Tactful Facts

10 Real Life Examples of Parallel Lines

2021-07-19T08:32:00.050+05:30

Two or more lines lying in the same plane that tend to meet each other at infinity are known as parallel lines. In other words, two or more lines are said to be parallel lines if they do not intersect with each other or do not meet each other at any point.

Examples of Parallel Lines

1. Railway Tracks

If you are looking for a real-life application of parallel lines, you must closely observe the railway tracks. The iron bars that make up the tracks are laid parallel to each other. In a similar manner, the sleepers are also placed parallel to each other.

2. Edges of a Ruler

A ruler is used to draw straight lines and other figures. If a line is traced along one side of the ruler and another line is drawn using the opposite side, the resultant lines will be parallel to each other. Hence, both the opposite sides of the ruler are parallel to each other.

3. Cricket Stumps

One of the prominent examples of parallel lines is the cricket stumps. All the three stumps of a wicket, namely the off stump, middle stump, and leg stump are placed at equal distances and are parallel to each other.

4. Racing Tracks

Racing tracks that are properly marked with broad white stripes of paint or powder constitute one of the best examples of parallel lines in real life. These white stripes are clearly parallel to each other.

5. Markings on Road

Road markings are necessary to enhance safety and security while driving. These markings include road shoulder line, centre line marking, kerb marking, traffic lane marking, etc. One can easily observe the existence of parallel lines in real life by looking at such markings on the road.

6. Lines on Ruled Paper

The lines printed on a ruled paper are equidistant from each other. These lines tend to meet each other at infinity. Hence, the lines of a ruled paper are a prominent example of parallel lines in everyday life.

7. Zebra Crossing

A pedestrian crossing or a zebra crossing is a portion of the road that is painted with white stripes. If you look closely these white stripes are parallel to each other.

8. Steps of Ladder

The steps of a ladder are equidistant from each other at every instant. Also, the slope of all the steps is the same. Hence, they are parallel to each other.

9. Railing Bars

Most of the railings or fences consist of straight-line equidistant metallic or wooden bars that are placed parallel to each other.

10. Keys of a Piano

If you look at the orderly arranged keys of a piano, all of them are parallel to each other. Hence, the keys of a piano are a classic example of parallel lines.

10 Real Life Examples of Cone

2021-07-18T05:00:00.034+05:30

A cone is a three-dimensional geometric shape that narrows from a flat circular base to a single point called apex or vertex. In other words, a cone can be formed by joining an infinite number of slanting lines to the circumference of a circle from a single point called the vertex. The distance from the vertex of a cone to the centre point of the base is known as the height of the cone. The length of the cone from the vertex to the boundary of the circular base is known as the slanting height.

Examples of Cone in Real Life

1. Ice Cream Cone

An ice cream cone is one of the best examples of the conical objects present around us. One can easily visualise an infinite number of slanting lines joining the vertex or the base of the cone and the circumference of a circle or the top of the cone.

2. Party Hat

A party hat also known as a birthday cap is yet another example of the conical objects used in everyday life. Similarly, the witch hat is also conical in shape.

3. Christmas Tree

Christmas trees are a classic example of conical structures available in nature. Similarly, one can also visualise cone geometric shape by looking at other trees such as deodar, sugar pine, red spruce, etc.

4. Volcano

Volcanos are one of the prime examples of cone-shaped objects existing in nature. The lava escapes out from the apex or the vertex of a volcano.

5. Top of a Rocket

The top of a Rocket or an airplane is designed in the shape of a cone. The conical shape of the top helps the vehicle to reject or minimize the air resistance and take-off smoothly.

6. Sharpened End of a Pencil

If you look at the tip of a properly sharpened pencil, you can easily visualise the conical geometric shape because it consists of a single vertex and a circular base.

7. Funnel

Funnels are yet another example of the common cone-shaped objects used in everyday life. The apex of the conical funnel is often attached to a cylindrical pipe that directs the flow of liquid and resists it from spilling.

8. Top of a Temple

The top of a temple also known as the ‘shikara’ or ‘shikhara’ is usually shaped like a cone. Hence, it forms a perfect example of conical objects present around us.

9. Loud Speaker

A loudspeaker is used to convert the electrical signal into sound signal. The front side of a loudspeaker is usually attached with a conical plastic cup. The conical shape of the cup helps the consumer to direct sound energy in a particular direction. Hence, a loudspeaker or a megaphone is a suitable example of cone-shaped objects used in everyday life.

10. Traffic Cone

Traffic cones are also known as pylons or road cones. They are usually orange in colour and are painted with broad white stripes. The purpose of a traffic cone placed on the road is to redirect the traffic to ensure safety and avoid any mishap.

15 Real Life Examples of Cylider shape

2021-07-17T05:00:00.064+05:30

A cylinder is a three-dimensional solid that consists of two parallel circular bases connected to each other with the help of a curved surface. The line passing from the centre or joining the centres of two circular bases of a cylinder is called the axis. The distance between the circular bases of the cylinder is the perpendicular distance and is represented as height. The distance between the centre of the base of a cylinder and the outer boundary of the cylinder is the radius of the cylinder

Examples of a Cylinder

1. Gas Cylinder

Gas cylinders are a perfect example of cylindrical objects present around us. The curved surface joining the two parallel circular bases can be observed easily.

2. Cell

A cell or an electrochemical cell functions as a dc power source and is used to supply electrical power to the gadgets. Generally, these cells are manufactured in the shape of cylinders. Hence, the cells that power your TV remote, trimmer, AC remote, and other daily use objects, are a classic example of cylindrical objects used in everyday life.

3. Pencil

An unsharpened pencil is yet another example of a cylinder because it consists of two circular and parallel bases, namely the top and the base of the pencil, and the curved wooden part.

4. Dustbin

Dust bins are mostly cylindrical in shape that consist of a hollow top and a rigid base.

5. Bucket

A bucket is a common object used in everyday life that is shaped like a cylinder.

6. Coffee Cup

Coffee cups, drinking glasses, tumblers etc. are mostly cylindrical in shape. Hence, the examples of cylindrical objects in real life can be easily observed by looking inside the utensil cabinet of your kitchen.

7. Log of a Wood

A log of wood is generally cut in a cylindrical shape. Also, one can easily visualise the cylinder shape by looking at the trunk of the tree.

8. Toilet Paper Roll

Toilet paper rolls are cylindrical in shape.

9. Deodorant or Perfume Bottle

Perfume or deodorant bottles are generally cylindrical in shape; however, there are certain other designer shapes in which the colognes are packed by the manufacturer.

10. Well

Wells also consist of curved walls, a rigid base and a hollow top. Hence, a well is a prominent example of cylindrical objects present around us.

11. Candle

Candles come in a variety of shapes, sizes, and colours. One of the most popular geometric shapes opted by candle makers is the cylinder. Some of the jar candles are also cylindrical in shape.

12. Chimney

The chimneys installed near industries or factories are comparatively longer than the domestic chimneys. This is because the height enables the toxic gases to be released into the upper atmosphere. You can easily observe that the industrial chimneys are mostly cylindrical in shape.

13. Drum

Snare drum, kettledrum, tabla, slit drum, bass drum, etc. are some of the drums that are shaped like a cylinder.

14. Cake

A cake seems circular while looking at it from the top but, it is definitely an example of the cylindrical shape. This is because there exists a curved surface area that connects the base and the top layer of the cake.

15. Test Tube

Test tubes consist of a hollow circular top and a curved base connected together with the help of a curved surface area. Hence, it is yet another example of cylindrical shaped objects used in daily life.

What is meaning of BHK in a House? Different types of House.

2021-07-16T04:00:00.001+05:30

Everyone in this world loves to live in a beautiful house. Houses can be of variety of sizes, according to need. Houses can also be vary according to place. In this post we gonna see some different types of house.

Hut

A Hut is a dwelling of relatively simple construction, usually one room and one story in height. The design and materials of huts vary widely around the world.

Bungalow

Bungalow is a common term applied to a low one-story house with a shallow-pitched roof (in some locations, dormered varieties are referred to as 1.5-story, such as the chalet bungalow in the United Kingdom).

Cottage

A Cottage is a small house, usually one story in height, although the term is sometimes applied to larger structures.

Ranch

A Ranch-style house or Rambler is one-story, low to the ground, with a low-pitched roof, usually rectangular, L- or U-shaped with deep overhanging eaves.

I-house

An I-house is a two-story house that is one room deep with a double-pen, hall-parlor, central-hall or saddlebag layout.

Gablefront

A Gablefront house or Gablefront cottage has a gable roof that faces its street or avenue, as in the novel The House of Seven Gables.

Split-level

Split-level house is a design of house that was commonly built during the 1950s and 1960s. It has two nearly equal sections that are located on two different levels, with a short stairway in the corridor connecting them.

Tower

A Tower house is a compact two or more story house, often fortified.

Housebarn

A Housebarn is a combined house and barn.

What does a BHK stands for?

BHK stands for bedroom, hall and kitchen. It is used to convey the number of rooms in a property. For example, a 2BHK means that the particular property has two bedrooms, one hall and a kitchen. A 3BHK unit means there are three bedrooms, a hall and a single kitchen in the property. Even if there are two bathrooms/toilets, sellers may or may not advertise it that way but will definitely mention the number of bedrooms

In short,

1BHK is 1 bedroom, hall, kitchen

2BHK is 2 bedrooms, hall, kitchen

3BHK is 3 bedrooms, hall, kitchen

4BHK is 4 bedrooms, hall, kitchen

What are the Five States of Matter?

2021-07-14T04:00:00.000+05:30

The matter is any substance that has mass and takes up space by having volume. All everyday objects that can be touched are ultimately composed of atoms, which are made up of interacting subatomic particles, and in every day as well as scientific usage, "matter" generally includes atoms and anything made up of them, and any particles (or combination of particles) that act as if they have both rest mass and volume.

The matter should not be confused with mass, as the two are not the same in modern physics. The matter is a general term describing any 'physical substance'. By contrast, mass is not a substance but rather a quantitative property of matter and other substances or systems; various types of mass are defined within physics – including but not limited to rest mass, inertial mass, relativistic mass, mass-energy.

A definition of "matter" based on its physical and chemical structure is: matter is made up of atoms.

A definition of "matter" more fine-scale than the atoms and molecules definition is: matter is made up of what atoms and molecules are made of, meaning anything made of positively charged protons, neutral neutrons, and negatively charged electrons.

