Teaching in Malaysia

Superminds Unit 2 Tangrams

2019-07-30T23:12:00.001+08:00

Superminds 1 Unit 6 - Habitat Comprehension

2019-07-30T23:11:00.000+08:00

Lately， I was facing the difficulties of getting passages based on CEFR curriculum for the Superminds 1. Hence, I plan to create some worksheets and share for those who might need it. Please comment if there should be any amendment on the worksheet. Thank you.

Rules and Routines for 2017

2017-01-08T22:10:00.002+08:00

School started early for year 2017, means time to get prepare for the new excitement and challenges in my classroom. Clear rules, routine and expectations are very important. It sets the way that the class is going.

Every year, I started off with a new batch of year 1 pupils. Mainly, they are rather clueless and needs a few months to slowly adapt to the transition of fun play kindergarten to formal setting of classrooms especially Chinese medium school. They are required to sit still and get ready for the lesson. The changes are tremendous.

This year, I started with

Self introduction on my name and the subject that I am going to teach.
Introducing my classroom rules clearly and practice through games. The children are allowed to guess the reason behind the rules.

Respect. ( Respect the administrators, teachers, classmates, janitors and etc)
Listen. ( Listen and think carefully before action)
Get Ready ( Do your task, homework, be prepared for lesson and bring the materials needed)
Be neat and clean. ( Pupils need to be neat and clean , their work so do their surrounding.

Rules can be practice via game for Listen through " Do what I say"

3. Practice simple routines :

Asking permission to go to toilet and getting the tag.
Line up
Going for recess
Going home

4. Introducing the books and resources needed.

Hopefully, this year with will a fruitful and bountiful year.

Goal Setting

2014-10-08T19:57:00.002+08:00

Time passes as a twinkle of an eye, where 4 years had came since I had started off teaching in an unexpected Chinese medium school to getting used to the nook and crooks. I started off like any newly graduates. With a baby face, whenever I attended any course they could pin point my fresh from oven status immediately. Slowly, as times passes by I was adorned with glint of maturity. I worked hard to hone my skills, knowledge and even character to be a teacher that God could serve others.

Basically, I took some simple steps to help me on this journey of profession. It is important to plan what is ahead, by looking at how you are. Every year, I would gladly sit down and do the SWOT analysis which was recommended by a teacher of experience. Working through the information and reflection, I would slowly think of realistic, measurable and achievable aim to achieve for the year, semester or even months. I think that this really helps to see the gradual improvement in my profession. It is like a compass that steer me in this busy profession. For many seemed to be long working out same things years and year without much idea, even worst they have lost their purpose. The goal and aim helps us to grow and be sure what we want in our life and profession.

In my first year, my aim was not big. I just want to get use to the school environment, knowing how things work as well as doing my job. In 2011, I started off on the 7 February 2014 just after the Chinese New Year Celebration. I was rather surprised to be posted to a Melaka Chinese medium school despite of no qualification to do so. Besides that, I was asked to teacher Mathematics, Science, Moral, Civic Education, Life Skill, Kajian Tempatan, Sport and Health as well as Music in Chinese. It was a strenuous task as I can only read limited Chinese words and the level was pretty high for me. After a month of struggling I managed to exchange the subject to English subjects which I was supposed to teach Year 1, 2,3 and 4. My task turns out to be easier. Yet, the challenges remained with the classroom management. My first motto at that time and now is don’t let the pupils get away from their chairs unless it is required. Being firm and persistence in executing our request or statement are crucial. Of course, I found that having fun and interesting activities helps a lot. However, if you can’t manage it don’t give too exciting activities that causes pupils hyperactivity, resulting in havoc later. In order to improve these skills, I also work in the school after care class. I found that these are too taxing and my work performance backslide as I received complain on books being marked wrongly. Well, it was another aim to start with. The year went on with some relationship problems with the colleagues. I was told that I am not building relationship with the teachers. Therefore, my advice is building relationship with colleagues, cooperate and care for them are crucial for your work in long run as it will be them supporting you. We work in a team; no one is a lone ranger.

Despair

2014-04-07T22:15:00.002+08:00

I had been lost and brings to comfort words of encouragement. Yet, I find myself at the pit after a roller coaster of emotion. The main reason of despair are:

My pupils don't seem to get what I have been teaching, after repeating, after emphasizing, and other efforts. Maybe my effort is not enough.

My pupils have problems with grammar.
My pupils have problems in making sentences despite telling them that verb to be don't go together with verb such as He is takes care of the plants. It is frustrating to see that sentences after being reminded.

My pupils didn't seem to hand in their homework.
My pupils spelling seemed to be always under expectation and spelling is not done.

I guess voicing out the issues seemed to make me feel more helpless as I don't seem to be able to solve my current problem. Yet, I strongly believe maybe they just need more time, love and patient. I feel better after blabbering over here.

Ideas for English Society

2014-01-20T22:12:00.000+08:00

Lately I felt challenged when pupils are asked to join another paid English club compared to mine that are free of charge. It offers a range of activities that are fun and useful in classroom activities. Hence, I come up with some activities based on a video online on ways to practice spelling. I found it is fun.

