Sunset Software

Blog closed

2013-04-30T01:00:00.000+01:00

After 27 months I have published posts and videos at Youtube, I decided to have a new chapter of my life. I will stop to blogging at May 1^st 2013. If you want to contact me, please contact me via Twitter. I would like to thanks to my readers and God for opportunity to blogging tutorials and another stuff.

How to create a virtual interface on CentOS or Debian

2013-04-25T13:32:00.000+01:00

I was working on my DNS server and I wanted to create a virtual interface to distinguish internal requests from external requests. The command to create a virtual interface is:

ifconfig eth0:0 199.133.189.122 netmask 255.255.255.192 up

Design Patterns - Observer Pattern

2013-04-16T12:39:00.002+01:00

Introduction

A design pattern is a specific way of solving a particular problem. They are not simply about reusing code; they are more abstract and generalized than that. They are about using reusing ideas.

The Observer Pattern

Often, you'll have data in your application in your application that changes over time. Say that you have some GUI components that are required to show this data and update it when it changes. How would you handle it? One solution might be to pass the newly updated data to a method of the GUI component so that could redraw the information. A problem with this approach is remembering to do that each time the data is updated. What if it's not clear how often the data will be updated, and whether you want the GUI to update automatically when it does?

The observer pattern solves this problem by using two interfaces, Observer and Observable. As the names suggests, the Observer "watches" the Observable to see whether it changes.

Keeping with the theme of human senses, an Observer is sometimes called a Listener, but for this chapter we stick with the former name.

In its most basic implementation, the Observable can add Observers. Observable then is responsible for notifying them if anything about its state has changed, and the Observer is responsible for reacting to the change. In this example, our data is the Observable and the GUI components are the Observers. If the data changes, those changes will automatically be reflected in any GUI component that is an Observer of the data. Next figure demonstrates the observer pattern

Widgets

Continuing with the previous example, you'll use the observer pattern to handle displaying price information for some of the instruments within graphical elements on a Web page. First, you'll need to define some simple graphical components. These components will be basic HTML table structures whose functionality will be contained within an object. Such components often go under the all-purpose term of widgets.

Designing the Widgets

A graphical widget will have two responsibilities. It will need to draw its own HTML so that it can be seen on a Web page, and it will need to update the data it displays. You may have noticed (from previous figure) that an update method is defined in the Observer interface.

Each widget is an Observer. The item being observed is the data representing the instrument name and price information. The data source is Observable.

All widgets, then, should implement the Observer interface. In addition, each one should descend from an abstract class that defines some shared functionality between widget objects. This is an example of using interfaces and abstract class together. Because the update() method is the same for all widgets, it can be implemented in the abstract class. The class diagram is shown in next figure.

Now all concrete implementations of widgets will descend from the AbstractWidget class. The AbstractWidget class in the turn implements the Observer interface. Notice the update() method in the class diagram for AbstractWidget is not shown in italics. This means that the method is actually implemented at that point. The # symbol indicates that the internalData property is protected. That means subclasses of AbstractWidget have access to it. If it were private, subclasses would not be able to access it.

All text and images above is from the book:"Professional PHP5" ISBN: 0-7645-7282-2 (Lecky-Thompson et al., 2005)

How to configure NTP Server and Client on CentOS

2013-04-16T12:39:00.001+01:00

Introduction

NTP is widely used to synchronize a computer to Internet time servers or other sources, such as a radio or satellite receiver or telephone modem service. It can also be used as a server for dependent clients. It provides accuracies typically less than a millisecond on LANs and up to a few milliseconds on WANs. Typical NTP configurations utilize multiple redundant servers and diverse network paths in order to achieve high accuracy and reliability.