In bulk, matter can exist in several different forms, or states of aggregation, known as phases, depending on ambient pressure, temperature, and volume. A phase is a form of matter that has a relatively uniform chemical composition and physical properties (such as density, specific heat, refractive index, and so forth).

Phases are sometimes called states of matter, but this term can lead to confusion with thermodynamic states. For example, two gases maintained at different pressures are in different thermodynamic states (different pressures), but in the same phase (both are gases).

States (Phases) of Matter

Solid

In solids, particles are tightly or closely packed.
The gaps between the particles are tiny and hence it is tough to compress them.
Solid has a fixed shape and volume.
Due to its rigid nature, particles in a solid can only vibrate about their mean position and cannot move.
The Force of attraction between particles is adamant.
The rate of diffusion in solids is very low.
Example: solid ice, sugar, rock, wood, etc.

Liquid

In a liquid state of matter, particles are less tightly packed as compared to solids.
Liquids take the shape of the container in which they are kept.
Liquids are difficult to compress as particles have less space between them to move.
Liquids have fixed volume but no fixed shape.
The rate of diffusion in liquids is higher than that of solids.
The Force of attraction between the particles is weaker than solids.
Examples: water, milk, blood, coffee, etc.

Gas

In gases, particles are far apart from each other.
The Force of attraction between the particles is negligible, and they can move freely.
Gases have neither a fixed volume nor a fixed shape.
The gaseous state has the highest compressibility as compared to solids and liquids.
The rate is diffusion is higher than solids and liquids.
The kinetic energy of particles is higher than in solids and liquids.
Examples: air, helium, nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, etc.

Plasma

Plasma is a not so generally seen form of matter. Plasma consists of particles with extremely high kinetic energy. Electricity is used to ionize noble gases and make glowing signs, which is essentially plasma.
Superheated forms of plasma are what stars are.

Bose-Einstein Condensates

Discovered in 1995, Bose-Einstein condensates were made with the help of advancements in technology.
Carl Weiman and Eric Cornell cooled a sample of rubidium with the help of magnets and lasers to within a few degrees of absolute zero.
At the said temperature, the motion of the molecules becomes negligible. As this brings down the kinetic energy, the atoms no longer stay separate, but they begin to clump together. As the atoms join together they form a super-atom.
Light slows down as it passes through a BEC helping scientists to study more about the nature of light as a wave and particle.
BEC’s also show properties of a superfluid which implies, it flows without friction.

Top 10 Facts about The Great Wall of China

2021-07-13T04:30:00.007+05:30

The Great Wall of China is an ancient series of walls and fortifications, totaling more than 13,000 miles in length, located in northern China. Perhaps the most recognizable symbol of China and its long and vivid history, the Great Wall was originally conceived by Emperor Qin Shi Huang in the third century B.C. as a means of preventing incursions from barbarian nomads. The best-known and best-preserved section of the Great Wall was built in the 14th through 17th centuries A.D., during the Ming dynasty. Though the Great Wall never effectively prevented invaders from entering China, it came to function as a powerful symbol of Chinese civilization’s enduring strength.

Let's Explore some interesting facts about the Great Wall of China

1. The Great Wall of China became a UNESCO World Heritage Site in December 1987.

2. The wall is the longest man-made structure in the world, with a total length of about 13170.7 mi or 21196.18 km.

3. Over one million people died building the Great Wall of China. Archaeologists have found human remains and as a result, it has been described as the longest cemetery on Earth. Many involved in the construction were Chinese convicts where labor was used as punishment.

4. Sticky rice flour was used to help fix the bricks in place when building the wall. This bound the bricks together so tightly that weeds cannot grow in many parts.

5. Many believe that the Great Wall can be seen from the moon using the naked eye, however, this is untrue. Aid is required and even still the wall is barely visible due to how narrow it is.

6. The wall is actually not a continuous line. It has spurs going in different directions and breaks where mountains or lakes offer protection.

7. During the Cultural Revolution in China (1966-1976) bricks from the wall were used to build homes, farms, reservoirs, and other buildings.

8. The most visited section is known as Badaling and is near Beijing. This portion had almost 63,000,000 visitors one year and can reach a visitor flow of 70,000 people per day during peak season.

9. Apart from minor restoration, no work has been done on the wall since 1644.

10. The most well-known and popular legend of The Great Wall of China is the story of “Men Jiangnu’s Bitter Weeping,” which tells of a woman whose husband was killed building the wall. Her tears were so bitter that the section of the wall collapsed to reveal her husband’s bones so she could bury him.

I hope you enjoyed knowing these awesome facts about The Great Wall of China.

Top 10 Facts about Chichén Itzá (El Castillo)

2021-07-12T04:00:00.000+05:30

Chichén Itzá, a ruined ancient Maya city occupying an area of 4 square miles (10 square km) in south-central Yucatán state, Mexico. It is thought to have been a religious, military, political, and commercial center that at its peak would have been home to 35,000 people.

Chichen Itza is not just any ancient Mayan pyramid in the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. It is a world wonder. It is massive. And it is also one of the most visited archaeological sites in the entire world.

Let's see some facts about Chichén Itzá

1. The term Chichen Itza means ‘the mouth at the well of Itza’. It is believed Itza means ‘water magicians’, deriving from the Mayan Itz for ‘magic’ and á for ‘water’.

2. El Castillo (the Temple of Kukulkan) is the famous pyramid that dominates the site of Chichen Itza and it actually sits on another much older temple.

3. Chichen Itza is classified as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World and in 1988 was enlisted as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

4. The design and layout of Chichen Itza were clearly well planned and builders constructed temples and pyramids in sets of clusters.

5. The four most well-known clusters are the Great North Platform, the Ossario Group, the Central Group, and the Old Chichen, which is not open to the public. The Great North Platform is home to the most visited sites of Chichen Itza, including the Kukulkan Pyramid, the Great Ball Court, and the Temple of the Jaguars.

6. Believed by archaeologists to have been a powerful economic city around 600 AD, the fall of Chichen Itza is thought to have been approximately 1000 AD.

7. Located on the north side of the Kukulkan Pyramid is a platform dedicated to the planet Venus. The Mayans were devoted astronomers and the movements of Venus held special meaning to them, with it influencing the architecture of the ancient Mayan city Uxmal.

8. Many of the sites in Chichen Itza are known for their unusual sounds. If you clap once from one end of the Ball Court, it produces nine echoes in the middle of the court. Additionally, a clap in front of the Kukulkan Pyramid creates an echo resembling the serpent’s chirp.

9. During the Spring (20th of March) and Autumn Equinox (22nd September), sun rays create a shadow across the Kukulkan Pyramid that gives the appearance of a serpent slithering down the staircase.

10. Although the Kukulkan Pyramid is the most famous and most visited, there are numerous others in Chichen Itza. The Osario is very similar but smaller in size and at the center is an opening to a natural cave.

10 Daily Life Uses of Archimedes Principle (Physics)

2021-07-11T10:01:00.003+05:30

Archimedes Principle is named after its discoverer, the Greek mathematician, and physicist ‘Archimedes.’ It is based on the principle of buoyancy, which states that if a body is partially or fully submerged in the fluids (gases or liquids), then the fluid exerts an upward force called the buoyant force on the body whose magnitude is equal to the fluid weight displaced by the body. The Buoyant force acts at the center of gravity point of the displaced fluid, this point is known as the center of Buoyancy.

The Buoyant force exerted on the body by the fluid is mathematically expressed as,

F = ρgV

Where F is the Buoyant force acting on the body, ρ is the density of the fluid, g is the acceleration due to gravity, V is the volume of the displaced fluid.

The above expression shows that the buoyant force is directly proportional to the density of the fluid, acceleration due to gravity, and the volume of the fluid displaced by the body. If two objects of equal masses are submerged in the fluid, then the object having greater volume will experience a greater buoyant force.

Applications of Archimedes' Principle

1. Ships

Have you ever wondered that why an iron nail sinks in the water but large ships do not? Well, the reason behind that is Archimedes’ principle. The iron nail sinks in the water because the weight of the water displaced by the nail is less than its own weight, i.e., the density of the iron nail is more than that of the water. While constructing ships, Archimedes’ principle is followed, a large portion of the ships are kept hollow from inside that maintains their density less than the water density, hence the weight of the ship becomes less than the weight of the water displaced by it, and the buoyant force of magnitude equal to the displaced water exerts on the ship, and the ship floats on the surface of the water.

2. Beach Balls

Beach balls are filled with air only, so they have a very small weight, hence they do not displace much water. Since they displace less water, the buoyant force acting on them is also very less, but when we try to push the ball into the water, the buoyant force acting on it increases, which does not let the beach ball sink into the water, and it floats on the water surface.

3. Submarines

Submarines also work on Archimedes’ principle. Submarines can be submerged into the water and can also float on the surface of the water by maintaining the densities of the displaced water and submarine. These densities are maintained by the two important components present in the submarine that are the compressed tank and the ballast tank. If we fill the ballast tank with water, it results in a greater density of the submarine than the density of displaced water, hence the submarine dives into the water, whereas if this water is expelled out from the ballast tank with the help of the compressed tank, then the average density of the submarine becomes lesser than the density of the displaced water, and the submarine floats on the water surface.

4. Floating

Every object displaces the water of weight equal to its own weight. If the weight of the body is greater than the upthrust force acting upon it then the object sinks, whereas if the weight of the body is equal to the upthrust force acting upon it then the body floats on the liquid. Ice and icebergs float on the surface of the water because of the balanced upward buoyant force acting on them. So, the principle of floating is that the upthrust force acting on the body should be equal to the weight of the liquid displaced by the body.

5. Hydrometer

A Hydrometer is an instrument that is used to measure the specific gravity or density of the liquids. It works on Archimedes’ principle. It consists of a hollow glass tube with a bulb-shaped wider bottom, sealed from both ends. The wider bottom works as ballast tank, and it is usually filled with the lead, and the liquid whose density is being measured is poured in the narrow tube that has the graduations for the measurement. The hydrometer is placed in the sample liquid, and when it gets stabilized, readings are noted down. The level of hydrometer submerged in the liquid and the water displaced by it are measured to calculate the specific gravity of the liquid. If the hydrometer sinks deep in the sample liquid, it implies that the density of the liquid is less, i.e., the specific gravity of the sample liquid is less.