Activitiy 1 : Challenge your spelling
Time: 5-10 minutes
Age: Any
Materials: Word card.
Steps:
1. Pupils are given a piece of card with words written.
2. Pupils can challenge others by asking "What is your word?"
3. If the pupils can spell out the word challenge, he or she can takes the card. If fail he or she has to give his or her card to the person who was challenge.

Activity 2: Make your Word Search
Time: 30 minutes
Age : 8++
Materials: Papers with 12x12 boxes

Steps:
1. Pupils brainstorm and spelling out the words.
2. Pupils write the words in the boxes.
3. Pupils complete the boxes and gives their word search as a challenge to other pupils.

Beware:
1. Make sure their spelling is correct before starting off.

I found that my pupils really love it, especially the 10 years old pupils based on their favourite topics. Have fun trying.

Fun learning in simple way

2013-11-18T23:36:00.000+08:00

I like lesson that are fun, exciting and engaging. However, I am getting further away from my ideal lesson. I am constantly being challenged by paperwork, extra duties and activities that are going on.

I put on simple effort to at least come up with something fun as KSSR is emphasizing on fun learning through language art. I think the syllabus and textbook helps a lot. But what makes a difference is the way we carry them out.

If the teacher comes into the class with a sour face, the activities will not go far.
The way that we carry is for finishing the syllabus or for the sake of learning is fun. Sometimes, we just drag along the lesson. I admit I did ask the pupils to sing the song or recite poetry in the textbook but sometimes it just become reading. Don't short cut the fun element and turn it into something routine.
Get in some interesting element such as utilize the teaching aid or materials.

In reading lesson

I come up with a few element such as asking the pupils to read aloud and stop at certain parts while the others have to continue. Those unable to do so will have to make a funny face till they managed to read the parts in another round.
I changed the way I read while the pupils follow.
Reading aloud competition for group.

These are some of it now.

What your student is thinking about your school? your lesson?

2013-11-17T23:29:00.001+08:00

I had been attending a course on building a good in Hong Wen School, Singapore on the 16 November. Mr 李希贵 was presenting on an ideal school that did a survey on where is the pupils favorite places in school and the activities that they like the most. Sadly, classroom and lesson are not even listed in top 20. But how about your school?

The questions seemed to make me reflect as endless of question keep popping out of my head. What is the children think about school ? What strike them the most? Where they can feel comfortable, at ease, fun, excitement?

So what can we do as an educator? It is time for change . A small change in us can comes out differently just like the ripple effect. Come up and change.

Am I good enough?

2013-08-19T19:35:00.000+08:00

I have been missing for such a long time that I even forgets that I have a blog. There had been an uncertainty going on with me. It sounds like " Am I doing a good job?" How I come up with such thoughts.

I felt that my pupils are not learning with me.
Disruption and misbehavior is a daily endless scenario.
Every teacher looks better.
I can't carry out what is suggested to be a better teacher.

The list may go longer. I am wondering, is it me or there is someone insecure as me.

Despite having all theses thoughts, definitely discouraged but I somehow managed to come to the brighter side. It may be self comforting but I believe in God that any challenges that comes upon you is meant to built you up. So stay cool and find some ways for those who gives all sorts of excuse may not live a life that they want. I hope to hear from the others too.

Some of the ways to feel better in a practical way are

Set a goal that can be achieve by ourselves.
Don't expect a sudden becomes very successful .
Take our time to find out the more demanding issues that need to be settled. I think prioritize is very important. Take one at a time.

What other good advice that you have?

Perbandingan LINUS dan LINUS 2.0

2013-06-17T21:55:00.002+08:00

As a teacher, I think we are facing with changes with every moment of life from the simultaneous responses needed to be given to the changes in education policy as well as programme. One of the lastest challenge that I got was the LINUS 2.0 Literasi Bahasa Inggeris. Some of the teachers wonder what is the difference between the old LINUS and LINUS 2.0. Actually LINUS 1.0 was the new name for the old LINUS. The information was gained from the Bahagian Perkembangan Kurrikulum.

Parents and Teacher

2012-09-13T19:05:00.000+08:00

In the path of educating a child, a proper and effective communication is crucial. At times, I used to hide and fawn when parents approaches me. It was due to the trauma of being critized and complained due to some matter that arises. Though my colleagues help me and even accompany me to meet up with the parents. I am so thankful that they gave me courage as well as model on how to communicate with parents.

As times go on, I realized that gaining parent's cooperation in educating the child gave a tremendous help that it was like blessing from God. Parent's that are concern about their child progress is appreciative to teachers that gave them feedback on their child's progress in school. They helped out to make sure pupils learnt at home. Sometimes, they gave the reason and some history that will help us in knowing the child better. Hence, we can modify our teaching method to promote pupil's learning.

I strongly believed that teacher need to build good rapport with parents. Despite having heaps of problems due to lack of confidence, I do hope that you can suggest some ways to help me out too.

Pencen Vs KWSP

2012-08-07T23:00:00.000+08:00

What had you plan for your retirement? I guess this might strike some attention to those who might have a choice to choose between getting pension or KWSP. This happens to all the government servant. Based on the information gained from " Tawaran Opsyen Skim KWSP dan Perbandingan Skim Pencen Dengan Skim KWSP" by "Bahagian Perkhidmatan Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam Malaysia", I would like to give some personal opinion.