Text retired from Web page's Network Time Protocol

Configure NTP Server

yum install ntp (and type 'y' when show up two questions);
vi /etc/ntp.conf
Add the next statement for accept requests from another servers (DNS server, LDAP server, etc.) on your LAN:
restrict 10.50.0.0 mask 255.255.255.0 nomodify nopeer noquery
Add the next statement for public servers NTP synchronize with server's internal clock on your LAN:
server 0.europe.pool.ntp.org
server 1.europe.pool.ntp.org
server 2.europe.pool.ntp.org
server 3.europe.pool.ntp.org
This command allow to set current time from indicated NTP server:
ntpdate pool.ntp.org
The same server can be defined on configuration file:
vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers
pool.ntp.org
service ntpd start
Make sure the ntpd is active from beginning Linux boot;
chkconfig ntpd on
Checking synchronization status of service NTP.
nptq -pn
tail -f /var/log/messages

Configure NTP Client

This file allows to set server NTP to use for initial adjust clock during starting of ntpd:
vi /etc/ntp/step-tickers
10.50.0.254
On the file /etc/ntp.conf, all you need is add server NTP's IP address to use:
vi /etc/ntp.conf
server 10.50.0.254
Checking synchronization status of service NTP.
nptq -pn
tail -f /var/log/messages
It can take long to see message of success. When I was configuring, it took about 1 hour.

Conclusion

This protocol allows to keep operating system's clock synchronized with high accurate, running at information of synchronism got from another NTP servers.

Although the configuration is relatively simple, NTP performances a very important role. The possibility to make sure that clocks from many servers are kept with right time is relevant and it is a important factor to correct of many applications. The correction of local time in operating system allows also ensure that logs recorded in operating system have correct time and that is important when I use logs to diagnostic problems of some services.

Validation Email Address: Server side vs Client side

2013-04-16T12:39:00.000+01:00

The week ago I was programming my web application using PHP5.

There is two ways to validate email:

On server side (using filter_var from PHP5)
On client side (using input type email from HTML5)

PHP5 example

$email = "xpto@email.com";
if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
    echo "This ".$email." email address is considered valid.";
}

HTML5 example

<form action="file.php" method="post">
  E-mail: <input type="email" name="useremail"><br>
  <input type="submit">
</form>

In my opinion it is better validate email on client side instead server side. So don't validate email on server side because it takes a lot work to warn user that has an invalid email address. With client side to validate email, it saves a lot work to warn user that has an invalid email address.

But if you are programming a web application using OOP, it is good idea to validate email from server side because you are not using form to validate email but you are using object, for example:

class User{
  private $name, email;
 
  public function __construct($name,$email){
   $this->name=$name;
   $this->email=validate($email);
  }
  
 private function validate($email){
  $mail = "";
  if (filter_var($email, FILTER_VALIDATE_EMAIL)) {
   $mail = $email;
  }else{
    echo "This $email is not valid!";
   }
  return $mail;
 }
}
$user = new User("Peter","peter@xpto.com");//valid email
$user = new User("Paul","kjfddks");//prints "This kjfddks is not valid!"

Sharing folders without login - Samba

2013-04-16T12:38:00.001+01:00

Samba is an open source software that allows to solve communications problems between Windows and Linux. With Samba, you can share folders, printers for Windows clients and can perform as a Primary Domain Controller (PDC) or as domain member. Samba can also be part of an Active Directory (AD) domain.

As a Systems Administrator, one of first things I wanted to do was share folders on Debian with my Windows to transfer easily files. My Debian is a local Web Server to test my PHP5 applications (yes, I am also PHP5 developer). Why do I want share folders without password? Because it is painful every time I need to login and I am working at home where is no danger around me. No one can crack me at home. At home, it is a great way to share files without login.

su -
insert your root's password
mkdir /home/yourusername/mysharedfolder
chown nobody /home/yourusername/mysharedfolder
apt-get install samba
nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
security = share
guest account = nobody

[mysharedfolder]
writable = yes
path = /path/to/directory
public = yes
guest ok = yes
guest only = yes
guest account = nobody
browsable = yes

Ctrl+X and then y
service samba restart

Optionally, you can use Samba Web Administration Tool (SWAT) to configure the settings of shared folder.

apt-get install swat
Go to your favorite web browser and type the next URL: http://localhost:901
insert your root login
watch the next video how to configure samba

Samba is very useful tool for who want share files between Windows and Linux and SWAT is also very useful for who want configure settings of sharing easily.

