Talk Of The Rocks

2020-06-18T14:20:00.006-07:00

Geology for future leaders of the world
Is it natural or artificial
NaCl and SiO2 available at request
Rocks Culture vs Human Culture
منع أعمال الهدم و البناء في محيط المتحف المصري الكبير
Announcement
Egyptian Miscellaneous Society “EMS”
Guess, is it earthy or heavenly?
Guess, is it natural or human-art?
Rocks Culture, Coming Soon...

Geology for future leaders and decision makers...
Egypt Mother of Geology
Abu Rawash Fault Hammering
The other side of Nile Delta’s Gas
150 years of petroleum age
Hundred Sixty Years of Petroleum Age
Museum Photos 1
Good people know the value of Rocks: Geology for future leaders and decision makers; Geologist I am; The other side of Geology; Geological survey of Egypt; المساحة الجيولوجية; Enviromental science academy in Egypt; Toshka project; Qena bend; Abu Rawash is begging; Mokattam is creeping; Ancient Egyptian Quarries; New Egyptian museum; Our great Nile river; Human bridge to Sinai; Sinai safe guard for egypt (Under Construction)
Talk of the rocks...: Why talk of the rocks; Introduction/Reuters Video; Bizzare Rocks I; Bizzare Rocks II; Bizzare Rocks III; Petrifird wood in Egypt; Geomorphology; Cohenite; Rocks Gallery I; Rocks Gallery II; Rocks Gallery III

Articles...
دراسة أمريكية.. مصر ستصبح خارج سيطرة القوى العالمية 2020.. خبراء: مصر تمتلك ثروات ضخمة لم تستغل بعد
جيولوجي مصري يحول منزله إلى متحف للحفريات
جيولوجي مصري يحول منزله الى متحف صخور

Hundred Sixty Years of Petroleum AGE

2020-05-15T13:27:00.003-07:00

Cairo, March 24^th, 2020

Hundred sixty years

of Petroleum Age

Further to our article Hundred fifty years of petroleum AGE, dated 2010. At that time, I did not realize the effect of the crude oil production or consumption on its price, until it was announced that the price of the crude oil now down to 20$ / BBL.

I wonder is it due the development of other energy sources, such as solar, nuclear, wind energy … etc. or the depletion of the crude .. or some other political reasons??

No doubt, it is a monopoly dictated by importing and industrial countries against OPEC, as it is clear at the attached price lists period (1950 – 2020). Also refer to D. Trump speech about OPEC. (Copy attached).

Nevertheless yesterday, April 9^th, 2020, it was announced that both Russia and USA forcing OPEC to decrease production to 8 million BBL. By end of 2020, and to 6 million BBL. by end of 2021.

I wonder if they finally realize the danger of fossil fuel (gas/ oil/ charcoal) and its effect on earth as it is considered one of the prime causes of the global warming??!!

Guess, is it earthy or heavenly?

2019-12-31T03:26:00.000-08:00

Guess, is it earthy or heavenly?

Rocks Culture V.S. Human Culture

2019-12-09T10:04:00.000-08:00

Cairo: June 18^th, 2019

Rocks Culture V.S. Human Culture

Without the knowledge of rocks culture, there is no human culture, i.e. unless man study, evaluate and appreciate the rocks culture, he will not have or create any type of culture.

To start, I have to give Gamal Hemdan all the credit, as he was my motive in writing this article, after I red his article "Egypt, the Land and the People", on 1964, in the petroleum exploration society of Libya. Where he pointed out the land ingenuity.

Quote:

What sort of country is land of Egypt, old or new? Eastern or western? Arab or African? Mediterranean or Nilotic? Is it, as might be cursorily in-freed and has actually been voiced, the land of paradoxes?? Only superficial look can lead to such a conclusion. The true and abiding personality of Egypt is a many sided world, a multidimensional unit and as such a master of compromise and the via media.

The genius of Egypt is that it belongs nearly everywhere but never entirely there. It is geographically in Africa, but belong to Asia by history. Pharaunic by grandfather, she is decisively Arab by father, a land power by virtue of its valley base, she is necessarily amphibious by her two sea location. A river state of the most ancient and typical kind, she is equally a "route state" connected successively with land and water transit. She thus, draws her life-blood from two arteries: Fresh water and salt water, and both have been made effective by a supreme "Geographical surgery" the dams and the canal respectively. Although she gives a land to tropical Africa, she looks forward to the Mediterranean. Again, she is in the desert but not for it, she is an exotic, intrusive, anti-desert oasis. Or should we rather say semi-oasis since does not derive her water from underground sources.

Unquote:

Before hand, we have to mention that Geography by definition, is the science of the earth's surface, which describes and analyzes the spatial variations in physical, biological and human phenomena that occur on the surface of the globe and treats their interrelationships and their significant regional patterns.

However geology by definition is the science and study of the physical matter and energy that constitute the earth, the field of geology compasses the study of the composition, structure, properties and history of the planet's physical material, the processes by which it is formed, moved and changed, the history of life on earth and human interaction with earth.

So, on the geographical side of the land of Egypt, I believe that Dr. Gamal Hemdan handled on a highly proper technical and professional manner, in the main time, and after more than 55 years some professional geologists could write on the geological side of Egypt. As a matter of fact, I wrote an article titled "Egypt, Mother of Geology".

Finally we have to admit that without knowing our land value and culture, we can not gain any culture.

To be continued ………………….

By Dr. M. El-Gazzar

Natural resources expert

Enclosures:

- "Egypt, Mother of Geology", article.

- Geological Map of Egypt.

- Rocks Culture.

Geology for Future Leaders of the World

2019-12-09T10:02:00.003-08:00

Geology for Future Leaders of the World

Part Two

Geology for Future Leaders of the World

Part Two

First, I've to give the credit to hustle H. Fifield and G. Etzel Pearcy for their book "Geopolitics in principle and practice" that was published in 1942, and translated in Arabic by Yousif Megalli and Louis Iskandar, and revised by
Dr. Mohamed, A. M. El-Sharkawi.

Geopolitics ward was created by a Swedish man Rudolf Kiellen, where he defined Geopolitics as "The study of politics of the country", (its Geography and politics), but the knowledge of each part separately is not enough, because the unity both is required for the sake of the country.

Ultimately, the leader of the country should be familiar with politics and Geography of the country in the right time.

However, since early 1960 Geology became the prime factor taking a decision. The leaders have choice, other than including Geological side, before taking any decision.

The question is why geology for leaders and or decision makers??

To answer this question we have to know: what is geology?

Geology in general is the scientific and technical study of the earth including its composition, structure, physical properties and history. As I mentioned before that since early 1960, geology became the prime factor taking a political decision or erections of a project as the most significant advances in 20^th century, geology have been the development of the theory of plate tectonics in the 1960s and where actual estimates of the planet age. As today the earth is known now to be approximately 4.65 billion years old.

So unless the leader of his advisors are well informed by experts, the geological aspects of any project, believe that results will be on the negative side as matter of fact. It was noticed that the main problem of the undeveloped countries is the poorly informed political leaders who are the only decision makers, so these countries getting poorer.. without limits!!!???

Finally I would like to mention how the geological information could help avoiding war between countries. Such a war between Iraq n Kuwait, fighting for oil field at the neutral zone, another geological case is the Gaiarabub Oasis on Libyan land is the extension of Siwa Oasis of Egypt, where a top quality and quantities of fresh water of Cretaceous age are there.

To be continued ………………….

By Dr. M. El-Gazzar

Guess, Is it natural or human art?

2019-11-11T09:00:00.000-08:00

Guess, Is it natural or human art?

NaCl and SiO2 available at request

2019-01-01T09:01:00.004-08:00

Don't lose F.C.H.!!

To whom it may concern,

Available at request:

A) 2 types of Sodium Chloride (NaCl):

Type I 99.39%

Type II 99.45%

B) Silica Sand (SiO2) 99.60mi

If you are interested please leave a comment on this post or contact Dr. Mohamed El Gazzar, Natural Resources Expert, 002-01223144028.

منع أعمال الهدم و البناء في محيط المتحف المصري الكبير

2018-11-20T09:51:00.002-08:00

منع أعمال الهدم و البناء في محيط المتحف المصري الكبير

Is it natural or artificial

2018-04-20T07:01:00.001-07:00

Please Comment…

Egypt Mother of Geology

2017-02-26T07:02:00.002-08:00

Egypt Mother of Geology

Cairo Oct. 30th, 2016

When we talk about geology we have to mention Egypt as it was the first country in the world of geology and its applications.
To start we have to copy John Farndon words about the subject in his book rocks and minerals.

