<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981</id><updated>2024-09-09T21:10:53.873-04:00</updated><category term="Crítica Social"/><category term="Levinas"/><category term="Filosofía contemporánea"/><category term="Filosofia Antigua y Medieval"/><category term="Catequesis"/><category term="ATEÍSMO CONTEMPORÁNEO"/><category term="Filosofía de la Ciencia"/><category term="Antropología Filosófica"/><category term="Historia Antigua y Medieval"/><category term="Filosofía Moderna"/><category term="Pensamiento Latinoamericano"/><category term="Filosofía Social"/><category term="Social criticism"/><category term="Teodicea"/><category term="Ética"/><category term="Historia Dominicana"/><category term="Historia Moderna y Contemporánea"/><category term="Living in Santa Cruz"/><category term="Historia Social Latinoamericana"/><category term="Teología"/><category term="Introducción a la filosofía"/><category term="Latinos en EEUU"/><category term="Philosophy of science"/><category term="Estética"/><category term="Immanuel Kant"/><category term="Living in Humboldt University"/><category term="Metafísica"/><category term="Opinión"/><category term="Pensamiento Dominicano"/><category term="Pensum Lic Humanidades y Filosofía Pensum INTEC Rep Dom"/><category term="Personal"/><category term="Philosophy Anthropology"/><category term="Politica Social"/><category term="civil society"/><category term="development"/><category term="good governance"/><category term="social capital"/><category term="world bank"/><title type='text'>Filosofía y Humanidades</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>229</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-7799849084450467152</id><published>2012-01-27T22:24:00.001-04:00</published><updated>2012-01-27T22:27:03.609-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="civil society"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="development"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="good governance"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="social capital"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="world bank"/><title type='text'>Social Capital, Good Governance, Civil Society and NGOs; an alternative path to Development</title><content type='html'>These&lt;br /&gt;week´s readings bring us closer to the answer that probably most of us have&lt;br /&gt;been waiting for since we began reading Theories&lt;br /&gt;of Development by Peet and Hartwick. These authors, after more than 282&lt;br /&gt;pages describing and criticizing neoliberal and alternatives paths to&lt;br /&gt;development finally take the side of a specific position. That side is called social democratic development, “a revitalized […] state model [that] has shown it can produce growth with equity”, Peet and Hartwick (2009, p. 284). In order to get a better understand on this alternative theory,&lt;br /&gt;the readings offer, in addition to the Part III of the textbook, several excerpts&lt;br /&gt;that broadly describe the terms of social capital, good governance, civil&lt;br /&gt;society and NGOs. These terms are necessary in order to get a better&lt;br /&gt;understanding of what Peet and Hartwick call social democratic development. In&lt;br /&gt;this review I will mainly focus on the excerpts from Companion to Development Studies, Desai and Potter (2002, pp.&lt;br /&gt;132-135 and 516-538). At the end of the review I will return to Peet and Hartwick´s&lt;br /&gt;ideas to provide a homogeneous and most generalize view of these week´s&lt;br /&gt;readings.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;            The concept of social capital refers to the qualities that are inherent or can be&lt;br /&gt;derived from people´s social relationship. Information, reputation and credit&lt;br /&gt;are just few examples of this capital. Social capital takes into account how human&lt;br /&gt;relationships affect the economic, social and political life of society. The&lt;br /&gt;importance of social capital is that, since it can be considered as a resource&lt;br /&gt;like money, land or even the market “it can be used to enhance one´s wealth and&lt;br /&gt;status, to marginalize others, or both”, Desai and Potter (2002, p. 133). Social&lt;br /&gt;capital can also be used for development professionals as a way of&lt;br /&gt;incorporating their commitments and goals into different networks and&lt;br /&gt;organizations. These organizations, as part of the civil society, play an&lt;br /&gt;important role in improving livelihood conditions, the reduction of poverty and&lt;br /&gt;the defense of human rights.&lt;br /&gt;This last idea&lt;br /&gt;links us to another important concept on the construction of the social&lt;br /&gt;democratic development. That is civil&lt;br /&gt;society. This term has a long history and its definition has evolved with&lt;br /&gt;Roman, Lockean, Hegelian, Marxist and others. Since 1990s the term has been&lt;br /&gt;popularized for several international organizations including the World Bank.&lt;br /&gt;Civil society is defined as the third sector (the first two are the state and&lt;br /&gt;the market). “Civil society is [also] defined as a collective noun: synonymous&lt;br /&gt;with the voluntary sector, and with advocacy groups, non-governmental&lt;br /&gt;organizations (NGOs), social movement agents, human rights organizations and&lt;br /&gt;other actors explicitly involved in change work”, Desai and Potter (2002, p.&lt;br /&gt;521). This definition exclude any actor involve in the market place and the&lt;br /&gt;state, and also those groups interested in gaining political power (political&lt;br /&gt;parties). One of the most important key of civil society is its role as an&lt;br /&gt;entity that can limit, oppose and complement the role of the state. Furthermore&lt;br /&gt;the universalization of human rights, global warming, terrorism, drug&lt;br /&gt;trafficking and the idea that foreign actors, in a globalized word can act on&lt;br /&gt;the transgression of rights in other countries, have increased the notion that&lt;br /&gt;these kind of transborder activities “are no longer seen to belong to the&lt;br /&gt;governments that govern the territory in which they take place”. This loss of&lt;br /&gt;sovereignty of the state reaffirms the role of the civil society. Besides, this&lt;br /&gt;leaking away of sovereignty and the&lt;br /&gt;increase of implications of the civil society demonstrate that nowadays the&lt;br /&gt;legitimacy of the state has become less certain.&lt;br /&gt;After some&lt;br /&gt;interesting approach to civil society, the book Companion to Development Studies offers us several essays regarding&lt;br /&gt;the role and actions of NGOs and how these are an important part of the social democratic path to development. “The&lt;br /&gt;term NGO refer to those autonomous, non-membership, relatively permanent or&lt;br /&gt;institutionalized intermediary organizations, staffed by professionals or the&lt;br /&gt;educate, which work with grass-roots organizations in a supportive capacity” Desai&lt;br /&gt;and Potter (2002, p. 525). The humanitarian actions of NGOs nowadays include&lt;br /&gt;poverty reduction, environmental sustainability, gender equality and democracy.&lt;br /&gt;Since its creation, NGOs have evolved from being organizations which receive&lt;br /&gt;blind founds and resources from North to South to a more systematic and&lt;br /&gt;controlled concession of founds that include the “establishment of research&lt;br /&gt;departments and policy units in Northern NGOs”.  NGOs can provide assistance to different&lt;br /&gt;sectors of the society. (1) They can help governments to have more effective and well-targeted social programs. (2) The&lt;br /&gt;media generally trust the local knowledge and alternative perspective that they&lt;br /&gt;offer. (3) The citizens have in NGOs an opportunity to express their voice and&lt;br /&gt;challenge authority. (4) The parliamentarians can obtain policy guidance for&lt;br /&gt;what people really want, and “as watchdogs in monitoring public programmes and&lt;br /&gt;enhancing the accountability of officials”. In another words, NGOs have become&lt;br /&gt;in our current time a key part in the construction of the civil society,&lt;br /&gt;democracy, social capital and good governance.&lt;br /&gt;The final concept&lt;br /&gt;I will discuss is good governance. Good&lt;br /&gt;governance is a democratic and decentralized way to conceive the&lt;br /&gt;administration, accountability and the decision making of the government and&lt;br /&gt;the state. Good governance implicate “restructuring state bureaucracies,&lt;br /&gt;reforming legal systems, supporting democratic decentralization and creating&lt;br /&gt;accountability-enhancing civil societies” Desai and Potter (2002, p. 516). It&lt;br /&gt;is important to notice that good governance is not possible without civil&lt;br /&gt;society and NGOs.&lt;br /&gt;Assessments,&lt;br /&gt;Critiques, Self-experience and Conclusions&lt;br /&gt;Peet and Hartwick’s&lt;br /&gt;ideas for the conclusion of their book really have gained my support. In fact,&lt;br /&gt;I was not expecting [notice that the book does not have a chapter called&lt;br /&gt;conclusion] that at the end they will finally take a clear position on how to&lt;br /&gt;achieve development. However, I have to admit that the few examples they bring&lt;br /&gt;to illustrate the democratic development alternative – Venezuela and Cuba –&lt;br /&gt;really shocked me. These authors should remember that whenever the collective&lt;br /&gt;is more important than each particular human being - in order to control the general&lt;br /&gt;will - the state will ended up falling into repression and authoritarianism.&lt;br /&gt;With this phrase I´m not saying anything new. The winner of Nobel Prize in Economics&lt;br /&gt;Milton Friedman was among the first to analyze this relationship between &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/ipe/friedman.htm&quot;&gt;Economic&lt;br /&gt;and Political Freedom&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;br /&gt;If the neoliberalism&lt;br /&gt;system have failed because the economic growth and the market have been considered&lt;br /&gt;more relevant to development than the people itself, the Cuban and Venezuelan&lt;br /&gt;socialism has failed because the collective and the state have took the&lt;br /&gt;self-conscious of the citizens trying to develop what they think is the best&lt;br /&gt;for them (this sounds like an argument we already heard in class). On one hand,&lt;br /&gt;the low illiteracy of Cuban citizens, their good health system and the US&lt;br /&gt;embargo are no enough argument to talk about a successful development. How can&lt;br /&gt;that be development with Cuba´s clear &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2010/04/28/cuba-way-forward&quot;&gt;violations&lt;br /&gt;of human rights&lt;/a&gt;? On the other hand, the economic&lt;br /&gt;growth of Venezuela - and I have to admit, at least in the beginning of that&lt;br /&gt;dictatorship, the distribution of the wealth among the poorest of that society was&lt;br /&gt;unprecedented - is no the total part of the story. Corruption, the title of one&lt;br /&gt;of the most &lt;a href=&quot;http://internationalliving.com/2010/04/23-haiti-venezuela-latin-security-index/&quot;&gt;dangerous&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;countries of Latin America, an economy failing deeper into &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/04/28/AR2010042805712.html&quot;&gt;recession&lt;/a&gt;,&lt;br /&gt;the lack of freedom of speech and the support of international &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/05/17/AR2008051702280.html&quot;&gt;terrorist&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;groups such as Las FARC and ETA, are some examples that allow me to say that&lt;br /&gt;Venezuela is the worst example to illustrate a social democratic alternative. In&lt;br /&gt;fact, I expect that a third edition of Peet and Hartwick´s book will have a deeply&lt;br /&gt;re-edition of page 284. This because Venezuelan´s case is a self-contradiction&lt;br /&gt;of what these authors call social democratic development.&lt;br /&gt;  In&lt;br /&gt;reference to the role of NGOs in the democratic construction of a better&lt;br /&gt;society from my own experience, I will say that the work of NGOs is necessary&lt;br /&gt;but their achievements, most of the time, are slowly as a drip of honey. In&lt;br /&gt;2008, working for an NGO called Centro Montalvo, I was responsible for drafting&lt;br /&gt;the final report of a research sponsored by Intermon Oxfam and the European&lt;br /&gt;Union. The title of the research was Civil&lt;br /&gt;Society´s incidence in the National Budget of the Dominican Republic 1995-2008.  In short words the results of the&lt;br /&gt;investigation showed that in 13 years of Dominican civil society´s incidence in&lt;br /&gt;the national budget, the achievements were very few. The more relevant, as I&lt;br /&gt;remember, was the 2007 campaign of Centro Montalvo advocating for an investment&lt;br /&gt;of 4% of the GDP in education.  Because&lt;br /&gt;of the campaign, in that year the investment in education was increased from&lt;br /&gt;1.5% to 1.7%. As Desay argues “there is a lack of reliable evidence on the&lt;br /&gt;impact of NGO´s development projects and programmes”, Desai and Potter (2002, p.&lt;br /&gt;529).&lt;br /&gt;Another vision I&lt;br /&gt;would like to bring comes from that report as well. In one of our meetings,&lt;br /&gt;several members of the research team suggested to include in the theoretical&lt;br /&gt;framework of the research the role of individual actors as direct&lt;br /&gt;representatives of the civil society. Being in charge of the final draft I was&lt;br /&gt;opposed to that idea. Mainly because individual actors most of the time are not&lt;br /&gt;subscribed to any organization. In that time I thought that individual voices&lt;br /&gt;do not represent the public opinion of a collective group. In other words, they&lt;br /&gt;should not be called part of the civil society. Well, I was wrong. In May 2007 a&lt;br /&gt;Spaniard priest called Christopher Hartley launched a documentary called &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.thepriceofsugar.com/trailer.shtml&quot;&gt;The Price of Sugar&lt;/a&gt;. This&lt;br /&gt;documentary denounced the complicity of the Dominican government and a private&lt;br /&gt;company with the exploitation of Haitian workers. The film was banned in DR and&lt;br /&gt;also provoked the expulsion of the priest from my country. The documentary&lt;br /&gt;caused controversy at the international level, affecting the Dominican&lt;br /&gt;Republic&#39;s image abroad. The film also caused that an UN committee visited DR&lt;br /&gt;to address the allegations. Although the situation has not been solved, the&lt;br /&gt;Dominican government was encouraged to include in the national budged more investment&lt;br /&gt;for the regularization of Haitian workers. This example illustrate how individual&lt;br /&gt;actors, members of the civil society, even not enrolled in a particular NGO can&lt;br /&gt;also play a preponderant position in the construction of the good governance,&lt;br /&gt;the defense of human rights and the construction of the social democratic&lt;br /&gt;development.&lt;br /&gt;Social democracy,&lt;br /&gt;as an alternative to development could have its dangers if there is not an&lt;br /&gt;authentic democracy. Which one? My understanding of democracy, most probably&lt;br /&gt;bias for my studies in Spain, is the next one. Democracy is a system of values. It is not only about&lt;br /&gt;elections and indirect representation of the power through the parliament and&lt;br /&gt;the executive. Democracy also implicates the alternation and separation of&lt;br /&gt;powers of the state, the universal respect of the rule of law, the existence of&lt;br /&gt;a multiparty system and the protection of human rights. In accordance with this&lt;br /&gt;definition, Venezuela – the luxury example brought by Peet and Hartwick – is&lt;br /&gt;not a democracy. It is true that the path to good governance and democracy is&lt;br /&gt;not easy, and there is not a single way to achieve it. In fact, I´m not that&lt;br /&gt;blind to believe that democracy is a perfect system. Let´s remember that it was&lt;br /&gt;within a democratic system that Hitler and Mussolini took power. Yet, within all&lt;br /&gt;the possible criticism, democracy has given better results than any other&lt;br /&gt;political system. In this way, the social democratic alternative should be&lt;br /&gt;guided by a social compromise that includes the equal participation of the&lt;br /&gt;civil society, the state, and every citizen that is compromised with the construction&lt;br /&gt;of a better world. Mainly&lt;br /&gt;because “democracy and human rights will prove elusive&lt;br /&gt;without social justice and sustainable development”, UNDP (1998).</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/7799849084450467152/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/7799849084450467152' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/7799849084450467152'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/7799849084450467152'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2012/01/social-capital-good-governance-civil.html' title='Social Capital, Good Governance, Civil Society and NGOs; an alternative path to Development'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-3495529081607541838</id><published>2010-05-01T07:42:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2010-05-01T07:53:33.151-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crítica Social"/><title type='text'>¿Integración, Migración y Choque de Civilizaciones?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; 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name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;1&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;&gt; 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priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;&gt; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;60&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;61&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;62&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;63&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;64&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;65&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;66&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;67&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt; 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	mso-footnote-continuation-separator:url(&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_header.htm&quot;) fcs; 	mso-endnote-separator:url(&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_header.htm&quot;) es; 	mso-endnote-continuation-separator:url(&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO~1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_header.htm&quot;) ecs;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Tabla normal&quot;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;El debate sobre migración, dignidad humana e integración ha dirigido nuestra investigación a que toquemos, brevemente, una realidad que permea la palestra político - social que están viviendo varios países Occidentales, más propiamente Estados Unidos y algunos de Europa. Estos países, ubicados entre los que mayor número de inmigrantes poseen en su territorio,&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; están teniendo que lidiar con el tema de la integración de las migraciones orientales (islámicas) que se fueron recibiendo en la segunda mitad del s. XX y que varios años después se han convertido en constante fuente de debate político y social por lo complejo que resulta el abordaje del tema. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Debido a la innegable amenaza que hoy en día representa el terrorismo internacional y el fundamentalismo religioso en todas sus&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;manifestaciones, la diversidad e integración desde la perspectiva migratoria - por causa de interpretaciones atadas al miedo - está dejando de ser vista como un incremento de pluralidad que puede dialogar con las otras culturas, y está comenzado a ser vista como “el anuncio de un conflicto más que potencial”.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Josep Cobo lo plantea como una &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;diversidad beligerante&lt;/i&gt; &lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; y Samuel Huntington como un &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;choque de civilizaciones.&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Aunque muy debatida y criticada, la teoría que Samuel Huntington propuso a principios de los 90, denominada &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;choque de civilizaciones &lt;/i&gt;adquirió a principios del S. XXI gran importancia en el debate político en el marco de la globalización, el tema de las migraciones y el terrorismo internacional. Los ataques terroristas del 11S en Nueva York, el 11M en Madrid y el 7J en Londres sólo fueron la chispa de una realidad que, queramos o no, hacen referencia a la teoría que este sociólogo y politólogo neoyorquino nos planteó.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Destacamos que aunque el debate sobre el &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;choque de civilizaciones&lt;/i&gt; hace referencia al terrorismo internacional, de ninguna manera se limita a este, sino que más aún, toca el confrontamiento de los valores de las culturas. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Los valores democráticos de igualdad, libertad de expresión e igualdad de género que hoy en día Occidente considera como socialmente aceptados y “obvios”, para algunos miembros de las comunidades islámicas no terminan de estar del todo aceptados. De hecho, &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12pt 0cm 0.0001pt 36pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 150%;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;…del análisis del conflicto plural religioso en la ex Yugoslavia, Huntington extrae la conclusión de que es la islámica la civilización más problemática, demográfica y valorativamente, aunque habrá que mantener especial atención sobre la India y China, que se convertirán en superpotencias económicas.&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn4&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Resumiendo brevemente la teoría de Huntington, recordamos que este autor considera que después de los conflictos sociales y económicos, cuya razón principal eran la expansión económica, militar y geográfica de las potencias mundiales a través del uso de la guerra, el choque de civilizaciones surgiría como una nueva fuente de conflicto mundial. Huntington plantea que cada civilización se define a sí mismo como una entidad cultural con unas tradiciones, origen, religión e historia propia. Por tal motivo, es en el momento en que las culturas toman conciencia de su diferencia con respecto a las demás civilizaciones cuando surge el enfrentamiento. La única forma de evitar que las fricciones se polaricen, considera, es logrando que las civilizaciones aprendan a convivir con las demás sin tener que recurrir a la asimilación, o mejor dicho, a su occidentalización. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;La teoría de Huntington ha sido ampliamente criticada por diversas razones ya que su división de las civilizaciones actuales &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;resulta simplista y muy generalizada si se toman en cuenta varios factores. El mundo islámico, por ejemplo, presenta varias fracturas étnicas entre indonesios, pakistaníes, turcos, persas y árabes y al mismo tiempo divisiones religiosas entre el sunismo y el chiismo. Cada grupo con diferentes perspectivas sobre el mundo de la religión. También se ha planteado que los valores occidentales son más fáciles de transmitir de lo que Huntington planteaba. Como muestra, países como India y Japón se convirtieron en democracias con éxito, mientras que por otro lado Occidente no ha sido constantemente democrático y plural. El nuevo escenario político latinoamericano es una prueba de ello. Si bien es cierto que muchos han visto en los atentados terroristas de principio del s. XXI una confirmación de las tesis de Huntington, también es cierto que los hechos llevados a cabo por un grupo de extremistas religiosos no son razones suficientes para generalizar y dar como válidas tales tesis; la política y la sociología han demostrado que los pueblos y los Estados prefieren coexistir amigablemente antes que beligerar entre ellos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;A pesar de las críticas a Huntington consideramos que algunos de sus planteamientos nos pueden ser útiles a la hora de analizar el tema de la integración, la migración y la dignidad de la persona humana. Esto sin necesidad de recurrir al extremo del choque de las civilizaciones - conflictos bélicos o terroristas - sino más bien enfocándonos en &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;asuntos que por menores que parezcan, friccionan la convivencia diaria entre el encuentro migratorio de oriente y occidente. Tomemos el caso del uso del velo islámico de las mujeres de origen oriental en Europa. Pensemos, por poner algunos ejemplos, en el debatido tema en España sobre Najwa Malha, la niña que se le prohibió ir a su escuela por intentar llevar el velo islámico;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn5&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref5&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; o en el caso de la propuesta de ley en Bélgica que prohíbe determinantemente el uso del velo integral en todos los espacios públicos&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn6&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref6&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; o en el caso del Elíseo&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn7&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref7&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;, en Francia, que planea quitar la nacionalidad francesa a un marido polígamo tras la policía multar a su mujer por conducir con el niqab.&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn8&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref8&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Aunque podríamos enumerar muchos casos más, los ya mencionados son un claro ejemplo de la delgada línea que separa la asimilación cultural, la integración, la libertad religiosa y el respeto hacia los valores de las culturas que acogen al migrante. El debate político-social entre asimilación y convivencia, al menos en Europa, se va tornando cada vez más acalorado. Al mismo tiempo más de la mitad de los ciudadanos europeos, 52%, según datos de la encuesta European Mindset&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftn9&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref9&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; (2010), se opone a la libre expresión religiosa islámica a través del uso del velo frente al 54% que aprueba la exhibición de cruces en los centros educativos. Más allá de que el uso del velo simbolice discriminación hacia la mujer para la mayoría de los occidentales, el tema se vuelve más polémico cuando se plantea desde la coerción de la libertad religiosa que es precisamente uno de los principales valores de Occidente. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-top: 12pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;Aunque las discusiones sobre el choque de civilizaciones pueden llegar a desencadenar argumentos para justificar confrontaciones bélicas o terroristas, el peligro mayor radica en que en Occidente, y principalmente en Europa, el deseo y las mejores intenciones en pos de la integración se comiencen a ver fraguadas por fundamentaciones ideológicas basadas en el miedo, la intolerancia y el desconocimiento de la cultura que se recibe. Estos fenómenos precisamente, son una amenaza para el respeto de la dignidad humana y ponen en riesgo inexcusablemente al migrante y las garantías y los derechos que le atañan como persona.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-MX&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;   &lt;hr size=&quot;1&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot;&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn1&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Informe de Naciones Unidas titulado: &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Previsiones sobre población mundial. &lt;/i&gt;Aparece en: http://soldechicago.com/index.php?news=354&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn2&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Encuentro con expertos en Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Dimensión Personal de la Integración. &lt;/i&gt;La Casa de España. Madrid. 2007. P. 25&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn3&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Huntington, Samuel P. &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;El choque de civilizaciones y la re-configuración del orden mundial. &lt;/i&gt;Paidos Ibérica. Barcelona. 2005&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn4&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref4&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Valcárcel, Amelia. &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Choque de Civilizaciones. &lt;/i&gt;Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia. España. 2006. Publicado en &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;El País.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn5&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref5&quot; name=&quot;_ftn5&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Aparece en:&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;http://www.bbc.co.uk/mundo/internacional/2010/04/100428_1430_espana_islam_velo_mes.shtml&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn6&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref6&quot; name=&quot;_ftn6&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Aparece en: http://www.20minutos.es/noticia/692639/0/belgica/velo/integral/&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn7&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref7&quot; name=&quot;_ftn7&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Elíseo es el nombre del Palacio presidencial de la República Francesa.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn8&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref8&quot; name=&quot;_ftn8&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Aparece en: http://www.rtve.es/noticias/20100426/eliseo-planea-expulsar-francia-marido-poligamo-tras-multar-mujer-con-velo-integral/329062.shtml&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn9&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;&lt;a style=&quot;&quot; href=&quot;http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6656469792611014981&amp;amp;postID=3495529081607541838#_ftnref9&quot; name=&quot;_ftn9&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportFootnotes]--&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:11pt;&quot;   lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt; Aparece en: http://www.diariocritico.com/2010/Abril/europa/205337/europeos-encuesta-velo-islamico-religion.html&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;&quot;  lang=&quot;ES-TRAD&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;ftn9&quot;&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/3495529081607541838/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/3495529081607541838' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/3495529081607541838'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/3495529081607541838'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2010/05/integracion-migracion-y-choque-de.html' title='¿Integración, Migración y Choque de Civilizaciones?'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjcxCg-nrS2mxUJxL5PFtf2uxbPthCr7Sqez1lgxAkXqJ-9pwwM3q1OePDg8Y4eQyfdup7BRojvzpeU9RlxevvIfFo8kJgBGdgYayJ23w_4FpZv8V82OEWL3SwLkecUSbgAeFLc-bCrb4Gd/s72-c/clash_of_civilizations-755716.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6942627740392448823</id><published>2010-03-15T13:51:00.007-04:00</published><updated>2010-03-30T16:11:01.857-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crítica Social"/><title type='text'>Una defensa al Sistema de Partidos</title><content type='html'>Escribo el siguiente artículo en respuesta a la propuesta del grupo   &quot;Voto por Ninguno&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;UNA DEFENSA AL SISTEMA DE PARTIDOS&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En las siguientes líneas trataré de argumentar que la poca credibilidad y  el desencanto en los sistemas de partidos políticos dominicanos no son  razón suficiente para legitimizar una campaña que promueva el “Voto por  Ninguno”.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La campaña que este grupo de jóvenes plantea (apoyada por distintas  personalidades como Victor Victor y con casi 7,000 afiliados en  Facebook, más varias manifestaciones realizadas) pasa por alto de manera  muy ingenua algunos matices conceptuales y prácticos. Por ejemplo, la  democracia representativa es la forma en la que está sostenida nuestro  sistema de organización social. Este sistema, compartido no sólo por  muchas de las democracias fallidas latinoamericanas, sino también por  los sistemas parlamentarios y presidenciales del Occidente Nórdico, ha  demostrado ser uno de los sistemas políticos más eficientes (aunque no  perfecto) para el mantenimiento del &quot;estado de derecho&quot;. Este modelo de  organización política, en teoría, garantiza la igualdad de oportunidades  para todos y el respeto de los Derechos Humanos.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Sin embargo, es totalmente válido afirmar que la democracia no endosa en  sí misma el respeto de los derechos del ciudadano ni el buen  funcionamiento del sistema. De hecho, si algo tienen en común Hitler,  Mussolini y Chávez es que fueron elegidos democráticamente. A pesar de  ello, el desencanto, la apatía y la frustración que provocan los  actuales partidos políticos dominicanos, en especial los del PLD, el PRD  y PRSC, no son una razón válida ni suficiente para deslegitimizar el  sistema que con tanta sangre a través de la historia nos ha costado  construir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aún teniendo en cuenta las insuficiencias que pueda tener el sistema  político dominicano, con el clientelismo, la corrupción y el  narcotráfico que vergonzosamente está empañando todos los estratos de la  sociedad civil, seguimos teniendo la posibilidad de hacer que las cosas  cambien a través de nuestro actual sistema democrático. Las  alternancias en el poder que han ocurrido en la vida política dominicana  desde la caída del PRSC en el 1994 nos demuestran que el pueblo  dominicano, a pesar de lo que muchos difamadores se empeñen en propagar,  tiene memoria histórica y es consciente de lo que desea y sabe cómo  expresarlo en las urnas. Las próximas elecciones legislativas y más  tarde las presidenciales, son una valiosísima oportunidad para que la  ciudadanía se exprese y castigue con su poder de decisión a los  políticos y funcionarios que han venido desempeñando una mala función  política y administrativa.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En mi opinión la propuesta que este grupo plantea, cargada de buena  intención y de un falso matiz anti-político (toda forma de participación  es política) contribuye a la desestabilización del sistema y a generar  un gasto de energía que no plantea una solución alternativa ni a corto  ni a largo plazo. La apatía, el nihilismo y la anarquía, subyacente en  la campaña &quot;Voto por Ninguno&quot; no son ni serán nunca una solución a los  problemas políticos y sociales de la República Dominicana. Los partidos  políticos son una respuesta inacabada pero necesaria para el  mantenimiento de nuestras democracias modernas.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6942627740392448823/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6942627740392448823' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6942627740392448823'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6942627740392448823'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2010/03/una-defensa-al-sistema-de-partidos.html' title='Una defensa al Sistema de Partidos'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-1871926704484471363</id><published>2010-03-15T13:50:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2010-03-15T13:51:16.868-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Filosofía contemporánea"/><title type='text'>Jaspers y Los límites de la Trascendencia</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0A7rZ_VoNbR32_Oc8NSBjjt4r_ybckIDTTg5LN2BTp7xBVvALBLMAMhuZb360EZLzWvh2a9QHbo8otXA5x0kCl60iSmYdcOHjSjAsa8MKzElh1gLdGpArRwJgNAD-sqrkH7IjxyqHOWA7/s1600-h/25316_333458596077_606571077_4029543_2159245_n.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 282px; height: 320px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0A7rZ_VoNbR32_Oc8NSBjjt4r_ybckIDTTg5LN2BTp7xBVvALBLMAMhuZb360EZLzWvh2a9QHbo8otXA5x0kCl60iSmYdcOHjSjAsa8MKzElh1gLdGpArRwJgNAD-sqrkH7IjxyqHOWA7/s320/25316_333458596077_606571077_4029543_2159245_n.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5448919646843123890&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Hoy es sábado, y nuevamente, tras levantarme temprano para irme a hacer  ejercicios, me llegó la idea de escribir una pequeña nota, esta vez  sobre &quot;los límites de la trascedencia&quot;. Primero aclaro dos cosas, uno,  que esta idea no es mía, excepto por el comentario que vendrá después de  exponerla, y segundo, que escribo sobre un filósofo alemán que  junto  con Kant, Heidegger, Marx o Nietzsche,  pertenece a ese grupo de  filósofos &quot;todos alemanes x cierto&quot; que muchos odian o alaban, pero a  los cuales siempre nos tendremos que referir. Joder!!! Que hay que ser  muy creído e ignorante para que un profesor universitario se atreva a  llamarle estúpido a Emmanuel Kant... Disculpen que me salga del tema,  pero es que me tenía que desahogar...&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En pocas líneas, Karl Jaspers, quien se exiliara en Suiza durante el  régimen nazi, sostiene en su filosofía existencialista que la ciencia es  etapa primera de la filosofía pero que ésta, en última instancia, es  incapaz de dar respuesta a la complejidad total de lo que es el ser  humano, y mucho menos a la pregunta ontológica del ser que tanto ha  preocupado a la filosofía occidental. A mí la verdad lo que menos me  interesa es esa parte de su filosofía, así que me paso directamente a lo  que él denomina &quot;los límites de la trascendencia&quot;.  Para ello antes  aclaro que Jaspers rechaza tanto la religión como el ateísmo, !vaya  contradicción! no? Rechaza la religión por dos razones. Porque esta  pretende, con sus fundamentos, explicar y resumir con autoridad las  experiencias de la trascendencia y porque esta mantiene la idea de un  más allá que es otro mundo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Jaspers considera que el mundo es un &quot;texto secreto&quot;  únicamente  inteligible para la existencia personal y por cada cual para sí mismo.  Para conocer ese mundo el ser humano no debe ignorar aquellos  acontecimientos que lo sacan de la realidad monótona y cotidiana y lo  acercan más profundamente a la &quot;fe en el Ser en sí&quot;. Este autor  considera que lo que nos saca de la realidad monótona es aquello que nos  pone al límite de lo trascendental. ¿Entonces, qué experiencias nos  acercan al límite? Acontecimientos de la historia,  las relaciones con  otros, el sufrimiento, las guerras,  el fracaso, la familia,  la ley,   las presiones en las que se puede llegar a realizarse el  yo personal,   la enfermedad, en fin, todo aquello que descompone nuestro mundo  habitual y nos obliga a hacer un alto en nuestras vidas para  recapacitar. El peligro radica cuando el ser humano ignora tales  acontecimientos y los incorpora en su cotidianidad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Aunque podamos estar de acuerdo o no con lo que plantea Jaspers, lo que  sí parece cierto es que cuando nuestra humanidad es probada al límite,  es cuando verdaderamente, y muchas veces sin nosotros desearlo, nos  vemos obligados a reflexionar. Sucesos como la muerte de un ser querido,  la enfermedad, el fin de una relación amorosa o una larga amistad, nos  demuestran que &quot;los límites de la trascendencia&quot; nos suelen poner de  frente con el dios en el que creamos, o en su defecto, con nosotros  mismos y con todo aquello que nunca terminamos de conocer sobre. Hoy en  día el gran peligro radica en nuestra &quot;moderna&quot; capacidad de NO dejarnos  sorprender y en nuestros continuos escapes para negar el sufrimiento  huyendo de él. Cuando esto sucede es entonces cuando ya no nos  encontraremos a nosotros mismos y nos perderemos en el mundo y su falsa  realidad.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/1871926704484471363/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/1871926704484471363' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/1871926704484471363'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/1871926704484471363'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2010/03/jaspers-y-los-limites-de-la.html' title='Jaspers y Los límites de la Trascendencia'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi0A7rZ_VoNbR32_Oc8NSBjjt4r_ybckIDTTg5LN2BTp7xBVvALBLMAMhuZb360EZLzWvh2a9QHbo8otXA5x0kCl60iSmYdcOHjSjAsa8MKzElh1gLdGpArRwJgNAD-sqrkH7IjxyqHOWA7/s72-c/25316_333458596077_606571077_4029543_2159245_n.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-8737244773027881878</id><published>2010-02-13T08:21:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2010-02-13T08:22:56.358-04:00</updated><title type='text'>We, the people, are so similar...</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSYgogdsr_CuGYl7t2jax_N1DOWG5X0zuBfMh90O1cyXDJR2JOpo_Vu5nDYHwedcfBLsiS7e1I-ghqlBt46YXBcX_6iaWb4wXig5S1iCfuqnK3WR8CRzhRb3ilk8QOAWkJR687wfvXwtq6/s1600-h/Frog-thinking.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 227px; height: 320px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSYgogdsr_CuGYl7t2jax_N1DOWG5X0zuBfMh90O1cyXDJR2JOpo_Vu5nDYHwedcfBLsiS7e1I-ghqlBt46YXBcX_6iaWb4wXig5S1iCfuqnK3WR8CRzhRb3ilk8QOAWkJR687wfvXwtq6/s320/Frog-thinking.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5437702316784240802&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;z19Dle zG9tqc&quot; id=&quot;col-z12gf1tg2wrkgdesy22zf3xhiymht5kwh04&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;zo&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;HgYomf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: block;&quot; class=&quot;QGJaM Ig&quot;&gt;I would like to say that I´m a normal guy with a normal  life but I hate routines. I can´t stay too long in the same place or in  the same activity, however I recognize that the best things in life,  for instance, love, require patient and serenity, some values for which I  must keep fighting for.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I like to travel a lot, well, not a lot but just enough to sacrifice  myself, save some money and take an opportunity when it comes to me.  I´ve been very lucky because in my trips I have met very nice people  from different nationalities, ideologies and thoughts. Being tolerant  and respecting the differences among human beings is my main credo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;If I have learned one thing from the difference cultures I have met,  is that we, the people, are still having the same issues to fight for;  love, family, fears, money, job, life, hate, and so on. We are so  similar under our small differences but it is so sad that some times we  fight for small discrepancies like language, sexual preferences,  political views or religion. How can be possible that the most rational  animal so far known is still injuring his own specie? Maybe that is why,  because some time we are too rational, and precisely love, forgiveness  and solidarity are not about being rational but being an authentic human  being.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I got my bachelor degree in Philosophy and, although I don´t  remember too much about it I would like to say - quoting Wittgenstein -  that &quot;even when all possible scientific questions have been answered,  the problems of life remain completely untouched&quot;. I´m totally agree  with that and that is one of the small phrases I will never forget.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Right now I´m pursuing a Master´s Degree in Political Sciences and  I´m very happy because humankind problems are my principal target of  studies. I would like to help, one day, to figure out those problems.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/8737244773027881878/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/8737244773027881878' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/8737244773027881878'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/8737244773027881878'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2010/02/we-people-are-so-similar.html' title='We, the people, are so similar...'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhSYgogdsr_CuGYl7t2jax_N1DOWG5X0zuBfMh90O1cyXDJR2JOpo_Vu5nDYHwedcfBLsiS7e1I-ghqlBt46YXBcX_6iaWb4wXig5S1iCfuqnK3WR8CRzhRb3ilk8QOAWkJR687wfvXwtq6/s72-c/Frog-thinking.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-2113954559657342403</id><published>2010-01-23T16:19:00.004-04:00</published><updated>2010-01-23T17:56:14.448-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Personal"/><title type='text'>La Amistad muere, y los Recuerdos No</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAwTRKB0VTPD1XpVofti1ZZIkxmqXXYmtuBJfcxODE1ErXQ2fDKaJvt7SVZNTBtvN3FHDe3qR5qhMiAaHwiSrp6z52Wv0NAosOVXhvsAGDWPJDV7ScDtVqMtTuwpThwe8F5Uows29hMBbS/s1600-h/end-friendship-main_full.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;float: left; margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 213px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAwTRKB0VTPD1XpVofti1ZZIkxmqXXYmtuBJfcxODE1ErXQ2fDKaJvt7SVZNTBtvN3FHDe3qR5qhMiAaHwiSrp6z52Wv0NAosOVXhvsAGDWPJDV7ScDtVqMtTuwpThwe8F5Uows29hMBbS/s320/end-friendship-main_full.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5430044370663498418&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La verdad que tengo mucho tiempo que no escribo en mi blog. Ni trabajos académicos ni nada personal. Sin embargo, hoy me he inspirado mientras corría, como todos los sábados, en el parque del Tío Pío, ubicado en lo alto de una colina desde donde se ve casi todo Madrid, una vista hermosa e inspiradora, créanme. La última vez que me inspiré mientras corría, me preguntaba por qué Hitler no invadió España y después de algunas investigaciones en internet, me llevé la sorpresa de que sí lo planeó. Pero bien, eso no es lo que me motiva a escribir hoy.