6. Swimming

Archimedes’ principle also comes into play when you are swimming. While we swim, the upward force, also called the buoyant force, acts on us. The swimmer is able to float on the surface of the water as the pressure above the swimmer is greater than the pressure from beneath as the density of the water is greater than that of the air. It is commonly seen that it is easier to swim in saltwater than freshwater because the buoyant force not only depends on the water displaced but also on the density of the fluid. The density of fresh water is less than that of saltwater. As saltwater has a higher density than freshwater, the buoyant force acting on the body in saltwater will also be higher as compared to freshwater, which is why it is easier for the swimmers to swim in the saltwater.

7. Hot Air Balloon

Archimedes’ principle is also applied to the working of hot air balloons. The balloon rises in the air when the weight of the air surrounding the balloon is greater than its own weight, whereas if the weight of the balloon is greater, it will start descending. When the weight of the surrounding air and hot air balloon is equal, it becomes stationary. The density between the air and the balloon is controlled by varying the amount of hot air in the balloon.

8. Lactometer

Lactometer is an instrument that is used to check the purity of the milk. Like hydrometer, it also works according to Archimedes’ principle. Lactometers measure the specific gravity or density of the milk, which helps in finding the contents present in milk and determine its purity. Milk is kept undisturbed for a while until the cream deposits on it, and then the lactometer is placed in this milk sample, if the lactometer floats it means that milk is pure, but if the lactometer sinks, it means milk is adulterated or impure.

9. Geology

Archimedes’ principle finds its applications in geology too. The density of the solids can be measured using this principle. To measure the density of the substance, it is suspended to the spring balance, and when it is immersed in a liquid whose density is known to us, the apparent loss in the mass of the sample substance is noted down, and by using the Archimedes’ principle, the density of the substance is then calculated.

10. Fish

Archimedes’ principle also comes into play to make a fish float in the water. Most of the fishes have a swim bladder, which helps them control the buoyant force acting on them. Fishes filled their swim bladder with air to rise to the water surface as it increases their volume, and more water is replaced by them, hence buoyant force exerted on them also increases. To dive into the water, fishes release the air from the swimbladder, hence their volume decreases, and buoyant force acting upon them also reduces.

Top 10 Facts about the Petra

2021-07-11T04:00:00.002+05:30

Petra, one of the New 7 Wonders of the World is a representation of Jordan and therefore, Jordan’s most visited tourist attraction. Known as the Rose City due to the color of the stone or the Lost City as the site remained unknown to the Western world until 1812, Petra is a place you need to see, to believe, that it is in fact real-life. UNESCO even described the historical and archaeological city as “one of the most precious cultural properties of man’s cultural heritage”.

Here are some interesting facts to know about Petra

1. It's UNESCO World Heritage Site

Petra is a protected UNESCO World Heritage site that has “outstanding universal value” due to its functionality, preservation, and architecture. Its location in the desert means that the original inhabitants needed to creatively devise ways to get water and other resources to the city.

2. The Famous Treasury Is Actually A Graveyard

Despite what you’ve seen on the silver screen, Petra’s Treasury is not a looming maze of booby-trapped rooms designed to separate the righteous from the unworthy, but a relatively small area that is most likely a beautifully decorated graveyard.

Any buried treasure was likely removed long ago, but the Treasury facade itself is a gem, lovingly carved by the Nabataeans centuries ago.

3. Exploration Of Petra

Approximately only 15% of Petra has been explored by archaeologists, which therefore means that there is still plenty to be revealed.

4. The Royal Tombs

Petra is home to roughly 800 tombs, therefore known as the “Royal Tombs”, with the most renowned being The Treasury. The Treasury was originally built as a mausoleum and crypt, and is estimated to be over 2,000 years old.

5. Water System

It wouldn’t have been possible for Petra to exist if it had not been for the water channel system that was constructed to offer storage and supply for its people. As a result, there was apparently enough water to support the 30,000 citizens that are believed to have occupied Petra.

6. Films

The Mummy Returns, Indiana Jones, and the Last Crusade are the most noteworthy movies that were filmed at Petra. Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade amplified awareness of Petra and therefore an increase of tourism to the site occurred.

7. Who Inhabited Petra

The area of Petra was inhabited in 3 different periods; the Edomites from 18th – 2nd century BC, the Nabateans from 2nd century – 106 BC, and the Romans from 106 – 395 BC. The remains left is mainly from the Nabateans period. The Nabateans were extremely skilled water engineers, traders, builders, and carvers.

8. It Was Destroyed By A Massive Earthquake

In A.D. 363, Petra was struck by a gigantic earthquake that leveled most of the city and ended its reign as a thriving and wealthy trading center. After the disaster, many residents of Petra left the area, and the city was lost to the ages.

9. It Honors the Sun

Like many peoples of the time, the Nabataeans worshiped the sun as a source of light and life, and Petra’s design reflects that reverence. Many of the city’s most sacred spaces are constructed to align with solar patterns, including solstices.

10. It’s One Of The New 7 Wonders Of The World

Petra is classified as one of the New Seven Wonders of the World, along with the spectacular Incan city of Machu Picchu, India’s Taj Mahal, the Roman Colosseum, Mexico’s Chichén Itzá, the Great Wall of China, and Brazil’s Christ the Redeemer statue.

Top 10 Most Popular Exams of India you must know about it

2021-07-11T01:07:00.004+05:30

1. Union Public Service Commission (UPSC)

Union Public Service Commission (UPSC) Civil Service exam is a very hard exam that is conducted for getting a job as IAS (Indian Administrative Service), IFS (Indian Police Service), and IFS (Indian Forest Service). For clearing, this exam students should have knowledge regarding everything. This is one of the most popular exams which is conducted by the Indian government for the Indian youth by which they can achieve their dreams and can make them successful. UPSC exam gets conducted for All India services central and state services.

Firstly candidates have to clear Civil Service Aptitude Test (SCAT) after clearing SCAT now candidates have to clear main exam after these both exam now candidate have to face PI (Personal Interview) this is a face to face round. More than 9 lakh candidates give the exam and the success rate of this exam is only 0.1-0.3%.

It is one of the toughest exams because it includes a diverse syllabus and follows a strict procedure for selection.

2. IIT-JEE (Joint Entrance Examination)

Indian Institute of Technology Joint Entrance Exam those who want to get admission for engineering have to clear this exam although it is very hard to clear along with this exam is held in two parts. JEE-Main and JEE-Advance. The success rate of this exam is very low only 1 student get clarify from 45. Approx 17-20 engineering college go through students JEE exam performance to select students.

It is known to be tough because of high competition and due to the difficulty level of paper.

3. GATE Exam

Students who want to take admission in IIT OR IISc (Indian Institute of Science) have to clear the Graduate Aptitude Test in Engineering (GATE). GATE marks are applicable for 3 years from the result date. GATE is an online national level postgraduate entrance exam. In this paper, all the syllabus of undergraduate in engineering is included that makes it difficult for candidates to clear the exam.

4. CAT: Common Entrance Test

Common entrance test (CAT) is an entrance exam for those students who want to get admission in management and business, MBAs. CAT exam is conducted by Indian Institutes of Management (IIMs).

5. NDA: National Defence Academy

National Defence Academy is an entrance exam for Indian Army, Indian Air Force, and Indian Navy. After clearing written exam students have to face interview.

6. AIIMS: All India Institute Of Medical Science

All India Institute of Medical Science (AIIMS) is an entrance exam for the students who want to make their career in medical flied. This is a national level entrance exam. Candidate must be of 17 years to give this entrance exam and must be of 12 pass with minimum 60% marks and for SC/ST/OBC candidates 50% marks in 12 class. This exam is conducted online and duration of this exam 3 hours and 30 minutes.Aiimsexams.org official website to register for AIIMS MBBS. Students who passed this exam get admission in the AIIMS Institutes which is a dream of any student who does hard work to achieve their goals.

7. NEET: National Eligibility Cum Entrance Test

National Eligibility cum Entrance Test this entrance exam is for those students who want to get admission in UG/ PG medical or dental course. This exam is also very tough to clear. For giving NEET exam student must be 12 pass with 50% marks for general and for SC/ST/OBC 40% marks in 12 is compulsory. IN 12 students should have these subjects Biology, Chemistry, Physics and English. The age limit to apply for NEET exam is 17-25 years and for PWD age limit is 30 years.

Students who crack this entrance exam with good marks get admission in top colleges of India. It is considered one of the toughest exam of India which need more hard work. Students who are goal conscious that they want to be a doctor are eligible to sit in this exam.

8. UCG-NET: University Grants Commission-National Eligibility Test

University Grants Commission-National Eligibility Test is also known as NET is an entrance exam for those who want to become lecturer. NET is conducted by Council of Scientific and Industrial Research. To apply for NET candidates must have PG degree or the candidate who is in final year of PG can also apply for this exam, in PG candidate must have 55% marks and reservation candidate must have 50% marks in PG. Minimum age limit to apply for NET is 28 years for general and for reservation category 5 years relaxation is given there is no maximum age limit to apply for NET.

9. CLAT: Common Law Admission Test

Common law admission test is conduct for those who want to take admission in LLB and LLM. After clearing CLAT exam students can take admission for:

BA LLB (Hons)
BSc LLB (Hons)
BSW LLB (Hons)
B.Com LLB (Hons)
L.L.M

10. National Institute of Design (NID) Exam

NID (National Institute of Design) is an entrance exam for those students who want to take admission in design courses. For B.Des or GDPD course at NID to apply for these students must be of 12 pass in any stream. For M.Des course students must have bachelor degree but should not be above 30 years.

Uses of Chemistry in daily life (10 Examples)

2021-07-11T00:40:00.003+05:30

Chemistry involves the study of how different substances change colours, shape, size and their forms when reacted with another material or a set of substances. Furthermore, the application of various Branches of Chemistry across different fields has led to many discoveries and high-end innovations which has helped mankind in one or the other way.

Uses of Chemistry in Daily Life

1. Discoloration of Leaves

Chemistry is evidently a significant part of both flora and fauna. Photosynthesis is one of the initial concepts we caught hold of about plant life. It is nothing but a chemical process through which some plants make their own food. The reason why leaves look green is because of the presence of a pigment called Chlorophyll and when its amount decreases, the leaves look pale yellow.

2. Elements in Human Body

Your body is made up of chemical compounds, which are combinations of elements. While you probably know your body is mostly water, which is hydrogen and oxygen.

3. Why Onions Make You Cry

They sit there so harmless-looking on the kitchen counter. Yet as soon as you cut an onion, the tears begin to fall. What is it in onions that makes them burn your eyes? Everyday chemistry is the culprit.

