hosting and posting on the Internet. Special thanks to Dr. P. Sreeramachandrudu garu for the foreword.

Foreword

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 01 Feb 2009 15:12:00 +0000

The Ramanaya and Mahabharata are the two great Epics of India, unparalleled by any work of similar nature in other literatures of the world. They represent respectively, the great qualities of heart and head, the balanced development of which leads to the perfection of a human being.

While every passage and part of the Ramanaya has the capacity to raise the reader’s mind to the rupturous heights of the transcendental ecstacy (Rasanubhava) the Sundara Kanda has a special power of leading the readers into the realms of the highest ideals of selfless service, undaunted spirit prepared to meet any situation and unflinching loyalty to the master.

Sri Rama is undoubtedly the hero of the Mahakavya Ramayana; but the great poet sage Valmiki appears to be intent upon making Hanuman as the hero of the Sundara Kanda. The readers are made to keep constant company with this great personality of extraordinary strength, marvellous intellectual power and practical wisdom. Any person who comes face to face with Hanuman through reading Sundara Kanda several times develops within himself many qualities like fearlessness, mental and physical strength and unbound wisdom as being experienced by lakhs of people even today. This is what is intended to convey by the well-known verse:

"Buddih balam yaso dhairyam
Nirbhayatvam arogata
Ajadyam vakpatutvam ca
Hanumatsmaranad bhavet."

"By remembering Hanuman constantly with faith and reverence, one can get intellect, strength, fame, courage, fearlessness, health, alertness and skill in speech."

It is with the good intention of making Sundara Kanda accessible to many readers who are not familiar with Sanskrit, that Sri Gorty Subrahmanyam has rendered this Kanda into simple English, closely following the original. Anyone who reads the work can get, I am sure, the pleasure of reading the original and all the benefits listed in the verse quoted above by the grace of Hanuman and through him of the Lord Rama and Sita.

As a person, who acquired, after retirement, the Master’s Degree with Sanskrit by putting strenuous efforts, Sri Subrahmanyam must have thought; as the saying !Ekah swaadu na bhunjiita! goes that he should share the joy of reading a great literary work with many like-minded persons throughout the world and produced this fine work in English. I am sure his desire will definitely be fulfilled.

Sd. Dr. P. Sreeramachandrudu.
Hyderabad,
Dt. 5/6/2008.

Episode 31 - Anjaneya's detailed report of his mission to Rama, the handing over of Sita's signet jewel to him

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:44:00 +0000

Rama further enquired of the Vanaras about Sita and her devotion to him. Prompted by his mates, Anjaneya responded to Rama, after turning in the direction in which Sita was located and bowing to her: “O Rama! I crossed the 100-yojana ocean in search of Sita and reached Lanka, the city of the evil-minded Ravana. There I found the Pativrata, Sita. Her mind is fully occupied by you. She is held captive in a garden and is guarded by ugly-looking Rakshasis and is being terrorised by them all the time. She is pale and sunken and sleeps on the floor, pining for you. She is completely averse to Ravana and is determined to die.”

“After somehow finding her, I began to introduce myself by describing your lineage and slowly created confidence in her about my identity and purpose. The friendship between you and Sugriva was also explained as well as your determination to redeem her. She was happy to hear this. Besides, to remind you of her great association with you, she referred to the offending crow's story on the Chitrakuta Mountain and how you employed the Brahmastra against it. She wondered why you, who used such a great Astra against a small bird, would not use any Astra against Ravana and why Lakshmana was not killing the Rakshasas with your permission.”

She also gave me the Chudamani (crest-jewel) as a signet to be handed over to you with the message: “O Rama! This well-protected jewel is a product of the sea. Seeing this, I feel happy as if I see you, when I am in trouble. Also recall that when the Tilaka (dot) on my fore-head got erased, you provided a substitute out of Manassila (a soft stone so called). Having been enslaved by the Rakshasas, I cannot live beyond a month.”

Concluding, Anjaneya said: “O Rama! I have told you everything as it is. Now a bridge has to be built across the ocean.” Finding that Rama was consoled, Anjaneya then handed over Sita's signet jewel to him.

Rama put Sita's jewel to his heart and began to cry along with Lakshmana. With his eyes filled with tears, he explained the background of the jewel to Sugriva: “This extraordinary jewel was gifted to Sita by her father at the time of our marriage. It had been presented by Lord Indra to Janaka as a reward in consequence of a sacrifice performed by him to please the gods. This jewel brings back to my mind memories of my revered father as well as my father-in-law. It glitters particularly beautifully on my darling's head and I feel as though I have regained her.”

“O Anjaneya! What more has Sita said to console me? Her words are to me like water to a thirsty man. O Lakshmana! What greater sorrow can there be than seeing this jewel without Sita? If she lives without me for a month, she lives long. I cannot live even for a moment without her. Anjaneya! Tell me more of the sweet words spoken by my sweet lady, my darling, pining for me. As a seriously sick person lives by medicine, I shall live by her words.”

Anjaneya responded by referring to all the events once again to comfort Rama and assured him that Sita was always thinking of him alone and hoping to obtain freedom from captivity through war. He added that he told her, 'Devi, I swear that Rama, along with Lakshmana, is overwhelmed with grief. They do not know that you are here. As soon as they get the message from me, they will invade Lanka, destroy Ravana and the other Rakshasas and take you back to Ayodhya in triumph.' Anjaneya went on to say: “O Rama! Upon my request thereupon, she handed over to me the signet crest-jewel and expressed her good wishes for your health as well as Lakshmana's and Sugriva's.”

“When I was about to return, Sita pleaded: “O Hanuman! Please stay around here in some secret place for a day, take rest and then go. Your presence here, even for a moment, will mitigate my suffering which has reached its peak. After your exit, my agony will mount further, making my survival doubtful.”

“O Valiant one! I do not know how the army of monkeys and bears or Rama or Lakshmana will cross the ocean. As far as I know, only you, Garutman and the Wind God are capable of crossing the ocean. Please answer this question. I know you are competent to accomplish the whole mission single-handed. However, it behoves Rama to enter Lanka with an army, kill Ravana in war, free me from captivity and take me back to his kingdom. Ravana kidnapped me stealthily and it will not be appropriate for Rama to free me in like manner, without facing Ravana, out of fear. Being a tormentor of the enemies, Rama's reputation calls for creation of total turmoil and destruction in the city of Lanka. Therefore, conceive a plan that conforms to Rama's valour and heroism in war.”

“O Rama! Hearing the significant, rational and modest message of Sita, I responded to her, 'Devi! The powerful Sugriva, King of Monkeys and Bears, is determined to secure your freedom. His soldiers are as fast as the mind and can access any place anywhere on the surface of the earth, in the sky or underground. Full of strength and pride, they have flown round the entire earth several times. All of them are either equal or superior to me. As per the custom, an ordinary soldier like me—not the superiors—has been sent here on this mission. By one jump, the valiant monkeys can land in Lanka. Devi! Put an end to your sorrow. I will carry the great Rama and Lakshmana into your presence on my back. Rama, the destroyer of the enemy, will annihilate Ravana and his army of Rakshasas and return triumphant, along with you, to occupy his throne in Ayodhya.”

“O Rama! Sita is worried by the news of your sorrow. Nevertheless, hearing my auspicious words of courage and comfort, pointing to a happy end to her ordeal, she has found consolation and peace.”

It is noteworthy that Anjaneya is the greatest among the Vanaras. Even Ravana has acknowledged this truth. Yet Anjaneya shows great humility and in order to instill confidence in Sita, describes his mates to be equal to or even superior to him.

The end of Sundara Kanda in Valmiki's Sreemadramayanam.
(Abridged English version by G.V.S. Subrahmanyam, M.A)

Episode 30 - Dadhimukha's report to Sugriva and the King's prediction

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:43:00 +0000

Soon Dadhimukha landed at the place where Rama, Lakshmana and Sugriva were assembled and fell on Sugriva's feet with folded palms and a pale face. Sugriva assured him that he need not fear and wanted to know what had happened.

Dadhimukha reported: “O King! The Madhuvana has never been meant to be a property for the enjoyment of everyone. Yet the Vanaras have damaged the garden and consumed whatever there is in it. Though the guards have endeavoured to check them, they are outnumbered by the Vanaras. Intoxicated by wine, they have beaten up the security guards including myself, black and blue.”

Lakshmana, who was watching the proceedings, wanted to know what it was all about. Sugriva answered: “Dadhimukha reports that the Vanaras, who went southward in search of Sita, have returned and resorted to revelry in the Madhu Garden and destroyed it. By their conduct, it is clear that they have triumphed in their mission and that Sita has been discovered—by none other than Anjaneya. He combines in himself knowledge of the Sastras, capacity for wise planning, valour and enterprise and finds success. There is none else who could have achieved the task. Where Jambavan and Angada are leaders and Anjaneya presides, there success alone can be the outcome.”

Hearing the extremely pleasant news of Sita's discovery from Sugriva, Rama and Lakshmana felt immeasurable joy. Soon Sugriva addressed Dadhimukha: “I am glad that the Vanaras who have accomplished their mission are enjoying themselves in the garden. Though their conduct is not ordinarily acceptable, I pardon them in the special circumstances. Let those lions led by Hanuman come into my presence at once. We are anxious to hear the good news about Sita from them.”

Dadhimukha received the instruction of Sugriva happily and hurried back to the garden. Saluting the Prince Angada, he said: “O gentle Prince! Be not offended by the obstruction caused by the security guards. You are the Prince and the master of this garden. Excuse our foolish act. I have announced your arrival to your uncle, Sugriva. He is glad and not upset that the garden has been damaged. The king has asked me to send you all to him immediately.”

Angada, hearing Dadhimukha's message, addressed his mates: “O Vanaras and heroes! I think that Rama has heard the pleasant news. Having completed our mission, it is not proper for us to while away the time here. We have to go to Sugriva, my Master. You have consumed wine and had rest. Now you decide what I shall do. I am at your service. Though I am the Prince, I do not wish to command you after what you have achieved.”

The forest-dwellers were highly pleased with the Prince's modesty and said: “O King! Being a Master, who speaks like you? Intoxicated by wealth everyone thinks: 'I am everything.' This kind of communication to the servants behoves none other than you. Your humility points to your fitness for an exalted future. We are also ready to proceed to our venerable and enduring King, Sugriva. Truly, we cannot move one step without your permission.”

“Well, let us go”, said Angada and then all of them flew into the sky like thundering clouds. Sugriva once again consoled Rama who was still grief-stricken. “O Rama! Be relieved. These Vanaras cannot come late here, after the time limit set by me, without finding Sita. Certainly, Sita has been seen by Anjaneya. In him, as in the sun, reside wisdom, ceaseless endeavour, heroism and success. Where leaders Jambavan, Angada and Anjaneya are present and act together, there follows success. O Rama, the inexhaustible source of valour! Do not be overtaken by grief.”