Quote "Ancient Egyptian master of stones"

No ancient culture used stone with such skill as the ancient Egyptians.

The land is blessed with many superb stones for construction and carving, including monzonite, Blakand Red Granite , Quartizite, limestone, sandstone, and Greywacke (siltstone) Red Granite quarried at Syeneh Aswan, was cut in single giant blocks for obelisks. Quantizite quarried at Gebelein was used for the famous Colossi of Memnon. Limestone from Tura, Beni Hassan and Maasa was used for the first pyramid Djoser's. The Egyptians had a knowledge of Geology and Geological strata well beyond any culture of the time and Unmatched until recently. They were also amazing skilled at cutting and shaping the stones.

No one knows quite how they did, since strangely stone workings does not appear in hieroglyphics. Something they cut stones with copper saws, Or bronze wire held in a bow, others think they used emerystone.

End Quote "John Farndon, Scotland 2008"

Before going into the subject I have a question?
As we are Egyptians living on this land we realize this fact and consider it or not?
The answer is:

I'm sure that it does cross our mind at all and the present situation reflects clearly this crisis

Frankly speaking I cannot blame the ordinary people since the authorities neglect this fact altogether, As it was pointed out in the attached article of May 14th 2007 written by me addressed to them, but unfortunately without any action or response.

Finally, I always hope that all concerned authorities will respond and act accordingly for the sake and future of Egypt "Mother of Geology".

MEG

Egyptian Miscellaneous Society “EMS”

2014-10-08T08:59:00.002-07:00

CAI/OCT. 2014

Egyptian Miscellaneous Society “EMS”

By definition, A group of unheard neglected experts mainly Egyptians, to form a society that can participate in developing the Egyptian economy without interfering with the existing governmental societies or authorities. The idea was adapted by Dr. Mohamed El-Gazzar (Natural Resources Expert), after The American Miscellaneous Society “AMSOC” was formed by a group of neglected scientists and experts 1952 in USA, when office of Naval Research Geophysicists Gordon Lill and Carl Axis found themselves handling research proposals that fit into no existing scientific categories.

Our main objectives are:

1- Review research and evaluate on a proper technical and economical levels.

2- Study the weak points in order to upgrade the value of the project or the research.

3- Introduce the work and oriented to the right channels and authorities. Should you feel that your project or research is misplaced or disoriented you are welcome to join oour Egyptian Miscellaneous Society “EMS”.

Please Contact us, Email: omarradi@gmail.com Tel: 00201111919670

By the way this society is inviting anybody working in the field of natural resources and its related activities and business.

Abu Rawash Fault Hammering

2014-05-19T02:09:00.002-07:00

CAI/May 7th 2014

ABU RAWASH FAULT HAMMERING

26 of July Axis

Continuance maintenance and repairs for 26th of July Axis, made me curious to find the location of such Axis in relation to ABU RAWASH Major Fault.

Driving along to Axis from CAI/ALEX Desert Road to LEBANON Square, using GPS, Recording (several Coordinate Readings (Listed in the attached ANNEX) – and comparing it with ABU RAWASH Major Fault location.

We discovered an intersection between them in different locations, Along the Axis.

Irrespect the accuracy of such reading in regard to the intersection areas, the location of the Axis near by a major Fault could create a great problems – leading to the FETAL Disaster, as the load on the Axis may effect this fault.

So, we strongly recommend to investigate, this problem and advise the authorities to assign a proper technically oriented teams to watch this Fault and other Major Faults in the country

ANNEX

Coordinates of 26 July, AXIS VS ABU RAWASH MAJOR FAULT

Connection RD ABU RAWASH FAULT

(At Site) (Google Maps)

Station (1) lat. 30° 03” 46.1” 30° 03’ 26.82N 30° 03’ 28.7”

Long. 311° 10’ 14.5” 31° 04’ 43.22E 31° 04’ 41.9”

Detailed Site INVESTIGATION of 26th of July Axis

Starting Point

ALEX./CAI/DESERT RD.

1) Lat. 30° 02’ 49.1” N This PT

Long. 31° 03 18.6” E

2) Lat. 30° 03’ 15.8” N At the Fault

Long 31° 04’ 15.4” E

3) Lat. 30° 02’ 23.4” N

Long 31° 05’ 01.7” E

4) Lat. 30° 03’ 45.2” N This PT at the Major the FAULT

Long 31° 05’ 36.3” E

5) Lat. 30° 03’ 48.0” N

Long 31° 06’ 11.5” E

6) Lat. 30° 03’ 51.6” N

Long 31° 06’ 16.1” E

7) Lat. 30° 03’ 55.6” N

Long 31° 07’ 49” E

8) Lat. 30° 04’ 02.0” N

Long 31° 08’ 42” E

9) Lat. 30° 03’ 55” N

Long 31° 09’ 17.4” E

10) Lat. 30° 03’ 50” N

Long 31° 09’ 48.2” E

11) At the Intersection W/LEBANON SQ.

Lat. 30° 03’ 46.1” N

Long 31° 10’ 14.5” E

At the intersection of Axis W/ABU RAWASH FAULT

Lat. 30° 1.4’ N Long 31° 02” E

Major Fault Latit: 30° 03’ N, Long 31° 05’ E

Smaller Fault Latit: 30° 1.2’ N, Long 31° 04’ E

Announcement

2014-03-27T05:26:00.000-07:00

The author of the site is recently preparing a publication
under the title "Geological Spirit in Egypt & Africa".
It will include the following subjects:

Rocks & Minerals Museum
Why Talk of the Rocks
Geology for further leaders & Decision Makers
The other side of Geology
Geologist I am
Geological survey of EGYPT
The new egyptian museum
Geomorphology as a touristic Agent in EGYPT
Our Great Nile River
Human Bridge to SINAI
Petrified wood in EGYPT
MOKATTAM is Creeping
Ancient Egyptian Quarries
Environmental Science Academy in EGYPT
The bright side of FAYOUM’s mount Qatrani
150 Years of petroleum AGE
The other side of Nile Delta’s GAS
Toshka Project
Pyramids Ring Road Danger
Ring Road to destroy one of world’s seven Wonders
Abu Rawash is begging for Attention & Care
QENA BEND
Agriculture Sector to suffer in looming water crisis
Waste Disposal Basins needed for new cities
The Green Horse at the western Desert
Stone Rocks of EGYPT
Site Investigation, Pyramids Country, Giza Governorate
The Bright side of EGYPT
The other Side of GIZA Pyramids
GIZA Pyramids in Pain
Plate Tectonics (General)
MAN MADE Earthquake
Potential of Subsurface Basins for Disposal of waste
Man Waste & Pollution
Monday Crisis
SINAI The Land of PROPHETS
Water Abuse at CAI/ALEX Road
Japan Natural Quake
SINAI Safeguard for EGYPT
Geo-Art Gallery in EGYPT
Mother Africa

Should you are interested to participate or reserving a copy, please respond
to our site.

The other side of Nile Delta’s Gas

2013-02-11T04:50:00.004-08:00

Cairo, December 2011

The other side of Nile Delta’s Gas

1 – Introduction

More than a decade ago, gas was discovered under the Nile delta by foreign oil companies, whom granted permissions through the Egyptian Petroleum Authorities. Beforehand, we have to review some general information about the Delta. It is also required to shed some light on gas and its production vs. its effect on the Delta structure.

Generally Deltas are the product of the rapid deposition of stream-borne sediments in relatively still – standing bodies of water. Their presence represents the continuing ability of a river to supply and deposit sand, silt and other detrimental materials more rapidly than they can be removed by currents.

Nearly 2500 years ago, Herodotus noted that the alluvial land enclosed between the diverging distributary branches of the Nile and the sea is deltoid in shape and used the Greek letter ( Δ ) delta to identify this land it is imperative to mention that one of the major factors influencing the character of the delta is tectonic stability of the basin.

Taking into consideration that the Nile Delta covers more than a 12.500 SQ Km area i.e. more than 3.000.000 faddans of agricultural land and not ignoring other factors that could affect the character of delta such as:

1 –Geological setting and sediment sources in the drainage basin.

2 – River gradient and regime.

3 – Depositional and erosional processes and their intensities with the delta proper.

4 – Tidal range, eustasy and off-shore hydrologic conditions.

The numerous combinations between these factors and the element of time result in a dynamically changing complex of environments within the delta region.

