Talha Ali

My RC plane

2010-05-20T11:52:00.000+05:00

FA-18TRB

2010-05-20T02:45:00.000+05:00

Note: This is chapter-6 of my report written on F-18 Hornet which contains history,feautre and my designs for F-18. This is my design called F-18TRB

This new design is made in keeping under consideration requirements of Pakistan air force. This particular design could go to more then 5000 feet’s because of RAM-Jet engine and could perform reconnaissance operation easily and also it could be use as a strategic bomber.

6.1). Nomenclature:

F/A-18 is a generic name but TRB stands for Talha Reconnaissance Bomber. Talha is designer of that aircraft .

6.2). Engine:

This aircraft uses ramjet engine for producing thrust for this prêt and whitney J-59 engine is used. Ramjets engine can go upto mach-5 and they can easily achieve mach-3. A ramjet, sometimes referred to as a stovepipe jet, or an athodyd, is a form of jet engine using the engine's forward motion to compress incoming air, without a rotary compressor.

Fig-40: RAMJET Engine

6.2.1). J-59 engine:

It is ancestor of J-58 engine which was used in SR-71 Blackbird. This particular engine is more fuel efficient and could work easily at mid level altitudes. This particular engine produces more thrust consumes less fuel and perform its best at high altitudes.

Fig-41 : J-58 Engine of SR-71 Blackbird

Fig-42 : Components of RAMJET engine

6.2.2). Drawback of RAMJET Engines:

Ramjets cannot produce thrust at zero airspeed and thus cannot move an aircraft from a standstill. Ramjets require considerable forward speed to operate well, and as a class work most efficiently at speeds around Mach 3. So ramjets requires special devices to move aircraft also it requires some altitude for its best performance.

6.3). Avionics:

The avionics includes

• GPS

• TACAN

• GBAS

• WAAS

• Air data computer

• V.R.D

• ESM

• ECM

• ECCM

• IFF

• DAS

• STANAG-3910 (for communication)

• FMS

• FLIR

• BVR

• RADAR

• Night vision IR

6.4). Navigation:

For navigation F/A-18TRB uses INS, GPS, TACAN and Digital map. More or often aircraft is dependent on INS because it has to operate in enemy’s territory and Pakistan do not have its own satellite. That’s why it is equipped with the most stable gyroscopic platform the gyroscopes used are optical with great efficiency.

For landing aids it is equipped with ILS, GBAS, and WAAS.

6.5). Avionic Bus:

STANAG-3910 is used as a communication bus because it can accommodate fly by light as well as fly by wire equipment which enhances the COTS capability of aircraft.

6.6).Communications:

• VHF

• UHF

• HF

• SHF SatCom

• Link 16

6.7). Mission System:

• RADAR

• Electro optics

• ESM

• ECM

• ECCM

• DASS

• Laser Designator

• Mission recoding

• Data loader

• Cameras

• IR camera

• Moving target indicator

• Mission System data bus

6.8). Weapons:

• Air-to-ground missile

• Free fall bombs

• Laser guided Bombs

• Rockets

• Weapons bus

• Chafs

• Flares

• Nuclear missiles.

6.9). DISPLAY:

V.R.D (virtual retinal display)

6.9.1). V.R.D:

A virtual retinal display (VRD), also known as a retinal scan display (RSD) or retinal projector, is a display technology that draws a raster display (like a television) directly onto the retina of the eye. The user sees what appears to be a conventional display floating in space in front of them. (However, the portion of the visual area where imagery appears must still intersect with optical elements of the display system. It is not possible to display an image over a solid angle from a point source unless the projection system can bypass the lenses within the eye.)

Fig-43: V.R.D looks like a goggle

Fig-44: Block diagram of V.R.D

The VRD device rapidly scans low power, red, green, and blue lasers directly on the retina of the eye. Thus, it "paints" the image directly on the retina of the eye rather than the eye reading light from conventional displays such as the activated phosphors of a CRT or from light valves such as the LCD.