4. Why Ice Floats

Can you imagine how different the world around you would be if ice sank? For one thing, lakes would freeze from the bottom. Chemistry holds the explanation for why ice floats while most other substances sink when they freeze.

5. Common Salt

For cooking any type of cuisine, salt is an essential ingredient. We can barely think of a dish without it when it comes to cooking Indian food. Scientifically known as Sodium Chloride (NaCl), it not only helps in adding flavour to the food but also acts as an excellent preservative and thus is the perfect example to determine the use of chemistry in our lives.

6. How Soap Cleans

Soap is a chemical that mankind has been making for a very long time. You can form a crude soap by mixing ashes and animal fat. How can something so nasty actually make you cleaner? The answer has to do with the way soap interacts with oil-based grease and grime.

7. Why Baking Powder and Baking Soda Make Food Rise

You can't interchange these two important cooking ingredients, even though they both cause baked goods to rise. Chemistry can help you understand what makes them different and what to do if you run out of one but have the other in your cabinet.

8. Medicines

Why is there a specific medicine for every disease? This is because, in every disease, a different biological or chemical reaction takes place. , that is why different chemicals are needed to help patients get cured.

9. Food Preservatives

Do you ever wonder how the home-cooked food never lasts a day & ketchup bottles, jams last almost a year? Next time, try checking the label of any of the products in the supermarket. These products contain a chemical that helps in preservation & help in restraining virus, bacteria, fungi, etc. Most of the chemicals used as food preservatives are sodium benzoate, sorbic acid, potassium sorbate, etc.

10. Can Bottled Water Go Bad?

Food goes bad because of chemical reactions that occur between food molecules. Fats can become rancid. Bacteria can grow that might make you sick. What about products that don't contain fat? Can bottled water go bad? Yes!

Top 10 Facts about Machu Picchu (Peru)

2021-07-10T04:00:00.003+05:30

Machu Picchu is a 15th-century Inca citadel, located in the Eastern Cordillera of southern Peru, on a 2,430-meter (7,970 ft) mountain ridge.

It is located in the Machupicchu District within Urubamba Province above the Sacred Valley, which is 80 kilometers (50 miles) northwest of Cuzco. The Urubamba River flows past it, cutting through the Cordillera and creating a canyon with a tropical mountain climate.

More than 7,000 feet above sea level in the Andes Mountains, Machu Picchu is the most visited tourist destination in Peru. A symbol of the Incan Empire and built around 1450AD, Machu Picchu was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1983 and was named one of the New Seven Wonders of the World in 2007.

Here are some interesting facts about Machu Picchu:

1. In the Quechua Indian language, "Machu Pichhu" means "Old Peak" or "Old Mountain".

2. Machu Picchu is made up of more than 150 buildings ranging from baths and houses to temples and sanctuaries.

3. The compound contains more than 100 separate flights of stairs. Most of the individual staircases were carved from one slab of stone.

4. Although many of the stones that were used to build the city were more than 50 pounds, it is believed that no wheels were used to transport these rocks up the mountain. Rather, it is thought that hundreds of men pushed the heavy rocks up the steep mountainside.

5. Many different theories exist about Machu Picchu’s purpose—a royal estate and a secret ceremonial center among them.

6. The Incas were some of the best masons in the world. The structures were so well built with a technique called ashlar (stones that are cut to fit together without mortar) that not even a knife blade can fit in between stones.

7. Machu Picchu was only known locally until Yale Professor Hiram Bingham re-discovered the site in 1911. His book, The Lost City of the Incas, was based on his findings.

8. A long-standing dispute between Peru and Yale University has existed over the artifacts collected by Bingham during his exploration of the site. Yale maintains that they own the items while Peru insists they were given on loan.

9. Machu Picchu was an astronomical observatory, and its sacred Intihuatana stone accurately indicates the two equinoxes. Twice a year, the sun sits directly over the stone creating no shadow.

10. Unfortunately, most cities built by the Inca civilization were destroyed by the Spanish conquest. Machu Picchu was in a hidden location—invisible from below—and not found, making it one of the most well-preserved Inca cities and an archeological gem.

I hope you like this post. Thank You for reading.

Use of Physics in Daily life (10 Examples)

2021-07-10T00:37:00.001+05:30

1. Steam Iron

The steam iron is such a machine that uses a lot of Physics to make it go. The foremost principle of Physics used in the steam iron is “Heat.” Heat, in Thermodynamics, is a type of energy transfer from a warmer substance to a colder one. Ironing works by having a heated metal base- the soleplate.

2. Washing Machine

The dryer of washing machine is a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents. The centrifugal force acts in a direction away from the centre and hence can be used to throw the water molecules on the clothes radially outwards during the spin cycle of the washing machine.

3. Spinning

When the figure skater draws her arms and a leg inward, she reduces her moment of inertia thus rotating at a faster angular speed. This is due to conservation of angular momentum.

4. Falling Down

Suppose you are climbing a tree, and suddenly you slip and fall down from the tree. Then, you may break a bone or two. But if same thing happens to a little ant, that is, if it falls down from height, it does not get hurt. Why is it so?

From ant’s point of view, the atmosphere is thick and viscous and its experience of falling from a height is similar to ours when we fall through water to the bottom of the pool. The air underneath the falling ant becomes like a large cushion of safety.

5. Ball Point Pen

Whether you are at your workplace or in your school, a Ball Point Pen is your weapon. Had Physics not been there, you would not have able to write with a Ball Point Pen on a paper. In this case, the concept of gravity comes into play. As your pen moves across the paper, the ball turns and gravity forces the ink down onto the top of the ball where it is transferred onto the paper.

6. Camera Lens

The phenomenon of “Selfie” has engulfed people of every age group. You entertain yourself by clicking photos. The Lens used in a camera works on the principle of Optics. The set of convex lenses provide the camera with an image outside of the camera.

7. Cell Phones

Cellphones have become like Oxygen gas in modern social life. Hardly, anyone would have been untouched by the effects of a cell phone. Whether conveying an urgent message or doing incessant gossips, cellphones are everywhere. But do you know how does a cell phone works? It works on the principle of electricity and the electromagnetic spectrum, undulating patterns of electricity and magnetism.

8. Image Formation

Have you noticed that when standing inside a room at night, you can often see your reflection in a pane of glass? In similar way, because there is much less light coming from the bottom of a lake, the surface of the lake will act like a mirror.

But an image can also be formed by refraction. A fish seen in the water will usually appear to be at a different depth than it actually is, due to the refraction of light rays as they travel from the water into the air.

Lastly, there exist phenomena which appear due to combination of reflection and refraction. For example, a rainbow is seen when light passes through water droplets hanging in the atmosphere. The light bends, or refracts, as it enters the droplet, and then reflects off the inside of the raindrop.

9. Static Electricity

When two objects that are not good electrical conductors are rubbed together, electrons from one of the objects rub off onto the other. The more rubbing between two objects, the more static electricity build up and the larger the electrical charge.

10. Headphones/Earphones

When you get tired of work or studies, listening to music comes in handy. Have you ever thought about how do your headphones/earphones work? Well, it’s again because of Physics. The concept of magnetism and sound waves are involved in the science of your headphones/earphones. When you plug your headphones/earphones into an electrical source, the magnet in your headphones/earphones creates an electromagnetic field, which ultimately results in sound waves.

Physics - Interesting things to know about it

2021-07-09T23:51:00.003+05:30

Physics is the natural science that studies matter, its motion and behavior through space and time, and the related entities of energy and force. Physics is one of the most fundamental scientific disciplines, and its main goal is to understand how the universe behaves.

Physics is one of the oldest academic disciplines and, through its inclusion of astronomy, perhaps the oldest. Physics intersects with many interdisciplinary areas of research, such as biophysics and quantum chemistry, and the boundaries of physics are not rigidly defined. New ideas in physics often explain the fundamental mechanisms studied by other sciences and suggest new avenues of research in academic disciplines such as mathematics and philosophy.

Advances in physics often enable advances in new technologies. For example, advances in the understanding of electromagnetism, solid-state physics, and nuclear physics led directly to the development of new products that have dramatically transformed modern-day society, such as television, computers, domestic appliances, and nuclear weapons; advances in thermodynamics led to the development of industrialization, and advances in mechanics inspired the development of calculus.

Here are interesting things to know about Physics:

It’s interesting to know that the literal meaning of the word “Physics” is taken from the Greek saying “knowledge of nature”. It is one of the oldest fields of science that dates back to 650 BC which was discovered by Greeks.
Modern-day applications like GPS which literally show us the right paths of life is based on a physics formula of E= mc 2. The satellite navigation systems are related to geostationary satellites to pinpoint the locations and data exchange using radio waves. So the theory of relativity helps in the proper working of GPS.
The astronauts who are at the International Space Station experience the time slowly since both velocity and gravity have an effect on the speed of time. This is why astronauts kind of look younger than us.
Nature’s way of proving that physics is cool is shown in a way of the Dead Sea which is one such marvel. Known for its density because of the presence of salt in this sea, a person can easily float in the water without drowning. So, you don’t have to be a swimmer to enjoy the Dead Sea.
Can you believe that everything we see in this universe is only 5% of the whole universe? The rest of the things are simply dark energy and dark matter. This makes us feel so insignificant now!
Remember all your classes when teachers say “Light travels faster”, well it’s not entirely true. See the speed of light does not always pass through the vacuum and it’s only there that they have a constant speed. When it passes through water, protons travel at around 3 quarters that speed.
Probably all the lazy people out there must be interested in knowing this that the energy is added to the moving object with increased speed. Since mass and energy are equivalent, then while increasing speed, the object’s mass also increases. As you approach the speed of light, mass tends to increase dramatically. But cars and airplanes don’t fall in this category because the increase in speed is temporary in these things.
Another interesting fact about Physics is that the famous physicist, Stephen Hawking who proposed the existence of Blackhole discovered radiation called “Hawking radiation” which makes the black hole glow and gives off light across the whole spectrum.
Don’t get surprised that much. Physics has all the answers. Based on the formula of resistance, the body’s electrons repel the objects similarly when we touch the screen of phone. The current circuit is broken, potential drop at the point you touch and sensed by a sensor, implementing required action.
Atoms are made of protons, neutrons, and electrons along with empty space. So if we gather all the humanity in one place and remove all the empty spaces from the atom, it would fit in a small sugar cube and that would weigh 5 billion tons because of being extremely dense!
You would be amazed to know that the passage of time is different for people moving at different velocities. Everyone has their own sense of time. This is one of the astounding physics facts you would come across!