It was a must to mention these lengthy technical details in order to point out the effect of both High Dam and Gas production on our lonely miserable Nile Delta in the near future

Despite the fact that the old GAS TENNANTS Granted permits in Egypt (EGPC and IOEC) for Exploration / production early May, 73 in the Delta .put most of their permits (out of ABU MADDI concession) were strictly located at the offshore Mediterranean AREAS.

However the new TENNANTS concentrate their efforts to secure Exporation permits in the Agriculture fertile on-shore Nile Delta ( in order reduce their expenditures ) neglecting all together the side effect of such operations and GAS production on fertility of our Delta , and its soil , These New comers stunted med 1998 ( MELROSE, RWA , DANA and BP ) .

Frankly, I understand their reasons, but I was tempted to put down my point of view regarding this matter, not going thru the problem from the technical side as a profissinal petroleum Geologist.

Going back to the book that was written by Prince OMAR TOUSSOUN around the year 1925 about the history of the Nile, where it is mentioned that the old Delta had at least seven branches, while we have only two branches nowadays. ?? And by continuing such GAS production from the DELTA, I wonder, if such two branches will survive and for how long.

Not to forcet the side effect of the High Dam of ASWAN on the Existing DELTA.

It is worth mentioning that we recorded the invasion of sea water from the Mediterranean, During Drilling some water wells in TALLA and TANTA. Replacing the fresh water.

For these reasons we have to watch out the side effect of bath GAS production and ASWAN High Dam on the Nile Delta.

Other wise , we will end-up by Losing more than 3.000.000 Faddans of our Agricultural land , sooner than expected over sighting problem , Recently the petroleum ministry announced, an international tender for GAS Exploration and production in 13 Blocks, most of it at the relinquished Blocks of the DELTA

To me such Behavior, where the Authorities intend mainly to meet the local GAS consumption and exporting contracts needs. They are rushing to loose their DELTA for Ever.

By DR. M.EL GAZZAR

Natural Resources

Expert

150 years of petroleum age

2013-01-04T06:02:00.000-08:00

Subject: 150 years of petroleum age (1860 / 2010)

TARGET

To alert every body concerned ABT the abandon of the natural petroleum sources sooner than expected???
Despite the fact that Egypt was one of the pioneer countries in petroleum exploration and production, it is considered nowadays not only one of the consuming countries but also importing one, adding to fact, Egypt reached its production peak since 1987?? ( after world watch institute )

It is worth to mention that most information of historical and statistical data were collected from:

Petroleum Geology book by EN. Tiratsoo, 1951.
Petroleum consultant book, 1978.
First Arab petroleum congress Cairo / April, 1959 by DR. M.I. Faris.
Giant Oil / Gas field by A.A.P.G.
Published ( Peak oil ) articles / 2007 - 2010

PETROLEUM IN HISTORY

Among the ancient civilization that grew up in the valleys of Euphrates and Tigris the use of bitumen from the abundant local surface deposits was common. Elamites, Chaldeans, Akkadian, Sumerians Jams and Assyrians all employed this material, either for ornaments, for building cement, or most commonly or extensively for caulking the boats that were used to navigate the great rivers.

The legend of the flood, so vividly preserved in the epic poem of Gilgamesh perhaps records only the most catastrophic of the many inundations to which the low-lying river lands have been subjected since human life first flourished there. These frequent floods necessitated the construction of well-caulked boats and led to the first recorded employment

Gilgamesh perhaps recoded only the most catastrophic of the many inundations to which the low-lying river lands have been subjected since human life first flourished there. These frequent floods necessitated the construction of well-caulked boats and led to the first recorded employment of petroleum derivatives. The Akkadians and Assyrian mined asphalt from the shallow deposits which are found at several places in modern Iraq. Assyrian tablets (the annals of Tukulti Ninouria) identify Hit on the Euphrates as one of these places. Qayarah and Kirkuk are also referred to.

Hit was originally called TM, or Ihidakira, meaning "the bitumen spring" it is undoubtedly one of the most ancient sources of petroleum material in the world. Its name has persisted most unchanged through many centuries, From Hit and other places in ancient Mesopotamia, it is probable that bitumen was exported to Egypt. The tribute paid to Thotmos III at Karnak included a material from Mesopotamia called "1^st" which is also termed "Sift.". This coincides remarkably closely with the "Zift" of Arabic and Hebrew (Exod. iii, 2), which means pitch, or bitumen. It is interesting to-note that in modern colloquial Arabic, "Zift" is frequently used to signify "black," and hence "bad."

In Egypt, bitumens were employed in the preparation of mummies, in ornamental work and for boat caulking. Various petroleum oils were also used medicinally, under the names if "Syrian oil" or "green oil.". Furthermore, in ancient Egyptian records there are frequent references to liquid fire, basins of flame, etc. which seem to indicate a very per-sis tent race-memory, of the phenomena associated with surface gas and oil seepages. Perhaps this ancient memory may be that of Caucasians eternal fires, since it is possible that the Egyptians were originally a Caucasian race who migrated westward.

In Iran, oil was know and used since earliest times. Archaeological remains at Susa in Khuzestan show that bitumens were already employed.

In that area for bonding and Jewel-setting in the Sumerian epoch, about 4000 B.C. The word "naphtha," so commonly used in both the ancient and modern worlds to describe liquid petroleum, had its origin in the old Iranian tongue-probably from the verbal root "nab," to be moist. Later, this word was transmitted to the Western world by the Arabs and Greeks.

Within the ancient Persian realm, which included Azerbaijan and Baku, the worship of the fire which so strangely issued from the ground in many places was commenced, and temples were built over the flames.

It was in Persia, too, that the use of petroleum as a war weapon originated. At the siege of Athens in 480 n.c. Herodotus (viii, 52) records that the Persian used incendiary arrows, which were wrapped with tow soaked in oil.

After the fall of Babylon in 600 B.C., the general use of asphalts and bitumens for building purposes decreased, and these substances were looked upon by the Greeks simply as curiosities. The Romans also had little use for bitumen in their building, since they built in quarried stone and used the abundant "puzzolano" as cement. Petroleum oils were, however, used in the Roman Empire for medical purposes and for religious rites, and bitumens were used in the manufacture and repair of ships.

After the decline of Rome, the knowledge of the occurrence and properties of petroleum became the inheritance of the Arabs, who developed the first refining and distilling processes for obtaining light, highly inflammable oils which could be employed for military purposes. The famous "Greek Fire," originally invented by Byzantine Kallinikos, Nikos included "Medean oil" in formula, from Northern Persia or Baku.

During this period, the heavier constituents of petroleum were little used, except in the form of medicines and drugs, mostly obtained from the bituminous wrappings of disinterred Egyptian mummies.

With the Renaissance, a number of sources of crude oil and bitumen were discovered in Europe, and then in the new-found America. Raleigh used the asphalt of the Trinidad Pitch Lake for repairing his ships, and samples of petroleum oils were brought to Europe by Travelers from Baku, Burma and China. Late in the seventeenth sufficient shallow oil was produced and distilled in the Modena district of Italy to be used as a method of lighting streets in several towns. Rock asphalt began to be mined from the deposits at Seyssel, Val de Travers and Ragusa when there was a demand for new road-making after the close of the a Napoleonic Wars. Paraffin wax was first obtained from shale oil in 1830, and later used in the manufacture of candles. The increasing demand for kerosene for lighting purposes led to the development of the shale oil industry in Scotland.

Up to the middle of the nineteenth century, all methods of obtaining petroleum dealt only with the small quantities that could be obtainect from shallow pits and seepages. In August 1859, Colonel Drake drilled.

The first oil well at Oil Creek in Pennsylvania, employing the percussion drilling methods that were commonly used in that district to obtain brines which could be evaporated for their salt residues.

This first oil well reached a depth of 69 feet, and produced 25 barrels of oil a day. Its success brought an immediate stimulus to the new petroleum industry. In 1860, 175 wells were each succeeding year more wells were drilled and more oil territory was opened up in the United States and in Europe. In Russia, Roumania and Poland oil fields were rapidly discovered and exploited, and by 1880 the annual word production of crude oil had reached 30 million barrels.

In succeeding years the production of oil increased with remarkable rapidity. During the first forty years of existence of the industry, its principal interest was the supply of lamp oil (kerosene) for lighting and heating purposes and the manufacture of lubricating oils. From 1900 to 1910 the production of fuel oil became the most important requirement, and there after the phenomenal development of the internal-com-bustion engine resulted in enormous demands for the gasoline which had previously been looked upon as a waste product.