Fig-45: Diagrams are the property of Micro vision and used with permission

6.9.2). Advantages of V.R.D

The VRD system scanning light into only one of our eyes allows images to be laid over our view of real objects, and could give us an animated, X-ray like image of a car's engine or human body, for example.

VRD system can also show an image in each eye with a very little angle difference for simulating three-dimensional scenes with high fidelity spectral colors. If applied to video games, for instance, gamers could have an enhanced sense of reality that liquid-crystal-display glasses could never provide, because the VRD can refocus dynamically to simulate near and distant objects with a far superior level of realism.

This system only generates essentially needed photons, and as such it is more efficient for mobile devices that are only designed to serve a single user. A VRD could potentially use tens or hundreds of times less power for Mobile Telephone and Netbook based applications.

This helps the pilot in seeing 360 degree view and focus on every object precisely. Pilot can distinguish between two similar objects and could identify them moving.

1. Potentially very small and lightweight, glasses mountable

2. Large field and angle of view, greater than 120 degrees

3. High resolution, approaching that of human vision

4. Full color with better potential color resolution than conventional displays

5. Brightness and contrast ratio sufficient for outdoor use

6. True stereo 3D display with depth modulation

7. Fully inclusive or see through

8. Bypasses many of the eye's optical and retinal defects

6.9.3). Eye tracking:

Pilot do not have to see straight the intelligent system senses the retina and project the respective picture on the retina. Eye tracking devices for input add to this remarkable potential by offering hands-off control of computers and machinery. Automated capture of information through eye movements reduces task loading and increases the amount of data gathered. Other human facilities are left free for additional work. Eye movement becomes a previously untapped mode of communication. When coupled with the VRD, the system offers a major step toward one of the main tenets of ubiquitous computing initially described by Mark Weiser and his colleagues at Xerox PARC. That is, a less intrusive interface to the computer.

Fig-46 : V.R.D looks like

Fig-47: Actual V.R.D used in games

6.10).Distributed aperture system:

Electo-Optical Distributed Aperture System (DAS) which performs multiple tasks including missile warning, missile launch location targeting and also detects and tracks approaching aircraft and missiles using a spherical sensor system powered by six highly-advanced infrared digital cameras located around the aircraft. The later system creates a 360-degree spherical panorama, in real time, that is then projected inside the knarly sci-fi pilot helmet which brings a whole new level of targeting, target visualization and situational awareness to the pilot

Fig-48: Typical DAS qualities

Fig-49: DAS looks like

Why pakistan should buy F-16 not F-35

2010-05-20T01:44:00.001+05:00

NOTE: this is based on my personal research not for any references

Quaid-E-Azam Muhammad Ali Jinnah said “a country without strong air force is on the enemy’s mercy”. Pakistan is strongly believer of making its air force stronger and stronger. Recently fifth generation strategic stealth aircraft F-35 lightening shocked the world. This incident make people think that Pakistan should buy that fifth generation multirole stealth aircraft.

JSF F-35 have revolutionary avionics, it has AMLCD (active matrix liquid crystal display) which allow to perform any function by just a touch, DAS (distributive aperture system) is the most revolutionary thing it have advance IFF (interrogation friend and foe) and ends the element of surprise, this is called complete situational awareness when pilot is flying he knows every thing near and far from him. The most amazing technology in F-35 is VTOL (vertical takeoff and landing) it uses its nozzle pointing down to hover.

Fig 1: F-35

Fig 2: F-16E

I heard recently that one military analyst said that Pakistan should buy this aircraft. I started to think on this issue then I realized Pakistan have to replace some of its F-7 phantoms so why not F-35 should take place of them. That’s sounds great but wait is there any reason to not replace f-7 by F-16S?

Talking about F-35 it does have great avionics but is it right to make a new plane just for good avionics? The answer of that question was found in F-16F the HMD used in F-35 is being used in F-16 and F-18. So why should one buyF-35 instead of modifying its older F-16’s. Again the question asked for the AMLCD but it could also be replaced in F-16. Talking of DAS it could also included in F-16. The diamond of the crown of F-35 is its RADAR APG-81 it can simultaneously tag, track scan and lock more than 100 targets in 9 seconds. So if every thing of F-35 could be included into F-16 then why U.S has made that the answer is of one word “stealth”.