Chemistry - Interesting Things to know about it

2021-07-09T23:50:00.004+05:30

Chemistry is the scientific study of the properties and behavior of matter. It is a natural science that covers the elements that make up matter to the compounds composed of atoms, molecules and ions: their composition, structure, properties, behavior and the changes they undergo during a reaction with other substances. In the scope of its subject, chemistry occupies an intermediate position between physics and biology. It is sometimes called the central science because it provides a foundation for understanding both basic and applied scientific disciplines at a fundamental level.

Chemistry addresses topics such as how atoms and molecules interact via chemical bonds to form new chemical compounds. A chemical reaction is a transformation of some substances into one or more different substances. The basis of such a chemical transformation is the rearrangement of electrons in the chemical bonds between atoms. It can be symbolically depicted through a chemical equation, which usually involves atoms as subjects.

In chemistry, the matter is defined as anything that has rest mass and volume (it takes up space) and is made up of particles. The particles that makeup matter have rest mass as well – not all particles have rest mass, such as the photon. Matter can be a pure chemical substance or a mixture of substances.

The atom is the basic unit of chemistry. It consists of a dense core called the atomic nucleus surrounded by a space occupied by an electron cloud. The nucleus is made up of positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons (together called nucleons), while the electron cloud consists of negatively charged electrons that orbit the nucleus. In a neutral atom, the negatively charged electrons balance out the positive charge of the protons. The nucleus is dense; the mass of a nucleon is approximately 1,836 times that of an electron, yet the radius of an atom is about 10,000 times that of its nucleus.

A chemical element is a pure substance that is composed of a single type of atom, characterized by its particular number of protons in the nuclei of its atoms, known as the atomic number, and represented by the symbol Z. The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus. A compound is a pure chemical substance composed of more than one element. The properties of a compound bear little similarity to those of its elements. The standard nomenclature of compounds is set by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC). Organic compounds are named according to the organic nomenclature system. The names for inorganic compounds are created according to the inorganic nomenclature system. A molecule is the smallest indivisible portion of a pure chemical substance that has its unique set of chemical properties, that is, it's potential to undergo a certain set of chemical reactions with other substances.

Here are some interesting facts about Chemistry:

Ozone, the triple oxygen molecule that acts as a protective stratospheric blanket against ultraviolet rays, is created in nature by lightning. When it strikes, the lightning cracks oxygen molecules in the atmosphere into radicals which reform into ozone. The smell of ozone is very sharp, often described as similar to that of chlorine. This is why you get that “clean” smell sensation after a thunderstorm.
Typically, when something is cold, it shrinks. That’s because temperature describes atomic vibration — the more vibration, the more space it takes, hence expansion. Water is an exception. Even though it vibrates less when it’s frozen, the ice occupies more volume. That’s due to the strange shape of the water molecule.
At ground zero, during the Universe’s singularity, the very first chemical element was hydrogen. All the others followed by fusing hydrogen into helium, which then fused into carbon and so on. Approximately 73% of the mass of the visible universe is in the form of hydrogen. Helium makes up about 25% of the mass, and everything else represents only 2%. By mass, hydrogen and helium combined make up less than 1% of the Earth.
When you step inside a bathtub, the water level will immediately go up, per Achimedes’ law. But when you add a volume of sodium chloride (salt) to a volume of water, the overall volume actually decreases by up to 2%. What gives? The net reduction in observed volume is due to solvent molecules that become more ordered in the vicinity of dissolved ions.
Though made of the same stuff, the difference between a crown jewel and pencil lead is given by form. Namely, diamond and graphite are arranged differently in space making them allotropes of carbon.
When a collision takes place, the car’s sensors trigger an electrical impulse which in a fraction of a second dramatically raises the temperature of the salts. These then decompose into harmless nitrogen gas, rapidly expanding the airbag.
Famed chemist Glenn Seaborg was the only person who could write his address in chemical elements. He would write Sg, Lr, Bk, Cf, Am. That’s Seaborgium (Sg), named after Seaborg himself; Lawrencium (Lr), named after the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory; Berkelium (Bk), named after the city of Berkeley, the home of UC Berkeley; Californium (Cf), named after the state of California; Americium (Am), named after America.
Commonly, matter appears in one of the four states: solid, liquid, gas and plasma. The air we all breathe is gaseous but like any kind of matter, it can change its state when subjected to a certain temperature and pressure. Air is a mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, and other gases. The gas can be liquefied by compression and cooling to extremely low temperatures — under normal atmospheric pressure, air has to be cooled to -200°C and under high pressure (typically 200 atmospheres) to -141°C to convert into liquid. Liquid air is used commercially for freezing other substances and especially as an intermediate step in the production of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon, and other inert gases.
While Earth is sometimes referred to as the ‘blue marble’ because it’s mostly covered in oceans and has a thick atmosphere, giving it a blue appearance, Mars is covered in a lot of iron oxide — these are the same compounds that give blood and rust their distinct color. In light of this, it’s no coincidence that Mars, which occasionally appears as a bright red ‘star’, was named after the Greek god of war.

Why Light has dual nature of wave and particle both? Is Light massless?

2021-07-09T21:09:00.002+05:30

Light or visible light is electromagnetic radiation within the portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that is perceived by the human eye. The primary properties of visible light are intensity, propagation-direction, frequency or wavelength spectrum and polarization.

Its speed in a vacuum, 299 792 458 metres a second (m/s), is one of the fundamental constants of nature, as with all types of electromagnetic radiation (EMR), light is found in experimental conditions to always move at this speed in a vacuum.

The main source of light on Earth is the Sun.

Light consists of dual nature which means sometimes it behaves like a particle (known as photon), which explains how the light travels in straight lines. Sometimes light behaves as the wave, which explains how light bends (or diffract) around an object.

Light as a Wave

Electromagnetic waves, including visible light, are made up of oscillating electric and magnetic fields as shown. Christian Huygens, who was a contemporary of Isaac Newton, suggested that light travels in waves. Isaac Newton, however, thought that light was compsed of particles that were too small to detect individually. In 1801 a physicist in England, Thomas Young, performed an experiment that showed that light behaves as a wave. He passed a beam of light through two thin, parallel slits. Alternating bright and dark bands appeared on a white screen some distance from the slit. Young reasoned that if light were made of particles as Newton suggested, only two bright bands of light would be projected on the white surface. The bright and dark bands demonstrated that the slits were causing light waves to interfere with each other. Sometimes this interference is constructive, and the light waves add together to create a bright patch. Sometimes the intereference is destructive and results in the light waves cancelling each other out creating dark patches on the screen.

In 1845, Michael Faraday discovered that the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light is rotated when the light rays travel along the magnetic field direction in the presence of a transparent dielectric, an effect now known as Faraday rotation. This was the first evidence that light was related to electromagnetism. In 1846 he speculated that light might be some form of disturbance propagating along magnetic field lines. Faraday proposed in 1847 that light was a high-frequency electromagnetic vibration, which could propagate even in the absence of a medium such as the ether.

Light as a Particle

Pierre Gassendi (1592–1655), an atomist, proposed a particle theory of light which was published posthumously in the 1660s. Isaac Newton studied Gassendi's work at an early age and preferred his view to Descartes' theory of the plenum. He stated in his Hypothesis of Light of 1675 that light was composed of corpuscles (particles of matter) which were emitted in all directions from a source. One of Newton's arguments against the wave nature of light was that waves were known to bend around obstacles, while light travelled only in straight lines. He did, however, explain the phenomenon of the diffraction of light (which had been observed by Francesco Grimaldi) by allowing that a light particle could create a localised wave in the aether.

Newton's theory could be used to predict the reflection of light, but could only explain refraction by incorrectly assuming that light accelerated upon entering a denser medium because the gravitational pull was greater. Newton published the final version of his theory in his Opticks of 1704. His reputation helped the particle theory of light to hold sway during the 18th century.

The fact that light could be polarized was for the first time qualitatively explained by Newton using the particle theory.

Light is composed of photons, so we could ask if the photon has mass. The answer is then definitely "no": the photon is a massless particle. According to theory it has energy and momentum but no mass, and this is confirmed by experiment to within strict limits. Even before it was known that light is composed of photons, it was known that light carries momentum and will exert pressure on a surface. This is not evidence that it has mass since momentum can exist without mass.

What does factorial means in Mathematics? Simple explanation

2021-07-09T20:21:00.001+05:30

Factorial, in mathematics, the product of all positive integers less than or equal to a given positive integer and denoted by that integer and an exclamation point. Thus, factorial seven is written 7!, meaning 1 × 2 × 3 × 4 × 5 × 6 × 7.

The value of 0! is 1. The first reason why zero factorial is equal to one is that this is what the definition says it should be, which is a mathematically correct explanation (if a somewhat unsatisfying one). Still, one must remember that the definition of a factorial is the product of all integers equal to or less in value to the original number—in other words, a factorial is the number of combinations possible with numbers less than or equal to that number.

Because zero has no numbers less than it but is still in and of itself a number, there is but one possible combination of how that data set can be arranged: it cannot. This still counts as a way of arranging it, so by definition, a zero factorial is equal to one, just as 1! is equal to one because there is only a single possible arrangement of this data set.

There are n! different ways of arranging n distinct objects into a sequence, the permutations of those objects.

Factorials occur in algebra for various reasons, such as via the already mentioned coefficients of the binomial formula, or through averaging over permutations for symmetrization of certain operations.

Thermodynamics and its Laws - Simple Explanation

2021-07-09T14:18:00.003+05:30

Thermodynamics is a branch of science which deals with the relation of heat, work, and temperature to energy, and physical properties of matter. Thermodynamics applies to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, especially physical chemistry, biochemistry, chemical engineering, and mechanical engineering, but also in other complex fields such as meteorology.

In thermodynamics, interactions between large ensembles of objects are studied and categorized. Central to this are the concepts of the thermodynamic system and its surroundings. A system is composed of particles, whose average motions define its properties, and those properties are in turn related to one another through equations of state. Properties can be combined to express internal energy and thermodynamic potentials, which are useful for determining conditions for equilibrium and spontaneous processes.

With these tools, thermodynamics can be used to describe how systems respond to changes in their environment. This can be applied to a wide variety of topics in science and engineering, such as engines, phase transitions, chemical reactions, transport phenomena, and even black holes. The results of thermodynamics are essential for other fields of physics and for chemistry, chemical engineering, corrosion engineering, aerospace engineering, mechanical engineering, cell biology, biomedical engineering, materials science, and economics, to name a few.