OIL PRODUCTION & RESERVES

Until end of years 1977 world estimated oil reserves was 584.500 Billion BLS and cumulative production was 381.200 billion BLS with a daily average production of 60 Million BBL/day out of it, middle east sharing more than 350 Billion BLS as estimated reserve (over 60% of the world reserve) , cumulative production 101.123 Billion BLS (less than 30% of the world production) and 22.110 Million BL/day ( 30% of the world daily production)

It is worth mentioning that most of the major oil and fields as were discovered before the year 1970 for example;

Ghawar of S.A discovered, 1948 with estimated reserve exceed 75 Billion BLS.
Burgan of Kuwait discovered, 1938with 66 Billion BLS.
Bolivar, Venezuela discovered, 1953 w/25 Billion BLS
Prudhoe pay Alaska discovered 1967, w/220 Billion BLS

List of World's Giant oil/Gas field is attached to this report.

PEAK OIL

In the past in time when the max. rate of global petroleum extraction is reached, after which the rate of production enters terminal decline

Optimistic estimation of peak will begin by 2020 pessimistic is that peak already occurred

DEMAND FOR OIL

World crude oil demand grew an average of 1.76% per year; this will increase to 37% over 2006 level by the year 2030 (from 86 million B/S to 118 million B/S)

USA is the largest consumer 20.7 Million B/S

Chine 7 million B/S

WORLD PROVEN

Oil Reserves

According to a published list of the world proven reserves on July 5^th 2012

Number of oil producing countries ≈ 50% of countries reserve (97)
Number of countries having more than 100 Billion BLS (7)
Number of countries W/more than 50 Billion (2)

W/more than 20 Billion (4)

W/20-10 Billion (5)

W/10-5 Billion (6)

W/5-1 Billion (16)

W/1-1/2 Billion (5)

W/1/2 Billion -100.000.000 (22)

W/less than 100.000.000 (30)

Total (97)

4 – Middle East, North Africa 16 countries in chiding Israel

SAUDI ARABIA ≈ 32% x 265 Billion (20%)
IRAN 17% 138 Billion (10.10%)
IRAQ 14% 114 Billion (8.7%)
KUWAIT 12.5% 102 Billion (8.5%)
EMIRATES 10.5% 98 Billion (7.2%)
LIBY 3.5% 46 Billion (3.3%)
QATAR 2.2% 27 Billion (1.1%)
ALGERIA 15 Billion (0.9%)
ANGOLA 14 Billion (0.7%)
OMAN 5 Billion (0.4%)

Total 812 Billion 60.9%

11- EGYPT 4.5 Billion 0.30%

12- YEMEN 3.3 Billion 0.22%

13- SYRIA 2.5 Billion 0.20%

14- TUNISA 0.5 Billion 0.03%

15- BAHRAIN 0.130 Billion 0.01%

10.93 0.74%

≈ 823 Billion ≈ 62%

Comparing W/ ISREAL 2 Million BBI / represents

0.0% of the World Reserves

EGYPT Classification

Not ineluding Gas Reserves. EGYPT has Approximate 4.5 BBBLS of proven Oil Reserves, located AT the 37 level of the total 97 Oil Countries. And considered to be at 11^th level comparing with 15^th Middle East and North African Countries, Despite the fact that its reserves represents only 0.36% of the World total Reserves, and less than 0.5% of the Middle East and North African Reserves

(World petroleum map is attached)

Conclusion

ASI pointed out that the tar set of this issue is to ALERT Concerned panties to the fact that "Petroleum will be depleted sooner than expected,???"

So we should face this problem and be ready for alternatives, the question is could these alternatives (Solar, Wind, Nuclear Energy, etc). Sufficient to satisfy the worlds demand for energy or not??? and could the third world under developed countries can afford the cost of these Alternatives or not??? and its technology

First:

Unless we have to consider that third world or under developed countries relize the size of the problem they are facing in the near future. They will be poorer and more Dependable on the industrial countries more than ever.

Second:

At the same time, the industrial countries should count for the Bur pen, they will bear if they do not consider the third world countries problems while developing such technology for other energy sources.

Third:

The serious GOOD WELL EFFORT FROM each side, in solving this problem is essential and badly needed, AS

No matter what so ever, proposing solutions, without the Good Well of each side for matual cooperation.

Due to the fact that, the world will face a serious problem, upon petroleum depleation, this subject should have the first priority, and its file will be always in our hands for discussions, solutions.

I.e. The Article is not finished yet???

DR. M. EL-GAZZAR

Natural Resources

Expert-

4 / 2010

Museum Photos 1

2013-01-04T05:49:00.004-08:00

Good people know the value of Rocks

2012-12-25T06:41:00.001-08:00

Good people know the value of Rocks

Rocks & Minerals museum at Pyramids Gardens, Giza, Egypt

Location:

Pyramids Gardens, Cairo / Alexandria Desert Rd, Giza

Villa El-Gazzar, Pyramids Gardens Street 18

Coordinates

Lat. 29◦ 59 343 N Elevation ≈ 16mt (ASL)

Long 31◦ 07 234 E

AREA Size 5.00 SQMT

Tel: 0122-314-4028

Over seventy years ago, The eastern fertile crescent of land surrounding the pyramids was named Pyramids Gardens, in difference to the 7000 years. History of most important cultural site in the world.

Five years Ago I was tempted to pursue the idea of establishing a Geological museum along with the new Egyptian Antiquities museum, presenting all Rocks and Minerals of Egypt at this site.

Although the proposal was addressed to all Authorities concerned unfortunately I did not receive any kind of response or reaction.

For this I decided to proceed with the project on my own expense at my residence.

Despite the fact that the effort created great deal of Burden on me, I have to admit that I received a remarkable help from the interested & experienced Geologists in collecting these Rocks & Minerals from different sites and locations of the country. Generally the museum host Rocks & Minerals collected from Egypt, in addition to others, personally collected during my work in different other countries of the world.

The museum includes the following sections:

1- Stone Rocks (All Types)

Sedimentary / Igneous & Metamorphic Rocks (All Shapes & Size)

2- Mineral Rocks

3- Gemstone Rocks

4- Meteorite Stone Collection

5- Fossil & Petrified Wood Rocks and Desert Flowers

6- Library (Geology and related science)

7- Maps Room

The following photos are part of our museum, however for details you may reach us at

(Tel: 002-33761568 / Mobile: 002-0122-3144028)

Looking forward for YR Comments or visit ???

Dr. Mohamed El-Gazzar

Natural Resources

Specialist

December, 2012

Stone Rocks collectors and Fans are invited to join us or comment.

المساحة الجيولوجية المصرية

2011-03-20T12:18:00.000-07:00

فبراير 2011 في القاهرة

المساحة الجيولوجية المصرية

لمن يهمه الأمر

حيث أنى إمتهنت الجبولوجيا لأكثر من خمسة و اربعون عاماً ، و ذلك خلال عملي بأكثر من أربعين دولة في مجالالجيولوجيا الحقلية للبحث و التنقيب عن الثروات الطبيعية و من خلال تمثيلي لعدة دول فى مؤتمرات دولية في هذاالمجال، فقد أيقنت تماماً أهمية عنصر الجيولوجيا في إتخاذ أي من القرارات المصيرية التي يقوم بها رؤساء الدولأو المعنيين بإتخاذ تلك القرارات فى أي دولة قبل إصدار قراراتهم المصيرية.

لهذا السبب فقد إقتنعت جميع دول العالم بإنشاء هيئة المساحة الجيولوجيا لتكون بمثابة العمود الفقرى و الخزانةالعامة لكافة معلومات الدولة الهامه.

و من أهم أعمال هذه الهيئة أن تمثل خزانة الدولة للمعلومات عن ثرواتها الطبيعية و أهميتها و كيفية إستخدامها.هذه الثروات ليست متمثل و حسب في المعادن و لكنها تشمل البترول و الغاز و الفحم و الصخور الحجرية و المياةالجوفية و خلافه.

و برغم أن مصر أنشأت تلك الهيئة عام 1896 كأول هيئة من نوعها فى آفريقيا و الشرق الأوسط و الرابعة عالمياً ،إلا و إنها و بعد مرور 110 عاماً فقدت مقومتها كهيئة جيولوجية لها دور فعال. حتى إنها قد أطلق عليها أسماء عدةلا تمت لها بصلة. كما أضيفت لأكثر من وزارة و ذلك لعدم أهميتها في إتخاذ القرارات السيادية.