Pension is a scheme given to the government servant that entitle with some benefits:

The worker does not contribute to the pension
It is a family pension scheme where they are entitle to a lump sum of reward ( 7.5% X duration of service X last pay) and the pension ( 1/600 X duration of service X last pay). The benefits of pension are given to the worker as long as he live or if pass away shall be given to his spouse or the children if they are under 18.
Besides that the worker are given the golden handshake with the rate of (1/30 X leave accumulated of maximum 120 days X last pay)
Medical benefits in and after service for spouse and children. Medical benefits for parents are entitle when the worker is in service.
When the worker pass away the pension and reward shall be given to the spouse or children.
The benefits of lossing ability during working period shall be paid as given rate depends on the level of disability
If there are increment to the salary, the pensioner will get increment too.
Those that are pension can be pension by the options of mandatory, health reason, the termination of the post, reorganizing the organization, due to public benefits, due to government demand as well as being appointed by some organization.
No taxation on the reward and Golden HandShake.

Meanwhile for those that chose the KSWP skim, they are entitle with benefits such as:

The government need to contribute 12% while the worker need to contribute 11% for KWSP
Entitle to receive the Golden Handshake
Medical benefits only during in service and after retirement such benefits are withdrawed
No monthly pension given
They need to pay back all the loan.
The family members will receive RM 2000 if the worker pass away or suffer from disability during work.
Can quit the job at any time.
May receive KWSP dividen
May escape taxation by the limit of withdrawal RM5000 a year or depends on the current rules.

Hence which shall I choose from.

If you have any question you can try to contact

Bahagian Pencen atau Urusan Opsyen KWSP

Bahagian Perkhidmatan at 03-88853000

or http://www.jpa.gov.my

Challenge

2012-08-06T20:50:00.003+08:00

Recently, I was having a big slump in my teaching as well as writing. Hence, I would like to challenge myself to write my blog at least twice a week. The reasons are :

To sort out and organize my thought and ideas
To do some documentation
To share my problem in hoping to gain some solution or
Just to relax

Everyday I pass my school corridor looking at the similar quote. It makes me feel that no matter what challenge is ahead, make some effort. I might be as slow as a snail but as long as I move on I am just like the turtle racing with the rabbit.

LINUS

2012-08-06T20:44:00.003+08:00

LINUS is known to be literacy and numeracy screening that started off on 2010 till now the third cohort. The main objectives is to ensure that after pupils completed lower primary they are able to achieve the basic literacy and numeracy skills. Similar programme was held for upper primary named PROTIM.

Currently I was teaching Year 1 Bahasa Malaysia, it was challenging as it was my first time. Well there is always first time in everything. Basically, there will be 3 screening each year where pupils need to take oral and written test. For literacy, the pupils have to pass twelve construct on reading letters, sukukata, words, sentences as well as simple comprehension. Meanwhile in writing, pupils have to write letters, identify the sukukata, words, rearrange words into a correct sentence as well as writing sentences.

I was stumbled by my lack of achievement as my emphasis was more to reading. As a result my pupils failed to score well in making sentences component.

Some of the useful method that can be used for reading are:

Using flashcard ( especially those that have different colours for the sukukata which enables the pupils to read easier)

Covered word ( Teacher segments the words to let the pupils to spell out before reading out the word)
I also used games where pupils read out the words in a list as I point. Sometimes, I would let the other pupils to point out the word to read. ( This was meant to be the final part after I have ensure that they can read, it works well as a test too.)
Matching game. Pupils are given different suku kata to be match and read. I used to come up with the idea of reading dices too. Games requires less pupils in the class or it would be out of control for me. I can comes in wheel of fortune too.

Meanwhile, some of the methods to teach the writing part are:

I teach the sentence structure. The simple sentence structure in Bahasa Malaysia mainly comprise of people, verb and things. After telling them the structure, I let them rearrange the words in arranging the words exercise on paper. Though I felt that, it would be better if the pupils can arrange in card and write down the sentence. Maybe I can try that for my next lesson.

I hope to get a better result in next screening as I was way far behind the target. Wish all the best and give me some good input too.

Losing My Balance

2012-06-27T18:48:00.001+08:00

Teaching has been making me losing my balance. I had been cornered by endless work, failed lesson plan, poor classroom management since I lost my balance. I am lost in my hopeless pit, regrets and anxiety of poor performance.

Despite facing all these problems, I believe attitudes are what that makes all these a difference. Everyday starts a fresh, look on what you achieved and what you can't. Make some plan to achieve your aim. I am actually doing some self hypnosis. You can ignore me. After all being stressed, we need some good reliever in some positive ways before we burn out. Cheer. Hope that I get my balance soon.

New Advice : Resilient

2012-03-30T17:34:00.002+08:00

It has become a habit of mine to ask advice from the others. It became a way of gaining some new insight as well as tools to reflect on my situation. Somehow, it happens to make me feel better when I heard of a might be way for me to improve myself.