Thermodynamics is principally based on a set of four laws that are universally valid when applied to systems that fall within the constraints implied by each. In the various theoretical descriptions of thermodynamics these laws may be expressed in seemingly differing forms, but the most prominent formulations are the following.

Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics

The zeroth law of thermodynamics states: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third, they are also in thermal equilibrium with each other.

This statement implies that thermal equilibrium is an equivalence relation on the set of thermodynamic systems under consideration. Systems are said to be in equilibrium if the small, random exchanges between them (e.g. Brownian motion) do not lead to a net change in energy.

First Law of Thermodynamics

The First Law states: The total increase in the energy of a system is equal to the increase in thermal energy plus the work done on the system.

This states that heat is a form of energy and is therefore subject to the principle of conservation. The Conservation of energy, which says that energy can be neither created nor destroyed, but can only change form. A particular consequence of this is that the total energy of an isolated system does not change. The concept of internal energy and its relationship to temperature. If a system has a definite temperature, then its total energy has three distinguishable components, termed kinetic energy (energy due to the motion of the system as a whole), potential energy (energy resulting from an externally imposed force field), and internal energy.

Second Law of Thermodynamics

The Second Law states: heat energy cannot be transferred from a body at a lower temperature to a body at a higher temperature without the addition of energy.

This is why it costs money to run an air conditioner. Because electrical energy is used to transfer all the heat energy from room to atmosphere so that room temperature falls down.

Third Law of Thermodynamics

The Third Law states: the entropy of a pure crystal at absolute zero is zero.

All thermodynamic systems generate waste heat. This waste results in an increase in entropy, which for a closed system is "a quantitative measure of the amount of thermal energy not available to do work," according to the American Heritage Dictionary. Entropy in any closed system always increases; it never decreases. Additionally, moving parts produce waste heat due to friction, and radiative heat inevitably leaks from the system.

This makes so-called perpetual motion machines impossible. Sabal Mitra, a professor of physics at Missouri State University, explains, "You cannot build an engine that is 100 percent efficient, which means you cannot build a perpetual motion machine. However, there are a lot of folks out there who still don't believe it, and there are people who are still trying to build perpetual motion machines."

As explained above, entropy is sometimes called "waste energy," i.e., the energy that is unable to do work, and since there is no heat energy whatsoever at absolute zero, there can be no waste energy. Entropy is also a measure of the disorder in a system, and while a perfect crystal is by definition perfectly ordered, any positive value of temperature means there is motion within the crystal, which causes the disorder. For these reasons, there can be no physical system with lower entropy, so entropy always has a positive value.

Top 10 Facts about the Colosseum (Rome)

2021-07-09T04:00:00.003+05:30

Colosseum, also called Flavian Amphitheatre, a giant amphitheater built in Rome under the Flavian emperors. Construction of the Colosseum was begun sometime between 70 and 72 CE during the reign of Vespasian. It is located just east of Palatine Hill, on the grounds of what was Nero’s Golden House. The artificial lake that was the centerpiece of that palace complex was drained, and the Colosseum was sited there, a decision that was as much symbolic as it was practical. Vespasian, whose path to the throne had relatively humble beginnings, chose to replace the tyrannical emperor’s private lake with a public amphitheater that could host tens of thousands of Romans.

Here are some interesting facts about Colosseum:

1. Free entry for Ancient Romans

Unlike when visiting an arena for a sporting or music event nowadays, entry into the Colosseum was free for ancient Romans. Not only that but they got fed throughout the event! It is said that the emperors did this in order to gain popularity throughout the Roman empire. Free entry and food were necessary because events could last for up to 100 days at the Colosseum. Hours were spent there every day, enjoying the spectacles and catching up with friends.

2. The biggest of its kind

The Colosseum is the biggest amphitheater in the world. It is 189 meters long, 156 meters wide and an incredible 50 meters tall. You can see it in all its glory when you purchase official Colosseum tickets, whether you choose to explore Rome at night or during the day. Bonus fact: The Colosseum was selected as one of the new 7 wonders of the world back in 2007!

3. Damaged by earthquakes

While many, many natural disasters hammered the structure of the Colosseum over the years, two big earthquakes caused the major damage visitors to see today. These happened in 847 AD and 1231 AD.

4. City connections

Parts of the marble facade and other materials from the Colosseum were actually used in the construction of St. Peter’s Basilica in the Vatican City. This provides a tangible link between ancient and contemporary Rome.

5. Arena of Death

Given that the Colosseum was used for some quite gruesome things - battles and gladiator contests - it is no wonder that it’s seen a fair amount of death over the years. Estimates show that around 50,000 people were killed in the arena, with over a million wild animals succumbing to death at the Colosseum too. The level of slaughter at the arena contributed to the plummeting number of tigers, lions, and jaguars around the world - and some say that entire species of wildlife were wiped out across North Africa and the Mediterranean region.

6. A different name

The Colosseum was not, in fact, always called the Colosseum. It was originally known as the Flavian Amphitheater, named after the Flavian dynasty of Emperors. It was built by Emperor Vespasian, a founding member of the Flavian dynasty!

7. Constructed with marble

The ancient Romans used a lot of marble to construct the Colosseum. It has been estimated that they used around 100,000 cubic meters of marble, transported in 200 bullock carts to the building site. They also used 1.1 million tons of concrete, stone, and brick. To build the Colosseum today, it would cost around 39 million euros - the equivalent of almost 43 million dollars!

8. An Underground world

While it is certain that a lot of what went on at the Colosseum was underhand and definitely dangerous, there is also a literal underground area of the Colosseum. Known as the Hypogeum, it was a two-level subterranean network of tunnels with 32 animal pens. There were also 80 vertical shafts that allowed for instant access to the arena - these were used for shifting animals and scenery during shows.

9. Floral arrangements

It is not only historians and archaeologists that are fascinated by the Colosseum - botanists are really interested in it too. Over the years, since 1642 specifically, they have cataloged the different species of plants that have taken root across the grounds of this ruined amphitheater. The number stands at around 337.

10. A lot of ways in

The Colosseum has a whopping 80 entrance arches. This meant, on its busiest days, it was easy for those in charge to let people in and out to watch the games and battles. It could accommodate around 87,000 spectators with tiered seating all the way around.

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Why Calculus needed in Maths and Physics? Importance of Calculus.

2021-07-08T23:31:00.001+05:30

Calculus is the mathematical study of continuous change, in the same way, that geometry is the study of shape and algebra is the study of generalizations of arithmetic operations.

It has two major branches, differential calculus and integral calculus; the former concerns instantaneous rates of change, and the slopes of curves, while integral calculus concerns the accumulation of quantities and areas under or between curves.

Modern calculus was developed in 17th-century Europe by Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz (independently of each other, first publishing around the same time) but elements of it appeared in ancient Greece, then in China and the Middle East, and still later again in medieval Europe and in India. While many of the ideas of calculus had been developed earlier in Greece, China, India, Iraq, Persia, and Japan, the use of calculus began in Europe, during the 17th century, when Isaac Newton and Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz built on the work of earlier mathematicians to introduce its basic principles. The development of calculus was built on earlier concepts of instantaneous motion and area underneath curves.

Applications of differential calculus include computations involving velocity and acceleration, the slope of a curve, and optimization. Applications of integral calculus include computations involving area, volume, arc length, the center of mass, work, and pressure. More advanced applications include power series and Fourier series.

Calculus is also used to gain a more precise understanding of the nature of space, time, and motion. For centuries, mathematicians and philosophers wrestled with paradoxes involving division by zero or sums of infinitely many numbers. These questions arise in the study of motion and area. The ancient Greek philosopher Zeno of Elea gave several famous examples of such paradoxes. Calculus provides tools, especially the limit and the infinite series, that resolve the paradoxes.

Limits and inifinitesimals

Calculus is usually developed by working with very small quantities. Historically, the first method of doing so was by infinitesimals. These are objects which can be treated like real numbers but which are, in some sense, "infinitely small". For example, an infinitesimal number could be greater than 0, but less than any number in the sequence 1, 1/2, 1/3, ... and thus less than any positive real number. From this point of view, calculus is a collection of techniques for manipulating infinitesimals. The symbols dx and dy were taken to be infinitesimal, and the derivative dy/dx was simply their ratio.

The infinitesimal approach fell out of favor in the 19th century because it was difficult to make the notion of an infinitesimal precise.

In the late 19th century, infinitesimals were replaced limits. Limits describe the value of a function at a certain input in terms of its values at nearby inputs. They capture small-scale behavior in the context of the real number system. In this treatment, calculus is a collection of techniques for manipulating certain limits. Infinitesimals get replaced by very small numbers, and the infinitely small behavior of the function is found by taking the limiting behavior for smaller and smaller numbers. Limits were thought to provide a more rigorous foundation for calculus, and for this reason, they became the standard approach during the twentieth century.

Differential Calculus

Differential calculus is the study of the definition, properties, and applications of the derivative of a function. The process of finding the derivative is called differentiation.

f the input of the function represents time, then the derivative represents change with respect to time. For example, if f is a function that takes time as input and gives the position of a ball at that time as output, then the derivative of f is how the position is changing in time, that is, it is the velocity of the ball.

Integral Calculus

Integral calculus is the study of the definitions, properties, and applications of two related concepts, the indefinite integral and the definite integral. The process of finding the value of an integral is called integration. In technical language, integral calculus studies two related linear operators.

The indefinite integral, also known as the antiderivative, is the inverse operation to the derivative. F is an indefinite integral of f when f is a derivative of F.

The definite integral inputs a function and outputs a number, which gives the algebraic sum of areas between the graph of the input and the x-axis. The technical definition of the definite integral involves the limit of a sum of areas of rectangles, called a Riemann sum.

For Example:

Distance = Speed x Time

If the speed is constant, only multiplication is needed, but if the speed changes, a more powerful method of finding the distance is necessary. One such method is to approximate the distance traveled by breaking up the time into many short intervals of time, then multiplying the time elapsed in each interval by one of the speeds in that interval, and then taking the sum (a Riemann sum) of the approximate distance traveled in each interval. The basic idea is that if only a short time elapses, then the speed will stay more or less the same. However, a Riemann sum only gives an approximation of the distance traveled. We must take the limit of all such Riemann sums to find the exact distance traveled.

