<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244</id><updated>2025-06-25T14:07:49.977+07:00</updated><category term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><category term="Ekonomi Umum"/><category term="renungan umum"/><category term="Artikel Syari&#39;ah"/><category term="artikel umum"/><category term="Teuku Umar Joha"/><title type='text'>Teuku Umar Johan</title><subtitle type='html'>Struggle for  life, Right way to drive, Let&#39;s survive</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>19</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-765930121212686416</id><published>2016-04-04T21:44:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2016-04-04T21:45:59.259+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Bisnis, Lingkungan Hidup dan Etika</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocG2TASnl5Tt8mt8rNrVJfcJAc7e2PBALZL_TEp9QTdhL1G_ggcn7uLFo-CF820g8LHx77739cmsHO9XmIPlQF-hD4pD2AFyQmw4nfq_vRt7d6a7LfExAFizMrO14b1l6IOGAwBC5zx8/s1600/Pelindo+III+Youth+Camp+2015-112.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Teuku Umar Johan&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocG2TASnl5Tt8mt8rNrVJfcJAc7e2PBALZL_TEp9QTdhL1G_ggcn7uLFo-CF820g8LHx77739cmsHO9XmIPlQF-hD4pD2AFyQmw4nfq_vRt7d6a7LfExAFizMrO14b1l6IOGAwBC5zx8/s200/Pelindo+III+Youth+Camp+2015-112.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Bisnis, lingkungan hidup, islam&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;MAKALAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bisnis,
Lingkungan Hidup dan Etika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Disusun untuk tugas Etika Bisnis Syari’ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dosen Pengampuh:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;Imamul
Hakim, SE., M.SH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;0&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; margin-left: 99.0pt; mso-border-insideh: none; mso-border-insidev: none; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 99.15pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;132&quot;&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;Teuku Umar Johan&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;201310510311020&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;PROGRAM
STUDI EKONOMI SYARIAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;FAKULTAS
AGAMA ISLAM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;UNIVERSITAS
MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 47px; left: 0px; margin-left: 233px; margin-top: 59px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 62px; z-index: 251659264;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2016&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;WordSection2&quot;&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546635&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;KATA
PENGANTAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Segala
puji bagi Allah Swt. yang telah memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam penulisan makalah
ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurahkan kepada baginda
Rasulullah SAW, keluarga dan para sahabatnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Makalah ini merupakan salah satu tugas
yang diamanahkan oleh Dosen Etika Bisnis Syari’ah Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah
Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, yaitu Bapak &lt;b&gt;Imamul
Hakim, SE., M.SH&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: bold;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt; Dengan
segala keterbatasan, penulis telah berusaha secara maksimal dalam mempersiapkan
makalah ini sebaik mungkin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di
tengah-tengah penatnya punggung dan beratnya kelopak mata menahan kantuk,
sungguh penyusun telah memperoleh banyak tambahan pengetahuan, terutama yang
berkaitan dengan Bisnis, Lingkungan Hidup dan Etika.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sungguh
sebuah tugas yang tidak ringan, namun sangat mengasyikkan. Penulis &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sadar makalah ini belum sepenuhnya sempurna,
maka dari itu penulis meminta kritikan serta masukan yang membangun demi
kesempurnaan yang akan datang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-break-type: section-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546637&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;BAB &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546638&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-indent: -19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546639&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;A.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Latar
Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Lingkungan
hidup yang Allah sediakan untuk kehidupan manusia meliputi seluruh jagat raya
dengan bagian-bagiannya yang multidimensional. Itu semua membuktikan kekuasaan
Allah yang tidak terbatas, juga menunjukkan ilmu dan hikmah kemahabijaksanaan-Nya
yang sangat sempurna dalam menciptakan jagat raya ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di
antara fasilitas lingkungan hidup yang Allah berikan, sebagian manusia masih
belum terbesit di hati untuk melestarikannya, malah sebaliknya dengan merusak,
mencemari dan mengeksploitasi besar-besaran. Semua itu dilakukan tanpa beretika
dengan kedok untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup semata. Berbagai permasalahan lingkungan
hidup dewasa ini telah menjadi isu global.&amp;nbsp;Hal ini terbukti dengan
munculnya isu-isu kerusakan lingkungan yang semakin santer terdengar. Di antaranya
isu&amp;nbsp;efek rumah kaca, lapisan ozon yang&amp;nbsp;menipis, kenaikan suhu udara,
mencairnya es di kutub, dan lain sebagainya. Mungkin sebagian besar orang baru
menyadari dan merasakan akan dampak tingkah lakunya di masa lampau yang terlalu
berlebihan mengeksploitasi alam secara berlebihan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546640&quot;&gt;Permasalahan lingkungan yang kini dihadapi umat manusia
umumnya disebabkan oleh dua hal. Pertama, karena kejadian alam sebagai
peristiwa yang harus terjadi sebagai proses dinamika alam itu sendiri. Kedua,
bentuk kejadian di atas mengakibatkan ketidakseimbangan pada ekosistem dan
ketidaknyamanan kehidupan makhluk hidup baik manusia, flora maupun fauna.
Ketidakseimbangan dan ketidaknyamanan tersebut dapat dikatakan sebagai bencana.
Untuk itu, sangat diharapkan dari permasalahan ini, kita sadar dan dapat
memahami bagaimana pemanfaatan lingkungan hidup yang baik dan beretika.&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 39.7pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-bookmark: _Toc431546640;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;B.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rumusan Masalah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-indent: 14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana
hubungan manusia dengan alam?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-indent: 14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Apa
permasalahan utama lingkungan hidup sekarang?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 1.0cm; text-indent: 14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Seperti
apa keterkaitan lingkungan hidup dengan ekonomi?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 1.0cm; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Apa
tantangan globalisasi dalam pelestarian lingkungan?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 19.85pt 1.0cm; text-indent: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Bagaimana
pandangan islam terhadap pelestarian lingkungan?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 19.85pt 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo3; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/null&quot; name=&quot;_Toc431546641&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;C.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tujuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tujuan dari pembahasan makalah ini ialah kita dapat memahami problematika
lingkungan hidup sekarang serta dapat memberikan solusi, baik di segi etika
yang seharusnya maupun dari pandangan islam sendiri terhadap lingkungan
tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 21.3pt; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;A.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Hubungan
Manusia dengan Alam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Masalah
lingkungan hidup menimbulkan suatu cabang filsafat baru yang berkembang dengan
cepat yaitu filsafat lingkungan hidup. Salah satu ciri khas sikap manusia
modern adalah usahanya untuk menguasai dan menaklukkan alam. Alam dipandang
sebagai binatang buas yang perlu dijinakkan oleh manusia. Tujuan itu dibantu
dengan ilmu pengetahuan dan teknologi. Sekarang perlu disadari bahwa hubungan
manusia dengan alam tidak dapat dipisahkan apalagi bertentangan dengan alam
karena ia termasuk alam itu sendiri seperti setiap makhluk hidup lainnya. Pandangan
manusia modern dengan alam adalah antroposentris karena menempatkan manusia
pada pusatnya. Pandangan baru yang kita butuhkan bila kita ingin mengatasi
masalah lingkungan hidup maka harus bersikap ekosentris di mana menempatkan
alam dalam pusatnya.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Hubungan
manusia dengan alamnya mengandung beberapa aspek, antara lain manusia tidak
lepas dari interaksinya bersama sesama manusia juga dengan hewan, tumbuhan,
lingkungan / alam. Aspek-aspek tersebut sangat berarti bagi manusia, dan
manusia adalah makhluk yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri, tanpa bantuan di sekitar
lingkungan hidupnya.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Karena manusia adalah makhluk termulia di bumi ini, maka segala sesuatu memang
disediakan untuknya. Di antara tugas manusia, yaitu memanfaatkan alam dan
tenaga yang dikandungnya guna memenuhi keperluan dan kebutuhannya dan juga
teman-temannya. Hubungan manusia terhadap alam adalah sebagai pemanfaat, dan bukan
sebagai saingan.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Tidak
seharusnya manusia mengeksploitasi alam. Al Quran (2: 29) mengatakan “&lt;i&gt;Ia
yang menciptakan bagimu apa yang ada di bumi semuanya&lt;/i&gt;” Hubungan keduanya
menurut ajaran Al-qur’an maupun as Sunnah merupakan hubungan yang dibingkai
dengan aqidah, yakni konsep &lt;i&gt;kemakhlukan&lt;/i&gt; yang sama sama tunduk dan patuh
kepada &lt;i&gt;al Khâliq&lt;/i&gt;, yang diatur dan akhirnya semua kembali kepada-Nya.
Dalam konsep &lt;i&gt;kemakhlukan &lt;/i&gt;ini manusia memperoleh konsesi dari Yang Maha
Penciptanya untuk memperlakukan alam sekitarnya dengan dua macam tujuan:&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn4&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 24.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.9pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;al
Intifâ’ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(pendayagunaan),
baik dalam arti mengkonsumsi langsung maupun dalam arti memproduksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 26.1pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-list: l6 level1 lfo4; tab-stops: 24.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -11.9pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;al
I’tibâr &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(mengambil
pelajaran) terhadap fenomena yang terjadi dari hubungan antara manusia dengan
alam sekitarnya, maupun hubungan antara alam itu sendiri (ekosistem), baik yang
berakibat konstruktif (&lt;i&gt;ishlâh&lt;/i&gt;) maupun yang berakibat destruktif (&lt;i&gt;ifsâd&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;B.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Permasalahan Utama Lingkungan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Hidup&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Problematika
sekitar lingkungan hidup baru mulai disadari sepenuhnya dalam tahun 1960-an.
Sekaligus disadari pula bahwa permasalahan itu secara langsung maupun tidak
langsung disebabkan oleh bisnis modern, khususnya akibat berproduksi dalam
industri yang berlandaskan ilmu dan teknologi maju. Bagaimana tidak, cara
berproduksi besar-besaran dalam industri modern dulu mengandaikan begitu saja
dua hal yang sekarang diakui sebagai kekeliruan besar. Pertama, bisnis modern
mengandaikan bahwa komponen-komponen lingkungan seperti air dan udara merupakan
bagian umum, sehingga boleh dipakai seenaknya. Kedua, diandaikan pula bahwa
sumber daya alam seperti air dan udara itu tak terbatas.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn5&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pada
zaman kita, masalah lingkungan hidup sua mencapai suatu taraf global. Terutama
ada enam problem yang dengan jelas menunjukkan dimensi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;global itu: akumulasi bahan beracun, efek
rumah kaca, perusakan lapisan ozon, hujan asam, deforestasi dan penggurunan, dan
kematian bentuk-bentuk kehidupan.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn6&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Lebih rincinya sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Akumulasi bahan beracun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;, adalah bahan sisa (limbah) suatu
kegiatan proses produksi yang mengandung bahan&amp;nbsp;berbahaya dan beracun
karena sifat (&lt;i&gt;toxicity, framability, reactivity, &lt;/i&gt;dan&lt;i&gt; corrosivity&lt;/i&gt;)
dengan jumlah yang banyak dan secara langsung maupun tidak langsung dapat
merusak, mencemarkan lingkungan, atau membahayakan kesehatan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Efek rumah kaca, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;adalah naiknya suhu permukaan bumi. Panas
yang diterima bumi karena penyinaran matahari terhalang oleh partikel-partikel
gas yang dilemparkan dalam atmosfer oleh ulah manusia, sehingga tidak bisa
keluar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Perusakan lapisan ozon, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;O&lt;sub&gt;3 &lt;/sub&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;(ozon) memiliki peranan penting dalam
melindungi kehidupan terhadap sinar ultraviolet dari matahari. Rupanya 80
persen penyinaran ultra violet dari matahari disaring olehnya. Kerusakan
lapisan ozon mengakibatkan radiasi ultraviolet dari matahari bisa mencapai
permukaan bumi, yang akan membawa pengaruh negatif terhadap kesehatan dan
kehidupan manusia pada umumnya di bumi. Perusakan lapisan ozon disebabkan
beberapa sebab yang berbeda, namun yang paling berpengaruh adalah pelepasan
bahan CFC (&lt;i&gt;Clorofluorocarbon&lt;/i&gt;) ke dalam udara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Hujan asam, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;adalah asam dalam emisi industri bergabung
dengan air hujan yang mencemari daerah yang luas, merusak hutan dan pohon pohon
lain, mencemari air danau, merusak gedung gedung, dan sebagainya. Bagi manusia
hujan asam bisa mengakibatkan gangguan saluran pernapasan dan paru paru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Deforestasi dan penggurunan, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Penggunaan kayu untuk berbagai keperluan
telah mendorong penebangan hutan secara tak terkendali, yang mengakibatkan
hutan semakin cepat berkurang, termasuk hutan tropis yang menghasilkan kayu
kayu yang berkualitas tinggi. Penebangan hutan (&lt;i&gt;deforestation&lt;/i&gt;) secara
besar besaran mempunya dampak penting atas lingkungan hidup, karena dengan
demikian maka salah satu fungsi hutan, yakni meresap karbon dioksida yang
disebabkan oleh pembakaran bahan bakar fosil (industri, kendaraan bermotor)-
suatu penyebab penting terjadinya efek rumah kaca- menjadi terancam. Erosi
tanah dapat mengakibatkan juga meluasnya penggurunan (&lt;i&gt;desertification&lt;/i&gt;),
khususnya di negara negara di sekitar gurun sahara diperkirakan merambat ke arah
selatan jauh 400 kilometer. Di banyak kota besar di seluruh dunia, termasuk juga
Indonesia , tingkatan air tanah menurun terus karena dipompa oleh industri ,
hotel hotel dan rumah tangga untuk berbagai keperluan. penggunaan dan
pemborosan air yang semakin tak terkendali telah mengakibatkan kualitas tanah
semakin menurun.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 28.4pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo5; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Keanekaan hayati, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;adalah jenis jenis kehidupan (&lt;i&gt;species&lt;/i&gt;)
yang ada di bumi, yang memiliki makna yang sangat penting untuk segala aspek
kehidupan manusia, seperti makanan, obat-obatan, dan sebagainya. Salah satu
akibat besar dari kerusakan lingkungan adalah kepunahan semakin banyak spesies
hidup. Dan spesies hidup yang punah sekarang akan hilang lenyap dari muka bumi
untuk selamanya. Yang memiliki andil besar terhadap kemusnahan tersebut adalah
penggunaan pestisida dan herbisida yang semakin intens. Hutan di banyak kawasan
daerah Indonesia telah berubah menjadi lahan pertanian dan perkebunan, sebagian
menjadi terlantar karena ditinggalkan dalam keadaan rusak oleh penebang liar
yang tidak bertanggung jawab terjadinya erosi tanah dan banjir besar yang
menelan korban jiwa dan harta benda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 19.85pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 18.0pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;C.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lingkungan Hidup dan Ekonomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -10.35pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lingkungan
hidup sebagai “the Common”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sebelumnya kita sudah melihat bahwa bisnis
modern&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;mengandaikan begitu saja status
lingkungan hidup sebagai ranah umum. Dianggapnya di sini tidak ada pemilik dan
tidak ada kepentingan pribadi. Tetapi, kita lihat juga pengandaian ini adalah
keliru. Sering kali &lt;i&gt;the commons&lt;/i&gt; adalah padang rumput yang dipakai oleh
semua penduduk kampung sebagai tempat untuk mengembala ternaknya. Dalam zaman
modern, dengan bertambahnya penduduk, sistem ini tidak bisa dipertahankan lagi
dan ladang umum itu di privitasi dengan menjualnya kepada penduduk perorangan.
Bagai masyarakat bersangkutan kejadian ini merupakan suatu perubahan sosial
ekonomi besar, antara lain karena menjadi awal mula kepemilikan tanah dalam
kuantitas besar oleh orang kaya (&lt;i&gt;the landlords&lt;/i&gt;). &lt;i&gt;The tragedy of the
commons &lt;/i&gt;dapat dipandang sebagai kebalikannya dari &lt;i&gt;the invisible And &lt;/i&gt;menurut
Adam Smith. Smith berpendapat bahwa kemakmuran umum dengan sendirinya akan
terwujud, jika semua orang mengejar kepentingan diri di pasar bebas. Tetapi
jika semua orang mengejar kepentingan diri masing-masing dalam konteks
lingkungan hidup, tidak akan dihasilkan kemakmuran umum, melainkan justru kehancuran
bersama.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn7&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lingkungan hidup tidak lagi eksternalitas, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;mau tidak mau, perlu kita akui,
lingkungan hidup dan komponen-komponen di dalamnya tetap terbatas, walaupun
barangkali tersedia dalam kuantitas besar. Sumber daya alam pun ditandai
kelangkaan. Jika para peminat berjumlah besar, maka air, udara, dan
komponen-komponen lingkungan hidup lain menjadi barang langka dan karena itu
tidak bisa dipakai lagi dengan gratis. Karena sumber daya alam pun merupakan
barang langka dan harus diberi suatu harga ekonomis, komponen-komponen
lingkungan hidup itu tidak lagi merupakan eksternalitas untuk ekonomi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Pembangunan berkelanjutan, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Jika krisis lingkungan dipertimbangkan
dengan serius, bagi ekonomi masih ada suatu konsekuensi lain yang sulit
dihindari. Ekonomi selalu menekankan perlunya pertumbuhan. Ekonomi yang sehat
adalah ekonomi yang tumbuh. Selanjutnya semakin disadari bahwa penghabisan
sumber daya alam barangkali masih dapat diimbangi dengan ditemukannya teknologi
baru. Karena itu penghabisan sumber daya alam tidak merupakan masalah hidup
atau mati. Masalah yang lebih mendesak adalah kerusakan lingkungan hidup yang
sangat memperihatinkan. Yang secara mutlak harus dibatasi adalah tekanan
semakin besar pada sistem-sistem ekologis karena efek-efek negatif dari
kegiatan manusia. Kapasitas alam untuk menampung tekanan dari polusi udara dan
air, degradasi tanah, dan sebagainya tidak diimbangi dengan teknologi baru.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l7 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;D.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tantangan Globalisasi dalam Pelestarian
Lingkungan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Globalisasi layaknya seperti keping uang
logam, yang memiliki 2 sisi yang sangat bertolak belakang satu sama lain.
Globalisasi di satu sisi memberikan dampak positif dan di sisi lain memberikan
dampak negatif. Dan salah satu dari dampak negatif globalisasi berimbas pada
masalah lingkungan. Ada serangkaian proses yang harus dilewati untuk menuju
pada tahap perusakan lingkungan akibat globalisasi, yang pada umumnya terjadi
di negara-negara berkembang. Dengan semakin menipisnya batas-batas negara&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;karena doktrin kepahaman globalisasi yang
menuntut setiap negara jika hendak menjadi negara maju, maka harus membuka
selebar-lebarnya terhadap bantuan-bantuan dan kerja sama dengan pihak asing,
maka hal inilah yang kemudian menjadi pintu masuk bagi para investor-investor
asing untuk berlomba masuk dan menanamkan sahamnya di negara-negara berkembang.
Sehingga kemudian menginisiasi maraknya industrialisasi, privatisasi, serta
deregulasi di negara-negara berkembang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam dunia industri, bahan mentah adalah
salah satu hal penting untuk menjalankan suatu roda perindustrian. Dan
bahan-bahan mentah ini, banyak ditemukan di negara-negara berkembang yang
memang dalam segi geografinya berada pada jalur lintang dan bujur yang subur.
Namun, negara berkembang terkendala dalam melakukan pengelolaan akan sumber daya
alam yang melimpah tersebut akibat keterbatasan modal dan teknologi yang
dimilikinya. Sehingga negara-negara berkembang membutuhkan suntikkan dana dan
jasa dari negara-negara maju. Adapun bentuknya bisa berupa hutang, pinjaman,
ataupun hibah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Namun sangat disayangkan bahwa berbagai
bantuan dana dalam bentuk pinjaman maupun hibah oleh negara maju tersebut
sebagian besar digunakan untuk membeli teknologi-teknologi dari negara maju.
Dengan kata lain pinjaman dari negara maju, kembali masuk ke saku negara maju
lagi dalam bentuk pembelian teknologi oleh negara berkembang, di lain waktu
negara berkembang masih harus melunasi hutang-hutang kepada negara maju beserta
dengan bunganya. Ini adalah satu dari sekian banyak bentuk kerja sama di era
globalisasi antara negara maju dan negara berkembang yang mana secara tidak
langsung merugikan negara-negara berkembang.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn8&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lima “&lt;i&gt;R&lt;/i&gt;”
penyelamat lingkungan hidup&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn9&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Reference &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(acuan), Setiap agama apapun tidak membenarkan
umatnya untuk merusak alam. Setiap manusia boleh memanfaatkan alam untuk
memenuhi kebutuhannya bukan keinginannya. Yang dimaksud &lt;i&gt;reference &lt;/i&gt;di sini
adalah semua kitab suci yang dimiliki oleh setiap agama yang ada di bumi.
Apabila setiap manusia mempercayai setiap kitab sucinya sebagai pedoman hidup,
maka tidak ada manusia yang bertindak sewenang-wenang di luar kebutuhan yang
dapat dipenuhi dengan tindakan yang secukupnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Respect &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(sikap hormat menghormati), &lt;i&gt;Respect &lt;/i&gt;dalam hal ini adalah
penghargaan kepada semua makhluk hidup yang diajarkan oleh agama sebagai
makhluk ciptaan Tuhan. Apapun yang ada di bumi adalah makhluk Tuhan. Setiap makhluk
mempunyai kedudukan yang sama di mata Tuhan. Di antara makhluk hidup yang perlu
mendapat perhatian adalah tanaman, hewan dan manusia. Ketiga makhluk hidup ini
memerlukan tempat tinggal untuk hidup dan berkembang. Oleh karena manusia
merupakan makhluk hidup yang paling istimewa yaitu mempunyai akal, maka manusia
mempunyai kewajiban memelihara kelestarian dan keseimbangan untuk kehidupan makhluk
hidup lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Restrain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(Pengendalian), yang dimaksud dengan &lt;i&gt;restrain
&lt;/i&gt;adalah kemampuan untuk mengelola dan mengontrol sumber daya alam supaya
penggunaannya tidak mubazir, artinya setiap pemanfaatan sumber daya alam harus
diperhitungkan nilai manfaat, jangan sampai ada salah kelola atau salah manfaat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Redistribution &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(pemerataan),
&lt;i&gt;resdistribution &lt;/i&gt;adalah kemampuan untuk menyebar luaskan kekayaan,
kegembiraan dan kebersamaan. Indonesia yang terletak di jalur khatulistiwa
terkenal akan sumber daya alamnya. Tetapi kenapa bisa terjadi ketimpangan dengan
kekayaan yang melimpah tetapi masyarakatnya masih miskin?. Di mana sumber daya
alam tersebut hilang?. Penyebabnya tidak lain karena distribusi kekayaan tidak
merata, kekayaan banyak di korupsi oleh orang yang tidak bertanggung jawab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo7; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Responsibility
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;(pertanggungjawaban), &lt;i&gt;Responsibility &lt;/i&gt;adalah sikap
bertanggung jawab dalam merawat kondisi lingkungan dan alam. Banyak investor
yang telah memanfaatkan sumber daya alam Indonesia mulai dari perkebunan sampai
penambangan. Tetapi dengan dibukanya sumber daya alam tersebut belum dirasakan
manfaatnya melalui peningkatan pendapatan masyarakat di sekitar proyek
tersebut. Masyarakat masih hidup seperti itu saja. Padahal apabila investor
bertanggung jawab melalui program CSR (&lt;i&gt;Corporate Social Responsibility&lt;/i&gt;)
dengan menyisihkan sekitar 3% dari keuntungan untuk program tersebut, maka
kehidupan sosial ekonomi masyarakat sekitar akan meningkat, selain itu melalui
program tersebut kerusakan sumber daya alam merupakan dampak negatif dari
pembukaan lahan tersebut dapat diminimalisasi. Untuk itu investor jangan hanya
mengeksploitasi sumber daya alam untuk kepentingan ekonomi mereka saja
(keuntungan sesaat) saja tetapi kehidupan sosial ekonomi dan budaya masyarakat
serta kerusakan lingkungan harus dikelola, sehingga lingkungan dapat
dimanfaatkan secara lestari dan berkelanjutan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraph&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo8; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;E.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Pandangan Islam Terhadap Pelestarian Lingkungan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Tanggung
jawab moral bisnis, implementasinya bisa pada tanggung jawab sosial. Bahkan
yang tidak kalah pentingnya tanggung jawab pada lingkungan alam. Dari sejumlah
tanggung jawab itu sebenarnya yang paling krusial adalah tanggung jawab pada
diri sendiri dan kepada Tuhan.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn10&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam
kaitan dengan pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan pelestariannya, Islam menuntun
manusia agar mengelola kekayaan alam dengan ilmu dan amal.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn11&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref11&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn11;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Di
samping, mengingat agar dalam mengelola (memproduksi) kekayaan alam itu
memperhatikan batas-batas haram dan halal, dan memelihara kelestariannya.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn12&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref12&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn12;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Al-qur’an menerangkan bahwa pemanfaatan kekayaan yang tersimpan dan tersebar di
alam ini, tergantung pada dua hal,&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn13&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref13&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn13;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; yakni &lt;i&gt;pertama,
&lt;/i&gt;ilmu pengetahuan yang didasarkan pada &lt;i&gt;tafakkur &lt;/i&gt;dan penggunaan akal.
Ilmu yang dimaksud di sini adalah ilmu-ilmu khusus (spesialis) dalam berbagai
ilmu pengetahuan dan berbagai bidang kehidupan. &lt;i&gt;Kedua, &lt;/i&gt;adalah amal (&lt;i&gt;Action/Implementation&lt;/i&gt;).
Sesungguhnya ilmu saja tidak akan membuahkan hasil jika tidak diikuti oleh amal
(tindak lanjut) dengan melakukan berbagai eksplorasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Allah berfirman dalam Q.S. Al-a’raf,
7: 10:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: .85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Adobe Naskh Medium&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;وَلَقَدْ
مَكَّنَّاكُمْ فِي الْأَرْضِ وَجَعَلْنَا لَكُمْ فِيهَا مَعَايِشَ ۗ قَلِيلًا مَا تَشْكُرُونَ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Adobe Naskh Medium&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;“Sesungguhnya Kami telah menempatkan
kamu sekalian di muka bumi dan Kami adakan bagimu di muka bumi (sumber)
penghidupan. Amat sedikitlah kamu bersyukur.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bertolak
dari uraian di atas dapat dipahami bahwa pada dasarnya Islam sangat menekankan agar
kaum muslimin mau menggali kekayaan alam yang terhampar dan tersembunyi di
dalam bumi. Nikmat kekayaan itu perlu dieksplor dengan menggunakan berbagai
ilmu sesuai dengan spesialisasinya masing-masing, tergantung pada kekayaan apa
yang digunakan untuk kesejahteraan manusia.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn14&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref14&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn14;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Di
antara bentuk syukur itu adalah menjaganya dari kerusakan, kehancuran, polusi,
dan lain-lain yang tergolong sebagai kerusakan di muka bumi. Oleh karena itu
Al-qur’an menyebut berulang-ulang bahwa Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang
membuat kerusakan. Sebagaimana dalam firman-Nya Q..S. Al-baqarah, 2:205:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: .85pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Adobe Naskh Medium&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;وَإِذَا
تَوَلَّىٰ سَعَىٰ فِي الْأَرْضِ لِيُفْسِدَ فِيهَا وَيُهْلِكَ الْحَرْثَ
وَالنَّسْلَ ۗ وَاللَّهُ لَا يُحِبُّ الْفَسَادَ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Adobe Naskh Medium&amp;quot;; font-size: 18.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;“Dan apabila ia berpaling (dari
kamu), ia berjalan di bumi untuk mengadakan kerusakan padanya, dan merusak
tanam-tanaman dan binatang ternak, dan Allah tidak menyukai kebinasaan.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Betapa
besar perhatian Islam terhadap masalah lingkungan, baik terhadap makhluk hidup
maupun mati. Namun demikian, perhatian tersebut diiringi ancaman bagi
orang-orang yang tidak bersyukur.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;PENUTUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;A.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Hubungan manusia dengan alamnya mengandung beberapa aspek, antara
lain manusia tidak lepas dari interaksinya bersama sesama manusia juga dengan
hewan, tumbuhan, lingkungan / alam. Aspek-aspek tersebut sangat berarti bagi
manusia, dan manusia adalah makhluk yang tidak dapat hidup sendiri, tanpa
bantuan di sekitar lingkungan hidupnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dengan
demikian, tujuan akhir pengelolaan sumber daya alam adalah kesejahteraan masyarakat
(&lt;i&gt;social welfare&lt;/i&gt;) dengan tujuan antara seperti sumber devisa, pemenuhan
kebutuhan manusia, pelestarian lingkungan, pembangunan daerah/masyarakat dan
pemerataan. Dengan demikian pembangunan ekonomi yang mesti diterapkan adalah
pembangunan yang berwawasan lingkungan dalam arti tidak menguras sumber daya
alam dan merusak lingkungan. Keterkaitan antara ekonomi dan lingkungan dapat
diringkas ke dalam tiga macam hubungan yang saling terkait yaitu terdapat
hubungan positif antara jumlah dan kualitas barang sumber daya dengan
pertumbuhan ekonomi. Semakin tinggi pertumbuhan ekonomi, maka kebutuhan akan
sumber daya alam akan semakin meningkat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Terlepas
dari situ, untuk menyelamatkan lingkungan kita harus memahami konsep lima “R”
yakni: &lt;i&gt;reference, respect, restrain, redistribution and responsibility&lt;/i&gt;.
Kelima “R” tersebut sangat berkaitan erat dengan etika lingkungan. Adapun islam
sendiri memandang bahwa dalam pengelolaan sumber daya alam dan pelestariannya,
Islam menuntun manusia agar mengelola kekayaan alam dengan ilmu dan amal. Di
samping, mengingat agar dalam mengelola (memproduksi) kekayaan alam itu
memperhatikan batas-batas haram dan halal, dan memelihara kelestariannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;B.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Saran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dengan
demikian pembangunan ekonomi yang mesti diterapkan adalah pembangunan yang
berwawasan lingkungan dalam arti tidak menguras sumber daya alam dan merusak
lingkungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Bertens, K.
2000. &lt;i&gt;Pengantar Etika Bisnis&lt;/i&gt;. Yogyakarta: Kanisius&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Budianta,
Dedik. 2010. &lt;i&gt;Pentingnya Etika Lingkungan Untuk Meminimalkan Global Warming&lt;/i&gt;
(Tesis). Palembang: Universitas Sriwijaya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Djakfar,
Muhammad. 2007. &lt;i&gt;Etika Bisnis dalam Perspektif Islam&lt;/i&gt;. Malang: UIN-Malang
Press.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Mahmudi. 2006. &lt;i&gt;Hubungan
Manusia dan Alam Menurut Pandangan Syahrur &lt;/i&gt;(Skripsi). Semarang: IAIN Wali
Songo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Maksi Baid. 2015.
&lt;i&gt;Hubungan Manusia dengan Alam. &lt;/i&gt;Academia,
https://www.academia.edu/7121973/HUBUNGAN_MANUSIA_DENGAN_ALAM. 24 Maret 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sari, Riana.
2014. &lt;i&gt;Dampak globalisasi bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan&lt;/i&gt;. Slideshare, http://www.slideshare.net/rianams/dampak-globalisasi-bagi-kesehatan-dan-lingkungan?from_
action=save, 24 Maret 2016.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: .85pt; margin-top: 0cm; tab-stops: 19.85pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Qardawi, Yusuf.
1995. &lt;i&gt;Peran dan Nilai Moral dalam Perekonomian Islam&lt;/i&gt;, ter. K.H. Didin
Hafidhuddin, dkk. Jakarta: Robbani Press.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote-list;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;

&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;