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt; Mientras se aceleraba mi pulso sanguíneo y la respiración, contemplando el paisaje, comencé a pensar en la cantidad de personas que he conocido en mi vida, desde el cole, universidad, trabajo, etc., y hasta la actualidad, más de lo que yo hubiera podido imaginar. Distintas nacionalidades y etnias, otras culturas y religiones, variedad de formas de ver la vida, maravillosas personas proveniente de los 5 continentes. Todo un mundo de conexiones interpersonales que desde mi calidad de &quot;isleño&quot; se me hubiesen hecho imposible de imaginar. Mientras corría, también pensaba cómo la mayoría de esas conexiones temporales, &quot;entre amig@s&quot;, en un lugar y otro, fueron tan fugaces y difusas que terminaron perdiéndose en un contacto más de mi libreta de apuntes o  de mi lista de &quot;amigos&quot; del Facebook. Listas de la que al final, a muchos terminé eliminando como siempre he solido hacer.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;No lo piensen a mal, hoy no ha sido el día para mí de ver todas esas relaciones ya muertas o casi muertas con el pesimismo que caracteriza a un existencialista desencantado de la palabra &quot;amistad&quot;, como lo soy yo. Creo en muy pocas cosas, y mientras más conoozco de la vida, menos creo. Sin embargo hoy pienso que aunque ya no siga en contacto con tod@s aquellos que un día significaron algo para mí siempre cargaré en mi memoria los buenos momentos que con ell@s he pasado y hoy me he dado cuento de que eso es lo más importante.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Tan simple como esto, estoy más que nunca convencido de que la amistad y no digamos el noviazgo o el matrimonio, &lt;span style=&quot;font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;no son para siempre&lt;/span&gt;. - Como ya me imagino que los enamoradizos y todos los que ahora tienen pareja están pensando pestes contra mí, porque les estoy semi-arruinando el mundo idílico en el que viven, pues, un sólo argumento para ustedes &quot;la muerte&quot; - .  Ahora continúo con mi tema. En mi opinión el trato entre amig@s consiste en vivir el presente con toda la intensidad y fortaleza de que el mañana no existe, y de que si un día esa relación tuviese que morir, los buenos recuerdos siempre quedarán,  eso porque &quot;el pasado es memoria y el futuro es imaginación&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;En resumidas cuentas, y sé que muchos no estarán de acuerdo conmigo, esta es mi conclusión: La amistad muere, los recuerdos no, y sólo la familia es para siempre.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Concluyo este drama iniciado mientras corría en el hermoso parque del Tio Pio, dándole las gracias a tod@s los que un día significaron y hoy significan algo para mí aunque al final vayamos a ser separados por la crueldad existencial y coyuntural del espacio y el tiempo. Aunque YO aún no lo sepa, parte de lo que hoy soy, también se lo debo a ustedes.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Gracias.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/2113954559657342403/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/2113954559657342403' title='3 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2113954559657342403'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2113954559657342403'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2010/01/la-amistad-muere-y-los-recuerdos-no.html' title='La Amistad muere, y los Recuerdos No'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhAwTRKB0VTPD1XpVofti1ZZIkxmqXXYmtuBJfcxODE1ErXQ2fDKaJvt7SVZNTBtvN3FHDe3qR5qhMiAaHwiSrp6z52Wv0NAosOVXhvsAGDWPJDV7ScDtVqMtTuwpThwe8F5Uows29hMBbS/s72-c/end-friendship-main_full.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-751923081626185445</id><published>2009-10-24T23:06:00.011-04:00</published><updated>2009-10-27T01:24:28.164-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Un poco sobre mí</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqbmzSVyVFFQDi1VVVIeT7vx3lulwaI3dAYPshyphenhyphenXjSCLweo9gRMNAFLkigeccOjVqcJFqhvfB9a4ZZ8zvM-V1GB9l4cJlaxMVFsmqw5OPeC9AAJk3tEserZsJUs3KFULZ9ZUAiOndQx62/s1600-h/adsf.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 240px; height: 320px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqbmzSVyVFFQDi1VVVIeT7vx3lulwaI3dAYPshyphenhyphenXjSCLweo9gRMNAFLkigeccOjVqcJFqhvfB9a4ZZ8zvM-V1GB9l4cJlaxMVFsmqw5OPeC9AAJk3tEserZsJUs3KFULZ9ZUAiOndQx62/s320/adsf.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5397141617236929010&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Creo que ya he publicado muchos temas en este blog, sin embargo, pocas veces me he dedicado a hablar de mí por aquí. Por eso comparto algunas cosas sobre mí. Espero sus comentarios y a la vez conocer un poco más de sus vidas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;1. Cuando tenía 8 años, sentado en el frente de mi casa me comí una galletica de chocolate. Ese mismo día me enfermé. Sólo a mis 24 años comprendí que el chocolate no me enferma y que lo que pasó aquél día fue sólo pura casualidad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;2.  El día de las elecciones presidenciales 2008 en EEUU mi compañero de cuarto, americano, me preguntó que si había votado por Obama, le dije que no, que yo era de la República Dominicana, a lo que él me respondió, ¿y Rep. Dom, no es parte de EEUU? Tratando de no perder la calma por su ignorancia le respondí: &quot;nos confundes con Puerto Rico&quot;, a lo que él contestó muy testarudo: &quot;si lo sé, Puerto Rico también&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;3. En mi adolescencia me rehusaba a aprender a tocar guitarra porque me parecía un instrumento musical muy &quot;común y asequible&quot;, no me mal interpreten, eh? Al final terminé aprendiendo porque me encantaba, y todavía me encanta, la idea de compartir una noche bohemia y de música con mis amig@s.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;4. Si hay algo de lo que me arrepiento en mi vida es de no haber asistido al viaje de graduación de mi promoción. Ahorramos durante 4 años para podernos pagar  4 días en un hotel &quot;todo incluído&quot;. Al final  no fui porque tenía deseos de trabajar, recién había obtenido mi primer empleo, y estúpidamente, lo disfrutaba.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;5. He llorado varias veces mientras veo Tv. La primera vez fue cuand Anthony, el novio de Candy se cayó de un caballo y se mató. La segunda fue con &quot;Corazón Valiente&quot;, cuando Willian Wallace gritó &quot;Libertad!!!!&quot;.  La tercera y cuarta fue con &quot;La lista de Schindler&quot; y &quot;Crash&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;6. En un futuro quisiera dar una clase de ética en alguna universidad utilizando como punto de discusión la última película de Batman &quot;El Caballero Oscuro&quot;. También quisiera tocar la discusión cartesiana filosófica sobre la realidad utilizando la película &quot;Matrix I&quot;, y discutir sobre el sentido del sacrificio y la comunidad en la sociedad moderna expresado en la película &quot;El Señor de los Anillos&quot;.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;7. Le tengo un miedo irracional a las cucarachas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;8. A veces tengo pesadillas recurrentes, estas consisten en que llego tarde a la escuela y que me dejan fuera del aula. De niño ese era mi mayor temor.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;9. A veces quisera no creer en Dios sin embargo, por más que lo intento me es imposible asumir que tanta perfección, (física, química, música, etc.) puedan venir de un simple arreglo contingente de las cosas. De verdad pienso que hay que ser muy inteligente para se ateo, y no lo digo por sarcasmo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;10. Soy fanático de los documentales sobre La II Guerra Mundial, La Alemania Nazi y el Holocausto Judío.  Creo que estos acontecimientos nunca deben ser borrados de nuestra memoria, es la única forma de saber cuán poderoso y destructivo puede ser el ser humano para consigo mismo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;11. Todos los meses borro dos personas de mi Facebook.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;12. Los dos países que más admiro en el mundo son EEUU; su participación en el fin de la II Guerra Mundial fue crucial, creo que el mundo le pertenecería a los nazi si no fuera por ellos.  También admiro a Francia. La Declaración de los Derechos Humanos fue un gran paso para la humanidad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;13.  Una vez estaba montado en un caballo. De repente el caballo dejó de hacerle caso a mis direcciones y se dirigió hacia donde una yegua (la yegua es el caballo hembra).  Entonces el caballo se le subió arriba y ya saben lo que empezó a hacer. A todo esto yo seguía encima del caballo. Fue horrible!!!!!!!!!&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;14. La parte que menos me gusta de mi cuerpo es la nariz.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;15. En el 2006 estuve a punto de morir ahogado en un río.  Un hombre se lanzó al agua y me salvó la vida. Estaba tan exhausto que no le pude dar las gracias. Después de ese suceso mi hermano mayor me pagó un curso de natación para que aprendiera a nadar. Le estoy muy agradecido, a mi hermano y al señor que me salvó la vida.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;16.  Si fueran a destruir todos los libros del mundo y tuviera que escoger un  sólo libro para dejárselo como legado a la humanidad escogería la &quot;Crítica de la Razón Pura&quot; de Inmanuel Kant.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;17. Pienso que NYC es una ciudad horrible para vivir, pero estupenda para visitar.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;18. De niño no me gustaba la leche del seno y tampoco las compotas.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;19. Durante un examen en la universidad un profesor me descubrió copiándome. Pensé que me reprobaría, pero lo que hizo fue cambiarme de sitio. La verdad que me sorprendió mucho su actitud.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;20. Cuando estaba aprendiendo a tocar flauta transversal recuerdo haberme puesto a llorar varias veces por el sentimiento de impotencia que producía el lento aprendizaje en mí. Soy muy desesperado y me gustan las cosas rápido.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;21. Cuando niño (6-7 años) jugaba a izar la bandera mientras cantaba el Himno Nacional. Como bandera utilizaba una funda plástica.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;22. Si pudiera conocer a dos personas que admiro mucho en este mudno y conversar con ellos al menos 20 minutos, esas personas serían Seth MacFarlane (creador de Family Guy) y Barack Obama (actual presidente de EEUU).</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/751923081626185445/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/751923081626185445' title='3 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/751923081626185445'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/751923081626185445'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/10/un-poco-sobre-mi.html' title='Un poco sobre mí'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhcqbmzSVyVFFQDi1VVVIeT7vx3lulwaI3dAYPshyphenhyphenXjSCLweo9gRMNAFLkigeccOjVqcJFqhvfB9a4ZZ8zvM-V1GB9l4cJlaxMVFsmqw5OPeC9AAJk3tEserZsJUs3KFULZ9ZUAiOndQx62/s72-c/adsf.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>3</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6340554683222585966</id><published>2009-10-05T19:09:00.001-04:00</published><updated>2009-10-05T19:10:51.699-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Caperucita Roja y un poco de Filosofía</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MO2o_pu16zz4DFkX-ElyywXSzQqZ1iks-6cWJVCaUdWjaDzbxnXq-SHCZwxkvIueTQucwB3BIaP0RW0hkcPoV9OGyfNyGidAjeZAuHy6SRzl99u5OYc1uiovimHA9pr1vOKjQLEBlDwW/s1600-h/cap.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 240px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MO2o_pu16zz4DFkX-ElyywXSzQqZ1iks-6cWJVCaUdWjaDzbxnXq-SHCZwxkvIueTQucwB3BIaP0RW0hkcPoV9OGyfNyGidAjeZAuHy6SRzl99u5OYc1uiovimHA9pr1vOKjQLEBlDwW/s320/cap.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5389257293679409234&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;Fuente: el caribe. com. do&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Entre varias interpretaciones del famoso relato, Rodríguez Almodóvar cita las de dos psicólogos y psicoanalistas: Bettelheim y Erich Fromm. Interpretaciones que han ganado ya amplia fama en base a un principio de autoridad que no todos comparten ni respetan. Hay críticos literarios que las difaman, las denuncian como “imposición ahistórica de dogmas psicoanalíticos”. Creo que aún así merecen crédito, aunque sea el crédito de la duda:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;“Necesario será ya acudir a la opinión de otros expertos: los psicólogos y los psicoanalistas. Dos en particular: Bruno Bettelheim y Erich Fromm. Tomando como base el consabido conflicto freudiano entre el principio del deber (acudir en socorro de la pobre abuelita) y el principio del placer (entretenerse por el bosque cogiendo florecillas y charlando con desconocidos), uno y otro llegan a diferentes conclusiones, o quizás sean complementarias. Para el primero, Caperucita, una vez superada la fijación oral (representada por Hänsel y Gretel), encarna el problema de un complejo de Edipo mal resuelto, que retorna en la pubertad, y que la arroja inconscientemente a la posibilidad de ser seducida. Ni que decir tiene que el lobo es la figura de todo hombre, padre incluido. Para el neoyorquino, la caperuza roja y el tarrito de manteca no otra cosa pueden ser que la primera menstruación y la virginidad, respectivamente. Por uno u otro lado rondan los peligros de un sexo prematuro, en el que no son inocentes ni la madre ni la abuela, quienes al empujar y reclamar a la niña por un camino tan peligroso, en realidad la están induciendo a desviarse. ¿Creeremos por esto que Caperucita es inocente? En absoluto.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;ambién ella está deseando perder de vista a las dos. Con notable gracejo, escribe Bettelheim: ‘Sólo los adultos, que están convencidos de que los cuentos son absurdos, pueden dejar de ver que el inconsciente de Caperucita está haciendo horas extras para librarse de la abuela’”.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;En conclusión, escribe poéticamente Rodríguez Almodóvar:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;“Misteriosas galerías del alma humana. Por la razón que sea, o por todas juntas, Caperucita sigue desconcertando a los estudiosos y, eso sí, cautivando a los niños, que son los únicos que de verdad poseen su secreto. Como poseen el de todos los demás cuentos populares, que renuevan una y otra vez su extraño, y al parecer imprescindible, mensaje terapéutico y civilizador. Lástima que cuando aquéllos pudieran revelárnoslo, ya dejan de ser niños.”&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;El titular del blog “Algún día en alguna parte” (alguien que firma Alguien), proporciona en un artículo, “El cuento popular francés de Caperucita”, valiosas informaciones y juicios muy estimables sobre el tema:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;“La versión de Caperucita roja que aquí (se presenta) proviene de la recopilación de cuentos, Le conte populaire français de Paul Delarue y Marie Louise Tenèze, (París, 1976). Es un cuento popular francés del siglo XVIII (…) perteneciente a la tradición oral campesina, destinado a ser narrado en las largas veladas de invierno, al calor de la lumbre.   El texto se ha extraído del libro “La gran matanza de los gatos y otros episodios en la historia de la cultura francesa” de Robert Darnton (pag.15-16), editado por el Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 1987.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Es la primera versión oral conocida de Caperucita, (…) una leyenda cruenta para asustar a niños y…divertir a adultos; sin caperuzas, ni moralejas, ni leñadores salvadores, distinta a la que actualmente contamos a nuestros hijos y de la que se nutrirán otras versiones posteriores…”&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;En fin, episodios de canibalismo ritual, sexo implícito y otras circunstancias acechan en lo que para muchos de nosotros fue una lectura inocente de un relato que no tiene nada de inocente. Aquí dejo a  los lectores en presencia de lo que puede ser el texto original o la originalidad del texto de Caperucita cuando no era roja ni usaba caperuza:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;“Había una vez una niñita a la que su madre le dijo que llevara pan y leche a su abuela. Mientras la niña caminaba por el bosque, un lobo se le acercó y le preguntó adónde se dirigía.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;– A la casa de mi abuela, le contestó.&lt;br /&gt;– ¿Qué camino vas a tomar, el camino de las agujas o el de los alfileres?&lt;br /&gt;– El camino de las agujas.&lt;br /&gt;El lobo tomó el camino de los alfileres y llegó primero a la casa. Mató a la abuela, puso su sangre en una botella y partió su carne en rebanadas sobre un platón. Después se vistió con el camisón de la abuela y esperó acostado en la cama. La niña tocó a la puerta.&lt;br /&gt;– Entra, hijita.&lt;br /&gt;– ¿Cómo estás, abuelita? Te traje pan y leche.&lt;br /&gt;– Come tú también, hijita. Hay carne y vino en la alacena.&lt;br /&gt;La pequeña niña comió así lo que se le ofrecía; mientras lo hacía, un gatito dijo:&lt;br /&gt;– ¡Cochina! ¡Has comido la carne y has bebido la sangre de tu abuela!&lt;br /&gt;Después el lobo le dijo:&lt;br /&gt;– Desvístete y métete en la cama conmigo.&lt;br /&gt;– ¿Dónde pongo mi delantal?&lt;br /&gt;– Tíralo al fuego; nunca más lo necesitarás.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Cada vez que se quitaba una prenda (el corpiño, la falda, las enaguas y las medias), la niña hacía la misma pregunta; y cada vez el lobo le contestaba:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;– Tírala al fuego; nunca más la necesitarás.&lt;br /&gt;Cuando la niña se metió en la cama, preguntó:&lt;br /&gt;– Abuela, ¿por qué estás tan peluda?&lt;br /&gt;– Para calentarme mejor, hijita.&lt;br /&gt;– Abuela, ¿por qué tienes esos hombros tan grandes?&lt;br /&gt;– Para poder cargar mejor la leña, hijita.&lt;br /&gt;– Abuela, ¿por qué tienes esas uñas tan grandes?&lt;br /&gt;– Para rascarme mejor, hijita.&lt;br /&gt;– Abuela, ¿por qué tienes esos dientes tan grandes?&lt;br /&gt;- Para comerte mejor, hijita. Y el lobo se la comió.”&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;(© Robert Darnton. “La gran matanza de gatos y otros episodios de la historia de la cultura francesa”. Ed. Fondo de Cultura Económica, México, 1987).&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Añade finalmente, para cerrar con broche de oro, el titular del blog “Algún día en alguna parte”:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;“En los cuentos campesinos franceses, según señala Robert Darnton, el final catastrófico para el protagonista no supone ningún tipo de sermón, moraleja o castigo por la mala conducta. El universo planteado por estos cuentos no está gobernado por ninguna moral tangible, la buena conducta no determina el éxito, ni la mala conducta el fracaso del protagonista. Caperucita no ha hecho nada para ser devorada por el lobo ‘porque en los cuentos campesinos, a diferencia de los de Charles Perrault y de los hermanos Grimm, ella no desobedece a su madre, ni deja de leer las señales de un orden moral implícito que están escritas en el mundo que la rodea. Sencillamente camina hacia las quijadas de la muerte. Este es el carácter inescrutable, inexorable de la fatalidad que vuelve los cuentos tan conmovedores, y no el final feliz que con frecuencia adquirieron después del siglo XVIII.’”&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6340554683222585966/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6340554683222585966' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6340554683222585966'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6340554683222585966'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/10/caperucita-roja-y-un-poco-de-filosofia.html' title='Caperucita Roja y un poco de Filosofía'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9MO2o_pu16zz4DFkX-ElyywXSzQqZ1iks-6cWJVCaUdWjaDzbxnXq-SHCZwxkvIueTQucwB3BIaP0RW0hkcPoV9OGyfNyGidAjeZAuHy6SRzl99u5OYc1uiovimHA9pr1vOKjQLEBlDwW/s72-c/cap.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6414068632007284420</id><published>2009-10-05T18:57:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-10-05T19:02:56.696-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crítica Social"/><title type='text'>Negación del control difuso de Constitución</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; 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priority=&quot;31&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:Calibri; 	panose-1:2 15 5 2 2 2 4 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:0; 	mso-generic-font-family:swiss; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 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	margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	line-height:115%;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-footer-margin:35.4pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;}  /* List Definitions */  @list l0 	{mso-list-id:1670057103; 	mso-list-type:hybrid; 	mso-list-template-ids:-1347225870 470417423 470417433 470417435 470417423 470417433 470417435 470417423 470417433 470417435;} @list l0:level1 	{mso-level-tab-stop:none; 	mso-level-number-position:left; 	text-indent:-18.0pt;} ol 	{margin-bottom:0cm;} ul 	{margin-bottom:0cm;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Tabla normal&quot;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin-top:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-right:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	mso-para-margin-left:0cm; 	line-height:115%; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Negación: La asamblea Nacional Revisora eliminó el derecho a la defensa del patrimonio común de la humanidad. También elimino el derecho al disfrute de los bienes de dominio público y el derecho a la paz. Asimismo, la tijera de los asambleístas recortó el derecho al desarrollo, el derecho a la promoción y conservación de los conocimientos tradicionales.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Honestidad: Los recortes del derecho siguieron con la eliminación del derecho al uso de los avances de las ciencias y la tecnología, al derecho al acceso y libre expresión en el ciberespacio (internet), y para colmo, se volaron el derecho a una administración pública honesta y transparente.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Mercado: Eliminaron la responsabilidad del Estado para tutelar la salud pública, el derecho al acceso de la ciudadanía a las fuentes de agua, así como el derecho a un adecuado funcionamiento de las fuerzas del mercado y la competitividad leal.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Consumidores: La Asamblea Revisora también eliminó los derechos del consumidor y del usuario de los bienes y servicios públicos.