فى مايو 2007 فقد كتبت لأصف ما وصلت إليه الهيئة من تدهور و لكن دون إصاء من أولى الآمر.

و لكن بعد تفجر بركان 25 يناير 2011 و التغييرات التي طرأت على الدولة ، أرجو من كل من يهمه آمر هذه الهيئة ومصر أن يتفق معي في إتخاذ الإجراءات الأتية الخاصة بهيئة المساحة الجيولوجية المصرية.

أولاً إعادة إسم الهيئة إلى سابق عهده "هيئة المساحة الجيولوجية المصرية" ( و ليست فقط للثروة المعدنية) حيث أنهاتختص بكافة الثروات الطبيعية بمصر و ليس المعادن فقط.

ثانياً تتبع هه الهيئة لرأسة الدولة و ليس لآي وزارة حيث إنها تمثل البنك المركزي للمعلومات الجيولوجية الخاصةبالثروات الطبيعية لمصر.

ثالثاً تختص الهيئة بجميع الأعمال الجيولوجية سواء أن كانت سطحية أو تحت السطحية الخاصة بالثروات الطبيعيةلمصر.

رابعاً تختص الهيئة بإصدار شهادة لصلاحية المواقع بمصر و المراد إقامة مشاريع على أرضها و ذلك قبلالحصول على موافقة الدولة.

خامساً يكون المقر الرئيسي للهيئة بالقاهرة على أن ينشأ بكل من محافظات مصر مقراً يكون مسؤلاً عن الثرواتالطبيعية بالمحافظة تحت إشراف المقر الرئيسي.

برجاء المساندة الكاملة لهذه المقترحات و ذلك خوفاً منا و تعاوناً من أجل مصلحة مصر،،،

الدكتور/ محمد الجزار

جيولوجي – خبير بالثروات الطبيعية

مقدمه إلى

-------------------------------------------------

Geological survey of Egypt

2011-03-20T12:08:00.000-07:00

Cairo, February 2011

GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF EGYPT

TO WHOM IT MAY CONCERN

For a Professional Geologist, spent most of 45 years of his life in the field of Geology working in more than 40 countries worldwide, I realized the necessities and the importance of the geological factor for any decision could taken by country leader or decision makers beforehand.

For this good reason, nowadays every country in the world has its own Geological Survey Agency acting as the back bone and the treasurer of the country.

The Agency function is working as the Data Bank for all information concerning the natural resources of the country (Petroleum, Minerals, Ground water…etc.) not limited to minerals only.

Despite the fact that Egypt established the first Agency in Africa and Middle East and was the fourth worldwide (February 8th 1896), the Agency lost its identity, function and role in comparison to others.

On May 2007, I wrote an article explaining how bad its situation was but without any response.

However, and after January 25th 2011 changes

I argue everybody concerned to vote and insist to the following changes

The Agency name should be “Geological Survey of Egypt (GSE)”

The Agency should report directly to the top rank of the country

The Agency should have its Headquarter in Cairo, having divisions at each governorate, reporting to the Headquarter in Cairo

The main function and responsibilities are mainly the surface and sub-surface natural resources of the country

(Minerals, Stone rocks, Petroleum and Gas and Ground water ….etc.)

The Agency should be responsible for issuing a site investigation statement for any area before releasing any permits or approval by the concerned authorities to the end users

Your support is highly appreciated and actually badly needed for building new Egypt.

Dr. M. El Gazzar

Geologist / Natural Resources Expert

Accepted By

-----------------------------------------------------

Human bridge to Sinai

2011-02-16T01:29:00.000-08:00

Human Bridge to Sinai

By Dr. Mohammed El Gazar

As a geologist working in the field of Archeological site investigation, I was

contacted by The "RED SEA Research Group" a society out of Seattle, WA,

USA, They asked me to help them Explore the escape sea route to Sinai (Exodus).

The society is fully convinced that the exodus route is located at Ras Adablyah

near Suez city, Egypt. This theory, however, requires a proper technical site

Investigation

The scientific community holds that the exodus crossing did not happen as the

scriptures stated or did not happen at all since scant evidence can be found for

their stay in Egypt or nvnn in the Sinai. Is there enough evidence both physical

and circumstantial, traditionally and historically to warrant the investigation of the

Exodus? What is the location of that site and what would it take to verify the site?

That account would be one where you have the exciting group going through a sea

crossing and wandering in the Sinai for 40 years. No serious proposals have them

going through the Gulf of Suez or the Red Sea Proper. However in all honesty that

is how the historical record presents the matter.

The Bitter lakes Crossing is non Scriptural in other critical ways. The Wilderness

is not closing in on them at this site. Nor do we have the Cities mentioned in the

Scriptural account. Another account has the Israelites exiting along the coast of

the Mediterranean but the Scriptures told them not to go that way. But the author

of that theory had found a Migdol and thought that he had found the crossing

site. We cannot have one clue and on target, all the clues should come together

harmoniously.

Only at one site do all the clues come together for the Exodus location and it also

happens to be where tradion said it happened. That is way we have old Dutch and

English maps showing this site as the location of Baal Zephone mentioned in the

Scriptural account. Tradition does not hold that they went by the main road to

Canaan nor does it have them going through the Bitter lakes nor through any other

route. Where does tradition hold that the crossing took place? According to the

old man. That site is located about 10 air miles South of Suez City. And that is the

same location that Dr.W. F Albright thought they crossed through at.

The mountain ran go that into the Gulf of Suez at that point is called Gebel Ataqah

also known as the "mountain of deliverance". On the opposite shore is a well

known location called Ayoun Musa. If tradition has this as the site what other

evidence can be presented to give this site creditability? The physical evidence that

can be viewed at the site is the location of the 3 cities mentioned in the Scriptural

account. One of these is the Migdol, which means lookout or tower. It is a man

made structure in Gebel Ataqah and it would have been used to keep track of

or view traffic around the end of the Gulf of Suez. There was a series of these

Migdols along Egypt's frontier for security reasons and this particular one would

have prevented military traffic going into middle or upper Egypt.

There is also an underwater structure located close to the modern day city of

Adablya that is of interest. It shows up on infrared photographs and is possible the

buried city of Baal Zephon. As the water in the Gulf would have risen 3 to 4 meters

u\in the last 3500 years according to Dr. William Stanley of the Smithsonian

Institute, the City would have been covered with water and may have moved

inland with time. Of course one cannot say with certainty that this is the city but

geophysical tests can give us an indication and only in time can we know its true

identity.

According to the old maps a Roman Fort was positioned for security reasons just

beyond this site and it would have potentially also provided the manpower for the

Migdol. This may be the Biblical Phinahiroth. As at this site we can tentatively

place the three cities we have a mountain range referred to as the "mountain of

deliverance" on the West side of the Gulf and on the opposite side we have

the Ayoun Musa. Going South along the West side of the Sinai we have several

ancient inscriptions that parallel the Scriptural account. The first one at Wadi Sudr

tells of the well known deliverance and as they would have moved further South

along the coast you have other accounts corroborating the Scriptural account of

the murmuring about the lack of water and food. There are some contaminations

to these inscriptions as later sojourners through the Sinai left their names with

these old accounts. However, there is a huge time difference between the original

writings and the newer contaminating ones approaching 2000 years of difference.

For the location of Mt. Sinai we go back to tradition and the traditional site for Mt.

Sinai is with the tallest peak in the Sinai. There is a lot to be said for this tradition

since the mountain is the only location in that area where a many people such as

the 2 to 3 million-estimated contingent could assemble. Also Moses is said to have

ascended the mountain and spent 40 days and nights up there. And between the 2

peaks on the mountain is a little valley. It is a very unique situation to find on the

top of a mountain but it easily explains how he could have spent that amount of

time there. There are no other mountains that have such a situation in the Sinai.

Others crossings proposals have them going through a more northerly route

through the Sinai. The crossing we are proposing harmonizes with the entire

scriptural account and with tradition and the available evidence. Some of the

crossing theories would have them going directly across the Sinai to their

destination but according to the record they spent 40 years wandering around in the

Sinai.

The present theory starts with the existing group coming out from Egypt

approaching Etham somewhere along the Sinai wilderness between the end of the

Red Sea and Port Said. Undoubtedly Etham would have been on a well traveled

route that would have allowed it to service traffic coming around the end of the

Gulf of Suez.