&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; K.
Bertens, &lt;i&gt;Pengantar Etika Bisnis&lt;/i&gt;, (Yogyakarta: Kanisius, 2000), hlm. 322-325&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Maksi
Baid, “Hubungan Manusia dengan Alam”, Academia, di akses dari
https://www.academia.edu/7121973/HUBUNGAN_MANUSIA_DENGAN_ALAM, pada 24 Maret
2016 pukul 11:16 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Mahmudi,
“Hubungan Manusia dan Alam Menurut Pandangan Syahrur”, Skripsi Fakultas Ushuluddin,
IAIN Wali Songo, 2006, Chap. II hlm. 40.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref4&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ibid.&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn5&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref5&quot; name=&quot;_ftn5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; K.
Bertens, &lt;i&gt;Op. Cit., &lt;/i&gt;hlm. 309-311.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn6&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref6&quot; name=&quot;_ftn6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ibid&lt;/i&gt;.,
hlm. 311.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn7&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref7&quot; name=&quot;_ftn7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ibid.,
&lt;/i&gt;hlm. 317.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn8&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref8&quot; name=&quot;_ftn8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Riana
Sari, “Dampak globalisasi bagi kesehatan dan lingkungan”, Slideshare, di akses
dari
http://www.slideshare.net/rianams/dampak-globalisasi-bagi-kesehatan-dan-lingkungan?from_
action=save, pada 24 Maret 2016 pukul 15:32 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn9&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref9&quot; name=&quot;_ftn9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Dedik Budianta&lt;/span&gt;, “Pentingnya Etika Lingkungan Untuk
Meminimalkan Global Warming”, Tesis Jurusan Tanah, Fakultas Pertanian dan
Program Studi Lingkungan, Pasca Sarjana Universitas Sriwijaya, 2010, hlm. 3-9.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn10&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref10&quot; name=&quot;_ftn10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;
Muhammad Djakfar, &lt;i&gt;Etika Bisnis dalam Perspektif Islam, &lt;/i&gt;(Malang:
UIN-Malang Press, 2007), hlm. 145-146.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn11&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref11&quot; name=&quot;_ftn11&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn11;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;
Yusuf Qardawi, &lt;i&gt;Peran dan Nilai Moral dalam Perekonomian Islam,&lt;/i&gt; tar. K.H.
Didin Hafidhuddin, dkk., (Jakarta: Robbani Press, 1995), hlm. 141.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn12&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref12&quot; name=&quot;_ftn12&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn12;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;i&gt;Ibid.,
&lt;/i&gt;hlm. 169-173.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn13&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-indent: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref13&quot; name=&quot;_ftn13&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn13;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Ibid., &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;hlm.
141-147.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn14&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref14&quot; name=&quot;_ftn14&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn14;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 9.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 9.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Muhammad Djakfar, &lt;i&gt;Op. Cit., &lt;/i&gt;hlm. 150.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:107%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
table.MsoTableGrid
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Grid&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-priority:39;
 mso-style-unhide:no;
 border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
 mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;
 mso-border-insidev:.5pt solid windowtext;
 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-ansi-language:EN-US;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1027&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
  &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/765930121212686416/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/765930121212686416?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/765930121212686416'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/765930121212686416'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2016/04/bisnis-lingkungan-hidup-dan-etika.html' title='Bisnis, Lingkungan Hidup dan Etika'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiocG2TASnl5Tt8mt8rNrVJfcJAc7e2PBALZL_TEp9QTdhL1G_ggcn7uLFo-CF820g8LHx77739cmsHO9XmIPlQF-hD4pD2AFyQmw4nfq_vRt7d6a7LfExAFizMrO14b1l6IOGAwBC5zx8/s72-c/Pelindo+III+Youth+Camp+2015-112.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-5499866795951534722</id><published>2016-03-15T02:31:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2016-03-29T22:43:05.309+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renungan umum"/><title type='text'>Terbunuh di Tangan Cinta</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;
  &lt;o:AllowPNG/&gt;
 &lt;/o:OfficeDocumentSettings&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:WordDocument&gt;
  &lt;w:View&gt;Normal&lt;/w:View&gt;
  &lt;w:Zoom&gt;0&lt;/w:Zoom&gt;
  &lt;w:TrackMoves/&gt;
  &lt;w:TrackFormatting/&gt;
  &lt;w:PunctuationKerning/&gt;
  &lt;w:ValidateAgainstSchemas/&gt;
  &lt;w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;false&lt;/w:SaveIfXMLInvalid&gt;
  &lt;w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;false&lt;/w:IgnoreMixedContent&gt;
  &lt;w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;false&lt;/w:AlwaysShowPlaceholderText&gt;
  &lt;w:DoNotPromoteQF/&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeOther&gt;IN&lt;/w:LidThemeOther&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeAsian&gt;X-NONE&lt;/w:LidThemeAsian&gt;
  &lt;w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;AR-SA&lt;/w:LidThemeComplexScript&gt;
  &lt;w:Compatibility&gt;
   &lt;w:BreakWrappedTables/&gt;
   &lt;w:SnapToGridInCell/&gt;
   &lt;w:WrapTextWithPunct/&gt;
   &lt;w:UseAsianBreakRules/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontGrowAutofit/&gt;
   &lt;w:SplitPgBreakAndParaMark/&gt;
   &lt;w:EnableOpenTypeKerning/&gt;
   &lt;w:DontFlipMirrorIndents/&gt;
   &lt;w:OverrideTableStyleHps/&gt;
  &lt;/w:Compatibility&gt;
  &lt;m:mathPr&gt;
   &lt;m:mathFont m:val=&quot;Cambria Math&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:brkBin m:val=&quot;before&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;
   &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot;
  DefSemiHidden=&quot;false&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;
  LatentStyleCount=&quot;371&quot;&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;9&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;heading 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footer&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;index heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;35&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;caption&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;page number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;macro&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3_U7pBD9r8qW4Ub95zfUDiIRFoboxfZVHfqBSZjxfxnwlQGo6-Srf4HbBKPiFpRAbmy3pZz_JDL4sd4K8J3l376GJ6v4OpzbftKnX2xL8349B1yGmrGlTXE0xqlUiWPLxbhPMlubQ64/s1600/P_20160115_104654.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Terbunuh Ditangan Cinta &quot; border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3_U7pBD9r8qW4Ub95zfUDiIRFoboxfZVHfqBSZjxfxnwlQGo6-Srf4HbBKPiFpRAbmy3pZz_JDL4sd4K8J3l376GJ6v4OpzbftKnX2xL8349B1yGmrGlTXE0xqlUiWPLxbhPMlubQ64/s200/P_20160115_104654.jpg&quot; title=&quot;Teuku Umar Johan | UMM | HMPS Ekonomi Syariah UMM&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: xx-small;&quot;&gt;Arjuno 3339 MDPL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;“Sampai di mana
aku sekarang duhai Kekasih?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Langkah demi
langkah sudah kulewati bersama sepi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Dalam pencarian
cintaku dan cinta akan diri-Mu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Melewati
gumpalan demi gumpalan rahasia &lt;i&gt;alif-Mu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Hingga aku
merasa sudah sampai langit demi langit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Berjalan dalam
belantara luas &lt;i&gt;mi’raj&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;mi’raj&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Kini aku tak
berdaya, ketika orang-orang mengikatku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Dan aku tak
akan berusaha melepas dan memberontak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Sebab aku
merasa Engkau sudah memberiku tanda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Untuk aku baca
dan meneruskan langkah pencarian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Perjalanan yang
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Kalau aku sudah
tenggelam begini dengan cintaku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Apakah Kau tega
akan mengeluarkan aku begitu saja?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Dalam Samudera &lt;i&gt;ma’rifat&lt;/i&gt;,
hakikat dan &lt;i&gt;hubbm-Mu&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Duhai kekasih,
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Dalam &lt;i&gt;Adzan-ku&lt;/i&gt;,
&lt;i&gt;dzikir&lt;/i&gt; panjangku, sunyi-senyapku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;O kekasih, mata
dan jantungku kini terus bergerak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Meski kaki dan
tanganku ditali dan tidak bisa berkutik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Hati dan
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Tahmid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;, &lt;i&gt;tahlil&lt;/i&gt; dan takbir memantul-mantul
semesta&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Sampai sukmaku,
badanku bergerak menjadi satu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;~Aguk Irawan
MN~&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , serif; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;Tuhan maaf Engkau Kumadu &lt;i&gt;(ia yang terbunuh di tangan cinta)&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/5499866795951534722/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/5499866795951534722?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/5499866795951534722'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/5499866795951534722'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2016/03/terbunuh-di-tangan-cinta.html' title='Terbunuh di Tangan Cinta'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgk3_U7pBD9r8qW4Ub95zfUDiIRFoboxfZVHfqBSZjxfxnwlQGo6-Srf4HbBKPiFpRAbmy3pZz_JDL4sd4K8J3l376GJ6v4OpzbftKnX2xL8349B1yGmrGlTXE0xqlUiWPLxbhPMlubQ64/s72-c/P_20160115_104654.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-3021647701210991429</id><published>2016-03-14T12:44:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2024-08-03T12:47:43.573+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Filsafat Ilmu; Mengurangi Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi Pengetahuan</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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   &lt;m:brkBinSub m:val=&quot;&amp;#45;-&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:smallFrac m:val=&quot;off&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:dispDef/&gt;
   &lt;m:lMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:rMargin m:val=&quot;0&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:defJc m:val=&quot;centerGroup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:wrapIndent m:val=&quot;1440&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:intLim m:val=&quot;subSup&quot;/&gt;
   &lt;m:naryLim m:val=&quot;undOvr&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;/m:mathPr&gt;&lt;/w:WordDocument&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;w:LatentStyles DefLockedState=&quot;false&quot; DefUnhideWhenUsed=&quot;false&quot;
  DefSemiHidden=&quot;false&quot; DefQFormat=&quot;false&quot; DefPriority=&quot;99&quot;
  LatentStyleCount=&quot;371&quot;&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;0&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Normal&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;index 6&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;index 7&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;index 8&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;index 9&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 4&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 8&quot;/&gt;
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   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;toc 9&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;footnote text&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;annotation text&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;header&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;table of figures&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;envelope address&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;envelope return&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;annotation reference&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;line number&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;endnote text&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;table of authorities&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;toa heading&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List 4&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List 5&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Bullet 5&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Number 2&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Number 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:107%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
table.MsoTableGrid
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Grid&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-priority:39;
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 border:solid windowtext 1.0pt;
 mso-border-alt:solid windowtext .5pt;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-border-insideh:.5pt solid windowtext;
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 mso-para-margin:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:.0001pt;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-fareast-language:EN-US;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvG19SvQEO487Q30S-TzL3GYCrApfq75hBQSYYhp2kh2cIIGA_A9TQ-5VWzMyM2Xn8Dv5HgromFEFx63_gL-Sdcay8uRgi40YLkFdWFyX5OzBNmR-_d6h917Tzb3sL323KP__2UlwaUHAToezVFyPa2vz_IPsLgs7lFFIby1iGS_d5WLGhiAVTTdvcqQQ/s272/images.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;272&quot; data-original-width=&quot;185&quot; height=&quot;272&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvG19SvQEO487Q30S-TzL3GYCrApfq75hBQSYYhp2kh2cIIGA_A9TQ-5VWzMyM2Xn8Dv5HgromFEFx63_gL-Sdcay8uRgi40YLkFdWFyX5OzBNmR-_d6h917Tzb3sL323KP__2UlwaUHAToezVFyPa2vz_IPsLgs7lFFIby1iGS_d5WLGhiAVTTdvcqQQ/s1600/images.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;185&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;RESENSI BUKU&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Oleh: Teuku Umar Johan | Ekonomi Syariah UMM&#39;13 | 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tugas Mata Kuliah Filsafat Ilmu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 84.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 84.75pt; text-indent: -84.75pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Judul buku&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Filsafat Ilmu: Mengurai Ontologi,
Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 84.75pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 84.75pt; text-indent: 0.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pengetahuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Penulis&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 3;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Prof. Dr. Ahmad Tafsir&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Penerbit&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 3;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;PT Remaja Rosdakarya – Bandung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tahun Terbit&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Cetakan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 3;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;:
VIII&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Ukuran&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;buku&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; :&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;22 cm x16 cm&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Jumlah halaman&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;:
247 halaman&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Prof. Dr. Ahmad Tafsir merupakan guru besar fakultas tarbiyah Bandung.
Dalam hal karya tulis beliau lebih menyukai tulisan bertema pendidikan dan
filsafat. Lahir di Bengkulu tahun 1942. Bermula dari ketertarikannya dengan
agama, dari Sekolah Rakyat kemudian melanjutkan PGA (pendidikan guru agama di
Fakultas Tarbiyah IAIN Yogyakarta. Selanjutnya, beliau mengambil S2 dan pada
tahun 1987 sudah mendapatkan gelar doktornya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;selain kara tulisnya mengenai buku-buku filsafat seperti &lt;i&gt;Filsafat Ilmu:
Menuju Pengetahuan Mistik, filsafat Umum, Akal dan Hati Sejak Thales sampai
Capra&lt;b&gt;, &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/i&gt;salah satu bukunya yang menarik dan sangat lugas tentang makna
&lt;i&gt;pengetahuan&lt;/i&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;adalah buku &lt;i&gt;Filsafat
Ilmu: Mengurai Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi pengetahuan&lt;/i&gt;. Buku
fenomenal yang sudah cetak ulang delapan kali ini memberikan pandangan luas
mengenai makna &lt;i&gt;pengetahuan. &lt;/i&gt;Pembaca dapat membedakan Ilmu dan
pengetahuan, dan menguak pengetahuan dengan menggunakan ukuran isi Al-Qur’an
sehingga membentuk kapling pengetahuan yang dijabarkan secara sederhana oleh
penulis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Seseorang memang dibebaskan dalam berpendapat, pendapat itulah hasil dari
pikiran. Tetapi masyarakat awam berpikir tidak secara mendalam dan hanya
sebatas sepengetahuan mereka, bahkan mereka tidak benar-benar menegaskan
perbedaan jenis-jenis pengetahuan, atau bisa dikatakan mereka tidak mengetahui
dengan jelas apa itu pengetahuan. Lalu apa sih pengetahuan? Apakah pengetahuan
sama dengan ilmu? Dan apa saja jenis-jenis pengetahuan? Dalam buku karya Prof.
Dr. Ahmad Tafsir ini menjelaskan definisi pengetahuan dan jenis-jenisnya. Lebih
menariknya lagi, buku ini memuat uraian mengenai perbedaan makna logis dan
rasional. Dua kata yang acap kali mempunyai kemiripan makna, namun penulis
membedakannya. Penulis juga membagi pengetahuan manusia pada tiga kapling yaitu
pengetahuan Sain, pengetahuan filsafat dan pengetahuan mistik. Penulis
menjelaskan setiap kapling tersebut dengan ontologi, epistemologi dan aksiologi
beserta contoh-contoh yang dapat diterima oleh akal manusia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Dalam buku ini terbagi menjadi empat bab, yakni: bab 1 pendahuluan, bab 2
pengetahuan sain, bab 3 pengetahuan filsafat, dan bab 4 pengetahuan mistik.
Pendahuluan membahas tentang apa saja yang dikaji dalam filsafat, apa itu
pengetahuan dan apa itu ilmu, yaitu ilmu dalam bahasa Arab berasal dari kata
“al-a’lim” berarti pengetahuan (&lt;i&gt;knowledge)&lt;/i&gt;, sedangkan kata ilmu dalam
bahasa Indonesia biasanya merupakan terjemahan&lt;i&gt; science&lt;/i&gt;. Ilmu dalam &lt;i&gt;science&lt;/i&gt;
itu hanya sebagian dari &lt;i&gt;al-a’lim&lt;/i&gt; dalam bahasa Arab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lalu apa itu pengetahuan? Pengetahuan ialah semua yang diketahui. Menurut
Al-Qur’an, tatkala manusia dalam perut ibunya, ia tidak tahu apa-apa. Tatkala
ia baru lahir pun barangkali ia juga belum tahu apa-apa. Kalaupun bayi baru
lahir itu menangis, barangkali karena kaget saja, mungkin matanya merasakan
silau, atau badannya merasakan dingin, lantas ia menangis. Tatkala bayi itu
menjadi orang dewasa, katakanlah ketika ia telah berumur 40 tahunan,
pengetahuannya sudah banyak sekali. Semakin bertambah umur manusia maka semakin
banyak pengetahuan yang mereka dapat. Intinya pengetahuan ialah semua yang diketahui
manusia. Sebenarnya pengetahuan sain tidaklah sesederhana itu. Pengetahuan sain
harus berdasarkan logika (dalam arti rasional). Pengetahuan sain ialah
pengetahuan yang rasional dan didukung bukti empiris. Dalam bentuknya yang
sudah baku, pengetahuan sain itu memiliki paradigma dan metode. Paradigmanya
disebut paradigma sain dan metodenya disebut metode ilmiah. Maka formula utama
dalam pengetahuan sain ialah membuktikan bahwa itu rasional dan menunjukkan
buktinya yang empiris.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Lalu apa itu pengetahuan filsafat? Pengetahuan filsafat adalah pengetahuan
yang hanya dapat dipertanggungjawabkan secara rasional. Bila rasional, benar,
bila tidak, salah. Kebenarannya tidak pernah dapat dibuktikan secara empiris.
Bila ia rasional dan empiris, maka ia berubah menjadi pengetahuan sain. Objek
penelitiannya adalah objek-objek yang abstrak, karena objeknya abstrak, maka
temuannya juga abstrak, dan paradigmanya adalah paradigma rasional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Adapun pengetahuan mistik, yaitu pengetahuan yang beliau sebut metode
latihan dan metode keyakinan (yakin), berparadigma mistik, dan kebenarannya
pada umumnya tidak dapat dibuktikan secara empiris dan selalu tidak terjangkau
pembuktiannya secara rasional. Ontologi sain membicarakan hakikat dan struktur
sain, struktur sain dalam buku beliau dibagi menjadi dua, yaitu sain kealaman
dan sain sosial, namun ternyata beliau menambahkan sain humaniora agar tampak
lengkap. Kemudian epistemologi sain dalam buku ini menguraikan objek
pengetahuan sain, cara memperolehnya dan cara mengukur kebenarannya. Objek
pengetahuannya ialah semua objek yang empiris dan cara memperolehnya dengan
cara rasionalisme, empirisme, positivisme, metode ilmiah, dan metode riset,
kemudian cara mengukur kebenaran dengan membuktikannya. Aksiologi sain meliputi
kegunaan sain, cara sain menyelesaikan masalah, dan netralitas sain.
Sekurang-kurangnya ada tiga kegunaan teori sain: sebagai alat membuat
eksplansi, sebagai alat peramal, dan alat pengontrol. Lalu apa itu ontologi
filsafat, ontologi filsafat dalam buku ini membicarakan hakikat filsafat, yaitu
apa pengetahuan filsafat sesungguhnya. Kemudian ada pula struktur filsafat dan
filsafat terdiri atas tiga cabang besar yaitu ontologi, membicarakan hakikat
(segala sesuatu); ini berupa pengetahuan tentang hakikat segala sesuatu.
Epistemologi yaitu membicarakan cara memperoleh pengetahuan itu, dan aksiologi
membicarakan guna pengetahuan itu. Ontologi mencakup banyak sekali filsafat,
mungkin semua filsafat masuk di sini, misalnya logika, metafisika, kosmologi,
teologi, antropologi, etika, estetika, filsafat pendidikan, filsafat hukum,
dll. Kegunaan pengetahuan filsafat, untuk mengetahui kegunaan filsafat, kita
dapat memulainya dengan melihat filsafat sebagai tiga hal, pertama filsafat
sebagai kumpulan teori filsafat, kedua filsafat sebagai metode pemecahan
masalah, ketiga filsafat sebagai pandangan hidup.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Kemudian pada bab terakhir dalam buku ini membahas tentang pengetahuan
mistik. Ontologi pengetahuan mistik yaitu hakikat pengetahuan itu, yaitu
pengetahuan yang tidak rasional, maksudnya hubungan sebab akibat yang terjadi
tidak dapat dipahami rasio. Pengetahuan mistik ialah pengetahuan yang
supra-rasional tetapi kadang-kadang memiliki bukti empiris. Epistemologi
pengetahuan mistik yaitu objek yang abstrak supra-rasional, seperti alam gaib termasuk
Tuhan, malaikat, surga, neraka, jin, dll. Aksiologi (kegunaannya) secara kasar
digunakan untuk memperkuat keimanan, mistik-magis-putih digunakan untuk
kebaikan, sedangkan yang hitam digunakan untuk kejahatan. Beliau juga
menuliskan beberapa contoh pengetahuan mistik yaitu mukasyafah, ilmu laduni,
ilmu saefi, jangjawokan, sihir, ilmu kebal, santet, pelet, debus, ilmu tentang
jin, nyambat, ilmu kanuragan. Dengan demikian kita dapat mengetahui apa saja
yang termasuk pengetahuan mistik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Dari penjelasan di atas, untuk lebih&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;muda memahami ke tiga pengetahuan tersebut dapat di lihat matriks
berikut ini:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Pengetahuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;121&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Objek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;&quot; width=&quot;142&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Paradigma&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Metode&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Kriteria&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;SAIN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;121&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Empiris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;&quot; width=&quot;142&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Metode Ilmiah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rasional-Empiris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;FILSAFAT&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;121&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Abstrak Rasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.3pt;&quot; width=&quot;142&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Metode rasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 49.15pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: 1pt solid windowtext; height: 49.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 72.15pt;&quot; width=&quot;96&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;MISTIK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 49.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 90.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;121&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Abstrak-Supra-Rasional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Mistik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 49.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 3cm;&quot; width=&quot;113&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Latihan, Percaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: 1pt solid windowtext; border-left: none; border-right: 1pt solid windowtext; border-top: none; height: 49.15pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt; width: 96.65pt;&quot; width=&quot;129&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rasa, Iman, Logis, Kadang empiris&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Buku ini sederhana sekali dan topik
bahasannya hanya sedikit dan telah diusahakan menggunakan bahasa yang efisien.
Judul buku ini adalah “Filsafat Ilmu”, padahal yang dimaksud ialah filsafat
pengetahuan. Hal ini dilakukan dengan pertimbangan istilah filsafat ilmu jauh
lebih dikenal ketimbang filsafat pengetahuan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 21.25pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Dari setiap keunikan dan kelebihan sebuah buku, pasti ada kekurangannya, jelasnya
&lt;i&gt;tidak ada gading yang tidak retak&lt;/i&gt;.&amp;nbsp; Sampul yang kurang menarik dan
jilidan buku yang kurang kuat membuat pembaca perlu berhati-hati dalam membuka
tiap lembaran-lembarannya. Penulis juga sering menggunakan kata &lt;i&gt;dus&lt;/i&gt;,
yang untuk sebagian pembaca tidak mengetahui maksud makna kata tersebut. Namun,
secara umum, dengan berbagai revisi yang sudah dilakukan penulis, buku ini
sangat membantu dalam memahami &lt;i&gt;pengetahuan&lt;/i&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/3021647701210991429/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/3021647701210991429?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3021647701210991429'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3021647701210991429'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2016/03/filsafat-ilmu-mengurangi-ontologi.html' title='Filsafat Ilmu; Mengurangi Ontologi, Epistemologi, dan Aksiologi Pengetahuan'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgvG19SvQEO487Q30S-TzL3GYCrApfq75hBQSYYhp2kh2cIIGA_A9TQ-5VWzMyM2Xn8Dv5HgromFEFx63_gL-Sdcay8uRgi40YLkFdWFyX5OzBNmR-_d6h917Tzb3sL323KP__2UlwaUHAToezVFyPa2vz_IPsLgs7lFFIby1iGS_d5WLGhiAVTTdvcqQQ/s72-c/images.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-608783992853801007</id><published>2015-12-20T03:44:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2015-12-24T13:24:02.855+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Umum"/><title type='text'>Pelindo III: Harapan Indonesia dalam Mewujudkan Poros Maritim Dunia</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
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&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: right; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_IIt2pVMuhefiC6aXc1i51kayvDqZ6DxXIJdbiclEbi4NL40zI4xKZMX2iQ9bA0CFjo54fJhq35nad5OH5s3fYnEC7ypJlK4ylt5LvzFv26VJb24TIolxpY6e6IHtWScEmUV1GMoS7tc/s1600/P_20151213_151746_1_p%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_IIt2pVMuhefiC6aXc1i51kayvDqZ6DxXIJdbiclEbi4NL40zI4xKZMX2iQ9bA0CFjo54fJhq35nad5OH5s3fYnEC7ypJlK4ylt5LvzFv26VJb24TIolxpY6e6IHtWScEmUV1GMoS7tc/s200/P_20151213_151746_1_p%255B1%255D.jpg&quot; width=&quot;150&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Pembongkaran Muatan Kapal&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: 36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Dewasa ini,
keberadaan pelabuhan di Indonesia&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;sangatlah penting sebagai jalur perdagangan antar daerah maupun negara.
Hal ini disebabkan Indonesia sendiri merupakan negara kepulauan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(&lt;i&gt;Archipelago&lt;/i&gt;) terbesar di dunia. Penggunaan
jalur laut sebagai sarana transportasi maupun perdagangan sangat strategis
sebagai solusi penghubung antar daerah maupun negara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Perkembangan pelabuhan
Indonesia dibuktikan dengan meningkatnya pembangunan pelabuhan yang dilakukan
Pemerintah maupun Swasta. Ironisnya, selama ini perkembangan pembangunan
pelabuhan indonesia tidak sebanding dengan fasilitas dan teknologi yang
mumpuni, sehingga indonesia masih kalah dengan Singapura.&lt;/span&gt; Karena, meski
Singapura negara yang kecil dan bukan negara kepulauan, akan tetapi mampu
memanfaatkan wilayah laut dan posisi strategisnya untuk mengendalikan
perdagangan dunia&amp;nbsp; dengan membangun pelabuhan kelas internasional. Ini bisa
dilihat dari berbagai keunggulan pelabuhan Singapura, antara lain seperti
kecanggihan teknologinya dan kualitas pelayanan mereka. Faktor ini yang membuat
hampir seluruh kapal yang melintasi Selat Malaka memilih singgah di pelabuhan
Singapura. Imbasnya,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;negara kehilangan
devisa untuk membayar biaya sandar di pelabuhan, karena hampir 3 juta hingga 4
juta kontainer setiap tahun yang akan diekspor dari Indonesia, harus transit di
Singapura.&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Berkenaan
dengan hal ini, mimpi Indonesia menjadi poros maritim dunia akan segera
terwujud dengan pembangunan megaproyek &lt;i&gt;Java Integrated Industrial and Port
Estate&lt;/i&gt; (JIIPE). JIIPE adalah sebuah proyek yang mengintegrasikan pelabuhan laut
dalam, kawasan industri, dan kawasan hunian ke dalam satu paket. Proyek
pelabuhan dan kawasan industri terpadu ini dikembangkan oleh PT Berlian Jasa
Terminal Indonesia, anak perusahaan dari PT Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero)
dan PT Usaha Era Pratama Nusantara, anak perusahaan dari PT AKR Corporindo Tbk.
JIIPE berlokasi di Gresik - Jawa Timur, 24 km dari Surabaya ibukota Jawa Timur,
dengan luas total 2.933 Ha, JIIPE berperan sebagai kawasan industri yang
terintegrasi dengan fasilitas pelabuhan laut dalam dan dilengkapi dengan
infrastruktur dan perlengkapan berteknologi tinggi. Fasilitas-fasilitas
pendukung akan dibangun dekat dengan pelabuhan laut termasuk open yard, gudang,
CBU yards untuk kendaraan, terminal tangki penyimpanan kargo cair, stock yard
batubara di dekat pembangkit listrik, wood log, workshop, kantor, dan
fasilitas-fasilitas umum lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sampai dengan
akhir tahun 2015 megaproyek ini telah dibangun infrastruktur dasar, berupa
jalan dan jembatan, serta turut dilakukan penambahan peralatan bongkar muat
seperti Container Crane (CC), Harbour Mobile Crane (HMC), RTG, Fixed Crane, dan
peralatan pendukung lainnya. Sampai sekarang keberlanjutan proyek
pembangunannya sudah sampai tahap akhir dan dicananangkan dua tahun lagi, yakni
tahun 2017 JIIPE siap bersaing dengan pelabuhan kelas internasional lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Dengan adanya
pelabuhan kelas internasional ini, kapal-kapal dengan kapasitas besar maupun kecil
yang ingin ke Indonesia dan sebaliknya tidak perlu &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;transit di Singapura melainkan langsung bisa
bersandar di pelabuhan JIIPE. Sehingga negara tidak dikhawatirkan kehilangan
devisa, sebaliknya akan mendapatkan pendapatan nasional yang tinggi. Pembangunan
megaproyek ini tidak lepas dari komitmen PT. Pelabuhan Indonesia III (Persero)
atau sering dikenal dengan Pelindo 3 dalam memacu integrasi logistik, guna kepentingan
konektivitas antarpelabuhan nasional dan internasional, dalam memperkuat
perdagangan dalam dan luar negeri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Perlu
diketahui, Pelindo 3 merupakan operator terminal pelabuhan yang mengelola 43
pelabuhan dengan 16 kantor cabang yang tersebar di tujuh propinsi di Indonesia
meliputi Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Bali, Nusa Tenggara Barat, Nusa Tenggara
Timur, Kalimantan Tengah, dan Kalimantan Selatan. Peran Pelindo 3 dalam
mewujudkan visi Indonesia menjadi poros maritim dunia tidak hanya dengan
pembangunan pelabuhan berkelas internasional. Akan tetapi lebih dari itu, Pelindo
3 menjalin kemitraan dengan berbagai pihak untuk sama-sama mewujudkan visi
Indonesia menjadi poros maritim dunia dalam bisnis kemaritiman, dalam hal
wisata bahari seperti Boom Marina Banyuwangi, Bali dan Nusa Tenggara Timur kemudian
menyusul untuk terintegrasi dengan tempat wisata seperti Lombok dan lain
sebagainya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Kini Pelindo 3
menginjak usia yang ke 23 tahun, ia terus memacu kinerja dan berkomitmen untuk
mempererat kerjasama dengan mitra kerja demi terus meningkatkan pelayanan jasa
kepelabuhanan. Menjadi salah satu BUMN besar di Indonesia dengan tingkat jumlah
aset yang meningkat setiap tahunnya. Hal ini membuktikan bahwa Pelindo 3
memiliki daya saing yang tinggi dan menjadi perusahaan berkelas internasional.
(Umar)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/608783992853801007/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/608783992853801007?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/608783992853801007'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/608783992853801007'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/12/pelindo-iii-harapan-indonesia-dalam.html' title='Pelindo III: Harapan Indonesia dalam Mewujudkan Poros Maritim Dunia'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi_IIt2pVMuhefiC6aXc1i51kayvDqZ6DxXIJdbiclEbi4NL40zI4xKZMX2iQ9bA0CFjo54fJhq35nad5OH5s3fYnEC7ypJlK4ylt5LvzFv26VJb24TIolxpY6e6IHtWScEmUV1GMoS7tc/s72-c/P_20151213_151746_1_p%255B1%255D.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Malang, Kota Malang, Jawa Timur, Indonesia</georss:featurename><georss:point>-7.9666204 112.63263210000002</georss:point><georss:box>-8.0924199 112.47127060000003 -7.8408209 112.79399360000002</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-3144268104768008964</id><published>2015-04-15T14:32:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2015-04-15T14:47:49.167+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Teuku Umar Joha"/><title type='text'>SEMANGAT PERANTAUAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
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   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:107%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-ansi-language:IN;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;WAHAI PEMUDA
JIKA KAMU LELAH DALAM MENUNTUT ILMU INGAT PESAN IMAM SYAF&#39;I DALAM PERJUANGANYA
MENCARI ILMU..!!!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Merantaulah…!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Orang
berilmu dan beradab tidak diam beristirahat di kampung halaman.&lt;br /&gt;
Tinggalkan negerimu dan hidup asing (di negeri orang). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto; mso-margin-top-alt: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;‪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;‎&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;float: left; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMjomYjcQ6YaID6YSPVc4hD0uxvTTzgdFsYO6D3uHzwotcpvfNPHHP44ActVniwXWMCPixUYTiNTpOy-vNhC86w9Xjwlth1Z6sac_9Yhwn4wyYcDVQDBvBDanV_48ZhD8PN-OPby3xffo/s1600/DSC04544.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMjomYjcQ6YaID6YSPVc4hD0uxvTTzgdFsYO6D3uHzwotcpvfNPHHP44ActVniwXWMCPixUYTiNTpOy-vNhC86w9Xjwlth1Z6sac_9Yhwn4wyYcDVQDBvBDanV_48ZhD8PN-OPby3xffo/s1600/DSC04544.JPG&quot; height=&quot;150&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Keluarga IPPELMAS-Malang&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Merantaulah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;…!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kau akan
dapatkan pengganti dari orang-orang yang engkau tinggalkan (kerabat dan
kawan).Berlelah-lelahlah, manisnya hidup terasa setelah lelah berjuang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Aku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; melihat air menjadi rusak karena
diam tertahan..&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;
Jika mengalir menjadi jernih, jika tidak, akan keruh menggenang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;‪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Singa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; jika tak tinggalkan sarang, tak
akan dapat mangsa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;
Anak panah jika tak tinggalkan busur, tak akan kena sasaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-decoration: none;&quot;&gt;‪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Jika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; matahari di orbitnya tak bergerak
dan terus berdiam, tentu manusia bosan padanya dan enggan memandang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/bijih?source=feed_text&amp;amp;story_id=823163144420364&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: windowtext; text-decoration: none; text-underline: none;&quot;&gt;‪&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;color: blue; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;‎&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12pt;&quot;&gt;Bijih&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; emas tak ada bedanya dengan tanah
biasa di tempatnya (sebelum ditambang).&lt;br /&gt;
Kayu gaharu tak ubahnya seperti kayu biasa jika di dalam hutan. Jika gaharu itu
keluar dari hutan, ia menjadi parfum yang tinggi nilainya. Jika bijih
memisahkan diri (dari tanah), barulah ia dihargai sebagai emas murni.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(Sumber diambil dari Diwan al-Imam
asy-Syafi’i. Cet. Syirkah al-Arqam bin Abi al-Arqam. Beirut. Hal. 39)&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/3144268104768008964/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/3144268104768008964?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3144268104768008964'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3144268104768008964'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/04/semangat-perantauan.html' title='SEMANGAT PERANTAUAN'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMjomYjcQ6YaID6YSPVc4hD0uxvTTzgdFsYO6D3uHzwotcpvfNPHHP44ActVniwXWMCPixUYTiNTpOy-vNhC86w9Xjwlth1Z6sac_9Yhwn4wyYcDVQDBvBDanV_48ZhD8PN-OPby3xffo/s72-c/DSC04544.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total><georss:featurename>Malang, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia</georss:featurename><georss:point>-7.9666204 112.63263210000002</georss:point><georss:box>-8.0924199 112.47127060000003 -7.8408209 112.79399360000002</georss:box></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-5200351801223709532</id><published>2015-04-07T11:17:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2015-04-07T11:31:36.926+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Sejarah Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia dan Negara Tetangga</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
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  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Number 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;10&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Closing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Default Paragraph Font&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Continue 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Message Header&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;11&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Subtitle&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Salutation&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Date&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text First Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Note Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Body Text Indent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Block Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Hyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;FollowedHyperlink&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;22&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Strong&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;20&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Document Map&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Plain Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;E-mail Signature&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Top of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Bottom of Form&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal (Web)&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Acronym&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Address&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Cite&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Code&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Definition&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Keyboard&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Preformatted&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Sample&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Typewriter&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;HTML Variable&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Normal Table&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;annotation subject&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;No List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Outline List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Simple 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Classic 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Colorful 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Columns 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Grid 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 7&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table List 8&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table 3D effects 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Contemporary&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Elegant&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Professional&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Subtle 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Web 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Balloon Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; Name=&quot;Table Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Table Theme&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Placeholder Text&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;1&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;No Spacing&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Revision&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;34&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Paragraph&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;29&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;30&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Quote&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;60&quot; Name=&quot;Light Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;61&quot; Name=&quot;Light List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;62&quot; Name=&quot;Light Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;63&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;64&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Shading 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;65&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;66&quot; Name=&quot;Medium List 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;67&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 1 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;68&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;69&quot; Name=&quot;Medium Grid 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;70&quot; Name=&quot;Dark List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;71&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Shading Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;72&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful List Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;73&quot; Name=&quot;Colorful Grid Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;19&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;21&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Emphasis&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;31&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Subtle Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;32&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot;
   Name=&quot;Intense Reference&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;33&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Book Title&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;37&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;Bibliography&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;39&quot; SemiHidden=&quot;true&quot;
   UnhideWhenUsed=&quot;true&quot; QFormat=&quot;true&quot; Name=&quot;TOC Heading&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;41&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;42&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;43&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;44&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;45&quot; Name=&quot;Plain Table 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;40&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;Grid Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;Grid Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 1&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 2&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 3&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 4&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 5&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;46&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 1 Light Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;47&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 2 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;48&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 3 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;49&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 4 Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;50&quot; Name=&quot;List Table 5 Dark Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;51&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 6 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
  &lt;w:LsdException Locked=&quot;false&quot; Priority=&quot;52&quot;
   Name=&quot;List Table 7 Colorful Accent 6&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/w:LatentStyles&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 10]&gt;
&lt;style&gt;
 /* Style Definitions */
 table.MsoNormalTable
 {mso-style-name:&quot;Table Normal&quot;;
 mso-tstyle-rowband-size:0;
 mso-tstyle-colband-size:0;
 mso-style-noshow:yes;
 mso-style-priority:99;
 mso-style-parent:&quot;&quot;;
 mso-padding-alt:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;
 mso-para-margin-top:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-right:0cm;
 mso-para-margin-bottom:8.0pt;
 mso-para-margin-left:0cm;
 line-height:107%;
 mso-pagination:widow-orphan;
 font-size:11.0pt;
 font-family:&quot;Calibri&quot;,sans-serif;
 mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;
 mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;
 mso-ansi-language:IN;}
&lt;/style&gt;
&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapedefaults v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; spidmax=&quot;1036&quot;/&gt;
&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;&lt;!--[if gte mso 9]&gt;&lt;xml&gt;
 &lt;o:shapelayout v:ext=&quot;edit&quot;&gt;
  &lt;o:idmap v:ext=&quot;edit&quot; data=&quot;1&quot;/&gt;
 &lt;/o:shapelayout&gt;&lt;/xml&gt;&lt;![endif]--&gt;