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Haitianos: Los miembros de la Asamblea también decidieron negar los derechos de miles de ciudadanos haitianos, nacidos en República Dominicana, con la Constitución vigente, que establece que la nacionalidad se adquiere por el lugar de nacimiento. Los propios perredistas rechazaron la propuesta de amnistía propuesta por el diputado Frank Martínez, con lo cual quedaba sin la nacionalidad dominicana, en caso de que aún viviera, el propio José Francisco Peña Gómez.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:7pt;&quot;  &gt;       &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;Abuso: Frank Martínez mostró, tratando de convencer a sus colegas, el caso de la señora Carmela Félix, nacida en 1934, declarada en el libro 272, folio 120, acta 129. Tiene 75 años. Sus padres vinieron al país en 1930. Carmela está impedida de que se le expida una copia de su acta de nacimiento.&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Fuente: Clave Digital&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6414068632007284420/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6414068632007284420' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6414068632007284420'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6414068632007284420'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/10/negacion-del-control-difuso-de.html' title='Negación del control difuso de Constitución'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgYmAg6yjt3X9OU7l0wqnfKgyzIR_ywqtZ2qTWBRslSsAqf9zMlntNSDdFw5Fe98a5860OPZhx365ReDOSzRsBYON7GJZu9VHukN0V3nMwzskKDbZJ2m8UaZACTskSBSjbI7Dxl11-TNCnz/s72-c/criminal_justice_jurisprudence.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-3856175512352663127</id><published>2009-09-26T13:28:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2009-09-26T13:31:39.165-04:00</updated><title type='text'>G20 establece más poder para los países emergentes</title><content type='html'>&lt;div xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml&quot;&gt;&lt;p&gt;PITTSBURGH. EEUU. AFP. El G20 estableció el viernes en Pittsburgh (noreste de EEUU) las bases de un nuevo orden económico que otorga más poder a los países emergentes, para evitar otra crisis como la que hajavascript:MD_&lt;wbr&gt;ArticleZoomImages_Show();ce un año sumió en la recesión a las mayores economías del planeta.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La cumbre decidó que el G20 -que reúne a Estados Unidos, Europa, Japón y a grandes emergentes como China, Brasil e India- será el &quot;foro principal para la cooperación económica&quot;, en lugar del G8 de países ricos, y se puso manos a la obra para tratar de arreglar los desaguisados provocados por la crisis y los malos manejos que la posibilitaron.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&quot;Hoy hemos tomado medidas audaces y concertadas para asegurar la prosperidad y crear un marco para un crecimiento fuerte, sostenido y equilibrado&quot;, declaró el presidente estadounidense, Barack Obama, en su primera actuación como anfitrión de un gran acontecimiento internacional desde que asumió en enero.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Los líderes coincidieron en la necesidad de evitar un retiro &quot;prematuro&quot; de los paquetes gubernamentales de reactivación, ante el riesgo de una recaída en la crisis.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;La reactivación aún &quot;no es sólida&quot;, advirtió el presidente chino, Hu Jintao.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;blockquote&gt; &lt;a href=&quot;http://hoy.com.do/el-mundo/2009/9/25/295172/G20-establece-mas-poder-para-los-paises-emergentes&quot;&gt;G20 establece más poder para los países emergentes - Hoy Digital&lt;/a&gt; (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.google.com/sidewiki/entry/110566988090296246060/id/8S4johlkSoJRZcMeFvBgoPNWgbU&quot;&gt;view on Google Sidewiki&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/3856175512352663127/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/3856175512352663127' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/3856175512352663127'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/3856175512352663127'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/09/g20-establece-mas-poder-para-los-paises.html' title='G20 establece más poder para los países emergentes'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-2677053654854854400</id><published>2009-09-20T18:57:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2009-09-20T19:02:35.198-04:00</updated><title type='text'>¿Cómo obtener una beca Fulbright?</title><content type='html'>&lt;meta equiv=&quot;Content-Type&quot; 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	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin-top:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-right:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	mso-para-margin-left:0cm; 	line-height:115%; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;  &lt;h2&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Beca Fulbright, Consejos, guías y tópicos&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt;ANTES DE APLICAR A FULBRIGHT&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Asegúrate de que reúnes los requisitos Necesarios&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ser ciudadano residente&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;de tu país.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Conocimientos suficientes de inglés para estudios superiores en EEUU. Regularmente se exige como mínimo 550 en el Toef PBT ó 80 en el Toefl IBT.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Buenas actitudes personales y liderazgo.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Un buen record académicos en tus estudios universitarios. Mínimo 3 de 4.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Gran motivación y un alto compromiso de completar el programa que se solicita y regresar a tu país de origen una vez finalices tus estudios.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Conoce la fecha límite de aplicación&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Entregar una buena aplicación lleva tiempo y las primeras selecciones son basadas exclusivamente en la aplicación que entregas y los documentos que la acompañan. Saca suficiente tiempo para completar tu aplicación, escribir los ensayos y reunir todos los documentos necesarios.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Comunícate con personas que hayan obtenido una Beca Fulbright en el pasado &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;Si es posible, comunícate con estudiantes que hayan ganado este tipo de beca en el pasado. Compárate a ti mismo y tus metas con sus perfiles. Usa a otros ganadores como fuentes de inspiración.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dialoga sobre tus intereses sobre Fulbright con aquellos que escribirán tus cartas de referencia.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Para tus cartas de referencia selecciona personas que no sólo puedan comentar sobre ti, sino también sobre tus proyectos, tu preparación y tu habilidad de emprender proyectos a largo plazo y terminarlos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Recuerda que estás aplicando para una beca extremadamente competitiva&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;No asumas bajo ninguna circunstancia que tus altos grado académicos, tu ensayo y tus cartas de recomendación van a ser lo suficiente para ganar esta beca. Tú necesitas presentarte a ti mismo de la manera más clara posible. No te dejes intimidar ni desanimar por el proceso de aplicación.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;II. COMPLETANDO TU APLICACIÓN&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Recuerda que no tienes que completar tu aplicación en un solo momento&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Contesta cada pregunta completamente&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. Si en una pregunta es permitido escribir una página, media página es probablemente inadecuado para contestar la pregunta que se realiza.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Incluye sólo la información que te piden.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No excedas el espacio que te dan ni tampoco incluyas páginas adicionales. Los textos que sobrepasen el límite establecido no serán leídos por el comité.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Revisa toda la aplicación antes de enviarla. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;La aplicación no debe tener errores gramaticales o tipográficos.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Trata de conseguir algún amigo o profesor que tenga conocimientos más avanzados que tú en el idioma inglés. Conseguir a alguien cuya lengua nativa sea el inglés sería lo ideal.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt;III. PREPARANDO LOS ENSAYOS: DECLARACIÓN DE PROPÓSITOS Y OBJETIVOS&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Comienza poniendo tus ideas en papel. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Una lluvia de ideas sobre papel, tratando lo que piensas realizar, es la mejor manera de comenzar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Evita el lenguaje técnico. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No intentes impresionar utilizando un lenguaje técnico de difícil comprensión. El jurado que va a leer tus ensayos muy probablemente no es experto en tu área de estudio. En caso de que consideres necesario utilizar algún término técnico siempre agrega una breve explicación.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ve directo al punto sobre “qué, por qué y cómo (y dónde si ya has elegido alguna institución en EEUU) sobre los estudios que deseas realizar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Cuáles son tus propósitos?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Qué es lo nuevo y diferente que tú ofreces a tu país con los estudios que deseas realizar?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Qué contribuciones realizarás tú promoviendo el entendimiento mutuo y cultural entre EEUU y tu país?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Por qué deseas estudiar eso?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Cómo tus estudios anteriores y experiencia laboral encajan dentro del programa de estudios al que estás aplicando?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Qué es lo más importante o significativo?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Cómo contribuirán esos estudios en tu desarrollo académico y profesional? &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Qué proyectos puntuales y específicos tienes planeados para cuando termines tus estudios?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Dónde te vez a ti mismo dentro de 5 a 10 años?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 72pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: SimSun;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;-&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;    &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Por qué es importante para ti realizar esos estudios en EEUU?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Los candidatos que desean aplicar para estudios en un área no relacionada a sus estudios previos deben justificar por qué han cambiado su foco de estudio.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No repitas información que ya has puesto en algún lugar de tu aplicación. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Si crees que necesitas mencionar algo nuevamente siéntete libre de mencionarlo nuevamente, pero, asegúrate de que agregas nueva información a eso que estás repitiendo. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Organiza tu declaración de propósitos cuidadosamente. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No hagas que el jurado tenga que descifrar tu información o buscar información extra para comprender lo que dices. Haz que distintas personas lean y critiquen tu&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;ensayo incluyendo un profesor de tu área de estudio, un profesor fuera de&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;tu área de estudio y un compañero estudiante, o colega.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt;IV.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt; &lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;PROBLEMAS MÁS FRECUENTES EN LAS APLICACIONES&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Carencia o inadecuado propósito de estudios. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Este es el problema más común en las aplicaciones y el que más refleja la perspectiva del candidato. Las aplicaciones deben de tener bien desarrollado un plan para el futuro una vez se terminen los estudios. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Carencia de cartas de referencias o referencias muy débiles. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Personas que escriben las cartas de recomendación sin conocer a fondo las habilidades del candidato.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Débil dominio del idioma inglés.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Aplicaciones incompletas o entregadas tarde &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;son descartadas y no evaluadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; color: red;&quot;&gt;V. CONSEJOS PARA EL DÍA DE LA ENTREVISTA (La entrevista es en inglés, conformado por un comité de al menso 5 personas).&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;Después de haber entregado tu aplicación, si calificas, serás citado para una entrevista. La entrevista puede llenar de nervios a cualquiera, por tanto, piensa de la siguiente manera antes de llenarte de pánico:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ya has probado ser alguien que reúne excelentes condiciones para la obtención de la beca&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. Si has sido seleccionado para una entrevista, es porque eres uno de los potenciales candidatos para obtener la beca.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;La entrevista es sólo una oportunidad para que los evaluadores conozcan un poco más sobre ti. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Qué tan larga es la entrevista? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Puede esperar que la entrevista sea de aproximadamente 15 – 20 minutos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;¿Cómo te puedes preparar? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Una de las estrategias más importantes para una buena entrevista es la anticipación. Anticipar las preguntas puede prevenirte de la angustia que se siente al contestar una pregunta que no estabas esperando. La mejor forma de prepararse es que te familiarices con los materiales que entregaste en tu aplicación. Las preguntas del comité se enfocan principalmente en tus planes de estudios, tu pasado académico y laboral, las razones de tu interés de estudiar en EEUU, tus metas profesionales y el papel que desempeñará en ti, en el futuro, el haber estudiado en EEUU.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Practica tus respuestas con un amigo.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Practica tu entrevista en voz alta con un amigo suponiendo preguntas hipotéticas que los entrevistadores podrían realizarte. Dile a tu amigo que te señale cualquier palabra que estés repitiendo mucho en forma de muletilla. Antes de la entrevista prepara respuestas básicas para preguntas comunes o generales.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Esté preparado para discutir &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;sobre:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Su historia personal, sus empleos pasados y su educación. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cualquier premio, honor, distinción o campeonato que usted haya ganado puede ser útil para dialogar. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Esperanzas, planes para el futuro, cómo planeas lograrlos y por qué ellos son tan importantes para ti. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Actividades extra curriculares, cómo te diviertes y pasas el tiempo libre. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cualquier pregunta que puedas tener para los entrevistadores y que consideres relevante para la entrevista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 38.9pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;El día de la entrevista llega 15 minutos antes. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No llegues tarde a la entrevista. Si sucede un imprevisto el estar antes de tiempo te ayudará a resolver cualquier problema. Si crees que llegarás tarde comunícate lo más pronto posible, de esa forma el comité puede atender a otros candidatos&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;o acomodar tu entrevista si es posible.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Usa ropa apropiada para una entrevista. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hombres: pantalón de tela, zapatos y camisa manga larga. Mujeres: falda o pantalón formal, chaqueta. Vestir de manera conservadora. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No lleve puesto jeans, t-shirts o ropa casual. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Evalúa tu lenguaje corporal: sonría, haga contacto visual, siéntese derecho. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Una buena postura da una buena impresión. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mantén tus manos sobre tus piernas o encima de la mesa para lucir calmado. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Evita tocarte el cabello o la cara. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Evita mirar al suelo o al techo mientas escuchas o hablas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;No muevas el pie o la rodilla o algún otro tipo de gesto provocado por los nervios.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Recuerda que la entrevista es una conversación en la que debes mantenerte relajado. Piensa que la entrevista es una conversación en vez de una evaluación.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Los entrevistadores sólo están ahí para aprender más sobre ti.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Mira la entrevista como una oportunidad para discutir tus metas y planes, intereses y experiencias profesionales. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sé positivo y piensa positivo sobre la beca y sobre tu futuro. Sé breve y honesto en tus respuestas. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Evita las divagaciones.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Trata de construir tus respuestas rápido.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Los entrevistadores pueden desarrollar más preguntas en base a una respuesta que hayas dado si es que les interesa conocer más al respecto.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Si no entiendes alguna pregunta, no tengas la menor duda en pedir que te la repitan, clarifiquen o que la formulen de una forma distinta.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sé discreto no des información que no aportará positivamente a tu entrevista o que esté fuera de lugar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Contesta las preguntas con oraciones completas cuando es posible. Evita interjecciones como “uhm”, “like”, and “you know”. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Cuando te hagan preguntas de sí o no agrega alguna breve información o detalle interesante, o historia. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Trae a colación eventos de actualidad.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Lee el periódico de la semana de tu entrevista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Los entrevistadores quieren saber si el candidato tiene un conocimiento general sobre lo que está pasando en el mundo y en su sociedad.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Esté preparado con un buen cierre. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Al final de la entrevista a te preguntarán si tienes alguna pregunta o algo más que agregar. Usted puede realizar una pregunta, agregar alguna información que preparaste antes de tu entrevista, o traer a colación algún tema tratado durante la entrevista. Tener un buen cierre impacta positivamente.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;PROBLEMAS MÁS COMUNES DURANTE LA ENTREVISTA&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Repetir información de la aplicación no ofreciendo información adicional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Repuestas muy largas y cargadas.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hablar muy bajo o sin seguridad.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Demasiado tenso o serio.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Sudar o agitar las manos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Dificultad para expresarse con confianza en inglés.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Llegar tarde a la entrevista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Vestir casual.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;CRITERIOS DE SELECCIÓN DE LOS BECADOS FULBRIGHT:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;La evaluación de los candidatos Fulbright está basada en los méritos de los participantes. Los examinadores evalúan el historial de los candidatos, la experiencia, los méritos obtenidos, la calidad de la propuesta del candidato y los beneficios que se esperan para el país de origen del candidato, de los estudios que vaya a realizar.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;            &lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Durante la evaluación de los candidatos los evaluadores toman en cuenta la calidad de la aplicación entregada&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;por el candidato junto con los resultados de la entrevista, basados en los siguientes criterios:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;La contribución a futuro que los estudios del candidato supondrán para su país de origen.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Records académicos y profesionales (si aplica), así como (premios, honores, conferencias, escritos, exhibiciones, o cualquier otra evidencia de que el candidato será exitoso en sus planes de estudios).&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Nivel de inglés.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Factibilidad de sus estudios.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Actitudes personales incluyendo; adaptabilidad a la cultura, sensibilidad, iniciativa, creatividad, madurez, fortaleza del carácter, confianza en sí mismo y sentido de la responsabilidad. &lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;!--[if !supportLists]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal;&quot;&gt;         &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;La forma en la que los estudios del candidato van a promover uno de los principales objetivos del programa Fulbright: “promover el entendimiento y buena voluntad entre las naciones”.&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Yo personalmente le doy una calificación al candidato basándome en lo que haya escrito en su aplicación y luego otra calificación después de la entrevista. He visto personas con aplicaciones y ensayos excelentes ubicados dentro de la calificaciones más altas, y sin embargo, durante la entrevista, caen a lo más bajo de mi lista. Así mismo he visto aplicaciones con menos posibilidades pero que durante la entrevista suben a lo más alto de mi lista.