It would appear that they taken themselves into a trap. The mountain range created

a funnel effect to the fleeing multitude. They were boxed in. Nowhere does

entrapment occur in the other Exodus sites but this item should be accounted for

and only at certain locations can this criterion be met. Several other sites future

south along the coast of the Red Sea would meet this qualification but there are

many more items that should be factored into this equation.

The other part to that equation is how do you physically got a large body of people

across a treacherous site. The underwater land bridge that occurs at this site is a key

geophysical point. It is approximately 1 mile wide and is a natural phenomenon.

Without this structure it would be very difficult to move that body or people across

the Gulf. That such a natural structure occurs at this location could indicate how

this crossing could be accomplished. It is only occurrences of this phenomenon

on the Gulf of Suez or the Red Sea. This is perhaps "the way through the sea" as

mentioned in the bible. A way to get old, Young, flocks and goods across on. The

gradient is less than 1% 000000 the C mile wide crossing 2500 years ago the depth

of water at the middle of that structure would have been about 40 feet deep. Today

it is 50 feet deep.

So far we have looked at the traditional evidence as well as the physical evidence.

How can this route be verified? If remnants of Pharaohs Army were buried on the

underwater land bridge as the water came back in o him then we could easily verify

that site. That is the theory of the Red Sea Research Groan that metal objects from

Pharaohs army may be preserved on the underwater land bridge.

Totally is very easy to detect metal object underground, as it is structures

Geophysical methods such as sonar or radar are being used throughout the world

for non-destructive testing. Why not for Pharaohs army? If the waters coming

back on his army would have buried his chariots and armor these will show up

on sonar and metal imaging machines. The Red Sea Research Group, at the site

has accomplished a rough outline of this using hand held metal detectors. Metal

readings are received on the land bridge but not off of it. If the RSRG theory is

correct that is what will occur when. Recorded models are made of the area with

more sophisticated equipment.

It is mentioned that not only did Pharaoh have 600 of this best chariots and his

cavalrymen but the rest of this army ; we are guessing foot soldiers as well because

it states "and his military forces". Oo, it would seem that he would have his

chariots and cavalrymen up front and his foot soldiers behind. In the account we

have his army having trouble with wheels coming off and it sounds like general

confusion reigned so to try to place these in other than a general configuration is

futile.

Most of the chariots of that lime were made of wood. No expert can tell us what

the condition of the wood will be. At the site of the port city of Caesaria wood

found underwater 2000 years old was in perfect condition. That does not mean that

we will find it here that way but it is possible that if a mineral solution does infill

the wood over time that we can see that on very sophisticated computer enhanced

sonar.

One other item that may be useful in determining the approximate Exodus date

is a volcanic eruption in the Aegean Sea called Santorini. Dr. Donald B. Redford

has suggested many dates for the Exodus ranging from the above date to as late as

700 BCE. But that is what we will be able to determine with test at the site. This

is singularly important point that cannot be overlooked. Test for Santorin ash have

been found all over the delta and samples of it are found in the 18Th Dynasty at Tell

al Daba. To do the test for the ash will of course require several core samples and

this is relatively simple and inexpensive procedure and this will procedure should

be accomplished.

Questions such as who was the Pharaoh of the Exodus? What is the timing of the

Exodus? These and many more questions would have to be answered. The Issue

now is to determine whether the crossing was through the Gulf of Suez and if

evidence is found that they have crossed through the Sea then they were indeed in

Egypt and in the Sinai as well.

The writer has endeavored to assure the Supreme Council of Antiques that it

will try to keep the projects as free of religion as possible. It is proposed that one

Christian University work along with the Cairo University so that it remains a

project dedicated to answering scientific questions, not ones of any particular faith.

We feel that a balanced approach will work for phase I as well as Phase II. At this

point in time Brigham Young University from Provo Utah, USA has expressed

an interest in the project and would be the one linked to Cairo University. An

underwater expert has yet to be identified but will be encouraged to join the team

as soon as practical. In the mean time BYU and CU will apply jointly with us to

do the "survey" at this site before the Supreme Council of Antiquities. And we will

also apply jointly for a USAID grant to facilitate this research. The estimated cost

of the research is approximately US$ 250,000.

The Bright face of Fayoum's Mount Qatrani

BY DR M. EL-GAZZAR

Following the earthquake of October 12, 1992, Egyptians started to recognize the

dangers of the earth's sometimes unstable crust Gebel Quatrani, the epicenter of

the ultimately disasterous quake, has been the epicenter of two other earth-quakes

in the past.

The first quake was registered on August 8, 1303. Its shock-zone stretched from

Southern Greece to Koos (on the Nile) The second was left over the entire area of

lower Egypt on August 7, 1847.

Although there is no volcanic activity in Egypt we cannot ignore the unstable

basalt rock mantles scattered throughout the world. Such a mantle lies below

Gebel Qatrani in Fayoum, the epicenter of the three earthquakes registered so far.

The mantles were formed in the Oligocene Age, which occupies a considerably

large period of the Cenozoic Era, sometimes called "The Drawing of the Recent

Era."

This last short era of geologic time has witnessed the shaping of every feature of

the earth's present landscape.

During this time, the Alps and Himalayas were formed from colliding mantles,

the mountains of the earth rose to their present height, the rivers attained

the courses they now flow, and the climatic zones took on their modern

characteristics. This era also saw the spectacular rise of the mammals to

dominance upon the earth, and witnessed the "coming of Man."

The Cenozoic Era was a time of exceptional crustal unrest in many parts of

the world. Such movements continue today. Active volcanoes and violent

earthquakes warn us of mobile zones still "alive." Judged either by its sedimentary

record or by radioactive minerals, this era is the shortest, not exceeding 60 million

years.

The fact is the earliest Cenozoic mammals in the world were found in Fayoum,

where the first fossilized vertebrates (60 million years old) were recovered

from the province by George Schweinfurth in 1879 on El Qurn Island. After the

discovery, several other investigators went there for research purposes.

The discovery of rich and diversified vertebrate fossils in Fayoum Province

during the last century drew the attention of experts in the field to Africa as a

whole. One could argue that the discovery of such rich fossil fields in Fayoum

represents sufficient evidence to prove that Africa never received its primitive

stock of mammals from Eurasia. The fossilized mammals thus far recovered

from Fayoum belong to eleven orders, seventeen families, thirty-five genera and

include eighty-two holotypes.

Generally speaking, Fayoum province is a more-or-less circular topographic

depression situated 70 km south of Cairo and 15km north of Benisuef, and covers

an area of approximately 1700 square kilometers. It is the most easterly of a great

number of depressions in the Western Desert, including Siwa Oasis, Bahariah

Oasis, and the Qattara Depression.

The most interesting area for vertebrate fossils is located between Gebel Qatrani

to the north and Birket Qarun to the south, where strara of the Oligocene Age

are exposed. It is worth mentioning that the Fayoum bone fields are accessible

by car from Cairo, where visitors will also enjoy seeing large petrefield logs and

vertebrate remains along the road in Gebel Qatrani.

The last expedition including teams of experts from the Yale Peabody Museum

of Natural History and the Geological Survey of Egypt, visited the Gebel Qatrani

fossil fields during the period 1961-1967. Since that time no further expeditions

have been conducted in the area due to financial problems.

In conclusion, Gebel Qatrani of Fayoum Province has two faces. One face is

black, first due to the word "Qatran" given to it by Beadnell in 1905 for its black

appearance when viewed from distance. But we can also relate the "black face" to

the region's potential as an epicenter for destructive earthquakes.

The other face is bright and prosperous, as it is connected to the best discovery

to happen in Egypt this century the discovery of rich and diversified fossil fields.

Unfortunately, research has been suspended since 1967 as it requires a sizeable

amount of funds to conduct such work using proper scientific methods.

Agricultural sector to suffer in looming water crisis

BY DR M. EL-GAZZAR

Daily decisions by politicians and economists affect our water resources more

than we may release for example, if a new plastics plant is to be established it

may require 1000 to 2000 tonnes of water for each tonne of product, most of

which will be returned to a river as polluted effluent. Or if the decision is made

to boost agriculture an irrigation network, can we afford the loss of 1500 to 300

tonnes of water for each tonne of wheat? Or again, if forests are to be cleared to

provide land for farming, will the springs dry up, the floods increase and the river

become unnavigable?