&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 20.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;MAKALAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sejarah
Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia dan Negara Tetangga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Disusun untuk tugas Perbankan Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dosen Pengampuh: &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Atut Frida Agustin, SE, ME&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwnN_J6r146buEMpyHuLPjx1U43EtbeYAEHmBZGdD_j6lWSTGv9JfRkEBZ0lrI7Xgou2r6DpPluNq5KXMqmHjh2wCBYfcOHLKwkBI82RAv6gMEe8-WPJWLskzhRQKUsU4C-2SlwLoDa04/s1600/Picture1.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwnN_J6r146buEMpyHuLPjx1U43EtbeYAEHmBZGdD_j6lWSTGv9JfRkEBZ0lrI7Xgou2r6DpPluNq5KXMqmHjh2wCBYfcOHLKwkBI82RAv6gMEe8-WPJWLskzhRQKUsU4C-2SlwLoDa04/s1600/Picture1.jpg&quot; height=&quot;195&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tk. Umar Johan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;NIM: 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;PROGRAM STUDI EKONOMI SYARIAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;FAKULTAS AGAMA ISLAM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;KATA
PENGANTAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Segala
puji bagi Allah Swt. yang telah memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam penyusunan
makalah ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurahkan kepada baginda
Rasulullah SAW, keluarga dan para sahabatnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Makalah
ini merupakan salah satu tugas yang diamanahkan oleh Dosen &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Perbankan Syariah&lt;/b&gt; Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah Fakultas Agama
Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, yaitu Ibu &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Atut Frida Agustin, SE, ME&lt;/b&gt;. Dengan segala keterbatasan, penyusun
telah berusaha secara maksimal dalam mempersiapkan makalah ini sebaik mungkin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di
tengah-tengah penatnya punggung dan beratnya kelopak mata menahan kantuk,
sungguh penyusun telah memperoleh banyak tambahan pengetahuan, terutama yang
berkaitan dengan Sejarah Perbankan Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Akhirnya
berkat rasa mobilitas dan kerja sama dengan teman-teman, makalah yang sederhana
ini dapat terselesaikan. Sungguh sebuah tugas yang tidak ringan, namun sangat
mengasyikkan. Penyusun sadar makalah ini belum sepenuhnya sempurna, maka dari
itu penyusun meminta kritikan serta masukan yang membangun demi kesempurnaan
yang akan datang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt; Malang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;, 10 Maret 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Penyusun &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Tk. Umar Johan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;BAB 1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.1
Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Perbankan Syariah merupakan bagian dari entitas Syariah yang
berfungsi sebagai lembaga &lt;i&gt;Intermediary &lt;/i&gt;keuangan diharapkan dapat
menampilkan dirinya &lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;secara baik
dibandingkan sistem perbankan yang lain yakni perbankan yang berbasis &lt;i&gt;bunga.&lt;/i&gt;
Perbankan Syariah menjadi topik yang baru bagi perekonomian Indonesia yang tak
akan habisnya dibincangkan oleh pakar, pelaku bisnis dan praktisi, bahak
menarik untuk diseminarkan, lokakarya, penelitian ataupun diskusi-diskusi
selama kehidupan ini masih ada.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bank
Syariah didasarkan pada prinsip hukum Syariah. Sistem Bank Syariah menawarkan
fungsi dan jasa yang sama dengan sistem Bank Konvensional, meskipun diikat
prinsip-prinsip Islam. Dengan perkembangan keuangan Syariah, bank-bank sekarang
memperkenalkan berbagai jenis produk dan jasa tanpa riba untuk mengembangkan
lingkup dan penambahan konsumen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt center 198.4pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;1.2 Rumusan
masalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Apa itu Bank Syariah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bagaimana asal mula berdirinya Bank Syariah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;3.
&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Bagaimana sejarah Bank Syariah di
Indonesia?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bagaimana gambaran Perbankan Syariah di
Negara tetangga?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;1.3 Tujuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;1. Untuk mengetahui
sejarah Bank Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2. Untuk mengetahui sejarah
Bank Syariah di Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;3. Untuk mengetahui
gambaran Perbankan Syariah di Negara lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 129px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 122px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895818240;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;2.1 Pengertian Bank Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Bank Syariah
terdiri atas dua kata, yakni Bank dan Syariah. Kata Bank bermakna suatu lembaga
keuangan yang berfungsi sebagai perantara keuangan dari dua pihak, yaitu pihak
berkelebihan dana dan pihak yang kekurangan dana.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Kata Syariah dalam versi Bank Syariah di Indonesia adalah aturan perjanjian
berdasarkan yang dilakukan oleh pihak bank dan pihak lain untuk penyimpanan
dana dan/atau pembiayaan kegiatan usaha dan kegiatan lainnya sesuai hukum
Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Penggabungan
kedua kata dimaksud, menjadi “Bank Syariah”. Bank Syariah adalah suatu lembaga
keuangan yang berfungsi sebagai perantara bagi pihak yang berkelebihan dana
dengan pihak yang kekurangan dana untuk kegiatan usaha dan kegiatan lainnya
sesuai hukum Islam. Selain itu, Bank Syariah biasa disebut &lt;i&gt;Islamic Banking&lt;/i&gt;
atau &lt;i&gt;Interest Fee Banking &lt;/i&gt;yaitu suatu sistem perbankan dalam pelaksanaan
operasional tidak menggunakan sistem bunga (&lt;i&gt;riba&lt;/i&gt;), spekulasi (&lt;i&gt;maizir&lt;/i&gt;),
dan ketidakpastian atau ketidakjelasan (&lt;i&gt;gharar&lt;/i&gt;).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bank Syariah sebagai
sebuah lembaga keuangan mempunyai mekanisme dasar, yaitu menerima deposito dari
pemilik modal (deposito) dan mempunyai kewajiban (&lt;i&gt;liability&lt;/i&gt;) untuk
menawarkan pembiayaan kepada investor kepada sisi asetnya, dengan pola atau
skema pembiayaan yang sesuai dengan syariat Islam. Secara umum, pengertian Bank
Syariah adalah bank yang pengoperasiannya disesuaikan dengan prinsip syariat
Islam. Sedangkan menurut para pakar Islam seperti Karnaen Perwataatmadja dan
Muhammad Syafi’i Antonio mengemukakan; &lt;i&gt;Bank Syariah adalah Bank yang
beroperasi sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip Syariah Islam yakni bank yang dalam
beroperasinya mengikuti ketentuan-ketentuan syariat Islam khususnya yang
menyangkut tata cara bermuamalah secara Islam. Dalam tata cara bermuamalat itu
dijauhi praktek-praktek yang dikhawatirkan mengandung unsur-unsur riba untuk
diisi dengan kegiatan-kegiatan investasi atas dasar bagi hasil dalam pembiayaan
perdagangan”. &lt;/i&gt;Sedangkan menurut Warkum Sumitro&lt;i&gt;“Bank Islam adalah bank
yang tata cara beroperasinya mengacu kepada ketentuan-ketentuan Al-Qur’an dan
Al-Hadist yakni bank yang tata cara beroperasinya itu mengikuti suruhan dan
larangan yang tercantum dalam Al-Quran dan Al-Hadist. Sesuai dengan suruhan itu
maka yang dijauhi adalah praktik-praktik yang mengandung unsur riba, sedang
yang diikuti adalah praktek-praktek usaha yang dilakukan di zaman Rasulullah
atau bentuk-bentuk usaha yang telah ada sebelumnya tetapi tidak dilarang oleh
beliau.”&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari
beberapa pengertian Bank Syariah yang dikemukakan oleh para ahlinya, dapat
disimpulkan bahwa yang dimaksud dengan Bank Syariah adalah badan usaha yang
fungsinya sebagai penghimpun dana dari masyarakat dan penyalur dana dari
masyarakat yang sistem dan mekanisme kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan pada hukum
Islam atau prinsip Syariah sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Al-Qur’an dan
Al-Hadist.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;2.2 Asal Mula
Berdirinya Bank Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Istilah
perbankan Syariah merupakan fenomena baru dalam dunia ekonomi modern,
kemunculan seiring dengan upaya gencar yang dilakukan oleh para pakar Islam
dalam mendukung ekonomi islam yang diyakini akan mampu mengganti dan
memperbaiki sistem ekonomi konvensional yang berbasis pada bunga. Konsep
teoritis mengenai perbankan Syariah muncul pertama kali, menurut Sutan Remi
Sjahdeini bahwa pemikiran dari para penulis yang mula-mula menyampaikan gagasan
mengenai perbankan Syariah adalah Anwar Iqbal Quraishi, Naiem Siddiqi dan
Muhammad Ahmad.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 130px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 314px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895814144;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Hingga tahun 1963 dari sudut kelembagaan yang merupakan bank
Syariah pertama adalah &lt;i&gt;Myt-Ghamr Bank.&lt;/i&gt; Didirikan di Mesir, dengan
bantuan permodalan dari raja Faisal Arab Saudi dan merupakan binaan dari Abdul
Aziz Ahmad El Nagar. Myt-Ghamr. Berhasil memadukan manajemen perbankan Jerman
dengan prinsip muamalah islam dengan menerjemahkannya dalam produk-produk bank
yang sesuai untuk daerah pedesaan yang sebagian besar orientasinya adalah
industri pertanian. Namun karena persoalan politik, pada tahun 1967 Bank
Syariah Myt-Ghamr di tutup. Kemudian pada tahun 1971 di Mesir berhasil
didirikan kembali bank Syariah dengan nama &lt;i&gt;Nassir Social Bank, &lt;/i&gt;hanya
tujuannya lebih bersifat sosial dari pada komersil. Sedangkan bank Syariah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;pertama yang bersifat swasta adalah &lt;i&gt;Dubai
Islamic Bank, &lt;/i&gt;yang didirikan pada tahun 1975 oleh kelompok usahawan muslim
dari berbagai negara. Pada tahun 1977 berdiri dua Bank Syariah dengan nama &lt;i&gt;Faysal
Islamic bank &lt;/i&gt;di Mesir dan Sudan. Dan pada tahun itu pula Pemerintah Kuwait
mendirikan &lt;i&gt;Kuwait Finance House.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Secara
internasional perkembangan perbankan islam pertama kali di prakarsai oleh
Mesir. Karena Mesir telah mengilhami diadakannya konferensi ekonomi islam
pertama di Mekkah pada tahun 1975. Sebagai tindak lanjut rekomendasi dari
konferensi tersebut, dua tahun kemudian, lahirlah Islamic Development bank
(IDB) dan kemudian di ikuti oleh pendirian lembaga-lembaga keuangan islam di
berbagai negara, termasuk negara yang bukan anggota OKI, seperti philipina,
Inggris, Australia, Amerika serikat dan Rusia.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;2.3 Sejarah
Bank Syariah di Indonesia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sebagai
mana perkembangan pemikiran perbankan Syariah khususnya di negara–negara islam,
Indonesia turut terkena imbas dari tuntutan pemikiran cendikia-cendikia Musim
Indonesia. Indonesia sebagai negara mayoritas berpenduduk muslim terbesar di
dunia muncul pemikiran tentang perlunya menerapkan perbankan berbasis islam
yang muncul pada tahun 1974. Munculnya gagasan pemikiran berbasis islam dalam
sebuah seminar hubungan Indonesia – timur tengah yang di selenggarakan oleh
lembaga studi ilmu-ilmu kemasyarakatan (LSIK). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pada
awalnya memang sempat terjadi perdebatan yang melelahkan mengenai hukum bunga
bank dan hukum zakat vs pajak di kalangan ulama’ dan cendekiawan dan
intelektual muslim. Adanya perbedaan di kalangan umat Islam tidak menyurutkan
munculnya perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, rintisan praktek perbankan Syariah di
Indonesia di mulai ada awal periode 1980-an melalui diskusi-diskusi bertemakan
bank islam sebagai pilar ekonomi islam. Sebagai uji&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;coba, gagasan perbankan Syariah di praktekkan
dalam sekala yang relatif terbatas di antaranya di Bandung ( &lt;i&gt;bait At-tamwil
Salman &lt;/i&gt;ITB ) dan di Jakarta ( koperasi Rido gusti ).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 129px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 66px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895812096;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Prakarsa lebih khusus
mengenai pendirian bank Syariah di Indonesia baru di lakukan tahun 1990. Pada tanggal
18-20 Agustus tahun terbut majelis ulama’ Indonesia (MUI) menyelenggarakan loka
karya bunga bank dan perbankan di Cisarua, Bogor, Jawa barat. Sebagai hasil
kerja tim perbankan MUI tersebut adalah berdirinya PT Muamalat Indonesia (BMI),
yang sesuai akta pendiriannya berdiri pada tanggal 1 November 1991. Sejak tanggal
1 Mei 1992, BMI resmi beroperasi dengan modal awal sebesar RP 106.126.382.000.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn4&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
sampai bulan September 1999 BMI telah memiliki dari 45 outlet di seluruh
wilayah Indonesia. Setelah berdirinya bank Muamalat (BMI) yang diikuti
berdirinya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;BPRS-BPRS lainnya dan
terbuktinya perbankan Syariah tidak terkena imbas dari krisis moneter pada
tahun 1998, maka akhirnya diikuti oleh berdirinya perbankan-perbankan umum
membangun perbankan berbasis islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;2.3 Gambaran
Perbankan Syariah di Negara tetangga&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tidak hanya di Indonesia, Perbankan
Syariah di Negara tetangga sudah lebih awal berkibar, diantaranya:&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn5&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;1. Pakistan,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;Pakistan merupakan pelopor di bidang perbankan
Syariah. Pada awal Juli 1979, sistem bunga dihapuskan dari operasional tiga
institusi: National Investment (Unit Trust), House Building Finance Corporation
(pembiayaan sektor perumahan), Mutual Fund of the Investment Corporation of
Pakistan (kerja sama investasi). Pada 1970-80, pemerintah mensosialisasikan
skema pinjaman tanpa bunga kepada petani dan nelayan. Pada tahun 1981, seiring
dengan diberlakukannya Undang-Undang Perusahaan Mudharabah dan Murabahah,
mulailah beroperasi tujuh ribu cabang bank komersial nasional di seluruh
Pakistan dengan menggunakan sistem perbankan Pakistan dikonversi dengan sistem
yang baru, yaitu sistem perbankan Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 129px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 232px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895810048;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;2. Malaysia, Bank Islam Malaysia Berhad (BIMB) merupakan bank Syariah
pertama di Asia tenggara. Bank ini didirikan pada tahun 1983, dengan 30% modal
merupakan milik pemerintah federal. Hingga akhir 1999, BIMB telah memiliki
lebih dari tujuh puluh cabang yang tersebar hampir di setiap Negara bagian dan
kota-kota Malaysia, BIMB telah tercatat sebagai listed-public company dan
mayoritas sahamnya dikuasai oleh Lembaga Urusan dan Tabungan Haji. Pada tahun
1999, di samping BIMB telah hadir satu bank Syariah baru dengan nama Bank
Putera Muamalah. Bank ini merupakan anak perusahaan dari Bank Bumi Putera yang
baru saja melakukan merger dengan Bank of Commerce. Di negeri jiran ini, di
samping full pledge Islamic banking, pemerintah Malaysia memperkenankan juga
system Islamic window yang memberikan layanan Syariah pada bank konvensional.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;3. Iran, Ide
pengembangan perbankan Syariah di Iran sesungguhnya bermula sesaat sejak
revolusi Islam di Iran yang dipimpin Ayatullah Khomeini pada tahun 1979,
sedangkan perkembangan dalam arti riil baru dimulai sejak Januari tahun 1984.
Berdasarkan ketentuan undang-undang yang disetujui pemerintah pada bulan
Agustus 1983. Sebelum undang-undang tersebut dikeluarkan sebenarnya telah
terjadi transaksi sebesar lebih dari 100 miliar rial yang diadministrasikan
sesuai dengan sistem Syariah. Islamisasi sistem perbankan di Iran ditandai
dengan nasionalisasi seluruh industri perbankan yang dikelompokkan menjadi dua
kelompok besar, yaitu : (1) perbankan komersial, (2) lembaga pembiayaan khusus.
Dengan demikian, sejak dikeluarkannya Undang-Undang Perbankan Islam (1983),
seluruh sistem perbankan di Iran otomatis berjalan sesuai Syariah di bawah
kontrol penuh pemerintah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;PENUTUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;3.1 Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari
pembahasan tersebut maka dapat kita simpulkan bahwa Bank Syariah adalah adalah
badan usaha yang fungsinya sebagai penghimpun dana dari masyarakat dan penyalur
dana dari masyarakat yang sistem dan mekanisme kegiatan usahanya berdasarkan
pada hukum Islam atau prinsip Syariah sebagaimana yang diatur dalam Al-Qur’an
dan Al-Hadist.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Bank
Syariah pertama kali didirikan di Mesir pada tahun 1963 dengan nama &lt;i&gt;Myt-Ghamr
Bank&lt;/i&gt;. Sedangkan di Indonesia Prakarsa lebih khusus mengenai pendirian bank
Syariah di Indonesia baru di lakukan tahun 1990. Pada tanggal 18-20 Agustus
tahun terbut majelis ulama’ Indonesia (MUI) menyelenggarakan loka karya bunga
bank dan perbankan di Cisarua, Bogor, Jawa barat. Sebagai hasil kerja tim
perbankan MUI tersebut adalah berdirinya PT Muamalat Indonesia (BMI), yang
sesuai akta pendiriannya berdiri pada tanggal 1 November 1991. Sejak tanggal 1
Mei 1992, BMI resmi beroperasi dengan modal awal sebesar RP 106.126.382.000.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;3.2 Saran&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari
pembahasan ini penyusun berharap agar kita dapat memahami sejarah perbankan
Syariah baik di dunia maupun di Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 129px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 315px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895805952;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Ali, Zainuddin. 2010. &lt;i&gt;Hukum Perbankan Syariah.&lt;/i&gt; Jakarta:
Sinar Grafika.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rivai, Veitzhal dan Ariviyan Arivin. 2010. &lt;i&gt;Islamic Banking&lt;/i&gt;.
Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Usman, Rachmadi. 2012. &lt;i&gt;Aspek Hukum Perbankan Syariah di
Indonesia.&lt;/i&gt; Jakarta: Sinar Grafika.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;height: 130px; left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 754px; mso-ignore: vglayout; position: absolute; width: 46px; z-index: -1895803904;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Bidadari Kecil. 2013. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sejarah
dan Perkembangan Perbankan Islam. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Online), (http://riabudiati.blogspot.com/2013/06/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-perbankan-islam.html.
Diakses 10 Maret 2014).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote-list;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Zainuddin Ali, &lt;i&gt;Hukum Perbankan Syariah, &lt;/i&gt;Jakarta, Sinar
Grafika, hlm.1.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Rachmadi Usman, &lt;i&gt;Aspek Hukum Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia, &lt;/i&gt;Jakarta,
Sinar Grafika, hlm. 33.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Veitzhal Rivai dan Arviyan Arivin, &lt;i&gt;Islamic Banking, &lt;/i&gt;Jakarta,
Bumi Aksara, hlm. 71.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref4&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Veitzhal Rivai dan Arviyan Arivin, &lt;i&gt;Islamic Banking, &lt;/i&gt;Jakarta:
Bumi Aksara, hlm. 72.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn5&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref5&quot; name=&quot;_ftn5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Bidadari Kecil&lt;i&gt;, ”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sejarah dan
Perkembangan Perbankan Islam”, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Diakses dari http://riabudiati.blogspot.com/2013/06/sejarah-dan-perkembangan-perbankan-islam.html,
pada tanggal 10 Maret 2015 pukul 13:34 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/5200351801223709532/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/5200351801223709532?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/5200351801223709532'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/5200351801223709532'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/04/sejarah-perbankan-syariah-di-indonesia.html' title='Sejarah Perbankan Syariah di Indonesia dan Negara Tetangga'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjwnN_J6r146buEMpyHuLPjx1U43EtbeYAEHmBZGdD_j6lWSTGv9JfRkEBZ0lrI7Xgou2r6DpPluNq5KXMqmHjh2wCBYfcOHLKwkBI82RAv6gMEe8-WPJWLskzhRQKUsU4C-2SlwLoDa04/s72-c/Picture1.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-1858489150376281783</id><published>2015-03-16T17:15:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2015-04-06T14:18:45.913+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Asuransi Syariah</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;MAKALAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Asuransi
Syari’ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Disusun untuk tugas Lembaga Keuangan
Syari’ah (LKS)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dosen Pengampuh: &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Imamul Hakim, SE, M.Sh&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBGVQSfbDnEuZMzZPal5fiLRmzIEWL5UEvSCH8xyWMZJvrJYPF4cWDNjuDfG009BJ5x05v5MzICV5aVXcyN0YUHzeCYOVNSJQzhNake6vE0bJQMBA6R0T0VUxclYQ3pc80O6oFZ1wD1Zc/s1600/ekos.png&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBGVQSfbDnEuZMzZPal5fiLRmzIEWL5UEvSCH8xyWMZJvrJYPF4cWDNjuDfG009BJ5x05v5MzICV5aVXcyN0YUHzeCYOVNSJQzhNake6vE0bJQMBA6R0T0VUxclYQ3pc80O6oFZ1wD1Zc/s1600/ekos.png&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; width=&quot;198&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Oleh:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;Tk.
Umar Johan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/u&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;NIM: 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;PROGRAM STUDI EKONOMI SYARIAH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;FAKULTAS AGAMA ISLAM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;UNIVERSITAS MUHAMMADIYAH MALANG&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-size: 12.0pt;&quot;&gt;2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;


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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;KATA
PENGANTAR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Segala
puji bagi Allah Swt. yang telah memberikan banyak kemudahan dalam penyusunan
makalah ini. Shalawat serta salam semoga senantiasa tercurahkan kepada baginda
Rasulullah SAW, keluarga dan para sahabatnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Makalah
ini merupakan salah satu tugas yang diamanahkan oleh Dosen &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Lembaga Keuangan Syariah (LKS)&lt;/b&gt; Program Studi Ekonomi Syariah
Fakultas Agama Islam Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, yaitu bapak &lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;Imamul Hakim, SE, M.Sh&lt;/b&gt;. Dengan segala keterbatasan,
penyusun telah berusaha secara maksimal dalam mempersiapkan makalah ini sebaik
mungkin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di
tengah-tengah penatnya punggung dan beratnya kelopak mata menahan kantuk,
sungguh penyusun telah memperoleh banyak tambahan pengetahuan, terutama yang
berkaitan dengan Asuransi Syari’ah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Akhirnya
berkat rasa mobilitas dan kerja sama dengan teman-teman, makalah yang sederhana
ini dapat terselesaikan. Sungguh sebuah tugas yang tidak ringan, namun sangat
mengasyikkan. Penyusun sadar makalah ini belum sepenuhnya sempurna, maka dari
itu penyusun meminta kritikan serta masukan yang membangun demi kesempurnaan
yang akan datang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Malang, 12 Mare 2015&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 12;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; Tk. Umar Johan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;BAB
I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.1 Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Tidak
bisa dimungkiri lagi, bahwa seorang hamba yang hidup di Dunia haruslah
berhati-hati dalam menyikapi kesehariannya. Apapun yang telah kita lakukan saat
sekarang,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;imbasnya akan menentukan di
kemudian hari kelak. Sebagaimana firman Allah Swt. dalam surat QS. al-Hasyr
[59]: 18:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;
 
 
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
  
 
 
 

 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya:
“Hai orang yang beriman! Bertaqwalah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap diri
memperhatikan apa yang telah dibuat untuk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;hari&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;esok&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(masa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;depan).&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;bertaqwalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;kepada Allah.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sesungguhnya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Allah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Maha&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Mengetahui &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;apa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;yang kamu kerjakan.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Selaras dengan firman Allah Swt. tersebut
mengingatkan kita dalam upaya bermuamalah, yakni dalam menyongsong masa depan
dan upaya mengantisipasi kemungkinan terjadinya risiko dalam kehidupan ekonomi
yang akan dihadapi, perlu dipersiapkan sejumlah dana tertentu sejak dini. Dengan
hal demikian, perlu kiranya penyusun mengupas suatu pembahasan mengenai topik tersebut,
yang mana nantinya dari pembahasan tersebut dapat memberikan suatu wawasan dan
cakrawala yang luas bagi kita semua, khususnya mengenai Asuransi Syariah di
Negara ini yang kian “menjamur”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 
  
  &lt;/div&gt;
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    &lt;td&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
    &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut data
Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK), aset keuangan Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia pada
tahun 2014 mengalami &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;kenaikan yang
signifikan.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Walaupun aset Asuransi Syariah belum sebanyak Asuransi Umum, namun Ketua Umum
Asosiasi Asuransi Syariah Indonesia (AASI) – Adi Pramana merasa optimistis,
bahwa tahun 2015 bisnis Asuransi Syariah akan tumbuh 30%. Hal ini dikarenakan
adanya regulasi serta telah terbentuknya UU tentang Asuransi Syariah yang baru
di gagas pemerintah tahun 2014 silam.&lt;/span&gt;

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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Memang secara eksplisit dalam Al-qur’an
belum ada dalil yang tegas mengenai Asuransi Syariah. Karena merupakan hal yang
krusial, maka sudah menjadi tanggung jawab umat islam untuk menemukan dasar
hukumnya, khususnya para ulama dan pakar ekonomi islam. Untuk lebih lanjutnya
akan kita uraikan di pembahasan nanti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.2 Rumusan
Masalah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;1. Apa itu Asuransi Syari’ah? &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2. Bagaimana Sejarah Asuransi?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;3. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Apa
Landasan Hukum Asuransi Syari’ah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;4. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Prinsip-Prinsip Apa Saja yang Terkandung dalam
Asuransi Syari’ah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;5. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Apa-apa
Saja Jenis Asuransi?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 1.0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;6. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Bagaimana Pandangan Ulama dan Pakar Ekonomi
Islam Mengenai Asuransi Syariah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 42.6pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -28.4pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;7. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Bagaimana Perbedaan Asuransi Syariah dengan
Asuransi Konvensional?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;8. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Apa
Peluang dan Tantangan Asuransi Syari’ah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1.3 Tujuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt 66.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dari topik ini, diharapkan kita dapat
memahami lebih mendetail mengenai Asuransi Syari’ah. Selanjutnya, kita diharapkan
dapat memberikan suatu gagasan yang dapat memperkokoh tubuh Asuransi Syari’ah saat
sekarang dan yang akan datang. Karena hal tersebut sudah menjadi tugas kita di tengah
ketidakadilan sistem Ekonomi Negara ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
  
   
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&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
    &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; style=&quot;mso-special-character: line-break; page-break-before: always;&quot; /&gt;
&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.1 Pengertian Asuransi Syari’ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam konsep Asuransi Syari’ah , Asuransi
disebut dengan &lt;i&gt;takaful, ta’min, dan Islamic Insurance.&lt;/i&gt; &lt;i&gt;Takaful&lt;/i&gt;
mempunyai arti saling menanggung antar umat manusia sebagai makhluk sosial. &lt;i&gt;Ta’min
&lt;/i&gt;berasal dari kata &lt;i&gt;“amanah” &lt;/i&gt;yang berarti memberikan perlindungan,
ketenangan, rasa aman, serta bebas dari rasa takut. Adapun &lt;i&gt;Islamic Insurance&lt;/i&gt;
mengandung makna &lt;i&gt;“Pertanggungan” &lt;/i&gt;atau&lt;i&gt; “Saling Menanggung.”&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut Fatwa DSN MUI (2014: 500), Asuransi
Syaria’h (&lt;i&gt;Tami’n&lt;/i&gt;, &lt;i&gt;takaful&lt;/i&gt; atau &lt;i&gt;tadhamun&lt;/i&gt;) adalah usaha
saling melindungi dan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;tolong-menolong&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;di&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;antara&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;sejumlah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;orang/pihak&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;melalui&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;investasi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dalam bentuk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;aset&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;dan/atau&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;tabarru’ &lt;/i&gt;yang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;memberikan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;pola&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;pengembalian&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;untuk menghadapi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;risiko&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;tertentu&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;melalui&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;akad&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;(perikatan) yang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;sesuai&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dengan Syari’ah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sedangkan menurut UU Nomor 40 Tahun 2014
BAB 1 Pasal 1 Poin 2, Asuransi Syari’ah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;adalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kumpulan perjanjian,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;yang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;terdiri atas&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;perjanjian &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;antara&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;perusahaan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;asuransi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Syari’ah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;dan pemegang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;polis&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dan perjanjian&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;di antara para pemegang polis, dalam&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;rangka&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;pengelolaan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kontribusi&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;berdasarkan prinsip&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Syari’ah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;guna&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;saling menolong dan
melindungi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.2 Sejarah
Asuransi Syari’ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Secara historis, kajian tentang “pertanggungan” telah dikenal sejak zaman
dahulu dan telah dipraktekkan di tengah-tengah masyarakat, walaupun dalam
bentuk yang sangat sederhana.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; Ini
dikarenakan nilai dasar penopang dari konsep “Pertanggungan” yang terwujud
dalam bentuk tolong menolong sudah ada bersama dengan adanya manusia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 
  