Even as Sugriva was consoling Rama, triumphant shouts were heard from the sky. Soon the army of monkeys landed in the presence of Rama and Sugriva. Anjaneya bowed to Rama and announced his meeting with Sita and news of her welfare, condition and devotion to Rama. The words 'Sita has been seen by me ' (In Sanskrit, Drushta Sita maya) were like nectar to the ears of Rama and Lakshmana. Lakshmana looked at Sugriva with great respect in acknowledgement of his true prediction and accomplishment. Rama, conqueror of enemies, looked at Anjaneya with great admiration.

Note: Sugriva's announcement to Rama that Anjaneya must have succeeded in finding Sita even before the Vanaras convey the news to him, shows the king's true judgment of the ability of his followers, especially of Anjaneya.

Episode 29 - Vanaras' flight back to Kishkindha; destruction of the Madhu Garden

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:43:00 +0000

The Vanaras led by Angada and Anjaneya accepted the wise Jambavan's word. They left the Mahendra Mountain for Kishkindha, Sugriva's kingdom. They were all enthusiastic and determined to accomplish the remaining task of taking revenge against the Rakshasa King and freeing Sita. Soon they landed in the beautiful Madhu Garden belonging to the Vanara King and guarded by his uncle called Dadhimukha.

The Vanaras, entering the garden, were eager to drink the wine available there and took the permission of Angada, the Prince, and the other elders. They were in a festive mood, walking and talking, singing and dancing and playing together, climbing trees and hills and jumping up and down. All the time, they were drinking wine to their hearts' fill. They were gradually losing control of their minds and doing all kinds of things out of intoxication.

Dadhimukha, the Chief Security Guard, soon realised that the monkeys were destroying the garden, stripping the trees of their fruits, flowers and leaves and completely exceeding their limits. Even as he tried to check them, the monkeys began to threaten him. Dadhimukha pleaded with some of the monkeys to restrain themselves, warned some others and imposed physical punishment on a few others. However, the intoxicated monkeys were not to be subdued. They beat up Dadhimukha and were eating up everything available in the garden besides disfiguring it.

Hanuman soon assured the Vanaras: “O Vanaras! Drink wine without any hesitation. If anyone obstructs you, I will take care of him.” The Prince Angada added: “I have to do even a prohibited act when a triumphant Anjaneya wants it; not to speak of ordinary things like this.” The Vanaras were pleased and admired Angada for his indulgence. They continued to eat and drink and assaulted the security guard who attempted to obstruct them. Finally, most of the security guards who were outnumbered, were completely humiliated by the invading monkeys and took to their heels. The Prince Angada himself engaged Dadhimukha in a fight and broke his limbs.

Dadhimukha realised that the situation had gone out of hand and decided to complain to the King Sugriva, holding the Prince solely responsible for the misbehaviour of the group. Accordingly, he withdrew the security guards and accompanied by them, repaired to the King.

Note: Angada, the Vanara Prince, is as much the owner of the garden as the King and yet he allows the garden to be used up and even mutilated by his triumphant followers as a reward for their toil and success in a noble mission.

Episode 28 - Jambavan's further enquiry into Anjaneya's mission. Angada's sugggestion

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:42:00 +0000

Jambavan, pleased as he was, as well as Hanuman, addressed him thus: “How did you see Sita Devi? How is she there? How does the cruel ten-headed Ravana treat her? O Great Vanara! Please tell us exactly what happened and then we will decide the future course of action. Also specify what shall be conveyed to Sugriva and Rama when we meet them and what, if any, shall be kept secret.”

Hanuman, thus requested by Jambavan, bowed to Sita Devi in his mind and then narrated the various events that happened since his departure for Lanka until his return. He wound up saying that Sita was in a pitiable condition, being constantly terrorised by the Rakshasi guards. She was lying on the floor, always pining for her husband and spurning Ravana and was determined to lay down her life. She was also warned by Ravana that she would be killed if she did not yield to him in two months' time. In answer to his wickedness, Sita told Ravana that he had kidnapped her in the absence of Rama like a thief and that he was not fit to be even Rama's servant. At this, Ravana got wild and raised his fist to kill her but was prevented from doing so by Mandodari, his Queen and was persuaded to leave the place.

Anjaneya continued: “The ugly Rakshasi guards have been regularly terrorising Sita by their wicked and cruel words but have failed to influence her. When they were asleep, I introduced myself to Sita by the narration of Rama's story. After she developed confidence in me, I informed her of my mission and the determination of Rama and Lakshmana to invade Lanka, destroy Ravana and his followers and redeem her. On being questioned by Sita, I informed her about our ability and possible plan to overrun Lanka.”

“I wanted to wage war myself to test the enemy and accordingly, destroyed the Asoka Garden. In the ensuing battle, I killed thousands of Rakshasa warriors and also Aksha, Ravana's son. Finally, I was captured by Indrajit through Brahmastra and hauled into the presence of Ravana. I told everything to Ravana, my identification and my purpose in being there. Finally, I advised him to return Sita to Rama according to Dharma lest he should face annihilation at the hands of Rama and Sugriva. Ravana, hearing my severe warning, lost control of himself and ordered my death. However, upon the pleadings of Vibhishana, Ravana's brother, on my behalf, Ravana ordered that my tail be burnt and that I be paraded in the streets of Lanka. It was done and with the help of the fire burning on my tail, I set all the important buildings and palaces on fire and killed many Rakshasas again.”

“Finally, I went back to Sita to ensure that she was safe. I found her out of the reach of fire and took leave of her. I have flown back to join you all. I have accomplished everything desired by our King, Sugriva, by the grace of Rama and also by your own splendour. Whatever remains to be done may be done. Because of Sita's chastity, Rama's effort coupled with Sugriva's enterprise is bound to succeed. I am devoted to Sita's cause. An angry Sita can do what even Fire cannot do.”

However, under the circumstances, it will be appropriate for us, with the permission of our elders like Jambavan, to take Sita along with us to Rama. I have the ability to destroy the whole of Lanka along with Ravana and his forces. Together with you, O valiant Vanaras! it is much easier. No Astra will be effective against me. Lack of permission to finish off the task inhibits my valour.”

“In fact, Angada, the son of Vali, can destroy all the Rakshasas single-handed. So also, Panasa, Minda and Dwiwida can overrun the Rakshasas and there is no need for others to fight. I have caused enough destruction in Lanka to announce my presence there as the messenger of Rama. Rama, Lakshmana and Sugriva will triumph.”

“Sita is glad to know of the friendship between Rama and Sugriva. If she has not destroyed Ravana, the sinner, by the power of her chastity and penance, the reason is that there is no permission from Rama for her to act. Adhering to the traditional discipline, she is suffering silently. Rama will only be an instrument in Ravana's death, which is bound to occur. Remedial action to recover Sita shall be determined.”

After hearing Hanuman, Angada, the Prince, addressed the Vanaras: “O Vanaras! Having found Sita, it is not proper for us to go back to Rama without her and it is not appropriate in the context of your well known valour. O Great Vanaras! You know that there is none among the Devas or the demons equal to us in flight or fighting ability. Anjaneya has already killed the leading Rakshasas. There is nothing left for us except to take Janaki back to Rama.”

Responding to Angada's proposal the elderly Jambavan said: “O Prince! Your idea is not out of place. However, you have to visualise our success through a plan that will accord with Rama's thinking.”

Note: Just Like Anjaneya, Angada, the Vanara Prince, feels that their task is not complete without taking back Sita. However, they respect the elderly Jambavan's advice that Rama's plan alone should guide them.

Episode 27 - Anjaneya's return to the northern shore and his re-joining his mates

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:41:00 +0000

Due to the impact of his take-off, the mountain rocks that came under his feet were reduced to ashes. Being the Wind God's son, he flew into the sky with such great force that the animals, birds and Vidyadhara ladies, staying on the mountain, were all blown around and they sought refuge in the sky out of sheer fear. Some serpents got crushed. The mountain itself was pushed down so that its top became level with the ground.

Anjaneya shone like the moon in the sky, sometimes covered by multi-coloured clouds and at other times coming out of them. Roaring like thunder, he also looked like Garutman, the Bird King, returning in triumph, having made a mark in Lanka by killing some prominent Rakshasas and having shaken Ravana himself. On the way, he affectionately touched Mainaka and moved forward like an arrow. By his thunderous roars, the very sky along with the sun seemed to be exploding. The monkeys, waiting on the northern shore, heard the mighty roars of Anjaneya and the bursts of noise caused by the winds as a result of his speed.

Jambavan recognised the significance of the sounds; called the army of monkeys and bears and remarked: “Hanuman has succeeded in his mission in every way. Otherwise, the triumphant sound would not have been produced.” The Vanaras immediately began to celebrate the success and were getting ready to welcome Hanuman. Soon the mountain-like Anjaneya descended on the peak of the Mahendra Mountain.

The monkeys were overjoyed on seeing Anjaneya and they greeted him with folded palms and offered him fruits and roots. He, in turn, saluted the elderly Jambavan and Angada, the Vanara Prince, and was greeted by them in reverence. Anjaneya reported that he had seen Sita, sunken by penance and fasting in the Asoka Garden, guarded by terrible Rakshasis. He then spent a little time with Angada, holding his hand. The monkeys celebrated his success with all kinds of tricks appropriate to them. They touched Anjaneya with joy.

Angada then said to Anjaneya admiringly: “O Vanara! There is none equal to you in strength and valour. How great is your devotion to the Master! How wonderful are your courage and heroism? Sita has been found by our good fortune and Rama will be rid of the pangs of separation from Sita.”

The Vanaras were anxious to hear more of Anjaneya's adventure and surrounded him, the Prince Angada and Jambavan. Angada shone amongst them like Indra, the Lord of Heaven, among the Devas.

Episode 26 - Anjaneya meets Sita again to be sure of her safety

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:41:00 +0000

Anjaneya, who had a thorough-going approach, went back to the garden to see Sita to be doubly sure about her safety. He found her safe and secure and addressed her: “O Mother! You are safe by the grace of God.” Sita looked at home-bound Anjaneya again and again. Remembering her husband, she remarked: “O Anjaneya! You are competent to accomplish the task on hand alone and your valour is admirable. However, it will befit Rama, the hero, to overrun Lanka, destroy the Rakshasas in war and claim me back. Plan a strategy accordingly, appropriate to Rama's heroism.”

Hearing Sita's modest, rational and significant words, Anjaneya responded: “Rama will soon arrive here with an army of monkeys and bears led by Commanders and he will defeat the enemy in war and drive away your sorrow.” Having consoled Vaidehi, Anjaneya saluted and took leave of her. Eager to see Rama, he climbed a mountain top and assumed a huge form and took a great leap across the ocean and was heading north from the south.

Episode 24 - Destruction of Lanka by Anjaneya with his burning tail

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:40:00 +0000

Hanuman thought about the action to be taken and decided to destroy the Fort surrounding the city to facilitate the impending march into Lanka by Rama. He also thought it fit to satisfy the Fire God who had been burning on his tail and yet protecting him. Accordingly, he set fire to all the important buildings including those of the Ministers and the King Ravana but excluding the residence of Vibhishana. The fire was carried from house to house by the wind. The Rakshasas including women with children in arms were all bewildered and shocked and ran helter-skelter for life; while some of them were trying to put out the fire. They cried that God Agni himself came down upon them in the form of the monkey. The whole atmosphere was filled with burning buildings and trees and cries and wails by burning Rakshasas, animals and birds. Lanka looked like a cursed city. Hanuman, after his triumph, thought of Rama. Devas, Gandharvas, Siddhas and other divine groups and Rishis were filled with amazement at the extraordinary strength of Anjaneya and the wholesale destruction inflicted by him upon the Rakshasas and showered words of praise on the Vanara from the sky above. It is to be remembered here that all of them had been troubled by the Rakshasas at some point of time or the other, at their will and pleasure, without cause. The victorious Anjaneya shone like the 'Kalagni', the Doomsday Fire, frightening everyone around.