I am forever grateful that God has send me to such a wonderful place where teachers constantly help out one another. They always give me some good advice. Some may be applicable, some may not for now. This advice is rather new to me. It is "resilient". Although I have read about this, it is funny when my colleague told me in Chinese term "cannot be killed". It is very true in every job. Whenever you are down, hey spring up again. It just makes me feel like a spring that go boing boing boing. So I came up with this:

Take a rest
Start a fresh
Go again

It might be a good idea to keep a record or journal. When the time comes, you will know how much you can go through. Believe it, the problem doesn't look so big when you see how much you can do. Happy weekend to all. All teachers time to chill.

Does it look like this?

The doll that doesn't fall?

A resilient cockroach?

Take a break

2012-03-28T17:51:00.002+08:00

It has been a long time again.

Anyway, work is always getting more and more demanding in education field. It is no longer the olden sweet time where others could say teaching is such an easy job. It is understood that being a teacher has many benefits beyond other field especially the holiday. It just makes my friends so envy of teachers's holiday that can stretch to months. I could say that the holiday is the blessing. Yet, the word of easy is no longer suitable. Yes, it might sound like these few points

You just have to work half day
You don't have to face the pressure of being sack
You have so much more benefits including the increment of salary
The government job is stable
The list can go much longer

However, the grass is always green on the other side. If you are a teacher today, you might have a different opinion on this issue. I hope that you have a second thought of it after experience being a teacher. No matter how difficult this job is going to be. It may be getting more demanding, but it is the rewards of pupil's success, their simple thank you or even a small smile might lift you up above.

I am still so far away from being successful, yet I am still learning and working to it. If you are tired teachers, take a small break. I found something refreshing that I would like to share is

Start everyday a fresh. Let all the grudge be gone. Be forgiving especially to the kids they don't mean it.
Plan your things ahead, so you don't have to rush.
Empower some pupils that can help you. Everyone have their own responsibility or work and everything has someone to do accomplish it.
Go for holiday. AIRASIA is having promotion now. HAHA

Share some interesting feedback too. Have a nice break.
* the picture are taken from other internet resources

Welcoming First Year Pupils

2012-01-04T18:49:00.000+08:00

Listening to all the stories told by teachers never seemed to be as true as possible as my experience today. I am teaching Year One on Bahasa Malaysia. Unexpectedly my class is the first lesson of the year, I am nervous. Getting the pupils to sit on their places with all the parents are looking outside is stressful. I am glad that I just have to watch the class teacher dealing with it.

After welcoming the pupils, the class teacher takes the attendance. The teacher starts to call the girls out to arrange them for queuing purposes. She gave every pupil a number after arranging the pupils from short to tall. The pupils are later on asked to come out to introduce themselves based on the number called. The parents watching out there can’t help it but snapping photographs when their child’s turn. Some even came in to comfort their poor child that is crying out their eyes. Some even have snot and teardrops on their table.

Some of the method used today:

1. Use short, clear and precise instruction.

2. Be firm and stern when needed

3. Encourage the parent on leaving their child’s classroom as it will affects their concentration while some may be over pampered and cry all the time.

4. Persuade the pupils on not crying.

a. Tell the pupils that it is a waste of time and it is tiring.

b. Tell the pupils that it is pointless as the parent is not watching.

c. Suggest an alternative option.

d. Use peer.

e. Give her something of interest to do.

5. Asking the pupils to do something you want.

a. Tell it gently and nicely as they are afraid of new environments.

b. Ask the pupils why they don’t want to do it.

c. Give the benefits of doing it. ( It works fantastically for me.)

6. Asking questions on important things that they need to know.

7. Use repetition.

I hope to learn more about the pupils. I think that psychology plays an important role to deal things harmoniously.

Dialek

2011-08-14T17:54:00.000+08:00

Dialek

Difinisi

· Jenis bahasa yang digunakan dalam percakapan di sesuatu daerah @ bahagian negeri yg mempunyai pelat sebutan yang khas bagi daerah itu.

· Berbeza daripada sebutan-sebutan umum yang digunakan di negara ini.

· Wujud disebabkan oleh tempat yang berasingan – mempunyai sejarah perkembangan dlm aspek bahasa yang tersendiri.

Dialek yang terdapat di negara Malaysia

· Dialek Utara di Pulau Pinang, Kedah, Perlis dan Utara Perak

· Dialek Perak di Perak selain Utara Perak.

· Dialek Kelantan

· Dialek Terengganu

· Dialek KL (Bahasa Melayu basahan standard) di Kuala Lumpur, Selangor dan bandar bandar besar di Semenanjung Malaysia.