  &lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Konsep Asuransi sebenarnya sudah dikenal sejak zaman sebelum
Masehi yang mana manusia pada saat itu telah menyelamatkan jiwanya dari
berbagai ancaman, antara lain kekurangan bahan makanan. Salah satu mengenai
kekurangan bahan makanan terjadi pada zaman Mesir Kuno semasa Raja Fir’aun
berkuasa.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn4&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Sedangkan dalam literatur Islam dikenal konsep &lt;i&gt;aqilah&lt;/i&gt; yang mana konsep
tersebut diakui dalam literatur hukum islam. Jika salah satu anggota suku Arab
pra-Islam melakukan pembunuhan, maka dia (si pembunuh) di kenakan &lt;i&gt;diyat&lt;/i&gt;
dalam bentuk &lt;i&gt;blood money &lt;/i&gt;(uang darah) yang dapat ditanggung oleh anggota
suku lain (Muhd. Ma’sum Billah dalam Hasan Ali, 2005: 67).&lt;/span&gt;

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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.3 Landasan
Hukum Asuransi Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.3.1 Al-qur’an, Surat Al-Maidah [5]: 2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;right&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: right;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;
 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya: “...Hai orang
yang beriman! Bertaqwalah kepada Allah dan hendaklah setiap diri memperhatikan
apa yang telah dibuat untuk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;hari&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;esok&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;(masa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;depan).&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;bertaqwalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;kepada Allah.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sesungguhnya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Allah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Maha&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Mengetahui&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;apa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;yang kamu kerjakan.” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
 
 
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic;&quot;&gt;.3.2 Hadis Rasulullah Saw&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt; Artinya: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;“Barang
siapa melepaskan dari seorang muslim suatu kesulitan di&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dunia,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Allah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;akan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;melepaskan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;kesulitan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;darinya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;pada&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;hari kiamat;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Allah senantiasa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;menolong&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;hamba-Nya selama&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ia (suka)&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;menolong&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;saudaranya”&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;(HR.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Muslim&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;dari&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Abu Hurairah).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.3.3 Undang-Undang&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Republik&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;Indonesia Nomor&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;40&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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  &lt;/div&gt;
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    &lt;td&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
    &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Akhir
tahun 2014 lalu regulasi dari pemerintah menetapkan payung hukum terhadap
Asuransi Umum maupun Asuransi Syariah secara eksplisit. Hal ini merupakan
sebuah kabar gembira buat penggiat bisnis perasuransian, khususnya Asuransi
Syariah.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn5&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref5&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn5;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.3.4 Fatwa Dewan Syariah Nomor
21/DSN-MUI/X/2001 tentang Pedoman Umum Asuransi Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Bahwa&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dalam&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;upaya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;mengantisipasi kemungkinan&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;terjadinya&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;risiko&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;ekonomi yang akan
dihadapi, perlu dipersiapkan sejumlah dana tertentu sejak dini.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn6&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.3.5 Keputusan Menteri Keuangan RI Nomor
426/KMK.06/2003 tentang Perizinan Usaha dan Kelembagaan Perusahaan Asuransi dan
Reasuransi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam peraturan ini
disebutkan bahwa setiap pihak dapat melakukan usaha atau usaha reasuransi yang
berdasarkan prinsip Syariah (lihat pasal 3 dan 4).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Ketentuan yang berkaitan dengan Asuransi Syariah
tercantum dalam pasal 15-18 mengenai kekayaan yang diperkenankan harus memiliki
dan dikuasai oleh perusahaan dengan prinsip Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.3.6 Keputusan Direktur Jenderal Lembaga
Keuangan Nomor Kep. 1499/LK/2000 tentang Jenis, Penilaian dan Pembatasan,
Investasi, Perusahaan Asuransi dan Reasuransi dengan Sistem Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Berdasarkan
peraturan ini, jenis investasi bagi perusahaan asuransi dan perusahaan
reasuransi dengan prinsip Syariah terdiri hal-hal sebagai berikut; (1) Deposito
dan sertifikat deposito Syari’ah, (2) Sertifikat Wadi’ah Bank Indonesia, (3)
Saham Syariah yang tercatat di bursa efek, (4) Obligasi Syariah yang tercatat
di bursa efek, (5) Surat Berharga Syariah yang diterbitkan atau dijamin oleh
pemerintah. (6) Unit penyertaan Reksadana Syari’ah, (7) Penyertaan Langsung
Syariah, (8) Bangunan atau tanah dengan bangunan untuk investasi, (9)
Pembiayaan kepemilikan tanah dan/atau bangunan, Kendaraan bermotor, dan barang
modal dengan skema &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;murabahah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; (jual beli dengan pembayaran ditangguhkan),
(10) Pembayaran modal kerja dengan skema &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Mudharabah &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(bagi hasil), (11) Pinjaman
polis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.4 Prinsip-prinsip yang Terkandung dalam Asuransi Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sebuah bangunan hukum akan
tegak secara kokoh, jika dan hanya jika dibangun atas fondasi dan dasar yang
kuat. Begitu juga dengan Asuransi Syari’ah, harus dibangun di atas fondasi dan
prinsip dasar yang kuat serta kokoh. Prinsip dasar yang ada dalam Asuransi
Syariah tidaklah jauh berbedah dengan prinsip dasar yang berlaku pada konsep
ekonomis islami secara komprehensif dan bersifat &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Major.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn7&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ini, prinsip
dasar Asuransi Syariah ada sepuluh macam, yaitu; Tauhid, Keadilan,
Tolong-menolong, Kerja sama, amanah, kerelaan, kebenaran, larangan riba,
larangan judi, dan larangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;gharar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; (Hasan Ali, 2005: 1250).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.5 Jenis-jenis Asuransi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Perlu diketahui mekanisme
perasuransian tiap-tiap negara, pola dan sistemnya bermacam-macam, hal ini
terjadi karena bermacam-macam pula sesuatu yang diasuransikannya.&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn8&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
Untuk lebih jelasnya, Fachruddin dan Suhendi dalam Ismail Nawawi (2012:
302-3030) menyebutkan macam-macam jenis Asuransi Syariah berikut ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; 2.5.1 Asuransi Timbal Balik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Maksud dengan Asuransi timbal balik adalah beberapa orang memberikan
iuran tertentu yang dikumpulkan dengan maksud meringankan atau melepaskan beban
seseorang dari mereka saat mendapat kecelakaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.5.2 Asuransi Dagang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Asuransi dagang adalah beberapa manusia yang senasib bermufakat
dalam mengadakan pertanggungjawaban bersama untuk memikul kerugian yang menimpa
salah seorang anggota mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.5.3 Asuransi Pemerintah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Asuransi pemerintah adalah menjamin
pembayaran harga kerugian kepada siapa saja yang menderita di waktu terjadinya
suatu kejadian yang merugikan tanpa mempertimbangkan keuntungannya, bahkan
pemerintah menanggung kekurangan yang ada karena uang yang dipungut sebagai
iuran dan asuransi lebih kecil dari pada harga pembayaran kerugian yang harus
diberikan kepada penderita&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;di waktu
kerugian itu terjadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.5.4 Asuransi Jiwa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Maksud asuransi jiwa adalah
asuransi atas jiwa orang-orang yang menanggung atas jiwa orang lain, penanggung
(&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;asurador&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;) berjanji akan membayar sejumlah uang kepada orang yang disebutkan
namanya dalam polis apabila yang menanggung (yang ditanggung) meninggal dunia
atau sesudah masa-masa tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.5.5 Asuransi atas Bahaya yang Menimpa Badan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Asuransi atas bahaya yang menimpa badan adalah asuransi
dengan keadaan-keadaan tertentu pada asuransi jiwa atas kerusakan diri
seseorang, seperti asuransi mata, asuransi telinga, asuransi tangan, atau
asuransi tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.5.6 Asuransi terhadap Bahaya Pertanggungjawaban Sipil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Maksud asuransi terhadap bahaya-bahaya pertanggung
jawaban sipil adalah asuransi yang diadakan terhadap benda-benda, seperti
asuransi rumah, perusahaan, mobil, pesawat, kapal laut, motor, dan yang
lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sedangkan di
Indonesia, seiring dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi Syariah dari tahun ke tahun
semakin berkembang, puluhan perusahaan Asuransi Syariah telah berdiri dengan produk
beraneka macam. Sehingga tidak heran dari segi nama setiap produk antar
perusahaan berbeda-beda, tentunya tidak mengurangi Konsep dan Nilai-Nilai
Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Di bawah ini merupakan
produk produk salah satu perusahaan Asuransi Syariah di Indonesia (Takaful
Indonesia);&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn9&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Asuransi Jiwa Murni
(Al-Akhirat), Takaful Al-Khairat adalah suatu bentuk perlindungan yang manfaat
proteksinya diperuntukkan bagi ahli waris apabila pemegang polis ditakdirkan
meninggal dalam masa perjanjian.&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.&amp;nbsp; Takafulink
Salam Cendikia (Asuransi Pendidikan), adalah program asuransi pendidikan untuk
perseorangan yang bertujuan untuk menyediakan dana pendidikan untuk putra-putri
tercinta sampai pendidikan tingkat sarjana (PT tahun ke-5) dengan manfaat
proteksi atas risiko meninggal, cacat tetap total &amp;amp; menderita sakit kritis
serta&amp;nbsp; fasilitas top up (penambahan dan di tengah jalan).&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Takafulink Salam
(Proteksi-Investasi-Pembebasan Premi), Takafulink SALAM adalah produk investasi
dan proteksi modern bagi Anda yang menginginkan hasil investasi optimal dengan
4&amp;nbsp; jenis investasi campuran melalui sistem pengelolaan syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 32.25pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -18.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Takafulink Salam Comunity,
Takafulink Salam COMMUNITY (Komunitas) pada dasarnya sama dengan Takafulink
Salam biasa namun dengan kontribusi (premi) lebih murah yakni mulai Rp
150.000.Karena dirancang khusus untuk jumlah peserta minimal 10 orang, produk
ini sangat cocok untuk perusahaan, lembaga, organisasi (berbadan hukum atau
tidak) maupun komunitas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.6 Pandangan Pakar Ekonomi Islam mengenai Asuransi Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Para ahli hukum islam dalam
menyikapi asuransi Syariah memiliki pandangan yang berbeda-beda, baik asuransi
Jiwa maupun Asuransi Kerugian. Perbedaan pendapat ini dapat dimaklumi karena
ranah asuransi termasuk bidang ijtihad.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Warkom Sumitro dalam Abdul
Manan (2012: 252-256),&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn10&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;mengemukakan
bahwa pada garis besarnya ada empat macam pandangan para pakar hukum Islam
terhadap asuransi sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.6.1 Asuransi haram hukumnya dalam segala bentuk dan cara operasionalnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Pandangan
ini didukung oleh beberapa pakar ekonomi Islam, antara lain Yusuf al-Qardawi,
Sayyid Sabiq, Abdullah al-Qalili, dan Muhammad Bakhit al-Muth’i. Menurut
pandangan kelompok ini, asuransi diharamkan karena beberapa alasan, yakni: dalam
asuransi mengandung perjudian, ketidakpastian, riba, eksploitasi, tukar menukar
mata uang tidak secara tunai &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(abad Sharif)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;, dan Asuransi dijadikan
objek bisnis yang menggantungkan hidup dan matinya seseorang, yang berarti
mendahului takdir Tuhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
 
  
  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt;
   &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;
    &lt;td&gt;
    &lt;div&gt;
    &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.6.2 Asuransi hukumnya halal atau
diperbolehkan dalam Syariat Islam.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pandangan ini di kemukakan
oleh Abdul Wahab Khallaf, Muhammad Yusuf Musa, Abdurrahman Isa, Mustafa Ahmad Zarqa,
dan Muhammad Nejatullah Siddiqie. Adapun alasan kelompok ini sebagai berikut;
(1) Tidak ada ketetapan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Nash&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; baik dalam Al-qur’an dan Al-Hadis yang melarang
praktek perasuransian, (2) Terdapat kesepakatan kerelaan dari keuntungan bagi
kedua belah pihak, baik penanggung maupun tertanggung, (3) Kemaslahatan dari
asuransi lebih besar dari pada mudaratnya, saling menguntungkan kedua belah
pihak, (4) Asuransi dapat berguna berguna bagi kepentingan umum, sebab premi
yang dikumpulkan dapat diinvestasikan untuk proyek-proyek yang produktif dan
pembangunan, (5) Asuransi dikelola berdasarkan akad &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;mudharabah (bagi hasil), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(6) Asuransi termasuk
kategori koperasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(syirkah taawuniyah), &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;dan (7) Asuransi
dianalogikan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(di-qiyaskan)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; dengan dana pensiun atau
dana Taspen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.6.3 Asuransi hukumnya boleh apabila asuransi bersifat sosial,
sedangkan asuransi yang bersifat komersial haram hukumnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pendapat ini di kemukakan/
didukung oleh Muhammad Abu Zahrah, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Guru Besar Hukum Islam Universitas Al Azhar Cairo,
Mesir).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Alasan bahwa asuransi yang bersifat sosial diperbolehkan karena jenis
asuransi sosial tidak mengandung unsur-unsur yang dilarang dalam syariat Islam.
Adapun asuransi yang bersifat komersial tidak diperbolehkan karena pada
asuransi tersebut mengandung hal-hal yang tidak dibenarkan oleh Syariat Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.6.4 Asuransi hukumnya subhat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Kelompok ini memberi alasan bahwa asuransi yang
berkembang saat ini hampir di seluruh dunia tidak ada dalil &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;syar’i
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;yang mengharamkan atau menghalalkannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dengan berbagai macam alasan di atas, asuransi dianggap
lebih banyak membawa manfaat bagi pesertanya dan perusahaan asuransi secara bersamaan.
Praktek atau tindakan yang dapat mendatangkan kemaslahatan orang banyak
dibenarkan oleh agama (Fachruddin dalam Ismail Nawawi, 2012: 304).&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn11&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref11&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn11;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;

&lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.7 Perbedaan antara Asuransi Syari’ah dengan Asuransi Konvensional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;
   &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Berbicara
mengenai perbedaan Asuransi Syari’ah dengan Asuransi Konvensional, sejatinya
secara produk tidak jauh bedah dengan Asuransi Konvensional, di mana kedua
lembaga tersebut sama-sama sebagai penanggung risiko yang bisa terjadi
sewaktu-waktu. Namun secara konsep dan nilai-nilai Islamilah yang mendasari
perbedaan dua jenis asuransi tersebut. Untuk lebih lanjutnya lihat tabel di
bawah ini:&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn12&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref12&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn12;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;

&lt;table border=&quot;1&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;MsoTableGrid&quot; style=&quot;border-collapse: collapse; border: none; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-padding-alt: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; mso-yfti-tbllook: 1184;&quot;&gt;
 &lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 1.0pt; mso-yfti-firstrow: yes; mso-yfti-irow: 0;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;No.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Subjek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-left: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 1.0pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Konvensional&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 1;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;1&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Risiko&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sharing of Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Transfer of Risk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 2;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kontrak&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Akad Tabarru’, Tijarah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Jual Beli&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 3;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tujuan Bisnis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Investment dan Donasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Komersial Seluruhnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 4;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Operasional Bisnis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Bebas MAGRIB (Maysir, Gharar, dan Riba)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tidak Menganut Hukum Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 5;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Aturan Investasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Sesuai prinsip Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tidak tunduk pada aturan Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 6;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;6&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pembayaran Kontribusi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Peserta memberikan kontribusi untuk Ta’awunni&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Penanggung membayar premi untuk polis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 7;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;7&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Kepemilikan dana&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dana terpisah antara dana peserta dan perusahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Premi yang dibayar adalah milik perusahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 8;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;8&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Keuntungan Underwriting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Surplus Underwriting milik peserta sesuai dengan kesepakatan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Milik perusahaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 9;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;9&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Pengawasan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;OJK dan DPS&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;OJK&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr style=&quot;height: 2.85pt; mso-yfti-irow: 10; mso-yfti-lastrow: yes;&quot;&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-top: none; border: solid windowtext 1.0pt; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 28.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;38&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;10&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 141.35pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;188&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Manfaat pada produk Asuransi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 120.5pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;161&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Peserta memiliki peluang untuk mendapatkan surplus Underwriting&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
  &lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left: none; border-right: solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top: none; height: 2.85pt; mso-border-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-left-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; mso-border-top-alt: solid windowtext .5pt; padding: 0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; width: 106.0pt;&quot; valign=&quot;top&quot; width=&quot;141&quot;&gt;
  &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada surplus Underwriting yang dibayarkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/td&gt;
 &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.7
Peluang dan Tantangan Asuransi Syari’ah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;2.7.1 Peluang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dalam perkembangannya Asuransi Syariah belakangan ini
mengalami pasang surut. Adapun peluang Asuransi Syariah yang dapat kita ketahui
berikut ini;&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn13&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref13&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn13;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;
(1) Perlu strategi pemasaran yang lebih berfokus kepada upaya untuk memahami
pemahaman masyarakat tentang Asuransi Syari’ah, (2) Sebagai lembaga keuangan
yang menggunakan sistem Syariah tentunya aspek syiar merupakan bagian dari
operasi asuransi tersebut, (3) Dukungan dari berbagai pihak, terutama
pemerintah, ulama, akademisi, dan masyarakat diperlukan untuk memberikan
masukan dalam penyelenggaraan operasional Asuransi Syari’ah, (4) Perlunya upaya
sosialisasi yang lebih baik dan serius kepada masyarakat, sehingga mereka
benar-benar mengenal apa itu Asuransi Syari’ah, (5) Meningkatkan produk-produk
Asuransi Syari’ah sehingga lebih beragam dan sesuai dengan kebutuhan
masyarakat, dan (6) Perlu meningkatkan profesionalisme Sumber Daya Manusia
(SDM) dalam bidang Asuransi Syari’ah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;2.7.2 Tantangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dengan adanya peluang pasti ada
tantangan, di antaranya;&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn14&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref14&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn14;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;(1)
Rendahnya tingkat pemahaman masyarakat terhadap keberadaan Asuransi Syari’ah
yang relatif baru dibanding dengan Asuransi Konvensional yang telah lama
dikenal oleh masyarakat, baik nama dan operasinya, (2) Asuransi bukanlah bank
yang banyak berpeluang untuk bisa berhubungan dengan masyarakat dalam hal
pendanaan atau pembiayaan, (3) Asuransi Syariah, sebagaimana bank dan Lembaga Keuangan
Syari’ah lain, masih dalam proses mandar bentuk, (4) Rendahnya profesionalisme
sumber daya manusia (SDM) menghambat lajunya pertumbuhan Asuransi Syari’ah, (5)
Masih sedikitnya minat masyarakat, pakar ekonomi khususnya untuk mengkaji masalah-masalah
yang berhubungan dengan Asuransi Syari’ah dibandingkan dengan kajian Bank
Syari’ah, (6) Kurangnya sosialisasi kepada masyarakat tentang keberadaan
Asuransi Syari’ah, sehingga kurangnya perhatian masyarakat tentang arti
pentingnya keberadaan Asuransi Syariah, dan (7) Masih terbatasnya produk-produk
yang ditawarkan oleh Asuransi Syariah.&lt;/span&gt;

&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot;&gt;
  
   
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&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; style=&quot;width: 100%px;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;
     &lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;br clear=&quot;ALL&quot; style=&quot;mso-ignore: vglayout;&quot; /&gt;

&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;PENUTUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 14.2pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;3.1 Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dari uraian makalah
tersebut dapat kita simpulkan, bahwa &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dalam upaya
bermuamalah, yakni untuk menyongsong masa depan dan upaya mengantisipasi
kemungkinan terjadinya risiko dalam kehidupan ekonomi yang akan dihadapi, maka perlu
dibentuk sebuah lembaga yang dipersiapkan untuk menghimpun sejumlah dana
tertentu sejak dini dengan pengelolaan Syari’ah. Secara eksplisit dalam
Al-qur’an belum ada yang membahas Asuransi Syariah, karena ranah pembahasan ini
termasuk ijtihad, maka dalam kaidah Fiqh mengatakan; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-ansi-language: EN-US; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-no-proof: yes;&quot;&gt;
 
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;“Pada&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;dasarnya,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;semua&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;bentuk&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;mu’amalah&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;boleh&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dilakukan kecuali ada dalil yang
mengharamkannya.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Walaupun
saat sekarang ini telah ada berbagai macam produk Asuransi Syariah, namun
secara umum Asuransi Syariah dibagi dua, yakni; Asuransi Jiwa dan Asuransi
Kerugian, sedangkan akadnya terbagi dua, yaitu; &lt;i&gt;tijarah (Mudharabah) &lt;/i&gt;dan
&lt;i&gt;tabarru’ (Hibah).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Dalam hal ini, prinsip dasar Asuransi Syariah yang
harus di amalkan, antara lain; Tauhid, Keadilan, Tolong-menolong, Kerja sama,
amanah, kerelaan, kebenaran, larangan riba, larangan judi, dan larangan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;gharar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Satu dekade ini perkembangan
Asuransi Syariah mengalami pasang surut dalam kancah pasar perekonomian, hal
ini disebabkan rendahnya pemahaman masyarakat terhadap Asuransi Syariah serta
sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang mendukung kurang profesional, sehingga
menghambat lajunya pertumbuhan Asuransi Syariah. Maka, sangat diperlukan
pengembangan sumber daya manusia (SDM) yang bergerak di dalam Asuransi Syari’ah
serta sosialisasi-sosialisasi kepada masyarakat, agar pemahaman terhadap
Asuransi Syariah bukan opsi tapi solusi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
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&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-mirror-indents: yes; tab-stops: 14.2pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Ali, Hasan. 2005. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Asuransi dalam
Perspektif Hukum Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Jakarta: Kencana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Dewan Syariah Nasional MUI. 2014. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Himpunan Fatwa
Keuangan Syari’ah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;
Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Manan, Abdul. 2012. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Hukum Ekonomi Islam: dalam Perspektif Kewenangan
Peradilan Agama Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Jakarta: Kencana.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Nawawi, Ismail. 2012. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Fikih Muamalah
Klasik dan Kontemporer: Hukum Perjanjian, Ekonomi, dan Sosial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Bogor: Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Republik Indonesia. 2014. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;UU Republik
Indonesia No. 40 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;. Lembaran Negara RI Tahun 2014, No. 337.
Sekretariat Negara. Jakarta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Rivai, Veithzal. 2012. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Islamic Business
and Economic Ethics.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Sandy,
Gapey. &lt;i&gt;Asuransi Syariah, Kaya Manfaat untuk Semua Umat&lt;/i&gt;. (Online), (http://ekonomi.kompasiana.com/bisnis/2014/09/12/asuransi-syariah-kaya-manfaat-untuk-semua-umat-687517.html.
Diakses 27 Maret 2015).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Suharso, Yudi. 2015. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;Tahun 2015, Asuransi Syariah Akan Tumbuh Di Atas
30%,&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt;(Online), (&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://mysharing.co/tahun-2015-asuransi-syariah-akan-tumbuh-di-atas-30&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;http://mysharing.co/tahun-2015-asuransi-syariah-akan-tumbuh-di-atas-30&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN; mso-themecolor: text1;&quot;&gt;/.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-bidi-font-style: italic; mso-fareast-language: IN;&quot;&gt; Diakses 07 Maret 2014).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -1.0cm;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 12.0pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Takaful Indonesia&lt;i&gt;. Produk Asuransi Syariah.&lt;/i&gt;(Online), (http://asuransitakaful.net/produk-asuransi-syariah/.
28 Maret 2015).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote-list;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br clear=&quot;all&quot; /&gt;

&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;



&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Yudi Suharso&lt;i&gt;, ”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Tahun 2015,
Asuransi Syariah Akan Tumbuh Di Atas 30%”, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;My Sharing,
Diakses dari http://mysharing.co/tahun-2015-asuransi-syariah-akan-tumbuh-di-atas-30,
pada tanggal 07 Maret 2015 pukul 13:34 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Abdul Manan, &lt;i&gt;Hukum
Ekonomi Islam: dalam Perspektif Kewenangan Peradilan Agama.&lt;/i&gt; Kencana,
Jakarta, hlm. 237&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

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&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Hasan Ali, &lt;i&gt;Asuransi
dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, &lt;/i&gt;Kencana, Jakarta, hlm. 65.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

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&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref4&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Kitab Suci
Al-qur’an, QS. Yusuf [12]. 42-49.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;div id=&quot;ftn6&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref6&quot; name=&quot;_ftn6&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn6;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Dewan Syariah
Nasional MUI, &lt;i&gt;Himpunan Fatwa Keuangan Syari’ah, &lt;/i&gt;Penerbit Erlangga,
Jakarta, hlm. 496.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn7&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref7&quot; name=&quot;_ftn7&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn7;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[7]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Hasan Ali, &lt;i&gt;Asuransi
dalam Perspektif Hukum Islam, &lt;/i&gt;Kencana, Jakarta, hlm. 125.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn8&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref8&quot; name=&quot;_ftn8&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn8;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[8]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Ismail Nawawi,&lt;i&gt;
Fikih Muamalah Klasik dan Kontemporer: Hukum Perjanjian, Ekonomi, dan Sosial, &lt;/i&gt;Penerbit
Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, hlm. 302.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn9&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref9&quot; name=&quot;_ftn9&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn9;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Takaful Indonesia&lt;i&gt;, ” Produk Asuransi Syariah”,&lt;/i&gt; Diakses dari
http://asuransitakaful.net/produk-asuransi-syariah/, pada tanggal 28 Maret 2015
pukul 22:02 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn10&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref10&quot; name=&quot;_ftn10&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn10;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;[10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Abdul Manan, &lt;i&gt;Hukum
Ekonomi Islam: dalam Perspektif Kewenangan Peradilan Agama.&lt;/i&gt; Kencana,
Jakarta, hlm. 252.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn11&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref11&quot; name=&quot;_ftn11&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn11;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[11]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Ismail Nawawi,&lt;i&gt; Fikih Muamalah Klasik dan Kontemporer: Hukum
perjanjian, Ekonomi, dan Sosial, &lt;/i&gt;Penerbit Ghalia Indonesia, Bogor, hlm. 304.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn12&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref12&quot; name=&quot;_ftn12&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn12;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[12]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Gapey Sandy&lt;i&gt;, ”Asuransi Syariah, Kaya Manfaat untuk Semua Umat”, &lt;/i&gt;Kompasiana,
Diakses dari http://ekonomi.kompasiana.com/bisnis/2014/09/12/asuransi-syariah-kaya-manfaat-untuk-semua-umat-687517.html,
pada tanggal 27 Maret 2015 pukul 20:00 WIB.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn13&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref13&quot; name=&quot;_ftn13&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn13;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Abdul Manan, &lt;i&gt;Hukum Ekonomi Islam: dalam Perspektif Kewenangan Peradilan
Agama.&lt;/i&gt; Kencana, Jakarta, hlm. 276-277.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn14&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;