Anjaneya's sorrow for throwing Sita's life into danger as imagined by him

Anjaneya soon realised his folly in setting the whole of Lanka on fire unmindful of Sita's location and her safety. He was at once drowned in gloom, fear and wretchedness and reflected: “Those who control anger are really great. He who gives in to anger is capable of any crime. He can kill even his preceptors. There is no foul word he cannot utter and there is no foul deed he cannot do. He alone is called a Purusha who overcomes anger through forbearance.”

“Fie upon me who is an evil-minded shameless sinner that has destroyed Sita and along with her, the master's cause. The purpose for which I have come so far, has been defeated. There is not a single area in the whole of Lanka which has not been reduced to ashes. If, by my thoughtlessness, Sita has been lost, death is the only recourse left to me.”

“Submitting to the evil of anger, I have only demonstrated monkeys' fickleness which is well-established in all the three worlds. Fie upon the Rajasa (emotional) nature which is uncontrollable and unsteady! Under its influence, I could not protect Sita in spite of being competent to do so. Hearing of Sita's death, Rama and Lakshmana will die followed by Sugriva and his relatives. Rama's kith and kin will likewise embrace death. When a Dharmic (just) king dies, his subjects, overtaken by grief, will all lay down their lives. Now it is clear that having been overtaken by the evil of anger and being devoid of Dharma and Artha, I shall stand out as the cause of the destruction of the entire world.”

Hanuman nevertheless found some good omens. He pondered thus: “Sita is pure as fire and well protected by her chastity. Fire cannot destroy fire. If the Fire God has not burnt me, it is due to the greatness of Rama and the pure character of Sita. By the power of her own penance, truthfulness, and single-minded devotion to her husband, Sita is capable of destroying Fire itself.”

As Anjaneya was reasoning the possibilities within himself, a divine group called Charanas exclaimed from the sky: “Oh! How wonderful! Hanuman has done the impossible. He has set Lanka on fire and yet Sita is safe and sound.” Hearing this, Hanuman was now fully convinced about Sita's safety.

Note: By now, Anjaneya has well exceeded his brief which is to find out the whereabouts of Sita. He has destroyed Lanka out of uncontrolled anger born out of offence. Here, through the broodings of Anjaneya, Valmiki sets out the disastrous consequences of sudden and unlimited anger and advises that anger is to be avoided at all costs and at any rate, not acted upon instantly and never in full measure.

Episode 23 - Vibhishana's advice to Ravana not to kill an emissary. Anjaneya's tail set on fire

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:40:00 +0000

Ravana's brother, Vibhishana, a pious and wise Rakshasa, who was in the assembly, was shocked by his brother's decision to put the messenger to death. He counselled Ravana: “O King! Bear and forbear. Be kind and listen to me. Good and wise kings do not kill emissaries. Killing of this monkey is opposed to a king's Dharma and abhorrent. You are a learned king and know the king's duties very well and also the discriminating factors between various beings. If learned men like you are also overwhelmed by anger and lose equanimity, then acquisition of knowledge of the Sastras (moral/religious/spiritual texts) becomes an exercise in futility. Therefore, O Valiant King! Consider all aspects and impose a suitable punishment proportionate to the messenger's offence other than death.”

Ravana replied to Vibhishana; “O Destroyer of the Enemy! There is no sin in killing a sinner. Therefore, I will kill this monkey, a sinner.” Vibhishana, hearing Ravana's immoral, sinful and brutish word continued to plead with him: “O Rakshasa King! Be merciful! Noble men everywhere have declared that a messenger is not to be killed under any circumstances. No doubt, this monkey-messenger has overshot himself and has offended you beyond measure. There are many punishments prescribed for a messenger like cutting off limbs, caning, shaving the head or leaving some mark on the body and so on. Wise men like you conquer anger. In all the three worlds, there is none who knows Dharma as well as you and you have conquered several kings, gods and demons. An emissary may be good or bad, but he is not independent and only conveys the message of his master. Moreover, you like wars just as the millions of the Rakshasas do. If you kill this emissary, there will be none to establish a link between you and Rama and Lakshmana, who are so far away. An opportunity for war will be lost. Therefore, impose some punishment on the emissary, leave him and send some of your forces to fight Rama and Lakshmana.”

Ravana finally received the sound advice of his brother Vibhishana, well and said: “As pointed out by you, killing an emissary is detestable. Monkeys love their tails. Therefore, set fire to his tail and let him go after being paraded at the important junctions of the city.” Accordingly, the angry and cruel Rakshasas held the tail of Anjaneya, by now enlarged by him, tied it with clothes dipped in oil, set them on fire and began to parade him.

Anjaneya was not to be humbled. He pulled down the Rakshasas around him with his burning tail. However, the citizens of the city assembled everywhere and felt happy and enjoyed the fun of the monkey in flames. Some Rakshasas re-assembled and again bound Anjaneya who thought: “I have the ability to kill all these Rakshasas. However, Rama has to do it. I would like to see the entire city in broad day-light and I am not hurt by the fire.” The Rakshasas were parading Anjaneya round the town playing music and narrating his crimes to the townsfolk. Anjaneya was himself enjoying the ride though the streets, the thoroughfares, the road junctions and the nooks and corners of the town.

The treatment given to Anjaneya was brought to the notice of Sita in the garden by the Rakshasi guards. She was extremely sad and shocked at the news and prayed to Agni, the God of Fire, to keep cool and not burn Anjaneya. Her prayer was answered by Agni and the Wind God.

Anjaneya reflected: “Though there is a great fire on my tail, it is as cold as an ice-pack. Agni Deva is not bothering me because of Rama's and Sita's grace and because of my father's friendship with Agni.” Thereupon, Anjaneya disengaged himself from the surrounding Rakshasas and also the chains that bound him. Then he mounted the main gate of the city, pulled out an iron bar and killed the remaining Rakshasas that had accompanied him, standing guard.

Note: Valmiki, the poet, conveys through Vibhishana's advice to Ravana that the theoretical knowledge obtained through sacred books has to be put into practice. Vibhishana adopts a clever strategy of praising Ravana in order to persuade him to be sympathetic to Anjaneya, though he knows that Ravana is a sinner and is solely responsible for all that has happened.

Episode 25 - Hanuman's sorrow for throwing Sita's life into danger as imagined by him

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:40:00 +0000

Anjaneya soon realised his folly in setting the whole of Lanka on fire unmindful of Sita's location and her safety. He was at once drowned in gloom, fear and wretchedness and reflected: “Those who control anger are really great. He who gives in to anger is capable of any crime. He can kill even his preceptors. There is no foul word he cannot utter and there is no foul deed he cannot do. He alone is called a Purusha who overcomes anger through forbearance.”

“Fie upon me who is an evil-minded shameless sinner that has destroyed Sita and along with her, the master's cause. The purpose for which I have come so far, has been defeated. There is not a single area in the whole of Lanka which has not been reduced to ashes. If, by my thoughtlessness, Sita has been lost, death is the only recourse left to me.”

“Submitting to the evil of anger, I have only demonstrated monkeys' fickleness which is well-established in all the three worlds. Fie upon the Rajasa (emotional) nature which is uncontrollable and unsteady! Under its influence, I could not protect Sita in spite of being competent to do so. Hearing of Sita's death, Rama and Lakshmana will die followed by Sugriva and his relatives. Rama's kith and kin will likewise embrace death. When a Dharmic (just) king dies, his subjects, overtaken by grief, will all lay down their lives. Now it is clear that having been overtaken by the evil of anger and being devoid of Dharma and Artha , I shall stand out as the cause of the destruction of the entire world.”

Hanuman nevertheless found some good omens. He pondered thus: “Sita is pure as fire and well protected by her chastity. Fire cannot destroy fire. If the Fire God has not burnt me, it is due to the greatness of Rama and the pure character of Sita. By the power of her own penance, truthfulness, and single-minded devotion to her husband, Sita is capable of destroying Fire itself.”

As Anjaneya was reasoning the possibilities within himself, a divine group called Charanas exclaimed from the sky: “Oh! How wonderful! Hanuman has done the impossible. He has set Lanka on fire and yet Sita is safe and sound.” Hearing this, Hanuman was now fully convinced about Sita's safety.

Note: By now, Anjaneya has well exceeded his brief which is to find out the whereabouts of Sita. He has destroyed Lanka out of uncontrolled anger born out of offence. Here, through the broodings of Anjaneya, Valmiki sets out the disastrous consequences of sudden and unlimited anger and advises that anger is to be avoided at all costs and at any rate, not acted upon instantly and never in full measure.

Episode 22 - Anjaneya's encounter with Ravana. Prahasta's questions and Anjaneya's response

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:39:00 +0000

The heroic Anjaneya's eyes became red as he looked at Ravana and reflected upon his own capture by him. Ravana wore a golden crown embedded with gems and many ornaments. He wore silken clothes and his body was painted with strange pictures. He was shining with ten frightening heads and looked like a mountain with cruel animals on its peak. Well-decorated ladies were standing around and serving him. With four strong accomplished Ministers around him, Ravana was like the earth surrounded by the seas. There were also some other Ministers, wise, pious and brilliant and amidst them, Ravana looked like Devendra served by the gods.

Even as Hanuman was being troubled by the Rakshasas, he could not help being surprised at the brilliance of Ravana. He reflected: “What a physical appearance! What courage, what strength and radiance! This Rakshasa King has all the noble attributes. But for his Adharma (sinfulness), he would have ruled Heaven including Indra. But for his cruel, crooked and wicked acts, he would have ruled the gods and the demons alike.

Now it was the turn of Ravana to be amazed at the brilliance of Anjaneya. He reflected: “Is he truly Bhagavan Nandi (Lord Siva's chariot in the form of an Ox) by whom I have been cursed in Kailasa (Lord Siva's Mountain abode)? Is this Banasura (Demon King) in the form of a monkey?” Then he turned to his Prime Minister, Prahasta and said: “Ask this evil-minded fellow wherefrom and why he has come here and why he has destroyed the garden and frightened the Rakshasas, by entering my impregnable kingdom.”

Prahasta turned to Anjaneya and asked: “O Vanara! Don't be afraid. Have you been sent by Indra, Kubera, Yama, Varuna or Vishnu (all gods) to conquer this island? You are a monkey only in appearance and not by your radiance. Speak the truth and be safe. Otherwise, you will be dead.”