I have created another article about Samba before but this one requires a login. If you want to do login, please read this article.

Box Model - CSS Tutorial

2013-04-16T12:38:00.000+01:00

After I want to get better my skills as Web Designer, I decided to study again all concepts of CSS! And there is one thing I consider very important: Box Model.

But what is Box Model and why is it very important?
The Box Model is a box that wraps around HTML elements. It is very important because it allow the design become more organized and clean.

What consists Box Model?
Box Model consits of four things:

Margin - Clears an area around the border. The margin does not have a background color, it is completely transparent;
Border - A border that goes around the padding and content. The border is affected by the background color of the box;
Padding - Clears an area around the content. The padding is affected by the background color of the box
Content - The content of the box, where text and images appear

Design Patterns - Facade Pattern

2013-04-16T12:37:00.000+01:00

Introduction

A design pattern is a specific way of solving a particular problem. They are not simply about reusing code; they are more abstract and generalized than that. They are about using reusing ideas.

The Facade Pattern

The best way to understand the facade pattern is to look at a component diagram of a system before and after using a facade.

The next figure shows the front end of a Web site communicating with an application on the Web server. In the right side of the diagram, the front end code is accessing various objects in the application. On the left, showing the facade, the front end communicates only with the facade object, which in turn delegates responsibilities to the internal objects.

All text and images above is from the book:"Professional PHP5" ISBN: 0-7645-7282-2 (Lecky-Thompson et al., 2005)

Design Patterns - Decorator Pattern

2013-04-01T10:24:00.000+01:00

Introduction

A design pattern is a specific way of solving a particular problem. They are not simply about reusing code; they are more abstract and generalized than that. They are about using reusing ideas.

The Decorator Pattern

The two concrete widgets created for the observer pattern have a different appearance. If you needed to add a new style of widget, you would subclass Widget and implement the draw() method to write the HTML. Say that needed to add a feature to all existing widgets, such as border. You could go into each draw() method and add some more HTML to each, but then the border would be hard-coded and all widgets would be forced to have a border. You could create a new set of subclasses of existing concrete widgets that implemented the border in the draw() method. If you had only two widgets, as in the Observer example, this might be an option - you would end up with four widgets. However, if you had five widgets to start with, it might not seem so appealing. Suddenly you have a lot of widget classes to worry about.

There is another way to handle situations like this, one that doesn't require you to create a new subclass for every widget you want to add a border to. Using the decorator pattern allows you to add features or functionality to existing objects without using inheritance. Next figure shows the class diagram for the decorator pattern.

The class diagram indicates that Decorators are a type of Widget, too. This is good because we don't want to change the way we access a Widget, whether it's decorated or not.

All text and images above is from the book:"Professional PHP5" ISBN: 0-7645-7282-2 (Lecky-Thompson et al., 2005)

Design Patterns - Composite Pattern

2013-03-21T16:37:00.000+00:00

Introduction

A design pattern is a specific way of solving a particular problem. They are not simply about reusing code; they are more abstract and generalized than that. They are about using reusing ideas.

Composite Pattern

The next figure shows the general case for the composite:

The composite pattern has two parts: the Component abstract class and the Composite, which is a concrete implementation of the Component class. All Composite objects descend from the abstract Component class. Any Component can contain other Components. A Component with no children can be thought of as an empty Composite.

Moving back from the general case, it will be necessary to make a change in the design and switch the Instrument interface to an abstract class. Interfaces and abstract classes are similar because neither one can be used directly to instantiate an object. The key difference is that an abstract class can have some fully implemented methods, whereas interfaces just have method declarations.