&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref14&quot; name=&quot;_ftn14&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn14;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Calibri&amp;quot;,sans-serif; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ansi-language: IN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-bidi-font-family: Arial; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-language: EN-US; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin;&quot;&gt;[14]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Ibid.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;,serif; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn12&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/1858489150376281783/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/1858489150376281783?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1858489150376281783'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1858489150376281783'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/03/asuransi-syariah.html' title='Asuransi Syariah'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBGVQSfbDnEuZMzZPal5fiLRmzIEWL5UEvSCH8xyWMZJvrJYPF4cWDNjuDfG009BJ5x05v5MzICV5aVXcyN0YUHzeCYOVNSJQzhNake6vE0bJQMBA6R0T0VUxclYQ3pc80O6oFZ1wD1Zc/s72-c/ekos.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-4690579067587654900</id><published>2015-01-15T16:54:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2016-03-14T13:03:48.289+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Artikel Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Ayat dan Hadist Tentang Motivasi Kerja Islam</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 21.3pt; text-align: center; text-indent: -18pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Ayat &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Tentang Motivasi Kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Oleh: Teuku Umar Johan | Ekonomi Syariah UMM | 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0cm; margin-left: 21.3pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Q.S. Ar-Ra’d:13:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkBT0mvko7NgArG0XzaRvvVNSOL9sU6jqg8qX0dU4_vsRXDy3wshDhXZK6DyMYXZPurJZ7lFN6on-it3mWHu7QEro_uz92pA2hbtf8egTV9rBzRavpk3H8bHpI_IiVDkpk9iP8lDq2PSs/s1600/s.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;103&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkBT0mvko7NgArG0XzaRvvVNSOL9sU6jqg8qX0dU4_vsRXDy3wshDhXZK6DyMYXZPurJZ7lFN6on-it3mWHu7QEro_uz92pA2hbtf8egTV9rBzRavpk3H8bHpI_IiVDkpk9iP8lDq2PSs/s1600/s.png&quot; width=&quot;640&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; Artinya: Bagi manusia ada malaikat-malaikat yang
selalu mengikutinya bergiliran, di muka dan di belakangnya, mereka menjaganya
atas perintah Allah. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak merubah keadaan sesuatu kaum
sehingga mereka merubah keadaan yang ada pada diri mereka sendiri. Dan apabila
Allah menghendaki keburukan terhadap sesuatu kaum, maka tak ada yang dapat
menolaknya; dan sekali-kali tak ada pelindung bagi mereka selain Dia, (Q.S. Ar-Ra’d: 13).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9488xMgm8qM5PPon3ugSeTvTXUfzqBLyySJ7kXHXMN3ap96zopaXliFc4YVISmKXG1xLpeiSriOsTYjE1-9wjiEV0QM85IiEyI1WZkfLiWhLbooTXDYzzD5hAwxkHvJ0JUWY-uGIaYJk/s1600/Johan+my.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;200&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg9488xMgm8qM5PPon3ugSeTvTXUfzqBLyySJ7kXHXMN3ap96zopaXliFc4YVISmKXG1xLpeiSriOsTYjE1-9wjiEV0QM85IiEyI1WZkfLiWhLbooTXDYzzD5hAwxkHvJ0JUWY-uGIaYJk/s200/Johan+my.jpg&quot; width=&quot;182&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Maksud dari ayat tersebut
adalah, Allah S.W.T menyuruh setiap individu agar lebih mandiri menyikapi
sesuatu yang berhubungan diri sendiri serta bersikap proaktif, yaitu sikap yang
ingin mengubah lingkungan, mengubah keadaan yang ada, atau membuat suasana
lebih kondusif. Dengan keterangan ayat tersebut maka jelaslah bahwa manusia
mempunyai keharusan untuk berusaha dan mampu mengubah kondisi sendiri dari kemunduran
dan keterbelakangan untuk menuju kepada kemajuan. Suatu prestasi kerja dan
keberuntungan tidak dapat diraih dengan mudah oleh seseorang, melainkan melalui
usaha dan kerja keras yang dibarengi idealisme dan optimisme yang tinggi.
Bekerja keras bagi manusia merupakan keharusan dan panggilan hidup manusia.
Jika kita berusaha dengan baik serta diiringi dengan hati yang ikhlas karena
Allah S.W.T maka hal itu termasuk ibadah dan perbuatan yang berpahala.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;Hadist Te&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;ntang &lt;/span&gt;Motivasi Kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIQtdah36l9IDoPbrmiK8s0QnGPTeWxa7GoFLu6bcW8zmkFZDWSwApvLH_ysSnijEQ-hZznZG0iEZKsK3E0W7BcVuQ1WHdVG8N5i0LYKC1a8oFW_4wz6QHj3NLMa_fqlVhDo5QNkFYyqs/s1600/Kata-Masalah-Kehidupan.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;162&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhIQtdah36l9IDoPbrmiK8s0QnGPTeWxa7GoFLu6bcW8zmkFZDWSwApvLH_ysSnijEQ-hZznZG0iEZKsK3E0W7BcVuQ1WHdVG8N5i0LYKC1a8oFW_4wz6QHj3NLMa_fqlVhDo5QNkFYyqs/s200/Kata-Masalah-Kehidupan.jpg&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sebelum
kita kupas hadist tentang motivasi kerja dalam islam secara mendetail perlu
kiranya kita untuk mengetahui fungsi kerja dalam islam, kita perlu memahami
terlebih dahulu fungsi dan kedudukan bekerja. Mencari nafkah dalam islam
merupakan sebuah kewajiban. Islam merupakan agama fitrah yang sesuai dengan
kebutuhan manusia, diantaranya kebutuhan fisik. Dan, salah satu cara memenuhi
kebutuhan fisik itu ialah bekerja&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;Motivasi
bekerja dalam islam itu adalah untuk mencari nafkah yang merupakan bagian dari
ibadah. Motivasi kerja dalam islam bukanlah mengejar hidup hedonis, bukan juga
untuk status, apalagi untuk mengejar kekayaan dengan segala cara. Tetapi untuk
beribadah, bekerja untuk mencari nafkah adalah hal yang istimewa dalam
pandangan Islam. Adapun hadits motivasi kerja dalam islam, ialah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya: &quot;Sesungguhnya allah
suka kepada hamba yang berkarya dan trampil (proffesional). Barang siapa
bersusah-payah mencari nafkah untuk keluarganya maka dia serupa dengan mujahid
di jalan Allah Azza Wajallah. (Hr. Ahmad)”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Luar
biasa bukan ?, dikatakan dalam hadits di atas bahwa mencari nafkah adalah
seperti mujahid, artinya nilainya sangat besar. Allah suka kepada hambanya yang
mau bersusah paya mencari nafkah. Saya kira, ini lebih dari cukup sebagai
motivasi kerja sebagai muslim. Bahkan, kita pun berpeluang mendapatkan ampunan
dari Allah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Mencari
rezeki yang halal dalam agama islam hukumnya wajib. Ini menandakan bagaimana
penting mencari rezeki yang halal. Dengan dem&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;i&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;kian, motivasi kerja dalam islam
bukan hanya memenuhi nafkah semata tetapi sebagai kewajiban beribadah Allah
setelah ibadah fardu lainnya, adapun Hadistnya sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&quot;Mencari rezeki yang halal
adalah wajib sesudah menunaikan fardhu (seperti shalat, puasa, dll). (HR.
Ath-Thabrani dan Al-Baihaqi)”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jika
Dalam islam menganggap bahwa bekerja ada integrasinya dengan dengan ibadah,
maka yang harus dilakukan seorang manajer adalah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;1.
Apa yang dikerjakan ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.
Untuk apa kita bekerja ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;3.
Apa kita bekerja untuk sesuatu yang dihalalkan agama ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormalCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin: 0cm 0cm 0cm 14.2pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: 14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;4.
Apakah kita bekerja untuk sesuatu yang tidak bertentangan dengan ajaran Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/4690579067587654900/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/4690579067587654900?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/4690579067587654900'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/4690579067587654900'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/01/napak-tilas-etos-kerja-orang-muslim.html' title='Ayat dan Hadist Tentang Motivasi Kerja Islam'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjkBT0mvko7NgArG0XzaRvvVNSOL9sU6jqg8qX0dU4_vsRXDy3wshDhXZK6DyMYXZPurJZ7lFN6on-it3mWHu7QEro_uz92pA2hbtf8egTV9rBzRavpk3H8bHpI_IiVDkpk9iP8lDq2PSs/s72-c/s.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-3061308701289078165</id><published>2015-01-06T10:15:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2024-08-03T12:58:02.628+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Umum"/><title type='text'>MOTIVASI DALAM PENGANTAR MANAJEMEN</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9b-LlimyO5hnK6glloxApt9nM5itKNSw5QKFpdP5BNUDcvFeKrLssGCFBPlKldwKQNYupFAEiR6HcO8asD5-G77HAeLbsmGJ2nQj0sdNgMWj0RG1A2ROHQdtcTyVtQS5hMPsNUBPT_7bId7M499rSl9O2BaVK31-rhRxvudvaOi_XS3PTUviq-4wRUqc/s299/download.jpeg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;168&quot; data-original-width=&quot;299&quot; height=&quot;168&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9b-LlimyO5hnK6glloxApt9nM5itKNSw5QKFpdP5BNUDcvFeKrLssGCFBPlKldwKQNYupFAEiR6HcO8asD5-G77HAeLbsmGJ2nQj0sdNgMWj0RG1A2ROHQdtcTyVtQS5hMPsNUBPT_7bId7M499rSl9O2BaVK31-rhRxvudvaOi_XS3PTUviq-4wRUqc/s1600/download.jpeg&quot; width=&quot;299&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1n7zg5BHStLTgw5bSLwio7XOjidBT-WqYMvrQSxSSJzA/edit?usp=sharing&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PPT MOTIVASI DALAM MANAJEMEN&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/3061308701289078165/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/3061308701289078165?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3061308701289078165'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/3061308701289078165'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2015/01/motivasi-dalam-pengantar-manajemen.html' title='MOTIVASI DALAM PENGANTAR MANAJEMEN'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi9b-LlimyO5hnK6glloxApt9nM5itKNSw5QKFpdP5BNUDcvFeKrLssGCFBPlKldwKQNYupFAEiR6HcO8asD5-G77HAeLbsmGJ2nQj0sdNgMWj0RG1A2ROHQdtcTyVtQS5hMPsNUBPT_7bId7M499rSl9O2BaVK31-rhRxvudvaOi_XS3PTUviq-4wRUqc/s72-c/download.jpeg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-1349417583305456521</id><published>2014-11-04T15:42:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2016-03-14T13:23:20.327+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Bisnis dalam Persepektif Islam</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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ETIKA DAN ADAB DALAM BEREKONOMI&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Oleh:&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt; Teuku Umar Johan | Ekonomi Syariah UMM | 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTr7Pd7RdyER4CSrEFKPyt-JOG3ibZNXF3NL-4St-RVsj8ry2r0rA&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;131&quot; src=&quot;https://encrypted-tbn3.gstatic.com/images?q=tbn:ANd9GcTr7Pd7RdyER4CSrEFKPyt-JOG3ibZNXF3NL-4St-RVsj8ry2r0rA&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -7.1pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;I.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.1&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Islam adalah satu-satunya agama yang sempurna
yang mengatur seluruh sendi kehidupan manusia dan alam semesta. Kegiatan
perekonomian manusia juga diatur dalam Islam dengan prinsip illahiyah. Harta
yang ada pada kita, sesungguhnya bukan milik manusia, melainkan hanya titipan
dari Allah swt agar dimanfaatkan sebaik-baiknya demi kepentingan umat manusia
yang pada akhirnya semua akan kembali kepada Allah swt untuk
dipertanggungjawabkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;.
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ketika kita berbicara masalah ekonomi berarti kita
berbicara tentang hubungan manusia dengan manusia yang lainnya. Kita melakukan
kegiatan ekonomi untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hidup. Namun pada dasarnya ketika
kita melakukan kegiatan ekonomi kita perlu mengetahui apa saja batasan-batasan
yang boleh dilakukan dan yang tidak boleh dilakukan. &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.2&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rumusan Masalah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Rumusan masalah dalam makalah ini ialah bagaimana
sebuah etika dan adab dalam berekonomi yang sudah didasarkan pada ayat – ayat
al – quran dan hadits?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level2 lfo1; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;1.3&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tujuan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Agar kita para pelaku ekonomi mengerti
akan sebuah etika dan adab yang benar dalam melakukan aktivitas ekonomi yang
mana etika dan adab tersebut sudah terkonsep dalam ayat al – quran dan
diperjelas lagi dalam hadits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l2 level1 lfo1; mso-text-indent-alt: -3.3pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;II.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.1
Pemahaman Tentang Etika &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Etika adalah acuan dalam melaksanakan kegiatan. Etika bisnis adalah studi
yang dikhususkan mengenai moral yang benar dan salah. Studi ini berkonsentrasi
pada standar moral sebagaimana diterapkan dalam kebijakan, institusi, dan
perilaku bisnis (Velasquez, 2005).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sebuah
hal yang membedakan antara islam dengan materialisme yakni bahwa islam tidak
pernah memisahkan antara ekonomi dengan sebuah etika, sebagaimana islam yang
tidak pernah memisahkan antara ilmu dengan akhlak, politik dengan etika, perang
dengan etika, dan kerabat sedarah sedaging dengan kehidupan islam. Islam
merupakan sebuah risalah yang ditrurunkan Allah SWT melalui rasul untuk
membenahi akhlak manusia. Nabi saw. Bersabda, ”sesungguhnya aku diutus untuk
menyempurnakan akhlak mulai.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Islam
tidak memisahkan agama dengan negara dan menteri dengan spiritual sebagaimana
yang dilakukan oleh negara – negara di eropa dengan konsep sekularismenya.
Islam juga berbeda konsep dengan kapitalisme yang memisahkan antara akhlak
dengan ekonomi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Manusia
muslim, individu maupun kelompok dalam lapangan ekonomi atau bisnis&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/b&gt;pada satu sisi diberi kebebasan untuk
mencari keuntungan sebesar – besarnya. Namun, disisi lain, ia terikat dengan
iman dan etika sehingga ia tidak bebas mutlak dalam menginvestasikan modalnya
atau membelanjakan hartanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Masyarakat
muslim tidak bebas tanpa kendali dalam memproduksi segala sumber daya
alam,mendistribusikannya, atau mengkonsumsikannya. Ia terikat dengan buhul akidah
dan etika mulia, disamping dengan hukum – hukum islam. Sebagai contoh berikut
ini yang menggambarkan sebuah etika yang ada pada aturan islam&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn1&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-weight: normal;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Berternak
dan menjual babi bagi nonmuslim merupakan pekerjaan yang mendatangakan
keuntungan besar. Tetapi Allah menharamkan umat islam untuk berternak babi
ataupun menjualnya kepada siapa saja. Alasannya, yang diharamkan untuk dimakan,
haram juga diternakkan ataupun dijual. Penjualan patung juga mendatangkan
keuntungan yang sangat besar bagi para pengerajin maupun perusahaan yang
berbisnis dalam bidang tersebut. Namun sekali lagi, islam lebih memperhatikan
kerusakannya daripada keuntungan yang secara cepat dapat diraih. Said bin Abil
Hasan meriwayatkan sebuah kisah: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;كُنتُ عِندَ اَبنِ عَبَّاسٍ إِذجَاءَهُ رَجُلٌ فَقَالَ :
يَابنَ عَبَّاسٍ :أنَا رَجُلٌ إِنَّمَا مَعِيشَتِي مِن صُنعَةِ يَدِي, وَإِنِّي
أَصنَعُ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;هَدِهِ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;التَّصَاوِيرَ,فَقَالَ ابنُ عَبَّسٍ : لاَ أُ حَدِّثُكَ
إِلاَّمَاسَمِعتُ مِن رَسُولِ اللّه : سَمِعتُهُ يَقُولُ : مَن
صَوَّرَصُورَةًفَإِنَّ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;الله&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;يُعَذِّبُهُ حَتَّى يَنفُحُ فِيهَاالرُّوحَ , وَلَيسَ
بِنَافِخٍ فِيهَاأبَدً) فَرَبَاالرَّجُلُ رَبوَةَ شَدَّةٍ , فَقَالَ ابنَ عَبَّاسٍ
: وَيحَكَ!&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.45pt; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;إن أبَيتَ إلاَّ أن تَصنَعَ, فَعَلَيكَ بِهَذَاالشَّجَرِ :
وَ كُلِّ شَىءٍلَيسَ فِيهِ رُوخٌ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;“Ketika
saya bersama Ibnu Abbas, datang seorang dan berkata, ‘Ya Ibnu Abbas, saya
lelaki yang hidup dari kerajinan tangan saya. Saya seorang pelukis lukisan –
lukisan ini. ’Ibnu Abbas berkata, ‘Saya tidak berkata kecuali apa yang saya
dengar dari Nabi. Saya mendengar beliau bersabda, ‘barang siapa yang menggambar
sebuah benda, Allah akan mengazabnya sampai ia bias meniupkan nyawa kepada yang
digambarnya itu, sedangkan tidak ada satupun orang diantara kita yang mampu
melakukannya. ‘Maka lelaki itu marah marah daan merasa kesal. Lalu Ibnu Abbas
berkata, ‘celakalah kamu! Mengapa kamu menafikan akibat dari apa yang kamu
kerjakan. Maka gambarlah pohon ini atau apa saja yang tidak ada nyawanya.” (HR.
Muttafaq’alaih; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Lu’lu wal – Marjan &lt;/span&gt;1369)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sedangkan
disisi lain pengertian adab ialah &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;norma
atau aturan mengenai sopan santun yang didasarkan atas aturan agama, terutama
Agama Islam. Kata adab yang dikenal orang adalah berupa syair, kisah-kisah, dan
yang serupa dengan itu. Tetapi adab menurut para ahli fiqih dan ahli hadits
mempunyai makna dan pengertian yang berbeda. Mereka mengatakan bahwa pengertian
adab adalah menggunakan perkataan, perbuatan, dan hal ihwal yang bagus. Ada
pula di antara mereka yang mengatakan bahwa adab adalah meninggalkan sesuatu
yang membawa ke­jelekan (aib). Di samping itu ada yang mengatakan bahwa
pengertian adab adalah menghiasi diri dengan hiasan orang-orang yang memiliki
keutamaan. Menurut pendapat lain, arti adab adalah tidak bermaksiat kepada
Allah dan tidak merusak harga diri. Ada pula yang mengatakan bahwa adab berarti
takwa kepada Allah. Jadi, orang yang bertakwa kepada Allah adalah orang yang
beradab.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Al-Bukhari
telah menyusun kitab tersendiri yang berjudul al- Adab al-Mufrad. Kitab ini
tidak mengikuti kriteria (persyaratan) kitab Shahih-nya. Di dalam kitab al-Adab
al-Mufrad terdapat hadits shahih, hasan, maupun dha&#39;if. Sedangkan kitab Shahih
al- Bukhari yang di dalamnya juga terdapat kitab (bab) al-Adab, semua haditsnya
shahih berdasarkan persyaratan al-Bukhari. Untuk keshahihan suatu hadits,
al-Bukhari membuat persyarat-persyaratan yang sulit (ketat), sehingga hadits
al-Bukhari merupakan perkata­an yang paling shahih setelah Kitabullah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 21.3pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;2.2 Prinsip-prinsip Etika &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Berkaitan dengan etika, Al – Ghazali, tt,
Qardawi (1997), (Chapra, 2001) mengemumakan prinsip etika berkaitan dengan
dasar – dasar yang dapat dijadikan pegangan agar kegiatan ekonomi berjalan
sesuai kodrat dan aturan yang ada. Prinsip – prinsip itu antara lain adalah : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(1)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prinsip otonomi : sikap dan kemampuan
manusia untuk bertindak berdasarkan kesadarannya sendiri tentang apa yang
dianggapnya baik untukdilakukan. Untuk bertindak secara otonom, semestinya ada
kebebasan untuk mengambil sebuah keputusan dan bertindak berdasarkan apa yang
sudah diputuskan dengan tanggung jawabnya. Kondisi ini dikarenakan manusia
diberi kemampuan yang dalam terminologi figh disebut al – ahliyah baik dalam
kapasitas ahliyah al –wirjub maupun &lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;Al –
ahliyah Al – ada’. &lt;/i&gt;Dalam kaitannya dengan sikap otonomi, sikap tanggung
jawab penting karena :&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt; &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(a)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kesediaan untuk melakukan apa yang harus
dilakukan, dengan sebaik mungkin. Bertanggung jawab berarti sikap seseorang
terhadap tugas yang membebani instansi atau dirinya. Ia merasa terikat untuk
menyelesaikannya, demi tugas itu sendiri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(b)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Sikap bertanggung jawab lebih tinggi
dari pada tuntutan etika atau peraturan. Etika atau peraturan hanya
mempertanyakan apakah sesuatu boleh apa tidak, sedangkan sikapbertanggung jawab
lebih terkait dengan nila yang diemban atau yang akan dihasilkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(c)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Wawasan orang yang bersedia untuk bertanggung
jawab secara prinsip tidak terbatas. Ia tidak membatasi perhatiannya pada apa
yang menjadi urusan dan kewajibanya, melainkan merasa bertanggung jawab dimana
saja diperlukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l5 level1 lfo3; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(d)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kesediaan
untuk bertanggung jawab termasuk kesediaan untuk diminta dan untuk memberi
pertanggungjawaban atas tindakannya, atas pelaksanaan tugas dan kewajibannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(2)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prinsip kejujuran. Dasar setiap usaha
untuk menjadi orang kuat secara moral adalah kejujuran. Kejujuran merupakan
kualitas dasar kepribadian moral. Tanpa kejujuran berarti tidak sanggup
mengambil sikap yang lurus. Tanpa sebuah kejujuran, keutamaan moral lainnya
akan hilang. Bersikap jujur terhadap orang lain memiliki dua arti yaitu: [1]
Sikap terbuka dalam pengertian bahwa kita selalu muncul sebagai diri kita
sendiri dalam sebagai sikap dan tindakan. [2] Sikap wajar atau fair yaitu
memperlakukan orang menurut standar – standar yang diharapkan dan dipergunakan
orang lain terhadap dirinya. Kejujuran dalam ekonomi islam terwujud dalam
berbagai aspek: (1) kejujuran yang terwujud dalam pemenuhan syarat – syarat
perjanjian dan kontrak. (2) Kejujuran yang terwujud dalam penawaran barang dan
jasa dengan mutu yang yang baik, dan (3) kejujuran menyangkut hubungan kerja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(3)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prinsip tidak berbuat jahat (&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;non malefience&lt;/i&gt;) dan prinsip berbuat baik
(&lt;i style=&quot;mso-bidi-font-style: normal;&quot;&gt;beneficence&lt;/i&gt;). Prinsip bersikap baik
bagi orang lain. Dalam wujudnya yang minimal dan pasif, sikap ini menuntut agar
kita tidak berbuat jahat pada orang lain. Prinsip tidak berbuat jahat merupakan
bagian dari sikap jujur, Al – Ghazali memahami arti kejujuran, yaitu tidak rela
terhadap apa yang menimpa temannya kecuali yang ia rela jika hal itu menimpa
dirinya sendiri” (Al – Ghazali, tt:24).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(4)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prinsip hormat pada diri sendiri, yaitu
tidak etis jika seseorang membiarkan dirinya diperlakukan secara tidak adil,
tidak jujur, ditindas, diperas, dan sebagainya. Konsep ini diinduksikan dari
berbagai aktivitas ekonomi yang cenderung membabi buta dengan konsep dasarnya
mendapatkan keuntungan sebanyak mungkin tanpa memperhatikan nilai – nilai
kemanusian yang mana didalam Al – Qur’an melarang umat muslim saling
menzhalimi, saling merugikan satu sama lain, saling mencaci, memfitnah dan
sebagainya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l3 level1 lfo2; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;(5)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Prinsip Keadilan&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn2&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;,
Keadilan merupakan norma utama dalam seluruh aspek dunia ekonomi. Hal ini dapat
kita lihat pada pesan al-quran yang menjadikan adil sebagai tujuan agama sama.
kebalikan sifat adil ialah zalim yang mana dilarang oleh allah. Sebagaimana
firman-Nya dalam surat Hud :18 disebutkan :&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -14.2pt; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;وَمَن أَظَلَمُ مِمَّنِ آفتَرَى
عَلَى اللهِ كَذِبًا أُولَىكَ يُعرَضُونَ عَلى رَبِّهِم وَيَقُولُ الأَ شهَدُ
هَؤُلَآ ءِ الَّذِينَ كَذَبُوا عَلَى رَبِّهِم&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; dir=&quot;RTL&quot; style=&quot;direction: rtl; line-height: 150%; margin-bottom: 10.0pt; margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 2.0cm; margin-top: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: right; text-indent: -14.2pt; unicode-bidi: embed;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;ألاَ لَعنَةُ اللهِ عَلَى&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;AR-SA&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;RTL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;الظَّلِمِينَ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span dir=&quot;LTR&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;traditional arabic&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;i&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya : Dan siapakah yang lebih zalim daripada orang yang
membuat-buat dusta terhadap allah? mereka itu akan dihadapkan kepada Tuhan
mereka dan para saksi (malaikat,nabi-nabi dan anggota-anggota badannya sendiri)
akan berkata : “orang-orang inilah yang telah berdusta terhadap Tuhan mereka”.
Ingatlah , kutukan Allah (ditimpakan) atas orang-orang yang zalim. ( Hud :18)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Keadilan merupakan
kesadaran dan pelaksanaan untuk memberikan kepada pihak lain sesuatu yang sudah
semestinya harus diterima oleh pihak lain itu , sehingga setiap orang mendapat
kesempatan untuk melaksanakan kewajiban dan hak masing-masing. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Wujud keadilan dalam
ekonomi setidaknya terkait dengan empat hal , yaitu keadilan tukar-menukar,
keadilan distributif, keadilan social, dan keadilan hukum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Keadilan distributif
merupakan suatu kebijakan tingkah laku masyarakat dan alat penguasaannya untuk
selalu membagikan segala kenikmatan dan beban bersama, dengan cara rata dan
menurut keseleraan sifat. Hasil produksi tidak dibenarkan jika disalurkan pada
satu atau dua daerah saja melainkan harus menyeluruh, sebab daerah lain juga
membutuhkan hal yang serupa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Keadilan social merupakan
suatu kebijakan tingkah laku manusia di dalm hubungan dengan masyarakat, untuk
senantiasa memberi dan melaksanakan segala sesuatu yang menunjukkan kemakmuran
dan kesejahteraan bersama sebagai tujuan akhir dari masyarakat atau Negara. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -14.2pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Keadilan hukum merupakan
kebajikan yang mengatur hubungan antara anggota dan kesatuannya untuk
bersama-sama selaras dengan kedudukan dan fungsinya untuk mencapai
kesejahteraan umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.3 PANDUAN RASULULLAH DALAM ETIKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 42.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0cm; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Rasululah SAW sangat banyak memberikan
petunjuk mengenai etika bisnis, di antaranya ialah: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bahwa prinsip esensial dalam bisnis adalah kejujuran.
Dalam doktrin Islam, kejujuran merupakan syarat paling mendasar dalam kegiatan
bisnis. Rasulullah sangat intens menganjurkan kejujuran dalam aktivitas bisnis.
Dalam hal ini, beliau bersabda:“Tidak dibenarkan seorang muslim menjual satu
jualan yang mempunyai aib, kecuali ia menjelaskan aibnya” (H.R. Al-Quzwani).
“Siapa yang menipu kami, maka dia bukan kelompok kami” (H.R. Muslim).
Rasulullah sendiri selalu bersikap jujur dalam berbisnis. Beliau melarang para
pedagang meletakkan barang busuk di sebelah bawah dan barang baru di bagian
atas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kesadaran tentang signifikansi sosial kegiatan bisnis.
Pelaku bisnis menurut Islam, tidak hanya sekedar mengejar keuntungan
sebanyak-banyaknya, sebagaimana yang diajarkan Bapak ekonomi kapitalis, Adam
Smith, tetapi juga berorientasi kepada sikap ta’awun (menolong orang lain)
sebagai implikasi sosial kegiatan bisnis. Tegasnya, berbisnis, bukan mencari
untung material semata, tetapi didasari kesadaran memberi kemudahan bagi orang
lain dengan menjual barang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak melakukan sumpah palsu. Nabi Muhammad saw sangat
intens melarang para pelaku bisnis melakukan sumpah palsu dalam melakukan
transaksi bisnis Dalam sebuah hadis riwayat Bukhari, Nabi bersabda, “Dengan
melakukan sumpah palsu, barang-barang memang terjual, tetapi hasilnya tidak
berkah”. Dalam hadis riwayat Abu Zar, Rasulullah saw mengancam dengan azab yang
pedih bagi orang yang bersumpah palsu dalam bisnis, dan Allah tidak akan
memperdulikannya nanti di hari kiamat (H.R. Muslim). Praktek sumpah palsu dalam
kegiatan bisnis saat ini sering dilakukan, karena dapat meyakinkan pembeli, dan
pada gilirannya meningkatkan daya beli atau pemasaran. Namun, harus disadari,
bahwa meskipun keuntungan yang diperoleh berlimpah, tetapi hasilnya tidak
berkah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Ramah-tamah. Seorang pelaku bisnis, harus bersikap ramah
dalam melakukan bisnis. Nabi Muhammad SawÂ&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;mengatakan, “Allah merahmatiÂ&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;seseorang yang ramahÂ&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dan
toleranÂ&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;dalam berbisnis” (H.R. Bukhari
dan Tarmizi).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak boleh berpura-pura menawar dengan harga tinggi,
agar orang lain tertarik membeli dengan harga tersebut. Sabda Nabi Muhammad,
“Janganlah kalian melakukan bisnis najsya (seorang pembeli tertentu, berkolusi
dengan penjual untuk menaikkan harga, bukan dengan niat untuk membeli, tetapi
agar menarik orang lain untuk membeli).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak boleh menjelekkan bisnis orang lain, agar orang
membeli kepadanya. Nabi Muhammad Saw bersabda, “Janganlah seseorang di antara
kalian menjual dengan maksud untuk menjelekkan apa yang dijual oleh orang lain”
(H.R. Muttafaq ‘alaih).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak melakukan ihtikar. Ihtikar ialah (menumpuk dan
menyimpan barang dalam masa tertentu, dengan tujuan agar harganya suatu saat
menjadi naik dan keuntungan besar pun diperoleh). Rasulullah melarang keras
perilaku bisnis semacam itu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Takaran, ukuran dan timbangan yang benar. Dalam
perdagangan, timbangan yang benar dan tepat harus benar-benar diutamakan.
Firman Allah: Celakalah bagi orang yang curang, yaitu orang yang apabila
menerima takaran dari orang lain, mereka minta dipenuhi, dan apabila mereka
menakar atau menimbang untuk orang lain, mereka mengurangi” ( QS. 83: 112).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bisnis tidak boleh menggangu kegiatan ibadah kepada
Allah. Firman Allah, “Orang yang tidak dilalaikan oleh bisnis lantaran
mengingat Allah, dan dari mendirikan shalat dan membayar zakat. Mereka takut
kepada suatu hari yang hari itu, hati dan penglihatan menjadi goncang”.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Membayar upah sebelum kering keringat karyawan. Nabi
Muhammad Saw bersabda, “Berikanlah upah kepada karyawan, sebelum kering
keringatnya”. Hadist ini mengindikasikan bahwa pembayaran upah tidak boleh
ditunda-tunda. Pembayaran upah harus sesuai dengan kerja yang dilakukan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak monopoli. Salah satu keburukan sistem ekonomi
kapitalis ialah melegitimasi monopoli dan oligopoli. Contoh yang sederhana
adalah eksploitasi (penguasaan) individu tertentu atas hak milik sosial,
seperti air, udara dan tanah dan kandungan isinya seperti barang tambang dan
mineral. Individu tersebut mengeruk keuntungan secara pribadi, tanpa memberi
kesempatan kepada orang lain. Ini dilarang dalam Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;12.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Tidak boleh melakukan bisnis dalam kondisi eksisnya
bahaya (mudharat) yang dapat merugikan dan merusak kehidupan individu dan
sosial. Misalnya, larangan melakukan bisnis senjata di saat terjadi chaos
(kekacauan) politik. Tidak boleh menjual barang halal, seperti anggur kepada
produsen minuman keras, karena ia diduga keras, mengolahnya menjadi miras.
Semua bentuk bisnis tersebut dilarang Islam karena dapat merusak esensi
hubungan sosial yang justru harus dijaga dan diperhatikan secara cermat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;13.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Komoditi bisnis yang dijual adalah barang yang suci dan
halal, bukan barang yang haram, seperti babi, anjing, minuman keras, ekstasi,
dsb. Nabi Muhammad Saw bersabda, “Sesungguhnya Allah mengharamkan bisnis miras,
bangkai, babi dan “patung-patung” (H.R. Jabir).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;14.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bisnis dilakukan dengan suka rela, tanpa paksaan. Firman
Allah, “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, janganlah kamu saling memakan harta
sesamamu dengan cara yang batil, kecuali dengan jalan bisnis yang berlaku
dengan suka-sama suka di antara kamu” (QS. 4: 29).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;15.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Segera melunasi kredit yang menjadi kewajibannya.
Rasulullah memuji seorang muslim yang memiliki perhatian serius dalam pelunasan
hutangnya. Sabda Nabi Saw, “Sebaik-baik kamu, adalah orang yang paling segera
membayar hutangnya” (H.R. Hakim).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;16.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Memberi tenggang waktu apabila pengutang (kreditor) belum
mampu membayar. Sabda Nabi Saw, “Barang siapa yang menangguhkan orang yang
kesulitan membayar hutang atau membebaskannya, Allah akan memberinya naungan di
bawah naunganNya pada hari yang tak ada naungan kecuali naungan-Nya” (H.R.
Muslim).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l4 level1 lfo6; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -78.55pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;17.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Bahwa bisnis yang dilaksanakan bersih dari unsur riba.
Firman Allah, “Hai orang-orang yang beriman, tinggalkanlah sisa-sisa riba jika
kamu beriman (QS. al-Baqarah:: 278) Pelaku dan pemakan riba dinilai Allah
sebagai orang yang kesetanan(QS. 2: 275). Oleh karena itu Allah dan Rasulnya
mengumumkan perang terhadap riba&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn3&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.0pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Riba merupakan kelebihan
yang tidak dibenarkan syariah yang disyaratkan oleh salah satu dari dua orang
yang berakad. Imam Badrudin Al-‘Aini dalam kitabnya ‘Umdatu Al-Qari
mendefinisikan “Riba adalah penambahan atas harta pokok tanpa adanya transaksi bisnis
riil.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Definisi secara komrehensif dituangkan oleh Muhammad Al-Hasaini
Taqiyyudin Abi Bakr Ibn dalam kitabnya Kifayatu al-Akhyar “ Riba adalah setiap
nilai tambah (value added) dari setiap pertukaran emas dan perak (uang) serta
seluruh bahan makanan pokok tanpa adanya pengganti yang sepadan dan dibenarkan
oleh syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Riba itu ada dua macam :
nassi’ah dan fadl. Riba nasi’ah adalah pembayaran lebih yang disyaratkan oleh
orang yang meminjamkan. Riba fadl ialah penukaran suatu barang dengan barang
yang sejenis , tetapi lebih banyak jumlahnya karena orang yang menukarkan
mensyaratkan demikian , seperti penukaran emas dengan emas, padi dengan padi
dan lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 78.55pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Jadi kita sebagai muslim
yang baik harus paham betul tentang apa saja yang harus kita lakukan dan apa
yang seharusnya kita hindari. Disisi yang lain ada istilah Gharar. Gharar
merupakan sesuatu yang belum pasti , dan ini juga harus kita hindari , karena
merugikan orang lain. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.4
Pentingnya Etika dalam Dunia Ekonomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 2.0cm 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Didalam ekonomi tidak
jarang berlaku konsep tujuan menghalalkan segala cara. Bahkan tindakan yang
berbau kriminal pun ditempuh demi pencapaian suatu tujuan. Kalau sudah
demikian, pengusaha yang menjadi pengerak motor perekonomian akan berubah
menjadi binatang ekonomi. Terjadinya perbuatan tercela dalam dunia ekonomi
tampaknya tidak menampakan kecenderungan tetapi sebaliknya, makin hari semakin
meningkat. Tindakan mark up, ingkar janji, tidak mengindahkan kepentingan
masyarakat, tidak memperhatikan sumber daya alam maupun tindakan kolusi dan
suap merupakan segelintir contoh pengabaian para pengusaha terhadap etika
ekonomi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Sebagai bagian dari
masyarakat, tentu ekonomi tunduk pada norma-norma yang ada pada masyarakat.
Tata hubungan ekonomi dan masyarakat yang tidak bisa dipisahkan itu membawa
serta etika-etika tertentu dalam kegiatan bisnisnya, baik etika itu antara
sesama pelaku ekonomi maupun etika ekonomi terhadap masyarakat dalam hubungan
langsung maupun tidak langsung. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 2.0cm; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dengan memetakan pola hubungan dalam bisnis seperti itu dapat dilihat
bahwa prinsip-prinsip etika bisnis terwujud dalam satu pola hubungan yang
bersifat interaktif.&lt;/span&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Hubungan ini
tidak hanya dalam satu negara, tetapi meliputi berbagai negara yang
terintegrasi dalam hubungan perdagangan dunia yang nuansanya kini telah berubah.
Perubahan nuansa perkembangan dunia itu menuntut segera dibenahinya etika