Hanuman answered: “I have not been deputed by any of the gods. I am by nature and truly a monkey. I wanted to see the King Ravana and as a means to it, destroyed the garden to attract his attention. Then the Rakshasas attacked me and I fought them in self-defence. Astras do not hurt me because of the boon granted to me by Lord Brahma. Though I have been relieved by the Brahmastra, I have allowed myself to be hauled up into the king's presence. Know that I am a messenger of Rama, the most powerful, and listen to my good advice.”

“O Rakshasa King! I have come on a mission from Sugriva, your brother, who wishes you well. Hear his message pregnant with Dharma which can do good to you in this life and in the life hereafter. Rama is the eldest and the most beloved son of the valiant King Dasaratha, who treats his subjects as a father treats his children. Rama, who follows the tenets of Dharma, as stipulated by his father, the King, has left the royal palace and entered the forest along with his Consort, Sita, and brother, Lakshmana, to lead the life of an ascetic. Rama's devoted wife and king Janaka's daughter, Sita, has been lost in the forest. In their search for her, Rama and Lakshmana have reached the Rishyamuka Mountain and have come into contact with Sugriva, the Vanara King. They have entered into an agreement according to which Vali, whom you know, has been killed by Rama by a single shot. Sugriva, who had been wronged by his brother Vali, has been installed King in his place. Sugriva, in turn, has despatched his army of lakhs of Vanaras and bears to search for Sita in all directions of the earth, in the sky and underground.”

Among the Vanaras, there are some equal to Garutman, the King of Birds and some to the Wind God. I am the son of the Wind God himself. For the sake of Sita, I have crossed the ocean, which is 100 yojanas wide, and I have found her here in your custody. You have done great penance and you know the nature of Dharma (Code of conduct) and Artha (wealth or the rules for the acquisition of wealth etc.) It is not proper for you to kidnap someone else's wife. Men of wisdom like you do not commit acts which are dangerous, opposed to Dharma and extremely destructive by their nature to the doer.”

“There is none else in all the three worlds who can withstand the arrows speeding out of the rage of Rama and Lakshmana. You do not know that Sita, full of grief, is like a five-hooded serpent. She is food mixed with poison and cannot be digested by anyone. By your penance, you are blessed with long life and it does not behove you to get your life and wealth annihilated. You have obtained a boon from Lord Brahma by which you cannot be killed by the gods, the demons and some other groups. But under the boon, you have no immunity from death at the hands of human beings and Vanaras. How can you protect yourself from Sugriva, a Vanara, or Rama? Now your Adharma (sinful conduct) has overtaken your Dharma (pious conduct) and the time has come for you to reap the consequences of your Adharma.”

“Also know that I am enough to destroy the whole of Lanka with all its forces. However, it is Rama's declaration that he will himself undertake the destruction of those who have harmed Sita. Even Lord Indra cannot be happy, having injured Rama. What of people like you? Know Sita to be Kala Ratri (Goddess of Destruction). Visualise the destruction of Lanka along with you, your kith and kin by the power of Sita and the anger of Rama.”

“'O Rakshasa King! Listen to me, Rama's servant and messenger and especially a Vanara. (Hanuman implies that he has no reason to be partial, being a monkey.) Rama, the Supreme Lord, is capable of destroying all the animate and the inanimate objects of the world including the Five elements and recreate them as they were. He is like Lord Vishnu (Actually, Rama is an Avatar of Vishnu) in his valour and there is none among the gods or in any other group anywhere in the world, at any time, who can face him in war. Therefore, none can save his target like you.”

Having heard the well-constructed, well-directed and unpleasant message to Ravana by Anjaneya, Ravana became so furious as to order his immediate death.

Note: In this part of the Ramayana, the poet Valmiki beautifully describes the mutual and silent admiration of two great warriors, Anjaneya and Ravana. Besides, Anjaneya's extraordinary courage displayed amidst a host of enemies and Ravana's continued adherence to Adharma are well brought out.

Episode 21 - Ravana's call to Indrajit and Anjaneya's capture by Indrajit

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Thu, 20 Dec 2007 06:38:00 +0000

Ravana somehow reconciled himself to the death of Aksha, his young son, and then called another son, Indrajit and remarked: “You have obtained great Astras (Arrows used with Mantras) from Lord Brahma through your penance and you are well-versed in their use. Both gods and Rakshasas have tasted your strength in war and there is none who has not been troubled by you. You have handed them all sorrow and defeat. You have a great sense of time and place and you are well protected by your physical strength, your valour and your penance. There is nothing impossible for you in war and such is your wisdom that there is nothing beyond your accomplishment. You are my equal in every respect. Whenever there is war, I have no worry, knowing that you ensure our victory.”

“My Commanders, warriors, horses, elephants and chariots have been lost. Your beloved brother, Aksha, has been killed. You take stock of the great Monkey's strength and valour in relation to yours and organise yourself and your speed in a manner suitable to your strength. Lots of armies and great weapons like the Vajra have failed before Anjaneya, the Wind God's son, who is like fire. Therefore, consider the various aspects, be cool and focussed on your purpose. Remember the use of various Astras and begin your campaign. The fact that I am deputing you on this dangerous mission is not the best method and yet it is the king's duty. O Indrajit! May you succeed!”

Indrajit listened to his father's advice, circumambulated him and left for the battle-field in a chariot, along with an army of Rakshasas, well-determined and enthusiastic about the ensuing battle with Anjaneya. Hanuman heard the sound of the chariot and the sound of the bow-strings produced by Indrajit with joy. Indrajit had such great reputation for terror and cunning in war that while he was proceeding to the battle-ground, the earth looked gloomy in all the quarters and cruel animals were wildly howling. Hanuman, for his part, raised a huge war cry and assumed a mountain-like form. Both Anjaneya and Indrajit had great speed, strength and fearlessness in war and looked like the Lord of the Devas (gods) and the Lord of Asuras (Rakshasas), respectively.

Soon the battle began and Indrajit aimed lots of powerful arrows at Hanuman who skillfully moved between them in the air, untouched by them. Both of them were masters of warfare and neither could overwhelm the other. Soon Indrajit realised that Anjaneya could not be killed by any means. Therefore, he thought that he had to find a way to capture him and employed the Brahmastra, the most powerful weapon, against Anjaneya. Anjaneya was encircled by the Astra and brought down to the ground. He realised that this Astra belonging to Lord Brahma had the power to bind him temporarily and accordingly, bade his time. Though he knew he could release himself from the shackles of the Astra, out of respect for Lord Brahma, he kept quiet and reflected: “I am protected by Lord Brahma, Lord Indra and the Wind God, my father, and so, I am not hurt. Though I am captured, this is an opportunity for me to see Ravana into whose presence I shall be taken.”

Seeing Anjaneya bound by the Astra, the Rakshasa soldiers used ropes and barks of trees to reinforce the Astra. As a result, the Astra released its hold on Anjaneya. Indrajit realised the folly of the Rakshasas as he knew that the Astra would not operate on a person held by other devices and the Mantra (hymn) whose effect had been nullified, would not work again. Anjaneya was dragged along the route to the king's palace by the Rakshasas, inflicting punishment on him on the way with their fists and sticks. Soon Hanuman was produced before Ravana, the Rakshasa King and his Ministers. Ravana saw Hanuman in chains. Hanuman, in turn, looked at Ravana who was shining like the sun by his strength and splendour. Ravana was furious and his eyes reddened as he ordered some of his Ministers to question him. Anjaneya was accordingly questioned as to his purpose of visiting Lanka and by whom he was sent. Anjanya answered: “I have come here as a messenger of Sugriva.”

Episode 20 - Fight between Aksha and Anjaneya and Aksha's death

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:57:00 +0000

Knowing the death of the Commanders and the soldiers at the hands of Anjaneya, Ravana signalled his own son, Aksha, to go and fight the Vanara. The young hero, Aksha, climbed into a great chariot protected by a golden net around it and proceeded. The chariot was shining like the morning sun, equipped with all kinds of weapons and could move on the ground as well as in the air. Aksha was accompanied by a huge army and he approached Hanuman, who was waiting for the enemy. Aksha looked at Anjaneya with great respect and surprise.

Aksha estimated his own strength and his enemy's strength and quickly took stock of the whole situation. The battle between him and Hanuman was so fierce that the earth shook, the sun failed to shine, the wind stood still, the mountains shuddered, the sky thundered and the sea was agitated. The gods and the demons were bewildered alike.

Aksha hit Anjaneya with a few arrows on his head and the latter reeled and blood issued from his mouth. Yet he was glad and was impressed by the prowess of the young Rakshasa Prince. Aksha was like a cloud with a bow, like a rainbow, and rained arrows on Anjaneya who was like a mountain. Anjaneya was pleased with the art of war exhibited by Aksha and raised a war cry. The young Aksha, full of arrogance and anger moved closer to Anjaneya as an elephant would move into a trap. Both were in the air and Anjaneya was moving between the numerous arrows aimed at him and avoiding them. The whole sky was filled with arrows. Hanuman thought: “Aksha, young and brilliant like the morning sun, is doing the deeds of a seasoned warrior. Somehow, my mind is not made up to kill him. This young hero combines strategy, skill and valour in war and must be admired and feared by the gods, the Rakshasas and by one and all.”

Soon Hanuman realised that the enemy was escalating like fire and it was time to check him and close out the battle. He decided to kill Aksha. First, he destroyed his chariot with a blow delivered by his hand. Aksha jumped out into the air. Hanuman slowly approached him and caught hold of his feet. He swung him round and round and dashed him to the ground killing him at once. Hanuman again waited at the Main gate expecting further battle with the Rakshasas.

Note: Anjaneya is a true warrior and just as Ravana has admiration for him, he has great admiration for Aksha, a heroic son of Ravana.

Episode 19 - Destruction of Asoka Garden by Anjaneya and his fight with the Rakshasas

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:57:00 +0000

To execute his plan, Anjaneya decided to destroy Asoka Garden which was extremely attractive to the eye and the mind and particularly loved by the Rakshasi ladies. He began to pull down trees, break the branches and destroy the mountain peaks and the banks of the ponds and the water-pools. As a result of the destruction, the garden looked forlorn. Birds flew out of their nests terrified and serpents and animals galloped helter-skelter. Creeper-houses, museums and resorts in the garden were also destroyed. Having thus offended the mighty Ravana, Hanuman took up position at the entrance of the garden awaiting the Rakshasas and eager to fight them single-handed.

The Lankans were awakened to the horrible howls and shrieks of the birds and animals and the cracking sounds of the uprooted trees. The security guard, Rakshasis, too woke up to the reality that the beautiful garden was destroyed by the terrible mountain-like monkey. Then they questioned Sita: “Who is this monkey? Where has he come from and why? What is it that he has spoken to you?” The chaste and beautiful Sita cleverly answered: “How can I know the tricks of the terrible Rakhasas? As a serpent alone identifies the feet of a serpent, you alone certainly know who he is and what he will do. I am also afraid of him and think that he is a Rakshasa in disguise.” It may be noted that speaking an untruth is not only justifiable but is regarded as a higher Dharma than speaking the truth in certain circumstances according to Hindu philosophy and Sastras.

Some of the Rakshasis then ran up to Ravana, the King, and reported the havoc played by the monkey with the Asoka Garden, his meeting with Sita and Sita's disinclination to reveal his identity. They also pointed out that the monkey destroyed the entire garden except the area surrounding Sita.