All text and images above is from the book:"Professional PHP5" ISBN: 0-7645-7282-2 (Lecky-Thompson et al., 2005)

Commands Vi/Vim editor

2013-03-11T12:11:00.000+00:00

As system administrator, I have needed to edit configuration files of some services such as DNS (Domain Name System), LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protcol) and etc.

The editor I was using frequently was nano and rarely I used pico. All those editors were used on Ubuntu. When I decided to fit in CentOS, I noticed that I had to install package nano. But I did not want to! I wanted to vary and then I searched and found editor Vi (also it is equal to Vim, although Vim has more features than Vi). I confess, at first time, it was very confused. I did not know what commands to edit file and much less how to save the changes and exit. So I googled and found some commands useful to edit files.

Hereafter, you will see a list of commands to Vi/Vim editor:

Command	Description
:wq	Save the file and exit
:w	Save the file
:q	Quit and Vi/Vim refuses to exit if any changes was made
:!q	Quit without changes to save
:a	Append after cursor
:i	Insert after cursor
ESC	Exit insert/overwrite mode and go back to command mode

How to create tabs with JavaScript and HTML

2013-02-19T12:04:00.000+00:00

If you want to create tabs on your website, it is good idea and you should do it! But how to create tabs? Good question!

To create tabs you will use HTML elements and some code of JavaScript. Hereafter will show up HTML code.

<!-- tabs -->
<ul class="tabs">
<li><a href="#">Tab One</a></li>
<li><a href="#">Tab Two</a></li>
</ul>

<!-- panes -->
<div class="panes">
<div>Pane One</div>
<div>Pane Two</div>
</div>

Next you need JavaScript code to bind tabs to panes and enable the tabbing effect. Here is JavaScript code you need to.

$(function(){
$("ul.tabs").tabs("div.panes > panes ");
});

After HTML code and JavaScript Code, you can use your imagination to coding CSS. I like this snippet because it is minimal, easy and fast to see results.

Configuring TCP/IP with CentOS

2013-02-05T13:39:00.000+00:00

The configuration of network TCP/IP allows prepare a server Linux to communicate on network IP, trough setting network interfaces, addresses IP and remaining parameters of configuration. On this article, I will analyse how the way can commands to be used on Linux server.

I had a chance to analyse the main files of network configuration used on Linux CentOS and I saw that a lot of those files appears on most Linux distro. Also it is important to have a knowledge of some commands like ifconfig and route. Why is it important? Because those commands will allow you to analyse and solve problems of network configuration in future.

What is your favorite mobile operating system? - Results

2013-01-22T15:59:00.000+00:00

On December 31^st 2012, the poll "What is your favorite mobile operating system?" closed! There was 21 votes to indicate the favorite mobile operating system .

I have to say that I am not surprised for Android's votes but I am very surprised with Windows Phone's votes. Is Windows Phone ahead of Mac iOS? That I was not expected for!!!

How to return a page before current

2013-01-04T11:43:00.000+00:00

To create a link "Back" that allow come back to previous page before current, I use a variable called $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']. Hereafter, you will see a example:

...
<body>
  ...
  <a href="<?php echo $_SERVER['HTTP_REFERER']?>">Back</a>
  ...
</body>
...

Be careful when you refresh the page!

Happy New Year

2012-12-31T11:01:00.000+00:00

Merry Christmas

2012-12-24T11:00:00.000+00:00

How to check Ubuntu version using command line

2012-11-07T11:43:00.000+00:00

I wanted to see what was my Ubuntu version using command line. After I found this website, I could to see my Ubuntu version.

To check your Ubuntu version using command line:

Open terminal (CTRL+ALT+T)
Type lsb_release -a and press Enter
The Ubuntu version will displayed on the screen

At the time, my Ubuntu version is Ubuntu 11.10 (oneiric).

Sunset Software OS

2012-11-05T15:25:00.000+00:00

After of making videos related with Linux, I decided that it is time to create a distro Linux which contains some software used on videos. I found a amazing site that allows to create own distro Linux.

I will not make tutorial how to create own distro!