ekonomi . Pasalnya, kondisi hukum yang melingkupi dunia usaha terlalu jauh
tertinggal dari pertumbuhan serta perkembangan dibidang ekonomi. Jalinan
hubungan usaha dengan pihak-pihak lain yang terkait begitu kompleks. Akibatnya,
ketika dunia usaha melaju pesat, ada pihak-pihak yang tertinggal dan dirugikan,
karena peranti hukum dan aturan main dunia usaha belum mendapatkan perhatian
yang seimbang. Salah satu contoh yang selanjutnya menjadi masalah bagi
pemerintah dan dunia usaha adalah masih adanya pelanggaran terhadap upah buruh.
Hal lni menyebabkan beberapa produk nasional terkena batasan di pasar
internasional. Contoh lain adalah produk-produk hasil hutan yang mendapat
protes keras karena pengusaha Indonesia dinilai tidak memperhatikan
kelangsungan sumber alam yang sangat berharga.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -21.3pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.5 Cara Menciptakan Etika Ekonomi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 49.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 63.8pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dalam menciptakan etika ekonomi, Dalimunthe
(2004) menganjurkan untuk memperhatikan beberapa hal sebagai berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;1.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pengendalian Diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya, pelaku-pelaku bisnis mampu
mengendalikan diri mereka masing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;masing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;untuk tidak memperoleh apapun dari siapapun
dan dalam bentuk apapun. Disamping itu, pelaku bisnis sendiri tidak mendapatkan
keuntungan dengan jalan main curang atau memakan pihak lain dengan menggunakan
keuntungan tersebut. Walau keuntungan yang diperoleh merupakan hak bagi pelaku
bisnis, tetapi penggunaannya juga harus memperhatikan kondisi masyarakat
sekitarnya. Inilah etika bisnis yang &quot;etik&quot;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;2.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pengembangan Tanggung Jawab Sosial (Social
Responsibility)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Pelaku ekonomi disini dituntut untuk peduli
dengan keadaan masyarakat, bukan hanya dalam bentuk &quot;uang&quot; dengan
jalan memberikan sumbangan, melainkan lebih kompleks lagi. Artinya sebagai
contoh kesempatan yang dimiliki oleh pelaku bisnis untuk menjual pada tingkat
harga yang tinggi sewaktu terjadinya excess demand harus menjadi perhatian dan
kepedulian bagi pelaku bisnis dengan tidak memanfaatkan kesempatan ini untuk
meraup keuntungan yang berlipat ganda. Jadi,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dalam keadaan excess demand pelaku bisnis harus mampu mengembangkan dan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;memanifestasikan sikap tanggung jawab terhadap masyarakat sekitarnya.
Tanggung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;jawab sosial bisa dalam bentuk kepedulian
terhadap masyarakat di sekitarnya, terutama dalam hal pendidikan, kesehatan,
pemberian latihan keterampilan, dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;3.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mempertahankan Jati Diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mempertahankan jati diri dan tidak mudah untuk
terombang-ambing oleh pesatnya perkembangan informasi dan teknologi adalah
salah satu usaha menciptakan etika bisnis. Namun demikian bukan berarti etika
bisnis anti perkembangan informasi dan teknologi, tetapi informasi dan
teknologi itu harus dimanfaatkan untuk meningkatkan kepedulian bagi golongan
yang lemah dan tidak kehilangan budaya yang dimiliki akibat adanya tranformasi
informasi dan teknologi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;4.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menciptakan Persaingan yang Sehat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Persaingan dalam dunia bisnis perlu untuk
meningkatkan efisiensi dan kualitas, tetapi persaingan tersebut tidak mematikan
yang lemah, dan sebaliknya harus terdapat jalinan yang erat antara pelaku ekonomi
besar dan golongan menengah kebawah, sehingga dengan perkembangannya perusahaan
besar mampu memberikan spread effect terhadap perkembangan sekitarnya. Untuk
itu dalam menciptakan persaingan perlu ada kekuatan-kekuatan yang seimbang
dalam dunia ekonomi tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;5.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menerapkan Konsep “Pembangunan Berkelanjutan&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Dunia bisnis seharusnya tidak memikirkan
keuntungan hanya pada saat sekarang, tetapi perlu memikirkan bagaimana dengan
keadaan dimasa datang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan ini jelas pelaku bisnis dituntut
tidak meng-&quot;ekspoitasi&quot; lingkungan dan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;keadaan saat sekarang semaksimal mungkin tanpa mempertimbangkan lingkungan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dan keadaan dimasa datang walaupun saat sekarang merupakan kesempatan untuk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;memperoleh keuntungan besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;6.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menghindari Sifat 5K (Katabelece, Kongkalikong, Koneksi,
Kolusi dan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Komisi)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Jika pelaku bisnis sudah mampu menghindari
sikap seperti ini, kita yakin tidak akan terjadi lagi apa yang dinamakan dengan
korupsi, manipulasi dan segala bentuk permainan curang dalam dunia bisnis
ataupun berbagai kasus yang mencemarkan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;nama bangsa dan negara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;7.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Mampu Menyatakan yang Benar itu Benar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Artinya, kalau pelaku bisnis itu memang tidak
wajar untuk menerima kredit (sebagai contoh) karena persyaratan tidak bisa
dipenuhi, jangan menggunakan &quot;katabelece&quot; dari &quot;koneksi&quot;
serta melakukan &quot;kongkalikong&quot; dengan data yang salah. Juga jangan
memaksa diri untuk mengadakan “kolusi&quot; serta memberikan
&quot;komisi&quot;kepada pihak yang terkait.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;8.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menumbuhkan Sikap Saling Percaya antar Golongan Pengusaha&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Untuk menciptakan kondisi bisnis yang
&quot;kondusif&quot; harus ada sikap saling percaya (trust) antara golongan
pengusaha kuat dengan golongan pengusaha lemah, sehingga pengusaha lemah mampu
berkembang bersama dengan pengusaha lainnya yang sudah besar dan mapan. Yang
selama ini kepercayaan itu hanya ada antara pihak golongan kuat, saat sekarang
sudah waktunya memberikan kesempatan kepada pihak menengah untuk berkembang dan
berkiprah dalam dunia bisnis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;9.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Konsekuen dan Konsisten dengan Aturan main Bersama&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Semua konsep etika bisnis yang telah
ditentukan tidak akan dapat terlaksana apabila setiap orang tidak mau konsekuen
dan konsisten dengan etika tersebut. Mengapa? Seandainya semua ketika bisnis
telah disepakati, sementara ada &quot;oknum&quot;, baik pengusaha sendiri
maupun pihak yang lain mencoba untuk melakukan &quot;kecurangan&quot; demi
kepentingan pribadi, jelas semua konsep etika bisnis itu akan &quot;gugur&quot;
satu semi satu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;10.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Memelihara Kesepakatan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Memelihara kesepakatan atau menumbuhkembangkan
Kesadaran dan rasa Memiliki terhadap apa yang telah disepakati adalah salah
satu usaha menciptakan etika bisnis. Jika etika ini telah dimiliki oleh semua
pihak, jelas semua memberikan suatu ketentraman dan kenyamanan dalam berbisnis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo4; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -85.65pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;11.&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Menuangkan ke dalam Hukum Positif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 85.65pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perlunya sebagian etika bisnis dituangkan
dalam suatu hukum positif yang menjadi Peraturan Perundang-Undangan dimaksudkan
untuk menjamin kepastian hukum dari etika bisnis tersebut, seperti
&quot;proteksi&quot; terhadap pengusaha lemah.Kebutuhan tenaga dunia bisnis
yang bermoral dan beretika saat sekarang ini sudah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dirasakan dan sangat diharapkan semua pihak apalagi dengan semakin pesatnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;perkembangan globalisasi dimuka bumi ini. Dengan adanya moral dan etika
dalam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;dunia bisnis serta kesadaran semua pihak untuk
melaksanakannya, kita yakin jurang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;itu akan dapat diatasi. Ahli pemberdayaan kepribadian
Uno (2004) menjelaskan bahwa mempraktikkan bisnis dengan etika berarti
mempraktikkan tata cara bisnis yang sopan dan santun sehingga kehidupan bisnis
menyenangkan karena saling menghormati. Etiket berbisnis diterapkan pada sikap
kehidupan berkantor, sikap&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;menghadapi rekan-rekan bisnis, dan sikap di
mana kita tergabung dalam organisasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Itu berupa senyum &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;sebagai apresiasi yang tulus dan terima kasih,
tidak menyalahgunakan kedudukan, kekayaan, tidak lekas tersinggung, kontrol
diri, toleran, dan tidak memotong pembicaraan orang lain. Dengan kata lain,
etika bisnis itu memelihara suasana yang menyenangkan, menimbulkan rasa saling
menghargai, meningkatkan efisiensi kerja, dan meningkatkan citra pribadi dan
perusahaan. Sedangkan berbisnis dengan etika ekonomi adalah menerapkan
aturan-aturan umum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;mengenai etika pada perilaku ekonomi. Etika
ekonomi menyangkut moral, kontak sosial, hak-hak dan kewajiban, prinsip-prinsip
dan aturan-aturan. Jika aturan secara umum mengenai etika mengatakan bahwa
berlaku tidak jujur adalah tidak bermoral dan beretika, maka setiap insan
ekonomi yang tidak berlaku jujur dengan pegawainya, pelanggan, kreditur,
pemegang usaha maupun pesaing dan masyarakat, maka ia dikatakan tidak etis dan
tidak bermoral. Intinya adalah bagaimana kita mengontrol diri kita sendiri
untuk dapat menjalani bisnis dengan baik dengan cara peka dan toleransi&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftn4&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.6 Manfaat Menerapkan Etika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Misalkan dalam suatu
perusahaan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;menerapkan etika dalam hal ini adalah kinerja perusahaan yang akan
bertambah baik dengan didukung dengan karyawan/bawahan yang bermoral dan
bertanggungjawab atas sikap dan pekerjaannya serta menaati semua perintah
atasan dengan baik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;. Dalam zaman
reformasi seperti ini, baik-buruknya sebuah dunia usaha dapat tersebar dengan
cepat . Memperlakukan karyawan, konsumen, pemasok, pemodal dan masyarakat umum
secara etis, adil dan jujur adalah satu-satunya cara supaya kita dapat bertahan
di dalam dunia bisnis sekarang. Adapun manfaat perusahaan dalam menerapkan
etika bisnis. Yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -92.7pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;a)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Perusahaan mendapatkan
kepercayaan dari konsumen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Perusahaan yang jujur
akan menciptakan konsumen yang loyal. Bahkan konsumen akan merekomendasikan
kepada orang lain untuk menggunakan produk tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -92.7pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;b)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Citra
perusahaan di mata konsumen baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Dengan citra yang baik maka
perusahaan akan lebih dikenal oleh masyarakat dan produknya pun dapat mengalami
peningkatan penjualan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo5; mso-text-indent-alt: -18.0pt; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -92.7pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;c)&lt;span style=&quot;font: 7.0pt &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;
&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Meningkatkan
motivasi pekerja.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Karyawan akan bekerja
dengan giat apabila perusahaan tersebut memiliki citra yang baik dimata
perusahaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 92.7pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 1.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;2.7 Kekaguman Non Muslim Terhadap Etika Ekonomi Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Para pakar ekonomi
nonmuslim mengakui keunggulan system ekonomi islam. Menurut mereka, islam telah
sukse menggabungkan etika dan ekonomi, sementara system kapitalis dan sosialis
memisahkan keduanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Jack Austri, orang Prancis
dalam bukunya Islam dan Pengembangan Ekonomi mengatakan ,”islam adalah gabungan
antara tatanan kehidupan praktis dan sumber etika yang mulia. Antara keduanya
terdapat ikatan sangat erat yang tidak terpisahkan. Dari sini bisa dikatakan
bahwa orang-orang islam tidak akan menerima ekonomi kapitalis. Ekonomi yang
kekuatannya berdasarkan wahyu dari langit itu tanpa diragukan lagi adalah
ekonomi yang berdasarkan etika.”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Brooks mengkritik
kebudayaan barat karena memberikan hasil yang menyedihkan.Ia juga merasa cemas
terhadap ekonomi dewasa ini yang dikuasai oleh nafsu kapitalisme diatas
norma-norma yang hakiki. Islam tidak mengabaikan fakta-fakta ini dan siap
mengantisipasi kebudayaan barat , khususnya system ekonominya. Caranya adalah
dengan memasukkan nilai etika ke dalam ekonomi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 2.0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 70.9pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Menurut J. Perth ,
kombinasi antara ekonomi dan etika ini bukanlah hal yang baru dalam islam.
Sejak semula islam tidak mengenal pemisahan jasmani dan rohani. Di dalam
sejarah islam, kita menemukan praktek-praktek bisnis yang menggabungkan etika
dan ekonomi , terutama ketika islam benar-benar dijadikan pedoman utama dalam
kehidupan sehari-hari.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;III. PENUTUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 14.2pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Etika dan adab adalah kata
yang tidak asing untuk di dengar. Dimanapun kita berada kita dituntut untuk
mempunyai etika dan beradab, termasuk juga ketika kita sedang melakukan
kegiatan transaksi atau berekonomi. Islam mengajarkan kita untuk beretika dan beradab
agar kita menjadi insan yang mulia dimata allah dan dilancarkan segala urusan
baik di dunia maupun di akhirat, di dalam Al-quran dan Hadits sudah banyak
dijelaskan mengenai etika dan adab ini, tinggal cara kita mengimplementasikan
dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Ada beberapa larangan yang harus kita hindari
seperti ketidak jujuran akan sesuatu, atau bahkan mengambil untung besar tanpa
memikirkan dampaknya, dan masih banyak lagi. Banyak orang tidak mengindahkan
nilai-nila etika dan adab ini, dan itu mencerminkan tipisnya keimanan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 35.45pt; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Etika ekonomi adalah
standar-standar nilai yang menjadi pedoman atau acuan manajer dan segenap
karyawan dalam pengambilan keputusan dan mengoperasikan ekonomi yang etik. Paradigma
etika dan ekonomi adalah dunia yang berbeda sudah saatnya dirubah menjadi
paradigma etika terkait dengan ekonomi atau mensinergikan antara etika dengan
laba. Justru di era kompetisi yang ketat ini, reputasi perusahaan yang baik
yang dilandasi oleh etika ekonomi merupakan sebuah competitive advantage yang
sulit ditiru. Oleh karena itu, perilaku etik penting diperlukan untuk mencapai
sukses jangka panjang dalam sebuah bisnis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;Ahmad, Mustaq&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;.2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;Etika Bisnis dalam Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;.Jakarta: Pustaka
Al-Kautsar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Baswir, Revrisond. 2006&lt;i&gt;. Etika Ekonomi
Dalam Kompas Senin&lt;/i&gt;.Jakarta: PT Gramedia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify; text-indent: -36.0pt;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;Nawawi, Ismail.2009.&lt;i&gt;Ekonomi
Kelembagaan Syariah Dalam Pusaran Perekonomian Global Sebuah Tuntutan dan
Realitas.&lt;/i&gt;Surabaya; CV. Putra Media Nusantara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 150%; margin-left: 0cm; mso-add-space: auto; tab-stops: 42.55pt 92.15pt; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; line-height: 150%;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Qardawi, Yusuf.1997. &lt;i&gt;Norma Dan Etika Ekonomi Islam&lt;/i&gt;.Jakarta;
Gema Insan Press.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;mso-element: footnote-list;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref1&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn1;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;Qardawi,
Yusuf.1997. &lt;i&gt;Norma Dan Etika Ekonomi Islam&lt;/i&gt;.Jakarta; Gema Insan Press&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref2&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn2;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Nawawi,
Ismail.2009.&lt;i&gt;Ekonomi Kelembagaan Syariah Dalam Pusaran Perekonomian Global
Sebuah Tuntutan dan Realitas.&lt;/i&gt;Surabaya; CV. Putra Media Nusantara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;background: white; line-height: 13.5pt; text-align: justify; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref3&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn3;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;calibri&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 11.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt; &lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;Ahmad, Mustaq&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;.2001.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;Etika Bisnis dalam Islam&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;IN&quot; style=&quot;border: none 1.0pt; font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 12.0pt; padding: 0cm;&quot;&gt;.Jakarta: Pustaka Al-Kautsar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #666666; font-family: &amp;quot;verdana&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 9.0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div id=&quot;ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-element: footnote;&quot;&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoFootnoteText&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;https://draft.blogger.com/blogger.g?blogID=6675307047264853244#_ftnref4&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4&quot; style=&quot;mso-footnote-id: ftn4;&quot; title=&quot;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-special-character: footnote;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;MsoFootnoteReference&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 10.0pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;times new roman&amp;quot; , &amp;quot;serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: major-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: major-bidi;&quot;&gt; Baswir,
Revrisond. 2006&lt;i&gt;. Etika Ekonomi Dalam Kompas Senin&lt;/i&gt;.Jakarta: PT Gramedia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/1349417583305456521/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/1349417583305456521?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1349417583305456521'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1349417583305456521'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/11/ayat-dan-hadits-ekonomi-tentang-etika.html' title='Bisnis dalam Persepektif Islam'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-1881717495205063631</id><published>2014-11-04T09:27:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2015-01-06T10:27:47.614+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Bisnis Dalam Islam</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
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&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://drive.google.com/file/d/0Byrkr3_nL9a6a3FWeE9BT3NRR2s/view?usp=sharing&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;PPT BISNIS DALAM ISLAM&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/1881717495205063631/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/1881717495205063631?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1881717495205063631'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1881717495205063631'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/11/bisnis-dalam-islam.html' title='Bisnis Dalam Islam'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEizrGJhdO9ul0orah5RWWuupVdrfwdaonKWA5RpqCwz7-0Ogg9acIhNtv6qXe8YqbhfPfPkRCUrppVC6go4UFlM3-7AgFvEbStGcy5uIG8jHea3ishtwC820YUM9muk7ldZg5MsTdSLoQrx/s72-c/bisnis+islam.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-8766623407979560027</id><published>2014-07-08T14:02:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2014-07-08T14:19:38.940+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="artikel umum"/><title type='text'>Golongan Darah (fakta atu Mitos...?)</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/a?source=feed_text&amp;amp;story_id=685445588170182&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;&lt;img title=&quot;BeTZz0RCQAEKj5D.jpg large&quot; style=&quot;border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; float: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border-top-width: 0px; margin-right: 0px&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;BeTZz0RCQAEKj5D.jpg large&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; src=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2kW_pLzExxo/U7uXb2GrnoI/AAAAAAAAAuY/sow-WMPj2Zk/BeTZz0RCQAEKj5D.jpg%252520large%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;244&quot; height=&quot;124&quot; /&gt;‪#‎A‬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt; itu jarang kepo, santai tapi diem diem aktif&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A suka kasar kalau becanda. tapi emang refleks-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;  &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;   &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu kalau niat, pasti di jalanin. kalau gak? ya, jambanin/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Meski hidup #A gak teratur2 banget, tapi mereka cenderung punya cara tersendiri saat ngatur segala keperluannya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Eh #A, masih belum bisa move on?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Pagi #A, A mah mau pulang jam berapa juga besoknya juga pasti bangun pagi. paling kalau udah cape banget yaa gak bakal kaya gitu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu jagonya jaga image&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Punya tugas jangan ditunda        &lt;br /&gt;Makin ditunda makin berbaris         &lt;br /&gt;GolDar #A punya cara pikir beda         &lt;br /&gt;Kadang2 mikirnya berlapis/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Sabar itu udah jadi nafasnya #A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Katanya, #A itu gengsian banget. apalagi kalau urusan minta maaf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu kalau cape mau tidur tapi susah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu sangking pendiem nya, kalau lagi sakit aja gak pernah ngeluh kesiapa2.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Bagi #A, libur sekolah = libur mandi/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Keharmonisan dan keamanan adalah tujuan utama hidup si GolDar #A&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu cuek diluar perhatian didalam. gengsinya kegedean soalnya/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu kalau di kelas suka duduk deket dinding dan gak di depan-depan banget. Bener?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;·        &lt;br /&gt;#A itu pas lagi konsentrasi gak bisa di ganggu, ke ganggu dikit aja, udah buyar semua&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu pendiam, pemalu, penyendiri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu suka hal yang berbau unik, dan A itu cenderung suka terlihat beda&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu kalau marah direncanain. eh tapi, pas udah ketemu orangnya malah gak bisa marahinnya-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Katanya, #A itu gak suka sama orang yang gak tepat waktu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu kuat mempertahankan rahasia/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu sulit mempercayai orang lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu paling tidak suka diatur apalagi dipermainkan. A sangatlah setia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#A itu sekalinya diem ya diem, sekalinya gila ya gila sampe malumaluin/?        &lt;br /&gt;Makanan yang harus dijauhi GolDar ?#?A?: udang, lobster, susu, daging, keju, minuman bersoda dan sayur pare&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dikonsumsi GolDar A: minyak zaitun, tempe, tahu, sayur brokoli/bayam, buncis, wortel, pokoknya vegetable dah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;------------------------ golongan darah B ------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dijauhi GolDar &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://www.facebook.com/hashtag/b?source=feed_text&amp;amp;story_id=685445588170182&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;‪#‎B‬&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;: telur puyuh, minuman bersoda, jagung, roti gandum, tomat, kacang tanah, belimbing, daging, lobster Makanan yang harus dikonsumsi B: susu, bubur, keju, sayur brokoli, kembang kol, wortel, teh hijau, daging, ikan dari laut&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;GolDar #B ketika bertemu dengan orang yang ia sukai, tanpa emosi, segera cuek dan malah bergaya (salting)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu cenderung keras sama orang lain tapi tidak untuk diri sendiri Urusan waktu,        &lt;br /&gt;#B paling cuek. mereka seperti punya aturan sendiri. meski dalam hati sudah berniat untuk selalu disiplin         &lt;br /&gt;Bagi #B, penampilan itu ya gini ini. suka gak suka, this is me. apa adanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu hobi ngebully orang sampe si korban sering jengkel sama dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B paling suka tantangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu cuek banget gak suka mikirn ini itu, tapi sekalinya sakit hati gak bisa lupa / susah sembuhnya Kebiasaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;dari #B: menikmati kesendirian, tapi gampang emosi dan kurang suka basa-basi Eh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B, masih sering ngisengin orang?        &lt;br /&gt;Kamu pasti #B ya? | Kok tau? | Karna kamu itu energik, spontan tapi kadang ceroboh nak&amp;quot;-- Kalau         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu justru paling alergi sama aturan yang terlalu kaku &amp;amp; mengikat. Bener kan? pasti bener         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau marah suka gak kekontrol, tapi cepet ngelupain. padahal lawannya masih sakit hati-_-         &lt;br /&gt;#B cuek diem2 care. dingin diem2 sayang/?         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu suka gengsi nyatain isi hatinya. kadang mau bilang ini yang keluar malah itu         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau udah sayang pasti bakal perhatian banget, sampe dikatain bawel sama pasangannya Kebebasan itu udah jadi nafasnya         &lt;br /&gt;#B Kalau ortu beri nasihat Pahami maksudnya, jangan dengar marahnya GolDar         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu bukan nekat Mereka pasti tahu konsekuensinya         &lt;br /&gt;#B pacar aja bisa di cuekin, gimana mantan?! jadi yang jadi mantannya B sabar aja yaa         &lt;br /&gt;Pagi #B, ayo bangunnya jangan di biasaain siang #B ngalong karena besok libur/?         &lt;br /&gt;#B gitu ya, suka jailin orang.. tapi untungnya kamu friendly kita maapin deh         &lt;br /&gt;#B &amp;quot;Hidup itu untuk berpetualang&amp;quot;         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau ngomong suka bikin orang tersinggung tanpa bermaksud nyinggung/?         &lt;br /&gt;Hey #B, sama temen juga cuek?         &lt;br /&gt;Ciyeee #B yang cueknya kelewatan tapi diam2 perhatian ciyeee Ibarat musim panas,         &lt;br /&gt;#B paling menggebu-gebu kalau ada &amp;quot;somethingnya&amp;quot;, tapi ya gitu kadang kelamaan datengnya #B itu gampang menggebu-gebu sama sesuatu, gampang bosen juga         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kadang sering dikira ember, padahal gak-_-         &lt;br /&gt;Katanya, #B itu demen ngegosip tapi benci digosipin-_-         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau dinasehatin reaksinya &amp;quot;oh iya iya&amp;quot; tapi sebenernya masuk telinga kanan keluar telinga kiri/? #B itu mudah marah, tersingung, suka ngeyel kalau dinasehati         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu pedes omongannya, tapi kadang ada benernya Gaya pakaian         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu simpel tapi keliatan wow/?         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau lagi jatuh cinta, marah, berbunga-bunga, dsb. itu mudah ketebak dari raut mukanya         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu suka bikin orang seneng dan ketawa walaupun terkadang kondisi dia sendiri lagi ngedown         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau diajak curhat ngasih nasehatnya sok bijak, padahal gak ngerti sama maksud omongannya sendiri-_-         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau galau butuh banget temen curhat         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu rata2 cepet nyambung sama pelajaran. tapi, gampang cepet lupa karena males mempelajarinya kembali         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu bukan males, tapi dia punya cara sendiri buat selesain pekerjaannya/?         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu kalau di kelas paling suka duduk agak ke tengah. Bener? Hey         &lt;br /&gt;#B, masih suka cuek?         &lt;br /&gt;#B &amp;quot;To me, doing is the best planning&amp;quot; Katanya,         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu sifatnya pendendam. tapi, gak pernah kesampaian dendamnya         &lt;br /&gt;#B itu suka ngelanggar aturan, berjiwa bebas gak         &lt;br /&gt;suka dikekang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu sebenernya ramah, cuman mukanya B itu flat makanya disangka judes/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu kalau disuruh pasti ujung2nya lupa terus banyak alasan pula-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#B itu paling gampang bikin pasangannya cemburu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;------------------------- golongan darah O ---------------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dijauhi GolDar #O: cumi2, gurita, kerang, telur puyuh, yogurt, minyak kelapa, susu sapi, es krim, jagung&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dikonsumsi O: daun selada, sayur brokoli, rumput laut, buah bluberry, buah ceri, kacang polong, jahe, daging        &lt;br /&gt;GolDar #O ketika bertemu dengan orang yang ia sukai, bingung, dan tidak tau harus berbuat apa&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu cenderung keras sama diri sendiri tapi tidak untuk orang lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Urusan waktu, #O paling gak bisa yang namanya menunggu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Bagi #O, penampilan itu... apa saja. asal gak kaku dan bisa bikin percaya diri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu curhatnya biasanya sama #AB, walaupun ujung2nya malah diceramahin AB, tapi O justru suka kritikan yg membangun&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O selalu ingin jadi yang terdepan, tingkat percaya diri tinggi, tapi gampang menyerah kalau sudah gagal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu sering dijadiin pemimpin        &lt;br /&gt;Kebiasaan dari #O: keras kepala, pingin punya teman baik yg banyak, gak terlalu suka sama tekanan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Eh #O, masih sering galau gara2 masalah?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Kamu #O ya? | Kok tau? | Karna kamu itu suka humor, seneng diskusi &amp;amp; ternyata romantis juga        &lt;br /&gt;Hidup #O itu kental banget sama prinsip. bahkan hal sepelepun itu harus ada aturan mainnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu suka merugikan diri sendiri demi hanya 1 orang yang penting di hidupnya. abis itu nyesel sendiri dianya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau lagi marah kadang orang yang gak bersalah kena getahnya juga-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu tingkat kelabilannya paling tinggi, perasaannya juga suka berubah-ubah kayak bunglon/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu paling sering di kecewain temen deketnya. padahal O sering banget mengalah        &lt;br /&gt;Senyum itu udah jadi nafasnya #O&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Punya teman harus diingat        &lt;br /&gt;Jangan ingat cuman pas ada maunya         &lt;br /&gt;GolDar #O bukan tipe penjilat         &lt;br /&gt;Nggak suka, bilang apa adanya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O di hubungin mantan lagi yaa? awas cinta lama balik lagi loh/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Pagi #O, O itu pulang pagi, besoknya berangkat lagi. kalau kesiangan ya paling gak masuk dianya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu ngalong karena moodnya lagi bagus        &lt;br /&gt;#O itu memangnya egois?? kamu gak liat apa? mereka itu pedulian lohh         &lt;br /&gt;#O &amp;quot;Hidup untuk membuat semuanya menjadi bahagia&amp;quot;         &lt;br /&gt;#O itu kalau udah males bikin tugas, bakal ditinggalin deh itu tugas. tapi, pas mau dikumpul, dia langsung gunain the power of kepepet/? wkwk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Hey #O, kamu itu setia kawan banget, cuma gampang dikibulin?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Ciyeee #O yang demen makan tapi gak gendut2 ciyeee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Ibarat tawon, #O gak bakal nyerang kalo dia gak kepepet/?        &lt;br /&gt;\#O itu kalau bawelnya lagi kumat, orang2 di sekitarnya pasti bilang &amp;quot;ini anak ngomong apa sih, gak jelas masa-_-&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau udah marah bawaannya pasti diem, dan mau ngomong lagi kalau keadaan hatinya udah stabil&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu orangnya dewasa, berpikir panjang, dan paling bisa mengerti apa yang sedang orang lain rasakan. bener kan?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu egois tingkat dewa, tapi kadang bisa jadi peduli banget sama orang lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau lagi nangis gak butuh di hibur, dia hanya perlu di tinggal sendiri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O paling sering ngertiin orang lain, tapi gak pernah dingertiin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau udah sama kelompoknya, lebaynya gak ketulungan dan jadi moodboster buat yang lainnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu tetep baik sama orang yang ngejahatin dia&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau suka sama orang sulit dipendem. tapi, kalau cemburu jago banget nyembunyiinnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu suka yang namanya adu mulut, bentak-bentak orang. tapi, setelah itu dia bakal ngerasa bersalah terus nangis-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau lagi jutek, jangan dijutekin balik. itu kode supaya di baikin/manjain/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu suka ngedumel didalem hati&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu gak bisa frontal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau lagi di kelas bawaannya gak bisa diem. Bener?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Hey #O, masih suka nyeletuk?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O &amp;quot;To me, trust is everything&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu suka canggung kalau ngomong sama orang yang disuka. bahkan kadang sampe mau ngomong tapi mulutnya O gak bisa gerak/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kadang garing, kadang lawak. tapi kebanyakan lawaknya/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Katanya, #O itu kalau ada temen minta traktir pasti bakal di traktir. tapi, kalau saudara minta traktir, kadang O pelit&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu kalau nasehatin orang kata2nya bijak banget&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#O itu pinter banget nyembunyiin masalahnya seolah2 gak ada apa2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;----------------- golongan darah AB ---------------------------&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dijauhi GolDar #AB: lobster, kepiting, daging, ayam, es krim, saus tomat, jagung, minuman bersoda, pisang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Makanan yang harus dikonsumsi AB: susu kambing, putih telur, ikan tuna, daging, keju, buah anggur merah        &lt;br /&gt;GolDar #AB ketika bertemu dengan orang yang ia sukai selalu jatuh tiap bertemu. semacam salting juga mungkin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu ingin membuat nyaman orang lain dan dirinya sendiri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Urusan waktu, #AB bisa dibilang paling disiplin dibanding tipe darah lain, walau kadang deadline-deadline juga&amp;quot;--&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Bagi #AB, setiap poin pada penampilan itu ada maksudnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kalau lagi bertindak gaje, tandanya minta diperhatiin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kadang atau biasanya suka curhat sama peliharaannya, kadang dianggap gila&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Kalau #AB menghilang orang pertama yg merindukannya adalah #B&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Kebiasaan dari #AB: tenang, gak terlalu suka perintah langsung yg mendikte&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Eh #AB, masih sering berpikiran buruk dan negatip?