· Dialek Negeri di Negeri Sembilan

· Dialek Johor

· Dialek Melaka

· Dialek Sarawak

· Dialek Sabah

Ciri-ciri yang membezakan bahasa daerah

· Kepelatan bunyi sebutan

· Gaya lagu sewaktu menuturkannya

· Perbezaan dari segi perkataan & ungkapan-ungkapan tertentu;

· Contoh : 1) perkataan ‘pergi ’

o Kedah : pi

o Kelantan : gi

o N. Sembilan : poi [po^yi]

Perbezaan dalam penggunaan perkataan & frasa;

contoh :1) ‘layang-layang’ dengan ‘wau’

‘kelmarin’ dengan ‘semalam’

2) penggunaan kata ganti nama;

cth : ‘awak’

(i) Kelantan : demo

(ii) Kedah : hang

(iii) Sarawak : kitak

· Kerana ada perbezaan dialek yang amat ketara, kadang kala penutur bahasa Melayu dari dialek tertentu tidak dapat mamahami penutur dialek yang lain terutama sekali dialek Kelantan, Sarawak dan Sabah.

Bahasa Rasmi

2011-08-13T17:49:00.000+08:00

Pengenalan

• Bahasa yang digunakan dalam semua bentuk situasi yang rasmi atau formal

• Digunakan dalam urusan-urusan rasmi seperti pentadbiran kerajaan, sistem pendidikan negara, urusan perniagaan, temuduga pekerjaan, mesyuarat, perundingan, seminar dan sebagainya

• Terdapat dalam bahasa tulisan dan juga lisan

• Zaaba menggunakan istilah “bahasa surat” untuk merujuk jenis bahasa ini

• Tidak semestinya dipilih daripada bahasa tempatan

• Boleh dipilih daripada bahasa asing

• Bahasa kebangsaan biasanya satu bagi setiap negara, tetapi bahasa rasmi tidak demikian

• Bahasa rasmi boleh lebih daripada satu, mungkin dua, tiga atau empat bagi sesebuah negara

• India

• Di India, bahasa Inggeris diberi status sebagai bahasa rasmi

• Mengelakkan perbalahan kaum yang masing-masing mahukan bahasa mereka dijadikan bahasa rasmi

• Malaysia

• Di Malaysia, sebelum merdeka dan pada awal kemerdekaan, bahasa Inggeris menjadi bahasa rasmi

• Kemudian, bahasa Melayu mengambil alih fungsi bahasa Inggeris

• Bahasa Melayu sebagai bahasa rasmi yang pertama, manakala bahasa Inggeris menjadi bahasa rasmi yang kedua

• Pada tahun 1967, bahasa Melayu menjadi bahasa rasmi yang tunggal

• Bahasa Melayu, dan bukan bahasa lain, digunakan sebagai bahasa rasmi kerana beberapa sebab:

• Bahasa Melayu sudah menjadi bahasa kebangsaan dan berupaya mengambil alih fungsi Bahasa Inggeris, maka layaklah Bahasa Melayu dijadikan bahasa rasmi

• Bahasa Melayu juga dapat difahami oleh semua kaum di negara ini, maka dalam urusan rasmi, rakyat tidak menghadapi masalah menggunakan Bahasa Melayu

Ciri-ciri

• Bahasa rasmi ini menyerupai bahasa baku dalam Bahasa Melayu

• Ayat-ayat dan perkataan yang digunakan adalah mengikut struktur bahasa Melayu yang lazim digunakan

• Kependekan perkataan yang lazimnya terdapat dalam bahasa tidak rasmi tidak digunakan

• Imbuhan dalam perkataan dan struktur ayatnya dijaga dengan rapi

• Dalam temuduga umpamanya, perkataan dan ayat yang dipertuturkan oleh orang yang ditemuduga haruslah tepat dan tidak berunsur bahasa tidak rasmi

• Dalam penulisan, penggunaan ayat dan perkataan yang lengkap amat perlu untuk mengelakkan kekeliruan pembaca

Contoh

BAHASA RASMI	BAHASA TIDAK RASMI
tiada	tidak, tak, tak ada
hanya	cuma
demikian	begitu, begini
lihat	tengok
seperti	macam
apabila	bila
oleh	dek
oleh sebab itu	sebab itu

Bahasa Pijin (Pasar)

2011-08-12T17:44:00.000+08:00

Pengenalan

Merupakan bahasa kacukan yang belum mantap.

Terdapat bahasa pijin yang berasaskan bahasa Inggeris, bahasa Sepanyol, bahasa Portugis, bahasa arab dan bahasa Swahili.

kadang² disebut sebagai bahasa pertembungan @ bahasa pinggiran.

Bahasa pijin yang mantap akan menjadi bahasa kreol apabila penutur-penuturnya membentuk komuniti tersendiri & menuturkan bahasa tersebut sebagai bahasa ibunda mereka.

Wujud dalam pertembungan antara manusia di pasar & pusat perniagaan.

Sifat- sifat

• Pijin tidak mempunyai penutur asli tetapi digunakan sebagai bahasa perantaraan komunikasi antara orang yang merupakan penutur asli bahasa lain.

• Pijin diasaskan pada ciri linguistik satu atau lebih bahasa lain dan merupakan bahasa yang dipermudah, dengan kosa kata & struktur tatabahasa yang dikurangkan.

• Contoh: Pengunaan Gua menggantikan saya (ganti diri orang pertama) dan `lu' (ganti diri nama kedua).

• Menggunakan banyak sebagai kata penguat, contoh: banyak cantik.

• Kerap menggunakan perkataan `punya' , contoh: dia punya barang, apa punya budak.