Hearing the report of the security guard, Ravana became furious like the fire kindled by Homa (offering of ghee etc.). Drops of tears dropped from his eyes reddened by anger like drops of oil coupled with little flames dropping down from huge burning lamps. He immediately ordered a group of 80,000 Kinkaras (a special army unit), who were equal to him in strength, to capture Anjaneya. All of them were war-mongers, well-armed and they rushed to the garden gate where Hanuman was waiting for them. The Rakshasas attacked Anjaneya with maces, arrows, spears and other weapons. Hanuman raised a frightening war cry and announced to the Rakshasas: “Victory unto Rama, Lakshmana and Sugriva! I am a servant of Rama and the son of Wind God. A thousand Ravanas are not equal to me in war. I will destroy Lanka and accomplish my task.” The Rakshasas were terrified by Anjaneya's thunderous voice. However, obeying their king's command, they attacked him with all kinds of weapons. Hanuman took out an iron bar, partially dismantling the gate and with it killed most of the Rakshasas. The remaining ones ran for their lives and reported the proceedings to Ravana.

Hanuman waited at the Chaityaprasadam (Fort-gate) and he was roaming like a lion for the twin purpose of instilling fear in the minds of the Rakshasas and to provoke them to further battle. Hearing his roar, hundreds of security guards rushed and surrounded Anjaneya with their deadly weapons. But he was too quick for them. He pulled out a golden pole supporting the Fort and swung it round and round so that fire issued forth from it and destroyed the gate along with the Rakshasas. He also loudly proclaimed: “There are thousands of Vanaras like me pervading the whole earth and our King, Sugriva, will land here, accompanied by them soon and there will be no Lanka, no Rakshasas and no Ravana, who has made Rama his enemy.”

By the command of Ravana, other Rakshasas rushed out of their camps to fight Anjaneya and to kill him, if possible, and if not, to capture him, at least. Minister Prahasta's son and later, seven other Ministers' sons were despatched and were promptly killed by the mighty Anjaneya.

Ravana then summoned five Commanders named Virupaksha, Yupaksha, Durdhara, Praghasa and Bhasakarna and counselled them: “O Commanders! Go with a huge army, chariots, horses and elephants and punish the monkey. In your strategy, you have to show a sense of time and place. He is not really a monkey but a great Bhutam (element like Fire) created probably by the penance of Indra, the Lord of the Devas (gods). I have, in the past, accompanied by you, defeated the Devas, Rishis, Asuras and other divine groups. Therefore, it is inevitable and to be expected that they intend some harm for us out of revenge. This hero of a monkey is not to be taken lightly or treated with disrespect but is to be captured by force.”

“I have seen great Vanara warriors like Vali and Sugriva (Vanara Kings), Jambavan (Commander of the bears), Commander Nila and others. They do not have the terrible strategic movement, splendour or valour like Anjaneya. Nor do they have the intellect, the physical strength, the enterprise or the power to assume swiftly different forms like him. Therefore, know him to be an extraordinary being in the guise of a monkey. However, I remind you that there is none in all the three worlds who can stand before you in war. Even so, he who knows warfare and wants to triumph, has to protect himself inasmuch as victory in war is fickle and uncertain.”

Having received the King's instructions, the Commanders, who had the radiance of fire, left; fully equipped with weapons, for the area where Anjaneya was stationed. They soon encircled and attacked him from all directions and wounded him. However, they were no match for Anjaneya. He uprooted and employed a huge Maddi (sal) tree to kill some of them. Some others were killed by a mountain peak hurled at them by the Vanara. He was not to be denied weapons. He picked up and employed horses as missiles against horses, elephants against elephants, chariots against chariots and soldiers against soldiers. The battle-field was filled with corpses of Rakshasas and animals and broken chariots. Having finished his task, Hanuman resumed his position at the main entrance like God of Death, ready for further battle.

Note: Ravana's admiration for Anjaneya, though he is an enemy, presents him as a true warrior. It may also be noted that having created enemies for himself, Ravana is realistic enough to expect retaliation at some point of time.

Episode 18 - Conversation between Sita and Anjaneya continues. Delivery of signet jewel

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:56:00 +0000

Having heard Hanuman, Sita spoke to him words pregnant with Dharma (righteousness) and Artha (meaning/purpose). “O Vanara! The message that Rama is not attached to anyone else but that he is full of grief is like nectar tinged with poison. O great Vanara! See how Rama, Lakshmana and I are all full of trouble. Destiny is surely inescapable. Rama is like a ship-wrecked sailor and I don't now when he can reach the shore. When will he destroy Lanka together with the Rakshasas and join me?”

“As per a message sent by Vibhishana through his daughter, he has pleaded with his brother, Ravana, to release me from captivity, but he does not like the idea. Certainly death awaits Ravana on the battle-field. O Anjaneya! My mind is pure and Rama is full of noble and heroic qualities and, therefore, our union shall soon take place.” Sita's eyes were filled with tears even as she spoke.

Anjaneya responded to Sita: “O Sita! Hear me! Rama will soon overrun Lanka with a great army of apes and bears. Alternatively, if you climb my back, I will now itself lift you out of this calamity by crossing the ocean and uniting you with Rama. I have the capacity to bear the whole of the city of Lanka along with Ravana. The Rakshasas do not have the strength or the speed to follow me even as I fly carrying you.”

Sita was overwhelmingly surprised by Anjaneya's wonderful idea and said: “O Anjaneya! How do you, so small in size, wish to carry me on such a long journey! I think this is what is meant by Kapitvam (monkey-nature).”

Anjaneya was deeply hurt by being thus ridiculed by Sita and considered it a fresh insult (from whatever quarter). He wanted to demonstrate his strength and status to her. Therefore, he assumed a mountain-like form with a red face, huge teeth and nails like Indra's Vajra (weapon) and addressed her thus: “O Sita! I can carry the whole of Lanka along with everything available here including Ravana. Give up your doubts and I will join you with Rama at this instant.”

Sita replied: “O great Vanara! I know your strength and courage. You have the speed of the wind and the radiance of fire. How can any ordinary person reach this place located beyond the sea? However, we have to consider various aspects to ensure the fulfillment of Rama's mission.”

“It is not proper for me to travel on your back. I may lose consciousness by your speed or I may fall down from a great height into the sea to be good food for the sea animals. Besides, even as you try to protect me while flying, your life may also be in danger. Cruel, blood-thirsty Rakshasas will be despatched by Ravana to capture you on your flight along with me. They will be well-armed and you will have to fight them without weapons. The outcome of a battle is never certain. While you are engaged in the battle the Rakshasas may capture me and hold me in a secret place. Or they may kill me. My life may be in danger, in any case. All your endeavour made thus far will become a waste.”

“The lives of Rama, Lakshmana and all others depend upon my survival. If I die or get lost, they will all die in consequence. Moreover, I am a Pativrata (a devoted wife) and will not touch any man other than Rama, my husband. Although I was touched by Ravana while being kidnapped, I was completely helpless then. Finally, if you kill the Rakshasas and free me, it will affect Rama's fame. If, however, Rama comes here and destroys Ravana along with his kith and kin and takes me back, it will befit his standing and status as a king and as a warrior. Therefore, Hanuman, plan the future course of action in such a way that my release shall take place through a war between Rama supported by his army and the Rakshasas and make me happy.”

A master in the art of conversation, Hanuman was pleased with Sita's words and said: “O Devi! What you have spoken is appropriate to a chaste and modest lady like you. It is indeed extremely difficult for a woman to cross the wide ocean on my back. Secondly, your vow not to touch any man other than your husband behoves you, the wife of Rama, and no other woman. However, considering that Lanka is difficult to conquer, the sea difficult to cross and my own ability and my devotion and anxiety to unite you and Rama together immediately, I have offered to move you out now itself and there is no other reason. If you are not willing to go with me, kindly give me something to present to Rama as a memorabilia.”

In response, Sita began to narrate the following story to be conveyed to Rama by Anjaneya.

“O Rama! Once, while we were on the Chitrakuta Mountain, you were sleeping on my lap. A crow began to pierce the middle of my breasts. Blood began to ooze out of my chest and you were woken up. You were so intensely offended and were so angry with the crow that you took a blade of grass (Darbha) turned it into Brahmastra (a great arrow created by Vedic hymns) and employed it to kill the crow. The crow fled to all parts of the world to find a protector but could not find one in Lord Brahma, the Creator or in anyone else. At last, it came back and fell upon your feet. As you are of a forgiving nature, you told the crow: 'The Brahmastra cannot fail to accomplish its task altogether. Therefore, offer something to pacify it.' In response, the crow offered its left eye as a target and its life was saved by your compassion.”

“You who have used the most powerful Brahmastra against a tiny creature like a crow -- Why are you ignoring the unpardonable offence of Ravana who has kidnapped me? Though I have a husband, a protector in you, I look like one without a husband/protector. It is time for you to show sympathy towards me and kill Ravana along with his followers and redeem me.” Sita began to ponder: “I have committed a great sin. That is why Rama and Lakshmana, though competent to kill the enemy, are keeping quiet.”

Hanuman, seeing Sita in tears, tried to console her saying, “Devi! Rama and Lakshmana are full of grief. Anxious to see you, they will march here immediately. Rama will destroy Ravana along with his army of Rakshasas and take you back to Ayodhya in triumph. Kindly give a message to Rama and Lakshmana and Sugriva and the Vanaras.”

Sita responded to Anjaneya: “On my behalf, bow and salute Rama, the protector of the world, whom the high-minded Kausalya has begotten. Lakshmana has discarded all luxuries of royal life and has chosen to live a life of suffering in the forest, serving his brother. He regards Rama as his father and me as his mother. Sumitra has become a holy mother by giving birth to Lakshmana. He performs any task assigned to him by Rama. Rama, by his association with Lakshmana, has overcome the grief caused by his father's death. Lakshmana is always soft, pure, competent and loved by his brother, Rama. For my sake, Anjaneya, enquire into the well-being of Lakshmana in such a way that he brings my sorrow to an end.”

“Let Rama, by your effort, get ready for war and save me. Inform him that I shall live for only one month and before the time runs out, the evil-minded, regular sinner, Ravana, will have to be killed.” So saying, Sita removed a crest-jewel hidden in her clothes and gave it to Anjaneya to be delivered to Rama as a signet.

Anjaneya took the jewel, bowed to Sita in great reverence and circumambulated her. He at once thought of Rama with great satisfaction.

Sita continued: “On seeing this jewel, Rama will recollect me and his parents. In accomplishing my release, you have the lead role and your plan and your endeavour will end my suffering. Convey my enquiries about the well-being of Rama and Lakshmana and Sugriva, his Ministers and elderly Vanaras in accordance with Dharma. You devise a plan by which the valiant Rama will lift me up out of this sea of sorrow while my life lasts. By your word, you will obtain Punya (fruit of good). Your enthusiastic words will enhance Rama's enterprise in the great act of my rescue.”