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Los candidatos que obtienen esta beca suelen ser aquellos que tienen una excelente aplicación escrita, así como una excelente entrevista. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Durante una entrevista yo considero las cualidades sociales y académicas del candidato como una sola porque yo quiero seleccionar estudiantes que serán exitosos en todo el sentido de la palabra y que&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/b&gt;tomarán todas las oportunidades que les ofrece una beca como Fulbright.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Yo busco candidatos que no sean sólo buenos en lo académico, sino también que sean agradables como personas, que sean buenos embajadores del país que van a representar. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;También me gusta que los candidatos tengan intereses fuera de sus metas académicas (hobbies, deportes, música, servicios voluntarios, etc.). Esto muestra un balance en sus vidas y presenta un canal natural a través del cual ellos probablemente estarán disponibles de hacer amigos fuera del salón de clases.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 35.4pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;El liderazgo es fundamental. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;El liderazgo puede tomar varias formas de representación. Los candidatos deben presentar que han sido exitosos en el pasado, y evidenciar su potencialidad de seguirlo siendo en el futuro. Deben definir claramente sus intereses profesionales. Un buen candidato debe demostrar cualidades personales de liderazgo dentro de su comunidad así como dentro de la comunidad internacional.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;Laura Perry&lt;br /&gt;Former Assistant Manager,&lt;br /&gt;Council for International Exchange Program (CIES) and&lt;br /&gt;2005 member of Fulbright Award Binational Committee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;Traducción: LuisCornelio@gmail.com&lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,&amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot; lang=&quot;EN-US&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/2677053654854854400/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/2677053654854854400' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2677053654854854400'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2677053654854854400'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/09/como-obtener-una-beca-fulbright.html' title='¿Cómo obtener una beca Fulbright?'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-2503392174780708186</id><published>2009-09-15T22:37:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-09-15T22:43:16.649-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Pensamiento Latinoamericano"/><title type='text'>El rompecabezas latinoamericano</title><content type='html'>A continuación comparto con ustedes un interesante artículo de José Sotillo, profesor en la Complutense de Madrid. El artículo toca temas como la presencia militar de EEUU en Colombia, el golpe de Estado en Honduras, El caudillo venezolano, entre otros.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a title=&quot;View El Rompecabezas Latinoamericano on Scribd&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/19792106/El-Rompecabezas-Latinoamericano&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;El Rompecabezas Latinoamericano&lt;/a&gt; &lt;object codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; id=&quot;doc_615919491735268&quot; name=&quot;doc_615919491735268&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; &gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; 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name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;68&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;69&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;70&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;71&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;72&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;73&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; 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unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;32&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;33&quot; semihidden=&quot;false&quot; unhidewhenused=&quot;false&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;Book Title&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;37&quot; name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;&gt;   &lt;w:lsdexception locked=&quot;false&quot; priority=&quot;39&quot; qformat=&quot;true&quot; name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;&gt;  &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt; &lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;style&gt; &lt;!--  /* Font Definitions */  @font-face 	{font-family:&quot;Cambria Math&quot;; 	panose-1:2 4 5 3 5 4 6 3 2 4; 	mso-font-charset:1; 	mso-generic-font-family:roman; 	mso-font-format:other; 	mso-font-pitch:variable; 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	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-bidi-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-bidi; 	mso-fareast-language:EN-US;} .MsoPapDefault 	{mso-style-type:export-only; 	margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	line-height:115%;} @page Section1 	{size:612.0pt 792.0pt; 	margin:70.85pt 3.0cm 70.85pt 3.0cm; 	mso-header-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-footer-margin:36.0pt; 	mso-paper-source:0;} div.Section1 	{page:Section1;} --&gt; &lt;/style&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt; &lt;style&gt;  /* Style Definitions */  table.MsoNormalTable 	{mso-style-name:&quot;Tabla normal&quot;; 	mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0; 	mso-tstyle-colband-size:0; 	mso-style-noshow:yes; 	mso-style-priority:99; 	mso-style-qformat:yes; 	mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;; 	mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; 	mso-para-margin-top:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-right:0cm; 	mso-para-margin-bottom:10.0pt; 	mso-para-margin-left:0cm; 	line-height:115%; 	mso-pagination:widow-orphan; 	font-size:11.0pt; 	font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,&quot;sans-serif&quot;; 	mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin; 	mso-fareast-font-family:&quot;Times New Roman&quot;; 	mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-fareast; 	mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; 	mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;} &lt;/style&gt; &lt;![endif]--&gt;A continuación comparto una pequeña discusión que tuve con algunos compañeros del Facebook. Discutíamos sobre la legalidad o no del aborto. &lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;input name=&quot;charset_test&quot; value=&quot;€,´,€,´,水,Д,Є&quot; type=&quot;hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;input name=&quot;fb_dtsg&quot; value=&quot;Knivq&quot; type=&quot;hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;display: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;input name=&quot;post_form_id&quot; value=&quot;bf7dfc49a1c9a04a3cc14ef4725735da&quot; type=&quot;hidden&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shapetype id=&quot;_x0000_t75&quot; coordsize=&quot;21600,21600&quot; spt=&quot;75&quot; preferrelative=&quot;t&quot; path=&quot;m@4@5l@4@11@9@11@9@5xe&quot; filled=&quot;f&quot; stroked=&quot;f&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:stroke joinstyle=&quot;miter&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:formulas&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;if lineDrawn pixelLineWidth 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 1 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum 0 0 @1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @2 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @3 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @0 0 1&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @6 1 2&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelWidth&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @8 21600 0&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;prod @7 21600 pixelHeight&quot;&gt;   &lt;v:f eqn=&quot;sum @10 21600 0&quot;&gt;  &lt;/v:formulas&gt;  &lt;v:path extrusionok=&quot;f&quot; gradientshapeok=&quot;t&quot; connecttype=&quot;rect&quot;&gt;  &lt;o:lock ext=&quot;edit&quot; aspectratio=&quot;t&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shapetype&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_1&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1033&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/z2HFX/hash/bjamloip.gif&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:.75pt;&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image001.gif&quot; title=&quot;bjamloip&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image001.gif&quot; alt=&quot;http://static.ak.fbcdn.net/rsrc.php/z2HFX/hash/bjamloip.gif&quot; shapes=&quot;Imagen_x0020_1&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;1&quot; /&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;color:blue;&quot;   &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_2&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1032&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:37.5pt;height:37.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis Manuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Muy bonita historia María, gracias por compartirla. Sobre tú pregunta de si hubiese abortado, pues creo que tu pregunta es contingente y está un poco fuera de sitio. Las circunstacias en las que un aborto puede ser realizado o no son más complejas que a la estrecha y limitada definición a la que &quot;muchos&quot; quieren limitar esta palabra. Sobre tu pregunta, pues dependiendo de las circunstancias, sí lo hubiera abortado.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Yesterday at 12:44pm · Delete&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1636541727&amp;amp;ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Mariel León&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Gracias Luis Manuel! Tambi... Read Moreén te comento que el derecho a la vida es mucho más amplio que el que &quot;muchos&quot; le quieren atribuir. Si hay vida desde la concepción, lo humano y racional es protegerla siempre que sea posible y la vida y la salud de la madre no esté en juego. Si hay dudas sobre desde cuándo hay vida y hay un 50%-50% de posibilidades, ante la duda, que reine la vida contra el acto barbárico del infanticidio. Finalmente, cualquefuesen las circunstancias por las cuales lo hubieses abortado, sería bueno preguntarle a él hoy qué hubiese preferido. Te aseguro que estar vivo.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_3&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1031&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:37.5pt;height:37.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; shapes=&quot;Imagen_x0020_3&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Él no existía cuando entonces, y en tal caso, también te hubiera podido contestar que NO quería nacer, por lo que, ese argumento es ambiguo también. En mi opinión la discusión sobre el tema del aborto trasciende el ámbito de la ciencia pues es una discusión ética y moral, por eso no es fundamental que los científicos nos digan cuando comienza exactamente la vida humana. En mi opinión la diferencia radica en comprender que ni por ética ni por ley y mucho menos por constitución o leyes establecidas los seres humanos están llamados a ser buenos samaritanos.La vida, antes de pertenecerle al niño le pertenece a la madre. Y si vas a traer a Dios a la discusión te diría que mis planteamientos parten desde un estado presuntamente cimentado sobre el estado derecho. Desde la perspectiva cristiana el aborto es &quot;un acto barbárico del infanticidio&quot; como tú señalas, pero como te dije anteriormente, no estamos llamados por leyes constitucionales a ser &quot;buenos samaritanos&quot;.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Gullón   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Al leer todas estas opiniones, quisiera decir: que mi derecho termina donde empieza el derecho del otro. No es algo de ser buenos o malos sino de respetar el derecho a la vida que todos tenemos. Nadie debe decidir si otro debe vivir o no, y mucho menos cuando no esté en posición de defenderse.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_4&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1030&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:37.5pt;height:37.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; shapes=&quot;Imagen_x0020_4&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis Manuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Entonces quieres decir que no hay diferencia entre posibilidad y realidad? Sí eso es cierto comparto en un 100% tu opinión. NO al Aborto!!!&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Luis Manuel, gracias de nuevo por compartir. Resulta edificante conocer tu punto de vista. Te voy a dar un punto de vista t... Read Moreécnico-jurídico: el derecho a la vida desde la concepción está reconocido en el Pacto de San José del cual RD y la mayoría de los países latinoamericanos son signatarios. Es poco probable que todos esos países hayan corroborado este hecho y la necesidad de proteger a los no nacidos por meros asuntos religiosos. Seguramente lo hicieron porque el tema de la vida DEFINITIVAMENTE toca la &quot;moral&quot; y la &quot;ética&quot; que tú mencionas. Si bien los ciudadanos de RD pueden ser inmorales y antiéticos, también es verdad que el Estado está llamado a regular las acciones de sus ciudadanos de una manera positiva: no al robo, no a las drogas y definitivamente NO al homicidio en todas sus denominaciones que incluye el infanticidio. Estos aspectos se determinan por hechos y sobre cuándo hay vida o no, pueden versar los médicos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Si hay vida desde la concepción (hasta a un dentista le puedes preguntar eso) y el Estado ha determinado que el homicidio es penado por la ley, el homicidio de los no nacidos no es la excepción desde el punto de vista teológico, jurídico, médico, moral y ético.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_5&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1029&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:37.5pt;height:37.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; shapes=&quot;Imagen_x0020_5&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Me encantó tu penúltima respuesta, la última ya la habíamos visto. Sobre tu penúltima respuesta entonces podría decir que el que la mayoría de un grupo dé como bueno y válido &quot;x&quot; enunciado, en términos factuales esto no significa en lo absoluto que dichas conclusiones morales sean ciertas. De hecho, la historia de la humanidad es testigo del relativismo de los valores morales. Creo que lo más edificante de todo esto es que haya capacidad de diálogo y de escuchar al otro como tú y el grupo con el que trabajas promueven.Cuando tengas tiempo dale un ojo all artículo de J.Thomsom:&quot;A defense of Abortion&quot;. La verdad que escuchar su punto de vista fue lo que me hizo cambiar mi postura sobre el Aborto. OJO, no soy pro-abortista simplemente arguyo que no estamos llamados por LEY a ser buenos samaritanos. Lo ideal, obviamente, es que todos fueramos buenos samaritanos. Un abrazo. Si te interesa el artículo:&lt;a href=&quot;http://spot.colorado.edu/%7Eheathwoo/Phil160,Fall02/thomson.htm&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;http://spot.colorado.edu/~heathwoo/Phil160,Fall02/thomson.htm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Juan   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;muy pero muy edificantes comentarios sobre el aborto, de verdad que si, yo taba en pantalon corto y comiendo palomita de maiz viendo esto como si fuera una pelicula hasta que mencionaron a mi clase.soy odontologo.&lt;br /&gt;y quisiera aportar algo:&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;cuando veo a las que estan a favor del aborto que dicen: &#39;&#39;TENGO DERECHOS&#39;&#39; POR QUE YO SOY UN SER HUMANO!!! y yo me pregunto entonces cuales son los derechos de la criatura que esta en ese vientre. QUIEN!!!!!!&lt;br /&gt;... Read More&lt;br /&gt;Ahora si el embarazo trae problema y se determina que la criatura tiene problema y esa criatura muere dentro del vientre ni modo por qu eentonces la madre tendra problemas y puede morir.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;ahora cuando se aborta que los mueve a hacer estas cosas??&lt;br /&gt;cunado una criatura esta en completa salud por que esta mujer decide eso?&lt;br /&gt;primero pienso que metio la pata, luego digo &#39;&#39;el que juega con fuego se quema&#39;&#39;&lt;br /&gt;pero que hay si viene una violacion tengo o no una criatura de un sirvenguenza, son preguntas importante.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Juan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;ahora yo creo que en este pais la mayoria de las que exigen sus derechos es por que no estan haciendo sus deberes,&lt;br /&gt;las que exigen esto son las mayorias que menten la pata y se le olvidan tomar la pastilla de emergencia,&lt;br /&gt;son las que adulteran, las que fornican y las que hacen lo indebido.&lt;br /&gt;a las que violan el estado lo que se tiene que poner es en poner proteccion para que esta cosas no pasen, claro es complejo todo esto ocmo lo mencionaron por qu eel estado confia en un padre de hogar, como el estado puede frenar una violacion de un padre a su jia por ejemplo, tendra que poner fiscales en la casa de uno?&lt;br /&gt;pero si el estado pone saciones ejemplares estas cosas se desendieran.... Read More&lt;br /&gt;no quiero traer polemica en ninguna forma sino traer luz,que le vamos a dar a nuestros hijos? que sociedad le ofreceremos, que principio le dejaremos como legado.&lt;br /&gt;como jovenes debemos luchar para que nuestro vivir sea bueno y placentero por que no.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/troncosomanon?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Juan Carlos&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Juan   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;como dice un hombre viejooooo de alla patra &quot; el hombre tiene un vacio del tamaño y forma de Dios&quot; mientras mas buscamos de Dios, mas le conocemos, asi mismo nuestras vidas seran mejores.&lt;br /&gt;amen!!!!! &quot;el futuro no es mañana es hoy&quot;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/troncosomanon?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Juan Carlos&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Juan   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;por supuesto estoy en contra del aborto&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1636541727&amp;amp;ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Mariel León&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Lo único que puedo decir es que un concepto relativo y por tanto distorsionado del derecho a la vida fue precisamente lo que impulsó a Stalin, a Hitler y las más grandes barbaridades que ha visto la humanidad. Quiera Dios, el TODOPODEROSO, arrojar luz a ese respecto en las almas de cada uno de nosotros pues innegablemente llegará el día en que tendremos que dar cuentas por nuestra acción o inacción al respecto. Dios nos guíe y nos bendiga a todos.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis Manuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Juan Carlos muchas gracias por tu opinión, me parece muy válida. Quiero resaltar dos puntos. 1ro. Vamos a dar como válida la afirmación de que el niño, aún no nacido, tiene los mismos derechos que una persona. Por tanto abortarle sería cometer asesinato. Si eso es cierto, y la madre y el niño tienen los mismos derechos, por qué entonces cuando la vida de la madre está en peligro estos derechos cambian y se escoge la vida de la madre? Ohhh, tamaña contradicción, parece que nuevamente caemos en la relatividad de la moralidad jurídica. Parece que el concepto de persona y de &quot;derecho a la vida&quot; cambian bajo circunstancias adversas. Si la ley admite que ante el peligo de que la madre muera, se debe salvar a la madre, OJO, implícitamente se está afirmando que la madre tiene más derechos que el niño aún no nacido. Qué curioso no? La teología cristiana afirma que la dignidad de la persona humana es inviolable, pero al parecer este caso es la excepción. Hummm! weird no?&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot; &quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;&lt;!--[if gte vml 1]&gt;&lt;v:shape id=&quot;Imagen_x0020_6&quot; spid=&quot;_x0000_i1028&quot; type=&quot;#_x0000_t75&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;&amp;quot;Luis Manuel&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;&#39;width:37.5pt;height:37.5pt;visibility:visible;mso-wrap-style:square&#39;&quot; button=&quot;t&quot;&gt;  &lt;v:imagedata src=&quot;file:///C:\Users\LUISCO~1\AppData\Local\Temp\msohtmlclip1\01\clip_image002.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt; &lt;/v:shape&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if !vml]--&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;img src=&quot;file:///C:/Users/LUISCO%7E1/AppData/Local/Temp/msohtmlclip1/01/clip_image002.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot; shapes=&quot;Imagen_x0020_6&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;50&quot; width=&quot;50&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis Manuel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;2do. Te comento Carlos que cuando dices, &quot;las que exigen esto son las mayorias que menten la pata y se le olvidan tomar la pastilla de emergencia, son las que adulteran, las que fornican y las que hacen lo indebido&quot;, siento que cuando leo tus palabras me parece estuviera leyendo el libro del Lev... Read Moreítico junto con todas las leyes del antiguo testamento proclamadas desde una concepción machista e intolerante. Permíteme preguntarte, ¿quiénes somos nosotros para decir quien mete la pata y quién no? o de estar tachando a las &quot;que fornican y la que hacen lo indevido&quot; como dices tú. Y el hombre qué? Pobres mujeres, encima de que tienen que cargar con la culpa de lo que sólo se logra entre DOS también tienen que cargar con discursos intelectuales disfrazados de moralidad cristiana y de una extraña teología pentatéutica. Qué Dios las ampare mis queridas compañeras porque por lo que veo sí que estamos a años luz de igualdad de género, y encima, el artículo 30.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1636541727&amp;amp;ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Mariel León&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;De hecho no Luis Manuel. Has dado en el punto de la publicidad enga... Read Moreñosa a la que está sometida nuestra sociedad con el término &quot;aborto terapéutico&quot;. TERAPIA significa devolver la salud a su estado original o mejorarla. Salud según los términos de la OMS incluye aspectos psicológicos, económicos, entre otros. Resultado: En España este año el 95% de los abortos sucedieron porque el embarazo era muy &quot;estresante&quot; para la madre. Seguimos diciendo: NO AL ABORTO. Lo que debe pasar y pasa en caso de que la vida o la salud de la madre esté en riesgo es que se le aplique el tratamiento debido. SI COMO CONSECUENCIA DE ESTE -lo cual no es 100%- se pierde la vida del feto, no se ha producido un aborto terapéutico sino indirecto o espontáneo porque el tratamiento no se indujo para resolver la vida del feto sino para salvar la vida de la madre.