Applications

Calculus is used in every branch of the physical sciences, actuarial science, computer science, statistics, engineering, economics, business, medicine, demography, and in other fields wherever a problem can be mathematically modeled and an optimal solution is desired. It allows one to go from (non-constant) rates of change to the total change or vice versa, and many times in studying a problem we know one and are trying to find the other.

Physics makes particular use of calculus; all concepts in classical mechanics and electromagnetism are related through calculus. The mass of an object of known density, the moment of inertia of objects, as well as the total energy of an object within a conservative field can be found by the use of calculus. An example of the use of calculus in mechanics is Newton's second law of motion: historically stated it expressly uses the term "change of motion" which implies the derivative saying The change of momentum of a body is equal to the resultant force acting on the body and is in the same direction. Commonly expressed today as Force = Mass × acceleration, it implies differential calculus because acceleration is the time derivative of velocity or second time derivative of trajectory or spatial position. Starting from knowing how an object is accelerating, we use calculus to derive its path.

Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism and Einstein's theory of general relativity are also expressed in the language of differential calculus. Chemistry also uses calculus in determining reaction rates and radioactive decay. In biology, population dynamics starts with reproduction and death rates to model population changes.

Calculus can be used in conjunction with other mathematical disciplines. For example, it can be used with linear algebra to find the "best fit" linear approximation for a set of points in a domain. Or it can be used in probability theory to determine the probability of a continuous random variable from an assumed density function. In analytic geometry, the study of graphs of functions, calculus is used to find high points and low points (maxima and minima), slope, concavity, and inflection points.

Top 4 Electric Cars in India

2021-07-08T09:51:00.003+05:30

The electric car (EV) is a relatively new concept in the world of the automotive industry. Although some companies have based their entire model of cars around being proactive and using electricity, some also offer hybrid vehicles that work off both electricity and gas.

Here are some EVs in India:

1. Hyundai Kona Electric

₹ 23.80 - 24.04 Lakh (Ex-Showroom Price)

Hyundai Kona is the Korean manufacturer's first electric offering to the country. The electric SUV from the brand features the latest technology with maximum comfort to the occupants. Hyundai Kona Electric has a claimed range of 452 kilometers on a single charge. The Kona EV comes enabled with fast charging which can juice up the SUV to 80 percent charge in 60 minutes, and it takes 6 hours to charge from 0 to 100 percent through a household wall charger. The SUV is also supplied with a 2.8KW charging cable which can juice up the SUV in 19 hours from 0 to 100 percent.

2. Tata Nexon EV

₹ 13.99 - 16.56 Lakh (Ex-Showroom Price)

Tata Nexon EV is the brand’s first electric vehicle to feature Ziptron EV technology. Nexon EV is also the first homegrown fully-electric compact SUV. Tata claims a driving range of 312 kilometers with the Nexon EV. The home charger takes around 8 hours for a complete charge, while the fast-charging technology charges the Nexon EV batteries from 0 to 80% in just 60 mins. It also features regenerative braking to harness the power and charge the batteries while braking.

3. MG ZS EV

₹ 21 - 24.18 Lakh (Ex-Showroom Price)

MG ZS EV is the second product from the brand. The electric SUV has been designed giving it many environmentally friendly cues, like windmills, shaped wheels; among others. The MG ZS EV offers a maximum range of 340km on a single charge. MG ZS EV comes with fast-charging enabled, which allows for a 0 to 80% charge in just 60 minutes through a 50KW DC fast charger. MG provides 7KW home charging solutions included with the purchase of the car as well.

4. Tata Tigor EV

₹ 10.58 - 10.89 Lakh (Ex-Showroom Price)

Tata Tigor is a compact electric sedan from the brand. The electric vehicle offers a host of features including a 5.0-inch touchscreen infotainment system. Tigor EV features a battery range of 213 kilometers on a single charge. Tata has limited the top speed of the Tigor EV to 80kmph to get the maximum mileage. The Tigor EV arrives with two charging options: a regular charger that takes up to 12 hours to fully charge the battery, and a fast charger that juices the battery up to 80 percent in two hours.

Top 10 Facts about Christ the Redeemer statue

2021-07-08T04:00:00.009+05:30

Christ the Redeemer is a statue in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil that was built as a symbol of Brazilian Christianity. In 1850, the idea of building a religious monument was first suggested by a Catholic Priest. It wasn't until 1920 when a group petitioned for support to build a landmark statue that it became a reality. The design was chosen from several ideas and construction began in the 1920s, taking nine years to finish. Today, Christ the Redeemer is one of the New Seven Wonders of the World.

Some interesting facts about Christ the Redeemer:

1. Christ the Redeemer is the largest art deco statue in the world. It is 98 feet tall (not including the 26-foot pedestal), and the arms stretch 92 feet wide.

2. Christ the Redeemer is located in the Tijuca Forest National Forest, at the top of the Corcovado Mountain.

3. The first suggestion to build a large religious monument was made in the 1850s by a Catholic priest names Pedro Maria Boss. The request for financing wasn't approved because Princess Isabel was not a fan of the idea. The request was officially denied in 1889 when Brazil mandated the separation of church and state. A petition started by a group in the early 1920s, called the Catholic Circle of Rio, was successful. Construction began in 1922 and took nine years to complete.

4. In 2008 a violent electrical storm resulted in a lightning strike on the statue. The head, eyebrows, and fingers were damaged. The soapstone exterior of the statue prevented severe damage as it acted as an insulator. The Rio de Janeiro state government began a restoration effort. They replaced some layers of soapstone and repaired the lightning rods on the statue.

5. Christ the Redeemer was vandalized in 2010 by a house painter. He had sprayed the head and right arm with graffiti. The culprit was later identified.

6. To celebrate the monument's 75th anniversary in 2006, authorities built a small chapel at its base. So yes, you can get married beneath Christ the Redeemer. However, there's limited space inside, and making the slow journey to the top (cog train to an elevator to an escalator) in full wedding attire may not be everyone's idea of romance.

7. There were several designs to choose from. One was a depiction of the Christian cross. Another was a statue of Jesus holding a globe while standing over a pedestal that was to symbolize the world.

8. In 2003 there were escalators, elevators, and walkways installed. These made it possible to access the platform that surrounds Christ the Redeemer.

9. The stones that were used to build Christ the Redeemer came from Sweden. The statue was completed in 1931. It officially opened on October 12, 1931. The cost in 1931 was approximately $250,000 US. Today that would roughly be the equivalent of $3.2 million US.

10. This statue became one of the New Seven Wonders of the World on July 7th, 2007.

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Top 10 Facts about Taj Mahal (India)

2021-07-07T20:07:00.003+05:30

Taj Mahal is indeed a beautiful place. When you visit, make sure you take a picture of yourself with the mausoleum as the background, who knows, the love that the emperor had for his wife to dedicate this kind of resources for her remembrance after death might rub off on you. One of the most significant Mughal Empire architectural marvels, it still stands in all its beauty and finesses in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India. The Taj Mahal is a white marble built by Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal. In Arabic, the Taj Mahal is known as the “crown of palaces”. It is said to be the jewel of Islamic art in a nation that is predominantly Hindu. As if to showcase the expanse of the Mughal Empire, it combines architectures from all the corners of the Empire including Islamic, Persian, Ottoman Turkish, and Indian architectural styles.

Here are some interesting facts about the Taj Mahal:

1. The Taj Mahal is one of the Seven Wonders of the World

In 2007, people from all over the world voted the Taj Mahal as one of the new Seven Wonders of the World. It was an initiative that was started because all of the listed wonders of the world, except the Cheops Pyramid, had been destroyed.

2. The Taj Mahal’s calligrapher signed his work with a self-deprecating title

Countless beautifully printed lines of Muslim scripture line the walls of the Taj Mahal, each of which was transcribed from the Quran under the supervision of head calligrapher Abd-al Haqq, known professionally as Amanat Khan Shirazi. Abd-al Haqq also received attribution for his calligraphy, an exceptionally rare opportunity for the era. Ever the humble gentleman, Abd-al Haqq inlaid his John Hancock with the humble, “Written by the insignificant being, Amanat Khan Shirazi” at the base of the interior dome.

3. The architecture of the Taj Mahal is a combination of Islamic, Persian, and Indian style

If I have to choose one building in the world with the most impressive architecture and details, it would undoubtedly be the Taj Mahal. In pictures, it looks grand and beautiful, but it’s way beyond that when seeing it in real life.

4. It was built to honor the favorite wife of Shah Jahan

Like many of his predecessors, Shah Jahan married several wives throughout his adult life. Though Shah Jahan spread his heart around, none of these ladies found quite the same favour as his third wife (but first love), Arjumand Banu Begum, more famously known as Mumtaz Mahal. Their union lasted 19 years and led to the birth of 14 children. Complications during the birth of the final child led to Mahal’s untimely passing at the age of 39. Shah Jahan was so stricken by the loss of his longtime companion that he decided to memorialize Mahal with a spectacular tomb. Construction on the Mahal and its surroundings began in 1632, one year after her death, and continued for just over two decades.

5. It has Islamic calligraphy inscriptions all over

The Calligraphic inscriptions in Arabic are texts from the Quran, and they are beautifully inscribed in various places. The most prominent inscription might be the one on the great gate which says “O soul, you are at rest. Return to the Lord in peace with him, and he at peace with you.”

6. Construction demanded a tremendous amount of manpower

Architect Lahauri led a team of 20,000 artisans in the development of the Taj Mahal. Not only men were present at work but animals too. About a thousand elephants handled the transport of heavy building materials during the two-decade construction project.

7. The palace was designed so that everything would fall away from the tomb in the event of a collapse

The placement of the Taj Mahal’s four minarets—the 130-foot-tall spires at the edge of the platform—was not an aesthetic choice but a strategic one. In the 17th century, it was hardly uncommon for massive architectural ventures to fall victim to their weight. To protect the crypt of Mumtaz Mahal, chief architect Ustad Ahmad Lahauri tilted the towers slightly so that they would fall away from the rest of the Taj Mahal, preventing the grave from incurring any damages.

8. The gravesite is the only part that is not perfectly symmetrical

The Taj Mahal is an obsessive’s dream, with meticulous symmetry across its long and wide diameters. The sole exception to this otherwise uniform aesthetic scheme lies, again, in the gravesite. Mumtaz Mahal’s casket is located in the exact center of the palace crypt, but it is Shah Jahan’s grave—introduced to the mausoleum following his death in 1666—that rocks its artistic equilibrium with a west-of-center resting place.