Anjaneya bowed to Sita with folded palms and said: “Rama will land here soon with all the army and annihilate your sorrow. He can face everyone including Parjanya (Rain God) or Yama (God of Death) in battle, especially for your sake. He can conquer the entire earth surrounded by the seas and the mountains.”

Sita complimented Anjaneya whose pleasant words demonstrated his love for Rama and looked at him again and again and said: “Anjaneya! Please rest for a day somewhere here and then proceed on your return journey. By your stay in the vicinity, there will be a moment's relief for me, unfortunate as I am. Even as you go back, my survival will become doubtful. Still I have certain doubts about the ability of the army of monkeys and bears to cross the ocean along with Rama and Lakshmana. As far as I know, there are only three people who can cross the ocean; yourself, Garutman (Lord Vishnu's chariot-bird) and the Wind God.”

Anjaneya replied to Sita as follows for the removal of doubts: “O Devi! The Vanaras are strong, heroic and can assume any form of any size. They have access to the sky and can move up and down, vertically and horizontally at any angle, according to will. They have a record of going round the earth not once, but several times and can accomplish great tasks. There is none among them inferior to me. All are equal or superior to me. It is the practice to employ ordinary ones on errands and accordingly, I have been deputed on this mission. By one jump, they can land in Lanka. I will carry Rama and Lakshmana on my shoulders across the ocean. Rama will destroy Ravana and return to Ayodhya along with you in triumph. O Devi! Give up sorrow as you have the protection of Rama and Lakshmana, who are like the fire and the wind. You will not stay here among the Rakshasas for a long time. Kindly hold out till I go back to Rama and we will be back here in no time to free you.”

Sita, who was like an angel, felt glad and said: “I am happy to see you and hear you and I am now like the Mother Earth which blossoms with crops upon the arrival of rain. I wish to embrace Rama with this body sunken by sorrow. Help me in this task out of compassion for me. Show to Rama the sacrificial grass (Darbha) which was used by him to destroy the crow's eye as a reminder of the past in addition to my crest-jewel. Convey my message to Rama thus: “O Rama! I am undergoing unbearable suffering and also tolerating the heart-rending cruel words of the terrible Rakshasis surrounding me, for your sake. Without you, I cannot survive beyond a month from now. This demon king is horrible and his evil design is terrifying. Knowing that you are delaying my rescue, I cannot live even for a moment.”

Finding Sita in tears, Hanuman again assured her that Rama was extremely grief-stricken by her separation and would, in no time, reach Lanka to destroy Ravana and his followers and rescue her, bringing her misery to an end.

Finally, Sita blessed Anjaneya with success in his remaining part of the mission and he took leave of her, having won her admiration and respect conveyed in as many words. He then reflected: “I have found Sita. There remains a little more to be done. There are four methods to deal with an enemy, viz; (1) Sama (conciliation), (2) Dana (bestowing of gifts or generosity), (3) Bheda (sowing discord in the enemy camp) and (4) Danda (punishment). Sama does not work in the case of Rakshasas who are cruel. Dana does not work either, as they have wealth in abundance. Nor can Bheda as they are strong and arrogant. Only Danda through heroism will be effective. If I kill the important warriors now, the remaining Rakshasas will become soft targets later. He who accomplishes more than the specific work assigned to him, without offending the main purpose, is the one best suited as an emissary and he must know all possible methods of achieving the objective and not just one. Now if I assess the relative strengths, the enemy's and our own, I shall have done my master's bidding well. I have to invent a method by which war will take place between me and the Rakshasas, so that my strength will bear fruit and will be appreciated by Ravana.”

Note: Some important features of this episode are Anjaneya's extraordinary courage, self-belief and love of adventure and Sita's demonstration of her chastity and heroic character in preferring to wait till Rama rescues her, instead of accepting Anjaneya's help to get out of captivity.

Episode 17 - Sita's further enquiry and Anjaneya's response. Delivery of Rama's signet ring

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:54:00 +0000

Sita, having thus heard the story of Rama from Anjaneya, further questioned him: “What is the background of your contact with Rama and Lakshmana and the friendship between men and monkeys? To enable me to ward off sorrow, describe the features of Rama and Lakshmana in detail.”

Hanuman answered: “O Lotus-eyed Vaidehi! Rama has eyes like lotus petals and by his beautiful appearance and compassion, is the darling of every being. In his splendour, he is equal to the sun and in forbearance to the Mother Earth; in intellect to Brihaspati and in fame to Indra, Lord of Heaven. He protects all his subjects, all the distinct human groups (castes), preserves tradition and creates and rules the world.”

“The glittering Rama is well respected. He observes Brahmacharya (celibacy), does good to good folk and knows the consequences of various actions. He is possessed of political wisdom; well-versed in the Vedas and the Vedangas and the Sastras. He is modest in spite of his high learning. He respects the Brahmins and is worshipped by Vedic scholars.”

“Rama is physically well-proportioned and strongly built and has a beautiful complexion. He has a melodious voice ringing like a musical instrument. He adheres to truth and Dharma. He has a true sense of time and place and is sweet-tongued. Lakshmana, Rama's step-brother, unconquered in war, is just like Rama in physical features, qualities and affection for others. Rama and Lakshmana, in their search for you, around the world, have chanced upon us. Rama met Sugriva on the Rishyamuka Mountain where he was driven by his brother Vali, who also took away his wife, Ruma.”

“Thereupon, Lakshmana narrated Rama's plight of losing you. On hearing about Rama's fate, Sugriva became pale like the moon eclipsed by Rahugraha. Then the ornaments dropped by you from the sky to the ground, while you were being abducted by Ravana, which were recovered by us, were produced by me before Rama. He swooned while receiving the ornaments, then recovered a little and began to cry. Rama's sorrow escalated as he looked intently at the ornaments.”

“O pure lady! Sleeplessness caused by your loss, constant crying and profound sorrow have made Rama a burning volcano. The beautiful woods, the streams and the rivers do not fascinate him in your absence. Rama will soon destroy Ravana along with his kith and kin.”

“Rama and Sugriva have entered into an agreement. Accordingly, Rama has killed Vali and installed Sugriva King of the Monkey Kingdom. In turn, Sugriva has sent his army in all directions in search of you. I have come here, being Sugriva's Minister, as part of the mission.”

“My party, consisting of Angada, the Vanara Prince, and others became desperate and we wanted to end our lives at one stage. Just then, Sampati, a Bird King, came to us and enquired about his brother, Jatayu. We informed him that Jatayu had been killed by Ravana when he fought him to rescue you. Sampati was deeply hurt by the news of his brother's death and revealed to us that you were held captive here by Ravana.”

“Angada and the other Vanaras came to the sea-shore to see you and were sad and frightened, finding no way to locate you. I have removed their fears by crossing the ocean of 100 yojanas. I have entered Lanka; I have seen Ravana. I have seen you, full of sorrow. O Sita! I have told you all the truth. I can assume any form according to need and have come here alone. I shall remove Vanaras' fear. Rama will soon join you, killing Ravana along with the other Rakshasas and his friends. I am Anjaneya, born by the grace of Wind God. In strength, I am equal to my father, the wind.”

“Having heard the entire story, Sita looked at once bright like the moon released by Rahu, after the eclipse. Sita was now truly satisfied that it was Rama's emissary, Anjaneya, that was before her and shed tears of joy. Anjaneya informed Sita that he was to go back and requested her not to lose heart and tell him her wish. Finally, he handed over the golden ring given by Rama to Sita as a signet. Sita, receiving the ring from Anjaneya, felt happy as if she joined her husband, Rama himself, and admired Anjaneya: “O great Vanara! Being full of valour, competence and wisdom, you have entered this outlying land alone fearlessly, crossing the ocean. You do not fear even Ravana. I do not consider you an ordinary monkey. Rama, the great warrior, does not send an untested person on an adventure like this, especially to me. By good fortune, Rama and Lakshmana are safe.”

“If Rama is safe and sound, why does he not destroy the entire world? Rama and Lakshmana are capable of conquering the gods. Perhaps, there is no end to my misery. Is Rama acquiring good friends? Is he praying to Devas (gods) to invoke their sympathy? Is he doing his own bit of preparation? Has he not lost his interest in me as I am away from him? Will he redeem me out of this captivity? Is there news from Ayodhya about the well-being of Kausalya, Sumitra and Bharata? (In Sita's enquiry, the omission of Kaikeyi is significant). Is Rama, revered as he is, grief-stricken on my account? Is he single-minded in his determination to free me? Will Bharata and Sugriva march their armies into Lanka? Will Lakshmana, the great archer, destroy the Rakshasas? Shall I see Ravana being destroyed in war along with his friends?”

She added: “Rama was not overwhelmed by grief, fear or sorrow when we left for the forest on foot. Does he still retain that courage? O Hanuman! In this world, Rama has no father, no mother and none else equal to me or superior to me in friendship.”

Maruti, the terrible warrior, having thus heard Sita, answered her: “O Lotus-eyed lady! Rama does not know that you are here. As soon as he hears the message from me, he will rush here with an army of monkeys and bears. He will kill the gods along with the Rakshasas and even God of Death (Mrutyu) if they come in his way. Rama, separated from you, is not able to overcome grief. I swear upon all the mountains and the roots and the fruits that we Vanaras eat, that you shall soon see the moon-like face of Rama. At present, Rama does not eat meat, does not drink wine and eats only a little raw vegetarian food once in the evening. He does not even remove the insects or the serpents that creep on his body. He is always absorbed in thought about you and calls out your name while awake or asleep.”

On hearing Anjaneya's description of Rama's state, Sita's sorrow, which was equal to Rama's, abated. A mixed feeling of joy and sorrow filled her.

Episode 16 - Anjaneya describes Rama's features as desired by Sita

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:53:00 +0000

Even as Sita spoke to Anjaneya thus, she wondered whether it was all a dream. Even a good dream would keep her alive and dream itself seemed to have turned its back on her. She continued to ponder thus: “Has my mind lost its balance? Am I sick or insane? This monkey, whom I see, is definitely Ravana in disguise.” Having decided thus, Sita kept quiet, once again.

Anjaneya realised that Sita was still suspecting his identity and attempted to please her by answering her enquiry about Rama: “O Sita! Rama is as radiant as the sun, as handsome as the moon or Manmatha, God of Love. He is the King of the entire world like the Lord of Wealth, Kubera. In valour, he is like the Supreme Lord, Vishnu. He is always truthful and pleasant in his speech like Brihaspati. Rama is the greatest warrior and charioteer under whose protection the world lives. He becomes angry at the right time and with the right people. You will see what fate will befall Ravana who has kidnapped you by misdirecting Rama away from you through another Rakshasa in the guise of a deer.”

“O Lady! Rama is suffering the pangs of separation from you. He has sent me here as a messenger. His arrows will target Ravana like fire and destroy him soon. Lakshmana bows to you and is interested in knowing your welfare and so also Sugriva, the Monkey King and friend to Rama. All of them think of you at all times. You are alive by God's grace. Crores of Vanaras will enter Lanka led by Rama and Lakshmana and Sugriva. I am Sugriva's Minister and I have come here to see you and place my foot on Ravana's head. I am not Ravana. Kindly believe me and get rid of your doubts and suspicions.”