Water resources are a requirement for life and an indispensable dynamic agent. In

nature it transports

eroded materal from mountains and forests to the plains and the sea; man uses

it to carry away his waste and to produce electric power. It is also used for

navigation. It produces foods, and is a source of recreation. In amny cultures

water had a religious significance. This key element of the environment has so

many uses for man that it is not surprising that these uses sometimes conflict. In

the past, when the growth in demand for water was small in relation to untapped

resources the conflicts between various requirements was generally of only local

concern. The situations has changed.

So long as man was a relatively insignificant element in the balance of nature,

his power to disturb this balance was small. Now however, his technology is

becoming so powerful that. He can bring about great changes on continental and

even global scales, and the need to foresee the consequences of his actions has

become a condition for survival.

The heat of the sun supplies the enormous energy needed to keep the cycle going.

Some 500 million million tonnes of water are raised annually from the surface of

the earth to the atmosphere, to be redistributed around the globe as rain, hail and

snow to begin the cycle again.

It is our belief that the future needs of mankind for water will be met only through

a sympathetic understanding of the role of water in nature, of the relation between

water and man, and of the obstacles to its successful control that lie within man

himself.

Newspapers on January 26, published an article stating that a certain official

committee had prepared a report for the government, indicating that water require

demands per year amounted to 62 billion cu mt.

Allocation of the said amount as follows:

● Agriculture 50 billion (80 %)

● Industrial & drinking water 12 billion (20 %)

Break down as follows:

● River Nile (Egypt share) 55.5 b.

● Ground water 5 b.

● Recycled drainage water 7 b.

● Water saving due to new technology & irrigation

development

● Total 68.5 b.

Presuming that Gongly canal will be operating the report stated that the Egyptian

share will be 1.8 billion cu mt. Despite these optimistic figures and predictions,

the country will face a shortage of at least 1.7 billion cu mt. /year.

It is obvious, that a water crisis is inevitable and it is coming soon, which requires

a in-depth evaluation, as figures show that water needed for agriculture amount to

60 b cu mt with industry and drinking water needing 12 b cu mt. /year. No doubt

that agriculture will come off second, best as the industrial side is financially

more powerful and can afford to buy their needs at any cost.

In addition, drinking water is more essential than both agricultural and industrial

needs so the agricultural sector will once again be the loser.

The question is, how far the country can go with its industrial plans and

development without

harming the agricultural sector keeping in mind that Egypt badly needs

agricultural development.

Ring road to destroy one of the World's Seven Wonders

BY DR M. EL-GAZZAR

The area bound by the Pyramids Plateau from South to Wadi el-Qarn to the north

along the Cairo / Alex. High –way should, some argue, be regarded as one unit for

the sake of protecting the pyramids and the adjacent natural life.

The unique combination of the natural and the man made, should be considered as

a great national treasure and be protected from changes and alterations.

And most importantly from truck roads, high ways, sewerage systems,

complicated infrastructure. etc.

Environment protection measure must begin with the unique ecoene anticline

(plateau), equivalent to Gebel el-Moqqattam beds on the east side of the Nile,

where the ancient Egyptians built the Pyramids and the Sphinx.

Second in the famous Wadi Talun to the north along Talun to the north along

Talun anticlines (Plateau) separated from the well recognized Abu Roash

Anticline (Dome) and Gebel Chigigi by the Sudr el-Khamis Valley.

Exceptional to the flat plain of the western desert in the Abu-Roash Damal

structure which is a salient feature of the Cair area.

Visitors also enjoy the Hassana Dome, with its successive concentric guillies and

ridges. Climbing this Dome, a fantastic view of the whole area is seen with Wadi

el-Qarn (valley) to the north.

Despite all these the Greater Cairo Ring Road is planned along the northern end

of the Pyramids Plateau violating this combination of nature and history.

This road will carry all kinds of traffic

This plan ignores the damage, destruction and pollution…etc, that will harm these

monuments and the surrounding natural environment.

It also ignores the multibillion investment poured into building eight five-star

hotels,(starting from Mina House , up to Oasis Hotel) the museum for antiquities

three art museums…etc.

There is a huge income to be gained from this area if kept as one piece and

maintained as a touristic spot. If the ring road planners pay some attention to these

actors, they will without hesitation decide to construct the west end of the highway

some where else, regardless the size of any additional expenditures that may

ensue.

Pyramid Ring Road danger

BY DR

M. EL-GAZZAR

Haphazard development and construction around the Pyramid area endangers

Egypt's most valuable national treasure. Exploitation of this area began mush

earlier with the informal housing encroaching into it. Then, followed heavy

and diversified industrial plants and factories. The last act of aggression against

the Pyramid area is the envisioned Ring Road around it and the sophisticated

sewerage system which is supposed to accompany this plan. The danger from

such irresponsible development is not limited to the areas flanking the Ring

Road, but effects the entirety of the monuments and natural wealth of the greater

Pyramid region.

It must be kept in mind that the Pyramids are part of the larger landscape which

houses them. The wellbeing of this historical wealth is largely dependent on

the protection and preservation of the greater region. This area is bound by the

pyramid plateau on the south and Wadi el Qarn on the north. This area must be

considered as a single unit which must be declared as a protected zone, subject

to strict zoning regulations. Heavy traffic must, under all circumstances be kept

off this area. The envisioned Ring Road however, if built, will bring the entire

inner city traffic of Cairo into this area. The Authorities must relocate the western

intersection of this Ring Road at least ten Kilometers away from their designed

path which is at only a kilometer to the Pyramids. Lastly further infrastructural

development in this area must be kept to a minimum. The natural balance of the

greater Pyramid region cannot take any more infrastructure pressure, nor can the

historical wealth endure more encroachments.

As a geologist and on behalf of the Pyramids Garden Environmental Protection

Society, I am deeply concerned over the welfare for our national historical and

natural wealth. I urge for more caution in development initiatives that may cause

irrevocable damage.

Waste disposal basins needed for new cities

BY DR M. EL-GAZZAR

Man's Waste and Pollution EVERYTHING touched by King Midas turned into

gold. By a sort of recycling process, pretty well everything modern men touch,

including themselves, turns to a waste product sooner or later.

Exceptions are rare, and centre around such things as valued landscape views, and

objects of "high culture" such as Old Masters, priceless building and symphonies

Even Michelangelos will crumble some day, presumably, and-fed through hi-fi

technology-Brahms may become noise pollution. In the sphere of material use,

the creation of waste products is generally accepted as inevitable; food becomes

sewage, automobiles become junked cars, while quarries and mines become

derelict land.

In the late 1970's Egypt decided to expand horizontally, building new cities as

the existing capital "Cairo" and major old cities became overcrowded, reaching

explosion limits.

Three sites were presumably carefully selected according to international

standards on constructing new cities.

i. Tenth of Ramadan city

ii. Sadat city

iii. Six of October city

The three sites attracted a great deal of industrial investors and companies,

ultimately quite a number of factories and industrial sites were built, where huge

quantities of industrial waste, of all types, will be generated.

It is obvious these cities are not facing problems in disposing their wastes right

now and probably not for some years, but the question to be asked is how long

this will last before the environment of these cities id endangered?

An underground waste disposal method would provide a quick solution. But we

would have to test methods of disposing waste in empty sub-surface basins as

tested by some industrial companies.

In U.S.A trials were made by the American Association of Geologists in 1958, at

the request of U.S.A atomic energy commission, to find some geological basins

where radioactive waste could be disposed.

Because the proposed techniques were successful and could be applied to other

industrial wastes, they were introduced to different industries.

A big advantage of sub-surface basins in the available space for the storage or

disposal of industrial waste, liquids and solids. Disposal methods which are being

developed include:

● The injection of liquids into deep permeable formations.

● The storage of solids in caverns constructed in salt beds.

● The incorporation of liquids in cement slurries, which are injected

into artificially-produced fractures in shale and allowed to harden

Physical limitations on the use of these three methods and the

principles governing sub-surface disposal techniques should be

considered.

There are over 500deep industrial-waste injection wells in the United States,

where a wide variety of wastes is injected under extremely varied conditions of

flow-rate and pressure.

So we must now start looking for suitable underground sites around the new

industrial cities and communities, for use as "waste disposal basins" before it are

too late.