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Kamu pasti #AB ya? | Kok tau mak? | Karna kamu itu unik, serius tapi kadang ngeyel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu paling banyak tanya kalau ada aturan. knp harus gini? gitu? ini buat apa ya? kalau gak gitu terus kenapa? dsb.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu sekalinya ceria, cerianya kelewat batas. sekalinya murung, orang gak berani deket-deket&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu suka menjawab pertanyaan dengan pertanyaan/?        &lt;br /&gt;Kadang sulit bagi #AB untuk ngejelasin sesuatu ke orang lain karna dia punya cara pandang tersendiri yg orang lain gak ngerti&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu penyendiri dan memang punya dunia sendiri&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Rasional itu udah jadi nafasnya #AB        &lt;br /&gt;Menabung itu buat bekal         &lt;br /&gt;Irit2 gedein saldo         &lt;br /&gt;Jadi #AB jangan terlalu jual mahal         &lt;br /&gt;Nanti repot sendiri loh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB jangan cemburu lagi yaa. mantannya dia emang cuma mau ngehancurin hubungan kalian doang, udah diemin aja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Pagi #AB, AB mah kebiasaan bilangnya sekolah/kuliah/kerja, eh tau2nya malah pergi kemana2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu ngalong karena kebiasaan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu ternyata diam-diam suka merhatiin temennya. ternyata mereka gak tertutup banget ya.. kamunya aja yang gak liat-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB &amp;quot;Hidup untuk mencapai mimpi, dan mimpi didapat ketika tidur/?&amp;quot;        &lt;br /&gt;#AB itu kalau libur biasanya dihabisin sama tidur         &lt;br /&gt;Hey #AB, pemikiranmu Abstrak apa gak?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Ciyeee #AB yang katanya susah di pahami sama goldar lain ciyeee&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Ibarat pemilu, #AB rela ngelakuin apa aja demi kepentingan pribadinya/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu unik bukan aneh, jalan pikirannya gak gampang ditebak goldar lain&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu gak gampang badmood, tapi sekalinya badmood bisa kacau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu gak gampang deket sama orang lain, butuh proses/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu nyebelin tapi ngangenin/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu seseorang yg mudah sakit hati dan cemburuan. tapi, semuanya dipendam dulu aja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Katanya, kadang #AB itu ide nya gak ada yang masuk akal. terus imajinasinya juga mistis2/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB lumayan rentan terhadap stres, karena mereka termasuk tipe &amp;quot;pemikir&amp;quot;. Dan salah satu cara menghilangkan stres adalah &amp;quot;TIDUR&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu peka kalo dibohongi, tapi kalau keseringan dibohongi sama orang yang sama, dia udah kebal/biasa. Dan setelah AB biasa dibohongi, dia lebih milih diem &amp;amp; ngikutin alur kebohongan itu&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Dinginnya #AB itu simple, cukup bilang &amp;quot;oh&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kalau ngekritik pedes dan langsung nusuk-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kalau jalan perginya pagi, pulangnya malem mulu. istirahatnya kapan? ngedrop lagi ntar rewel deh-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB &amp;quot;kamu bahagia yaa sama dia &amp;quot; sebenernya pas AB ngomong itu, hatinya hancur seperti butiran rengginang/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu lebih suka jadi tempat curhat dari pada jadi orang yang curhat/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kalau lagi di kelas senang mojok dan ngamatin yang lain. Bener?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Hey #AB, masih suka jaim?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB &amp;quot;To me, nothing is impossible&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu kadang ngerasa dirinya gak penting. padahal penting bagi orang lain/?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu aneh, lumayan pelupa, suka tidur-_-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB itu ketika liat semua orang ngakak, dia cuma liatin temen-temennya sambil ngomong &amp;quot;apa yang lucu?&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;Kata andalan #AB kalau ada yang curhat &amp;quot;sabar ya&amp;quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;#AB gampang bikin senyum tapi paling susah dibikin senyum&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div align=&quot;left&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;sumber: FP golongan darah RP.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/8766623407979560027/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/8766623407979560027?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/8766623407979560027'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/8766623407979560027'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/07/a-itu-jarang-kepo-santai-tapi-diem-diem.html' title='Golongan Darah (fakta atu Mitos...?)'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-2kW_pLzExxo/U7uXb2GrnoI/AAAAAAAAAuY/sow-WMPj2Zk/s72-c/BeTZz0RCQAEKj5D.jpg%252520large%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-4830240836338927006</id><published>2014-06-04T20:06:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2014-06-17T13:20:29.594+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renungan umum"/><title type='text'>Jangan Sampai Amalanmu Keruk oleh kata &amp;quot;Saya lebih baik dari dia&amp;quot;</title><content type='html'>&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;   &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;text-align: justify; clear: both&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot; face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh5.ggpht.com/-o5AjSON0ZvM/U48cuQns4II/AAAAAAAAAsc/nwx4H7PAI-I/s1600-h/sombong%25255B10%25255D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img title=&quot;sombong&quot; style=&quot;border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; float: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; border-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;sombong&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; src=&quot;http://lh4.ggpht.com/-tjUEmz06sgw/U48cvivqkII/AAAAAAAAAsk/D0gmS7pZNk4/sombong_thumb%25255B7%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;179&quot; height=&quot;244&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;Sombong, barangkali sama tuanya dengan peradaban manusia. Iblis dikutuk dan dikeluarkan dari surga juga lantaran sombong. Ia menolak bersujud kepada Adam as, manusia pertama, karena merasa dirinya lebih baik.          &lt;br /&gt;          &lt;br /&gt;Allah berfirman: &#39;Hai iblis, apakah yang menghalangi kamu sujud kepada yang telah Ku-ciptakan dengan kedua tangan-Ku. Apakah kamu menyombongkan diri ataukah kamu (merasa) termasuk orang-orang (yang) lebih tinggi?&#39; Iblis berkata: &#39;Aku lebih baik daripadanya, karena engkau ciptakan aku dari api, sedangkan dia Engkau ciptakan dari tanah&#39;. (Shaad: 75-76).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;    &lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small&quot;&gt;       &lt;br /&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;font face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&amp;quot;Ana khoirun minhu (Saya lebih baik dari dia),&amp;quot; kata Iblis. Merasa diri lebih baik dari pada yang lain itulah sombong. Dan akibat sombong, iblis dikutuk.           &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Allah berfirman: &amp;quot;Maka keluarlah kamu dari surga, sesungguhnya kamu adalah orang-orang yang terkutuk, sesungguhnya kutukan-Ku tetap atasmu sampai hari pembalasan.&amp;quot; (Shaad: 77-78).            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Kita berlindung kapada Allah dari perbuatan sombong, baik dalam bentuk sifat, sikap maupun perilaku, karena ia dapat menjadi penghalang masuk jannah. Rasulullah saw bersabda, &amp;quot;Tidak akan masuk jannah seseorang yang terdapat dalam hatinya sifat sombong (kibr) meskipun hanya sebesar biji sawi.&amp;quot; (HR Muslim).            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Berhati-hatilah kita, karena sifat, sikap, dan perilaku merasa lebih baik, lebih mulia bisa menimpa siapa saja. Seorang tokoh yang memiliki pengikut banyak, reputasi yang luas juga berpotensi untuk menyombongkan diri lantaran ketokohannya dan pengikutnya yang banyak. Seorang yang memiliki tubuh kuat, atletis, jawara, kadang tergoda memamerkan bentuk tubuhya, disamping tidak jarang gampang terpancing perkelahian, dalam urusan kecil sekalipun, hanya lantaran merasa dirinya pendekar. Seorang rupawan juga kadang tergoda untuk membanggakan kecantikannya dan meremehkan yang tidak seganteng dan secantik dirinya, bahkan sampai mencacat bentuk fisik orang lain. Seorang hartawan sering tergoda membanggakan pakainnya yang bagus, kendaraannya yang mewah, rumahnya yang mentereng dengan melihat sebelah mata pada kaum alit yang kumal, kotor, kolot dan pinggiran. Seorang pejabat yang kebetulan pangkatnya lebih tinggi kadang merasa lebih baik dari bawahannya. Presiden merasa lebih baik dari menteri, jenderal merasa lebih baik dari kopral, direktur merasa lebih baik dari karyawan dan seterusnya.            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Sifat sombong juga dapat menimpa ahli ibadah. Sosok yang secara dhahir wara&#39;, zuhud, bertahajud setiap hari, berpuasa senin-kamis, rawatibnya tidak pernah tertinggal. Karena salatnya rajin sekali hingga jidatnya hitam. Namun, ternyata ia tergoda untuk menganggap dirinya orang yang paling suci, paling baik, paling takwa. Orang lain dianggap tidak ada apa-apanya dibanding dia.            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Rasa sombong juga dapat menghinggapi ilmuwan. Ilmunya setinggi langit, titelnya profesor doktor, hafal Alquran, dapat berbicara dalam banyak bahasa. Tetapi, ia tidak sabar untuk menahan dirinya merasa lebih baik dari masyarakatnya. Seorang bangsawan, karena merasa berasal dari keturunan yang mulia, aristokrat, darah biru, kadang merasa tidak sepadan jika harus bersanding, bergaul dengan yang bukan bangsawan. Dapat menurunkan derajat, katanya. Tak peduli, yang dinggap sebagai tidak selevel itu sosok berilmu sekalipun. Tak jarang, dalam pergaulan sering juga muncul kalimat yang konotasinya merendahkan, seperti &amp;quot;Hai Irian! Hai Dayak! Hai anak si Anu...!&amp;quot;            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Berhati-hatilah...!            &lt;br /&gt;Kisah Abu Dzar patut kiranya menjadi pelajaran. Suatu ketika beliau sedang marah kepada seorang laki-laki sampai terucap, &amp;quot;Hai anak wanita hitam.&amp;quot; Rasulullah mendengar hal itu, kemudian bersabda, &amp;quot;Wahai Abu Dzar, tidak ada keutamaan bagi kulit putih atas kulit hitam,&amp;quot; (dalam riwayat lain ditambahkan, &amp;quot;melainkan karena takwa&amp;quot;). Mendengar hal itu Abu Dzar sangat menyesal hingga meminta orang tadi untuk menginjak pipinya. (HR Imam Ahmad).            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&amp;quot;Dan janganlah kamu memalingkan mukamu dari manusia (karena sombong), dan janganlah kamu berjalan di muka bumi dengan angkuh. Sesungguhnya Allah tidak menyukai orang-orang yang sombong lagi membanggakan diri.&amp;quot; (Luqman: 18).            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Perihal sombong, Rasulullah mendefinisikan dalam sebuah riwayat, &amp;quot;Kibr (sombong) adalah menolak kebenaran dan meremehkan manusia.&amp;quot; (HR Muslim). Dua kata kuci: menolak kebenaran dan meremehkan manusia, itulah sombong. Ketika ada rasa ingin menonjolkan dan membanggakan diri, ketika hati kita keras menerima nasihat terlebih dari yang lebih yunior, ketika pendapat kita enggan untuk dibantah bahkan tidak jarang dipertahankan dengan dalil yang dipaksakan, ketika kita tersinggung tidak diberi ucapan salam terlebih dahulu, ketika kita berharap tempat khusus dalam sebuah majlis, ketika kita tersinggung titel dan jabatan yang dimiliki tidak disebut, maka jangan-jangan virus takabbur telah meracuni diri kita.            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Imam Ghozali mengajari cara mawas diri agar tidak terjebak dalam sikap merasa lebih baik. Ketika kita melihat seseorang yang belum dewasa, kita bisa berkata dalam hati: &amp;quot;Anak ini belum pernah berbuat maksiat, sedangkan aku tak terbilang dosa yang telah kulakukan, maka jelas anak ini lebih baik dariku.&amp;quot; Ketika kita melihat orang tua, &amp;quot;Orang ini telah beramal banyak sebelum aku berbuat apa-apa, maka sudah semestinya ia lebih baik dariku.&amp;quot; Ketika kita melihat seorang &#39;alim, &amp;quot;Orang ini telah dianugerahi ilmu yang tiada kumiliki, ia juga berjasa telah mengajarkan ilmunya. Mengapa aku masih juga memandang ia bodoh, bukankah seharusnya aku bertanya atas yang perlu kuketahui?&amp;quot; Ketika kita melihat orang bodoh, &amp;quot;Orang ini berbuat dosa karena kebodohannya, sedangkan aku? aku melakukannya dengan kesadaran bahwa hal itu maksiat. Betapa besar tanggung jawabku kelak.            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;Lantas, atas dasar apa kita membanggakan diri? Bukankah dunia ini bersifat fana? Bukankah kekayaan, pangkat, kecantikan, keturunan, pengikut, dan ilmu merupakan anugerah Allah yang bersifat sementara? tidak permanen? dan dapat dicabut sewaktu-waktu jika Allah mengendaki? Lagi pula, bukankah yang dilihat oleh Allah adalah ketakwaan seorang hamba? dan bukan kekayaan, pangkat, fisik, keturunan? Maka adalah aneh sikap anak manusia yang merasa ana khairun minhu.            &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;b&gt;Al-Islam - Pusat Informasi dan Komunikasi Islam Indonesia&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt; &lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot; face=&quot;Arial&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/4830240836338927006/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/4830240836338927006?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/4830240836338927006'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/4830240836338927006'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/06/jangan-sampai-amalanmu-keruk-oleh-kata.html' title='Jangan Sampai Amalanmu Keruk oleh kata &amp;quot;Saya lebih baik dari dia&amp;quot;'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh4.ggpht.com/-tjUEmz06sgw/U48cvivqkII/AAAAAAAAAsk/D0gmS7pZNk4/s72-c/sombong_thumb%25255B7%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-482746623417299691</id><published>2014-05-26T19:58:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2014-08-20T22:23:01.683+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Umum"/><title type='text'>Produksi</title><content type='html'>&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-LoMYiN2rQ0E/U4M6TI2rFgI/AAAAAAAAArc/PFIBOok-o5M/s1600-h/bioprinter-new.jpg%252520w%25253D580%252526h%25253D1024%25255B10%25255D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;bioprinter-new.jpg w=580&amp;amp;h=1024&quot; src=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-y_m2-UA7Uz0/U4M6V_3ortI/AAAAAAAAArk/xbwkruH_FcQ/bioprinter-new.jpg%252520w%25253D580%252526h%25253D1024_thumb%25255B8%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;211&quot; style=&quot;display: inline;&quot; title=&quot;bioprinter-new.jpg w=580&amp;amp;h=1024&quot; width=&quot;209&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Makalah ini disusun untuk menyelesaikan tugas Pengantar Bisnis&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dibimbing oleh:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Imamul Hakim, SE, M.sh&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Disusun oleh:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tk. Umar Johan&amp;nbsp; 201310510311020&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Ekonomi Syariah/FAI/UMM&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A.Latar Belakang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dalam perekonomian, kegitan sebuah perusahaan maupun sejenisnya yang menghasilkan suatu barang bernilai jual, kegiatan itu tidak luput dari yang namanya produksi, Produksi merupakan salah satu kegiatan ekonomi dalam masyarakat atau suatu negara yang dihitung dalam waktu tertentu. Dimana kegiatan produksi tergantung pada kebutuhan dan kebiasaan perhitungan produksi dan pendapatan suatu negara. Dalam aspek ekonomi, kegiatan produksi selalu di dorong oleh motif ekonomi dan prinsip ekonomi agar keseluruhan kegiatan itu tidak percuma, ada sasarannya, tujuan serta harapannya, sehingga dapat menghasilkan sesuatu barang dan jasa secara optimal. Secara matematis produksi merupakan proses penggabungan atau pengkombinasian faktor produksi (input) yang mengubahnya menjadi barang atau jasa (output=product).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftn1_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; Secara garis besar, produksi adalah kegiatan yang berkenaan dengan usaha meningkatkan nilai guna suatu barang dan jasa. langkah pertama kegiatan produksi itu adalah menghimpun faktor produksi yang berasal dari masyarakat melalui kegiatan distribusi setelah terhimpun maka produksi itu dikelola menjadi hasil produksi. Dalam Islam dijelaskan oleh Allah SWT, tentang hikmat-hikmat yang diberikan berupa kebutuhan kepada manusia .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;B. Rumusan Masalah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Rumusan permasalahan mengenai produksi dapat kami rangkum dibawah ini, yang nantinya dapat mempermudah pembaca mengenai isi makalah, rumusan permasalahannya yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1. Apa pengertian produksi ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2. Apa fungsi produksi ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3. Bagaimana desain produk ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4. Bagaimana perencanaan kapasitas produksi ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;5. Bagaimana desain pabrik ?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;C.Tujuan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Tujuan dari penulisan makalah ini yaitu, agar nantinya kita yang ingin menjadi seorang pembisnis ataupun yang hanya ingin menambah ilmu saja, dapat lebih mudah mengetahui apa itu produksi maupun mengenai desain serta perencanaan kapasitas produksi dan bagaimana desain pabrik itu. Karena bagi seorang yang mempunyai bisnis tidak asing lagi baginya yang namanya pruduksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A. Pengertian Produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Produksi adalah kegiatan menghasilkan atau menambah nilai guna barang atau jasa untuk memenuhi kebutuhan manusia. Produksi dapat dilakukan secara perseorangan (individu) maupun berkelompok. Orang atau pihak yang menghasilkan barang disebut produsen. Hasil produksi berupa barang atau jasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dalam sebuah hadis yang menyinggung tentang produksi yaitu: “Dari Abu Abdullah Az-Zubair bin Al-‘Awwam r.a., ia berkata&lt;i&gt; :Demi seorang di antara kalian mengambil tali kemudian mengikat kayu-kayu itu, lalu membawa di atas punggungnya, lalu menjualnya, kemudian Allah memelihara orang tersebut dengan perbuatannya, itu lebih baik daripada dia meminta-minta pada orang lain. Baik orang lain itu memberinya atau tidak”.&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftn2_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[2]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dalam ekonomi, produksi dapat diartikan sebagai proses pemaduan bahan mentah, tenaga kerja, dan peralatan manufaktur menjadi sebuah barang atau jasa akhir yang dapat bernilai jual.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;B. Fungsi Produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Sebuah perusahaan harus mengetahui fungsi produk yang akan di produksi nantinya. Karena, dengan demikian secara tidak langsung perusahaan itu suda dapat memperhitungkan laba dan manfaat dari produksinya itu. Secara umum, produksi mempunyai fungsi sebagai berikut:&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1). Menghasilkan barang dan jasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2). Memenuhi kebutuhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3). Mendapatkan keuntungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4). Mampu meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;C. Desain Produk &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Desain produk dapat didefinisikan sebagai generasi ide, pengembangan konsep, pengujian dan pelaksanaan manufaktur (objek fisik) atau jasa. Desainer produk konsep dan mengevaluasi ide-ide, membuat mereka nyata melalui produk dalam pendekatan yang lebih sistematis. Peran seorang desainer produk meliputi berbagai karakteristik manajer pemasaran, manajer produk, industri dan desain insinyur perancang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pedoman kerja yang harus menjadi arah kerja bagi desain produksi dapat dirumuskan dalam 4 hal yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;table cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;         &lt;td&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Gambar 1.1 Pedoman kerja desain produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;       &lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dimana fungsi desain produk ?, pertanyaan ini sangat penting karena menyangkut tanggung jawab terhadap desain dan pengembangan produk. Pada umumnya fungsi desain produk dapat di jumpai dalam:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1) . Bagian pemasaran, karena bagian pemasaran merupakan satu-satunya sumber informasi yang lengkap mengenai kebutuhan dan selera konsumen atau karena bagian pemasaran mewakili pelanggan secara efektif dalam organisasi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2) . Bagian operasi, karena spesifikasi yang telah di tetapkan bagian pemasaran perlu untuk di laksanakan secepat dan seekonomis mungkin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3) . Bagian unit independen, bagian ini bertanggung jawab terhadap desain dan dapat lebih efektif dan dianggap yang terbaik, karena produk dapat mendahului pasar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;D. Perencanaan Kapasitas Produksi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas produksi ditentukan oleh kapasitas sumberdaya yang dimiliki seperti:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas modal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas mesin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas tenaga kerja&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas bahan baku&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas pasar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftn3_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kapasitas produksi juga berkaitan erat dengan skedul atau jadwal produksi yang tertuang dalam jadwal produksi induk (master production shedule), karena jadwal produksi induk mencerminkan apa dan berapa yang harus di produksi dalam jangka waktu tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1. Perencanaan Kapasitas Jangka Pendek&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Perencanaan kapasitas jangka pendek digunakan untuk menangani secara ekonomis hal-hal yang bersifat mendadak di masa yang akan datang, misalnya untuk memenuhi permintaan yang bersifat mendadak atau seketika dalam jangka waktu pendek. Menghadapi kondisi di atas jika kapasitas produksi tidak mampu memenuhi maka perusahaan dapat melakukan sub-kontrak kepada perusahaan lain pada saat terjadi lonjakan jumlah permintaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jika perusahaan ingin meningkatkan kapasitas produksi jangka pendek maka ada empat cara yang dapat di lakukan yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1) . Meningkatkan jumlah sumber daya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2) . Memperbaiki penggunaan sumber daya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3) . Memodifikasi produk.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4) . Memperbaiki permintaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2. Perencanaan Kapasitas Jangka Panjang&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Perencanaan kapasitas jangka panjang merupakan strategi operasi dalam menghadapi segala kemungkinan yang akan terjadi dan sudah dapat diperkirakan sebelumnya. (dari hasil peramalan).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tujuan utamanya adalah perusahaan dapat menentukan jumlah produksi yang dapat menghasilkan biaya minimum dengan memperhatikan antara lain: pola permintaan jangka panjang dan siklus kehidupan produk yang dihasilkan. Untuk mengantisipasi gejolak kapasitas jangka panjang terdapat dua strategi yang dapat ditempuh perusahaan yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1) . Strategi melihat dan menunggu perkembangan (wait and see strstegy).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2) . Strategi ekspansionis, yaitu produksi dengan kapasitas produksi yang selalu melebihi atau diatas volume permintaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;E. Desain Pabrik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Pabrik merupakan pusat pengolahan bahan produksi yang belum jadi dan penyimpanan bahan baku yang akan didistribusikan. Sebuah perusahaan harus memiliki pengelolahan pabrik yang strategis, mesin-mesin dan fasilitas pabrik haruslah disusun serta diatur sedemikian rupa, sehingga dapat menjamin kelancaran proses roduksi. desain pabrik yang dapat kami rangkum sebagai berikut yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1) . Memilih lokasi pabrik atau usaha, karena lokasi usaha sangat cenderung kepada memilih lokasikan yang akan menghasilkan cara yang paling efisien dalam memenuhi kehendak pelanggan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2) . Merancang tata letak pabrik, karena menejer harus memberikan perhatian pada tata letak pabrik, mengatur pusat kerja produksi dan elemen-elemen lainnya yang dibutuhkan untuk proses memproduksi barang atau jasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;PENUTUP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;A. Kesimpulan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dari devinisi makalah diatas penyusun dapat mengambil kesimpulan bahwa seorang manejer yang dibidang produksi harus memperhatikan step by step tentang produksi. Sehingga keseluruhan kegiatan itu tidak percuma, mempunyai sasaran, tujuan serta harapannya, sehingga dapat menghasilkan barang dan jasa secara optimal. Kemudian perusahaan itu dapat menghasilkan produk yang berkualitas dengan kinerja yang efisien. Dalam produksi yang harus diperhatikan yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;1. Fungsi produksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;2. Desain produksi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;3. Perencanaan kapasitas produksi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Perencanaan kapasitas produksi jangka pendek.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Perencanaan kapasitas produksi jangka panjang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;4. Desain pabrik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;
&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Paulson, Edward. 2004. &lt;i&gt;The Complete Ideal’s Guide Starting Your Own business&lt;/i&gt;. Diterjemahkan Oleh Pranada: Jakarta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;W.Griffin, Ricky dan Ronald J. Bert.2007. &lt;i&gt;Businnes,Eight Edition&lt;/i&gt;. Diterjemahkan Oleh Erlangga: Jakarta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Yadie, Ali. 1994. &lt;i&gt;Fiqih Sosias.&lt;/i&gt; Mizan: Bandung.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Soparto. 2006. &lt;i&gt;Ekonomi. &lt;/i&gt;Permata: Jakarta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Gitosudarmo, Indriyo. 2001. &lt;i&gt;Pengantar Bisni Edisi 2. &lt;/i&gt;BPFE: Yokyakarta.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jatmiko, R.D. 2004. &lt;i&gt;Pengantar Bisnis&lt;/i&gt;. UMM Press: Malang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftnref1_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dikutip dari buku Josep Bintang Kalangi, matematika ekonomi dan bisnis edisi 2 buku 1, Jakarta, Salemba Empat: 2011, hlm 120.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftnref2_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; H.R Bukhori&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;
&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE%20SI%20JOHAN/FILE%20Bg%20UJ/FILE%20DI%20UMM%20(DI%20MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH%20EKONOMI%20SYARIA%20UMM/Makalah%20buatan%20ku/produksi/#_ftnref3_5783&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3_5783&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dikutip dari buku, Indriyo Gitosudarmo,&lt;i&gt; Pengantar Bisnis Edisi 2&lt;/i&gt;, Yokyakarta, BPFE: 2001, Hlm 259.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/482746623417299691/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/482746623417299691?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/482746623417299691'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/482746623417299691'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/05/produksi.html' title='Produksi'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-y_m2-UA7Uz0/U4M6V_3ortI/AAAAAAAAArk/xbwkruH_FcQ/s72-c/bioprinter-new.jpg%252520w%25253D580%252526h%25253D1024_thumb%25255B8%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-2576123576118377537</id><published>2014-05-26T19:37:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2014-05-26T20:11:48.380+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Ekonomi Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Pinjaman ‘Ariyah</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-f57lJGolTpE/U4M2H3zguJI/AAAAAAAAArI/eQQXYwQsN74/s1600-h/profit-sharing%25255B4%25255D.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;img title=&quot;profit-sharing&quot; style=&quot;border-top: 0px; border-right: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom: 0px; float: none; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; margin-left: auto; border-left: 0px; display: block; padding-right: 0px; margin-right: auto&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;profit-sharing&quot; src=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NRGQwu4BR0c/U4M2JSmhhYI/AAAAAAAAArQ/VMYoi6bvnNI/profit-sharing_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;193&quot; height=&quot;193&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Makalah ini disusun untuk menyelesaikan tugas Fiqh Mu’amalah&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dibimbing oleh:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Moch. Novi Rifa’i. MA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Disusun oleh:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Tk. Umar Johan&amp;#160;&amp;#160; 201310510311020&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Ekonomi Syariah-FAI-UMM 2013-2014&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;BAB I&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;PENDAHULUAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A. Latar Belakang&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Sudah menjadi kodrat manusia bahwa hidup di dunia ini selalu hidup berkelompok-kelompok, dengan demikian manusia tidak lepas dari yang namanya tolong-menolong, berbagi dan saling melengkapi satu sama lain, karena kita hidup di dunia ini saling membutuhkan. Realita dunia sekarang ini, manusia bekerja siang dan malam untuk mencari kesenangan dan keselarasan hidup. Sudah menjadi lumrah bahwa manusia ingin mendambakan kehidupan yang serba mewah dengan mobil, rumah, memiliki aksesoris yang mahal dan sebagainya. Dengan begitu rata-rata untuk memenuhi kebutuhan itu, masyarakat menengah kebawah bahkan yang menengah keatas sering melakukan pinjaman(&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;) kepada orang atau instansi-instansi tertentu untuk menikmati taraf hidup yang lebih setara seperti yang kami sebutkan tadi. Sebagai umat muslim perlu kiranya kita mengetahui tata cara peminjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;) menurut pandangan Islam. Maka sebab itulah kami sebagai penyusun akan menjelasakan bagaimana konsep pinjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;) itu menurut pandangan islam beserta ruang lingkupnya ?, dengan demikian penyusun berharap pembaca agar lebih mudah memahami makalah mengenai konsep peminjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;), sehingga kita nantinya bisa menerapkan dan tidak bingung lagi bagaimana tata cara penerapan peminjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;) menurut pandangan islam di tengah-tengah masyarakat.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;B. Rumusan Masalah&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Rumusan masaalah konsep pinjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt;) dapat kami rangkum mengenai berikut ini:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;1. Pengertian ‘ariyah.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;2. Dasar hukum ‘ariyah.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;3. Rukun dan syarat ‘ariyah.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;4. Pembayaran pinjaman.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;5. Tata krama berutang.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;BAB II&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;PEMBAHASAN&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A. Pengertian ‘Ariyah&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Secara etimologi, ‘&lt;i&gt;ariyah &lt;/i&gt;adalah أَ لْعَا رِ ىَة di ambil dari kata عَا رَ yang berarti datang dan pergi. Menurut sebagian pendapat, ‘ariyah berasal dari kata &lt;i&gt;“at-ta’awur” &lt;/i&gt;yang sama artinya dengan “saling menukar dan mengganti” yakni dalam tradisi pinjam meminjam.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn1_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref1_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; Sedangkan menurut istilah pinjaman (‘ariyah) adalah memberikan manfaat suatu yang halal kepada orang lain untuk di ambil manfaatnya dengan tidak merusak satnya, agar zat barang itu dapat dikembalikan.&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Tiap-tiap yang mungkin di ambil manfaatya dengan tidak merusakan zat barang itu, boleh di pinjam atau di pinjamkan. Adapun beberapa pendapat mengenai &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;1. Menurut Hanafiyah, &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; ialah: &lt;i&gt;“Memiliki manfaat secara cuma-Cuma.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;2. &lt;/i&gt;Menurut Malikiyah, &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; ialah: “&lt;i&gt;m&lt;/i&gt;&lt;i&gt;emiliki manfaat dalam waktu tertentu dengan tanpa imbalan.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;3. &lt;/i&gt;Menurut Syafi’iyah, &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; iyalah:&lt;i&gt;“Kebolehan mengambil manfaat dari seorang yang membebaskannya, apa yang mungkin untuk dimanfaatkan, serta tetap zat barangnya supaya dapat dikembalikan kepada pemiliknya.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;4. Menurut Hanabilah, &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; ialah:&lt;i&gt; “Kebolehan mengambil manfaat suatu zat barang tanpa imbalan dan peminjam atau yang lainnya.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;5. Ibnu Rif’ah berpendapat, bahwa yang dimaksud dengan &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah&lt;/i&gt; iyalah: &lt;i&gt;“Kebolehan mengambil manfaat suatu barang dengan halal serta zatnya supaya dapat dikembalikan.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;6. Menurut al-mawardi, yang dimaksud dengan &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;ialah: &lt;i&gt;“Memberikan manfaat-manfaat.”&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;7. &lt;i&gt;‘Ariyah &lt;/i&gt;adalah kebolehan mengambil manfaat barang-barang yang diberikan oleh pemiliknya kepada orang lain dengan tanpa ganti.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn2_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref2_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;8. Sedangkan M. Ali Hasan memberi definisi &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;yaitu: &lt;i&gt;“Memilikan manfaat tanpa ganti rugi.”&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn3_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref3_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[3]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;9. MA. Tihami mengemukakan, bahwa ‘ariyah ialah kebolehan mengambil manfaat sesaat terhadap sesuatu yang diizinkan untuk diambil manfaatnya, sedangkan sesuatu benda yang diambil manfaatnya itu tetap utuh keadaanya atau wujud sesuatu itu memang dapat (secara utuh) dikembalikan, kecuali sesuatu yang tidak bisa dikembalikan akibat di ambil manfaatnya itu.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn4_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref4_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Dengan dikemukakannya definisi-definisi menurut para ahli di atas, kiranya dapat dipahami meskipun redaksinya yang berbeda, namun materi permasaalahannya dari definisi tentang &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;tersebut sama. Dapat di kemukakan bahwa pinjam-meminjam merupakan perjanjian timbal balik dan pinjam meminjam dalam saryiat islam dapat ditemukan dalam pasal 1740 kitab undang-undang hukum perdata. Dalam pasal tersebut di nyatakan, pinjam pakai adalah suatu perjanjian dengan memberikan suatu barang kepada pihak lain untuk dipakai dengan cuma-cuma. Denga syarat setelah menerima dan memakai barang, dalam jangka waktu yang tertentu harus mengembalikannya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;B. Dasar Hukum &lt;i&gt;‘Ariyah&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Sebagaimana mana dimaklumi bahwa, &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;merupakan sarana tolong-menolong antara orang yang mampu dan orang yang tidak mampu. Bahkan, tidak menutup kemungkinan antara orang yang sama-sama mampu pun terjadi adanya &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;(pinjam-meminjam ini). Adapun landasan hukum dari &lt;i&gt;nash &lt;/i&gt;Al-Qur’an terdapat dalam surat Al-Maidah: 2 sebagai berikut ini:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;...