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=1636541727&amp;amp;ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Mariel León&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;color:blue;&quot;  &gt;Mariel   &lt;!--[if !supportLineBreakNewLine]--&gt;  &lt;!--[endif]--&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;Por dem... Read Moreás, no hay ninguna incongruencia. Si se apuesta a salvar la vida de la madre se apuesta a salvar la vida de ambos. Sin madre ni hay criatura y negarle el tratamiento a la madre es negarle el tratamiento a ambos. De ahí que no hay tal incongruencia como la que tú denuncias. Es cierto, es interesante el tema. Ya esta discusión sobre el aborto indirecto la han tenido otro países y sabes cómo lo han solucionado? Mira el ordenamiento jurídico de Honduras, Paraguay, Guatemala, Perú, etc. EN EL CODIGO PENAL SE PONE UN ARTICULO DONDE, SI LA MADRE QUIERE Y DOS MEDICOS CERTIFICAN QUE SU VIDA ESTA EN PELIGRO, SE APLICA EL TRATAMIENTO DE INMEDIATO. Pq se pone en el Código Penal cuando la Constitución dice lo mismo? Sencillamente porque sus Artículos 30 revelan claramente QUE SI LA VIDA SE PROTEGE DESDE LA CONCEPCION ESTO NO EXCLUYE LA DE LA MADRE. De lo contrario, si el Código Penal estuviera en contrariedad con la Constitución, el mismo fuera INCONSTITUCIONAL.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot; title=&quot;Luis Manuel&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:100%;&quot;  &gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.facebook.com/luiscornelio?ref=mf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color:blue;&quot;&gt;Luis&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;;font-family:&amp;quot;;font-size:12pt;&quot;  &gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Puntos econtrados que siempre seguirán en discusión.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/2906019449963619840/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/2906019449963619840' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2906019449963619840'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2906019449963619840'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/08/debatiendo-sobre-el-aborto.html' title='Debatiendo sobre El Aborto'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh8fbCNHYUHdpW1vTRPMDvnYeo52n9wNnvhFyHjaLsb5c3DOiK6UJXka0_ehtAKkSxLxG6ItOAfEZjcdEr1g7vKTnIyQXr_fd8nx6mK2zkh7E6PaUGDR2uxJZMz34cuJRBjhxtScXlqIxMG/s72-c/aborto-clandestino.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-447123581874074776</id><published>2009-08-06T12:27:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-08-06T13:00:59.979-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Huelga de Médicos Continúa. No se Graduarán</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtC2460IjGxBlYCb2Z9XcgmscVfcOQ6oSI0QTJ4S3EVwwgMvaaKs6nC4ywWGXnCjMzY4Ne-j6qO0ry8plBVddUYF22ML8tyAV7ApyMqU44sw3IlxnV3b4wqklqnhoaYfnc-RVjvK7_3xOT/s1600-h/Huelga_medicos_residentes_hospital_Bellvitge.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 250px; height: 250px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtC2460IjGxBlYCb2Z9XcgmscVfcOQ6oSI0QTJ4S3EVwwgMvaaKs6nC4ywWGXnCjMzY4Ne-j6qO0ry8plBVddUYF22ML8tyAV7ApyMqU44sw3IlxnV3b4wqklqnhoaYfnc-RVjvK7_3xOT/s320/Huelga_medicos_residentes_hospital_Bellvitge.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5366896639335562178&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;pretitulo&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: rgb(51, 51, 51);font-size:85%;&quot; &gt;Sto. Dgo. República Dominicana.&lt;/span&gt; El Secretario de Salud advierte a médicos residentes que &lt;a href=&quot;http://listindiario.com.do/app/article.aspx?id=110587&quot;&gt;no se graduarán&lt;/a&gt; y que tomará medidas frente a huelga.&lt;br /&gt;Mi pregunta es: Cuánto gana un médico general mensualmente? Yo conozco algunos que trabajan media tanda tres días a la semana. Por qué no aceptaron los médicos la propuesta del gobierno de que se les pagara por hora y por cantidad de pacientes atendidos? La Verdad que este asunto se torna cada vez más complicado.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/447123581874074776/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/447123581874074776' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/447123581874074776'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/447123581874074776'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/08/huelga-de-medicos-continua-no-se.html' title='Huelga de Médicos Continúa. No se Graduarán'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjtC2460IjGxBlYCb2Z9XcgmscVfcOQ6oSI0QTJ4S3EVwwgMvaaKs6nC4ywWGXnCjMzY4Ne-j6qO0ry8plBVddUYF22ML8tyAV7ApyMqU44sw3IlxnV3b4wqklqnhoaYfnc-RVjvK7_3xOT/s72-c/Huelga_medicos_residentes_hospital_Bellvitge.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-813493635436641788</id><published>2009-08-05T22:12:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-08-05T22:17:48.400-04:00</updated><title type='text'>La última lección</title><content type='html'>Si te tocara morir mañana y te pidieran dar un último consejo, aviso o lección a tus conocidos, cuál sería. Qué les dirías? Randy Pausch contesta a tan interesante pregunta y nos deja este video como regalo. Y tú? Cuál sería tu consejo de vida para tus amigos y familiares?&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height=&quot;344&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/hKRgLvmamUY&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/hKRgLvmamUY&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&amp;amp;&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; height=&quot;344&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/813493635436641788/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/813493635436641788' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/813493635436641788'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/813493635436641788'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/08/la-ultima-leccion.html' title='La última lección'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-7311393880482069185</id><published>2009-08-05T20:12:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-08-05T20:14:04.656-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Politica Social"/><title type='text'>Levantamiento de Prensa: Incidencia de la Sociedad Civil dominicana en el Presupuesto Nacional 1995-2008</title><content type='html'>&lt;a title=&quot;View Levantamiendo de Prensa: Incidencia de la Sociedad Civil Dominicana en el Presupuesto Nacional 1995-2008 on Scribd&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/18174321/Levantamiendo-de-Prensa-Incidencia-de-la-Sociedad-Civil-Dominicana-en-el-Presupuesto-Nacional-19952008&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Levantamiendo de Prensa: Incidencia de la Sociedad Civil Dominicana en el Presupuesto Nacional 1995-2008&lt;/a&gt; &lt;object codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; id=&quot;doc_142110240775806&quot; name=&quot;doc_142110240775806&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; &gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=18174321&amp;access_key=key-74tquyzarq2jrxuq42b&amp;page=1&amp;version=1&amp;viewMode=&quot;&gt; 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scale=&quot;showall&quot; wmode=&quot;opaque&quot; devicefont=&quot;false&quot; bgcolor=&quot;#ffffff&quot; name=&quot;doc_142110240775806_object&quot; menu=&quot;true&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; salign=&quot;&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot;  height=&quot;500&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt; &lt;/object&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/7311393880482069185/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/7311393880482069185' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/7311393880482069185'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/7311393880482069185'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/08/levantamiento-de-prensa-incidencia-de.html' title='Levantamiento de Prensa: Incidencia de la Sociedad Civil dominicana en el Presupuesto Nacional 1995-2008'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6376737708072633945</id><published>2009-06-02T17:16:00.003-04:00</published><updated>2009-06-02T17:36:03.343-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Social criticism"/><title type='text'>Marriage Equality</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeFUr-_TNKpih8G_rsmsf0EUOsf8tPigidaOaQKTBS-jUbPZt7nENxavX9RzPvue5Ek7EMyGozUhjl1L7zzqKsIQSkCBFjM-6ioqRrPu8yuqacEiSOzkvbHQEFH3BSuCj53rjsgtBkZcl/s1600-h/bush-gay-marriage.png&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 256px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeFUr-_TNKpih8G_rsmsf0EUOsf8tPigidaOaQKTBS-jUbPZt7nENxavX9RzPvue5Ek7EMyGozUhjl1L7zzqKsIQSkCBFjM-6ioqRrPu8yuqacEiSOzkvbHQEFH3BSuCj53rjsgtBkZcl/s320/bush-gay-marriage.png&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5342846983665648674&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkvrL_6Tf_ikGyxeb8KKF_hXAnvHi7wIogiimzRobwsafTcwZICcTEuMR6BCio4n4tAUh1-goAnvkBPRp4N7Wp-1kynzM5zyLDU-DfIOnFUX_xBLhnnU3fct3Vehexri8U8fWMJtPiomEK/s1600-h/Marriage+Equality+Matters.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 266px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhkvrL_6Tf_ikGyxeb8KKF_hXAnvHi7wIogiimzRobwsafTcwZICcTEuMR6BCio4n4tAUh1-goAnvkBPRp4N7Wp-1kynzM5zyLDU-DfIOnFUX_xBLhnnU3fct3Vehexri8U8fWMJtPiomEK/s320/Marriage+Equality+Matters.jpg&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5342846985381391714&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&gt;Marriage equality is a controversial topic well known to most of people. Not because everybody is interested in that topic but because most people have an opinion for or against it, even they are gay or not. Since I have been in California from May of last year, I have heard about the discussion; should marriage equality be for everyone? The question looks very easy to answer, at least for me. However, my answer, positive or not doesn´t explain by itself why this is so important for a lot of people. I decided to do some research about what privileges have married couples in United States. The answer really surprised me. Marriage offers more than 1,138 Federal benefits and responsibilities, not including hundreds more offered by every state. I think it is necessary to mention some of the main benefits of marriage because from that perspective we could understand why LBGTQ communities claim for Marriage equality.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Some of the benefits of Marriage are these:&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;ul type=&quot;disc&quot;&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;In times of crisis, spouses have      hospital visitation rights and can make medical decisions in event of      illness or disability of their spouse.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;Employers offer spouses sick      leave, bereavement leave, access to health insurance and pension&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;Married couples in elderly care facilities      are generally not separated unless one spouse&#39;s health dictates      hospitalization or special care.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;The dissolution of a marriage      requires a determination of property distribution, award of child custody      and support and spousal support. Absent divorce, there is no uniform      system for sorting out the ending of a relationship. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;With &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;marriage&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:10;&quot;&gt;, a couple has the right to be      treated as an economic unit and to file joint tax returns (and pay the      marriage penalty), and obtain joint health, home and auto insurance      policies. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt 0.5in; text-align: justify; line-height: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:12;&quot;&gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;After seeing some of the benefits of marriage several questions arrive to our essay. For instance, why are there big movements against same sex marriage? What are the justifications, if any, against marriage rights for everyone? Should homosexual couples understand that marriage is a social arrangement that does not apply to them? Or maybe, should heterosexual couples see that a social agreement it is not enough to affect the rights of others? &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;My idea to develop this essay is the next one. First, I will bring some of the arguments against marriage equality for everyone. Then, I will make some comments on Professor Bockover´s point of view. Finally I will share my own opinion about this controversial topic. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;Two of the arguments against marriage equality exposed in the HSU Ethic Forum seem to me to be the most widely accepted. The first one is the Natural Law and the second one Theology argument. The first one has a very strong weight in Western and Eastern society because of religion.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;The weight of “tradition” with all the implications that that word implies, is really important here. The natural law theory says that actions are right when they are natural and wrong when those actions are unnatural.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In other words, social actions, to be considered right, should be in accordance with nature.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Because homosexuality is not in accordance with nature, equal marriage is inacceptable. The second theory, very accepted in Western culture, is the theological theory. According to this metaphysical doctrine marriage between equal sexes is a bias. Marriage is only allowed between a man and a woman because that is what God created. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;It is not my intention in this essay to give a detailed description about the two theories above mentioned. However, I will defend those theories, although I´m not in agreement with them. Why are those theories, the natural and the theological, so accepted by many people? I will put myself in the place of them, the place of the people who do not agree with marriage equality.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;First of all, we cannot accept what we cannot understand.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is understandable but not justifiable that some people reject homosexuals because they just cannot see themselves, sexually, with another person of their same sex.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;It is hard to change the mentality of a whole community. However, it is the role of our system of education to teach to the coming generation about tolerance of all of those controversial topics that for “natural law,” but not for psychology, are hard to understand. I have seen in many cases that children from tolerant and open-minded parents have more of probability to understand and accept what they have learned. My second argument to defend those who are against married equality is to analyze the weight of tradition in human society. This explanation is connected with the theological argument. The word &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;tradition&lt;/span&gt; comes from the Latin &lt;i&gt;traditionem&lt;/i&gt;, acc. of &lt;i&gt;traditio&lt;/i&gt; which means &quot;handing over, passing on&quot;.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Traditions are often presumed to be ancient, unalterable, and deeply important, though they may sometimes be much less &quot;natural&quot; than is presumed.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Adding to the weight of tradition we have a lot of kinds of religious beliefs. Unfortunately, most of them, in different ways, are against equal marriage equality for homosexuals. From the understanding of tradition we can see, in a simplistic way, why so many people see homosexuality like an aberration. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;After seeing two of the main arguments against marriage equality let´s summarize and make some comments on Professor Mary Bockover´s point of view in the HSU Ethic Forum. Professor Bockover believes that the view that legal marriage should be restricted to heterosexual couples is upheld in some misunderstandings based in what should be the role of the state in our lives. She proposes that the language of “marriage” should be abandoned in the political and legal language. This is because that word is loaded with a metaphysical meaning, “sanctity.” As all of us know, the role of the state does not include giving transcendental meaning to the citizens´ lives. From Bockover´s point of view “all citizens of age in the state of California should have an equal right to join into civil union with the person of their choosing”. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;She believes that rather than granting same-sex couples the legal right to marry we should take away that right from heterosexuals. In this position we will begin to talk about “civil unions” instead marriage. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;I am totally in agreement with Bockover´s point of view about civil unions instead of marriage equality, however, I will bring some arguments against her ideas with the intention of having a philosophical discussion instead of really being in disagreement with her point of view. First of all, why should we change the constitution and laws to allow same sex couples to get married? Do we not live in a democratic, political, and representative democracy? If that is true, and I´m pretty sure it is, should LGBTQ groups not accept that in a democratic battle they lost the rights that they were looking for? If we accepted, for instance, that McCain lost on November 4, why shouldn´t we accept that the intention to get marriage equality in California was lost as well? Maybe you will argue that in this case, different from the Republic defeat, we are talking about human rights, but I argue that it is not so simple like that. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;In the next paragraph I will explain my argument.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;Western society has a particular way to decide and to put in practice the most important decisions which will affect the population. We have called this democracy. Inside the term of democracy we have something that throughout history has been called “majority rule”. The &quot;majority rule&quot; is often described as a characteristic feature of democracy. Let´s see a brief definition of this term.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Majority rule&lt;/span&gt; is a decision rule that selects one of two alternatives, based on which has more than half of the votes. From this doctrine the numerical majority of an organized group can make decisions binding to the whole group. Although the controversial meaning of the majority rule is not our discussion here, we should accept, under the previous definition of “majority rule”, that everybody must accept the decisions that have been made by this strategy. Why? Because everybody, under the protection of the modern state, has signed, direct or indirectly, as Rosseau says, a &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;social contract&lt;/i&gt;: “…e&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;ach of us places his person and authority under the supreme direction of the general will, and the group receives each individual as an indivisible part of the whole...”. Rosseau (1762). If this is true, and it is, the general will only can be known by the “majority rule”, and because we are part of the Social Contract in the modern society, we should accept our political decisions. From this point of view Californians should accept, for a while and until future elections, that not all of them have the rights to get married because that is how the majority has decided. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;In my last argument against equal marriage for everyone we have a standoff, because the fact that the majority in a social group decides something, in this case, the approval or not of marriage equality, does not mean that that the decision is ethically correct. But this is not the discussion here. My intention was to have a philosophical discussion of the theme.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In my opinion everyone should have the right to get married. However, I´m not sure that every kind of couple should have the right to adopt or have a baby. But, again, that is not the discussion of this paper.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;Concluding this essay I will ask again; should have everyone, homosexuals and heterosexuals couples, the right to get married or not? I see that kind of questions and I still cannot believing that, after more than three centuries talking about human rights we still asking that kind of questions. The first article of the United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights is still being just a beautiful sentence for most of the government over the world. The delightful and brilliant phrase &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;All human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights. They are endowed with reason and conscience and should act towards one another in a spirit of brotherhood” is still applicable only for some groups of human community and not for all human beings. Sometimes, when I think about those kinds of questions asking about who deserve rights and who does not I feel so outraged and angry that I prefer do not talk about it. For many people the question nowadays is not what is and which are human rights, everybody knows the answer of that. It seems to me that the question nowadays is who is human and who deserve those human rights. It is true, as we can see in the contemporary world that lesbians, gays, transsexuals, immigrants and minorities are not included in that group. I am pretty sure, with a little of hope, that in a few hundred years we will look to the past and we will say: how can it be possible that one hundred years ago our old generation hesitate or were not sure about the rights of LGBT groups. I hope we will ask that question and everything will be different because nowadays we ask how could it be possible that one hundred year ago women didn’t have the same rights as men. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Everybody should have the same rights based in the fact every human being is endowed with those rights. At least something is very good here; the fact that we are still discussing about who has rights and who doesn´t, is a positive signal concerning the ability of human beings to discover themselves. It is true that some members of our social community cannot see that, but it is also true that the discussion is still open and that is a hope for all of us.