Episode 15 - Anjaneya comes down from the tree and talks to Sita

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:52:00 +0000

Anjaneya appeared to Sita as bright as the lightning and his eyes were like heated gold. Sita was shell-shocked for a moment and began to cry, calling the names of Rama and Lakshmana. As Anjaneya was approaching her, she thought that it was all, perhaps, a dream. Again, she thought that as she was always absorbed in the thought of Rama, she was seeing and hearing only things relating to him. She also wished that the monkey and its message should be real and prayed to the gods accordingly.

Anjaneya drew near to Sita, bowed to her in all humility and began to address her thus: “Who are you lady, with eyes like lotus petals and worn-out clothes, holding the branch of the tree? Why are your eyes filled with tears? Have you offended your husband and come over here? Are you crying over the death of your husband or son or some other relative? From your features, you appear to hail from a royal family.”

Anjaneya continued: “If you are Sita, kidnapped by Ravana from Janasthan, kindly inform me. Your pitiable condition, your dress denoting your penance and your extraordinary beauty certainly point to your being Rama's Consort.”

Sita, pleased with Anjaneya's reference to Rama, responded thus: “Yes, I am a daughter-in-law of Dasaratha, the greatest King on Earth, and the daughter of the noble King Janaka of Videha. I am known by the name Sita, the enlightened Rama's wife.

“After we had a 12-year luxurious life in the palace, the King was preparing for Rama's coronation. On that occasion, Queen Kaikeyi reminded the King that he had to fulfill his pending promises and accordingly, she wished that he should send Rama away to the forest and install Bharata, her own son, on the throne. Otherwise, she threatened that she would die. Dasaratha swooned on hearing the cruel wishes of his queen. But as he was truthful, he had no choice except to avoid Rama's coronation and send him to the forest. Accordingly, Rama gladly took his father's word to heart as being sweeter than coronation and announced his readiness to leave for the forest.”

“Rama's nature is such that he doesn't say anything unpleasant to anyone and does not receive but only confers gifts and favours on others. He, therefore, left all his possessions behind, turned his mind away from the kingdom and commended me to the care of his mother. But without Rama, even Heaven means nothing to me and therefore, I decided to accompany my husband into the forest. Lakshmana, his brother, did not lag behind and he was already dressed in clothes made of barks of trees appropriate to forest life of penance, ready to go with Rama.”

All the three of us entered the Dandaka forest according to the King's command and were adhering to the discipline of sacred Vanavasa (forest life). However, Ravana, the wicked Rakshasa, has kidnapped me and held me captive here. I have only two months' time to live, granted by Ravana. Beyond that, my life will come to an end.”

Anjaneya heard Sita, who was being entangled in one grief after another. He began to console her thus: “O Vaidehi! I am the emissary of Rama who wants to know your welfare. Lakshmana, follower of Rama, salutes and bows to you.”

Sita was immensely pleased to hear about the welfare of Rama and Lakshmana and responded to Anjaneya; “The belief that if man is alive, he will reap happiness even after a hundred years, appears to be good and true.”

As confidence developed between Anjaneya and Sita, Anjaneya, in his attempt to console her, began to move closer to her. As he moved nearer and nearer, Sita became more and more suspicious, mistaking him to be Ravana himself in disguise. She regretted that she had ever opened up her mind to him and was feeling helpless and sat down.

Anjaneya, not knowing what to do, saluted her. Sita, recovering a little bit, spoke to Anjaneya thus: “If you are Ravana in disguise, you are again creating trouble for me and this is not good for you. You are the same Ravana that appeared before me in Janasthan in the guise of a hermit and kidnapped me. I am already emaciated by fasting and am in a hopeless condition. It is no good of you to heighten my misery by further mischief. However, as by your presence, I have felt some joy, you are probably not Ravana. If you are really Rama's messenger, may you be safe and prosper! I wish to hear more from you about Rama and his traits.”

It may be added that by further questioning Anjaneya, Sita wanted to have his identity confirmed , in addition to receiving the pleasure of more and more news about her husband, Rama.

Episode 14 - Anjaneya narrates the story of Rama from the tree top

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:51:00 +0000

Hanuman, sitting above, amidst the branches of the tree, was witness to all that was happening. He felt that it was his immediate duty to console Sita, who was impatient and desperate to see Rama, the most powerful and the most compassionate.

Hanuman pondered thus: “If I do not console Sita now, it will be a sin on my part and she will die before the day-break. Though I am a monkey, I have to speak in human language which I am capable of. However, Sita will suspect me to be Ravana himself in disguise. Besides, the Rakshasis may attempt to kill me and will certainly carry the message to Ravana. Rakshasa troops will be despatched and if they capture me, Sita will not know about my arrival. The Rakshasas, by nature, love violence and they may as well kill Sita.”

“I am caught in a dilemma. If I do not interact with Sita now, she is certain to die. If I speak to her, I may get caught or killed. A foolish emissary can destroy the whole purpose of a mission. In any case, I have to devise a way of consoling Sita. Her mind is always focussed on her husband. Therefore, if I speak words of praise for Rama, the greatest and the brightest of the Ikshavaku Kings, Sita will believe in me.”

In pursuance of his plan, Anjaneya began to narrate sweetly the story of Rama thus: “Once there was a famous, valiant, truthful and prosperous king called Dasaratha in the Ikshavaku clan. His eldest son, known as Rama, is as beautiful as the moon. He is the greatest archer and knows what is best in the whole creation. Following the king's word, Rama, accompanied by his wife, Sita, and brother Lakshmana, left for the forest. In the forest, he was hunting and killed several cruel Rakshasas. Offended by the killings, Ravana, the Rakshasa King, with the help of another Rakshasa disguised as a deer, deceived Rama and abducted Sita.”

“Rama has been searching for Sita and has come into contact with Sugriva, who was dethroned by his brother, Vali. Vali, who wronged Sugriva, has been killed by Rama and Sugriva has been installed King of the Vanaras. Sugriva, as per the agreement between Rama and himself, has dispatched his army of Vanaras in all directions in search of Sita. As part of the mission and upon the clues provided by Sampati, a bird, I have crossed the ocean and arrived here. I have found Sita who fits exactly the description given by Rama, in her appearance, colour and features.”

Having thus introduced himself somewhat indirectly to Sita, Anjaneya kept quiet, awaiting her reaction. Sita was pleasantly surprised. She looked around in all directions; looked up and noticed Anjaneya amidst the branches of the tree.

Episode 13 - Sita's desperation and Trijata's dream

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:50:00 +0000

Sita looked like a deer surrounded by wolves. Her misery brought about by her separation from her husband was intensified by the cruelty and the wickedness of the terrible Rakshasis. Sita pondered: “The maxim that death does not visit either a man or a woman unless the time is ripe, is true. I am undergoing great suffering and I do not know what sin has been committed by me in a previous birth. It is not possible even to die for me even if I wish, with these Rakshasis guarding me. Fie upon human life and servitude!”

Even in the midst of despair, Sita did not lose hope altogether. She reflected: “Though Lanka, being an island, seems to be impregnable, Rama's arrows will reach here and destroy Ravana. Perhaps, Rama does not know that I am held captive here. Jatayu, who could have carried the message to Rama, though old, attacked Ravana and was killed by him. If Rama knows that I am here, he, along with Lakshmana, will free the world from any trace of Rakshasas. Just as I am crying here, desolate and grief-stricken, all the Lankan women will cry for their lost husbands. Shortly, Lanka will turn into a huge grave-yard to be visited by eagles, hovering around. Consequent on Ravana's death, Lanka will look like a widow. The time set by Ravana for my death is nearing. I wonder why the death ordained for me by the wicked and lowly Rakshasa does not visit him. These Rakshasas, who eat meat and are blood-thirsty, have no idea of sin or Dharma and there is nothing like a prohibited act for them. These sinners will soon face annihilation.”

“I am helpless in the absence of Rama. Ravana will have me killed in time as stipulated. There is no one here even to supply me with poison to bring my life to an end. Perhaps, Rama has reached Heaven, unable to bear my separation. Or he may have resorted to a life of seclusion out of a sense of resignation. Are there no pure qualities in me and do I merit such misery as this? Has my fortune dried up?”

“Probably, Ravana has deceived Rama and Lakshmana and killed them. The hermits, who have shunned all sin and conquered their senses and minds, are great indeed. They have no attachment to or hatred for anything and they remain unaffected by any happening. Salutations to such holy men!”

As Sita was getting nearer and nearer to a high point of desperation, some of the Rakshasis went to report her refusal to Ravana and others began to threaten Sita with death. However, a Rakshasi called Trijata had a surprise and addressed the other Rakshasis thus: “You wicked ones! You kill and eat yourselves up and not Sita. I have had a terrible dream portending the destruction of Ravana along with Rama's triumph.”

The Rakshasis at once became curious and pleaded with Trijata to elaborate her dream. Trijata continued: “I have seen Sita joining Rama, accompanied by Lakshmana, on a huge, bright elephant. They were then seated on the Pushpaka airplane and moved in the northern (auspicious) direction. Just as sinners cannot attain Heaven, neither the gods nor the Rakshasas can conquer the great Rama, Sita's husband.”

“I have seen Ravana with a bald head, dressed in black, falling from an airplane to the ground and being dragged by a woman. He was also seen riding a donkey and moving in the southern (inauspicious) direction. He fell even from that donkey, crying, upside down. His brother, Kumbhakarna and his sons Indrajit and others were all crest-fallen and moving southward like Ravana.”

“I found only Vibhishana, Ravana's brother, dressed in bright white and seated on an elephant and moving in a kingly procession. I have seen Lanka set on fire by Rama's emissary, a Vanara.”

“Enough of your cruel words to Sita. We have to seek her mercy now to avert the danger that awaits us. Sita has a tender heart and the ability to protect us and she will respond to our prayer.”

Trijata then noticed some good omens on the person of Sita. Her left eye began to wink and her left shoulder and left thigh began to jerk. A bird seated on a tree was making agreeable sounds as if to denote the approaching union of Rama and Sita.

Sita began to cry once again like a little girl deserted in a forest. She wanted to die but did not know how. She reflected: “My heart is hard like a rock, being able to withstand this misery. This Ravana, with an offending appearance, wants to kill me, an innocent woman. The time is running out and sits heavily on me. I cannot give my heart to the Rakshasa just as a Brahmin cannot impart the Vedic Mantras (hymns) to the undeserving. There is no doubt that Kala (God of Death) attracted me in the guise of a golden deer. Out of greed, I despatched Rama and Lakshmana to fetch it and certainly caused their death.”

“O Rama! You have a moon's face and are truthful and do good to all beings and are loved by one and all. What a pity you don't know that I am imprisoned here! Just as everything done for ungrateful men produces nothing in return, so have my Pativratyam (perfect devotion to husband in thought, word and deed), my adherence to truth and Dharma and my forbearance produced nothing. I have no hope of meeting you, Rama, and I am only destined to die out of despair.”

Sita finally decided to end her life by hanging from a branch of the tree sheltering her, with her matted locks of hair tied round her neck. However, she noticed some good omens on her own person which dissuaded her from suicide. For once, she felt lifted in spirits like a withering seed sprouting upon the onset of rain. Her sorrow soon evaporated and her face brightened like a moon-lit night.