PERBEZAAN BAHASA PIJIN & BAHASA KREOL

	BAHASA PIJIN	BAHASA KREOL
1.	Bahasa kacukan yang belum mantap	Bahasa kacukan yang sudah mantap
2.	Tiada penuturnya yang menggunakan bahasa itu sebagai bahasa pertama(bahasa ibunda)	Mempunyai penuturnya tersenidiri yang menuturkannya sebagai bahasa ibunda.
3.	Pola bahasa pijin sukar untuk dikenal pasti.	Pola bahasa kreol boleh dikenal pasti.

Colouring

2011-08-10T21:35:00.000+08:00

Colouring is something routine for primary school children especially year 1 and 2. Some seemed to like it while some not. Once in a while, I got tempted to colour the pictures with them. I meant they are really excited when they saw how I coloured mine. I used tone and hues to make it more interesting. Some actually imitates them. Some said “teacher, colouring seem to get more interesting.” Now I am totally hype up to teach them on different techniques in colouring, although I was equally bad. Hey! Let’s learn together. There is nothing to lose as long as we have the passion and motivation.

Below are some of my year 2 pupil’s works.

P.S: My pupils are poisoned by Angry Bird. Whatever they draw it turns out to be angry bird character.

Learning Challenge 101

2011-08-10T18:11:00.000+08:00

Seriously, after ending up as a newbie teacher I was slacking all along. Hence, I come up with a daily challenge to write a blog a day on what I had learnt today. What do you think?

Bahasa Kreol

2011-08-10T17:59:00.002+08:00

Definisi

Bahasa Kreol adalah bahasa kacukan yang sudah mantap.

Merupakan kacukan sekurang-kurangnya dua bahasa. Contohnya;

i. Bahasa Baba - struktur ayatnya campuran Cina dan Melayu.

- sebahagian besar perbendaharaan katanya adalah Melayu.

ii. Bahasa Portugis - struktur ayatnya campuran Portugis Melaka dan Melayu.

- sebahagian besar perbendaharaan katanya adalah bahasa Portugis abad ke-16.

Biasanya sistem dan struktur dan bahasa Kreol bercampur aduk. Perbendaharaan katanya memperlihatkan pengaruh yang lebih besar daripada salah satu bahasa dibandingkan dengan yang lain, dan bahasa yang menjadi sumber paling besar bagi perbendaharaan kata diambil sebagai nama untuk bahasa Kreol berkenaan.

Apa yang dimaksudkan dengan “sudah mantap” di sini adalah bahasa itu sudah mempunyai penuturnya tersendiri yang menuturkannya sebagai bahasa ibunda atau bahasa pertama. Bahkan bahasa itu sudah memperlihatkan adanya sistem dan struktur yang tersendiri.

Bahasa Kreol adalah keturunan dari bahasa Pidgin yang menjadi bahasa ibu bagi sekelompok orang yang berasal dari latar belakang berbeda-beda.

Kajian umum menunjukkan (khususnya yang dilakukan oleh Derek Bickerton) bahwa bahasa-bahasa kreol yang ada di dunia menunjukkan adalah kesamaan, khususnya dari segi tata bahasa yang mengarah pada teori Tata bahasa universal.

Bahasa Kreol ini juga dipengaruhi oleh kosakata-kosakata yang dibawa oleh para penuturnya.

Bahasa Kreol berkembang karena sebab berikut :

Berkumpulnya berbagai orang dari latar belakang yang berbeda, maksudnya: di suatu daerah, terjadi kontak antara penduduk asli dan pendatang yang satu sama lain berbeda bahasa. Dari sini kemudian digunakan sarana komunikasi yang terdiri dari bahasa dominan, namun terpengaruh oleh kosakata-kosakata bawaan dari orang-orang tersebut.

Pada mulanya bahasa inilah yang disebut Pidgin, dengan kosakata yang sangat sederhana. Namun, ketika mengalami proses kreolisasi, tata bahasanya mengalami perkembangan sehingga menjadi bahasa yang stabil dan terpisah dari bahasa induknya. Sebagian besar bahasa Kreol ini berakar dari bahasa-bahasa Indo-Eropa sebagai bahasa dasarnya.

Berikut merupakan bahsa kreol yang dikenali

Kreol Arab

Ki Nubi
Arab Juba
Arab Babalia

Kreol Perancis

Kreol Haiti
Kreol Louisiana
Kreol Mauritius
Seselwa

Kreol Inggris

Bislama
Tok Pisin
Krio
Pitcairn
Sranang Tongo
Kreol Miskito
Kreol Rama Cay

Kreol Melayu

Betawi
Melayu Ambon
Melayu Manado
Melayu Ternate
Melayu Banda
Melayu Kupang
Melayu Larantuka

Kreol Spanyol

Chavacano
Palenquero

Kreol Portugis

Papiamento
Macao
Burgher
Kreol Tanjung Verde
Kreol India
Sao Tome
Fa d'Ambo
Crioulo
Papia Kristang

Laras Bahasa Melayu

2011-08-10T17:55:00.000+08:00

DEFINISI

• Laras – Kamus Dewan

– Nada, tala

– Bulat lurus, bulat panjang

– Daerah (di Minangkabau)