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;We will continue fighting for the ideals that we believe. Hence, one sunny day, as has happened before in history, we will see our hopes and dreams turned into reality.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;Equal marriage for everyone!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6376737708072633945/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6376737708072633945' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6376737708072633945'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6376737708072633945'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/06/marriage-equality.html' title='Marriage Equality'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhLeFUr-_TNKpih8G_rsmsf0EUOsf8tPigidaOaQKTBS-jUbPZt7nENxavX9RzPvue5Ek7EMyGozUhjl1L7zzqKsIQSkCBFjM-6ioqRrPu8yuqacEiSOzkvbHQEFH3BSuCj53rjsgtBkZcl/s72-c/bush-gay-marriage.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6912398019499092718</id><published>2009-04-23T23:20:00.002-04:00</published><updated>2009-04-23T23:21:02.972-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Philosophy of science"/><title type='text'>Are Sciences Values-Free?</title><content type='html'>&lt;a title=&quot;View Are the Sciences Values-Free on Scribd&quot; href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/doc/14579440/Are-the-Sciences-ValuesFree&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12px auto 6px auto; font-family: Helvetica,Arial,Sans-serif; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: normal; font-size: 14px; line-height: normal; font-size-adjust: none; font-stretch: normal; -x-system-font: none; display: block; text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Are the Sciences Values-Free&lt;/a&gt; &lt;object codebase=&quot;http://download.macromedia.com/pub/shockwave/cabs/flash/swflash.cab#version=9,0,0,0&quot; id=&quot;doc_24336000854158&quot; name=&quot;doc_24336000854158&quot; classid=&quot;clsid:d27cdb6e-ae6d-11cf-96b8-444553540000&quot; align=&quot;middle&quot; height=&quot;500&quot; width=&quot;100%&quot; &gt;  &lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://d.scribd.com/ScribdViewer.swf?document_id=14579440&amp;access_key=key-1mep03n2k76hji5dyy8j&amp;page=1&amp;version=1&amp;viewMode=&quot;&gt;   &lt;param name=&quot;quality&quot; value=&quot;high&quot;&gt; 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A review of Judith Jarvis Thomsom</title><content type='html'>&lt;a onblur=&quot;try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}&quot; href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq3uhcHlSl4lDiCy-1c_BjFRY05bUYI_v8XMFTMnoNttkOnwqBovyIJZaurUkrHMbyGDcdA_5SZJbx0rz5lsY2FNZ_X8CSBcuVbcCuGkHv59jyrSm6DXTXaIeXPu782QGqBgAuv_7uYqoA/s1600-h/abortion.bmp&quot;&gt;&lt;img style=&quot;margin: 0pt 10px 10px 0pt; float: left; cursor: pointer; width: 320px; height: 289px;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq3uhcHlSl4lDiCy-1c_BjFRY05bUYI_v8XMFTMnoNttkOnwqBovyIJZaurUkrHMbyGDcdA_5SZJbx0rz5lsY2FNZ_X8CSBcuVbcCuGkHv59jyrSm6DXTXaIeXPu782QGqBgAuv_7uYqoA/s320/abortion.bmp&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5306552619531342882&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Why don´t we have a clear and strong answer about most of the moral issues that are considered important in our XXI century? Why after centuries of discussing about moral values, philosophy, and religion does it seem to us that the answers that we have been looking for are not even close? Without a doubt we could say with Wittgenstein “that even when all possible scientific questions have been answered the problems of life remain completely untouched” Wittgenstein (1991). So, if we won´t have an answer which satisfies everybody or which will not answer with certainty our questions, why should we have to think or even more, try to analyze the answer of someone else about a moral and controversial issue like abortion?&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;In the next few lines I will try to summarize, in the first place, J. Thomsom´s Essay; &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;A defense of Abortion&lt;/i&gt;, her thesis, arguments, and some of her examples&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/i&gt;I will then argue why Thomsom´s thesis seems to me deeper and stronger than the other three essays that we have read in class on abortion. Although I almost entirely agree with Thomsom´s argument, in my conclusion, I will try to argue that an opinion about abortion shouldn´t be just an ethical, religious, political or scientific discussion but a dialogue between different perspectives, too. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;Thomsom´s essay begins with the conservative premise that the fetus is a full moral person with a right to live from conception. After that premise, that she doesn´t believe, Thomsom says that sometimes some pro-life groups accept that an abortion could be allowed only in extreme cases, such as, when a woman becomes pregnant after a sexual assault.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In a sarcastic tone Thomsom says; “If they (the fetuses) didn´t come into existence because of rape; [do] they have more of a right to live?” Certainly, this is a weird contradiction. After this point Thomsom with lead with one point of view about abortion: the extreme view; “Abortion is impermissible even to save the mother´s life.” As an ironic commentary the author informs us that whether the mother and child should have an equal right to live, we should perhaps flip a coin to decide who can live or not, but certainly she does not agree with that. This is only a strategy to show us her point of view. Moreover, and continuing with the discussion about the “extreme view” the author takes the four principal arguments that support that point of view: (1) the fetus is an innocent person, (2) to kill an innocent person is murder and murder is impermissible, (3) killing an innocent person is more stringent than one´s duty to keep a person from dying, and (4) between a very innocent person (the fetus) and a person, we should allow the very innocent to live. After all these conservative arguments, which from an ethical view, seems to look strong and not easy to destroy, Thomsom will say that all of the arguments are false for three reasons: (1) if the mother has to die the “innocent person” can be considered as a murderer, (2) it is not a murder to take away another life for self defense, and finally (3) we should remember that the mother’s body is the one who houses the fetus and not the contrary. “The house belongs to her”: Thomsom says. Therefore, if there is something that all human beings have, prior to claiming anything, it is their body. About that last point – our body belongs to us – we should also see that that affirmation, whether is true or not, has ethical and moral consequences in other controversial topics. I’m referring to the euthanasia and suicide, but that´s not our discussion now, let´s continue with Thomsom´s arguments.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;We just viewed briefly what Thomsom has to say about the “extreme view” of abortion, but when the mother´s life is not at risk, what does she say? The author gave us three imaginary examples to explain her next step, (1) the violinist plugged into your kidneys without you being asked about it, (2) The beautiful touching of Mr. Fonda´s cool and warm hand that somebody needs to stay alive, and (3) the two children with a chocolate box, the chocolate box belongs to one of the children. Those three examples are just trying to go to a single and main point. The fact that all human beings have a right to life does not guarantee having a right which allows you to continue using another person´s body. The author says more specifically; “The rights to life consist not in the right not to be killed, but rather in the right not to be killed unjustly.”&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;In a first look, this phrase seems to be strong and with lack of compassion, but certainly Thomsom will argue that we are not called by law to be Good Samaritans which is true. Indeed, the case of Kitty Genovese is just an example of that.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;The last argument of Thomsom’s that I want to bring up is her answer about whether or not abortion should be ethically allowed when a woman voluntarily indulges in intercourse, knowing the chances of getting pregnant. “Doesn´t her partial responsibility for its being there itself gives to the fetus a right to use of her body?” I first want to inform you, that that issue, when a woman and a man have sex irresponsibility without thinking about the consequences, makes me feel that in this case abortion shouldn´t be performed. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Nevertheless, Thomsom has a simple but good answer to this moral standoff view. She argues that knowledge does not necessarily mean intention. Moreover, she defends that we don´t have any such “special responsibility” for a person unless we have assumed it or taken the role. “Nobody is compelled by law to be a Good Samaritan,” quotes Thomsom.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;After this short summary of Thomsom´s essay &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;A defense of abortion&lt;/i&gt;, let´s comment on some points which seem very important to me. First of all, why did I take Thomsom´s essay instead of the other three articles that I could have chosen? I didn´t choose &lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt;Can late Abortion be ethically justified &lt;/i&gt;nor&lt;i style=&quot;&quot;&gt; Budhist Approaches to Abortion &lt;/i&gt;because their standpoint - although they were good, especially the first one - approaches abortion from a perspective that is not easy to understand in Western culture. This Eastern perspective proclaims that the supremacy of the society is more important than the existence of the singular person being alone by himself. Because one of my main purposes for studying Philosophy it helps me approach society and that society in my case is Western, I focused my attention to the first two articles written by Marquis and Thomsom. &lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;The reasons I didn´t choose Marquis´essay is because in my opinion Marquis Essay failed in three areas. (1) Marquis main thesis is that abortion is immoral because it takes the life of a being that will have a valuable future (like ours). On one hand we should reflect on the moral consequences of this idea not only in an abortion perspective but in other moral issues too. Before seeing those moral issues, let´s focus in one main point of Marquis idea: What is the meaning of “a valuable future”. In a briefly definition “a valuable future” means to me that a human being could or will have the possibilities to use his reason and his physical abilities in his adult life. Human beings in order to build their own life must take the minimum requirements to be able to exist by themselves. From Marquis Idea we could justify the death penalty, euthanasia, the murder of people on unconscious or with mental problems and so on. We could justify all those crimes because all of those persons that I mentioned before have something in common, they don´t have, or let´s say in another words, the society has decided that they don´t have a valuable future like us. Whether we are coherent with Marquis´ point of view, those morals consequences are true. On the other hand if we take the argument of the “value future” to an extreme point of view (2) a sperm and an ovum, also could have a value future like us. Therefore from that analysis we could conclude that the use of contraceptives in a sexual relation will be also inacceptable for morality. This is because we will be killing two cells which together could have “a value future” like us. Marquis is not taking into account the spread of sexually transmitted diseases like HIV and others more. (3) Finally, another weak point of Marquis ´idea is what Thomsom argued in her essay: “The rights to life consist not in the right not to be killed, but rather in the right not to be killed unjustly”. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Marquis doesn´t evaluate either this point or the idea that the mother and the fetus don’t have the same rights because the body belongs to the mother.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;Thomsom´s essay seems to me very strong, logical and difficult to contradict. Indeed, after reading her essay I have to admit that my thoughts and opinions on abortion have changed radically. Nevertheless, we should remember that humankind is not just a logical, scientific or structurally argumentative animal. Let´s remember that we are also called by nature to have compassion and to be Good Samaritans as well. It is true that we don´t have to be more person, more human or more Samaritan by law, but if not, then there wouldn’t be too much difference between the animal kingdom and humankind because they (animals) do not have any rules which tell them that they have to be noble by law. That is my only criticism to Thomsom´s argument, abortion is not only about “justice to live” but compassion to give life.&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;A moral answer about abortion won´t be simple, easy and radical as some groups pro-life and pro-choice think. A response on the abortion issue should be a dynamic and enrich dialogue between different classes of our society. With the same force with which we have been listening to the science in recent centuries, we should also listen to what religion, philosophy and politic sciences together have to say about our moral controversies. That, in fact, is the answer to the questions in the beginning of my essay. We don´t have to be tired trying to figure out the answers for our Moral Controversies because humankind is still alive when we talk and dialogue from different perspectives. We are more humans, more persons and less animals when we have the ability to think and talk at the same time without hurting others.&lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt;  &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;In conclusion, I think that, the bad news here is that we don´t have yet the specific answer on abortion as a moral topic of our society. However, the good news is that we are closer to the answer because the discussion is kept flowing and we are more capable to dialogue more on abortion and other controversial issues than past time periods. &lt;span style=&quot;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;border-style: none none solid; padding: 0in 0in 1pt;&quot;&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: medium none ; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: medium none ; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: medium none ; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border: medium none ; padding: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: 0.5in; line-height: 200%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 200%;font-size:12;&quot; &gt;&lt;o:p&gt; &lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:10;&quot; &gt;Wittgenstein, Ludwig. Tratactus Logico – Philosophicus, - Dover Publications (1998)&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bestwebbuys.com/Timothy_Shanahan-author.html?isrc=b-compare-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:10;&quot; &gt;Timothy Shanahan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:10;&quot; &gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.bestwebbuys.com/Robin_Wang-author.html?isrc=b-compare-author&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:10;&quot; &gt;Robin Wang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;line-height: 115%;font-size:10;&quot; &gt;, Reason and Insight: Western and Eastern Perspectives on the Pursuit of Moral Wisdom (2nd edition) 1996&lt;o:p&gt;&lt;/o:p&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/2879207208848873232/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/2879207208848873232' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2879207208848873232'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2879207208848873232'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/02/talking-about-abortion-review-of-judith.html' title='&quot;A defense of Abortion&quot; A review of Judith Jarvis Thomsom'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgq3uhcHlSl4lDiCy-1c_BjFRY05bUYI_v8XMFTMnoNttkOnwqBovyIJZaurUkrHMbyGDcdA_5SZJbx0rz5lsY2FNZ_X8CSBcuVbcCuGkHv59jyrSm6DXTXaIeXPu782QGqBgAuv_7uYqoA/s72-c/abortion.bmp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6006617406252530339</id><published>2009-01-29T20:10:00.001-04:00</published><updated>2009-01-29T20:12:10.114-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crítica Social"/><title type='text'>La historia de las Cosas. Explotación y explicación del Sistema Capitalista</title><content type='html'>Interesante análisis del sistema capitalista mundial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;embed id=&quot;VideoPlayback&quot; src=&quot;http://video.google.com/googleplayer.swf?docid=-5645724531418649230&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=true&quot; style=&quot;width: 400px; height: 326px;&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6006617406252530339/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6006617406252530339' title='2 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6006617406252530339'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6006617406252530339'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/01/la-historia-de-las-cosas-explotacion-y.html' title='La historia de las Cosas. Explotación y explicación del Sistema Capitalista'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>2</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-6970023740463520274</id><published>2009-01-04T03:02:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2009-01-04T03:03:52.427-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Filosofía contemporánea"/><title type='text'>10 ideas y crítica de &quot;Objetividad, relativismo y verdad&quot; Richard Rorty, Vol I</title><content type='html'>&lt;a title=&quot;View 10 ideas y crítica de &amp;quot;Objetividad, relativismo y verdad&amp;quot; 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style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Philosophy&lt;/a&gt;              &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/browse?c=106-culture&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Culture&lt;/a&gt;                  &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/tag/pragmatismo&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;pragmatismo&lt;/a&gt;              &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.scribd.com/tag/Objetivismo&quot; style=&quot;text-decoration: underline;&quot;&gt;Objetivismo&lt;/a&gt;       &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/6970023740463520274/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/6970023740463520274' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6970023740463520274'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/6970023740463520274'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/01/10-ideas-y-crtica-de-objetividad.html' title='10 ideas y crítica de &quot;Objetividad, relativismo y verdad&quot; Richard Rorty, Vol I'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-4889437512776263600</id><published>2009-01-03T13:30:00.004-04:00</published><updated>2009-01-03T13:47:44.681-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Filosofía contemporánea"/><title type='text'>Diferencia entre pragmatismo y relativismo</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidFRCpivr9jxDG_cZf9TyHt3qPK7QkR1sJfZLUGUO6bThvLHRntnRTJLobPa6i1T2M3h0Q-VhImONq4IQz4QO8nH1hPcQ0KvHhD4BGRZDXr5x82wEYEgMfMyDIlO-9VIvYnMC0Mxaa4yCE/s1600-h/pragmatism.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5287121958710437858&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 314px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidFRCpivr9jxDG_cZf9TyHt3qPK7QkR1sJfZLUGUO6bThvLHRntnRTJLobPa6i1T2M3h0Q-VhImONq4IQz4QO8nH1hPcQ0KvHhD4BGRZDXr5x82wEYEgMfMyDIlO-9VIvYnMC0Mxaa4yCE/s320/pragmatism.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Me baso en la filosofía de Richard Rorty para contestar la pregunta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;El núcleo&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;principal de la pragmática visión de conocimiento y verdad de la Filosofía de Rorty es que toda creencia o conocimiento está subordinada al contexto histórico, cultural y temporal que le acontece y que toda verdad es contingente. Ahora bien, se podría confundir fácilmente esta filosofía pragmática con el relativismo filosófico que ha imperado desde los inicios del pensamiento post-moderno. Para Rorty el relativismo en su esencia, es un pensamiento que se contradice en sí mismo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:100%;&quot;&gt;Más aún, es una corriente filosófica que sostiene que cualquier verdad o pensamiento, cualquier teoría o creencia son tan bueno como otras tantas y por tal razón no podemos pretender que una sea la auténtica o la más válida. Sin embargo, ¿cuál es la definición de pragmatismo que nos presenta Rorty? Y ¿cómo podemos diferenciar este pragmatismo del pensamiento relativista postmoderno que tanto se le asemeja? La filosofía de Rorty, la pragmatista, “asume que las cosas (los entes, los acontecimientos) valen, son verdaderas, son buenas, no en sí mismas sino por las consecuencias prácticas, contingentes y útiles que ellas ofrecen para lo que el sujeto (o la sociedad) desea obtener”. Darós (2001) p. 96. En otras palabras, para Rorty, su filosofía pragmática no es un mero utilitarismo o relativismo filosófico, es más bien un pensamiento en el que la utilidad es un ámbito mayor donde todo es contingente y no se dan verdades y valores absolutas. La diferencia principal, a mi entender, entre relativismo y pragmatismo es que, en esta última, las verdades, aún siendo relativas, responden a un contexto cultural y al bien común de la sociedad. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;Rorty sostiene que relativismo es el adjetivo con el cual los “realistas” califican a los filósofos pragmatistas. Sin embargo para él tres características casi inter-relacionadas entre pragmatismo y relativismo ayudan a marcar la diferencia:&lt;br /&gt;1. Toda teoría o creencia es buena como otra cualquiera&lt;br /&gt;2. El término verdad es un término equívoco que tiene tantos significados como justificaciones.&lt;br /&gt;3. No hay nada que argumentar sobre “verdad” o “racionalismo” aparte de las descripciones o los procedimientos de justificación que “nuestra sociedad” usa en las distintas áreas del conocimiento.&lt;br /&gt;            Para Rorty la tesis que soporta a la filosofía pragmatista es la tercera, las otras dos son ideas propias del relativismo.&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/4889437512776263600/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/4889437512776263600' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/4889437512776263600'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/4889437512776263600'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/01/diferencia-entre-pragmatismo-y.html' title='Diferencia entre pragmatismo y relativismo'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEidFRCpivr9jxDG_cZf9TyHt3qPK7QkR1sJfZLUGUO6bThvLHRntnRTJLobPa6i1T2M3h0Q-VhImONq4IQz4QO8nH1hPcQ0KvHhD4BGRZDXr5x82wEYEgMfMyDIlO-9VIvYnMC0Mxaa4yCE/s72-c/pragmatism.