Note: It may be mentioned that Rakshasi Trijata's dream and the indication by the bird's agreeable sounds ultimately come true.

Episode 12 - Ravana's warning to Sita and Sita's reply and Ravana's fury

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:49:00 +0000

On hearing Sita's words of outright condemnation directed against Ravana, he became furious and said to her: “As a man appeases a woman, he becomes her servant. Even as he speaks loving words, he is rejected by her. My love for you alone is controlling my anger and love is crooked, the way it creates sympathy for the object of love. That is why I am not getting you killed, interested as you are in Rama, who is pretending to lead a forest life. For every harsh word uttered by you about me, you deserve to be cruelly killed. I warn you that if you do not yield to me within two months, you will be killed and cooked for my breakfast.”

Deva and Gandharva maidens, observing Sita from above, were shaken by grief and they consoled her by their gestures. The noble Sita then answered Ravana thus: “It is certain that there is no well-wisher for you here who will stop you in your cruel enterprise. In all the three worlds, there is none who entertains such thoughts about me like you. O wicked Rakshasa! You cannot escape the consequences of what you have said to me, Rama's Consort, wherever you may go. Hiding in Lanka and unable to face Rama, you are abusing him without any sense of shame. You have an evil eye and an evil tongue. I do not know why your eyes and your tongue do not crack up. My abduction by you is certain to culminate in your death. You pride yourself upon being Lord Kubera's brother and valiant. Then, why did you steal me by misdirecting Rama away from me?”

Hearing Sita's summing up of his character, Ravana's eyes became red with rage and offence and he roared: “Sita, you who are devoted to Rama, who is devoid of wealth and treads an evil path! I will kill you now itself.” So saying, Ravana commanded the Rakshasi guards: “You shall employ all the four methods, viz, Sama (conciliation); Dana (generosity); Bheda (sowing discord in the enemy camp) and Danda (punishment) to divert Sita towards me. In the process, use agreeable as well as disagreeable methods as may be required.” Ravana, full of passion for Sita, an embodiment of virtue, having thus terrorized her, left for his abode, accompanied by his ladies.”

Episode 11 - Sita’s condemnation of Ravana and her advice to him

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sun, 09 Dec 2007 03:48:00 +0000

Sita was, all the while, crying and thinking of her husband. She threw a blade of grass between her and Ravana to serve as a barrier and responded to the Demon King thus:

“As a sinner cannot hope to reach Heaven, you cannot hope to seek me. Therefore, turn your mind away from me and focus it on your wives. I am the devoted wife of my husband, Rama. I have a high birth and entered by marriage a noble family; I cannot be impure.”

So saying, Sita turned her back on Ravana and continued: “Just as your wives are to be protected along with their character, so is the case with others' wives. Your mind is crooked and perverted. Are there no holy men in this land who can teach you morals? If there are any, do you not care to listen to them? The prosperous Lanka, by having a sinner like you as King, will soon meet with destruction. The whole world, especially those that have been injured by you, will rejoice at your fall brought about by your own misdeeds. Just as light cannot be separated from the sun, I cannot be separated from Rama. Just as the Vedas belong to a pious well-disciplined Brahmin initiated into them, I belong to Rama, the King of the Earth. Therefore, O Ravana, unite me with my husband and he will pardon you. His nature, his vow, is such that he will protect any one who seeks his refuge.”

Sita continued: “You wretched fellow! Knowing that Rama had killed thousands of Rakshasas at Janasthan and not able to face him, you entered my place like a thief, by diverting Rama and Lakshmana away from me, and kidnapped me. When you scent their presence in the battle-field, you cannot stand before them any more than a dog can stand before tigers. Even if you flee to some other world, Rama's arrows will follow you and pierce you.”

Episode 10 - Ravana’s arrival in the garden and his encounter with Sita

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 08 Dec 2007 02:28:00 +0000

Early in the morning, Hanuman heard Vedic Mantras (hymns) being recited by Brahma Rakshasas, who were well-versed in the Vedas and the Vedangas and who had performed Yajnas (sacrifices). Ravana woke up to the auspicious sounds of musical instruments and at once thought of Sita in his infatuation for her. He immediately left for Sita’s place accompanied by his ladies. They were carrying golden lights, golden vessels of water, wines, fans and swords. One lady was carrying a Swetachatram (white umbrella) fitted to a golden stick, a royal insignia.

Hanuman spotted Ravana accompanied by his ladies, as he neared the Asoka tree. He was drunk and full of pride, egoism and lust and arrogance. He looked like Manmatha, God of Love, without his bow of flowers. Hanuman, who was himself full of radiance was overwhelmed by the extraordinary radiance of Ravana and assumed a small form and was seated in the midst of leaves so as not to be visible. Ravana drew near to Sita to see her closely.

As Ravana was approaching her, Sita began to shiver like a plantain (banana plant) blown about by wild winds. She looked like fame extinguished by false accusation and like knowledge that has faded due to lack of adequate recitation and revision. She was like a river with water dried up and like the night of a full-moon day when the moon is eclipsed by Rahugraham (In this context, in order to describe Sita’s pitiable condition, Valmiki gives many brilliant examples of many bright things that have lost their original lustre by some kind of unhappy and unwelcome interference or influence. Only a few of them have been mentioned). She became emaciated by her fasting, penance, sorrow and fear. She looked like an angel praying for Ravana’s defeat and destruction at the hands of Rama. However, Ravana began to threaten her with death and in doing so, was probably inviting his own death. He was mixing his threats with sweet words.

Ravana pleaded with Sita “O Sita! The darling of the entire world! I love you. Why do you conceal yourself from me? You need not fear anyone here. I remind you that it is our Rakshasa Dharma to enjoy women belonging to others even by kidnapping them. Though I am love-sick, I do not want to touch you, as you are averse to me. This kind of self-inflicted suffering does not suit you. Love me.”

Continuing, Ravana said: “You are like a jewel among women. Wear ornaments. Youth is like flowing water and your youth is getting lost never to be regained. Lord Brahma, the Creator, having created a beauty like you, appears to have stopped creating beautiful objects, as there is none else so beautiful as you. If God Brahma finds you, he cannot leave you; not to speak of mortals like me.”

“O Sita! If you accept my courtship, you will be my queen, above all others, who will be at your command and service. I shall conquer the entire world and place it at your father, Janaka’s feet. It is doubtful if Rama, who has lost his kingdom, is still alive. He cannot hope to see you, much less to retrieve you from my charge. After seeing you, I am not able to enjoy the company of my wives. If you accept me, they will be subordinated to you.”

“Rama is not equal to me in penance, physical strength, valour, wealth, grace or fame. O Hilarious Sita! Drink and enjoy with me all kinds of luxuries. I shall bestow on you my kingdom and all kinds of wealth. Your kith and kin can also enjoy your wealth and prosperity. Let us go to the beautiful gardens and the sea-shore.”

Episode 9 - Anjaneya finds Sita in the Asoka Garden

noreply@blogger.com (Unknown) — Sat, 08 Dec 2007 02:27:00 +0000

The brightness of various trees lighted up the whole place. The Asoka Garden was comparable to the Nandana garden of Lord Indra and the Chaitraratham of Kubera, God of Wealth, in its magnificence and splendour. As his search continued, Anjaneya at last found an emaciated lady in old dusty clothes surrounded by Rakshasis. Though she was beautiful, her beauty was masked by lack of nourishment and she looked like a flame of fire surrounded by smoke. She was seated on the floor and was sighing like a deer separated from its clan and surrounded by hounds. Nevertheless, she was pleasant to look at like the moon. Snatched away from her loving husband and terrified by her abductor, the demon king, she was like fame brought down by false rumour.

Though Anjaneya had a little doubt about the identity of the lady at the beginning, he finally decided that she was the very Sita he was looking for, depending upon her appearance and traits. He thought: “Though Sita has been separated from Rama physically, she stands permanently fixed in his heart. Rama is undergoing great suffering for four reasons, viz., by his pity that a woman is lost, by his compassion that a woman dependent on him has been abducted, by sorrow that he has lost his wife and by the pangs of separation attending a lover. Rama and Sita are equally attractive physically and otherwise, and they reside in each other’s heart. Neither can live without the other. Rama is doing the impossible by living, even for a moment, without Sita.” So thinking, Anjaneya was pleased that he was able to find Sita at last and he also thought of Rama in admiration.

Hanuman once again reflected on the noble qualities of Sita and shed tears. He thought: “If a chaste jewel of a woman like Sita, well liked by elders and respected by well-disciplined Lakshmana, is to suffer, fate is insurmountable. Rama has killed 14,000 Rakshasas in Janasthan, besides the Commanders, Khara, Dushana and Trisira, for her sake. He has killed Vali, the Vanara King and installed Sugriva, his brother, on the throne. I have crossed the ocean for her sake. Even if Rama turns the planet earth upside down for the sake of Sita, there is nothing wrong. If there were a comparison between kingship of the three worlds and the possession of Sita, the value of all the worlds would not be equal to 1/16th of the value of Sita, Janaka’s daughter, who rose from the earth on her own, shining. Because of her extraordinary attachment to her husband, Rama, she has accompanied him into the forest, of her own choice, sacrificing the royal life of pleasure. Without any companions except her own husband, she has found happiness only in serving him and sharing his troubles. Golden in colour and always smiling as she speaks, Sita is now undergoing all kinds of unmerited misery. She is thinking only of Rama, unmindful of the Rakshasis or the trees surrounding her and surviving only on the thought of the possibility of meeting Rama. It is true that the husband is the greatest ornament for a woman and without her husband, even Sita lacks lustre.”

“Finding Sita, Rama will feel that he has got back his kingdom. Sita has been encountering all kinds of troubles, one after another, without respite. The beautiful Asoka trees and the shining moon in the star-lit sky only add to the sorrow of Sita pining for her loving husband.”

The moon in his resplendent form and cool rays appeared to be assisting Anjaneya in his mission. Hanuman, again, began to survey the whole scene. The noble lady, Sita, was surrounded by terrible Rakshasis. Some of them had disproportionate and disjointed physical features. Some were physically handicapped with only one eye or only one ear or no ears and so on. Some had very long or very short or crooked limbs. Some had faces like those of pigs, asses, elephants, oxen, horses or camels. They were always drinking and eating meat and their bodies were smeared with blood and particles of flesh. They bore weapons and were seated round the tree, guarding Sita. Amidst the Rakshasis, Sita looked like a star fallen from the sky.

Due to lack of regular bath and change of clothes, Sita did not appear to be shining even as she was shining by her natural beauty. With dark eyes like those of a little deer and dusty clothes, she wore a sad face and yet she was not overwhelmed by misery, knowing Rama’s valour and being protected by her own character. She was exhaling hot airs and appeared to be destroying the trees around. She looked like a bundle of sorrows and a wave of misery. However, Sita was physically in tact and even without any external ornaments, she was shining; and knowing this, Hanuman shed tears of joy and, in his mind, saluted Rama and Lakshmana.

Note: The inevitability of the role of cruel fate even in the lives of the pure is illustrated by the poet.