Why Talk Of The Rocks

2010-09-05T13:06:00.000-07:00

Sep 2010

Why Talk Of The Rocks

Dr. Mohamed El Gazzar

Since Rocks compose the entire crust of the earth, where our life is highly dependent on its existence and it contains and preserves all natural resources that keep our life going.
We believe that rocks represent a major part of the echosystem of our life.
Rocks generate and preserve Petroleum/Gas, contain most of our minerals, ground water and also feed and host plants and animals and shelter mankind.
So this is the role of the rocks in our life, that is why we should recognize this fact and consider it.
For most ordinary people in Egypt with the exception of field Geologists, Rocks are only good as building stones, Gem stones and minerals, ignoring its role in life.
The Japanese people recognized the beauty of the rocks and use it to design their contemplation gardens "Botanical Gardens", where other nations used it to form Rockery Gardens, etc...
Also Mexicans and Americans used natural rocks for In/Out House Decoration.
Although Rocks cannot talk for itself, its role in life, shape and beauty, etc.. can express its function in life without talk...
So, next time if you see or find a stone or a rock, think about it from this point of view. And Hopefully you will learn and admire and love rocks as a part of your life.
We are presenting here in our site some photos that shows the beauty and shape of natural rocks without any human change or modifications
"It is in all should be considered an art of nature"

N.P.
We didn't overlook the relation between the Ancient Egyptians and Rocks as it was a part of their life.
They used it to construct their monuments, Pyramids, temples etc...
Also to record all the achievments through their time of life and this is clear by the existing Pyramids, Temples, Wall drawings, Wrinting etc....
So Please refer to our article under the name of "Ancient Egyptian Quarries"
http://www.talkoftherocks.net/2010/08/ancient-egyptian-quarries.html

Rocks Gallery III

2010-08-20T14:03:00.000-07:00

Rocks Gallery III

Rocks Gallery II

2010-08-20T13:48:00.000-07:00

Rocks Gallery II

Geology for Future Leaders and Decision Makers

2010-08-20T13:08:00.000-07:00

Cairo August 2010

Geology for Future Leaders and Decision Makers

By Dr. Mohamed El Gazzar

I- Abstract

Realizing the importance of geology & its related branches in making many serious decisions taken by World leaders, most but all countries of the world had established a geological survey agency to help in making their decisions.

In the past, Geography was the only tool that was used by leaders to do so; in fact it was classified under "Geopolitics" (Geography/Politics)

But nowadays Geology and off course in addition to geography; Geopolitics should be related to the Geology rather than Geography alone.

To point out this, we have to define what are geology and geography and its relation to human and earth development.

The definitions of Geology and geography have been handled by many authors. However, all of them have the same meaning and because of that meaning and content, we selected to mention here the Britannica definition…

"Geology" is the scientific study of the Earth, including its composition, structure, physical properties, and history. Geology is commonly divided into sub disciplines concerned with the chemical makeup of the Earth, including the study of minerals (mineralogy) and rocks (petrology); the structure of the Earth (structural geology) and volcanic phenomena (volcanology); landforms and the processes that produce them (geomorphology　and　glaciology); geologic history, including the study of fossils (paleontology), the development of sedimentary strata (stratigraphy), and the evolution of planetary bodies and their satellites (astrogeology); and　economic geology　and its various branches, such as mining geology and petroleum geology. Some major fields closely allied to geology are　geodesy,　geophysics, and　geochemistry.

"Geography" is Science of the Earth's surface, which describes and analyzes the spatial variations in physical, biological, and human phenomena that occur on the surface of the globe and treats their interrelationships and their significant regional patterns. Once associated entirely with mapping and the exploration of the Earth, the field today is wide-ranging, and geographers use a variety of methods and techniques drawn from numerous disciplines. Subfields of geography include physical, human, and regional geography, which may range in scale from worldwide to a continent, a country, or a city.

Generally, in the past the geographic borders were the only target of every country leader. But nowadays, the geological borders are considered the prime target to all leaders.

As Geography is dealing with the surface borders, however the geological studies can reveal both the ground and underground borders.

As mentioned before, every nation established its own Geological Survey Agency to assist their leaders in taking the proper and right political decisions.

The term "Geological Survey Agency" can be used to describe both the conduct of a survey for geological purposes and an institution holding geological information.

A geological survey is the systematic investigation of the subsurface of a given piece of ground for the purpose of creating a geological map or model. A geological survey employs techniques from the traditional walk-over survey, studying outcrops and landforms, to intrusive methods, such as hand augering and machine driven boreholes, to the use of geophysical techniques and remote sensing methods, such as aerial photography and satellite imagery.

A Geological Survey can also be a national or federal institution employed to maintain the geological inventory and advance the knowledge of geosciences for the benefit of the wealth and health of the nation.

We are listing here below some of these nations' agencies and their tasks…

Geoscience Australia - known from 1992 to 2001 as the Australian Geological Survey Organization (AGSO)

- Geological Survey of Canada

- Geological Survey of India

- Saudi Geological Survey

- British Geological Survey

- United States Geological Survey

Individual states or provinces may also have a geological survey. Examples include:

- Alberta Geological Survey

- Geological Survey of Newfoundland and Labrador

- Pennsylvania Geological Survey

- Utah Geological Survey

A Complete List Is Available on Request…

Regardless the fact that The Egyptian Geological Survey Agency was established on the year 1896 as the fourth agency worldwide after USA, UK, and France, It is Recently shrinking with a very limited function and lost its original name, while presently there is over 170 Geological Survey Agencies Belonging to 170 Countries.

On May 2007, I was unhappy to write the following Article about Geological Survey of Egypt…

Quote

May 14, 2007

Geological Survey of Egypt

During the last decade, I was always enthusiastic to write about the Geological Survey of Egypt, as it the occasion of its first centennial celebration.

Amazing enough it was almost the same time of establishing the Stella Bear Co. in Egypt. The Geological Survey of Egypt had been established on the 8^{th of March in 1896 by Khedwi Abbas Helmy II. At this time it was a division of the Ministry of Labor headed by Col.Lyons followed by Dr.W. F.Hume and O.H.Little until 1949. After that Mr. Mahmoud I. Attia was appointed as the first Egyptian director till 1956. It is worth to mention that the Egyptian Geological Survey was the first of its type in Africa and the Middle East and the fourth one all over the world, and was founded about sixteen years after the Geological Survey of the United States.}

USGS had been established initially on March 1879, while on July 1st , 1879 federal government established the agency "The United States Geological Survey", placing in the department and of interior and charging it with a unique combination of responsibilities "Classification of the public lands and examination of the geological structure, mineral resources and products of the national domain."

In order to point out the importance of the Geological Survey to any country, I have to mention that nowadays almost every country has its own geological agency under the name of Geological Survey which represents its backbone and belongs to the highest level of authority in the country.

No one can ignore efforts and achievements of the Geological Survey of Egypt in the field of the natural resources. However we should admit that such achievements are considered poor if compared with the other countries which started a long time after Egypt.

Not to mention, the U.S. has 20 main agencies in California State and 6 more agencies, in addition to the existence of one agency in every state (more than 50 agencies).

Any U.S. scientist considers the United States Survey as the backbone and the treasure of the country not a part of any organization but should have its own identity.

Now the question is, why am I writing about the Egyptian Geological Survey (EGS)??

To start with, my career is in the field of Geology and natural resources.

Second, I found out that E.G.S. for about 110 years and after… It became homeless without identity or role, treated as a running fugitive, changing its name from time to time and has been added to any governmental structure if it is accepted.

Finally and after more than 110 years it is of no use any more and should be forgotten forever.

"And now the end is near and so I reach the final curtain"

Sorry for using song words!! E.G.S. is demolishing?? Is there any hope of rejuvenation?? In my opinion, the answer is No, simply because old scholars do not exist anymore and the new world geopolitics will stand against building up a new E.G.S.

Egypt was classified by I.G. Simmons (in his book the ecology of natural resources (1981), studied by AUC as type D… "The Egyptian type which he designated as the most unfortunate group".

"Not only the deficiency of appropriate technology but the population presses strongly on the resources make them struggle for food…Etc."

To prove their point and assure negligence to E.G.S. (Egypt Geological Survey) the ministry of culture and antiquities planed to import some 24000 sq m of Rock Stone from abroad (Japan, Turkey, China etc.) to decorate the entrance of the new Egyptian museum at the pyramids area, ignoring Dr.W.F. Hume's book which was published over 100 years ago about different types of Decorating rocks in Egypt.

I wonder why E.G.S. is vanishing and the Bear industry is flourishing (more than four Co's).

As this name is demolished completely and the agency working under another title I can say farewell to "Egypt Geological Survey"

End Quote

Geology For Future Leaders

2010-08-20T13:03:00.000-07:00

Coming Soon The First Episode Of The Concept of

"Geology For The Future Leaders Of The World"...