The distro Linux created with help from SUSE Studio calls Sunset Software OS. This OS is destined for developer software, web developer software and systems administator. You can download a image ISO right here! Language and Keyboard Layout will be ask at first boot.

root (password: linux)
user (password: peter)

Enjoy!

Happy Halloween

2012-10-31T10:58:00.000+00:00

How to change timezone on Apache Webserver

2012-10-17T12:12:00.000+01:00

My Apache Webserver had not timezone correct. If I wanted timezone correct, I had to do some configuration on Apache Webserver. But how to do this?

To change timezone on my Apache Webserver, I followed the next steps:

Type sudo nano /etc/php5/apache2/php.ini;
Search for "date.timezone" and modify to "date.timezone="Europe/London" or to your timezone;
Save the file and exit using CTRL+X;
Type sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

To see what is your timezone, check this website

At the moment, my operating system was Ubuntu 11.10 and Apache Webserver was 2.2.20!

MySQL Tutorial - How to calculate time correctly

2012-09-25T14:12:00.000+01:00

A database server has a database called "Cinema" which has a table called "Movies". This table has next fields:

ID
Name
Duration

Hereafter, you can see table 'movies':

movies_id	movies_name	movies_duration
1	Movie I	02:23:34
2	Movie II	01:44:56
3	Movie III	02:56:34

To calculate duration of all movies, we could write:

SELECT sum(movies_duration) FROM movies;

But it is wrong!

Result:

sum(movies_duration)
62424

To fix this problem, it is necessary convert time to seconds with next SQL statement:

SELECT time_to_sec(movies_duration) FROM movies;

Result:

time_to_sec(movies_duration)
8614
6296
10594

And next, use function SUM() to calculate duration of all movies

SELECT sum(time_to_sec(movies_duration)) FROM movies;

Result:

sum(time_to_sec(movies_duration))
25504

Finally, convert the sum (in seconds) to time using the next statement:

SELECT sec_to_time(sum(time_to_sec(movies_duration))) FROM movies;

Result:

sec_to_time(sum(time_to_sec(movies_duration)))
07:05:04

Thus you can calculate time correctly using three MySQL functions:

TIME_TO_SEC(...)
SUM(...)
SEC_TO_TIME(...)

JavaScript Tutorial - How to print a Web Page

2012-09-01T15:40:00.000+01:00

I was working on my project called "Project Manager". And I was needing to create a link to print a web page. After I was researching on Web, I found a small code written in JavaScript.

<a href="javascript.window.print()">Print</a>

Clicking on link, it will show up a box dialog of printer.

Oracle PL/SQL

2012-08-21T12:10:00.000+01:00

For professional reasons, I was forced to study Oracle PL / SQL.

PL/SQL is an imperative 3GL that was specifically designed for the seamless processing of SQL commands. It provides specific syntax for this purpose and supports exactly the same datatypes as SQL. Server-side PL/SQL is compiled and stored in Oracle Database and Oracle runs within the executable. It automatically inherits the robustness, security, and portability of Oracle Database.

To study Oracle PL / SQL, I found a great website and I highly recommend.

How to install Samba

2012-08-08T19:45:00.000+01:00

Since 1992, Samba is an open-source software that your main goal is to remove the barriers of interoperability between different operating systems.

I need Samba to move files from Windows to Ubuntu and vice-versa for work's issues. Hereafter, you can see the steps how to install Samba:

sudo apt-get install samba samba-tools
sudo smbpasswd -a yourusername
- Type your password
- Retype your password
mkdir /srv/samba/share
sudo nano /etc/samba/smb.conf
Press Ctrl+W
- Search for: #security=user
- remove '#' (from "#security=user" to "security=user")
On bottom of file write the next statements:

[share]
path = /srv/samba/share
comment = some random files
available = yes
valid users = yourusername
read only = no

sudo restart smbd
testparm /etc/samba/smb.conf

Note: After you typed the last command and got errors message, you have to fix it. But I am 100% sure, it will not show up a error message unless you mistyped some statements.