– Samar-samar

– Jatuh dengan sendirinya, luruh

• Laras bahasa

– Variasi bahasa berdasarkan penggunaan; klasik, sains - Kamus Dewan

– Ragam bahasa – Kamus Dewan

– Register – Kamus IM Dewan

– Penanda suara, ragam bahasa – PT Gramedia

– Kelainan bahasa untuk tujuan tertentu menurut bidang, bentuk, dan cara wacana – Kamus Linguistik DBP

– Penggunaan atau gaya penyampaian; cara penggunaan tajuk/wacana

– Pola penggunaan bahasa yang lazim digunakan dalam keadaaan tertentu – Ure & Ellis

– Variasi bahasa berdasarkan fungsi – Halliday

– Pilihan bahasa berdasarkan topik, latar, serta jarak sosial antara penutur – Saville-Troike

JENIS-JENIS LARAS BAHASA MELAYU

– • Laras formal

– • Laras ilmiah

– • Laras sains

– • Laras muzik

– • Laras matematik

– • Laras geografi

– • Laras ekonomi

– • Laras sukan

– • Laras politik

– • Laras agama

– • Laras bahasa mesyuarat

– • Laras laporan

– • Laras kreatif

– • Laras iklan

Jenis-jenis laras Bahasa Melayu

• Laras formal

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam situasi rasmi seperti ucapan dalam majlis, pengajaran dan pembelajaran di dalam bilik darjah atau kuliah, dan dalam perbincangan seperti forum

– Cth:

• “Pada fikiran saya, tuan-tuan harus mengambil langkah awal dengan seberapa segera yang boleh sebelum masalah ini menjadi lebih rumit lagi.”

• “Saya cadangkan awak menyemak nota-nota yang telah diberikan sebelum ujian minggu hadapan.”

• “Sila berikan pandangan saudara tentang isu ini.”

• Laras ilmiah

– Bahasa yang digunakan untuk memperkatakan bidang akademik sama ada secara lisan atau secara bertulis

–

• Cth:

• Walaupun dalam perbicangan tadi telah dibentang fakta-fakta berkaitan isu remaja masa kini, namun terdapat beberapa fenomena sosial yang turut menyumbang kepada permasalahan itu, yang perlu diberikan perhatian oleh pihak-pihak yang berkenaan.

• Berasaskan dapatan kajian, terbukti bahawa peranan dan tanggungjawab masyarakat amat penting dalam menentukan keharmonian negara terus terpelihara sebagaimana yang dicita-citakan oleh oleh kerajaaan.

• Laras sains

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam bidang sains dan teknologi

• Cth:

– Organ digerakkan oleh tisu-tisu yang giat bekerja. Tisu-tisu ini pula dibina daripada sel-sel hidup yang menjalankan peranan masing-masing.

– Impuls yang tiba di sinaps akan melalui bahan kimia bagi membolehkan impuls bergerak dalam satu arah sahaja.

• Laras politik

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam bidang politik

• Cth:

– Majlis tertinggi akan mencadangkan beberapa nama kepada pucuk pimpinan sebelum

diputuskan calon yang paling layak.

– SPR telah memutuskan bahawa writ pengundi yang telah digunapakai semasa pilihanraya yang lalu digunakan untuk pilihanraya kecil dewan undangan negeri tersebut.

• Laras agama

– Bahasa yang digunakan untuk mengungkap hal-hal keagamaaan

• Cth:

– Ulama ada mengatakan bahawa sifat maksum itu tidak menghalangi datangnya ujian.

– Baginda selalu menekankan urusan ketuhanan sehingga bagi Rasulullah, solat adalah saat-saat yang menyenangkannya, puasa adalah penghibur jiwanya

• Laras ekonomi

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam sektor ekonomi; jual-beli, perbankan, pasaran saham

• Cth:

– Pihak berkuasa pasaran telah mengenakan status sekuriti bertanda kepada saham dan waran yang mencatatjanb kenaikan mendadak dalam dagangan cergas untuk menjaga

kepentingan pasaran.

– Serangan spekulatif lebih terarah kepada mata wang terlebih nilai dengan

begitu ketara.

– Syarikat ini berasa yakin bahawa masih banyak ruang pasaran yang boleh diterokai menerusi pengenalan produk baru pada harga yang kompetitif.

• Laras sukan

– Bahasa yang sering digunakan untuk membuat liputan sukan atau menulis

tentang bidang kesukanan

• Cth:

– Merah Kuning buru bintang dari Brazil

– Mafa percaya kehadiran anak asal negeri Hang Tuah oleh diibaratkan seperti ‘sirih pulang ke gagang’ sekali gus mampu memantapkan skuad Kancil

– Empat pasukan teratas zon Amerika Selatan layak automatik manakala skuad kelima perlu menangkis asakan Australia dalam perlawanan playoff untuk ke Jepun danm Korea Selatan.

• Laras perundangan

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam urusan mahkamah, dan perundangan sivil serta syariah

• Cth:

– Mahkamah telah memerintahkan supaya afidavit mengenai pernyataan-pernyataan dalam petisyen dan petisyen pemiutang itu disampaikan ke atas kamu dengan menampalkan sesalinannya berserta salinan perintah untuk penyampaian ganti di papan kenyataan mahkamah tinggi.