Talking of Pakistan F-35 does not suit for Pakistan Air Force because Pakistan Air force is Tactical air force and it do not require strategic aircrafts. But we should look at another angle the cost. The cost per unit of F-3 is 194 million U.S.$. That’s not only one time price the maintenance cost of F-35 is so high that state like U.S could not afford it they stopped the project.

The only reason for developing F-35 was VTOL and Stealth but the price for these two properties is so high that a third world country could not even dream of buying that aircraft. On other hand F-16 is of 59 U.S. $ and developing it into fifth generation could cost 50 million more even then F-16 is so cheaper then F-35.

The biggest of all issue is reliability. F-16 is tested and reliable aircraft in different circumstances pilots do know its ability and limits on other hand F-35 is new product never being tested nor any pilot is familiar of fighting a battle with this aircraft. for Pakistan it would be too difficult to manage pilots and make them to understand the aircraft that’s require them more then a year. On other hand F-16 is easy to operate for pilot because they are use too of that aircraft and they trust this aircraft.

Survey of pakistan's economy dated feb 14 ,2010

2010-05-20T01:17:00.000+05:00

Pakistan is passing through a period of biggest crisis of history. Either the crisis is of leadership or economy. Economy of Pakistan at macro level is not well and it is responsibility of government to take step to overcome that crisis, but it is negligence or incompetency of government that is affecting economy of Pakistan in negatively.

GDP (gross domestic product) of Pakistan is dropping rapidly because of the War against terrorism, which could be said "war of Americans", this is affecting industries and agriculture of Pakistan. Industries of marble and timber is affected badly by that war. That war is also made a problem of unemployment. Shah humayun Saeed chairperson of standing committee for foreign investment and trade delegation said "investors and local capital is transferring to gulf countries in large quantity"(1), this is due to lack of confidence on political situation of Pakistan and the extending war zone in Pakistan. The graph below shows the foreign investment in Pakistan.

GDP is badly affected by the duty imposed on our products in European markets. On one hand we are said to be the most important alloy of western countries but we have no importance in trade and finance sector(2). Industries in Pakistan are not able to deliver their orders in time due to shortage of electrical power. And somehow if they are able to complete it by procuring generators the product cost so high that no body is interested in buying that product. In northern Pakistan natural gas is also a trouble which is destroying industries. Cotton industry, chemical industry, leather industry and fans industry are most affected industries which are about to end.

Inflation is increasing day by day. Sugar, wheat and oil are so expensive that half of salary of ordinary men is spent on these items. This is due to mismanagement and corruption of government. Sugar and wheat are being smuggled to Afghanistan and Iran. This is causing food crisis which is resulting into increase in inflation and decrease in a life style of ordinary men.

The electricity prices are high due to increase in oil and gas prices. This is another reason for inflation. Government is silent on this issue and taking no steps towards increasing power. The supply of power is about 15MVA and requirement is about 22MVA which is a reason of increase in prices(3).

The above table is a interpretation of the graph shown above this graph is by the coutesy of economic survey of Pakistan.

Stock market after crashing at the end of 2008 is still not able to recover from that shock and still there is no subsidy by the government in the stock market on other hand previous government of Shoukat Aziz was giving subsidy to the stock market on the regular basis(4). The graph below shows that how massive decline was at the end of 2008 and now stock market is healing itself but this process is slow and hopefully long lasting.

SUGGESTIONS:

To control inflation government should end smuggling of food items to other countries and lower the taxes on new industries.

Agriculture reforms should be introduced and feudalism should bring to end.

For power crisis government should transfer its power stations from gas and oil to coal because we have enough coal for 100 years and it would be difficult to use this coal after some year because of global warming issues.

New hydal plans should be implemented and kalabagh dam should be build.

Refrences:

1. daily "Jung" Karachi date 11 February 2010

2. daily "Jung" Karachi

3. daily "Jung" Karachi

4. from independent source a market analyst.