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-8768188110155107907</id><published>2009-01-02T23:36:00.000-04:00</published><updated>2009-01-02T23:37:03.853-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Materialismo Histórico</title><content type='html'>La historia de la humanidad, desde sus orígenes, se ha destacado por una lucha constante del ser humano en la que distintos grupos sociales,  ya sea por intereses generales que devienen en personales o viceversa, se han preocupado, mediante los medios disponibles en cada época, de encaminar hacia sí mismos los bienes considerados como valiosos y necesarios para la supervivencia. En otras palabras, cada casta, grupo o tribu, pueblo, estado o nación, identificándose a sí mismo como un todo con intereses particulares, cohesionados entre sí por la cultura y el idioma que les une, lucha bajo intereses comunes para promover y gestionar los intereses que contribuyen a la subsistencia de su sociedad. Esta lucha por promover los intereses particulares la encontramos desde las sociedades esclavistas de la antigüedad, Mesopotamia, Egipto, Grecia o Roma, hasta las comunidades feudales de la Europa medieval, desde el descubrimiento de un Nuevo Mundo palpitante y virgen lleno de inocencia y casi sin explotar, hasta el nacimiento de las primeras ciudades promotoras de la revolución industrial.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Luchas envestidas y cruentas atestiguan a un ser humano capaz de llegar hasta los extremos bélicos en busca de una prosperidad que le dignifique a él y a los de su común entorno social. Es bajo estos criterios, desde una visión un tanto materialista de la historia, que se podría entender, más no justificar, las guerras y cualquier tipo de acto bélico que contradiga los principios básicos de la humanidad. El ser humano busca en cada instante su prosperidad y la de sus cercanos y él mismo es capaz de llegar hasta sus propios límites para llegar a alcanzar a como dé lugar los bienes y servicios que definen y catalogan la existencia digna.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/8768188110155107907/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/8768188110155107907' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/8768188110155107907'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/8768188110155107907'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2009/01/materialismo-histrico.html' title='Materialismo Histórico'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-1642375923277000592</id><published>2008-12-11T01:02:00.004-04:00</published><updated>2008-12-11T01:10:41.873-04:00</updated><title type='text'>Book Review: Objectivity, relativism, and truth: Philosophical Papers I (Richard Rorty)</title><content type='html'>&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQlPPIRcMc0-Y4J_HZqYbwZLD9soK8dNTuwX24fa7m75ss371NMdt1eeK0pT7mtsRpkHzRKq4Rfb3vPe8hO50sMD2eJX5dZjQU2Br_rDzGC9BzOeP266eJ5ca5CLMJJpo4d-uqHgeb4ytE/s1600-h/07rorty.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img id=&quot;BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5278394626957730210&quot; style=&quot;FLOAT: left; MARGIN: 0px 10px 10px 0px; WIDTH: 211px; CURSOR: hand; HEIGHT: 320px&quot; alt=&quot;&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQlPPIRcMc0-Y4J_HZqYbwZLD9soK8dNTuwX24fa7m75ss371NMdt1eeK0pT7mtsRpkHzRKq4Rfb3vPe8hO50sMD2eJX5dZjQU2Br_rDzGC9BzOeP266eJ5ca5CLMJJpo4d-uqHgeb4ytE/s320/07rorty.jpg&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:78%;&quot;&gt;Richard Rorty, Objectivity, relativism, and truth: Philosophical papers, Volume I. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-521-35877-9. $11.95 (paper); 226 pp. (indexed), and Essays on Heidegger and others: Philosophical papers, Volume H. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1991. ISBN 0-521-35878-7. $11.95 (paper); 202 pp. (indexed).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Book Review by Alan Milchman and Alan Rosenberg&lt;/strong&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-size:78%;&quot;&gt;Queens College of the City University of New York 65-30 Kissena Boulevard Flushing, NY 11367-1597 USA&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Richard Rorty is a thinker whose writings generate controversy. Reading these papers, which span the decade of the 1980s, is an unsettling ex- perience. It is virtually impossible to confront Rorty&#39;s arguments -epis-temological, historical, or political -without becoming engaged, without being provoked. Rorty produces this effect on his readers because he creates a tension which compels us to rethink old and established &quot;truths&quot;; his arguments disrupt the flow of the taken-for-granted. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;To this ability to provoke, must be added a capacity to straddle the two traditions that dominate contemporary philosophy: the Anglo-American analytic and the Continental. Rorty is important to those who read Sellars, Quine, Davidson, and Putnam, as well as those who read Heidegger, Lyotard, Vattimo, and Habermas. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Finally, Rorty - like his intellectual progenitor, John Dewey - is as much at home in passionate debates over politics as he is with discussions of complex epistemological questions. Rorty&#39;s papers move effortlessly back and forth between issues that concern the philosopher and the citizen. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The papers in these volumes focus on three interrelated themes. First, Rorty offers an anti-representationalist account of knowledge, on the basis of which &quot;knowledge is not a matter of getting reality right, but rather ... a matter of acquiring habits of action for coping with reality&quot; (Vol. I, p. 1). Second, Rorty argues that without the &quot;skyhook&quot; provided by etemal and ahistorical &quot;truths,&quot; anti-representationalism necessarily leaves one en-meshed in &quot;the ethnocentrism produced by acculturation&quot; (ibid., p.2). For Rorty, the danger of such ethnocentrism is mitigated by the peculiar values of our ethnos, that of the West, &quot;which prides itself on its suspicion of ethnocentrism -on its ability to increase the freedom and openness of encounters, rather than on its possession of truth&quot; (ibid.). Third, on the basis of the cultural beliefs that he thinks shape the West, Rorty argues for political liberalism, for a Deweyan vision of radical democracy, as the best hope for our troubled times. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rorty rejects all forms of representationalism on the grounds that there is no way to ever know that a formulation accurately represents reality. Not that Rorty believes that nothing is outside of ourselves, but with respect to the contents of our mind and our linguistic statements, it is not &quot;explanatorily useful&quot; to say that one or another &quot;item &#39;corresponds to&#39; or &#39;represents&#39; the environment in a way that some other item does not&quot; (ibid., p.5). For Rorty, we simply have no way to climb out of our mind and attain a God&#39;s-eye view of reality. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;The core of Rorty&#39;s pragmatic view of knowledge and truth is that all knowledge and belief is context dependent, all truths contingent. Yet, Rorty, in his paper on &quot;Solidarity or Objectivity,&quot; is at great pains to distinguish pragmatism from relativism. According to Rorty, relativism is self-refuting; moreover, it is a theory of knowledge which holds that one belief is as good as any other, that we cannot take a stand on any set of principles. As Barbara Hermstein Smith has shown in her Contingencies of Value (1991), Rorty has inexcusably bought into the traditional objectivist definition of relativism, and confronted with this straw doll he must find arguments to distinguish his pragmatism from the relativist specter. If Rorty dispensed with the objectivist&#39;s definition of relativism, and instead defined it as the view that all beliefs are context dependent, he could acknowledge his relativism with the same assurance as his pragmatism. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;One result of Rorty&#39;s anti-representationalism is his challenge to modem science and its claim to &quot;get reality right.&quot; In his paper on &quot;Science as Solidarity,&quot; Rorty persuasively argues for a demythologizing of science. He argues for a new conception of rationality, in which a &quot;weak rationality&quot; conceived as a set of moral virtues based on solidarity replaces the &quot;strong rationality&quot; conceived as a method for accurately representing reality, which is typical of the worldview of modem science. This strong rationality is inseparable from representationalism and its correspondence theory of truth. In arguing that the natural sciences are no less context dependent than the humanities, for their historicization in the Kuhnian sense, Rorty makes a convincing case for the desacralization of science, and makes his contribu- tion to possibly new ways of relating to nature. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Yet that possibility is undercut by Rorty&#39;s clam that what separates the natural sciences from the humanities is not their supposed objectivity or accurate representation of reality, but their prediction and control of things. While acknowledging that such &quot;prediction and control may not be what we want from our sociologists and literary critics&quot; (ibid., p.40), Rorty in true Baconian fashion assumes that such prediction and control is exactly what we want from our natural scientists. Such a view may avoid precisely the hard questions about modem technology that need to be asked after Auschwitz, and in the face of human-made ecological disaster.&lt;br /&gt;Rorty&#39;s anti-representationalism also leads him to an original reinterpreta- tion of such thinkers as Heidegger, Derrida, and Freud. Rorty reads Heidegger and Derrida as heirs to an anti-Cartesian, anti-representationalist, and anti-essentialist tradition that includes Nietzsche and Dewey. Rorty&#39;s own anti-essentialism is based on a deconstruction of metaphysics, of that tradition that began with the Platonic distinction between episteme and doxa and which stretches to the contemporary distinction between fact and value. In his introductory paper to Volume II, &quot;Pragmatism and Post-Nietzschean Philosophy,&quot; Rorty lays out the bases for his reading of Heidegger and Derrida: &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;I see the best parts of Heidegger and Derrida as the parts which help us to see how things look under nonrepresentationalist, nonlogocentrist descriptions -how they look when one begins to take the relativity of thinghood to choice of description for granted, and so starts asking how to be useful rather than how to be right. (Vol. II, pp. 4-5) &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;However, Rorty also finds in both Heidegger and Derrida residues of metaphysical thinking, tendencies to slip back into essentialism of one kind or another. This is the case with the later Heidegger&#39;s quest for the &quot;essence of language&quot; (ibid., pp. 62-63), or with the early Derrida&#39;s commitment to &quot;the discourse of philosophy.&quot; As a result, Rorty sees &quot;the worst parts of Heidegger and Derrida as the parts which suggest that they themselves have finally gotten language right, represented it accurately, as it really is&quot; (ibid., p.5). &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rorty&#39;s novel reading of Freud is based on seeing him as one more seminal figure in the anti-essentialist tradition. According to Rorty, Freud helps us to see that we are &quot;random assemblages of contingent and idiosyncratic needs rather than more or less adequate exemplifications of a common human essence ...&quot; (&quot;Freud and Moral Reflection,&quot; ibid., p. 155). For Rorty, the unconscious in Freudian terms is populated by a series of quasi-persons, and self-knowledge becomes a matter of &quot;knowing&quot; the selves that constitute us. There is no &quot;true&quot; or &quot;real&quot; self, no essence from which we have been alienated, but a multiplicity of selves, potentially in dialogue with one another. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Once we reject a correspondence theory of truth and an ahistorical human essence, as does Rorty, we are left with some kind of eth-nocentrism, inasmuch as our cultural matrix is the only possible source for our beliefs. According to Rorty, what makes the ethnocentrism of the West unique and non-vicious is precisely that complex of beliefs that is suspicious of all ethnocentrism, that has openness of encounter toward other cultures and pluralism as its pre-eminent values, that constantly questions its own cultural presuppositions. As Rorty points out in his paper on &quot;Heidegger, Kundera, and Dickens,&quot; the real legacy of the West is not its technological achievements, but its hope of freedom and equality. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Without disputing that this is indeed a component of the cultural heritage of the West, we must add that the West cannot be reduced to its hope of freedom and equality without falling victim to the very essentialism that Rorty seeks at all costs to avoid. The West includes other cultural values, such as control and mastery of nature and human beings, that run directly counter to that hope of freedom. Moreover, the West cannot simply be defined in terms of values and beliefs, in abstraction from the actual social and power relations that constitute the bases for its institutional structures. These other values and power relations are as much a part of the West as is the promise of freedom, and therefore a commitment to the ethnos of the West must not be lightly given or made as if the West were a homo- geneous entity. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;On the basis of his non-vicious ethnocentrism Rorty asserts his belief in Deweyan democracy. Rorty justifies his commitment to liberalism based on the network of beliefs and values that we have inherited from our historical tradition. This local tradition and cultural heritage - not eternal truths or a human essence - serves as the basis for Rorty&#39;s liberalism and democratic politics. Yet in reading the political papers collected in these two volumes, we are troubled by lacunae in Rorty&#39;s argumentation. Not always sufficiently clear is whether Rorty means that Western democracy in its present form already provides the institutional bases for the radical democratic community he seeks or whether he is merely saying it provides the best prospects for such an eventual development. In these papers, when Rorty pushes the line of thought that the West already provides the bases for such a community it is usually with a polemical intent, directed at those post-modernists whose rejections of meta-narratives he shares, but whose absolute rejection of contemporary Western democracy is anathema to him. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Rorty&#39;s evaluation of the prospects for the Western democracies undergoes a change from an optimistic perspective, apparent in such essays as &quot;Postmodernist Bourgeois Liberalism&quot; and &quot;The Priority of Democracy to Philosophy&quot; written in 1983-1984, to a decidedly more pessimistic vision in &quot;Unger, Castoriadis, and the Romance of a National Future&quot; (1988) and the introduction to Volume I, written after the end of the 1980s. In the Unger paper, Rorty acknowledges that the West may no longer have the politico-cultural resources for self-renewal, that liberal thinkers such as himself may be living in a new Alexandrian age bereft of hope of genuine reform, save from outside its cultural and institutional frontiers. Whatever we may think of a vision of renewal coming from Latin America, or even the view that Latin America is not itself part of the West culturally, we cannot deny the strong strain of cultural pessimism that pervades this paper. In the introduction to Volume I, Rorty admits that &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;if the barbarism typical of the Reagan years continues for much longer, &quot;then it may become silly to hope for reform, and sensible to hope for revolution&quot; (Vol. I, p.15). Even Rorty&#39;s assertion that the United States remains for now a functioning democracy in which change can come about as a result of persuasion rather than force cannot cover over the increasingly somber tones in which he sees contemporary politics. Social and political reality has compelled Rorty to add to the rosy hues of his Deweyan palette an ever larger smattering of the darker Heideggerian shades -though without the essentialism which speaks of the fate of the West.&lt;br /&gt;This very transformation in his appraisal of the current political scene points up the strength of Richard Rorty as a thinker: his ability to con- stantly question his own beliefs and to rethink his culture&#39;s &quot;truths.&quot; These qualities make Rorty&#39;s papers must reading for anyone who takes the life of the mind seriously. &lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Alan Milchman and Alan Rosenberg Queens College of the City University of New York 65-30 Kissena Boulevard Flushing, NY 11367-1597 USA&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/1642375923277000592/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/1642375923277000592' title='0 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/1642375923277000592'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/1642375923277000592'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2008/12/book-review-objectivity-relativism-and.html' title='Book Review: Objectivity, relativism, and truth: Philosophical Papers I (Richard Rorty)'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjQlPPIRcMc0-Y4J_HZqYbwZLD9soK8dNTuwX24fa7m75ss371NMdt1eeK0pT7mtsRpkHzRKq4Rfb3vPe8hO50sMD2eJX5dZjQU2Br_rDzGC9BzOeP266eJ5ca5CLMJJpo4d-uqHgeb4ytE/s72-c/07rorty.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6656469792611014981.post-2018852722465267578</id><published>2008-12-07T05:25:00.004-04:00</published><updated>2008-12-07T05:39:59.132-04:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Crítica Social"/><title type='text'>Credo del Postmodernismo</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-size:85%;&quot;&gt;Aquí comparto con ustedes un video que al que yo he decidido cambiarle el nombre por uno más apropiado a nuestro contexto actual. &quot;Credo del Post-Modernismo&quot;. El título original es &quot;The infamous cane&quot; ( El infame bastón). Sería interesante questionarnarse preguntarnos qué partes de este &quot;Credo Postmodernista&quot; es parte también de nuestro credo y filosofía. (Les dejo el video original y a la vez les pido que se sientan libres de enviar o sugerir una mejor traducción, principalmente en para la parte que está entre xxxx).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;object height=&quot;344&quot; width=&quot;425&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;movie&quot; value=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/brg_ZWroz-Y&amp;amp;hl=en&amp;amp;fs=1&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowFullScreen&quot; value=&quot;true&quot;&gt;&lt;param name=&quot;allowscriptaccess&quot; value=&quot;always&quot;&gt;&lt;embed src=&quot;http://www.youtube.com/v/brg_ZWroz-Y&amp;hl=en&amp;fs=1&quot; type=&quot;application/x-shockwave-flash&quot; allowscriptaccess=&quot;always&quot; allowfullscreen=&quot;true&quot; width=&quot;425&quot; height=&quot;344&quot;&gt;&lt;/embed&gt;&lt;/object&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;strong&gt;CREDO DEL POSMODERNISMO&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos en Marx, Freud y Darwin.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que todo está bien siempre y cuando no le hagamos mal a nadie y dependiendo siempre esto de nuestra mejor definición de mal y de conocimiento.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos en el sexo antes, durante y después del matrimonio.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que el adulterio es simple diversión y que la sodomía es correcta.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que los tabús son simplemente tabús.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que todo se está poniendo mejor y que sólo hay que encontrar la evidencia de los contrarios.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que la evidencia que debe ser investigada y que podemos probar todo, sólo con evidencias.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que hay algo que xxxxxxxxxx y que Jesús fue simplemente un buen hombre como lo fue Buda, Mahoma y como lo somos nosotros mismos.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que Jesús fue un Profesor de conceptos morales aunque es como si su moral fuera sólo un adorno, pues nosotros no seguimos lo que Él dijo.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que todas las religiones son en esencia una misma cosa pues todas predican el amor, la bondad y su única discrepancia radica en temas como creación, pecado, cielo, infierno, dios y salvación.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que después de la muerte no viene nada porque cuando preguntamos, ella no responde nada.&lt;br /&gt;También creemos que no importa como haya sido nuestra vida pues todos podemos entrar al cielo, claro está, con excepción de Hitler y Stalin.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que lo que ha sido electo es regular, que lo regular es normal y que lo normal es bueno.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que el ser humano es esencialmente bueno y que es sólo su conducta es lo que le hace caer en el mal. Maldad que es culpa de la sociedad, sociedad que es causada por nuestras condiciones de vida, condiciones que a la vez, son culpa de la sociedad.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Creemos que el ser humano debe encontrar la auténtica verdad para él y que todo lo que conocemos debería cambiar, de hecho, todo lo que creemos que debe cambiar, debe cambiar acorde con lo que nosotros queramos que sea realidad puesto que no hay nada que sea absolutamente cierto o real con excepción de que no hay verdades absolutas.&lt;br /&gt;Creemos en el ser humano y en la verdad absoluta de su pensamiento.&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;Paulatinamente también comenzaremos a creer que una pieza de metal puede realmente flotar.</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/feeds/2018852722465267578/comments/default' title='Enviar comentarios'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6656469792611014981/2018852722465267578' title='1 comentarios'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2018852722465267578'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6656469792611014981/posts/default/2018852722465267578'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://humanidades07.blogspot.com/2008/12/credo-del-postmodernismo.html' title='Credo del Postmodernismo'/><author><name>Luis</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/11825489654064089732</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='32' height='24' src='//blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhOpDZkdimZCqOSjq75NS7_-Tuox0gWuabCchliviDD7n3y0NNeMec885ayjmA17LXEy-u359MbUqf2VTr16mPZFeTQ6lJUaVwSRRYc9Z6WQrK4OrVbjKtn7HLbjFV64A/s220/CIMG5408.JPG'/></author><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry></feed>