– Pembelaan yang akan dikemukakan adalah tertuduh tidak melakukan pembunuhan dengan niat seperti yang didakwa terhadapnya mengikut Seksyen 302 Kanun Keseksaan.

• Laras matematik

– Bahasa khusus yang digunakan dalam bidang matematik

• Cth:

– Luas di bawah graf memberi nilai bagi jarak yang dilalui dalam suatu tempoh

masa tertentu.

– Rajah di atas menunjukkan sebuah pepejal berbentuk kuboid dengan dua

bahagian yang berkeratan rentas semibulatan dikeluarkan.

– Lukiskan satu garis lurus pada graf anda untuk mencari semua nilai x dalam

julat.

• Laras iklan

– Bahasa yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan pengiklanan barangan

atau perkhidmatan

• Cth:

– Saya mahukan lebih dari sesuatu yang istimewa, saya mahukan komitmen.

– Sebidang tanah perumahan terakhir di Taman Dagang.

– Dengan Kad Berita Harian Buyfly, kami dah merancang mengelilingi dunia.

– Mencelah ke kiri dan ke kanan boleh mengakibatkan kehilangan nyawa anda.

– Dah ada can naik roller coaster, kawan-kawan pula entah ke mana.

• Laras kreatif

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam bidang seni kreatif; penulisan puisi, lirik, cerpen, novel, drama, kritikan, memoir.

• Cth:

– Kring…bunyi loceng yang membingitkan telinga memecah keheningan awal pagi nirwana yang nyengat.

– “Malam ni, lepas Isyak, ayah nak ke rumah dia. Nak ajar dia sikit. Baru dia tahu langit tu tinggi ke rendah.” Suara sengau ayah berkumandang lagi setelah membatukan diri sejenak.

– Jalan-jalan raya kotaku adalah gelanggang kebuasan perlumbaan kebiadaban. Para pesakit kemanusiaan semakin mandul pada penghujung musim.

Msybbm3301

• Laras bahasa mesyuarat

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam urusan mesyuarat; surat panggilan mesyuarat, pengendalian mesyuarat dan pelaporan mesyuarat.

• Cth:

– Dengan segala hormatnya, saya merujuk perkara di atas, dan memaklumkan bahawa mesyuarat tersebut akan diadakan pada hari Isnin, 7 Januari 2002, jam 8.30 pagi di Gapura Fansuri.

– Seterusnya kita masuk ke agenda kedua iaitu perkara berbangkit.

– Tindakan semua anggota jawatan kuasa.

• Laras geografi

– Bahasa yang digunakan dalam bidang geografi.

• Cth:

– Bentuk muka bumi Cameron Highlands serta kedudukannya tinggi dari dari aras

laut, menjadikan suhunya lebih rendah berbanding tanah dataran.

– Bagi negara-negara yang mengalami empat musim, matahari sentiasa beralih-alih mengikut peredaran bumi mengelilingi matahari serta putaran bumi pada di paksinya.

– Pola sungai dikawasan tadahan hujan itu menjadi salah satu faktor air tidak dapat disalirkan dengan berkesan untuk mengelakkan banjir.

• Laras laporan

– Bentuk bahasa yang digunakan dalam membuat laporan seperti liputan akhbar, liputan media elektronik, dan laporan pembentangan seminar.

• Cth:

– Bangkok, Rabu – Seorang lelaki dan anak perempuannya berusia tiga tahun mati terkena kejutan elektrik selepas bersandar terlalu dekat dengan pagar elektrik yang dipasang untuk mengelakkan pencuri melarikan ayam sabungnya.

– Tiga sekeluarga yang disyaki pembawa virus HIV dapat dipulihkan sepenuhnya daripada jangkitan AIDS; Karum Singh melaporkan untuk Buletin Penting.

– Para peserta turut menggesa supaya memorandum tersebut disampaikan kepada

pihak berkenaan secepat mungkin.

Faktor Pewujudan

Laras Bahasa

• Halliday (1968)

– Tajuk wacana (field of discourse)

– Cara penyampaian wacana (mode of discourse)

– Gaya wacana (style of discourse)

• Ure & Ellis (1977)

– Cara penyampaian

• Bertulis, lisan, bahasa isyarat

– Perhubungan sosial dan peribadi

• Hubungan peribadi, hubungan tidak pasti (penulis&pembaca)

– Bahan yang diperkatakan

– Fungsi sosial bahasa

• Upacara nikah kahwin, pidato politikMsybbm3301

Ciri-ciri Laras

Bahasa Melayu

• Aspek-aspek linguistik

– Perbendaharaan kata

• Istilah baru

• Kata umum menjadi istilah

• Kata-kata yang tepat dan berkesan

– Tatabahasa

• Jenis ayat

• Susunan ayat

• Kegramatisan ayat

• Aspek non bahasa

– Fitur paralinguistik

• Intonasi, mimik muka, gestur, postur

– Motif berbahasa

• Penyebaran maklumat

• Menarik perhatian

• Memujuk