9. Cars and buses must stay at least 500 meters away from the Taj Mahal

India has a major problem with air pollution due to heavy traffic, so to protect the Taj Mahal from the harmful effects of pollution, there can be no cars and buses closer than 500 meters away from the entrance. Don’t fret, it’s an easy walk from the drop-off.

10. The Taj Mahal “hides” during times of war

The Taj Mahal’s status as an Indian icon has made it a vulnerable target in times of international hostility. During World War II and the collected wars waged between India and Pakistan throughout the 20th century, the Indian government and people have gone to great lengths to protect their valued landmark from attack. To this end, architects added extensive scaffolding that concealed the structure from airborne bombers. When the ruse was working, instead of seeing one of the wonders of the world, pilots would see what looked like a pile of bamboo.

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Use of Mathematics in Daily Life (15 Examples)

2021-06-30T19:55:00.001+05:30

Mathematics is needed almost everywhere, be it engineering, science, or other technological disciplines. Indeed, science, as well as technology, would not exist without math. In order to analyze data, recognize certain patterns, and prove facts one needs to apply math. Only then, we can understand complex information.

Almost every career involves math. Scientists need it, psychologists and even cashiers. This is the reason why every student has to learn math in school or in college. However, many students do not take the subject as seriously as they should. Many of them say they do not want to get a job that involves math.

Also Read: Interesting Facts to know about Maths

Here are some daily life examples and uses of Mathematics:

1. In Construction

When planning to construct a new building, costs, required materials as well as the duration of the project need to be calculated. Therefore, math is an important part when it comes to any construction work.

Topics used:

Calculating costs and profit
Calculating the required materials
Geometry
Measurements

2. Interior Designing

Many students want to study interior design once they finish school. However, most people do not know that the discipline involves a lot of math. Not only budgets need to be calculated but the interiors need to be planned based on the area and volume of the particular rooms. To calculate the layout, different mathematical concepts are needed.

Topics Used:

Geometry
Ratios
Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division

3. Fashion Designing

As well as interior design, fashion design involves a lot of math. For example, budgets need to be estimated and the optimal quantity of cloth needs to be calculated. Besides this, one must know what the customers want in order to produce cloth according to their tastes.

Topics Used:

Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division
Percentages

4. Grocery Shopping

When going to the supermarket we are confronted with mathematical concepts such as “get 50% off” or “buy two and get one for free”. When we see these schemes we automatically calculate if we should buy the product. Therefore, we always need math when going to the supermarket or to other shops.

Topics Used:

Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division
Percentages

5. Sports

Mathematical concepts can help people to make better decisions based on logic. When playing team sports, everyone needs to be able to make the right decisions for the team. Studying math helps people to learn how to make analytical decisions based on logic. Therefore, math is important when playing sports.

Topics Used:

Probability
Logical Reasoning
Game Theory

6. Time Management

Time management does not only involve reading an annual clock but also planning one’s day accordingly. For most of us, time is a limiting factor and we need to fulfill several tasks within a couple of hours. Mathematical concepts help us to manage our day to finish all of our tasks.

Topics Used:

Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division
Reasoning

7. Driving

When driving a car we always see signs at the sight of the road indicating a certain speed. Furthermore, in order to arrive in time, we need to calculate time, distance, and speed. Math can help us to plan our trip and to always arrive on time. Furthermore, it prevents us from getting a speeding ticket.

Topics Used:

Logical Reasoning
Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division

8. Automobile Industry

When manufacturing cars companies need to know the demand in order to produce the right amount of cars. Furthermore, companies want to maximize their profits. Based on mathematical concepts they can calculate the best price for their cars. Without math, a business cannot be successful and grow in the long run.

Topics Used:

Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division
Ratios
Statistics
Algebra

9. Computer Software

Without math, computers could not exist. Computer science involves a great deal of math. Just think about applications such as Word, Excel, or PowerPoint. It would be impossible to develop such programs without the help of math. The same applies to any kind of software on our laptop, tablet or phone.

Topics Used:

Coding
Cryptography
Computation

10. Hospitals

Even when it comes to hospitals, math is needed to plan all processes accordingly. When are certain doctors available, when will the next surgery be performed, and how many ambulances are required. Above that, the records of all patients need to be kept appropriately.

Topics Used:

Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division
Proportions

11. Video Games

The majority of students love to play video games. Some even skip their math classes in order to play them. However, without math video games could not exist. Video Game engineering involves a great deal of math.

Topics Used:

Coding
Computing

12. Weather Forecasting

Did you ever wonder how one can predict the weather for the next few days? It is only possible thanks to mathematical concepts. Through probability, we can predict whether the weather will be sunny or rainy tomorrow. That’s pretty helpful in everyday life.

Otherwise, we could not plan outside activities accordingly or prepare for a big storm.

Topics Used:

Probabilities
Statistics

13. Base of other subjects

Math forms the base of many other subjects, such as chemistry, physics, or statistics. Without mathematical concepts, these disciplines could not exist. And without many of these disciplines, we could not explain the world. So do not say that you will not study math ever again! :)

Topics Used:

Algebra
Calculus
Linear Programming
Basic math such as addition, multiplication, subtraction, division

14. Planning of Cities

When planning a city, budgets, as well as time frames, need to be planned. What are the costs? When will the project be finished? Which targets need to be achieved when? Only with mathematical concepts, we can answer these important questions.

Topics Used:

Algebra
Trigonometry

15. Economy and Marketings

Marketing agencies aim to increase profit by properly marketing products and services. To promote products and services online as well as offline they need to follow successful strategies which can only be developed with the help of mathematical concepts.

An important part of economics is analyzing the market and predicting future developments. This will help companies and politicians to react accordingly to changes. However, these changes can only be predicted with the help of mathematical concepts. Therefore, math is important for our economy and our markets.

Topics Used:

Budgeting
Percentages
Algebra
Probability
Statistics

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Mathematics - Interesting Facts to know about it

2021-06-28T19:46:00.004+05:30

Introduction to Mathematics

Mathematics is the study of numbers, shapes, and patterns. Mathematics is useful for solving problems that occur in the real world, so many people besides mathematicians study and use mathematics. Today, some mathematics is needed in many jobs. People working in business, science, engineering, and construction need some knowledge of mathematics.

Mathematics includes the study of:

Numbers: how things can be counted.
Structure: how things are organized. This subfield is usually called algebra.
Place: where things are and their arrangement. This subfield is usually called geometry.
Change: how things become different. This subfield is usually called analysis.

Mathematics arises from many different kinds of problems. At first, these were found in commerce, land measurement, architecture, and later astronomy; today, all sciences suggest problems studied by mathematicians, and many problems arise within mathematics itself.

Some Facts to Know about Mathematics.

The word “hundred” comes from the old Norse term, “hundrath”, which actually means 120 and not 100.
In a room of 23 people, there’s a 50% chance that two people have the same birthday.
“Forty” is the only number that is spelt with letters arranged in alphabetical order.
From 0 to 1000, the only number that has the letter “a” in it is “one thousand”.
Every odd number has an “e” in it.
Markings on animal bones indicate that humans have been doing maths since around 30,000BC.
Zero is not represented in Roman numerals.
-40 °C is equal to -40 °F.
The symbol for division (i.e.÷) is called an obelus.
Plus (+) and Minus (-) sign symbols were used as early as 1489 A.D.
Among all shapes with the same perimeter, a circle has the largest area.
Have you ever noticed that the opposite sides a die always add up to seven (7).
Do you know the magic of no. nine (9)? Multiply any number with nine (9 ) and then sum all individual digits of the result (product) to make it single digit, the sum of all these individual digits would always be nine (9).
Have you heard about a Palindrome Number? It is a number that reads the same backwards and forward, e.g. 12421.
Have you heard about Fibonacci? It is the sequence of numbers wherein a number is the result of adding the two numbers before it! Here is an example: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, and so on.

Fields of Mathematics.

Mathematics can, broadly speaking, be subdivided into the study of quantity, structure, space, and change (i.e. arithmetic, algebra, geometry, and analysis).

Number Theory

Number theory is the study of numbers and the properties of operations between them. Number theory is traditionally concerned with the properties of integers, but more recently, it has come to be concerned with wider classes of problems that have arisen naturally from the study of integers.

Algebra

The study of structure begins with numbers, first the familiar natural numbers and integers and their arithmetical operations, which are recorded in elementary algebra. The deeper properties of these numbers are studied in number theory. The investigation of methods to solve equations leads to the field of abstract algebra, which, among other things, studies rings and fields, structures that generalize the properties possessed by everyday numbers. Long-standing questions about compass and straightedge constructions were finally settled by Galois's theory. The physically important concept of vectors, generalized to vector spaces, is studied in linear algebra. Themes common to all kinds of algebraic structures are studied in universal algebra.

Combinatorics

Combinatorics is the study of finite or discrete collections of objects that satisfy specified criteria. In particular, it is concerned with "counting" the objects in those collections (enumerative combinatorics) and with deciding whether certain "optimal" objects exist (extremal combinatorics). It includes graph theory, used to describe interconnected objects (a graph in this sense is a network, or collection of connected points). See also the list of combinatorics topics, list of graph theory topics, and glossary of graph theory. A combinatorial flavor is present in many parts of problem-solving.

Geometry

The study of space originates with geometry—in particular, Euclidean geometry, which combines space and numbers, and encompasses the well-known Pythagorean theorem. Trigonometry is the branch of mathematics that deals with relationships between the sides and the angles of triangles and with the trigonometric functions. The modern study of space generalizes these ideas to include higher-dimensional geometry, non-Euclidean geometries (which play a central role in general relativity) and topology. Quantity and space both play a role in analytic geometry, differential geometry, and algebraic geometry. Convex and discrete geometry were developed to solve problems in number theory and functional analysis but now are pursued with an eye on applications in optimization and computer science. Within differential geometry are the concepts of fiber bundles and calculus on manifolds, in particular, vector and tensor calculus.

Calculus

Understanding and describing change is a common theme in the natural sciences, and calculus was developed as a tool to investigate it. Functions arise here as a central concept describing a changing quantity. The rigorous study of real numbers and functions of a real variable is known as real analysis, with complex analysis the equivalent field for the complex numbers. Functional analysis focuses attention on (typically infinite-dimensional) spaces of functions. One of many applications of functional analysis is quantum mechanics. Many problems lead naturally to relationships between a quantity and its rate of change, and these are studied as differential equations. Many phenomena in nature can be described by dynamical systems; chaos theory makes precise the ways in which many of these systems exhibit unpredictable yet still deterministic behavior.

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