وَ تَعَاوَنُواْعَلَى الْبِرِّوَالتَّقْوَى ولاَتَعَاوَنُوْاعَلَى الإْثْمِ وَالْعُدْوَانْ وَاتَّقُواللهَ إنَّ اللهَ شَدِيْدُالْعِقَابِ&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Artinya:&lt;i&gt;...Dan tolong-menolonglah dalam (mengerjakan) kebajikan dan taqwa, dan janganlah tolong-menolong dalam berbuat dosa dan pelanggaran. Dan bertakwalah kamu kepada Allah, sesungguhnya Allah amat berat siksa-Nya. &lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan ayat ini, maka memberikan pinjaman (&lt;i&gt;‘ariyah)&lt;/i&gt; kepada orang yang mem ubutuhkan merupakan ibadah yang membuahkan pahala, karena ia masuk ke dalam keumuman tolong-menolong dalam kebaikan dan takwa.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Mazhab Syafi’i, Hanafi, Abu Hasan Ubaidilah bin Hasan al-Karkhi berpendapat, bahwa aqad ‘&lt;i&gt;ariyah &lt;/i&gt;hanya bersifat memanfaatkan benda tersebut, sehingga pemanfaatannya terbatas pada pihak kedua saja (peminjam) dan tidak boleh dipinjamkan kepada pihak lain. Namun semua ulama sepakat, bahwa benda tersebut tidak boleh disewakan kepada orang lain.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;C. Rukun dan Syarat &lt;i&gt;‘Ariyah&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Seperti terjadi pada beberapa transaksi dalam Islam, maka dalam masalah &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;pun terdapat rukun dan syarat dalam melakukan pinjam-meminjam ini. Jumhur ulama mengatakan, bahwa rukun &lt;i&gt;‘ariyah &lt;/i&gt;ada empat, yaitu sebagai berikut.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;1. Orang yang meminjamkan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;2. Orang yang meminjam.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;3. Barang yang dipinjam.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;4. Lafaz pinjaman (&lt;i&gt;shighat).&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn5_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref5_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;[5]&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Pihak yang meminjam disyaratkan agar memenuhi kriteria-kriteria berikut ini.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;a) . Bahwa ia berhak atas barang yang dipinjamkannya itu.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;b) . Barang tersebut dapat dimanfaatkan, sebab pinjam-meminjam hanya menyangkut kemanfaatan sesuatu benda (pemanfaatan sesuatu benda hanya sebatas yang di bolehkan dalam syariat islam).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;c) . Tidak boleh meminjamkan barang pinjamannya kepada orang lain, kecuali suda ada persetujuan dari pihak pertama (yang punya barang ).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Sedangkan menyangkut peminjam di syaratkan harus orang yang cakap bertindak(berhak) sebab perjanjian pinjam-meminjam hanya dilakukan oleh orang yang tidak cakap bertindak adalah tidak sah.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Menyangkut barang yang dipinjam haruslah memenuhi persyaratan sebagai berikut.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;a) barang tersebut barang yang bermanfaat.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;b) Barang tersebut tidak musnah karena pengembalian manfaat barang tersebut ( tidak musnah karena pemakaian).&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Sedangkan mengenai lafaz, hendaklah ada pernyataan tentang pinjam-meminjam tesebut. Namun demikian, sebagian ahli berpendapat bahwa perjanjian pinjam-meminjam tersebut sah kalaupun dengan lafal.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Kewajiban pinjam meminjam &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Barang siapa meminjam sesuatu barang dari pihak lain, maka hendaklah peminjam menjaga dan memelihara barang pinjaman tersebut sebagai seorang bapak rumah yang baik. Maksudnya peminjam mempunyai tanggung jawab penuh atas barang tersebut. Jika barang hilang atau mengalami kerusakan, peminjam berkewajiban untuk mengganti barang tersebut. Ketentuan tentang hal itu dapat di jumpai dalam sebuah hadits yang diriwayatkan oleh ahmad dan nasa’i yang berbunyi”&lt;i&gt;Dari shafwan bin umaiyah; Sesungguhnya Nabi telah meminjam beberapa baju perang dari shfwan pada waktu peperangan Hunain ! Shafwan bertanya kepada rasullullah SAW: “Paksaankah ya muhammad?, Jawab Rasullullah: bukan tetapi pinjaman yang di jamin. Kemudian hilang sebagian, maka rasullullah saw. mengemukakan kepada Shafwan bahwa akan digantinya. Shafwan berkata: Sayab sekarang telah mendapatkan kepuasan dalam islam.” (Sulaiman Rasyid, 1990:304).&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;D. Pembayaran Pinjaman&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Selain berkewajiban menjaga dan memelihara barang pinjaman, peminjam juga berkewajiban untuk mengembalikan yang dipinjam kepada pihak yang meminjam sesuai dengan yang diperjanjikan. Setiap orang yang meminjam sesuatu kepada orang lain berarti peminjam memiliki utang kepada orang yang berpiutang (&lt;i&gt;mu’ir)&lt;/i&gt;. Setiap utang wajib di bayar sehingga berdosalah orang yang tidak mau membayar utang, bahkan melalaikan pembayaran utang juga termasuk perbuatan aniaya. Rasullullah Saw. Bersabda:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;مَطَلُ الغَنِيِّ ظُلْم ٌفَإِ زَاأُتْبِعَ أَحَدُ كُمْ عَلَى مَلِيِّ فَلْيَتَّبِعْ (رواه البخاريّ ومسلمٌ)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Artinya: &lt;i&gt;“Menunda Pembayaran bagi orang yang mampu adalah suatu kedzaliman, dan jikalah sala seorang dari kamu diikutkan (dihiwalahkan) kepada orang yang mampu/kaya maka terimalah hiwalah itu.”&lt;/i&gt;(Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Hadis diatas juga berlaku bagi orang (majikan), yakni bila memperkerjakan buruh, maka tidak boleh melalaikan pembayaran upah buru tersebut, karena termasuk orang yang menzalimi. Adapun melebihkan bayaran dari sejumlah pinjaman di perbolehkan, asal kelebihan itu merupakan kemauan yang berutang. Hal ini menjadi nilai kebaikan bagi yang membayar utang. Rasullulah Saw. Bersabda:&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;right&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;فِإ نَّ مِنْ خِيَا رِكُمْ أحْسَنُكُمْ قَضَاءٌ(رواه البخاريّ ومسلمٌ)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Artinya: &lt;i&gt;“Sesungguhnya diantara orang yang terbaik dari kamu adalah orang yang sebaik-baiknya dalam membayar utang.”&lt;/i&gt;(Riwayat Bukhari dan Muslim)&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Pada tiap-tiap waktu, yang meminjam dan yang meminjamkan tidak berhalangan bila ingin mengembalikan atau meminta kembali pinjaman, sebab ‘ariyah adalah akad yang tidak tetap, kecuali ada faktor tertentu sehingga tidak bisa dikembalikannya barang itu sebelum habis masa perjanjian. Ringkasnya, keduanya kedua boleh memutuskan akad, asal tidak merugikan salah seorang diantara keduanya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;F. Tata Krama Berutang&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Terdapat beberapa hal yang dijadikan penekanan dalam pinjam-meminjam atau utang-piutang tentang nialai-nilai sopan santun yang terikat di dalamnya, sebagi berikut.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;1. Sejalan dengan petunjuk dalam surah Al-Baqarah: 282, bahwa utang piutang harus dikuatkan dengan tulisan dari pihak berutang, disaksikan dua orang saksi laki-laki atau dengan seorang saksi laki-laki, dan dua orang saksi wanita. Dewasa ini, tulisan tersebut dibuat diatas kertas bersegel atau bermateri. Hal ini supaya tidak terjadi saling mengelak di kemudian hari&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;2. Pinjaman hendaknya dilakukan atas dasar adanya kebutuhan yang mendesak, disertai dengan niat dalam hati akan membayar mengembalikannya dikala tela mempunyai uang.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;3. Pihak berpiutang hendaknya berniat memberikan pertolongan kepada pihak berutang. Bila yang meminjam tidak mampu mengembalikannya, maka yang berpiutang hendaknya memberikan tenggang waktu yang lama atau kalau perlu dapat membebaskannya.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;4. Pihak yang berutang bila sudah mampu membayar pinjaman hendaknya dipercepat pembayaran utangnya, karena bila lalai dalam membayar pinjaman berarti berbuat zalim.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftn6_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftnref6_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;BAB III&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;PENUTUP&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;A. Kesimpulan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160;&amp;#160; Dari uraiyan makalah diatas maka penyusun dapat menyimpulkan bahwa ‘Ariyah (pinjaman) adalah memberikan manfaat suatu barang dari seseorang kepada orang lain secara Cuma-Cuma (gratis). Apabila digantikan dengan sesuatu atau ada imbalannya, hal itu tidak dapat disebut ’Ariyah. Dalam ‘ariyah ada rukun dan syarat yang harus dipenuhi, rukun ‘ariyah yaitu adanya akad (ijab dan qabul) atau lafaz pinjaman (&lt;i&gt;shighat&lt;/i&gt;), orang yang meminjam, barang yang dipijamkan.serta orang yang meminjamkan.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;center&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;DAFTAR PUSTAKA&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Sahrani, Sohari dan Ru’fah A. 2011. &lt;i&gt;Fikih Muamalah&lt;/i&gt;. Bogor:&lt;i&gt; &lt;/i&gt;Ghalia Indonesia&lt;i&gt;&lt;/i&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;suhardi, k.lubis. 2004. &lt;i&gt;hukum ekonomi islam&lt;/i&gt;. jakarta: sinar grafikaan&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Suhendi, Hendi. 2005. &lt;i&gt;Fikih Muamalat&lt;/i&gt;. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Hasan, M. Ali.2004. &lt;i&gt;Berbagai Macam Transaksi dalam Islam., &lt;/i&gt;Jakarta: Rajawali Press.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Tihami. MA. 2003. &lt;i&gt;Kamus istilah-istilah dalam Studi Keislaman menurut Syaikh Muhammad Nawawi Al-Bantani. &lt;/i&gt;Serang: Suhud Sentra Utama.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;div align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;     &lt;hr align=&quot;left&quot; size=&quot;1&quot; width=&quot;33%&quot; /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/div&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref1_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn1_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[1]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; Rahmat Syafi’i, Fikih Muamalat, (Bandug: Pustaka Setia, 2006), hlm. 130&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref2_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn2_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[2]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; Hendi Suhendi, &lt;i&gt;Fikih Muamalat&lt;/i&gt;, (Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2005), hlm.91-92.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref3_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn3_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[3]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; M. Ali Hasan, &lt;i&gt;Berbagai Macam Transaksi dalam Islam, &lt;/i&gt;(Jakarta: Rajawali Press, 2004), hlm.239.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref4_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn4_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[4]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; MA. Tihami, &lt;i&gt;Kamus istilah-istilah dalam Studi Keislaman menurut Syaikh Muhammad Nawawi Al-Bantani, &lt;/i&gt;(Serang: Suhud Sentra Utama, 2003), hlm. 7-8.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref5_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn5_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[5]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; M. Al;I Hasan, &lt;i&gt;Op. Cit, &lt;/i&gt;hlm. 243.&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;file:///D:/FILE SI JOHAN/FILE Bg UJ/FILE DI UMM (DI MALANG)/DOCUMENT/KULIAH EKONOMI SYARIA UMM/Makalah buatan ku/Pinjaman &#39;Ariyah/#_ftnref6_8513&quot; name=&quot;_ftn6_8513&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;[6]&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt; Hendi Suhendi, &lt;i&gt;Op. Cit,&lt;/i&gt; hlm. 97-98&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/2576123576118377537/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/2576123576118377537?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/2576123576118377537'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/2576123576118377537'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/05/pinjaman-ariyah.html' title='Pinjaman ‘Ariyah'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh6.ggpht.com/-NRGQwu4BR0c/U4M2JSmhhYI/AAAAAAAAArQ/VMYoi6bvnNI/s72-c/profit-sharing_thumb%25255B2%25255D.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-1025834634198316528</id><published>2014-05-16T19:36:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2014-05-28T19:14:08.352+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="renungan umum"/><title type='text'>Belajar untuk Belajar</title><content type='html'>&lt;p align=&quot;justify&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-wxtv9qFyE-0/U3YGNtw559I/AAAAAAAAApo/HfM4nkwJkik/s1600-h/belajar-dasar-seo-di-blogspot6.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;img title=&quot;belajar dasar seo di blogspot&quot; style=&quot;border-left-width: 0px; border-right-width: 0px; background-image: none; border-bottom-width: 0px; float: left; padding-top: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: inline; padding-right: 0px; border-top-width: 0px&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; alt=&quot;belajar dasar seo di blogspot&quot; align=&quot;left&quot; src=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-b9ZTBdKM_2o/U3YGPl0aEwI/AAAAAAAAApw/e-2p0zxwqM0/belajar-dasar-seo-di-blogspot_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800&quot; width=&quot;184&quot; height=&quot;201&quot; /&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;Hakikatnya hidup ini merupakan rangkaian proses belajar dan menempa diri agar menjadi lebih baik senantiasa. Sungguh, begitu banyak hal dapat disarikan dari perjalanan detik demi detik kehidupan kita. Hal-hal yang kita rasakan, kita lihat, kita dengar, kita keluarkan melalui lisan, semuanya bisa menjadi sesuatu yang sarat makna dan dapat memperkaya khazanah pengalaman kita untuk selanjutnya dijadikan modal bagi proses perbaikan diri, jika kita mau tentunya.      &lt;br /&gt;Little things mean a lot, ya, banyak hal kecil yang sesungguhnya memiliki makna yang begitu besar, jika saja kita mau sedikit lebih memperhatikan, sedikit melihat lebih ke dalam, dan sedikit saja berpikir. Ketika kita hanya memandang sesuatu dengan cara biasa, semuanya akan tampak biasa-biasa saja, tidak ada yang istimewa, seakan memang demikianlah seharusnya.       &lt;br /&gt;Ketika peristiwa-peristiwa yang kita temui atau kita jalani hanya lewat begitu saja, maka ia hanya akan menjadi masa lalu hampa nilai yang tidak dapat memberikan pengaruh apa-apa. Padahal jika kita mau sedikit saja menggali lebih dalam, mungkin tidak sedikit bekas-bekas berharga yang tertinggal di sana. Sebagaimana halnya mutiara, sebelum ada yang mengeluarkannya dari cangkang sang kerang, tidak ada yang dapat merasakan pancaran keindahannya.       &lt;br /&gt;Menjadi pembelajar sejati, hal yang cukup sulit dilakukan saya rasa. Bagi saya, seorang pembelajar sejati akan selalu mencoba mencari celah pembelajaran dari setiap kejadian yang dialaminya maupun kejadian yang dialami oleh orang lain. Sungguh saya ingin menjadi orang seperti itu: yang senantiasa dapat memaknai hidup dari sudut pandang positif, yang mampu melihat nilai-nilai yang belum tersingkap, serta mampu memunculkan keberhargaan walaupun begitu tersembunyi adanya. Siapa yang tahu di dalam cangkang kerang yang gelap tersimpan mutiara yang begitu indah jika tidak ada yang mencoba menyelam ke dasar lautan dan mendapatkannya. Ya, mutiara itu akan tetap ada, terlepas dari apakah ada yang berusaha membuka cangkang kerang tempatnya bersemayam atau tidak.       &lt;br /&gt;Belajar, belajar, dan belajar, menunjukkan bahwa manusia benar-benar makhluk yang memiliki banyak kelemahan dalam dirinya. Belajar, bagi saya merupakan bagian dari proses menyaya (diambil dari istilah seseorang dalam sebuah tulisan *meng-aku), menjadi saya, saya yang benar-benar saya, saya yang benar-benar dapat memberikan banyak manfaat bagi orang lain, semoga. Dan proses ini belum akan berhenti sampai ajal menjelang, dan maut datang menjemput. Saat itulah saya baru dapat menunjukkan dan mengatakan &amp;quot;Inilah saya, saya seutuhnya, saya yang sesungguhnya&amp;quot;. &lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  &lt;p&gt;&lt;font size=&quot;3&quot;&gt;&lt;/font&gt;&lt;/p&gt;  </content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/1025834634198316528/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/1025834634198316528?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1025834634198316528'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/1025834634198316528'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/05/belajar-untuk-belajar.html' title='Belajar untuk Belajar'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="http://lh3.ggpht.com/-b9ZTBdKM_2o/U3YGPl0aEwI/AAAAAAAAApw/e-2p0zxwqM0/s72-c/belajar-dasar-seo-di-blogspot_thumb4.jpg?imgmax=800" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-6685041781307488128</id><published>2014-05-11T07:51:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2014-05-26T20:12:19.411+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="Artikel Syari&#39;ah"/><title type='text'>Hukum Jual Beli Saham serta Trading Options dan Sekuritas</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyRwi55t3kKFsMhiHn61yhCuad9ZEyHXFc3KJEhbugkbUOHu1oLcIYyZk72z1oP9hDRxzIkuwATBExnrIkfeA_Xj2RqcdPIOQRr1bb0FwSZDTSgNtOMzzN0hIaaJ5xrvXOUM9w74mnmU/s1600/b8385848f8c7e0570ca6e7ec116a1550.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyRwi55t3kKFsMhiHn61yhCuad9ZEyHXFc3KJEhbugkbUOHu1oLcIYyZk72z1oP9hDRxzIkuwATBExnrIkfeA_Xj2RqcdPIOQRr1bb0FwSZDTSgNtOMzzN0hIaaJ5xrvXOUM9w74mnmU/s1600/b8385848f8c7e0570ca6e7ec116a1550.jpg&quot; height=&quot;160&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; color: black; float: right; font-size: small; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Trading sebelum menjadi istilah dalam &lt;i&gt;capital&lt;/i&gt; dan &lt;i&gt;financial market&lt;/i&gt; dengan segala distorsinya akibat berbagai penyalahgunaan, substansinya adalah aktivitas jual beli atau &lt;i&gt;bai’&lt;/i&gt;. Prinsip umum syariah dalam jual beli sebagaimana dapat disimpulkan dari pendapat para ulama dalam kitab-kitab fiqih seperti M. Rifa’i dalam &lt;i&gt;Kifayatul Akhyar&lt;/i&gt; (184) dan Wahbah Az-Zuhaili dalam &lt;i&gt;al-Fiqh al-Islami wa Adillatuhu&lt;/i&gt; yaitu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pada dasarnya diperbolehkan transaksi jual beli sebagai salah satu sarana yang baik dalam mencari rezki. (QS.al-Baqarah:194, an-Nisa’:29).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Barang ataupun instrumen yang diperjualbelikan itu harus halal sehingga dilarang menjualbelikan barang haram seperti miras, narkoba, bunga bank ribawi. (QS.Al-Maidah: 3, 90).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bermanfaat dan bermaslahat dengan adanya nilai guna bagi konsumen maupun pembeli serta tidak membahayakan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Barang yang diperjualbelikan dapat diserahkan, baik secara langsung keseluruhan maupun secara simbolis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Barang yang diperjualbelikan harus jelas keadaannya, sifat-sifatnya, kualitasnya, jumlah dan satuannya dan karakteristik lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dilakukan proses “ijab qabul” baik dalam arti tradisionalnya maupun modern. seperti dalam paper trading yang menampilkan dokumen dagang berupa kertas maupun elektronic trading/ e-commerce yang menampilkan data komputer dan data elektronik lainnya (paperless trading). Kedua media tersebut substansinya menunjukkan sifat barang, mutu, jenis, jaminan atas kebenaran data dan dokumen serta bukti kesepakatan transaksi (dealing). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Transaksi dilangsungkan atas dasar saling sukarela (‘an taradhin), kesepahaman dan kejelasan. (QS. An-Nisa’:29) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tidak ada unsur penipuan maupun judi (gambling). (QS.al-Baqarah:278, al-Maidah: 90) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Adil, jujur dan amanat (QS.al-Baqarah:278) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dalil umum transaksi jual-beli dalam Allah berfirman: &lt;i&gt;“…dan Allah menghalalkan jual beli dan mengharamkan riba…”&lt;/i&gt; (QS.al-Baqarah: 275). &lt;i&gt;“Hai orang yang beriman! Janganlah kamu saling memakan harta sesamamu dengan jalan yang batil, kecuali dengan dengan jalan perniagaan yang berlaku dengan suka sama suka di antara kamu,…” &lt;/i&gt;(QS. al-Nisa’ : 29). &lt;i&gt;“Hai orang yang beriman! Penuhilah akad-akad itu…”&lt;/i&gt; (QS. al-Ma’idah : 1).&lt;i&gt;“…kamu tidak (boleh) menganiaya dan tidak (pula) dianiaya”&lt;/i&gt; (QS. al-Baqarah: 279).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;  &lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dengan demikian, beberapa hal yang harus dipedomani dalam konteks ini adalah; menghindari unsur spekulasi yang cenderung bersifat &lt;i&gt;maysir&lt;/i&gt; yaitu gambling (judi), data dan informasi komoditi jelas baik yang menyangkut satuannya, kualitasnya, kriteria, jenis dan sifat-sifatnya serta harga dan penyerahannya, nilai guna yang membawa maslahat dan tidak membahayakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Secara ringkas dapat dikatakan bahwa transaksi jual beli surat berharga sebagai instrumen investasi sesuai atau tidak sesuainya dengan syariah menyangkut tiga hal yang menjadi kriteria di pasar modal syariah yakni 1. Investasi dengan cara tradingnya yang di antaranya dengan cara spekulasi yang gambling, 2. Investasi yang tidak sesuai syariah dari segi struktur instrumennya, 3. Investasi yang tidak sesuai syariah dari segi asset/operasional emiten yang bersangkutan. Salah satu indeks saham yang sesuai syariah dari aspek operasional emitennya terdaftar dalam &lt;b&gt;Jakarta Islamic Index (JII)&lt;/b&gt; terdiri sekitar 30 saham termasuk diantaranya dalam kategori salah likuid dikenal sebagai LQ45 yang diperdagangkan di bursa efek indonesia yang terdiri dari 54 saham pilihan dengan kriteria likuiditas perdagangan dan kapasitas pasar .&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sebelum membahas hukum trading sekuritas dan saham ada baiknya kita mereview beberapa hal yang terkait dengan pasar modal diantaranya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Surat Berharga Syariah atau Efek Syariah adalah saham perusahaan yang dikategorikan syariah (JII), obligasi Syariah, Reksa Dana Syariah, Kontrak Investasi Kolektif Efek Beragun Aset (KIK EBA) Syariah dan surat berharga lainnya yang sesuai dengan prinsip Syariah; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Informasi atau fakta material adalah informasi atau fakta penting dan relevan mengenai peristiwa, kejadian, atau fakta yang dapat mempengaruhi harga efek pada bursa efek dan atau keputusan pemodal, calon pemodal atau Pihak lain yang berkepentingan atas informasi atau fakta tersebut; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;KIK EBA Syariah adalah Kontrak Investasi Kolektif Efek Beragun Asset yang Kontrak dan strukturnya sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Portofolio Efek Syariah adalah kumpulan Efek Syariah yang dimiliki oleh Pihak Investor; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Reksa Dana Syariah adalah Reksa Dana yang beroperasi menurut ketentuan dan prinsip Syari’ah Islam, baik dalam bentuk akad antara pemodal sebagai pemilik harta (sahib al-mal/rabb al-mal) dengan Manajer Investasi sebagai wakil shahib al-mal, maupun antara Manajer Investasi sebagai wakil shahib al-mal dengan pengguna investasi; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Transaksi Bursa adalah kontrak yang dibuat oleh Anggota Bursa Efek sesuai dengan persyaratan yang ditentukan oleh Bursa Efek mengenai jual beli Efek, pinjam meminjam Efek, atau kontrak lain mengenai Efek atau harga Efek; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Unit Penyertaan adalah satuan ukuran yang menunjukkan bagian kepentingan setiap Pihak dalam portofolio investasi kolektif. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kriteria Emiten Surat Berharga Syariah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jenis usaha, produk dan jasa yang diberikan serta cara pengelolaan perusahaan Emiten tidak boleh bertentangan dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Jenis kegiatan usaha yang bertentangan dengan prinsip syariah antara lain adalah : &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usaha perjudian dan permainan yang tergolong judi atau perdagangan yang dilarang; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usaha lembaga keuangan konvensional (ribawi), termasuk perbankan dan asuransi konvensional; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usaha yang memproduksi, mendistribusi, serta memperdagangkan makanan dan minuman yang haram; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Usaha yang memproduksi, mendistribusi, dan/atau menyediakan barang-barang ataupun jasa yang merusak moral dan bersifat mudarat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Emiten Efek Syariah wajib menandatangani dan memenuhi ketentuan akad yang sesuai dengan syariah atas Efek Syariah yang dikeluarkan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Kriteria Surat Berharga Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Efek Syariah adalah surat berharga yang akad maupun cara penerbitannya tidak melanggar prinsip-prinsip syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Jenis Surat Berharga Syariah&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Saham adalah bukti kepemilikan atas suatu perusahaan yang memenuhi kriteria syariah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Obligasi Syariah adalah suatu surat berharga jangka panjang berdasarkan prinsip syariah yang dikeluarkan Emiten kepada pemegang Obligasi Syariah yang mewajibkan Emiten untuk membayar pendapatan kepada pemegang Obligasi Syariah berupa bagi hasil/margin fee serta membayar kembali dana obligasi pada saat jatuh tempo.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Unit Penyertaan KIK Reksa Dana Syariah adalah satuan ukuran yang menunjukkan bagian kepentingan setiap pihak dalam portofolio investasi suatu KIK Reksa Dana Syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Efek Beragun Aset Syariah adalah efek yang diterbitkan oleh kontrak investasi kolektif EBA Syariah yang portofolionya terdiri dari aset keuangan berupa tagihan yang timbul dari surat berharga komersial, tagihan yang timbul dikemudian hari, jual-beli pemilikan aset fisik oleh lembaga keuangan, efek bersifat investasi yang dijamin oleh pemerintah, sarana peningkatan investasi/arus kas serta aset keuangan setara yang sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Surat Berharga Komersial Syariah adalah Surat Pengakuan atas suatu pembiayaan dalam jangka waktu tertentu yang sesuai dengan prinsip syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Transaksi Surat Berharga Syariah yang Dilarang:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pelaksanaan transaksi harus dilakukan menurut prinsip kehati-hatian serta tidak diperbolehkan melakukan spekulasi gambling (maysir) yang di dalamnya mengandung unsur dharar, gharar, maysir, dan zhulm. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tindakan yang dimaksud di atas meliputi: &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Najsy&lt;/i&gt;, yaitu melakukan penawaran palsu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Bai’ al-ma’dum&lt;/i&gt;, yaitu melakukan penjualan atas barang (Efek Syariah) yang belum dimiliki (short selling) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Insider trading&lt;/i&gt;, yaitu memakai informasi orang dalam untuk memperoleh keuntungan transaksi yang dilarang. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Menyebarluaskan informasi yang menyesatkan untuk memperoleh keuntungan transaksi yang dilarang &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Melakukan investasi pada perusahaan yang pada saat transaksi, tingkat (nisbah) hutang perusahaan kepada lembaga keuangan ribawi lebih dominan dari modalnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Margin trading&lt;/i&gt;, yaitu melakukan transaksi atas Efek Syariah dengan fasilitas pinjaman atas kewajiban penyelesaian pembelian Efek Syariah tersebut &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;         &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Ihtikar&lt;/i&gt; (penumpukan), yaitu melakukan pembelian atau dan pengumpulan suatu Efek Syariah untuk menyebabkan perubahan harga Efek Syariah, dengan tujuan mempengaruhi Pihak lain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Penentuan Harga Pasar Wajar&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Harga pasar wajar dari Efek Syariah seharusnya mencerminkan nilai valuasi kondisi yang sesungguhnya dari aset yang menjadi dasar penerbitan efek tersebut sesuai dengan mekanisme pasar yang tidak direkayasa. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Bila harga pasar wajar sebagaimana yang disebutkan dalam pasal 8 ayat 1 di atas sulit untuk ditentukan, maka dalam hal efek syariah tersebut diperdagangkan melalui bursa dapat digunakan harga rata-rata tertimbang dari transaksi pada hari bursa yang terakhir sebagai rujukan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Investasi dengan cara spekulasi ialah adanya sikap berjudi atau untung-untungan untuk mendapatkan keuntungan sebanyak-banyaknya seraya merugikan investor lainnya. Spekulasi ini dilakukan antara lain melalui margin trading, short selling dan option dengan mengeksploitasi peluang &lt;i&gt;capital gain&lt;/i&gt; melalui transaksi spekulatif. Namun demikian tidak semua harapan keuntungan melalui capital gain dapat dikategorikan termasuk spekulasi. Sedangkan margin trading, short selling dan option dilarang karena Islam tidak memperbolehkan seseorang untuk menjual sesuatu yang tidak dikuasainya (prinsip hadits: &lt;i&gt;“la tabi’ ma laisa ‘indak&lt;/i&gt;). Selain itu pula adanya larangan berbisnis dengan cara untung-untungan (maysir).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Investasi yang tidak sesuai dengan syariah Islam dari segi instrumennya ialah yang memberikan keuntungan melalui mekanisme pembayaran bunga (interest), seperti pada obligasi karena merupakan salah satu bentuk praktek riba.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Investasi ke dalam perusahaan-perusahaan yang memilki aset atau mekanisme operasional yang tidak sesuai dengan syariah Islam. Industri-industri tersebut ialah yang bergerak dalam bidang: Minuman keras, narkotika, psikotropika, dan zat-zat adiktif beserta derivatifnya; Makanan haram dan derivatifnya; Pornografi dan seni mempamerkan keindahan tubuh wanita; Prostitusi; Perjudian; Perusahaan-perusahaan yang menjalankan usahanya dan memberikan serta memperoleh keuntungan melalui bunga (interest); Industri senjata yang secara jelas produknya digunakan untuk melawan dunia Islam atau kaum muslimin. (Lihat: William Clark, Islamic Securities Market: Australian Experience, 1997).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Di Bursa Efek Indonesia (BEi) terdapat sejumlah perusahaan publik yang bergerak dalam bidang minuman keras dan pembungaan uang, sedangkan makanan haram dan perjudian biasanya tidak menjadi &lt;i&gt;core business&lt;/i&gt; mereka. Adapun industri pornografi, prostitusi pembuatan dan pemasaran senjata, tidak listed di BEi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Sedangkan yang tidak diperkenankan dari segi operasionalisasi perusahaan publik tersebut ialah perilaku bisnis yang mencerminkan praktik-praktik penipuan, Penimbunan barang (ihtikar), permainan harga (najasy), monopoli dan oligopoli yang bersifat kartel&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Selain faktor-faktor di atas, terdapat pula sejumlah perilaku atau cara yang dilakukan oleh mereka yang menerjuni dunia pasar modal. Perilaku tersebut tidak dapat dibenarkan, baik dalam pandangan Islam maupun etika bisnis pada umumnya. Bahkan regulasi di dalam pasar modal itu sendiri telah melarangnya, berikut sangsi-sangsi yang dapat dikenakan kepada pelakunya. Pelaku dari cara-cara yang tidak dibenarkan ini bisa jadi adalah para investor, penasehat investasi, pialang (broker), akuntan publik, appraisal, internal emiten itu sendiri, maupun yang lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Perbuatan-perbuatan ini mungkin dilakukan seorang diri atau saling bekerja sama antar pihak-pihak tersebut, demi meraup keuntungan yang tidak jarang cukup fantastis. Cara-cara tersebut ialah: Margin Trading, Short selling, Insider trading, Corner, Window Dressing (rekayasa pembukuan).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Margin trading&lt;/i&gt; berarti perdagangan saham melalui pembelian saham dengan uang tunai dan meminjam kepada pihak ketiga untuk membayar tambahan saham yang dibeli. Harapan pembeli margin untuk mendapatkan keuntungan yang berlipat ganda dengan modal yang sedikit. Keputusan Ketua Bapepam nomor Kep-07/PM/1997, peraturan Nomor IV.B.1 pada nomor 12.h. melarang manajer investasi reksa dana berbentuk Kontrak Investasi Kolektif untuk terlibat dalam pembelian efek secara margin. Larangan yang sama dikenakan kepada pengelola reksa dana berbentuk perseroan berdasarkan Keputusan Ketua Bapepam nomor Kep-19/PM/1996 nomor 12.h.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;i&gt;Short selling&lt;/i&gt; ialah penjualan saham yang dimiliki penjual short, saham yang dijual secara short tersebut diperoleh dengan meminjam dari pihak ketiga. Penjual short meminjam saham dengan harapan membeli saham tersebut nantinya pada harga yang rendah dan secara simultan mengembalikan saham yang dipinjam, juga memperoleh keuntungan atas penurunan harganya. Secara umum UU No. 8 Tahun 1995 tentang Pasar Modal pada Peraturan V.D.3 melarang perusahaan efek menerima pesanan jual dari nasabah yang tidak mempunyai saham. Sedangkan Keputusan Ketua Bapepam nomor Kep-07/PM/1997, peraturan Nomor IV.B.1 pada nomor 12.g. melarang manajer investasi reksa dana berbentuk Kontrak Investasi Kolektif untuk terlibat dalam pembelian efek yang belum dimiliki (short sale). Larangan yang sama dikenakan kepada pengelola reksa dana berbentuk perseroan berdasarkan Keputusan Ketua Bapepam nomor Kep-19/PM/1996 nomor 12.g.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Dalam hal ini perlu kiranya diketahui adanya beberapa perbedaan yang signifikan antara perdagangan saham dan futures yang kebanyakan pada commoditas bisa dalam bentuk metal, hasil bumi, dan inetrumen keuangan adalah:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;ol style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pada pembelian saham umumnya akan memperoleh kepemilikan (ownership), namun pada pembelian futures tidak berhak atas kepemilikan underlying asset sampai si pembeli memutuskan untuk menyerahkan saat berakhirnya kontrak. Umumnya para pemain futures jarang sekali menahan kontraknya sampai saat penyerahan (delivery) dan mereka menjual kontraknya sebelum jatuh tempo. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fasilitas &lt;i&gt;leverage&lt;/i&gt; (dengan menggunakan hutang) umumnya lebih besar pada pasar futures dibandingkan dengan pasar saham. Pada pasar saham hanya sebagian kecil saja transaksi yang menggunakan fasilitas margin, sedangkan pada futures semua jenis futures contract dapat memperoleh margin. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pada transaksi saham atas penggunaan fasilitas margin biasanya dikenakan bunga yang hal ini tidak berlaku dalam pasar modal syariah sedangkan pada futures tidak dikenakan biaya atas margin, karena jenis kontrak ini adalah jenis kontrak yang ditunda penyerahannya (deferred delivery contract). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Fluktuasi harga pada pasar saham umumnya tidak dibatasi (di BEI suatu saham otomatis akan disuspen dalam perdagangan jika dalam satu hari telah mengalami kenaikan atau penurunan sebesar 50%). Pada bursa futures, kontrak umumnya memiliki batas harian harga dan transaksi tidak dapat dilakukan setelah mencapai batas tersebut, dan baru diteruskan keesokan harinya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;     &lt;div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Perdagangan interest rate dalam bursa apapun dan segala transaksi berbasis bunga apapun bentuknya tidak diperkenankan dalam mumalah Islam, sehingga wajib untuk dihindari oleh para pelaku bisnis syariah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ol&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; Dengan demikian, jual-beli saham dengan niat dan tujuan memperoleh penambahan modal, memperoleh aset likuid, maupun mengharap deviden dengan memilikinya sampai jatuh tempo&amp;nbsp; untuk efek syariah (&lt;i&gt;hold to maturity&lt;/i&gt;) di samping dapat difungsikan sewaktu-waktu dapat dijual (&lt;i&gt;available for sale&lt;/i&gt;) keuntungan berupa &lt;i&gt;capital gains&lt;/i&gt; dengan kenaikan&amp;nbsp; nilai saham seiring kenaikan nilai dan kinerja perusahaan penerbit (emiten) dalam rangka menghidupkan investasi yang akan mengembangkan kinerja perusahaan, adalah sesuatu yang halal sepanjang usahanya tidak dalam hal yang haram. Namun ketika aktivitas jual beli saham tersebut disalah gunakan dan menjadi alat spekulasi mengejar keuntungan di atas kerugian pihak lain, maka hukumnya haram karena berubah menjadi perjudian saham. Demikian halnya trading options sebagaimana dalam futures trading konvensional (&lt;i&gt;futures contract&lt;/i&gt;) juga haram hukumnya karena mengandung unsur yang diharamkan syariah setidaknya maysir dan riba. Semoga bermanfaat dan dapat mencerahkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;
</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/feeds/6685041781307488128/comments/default' title='Posting Komentar'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='https://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6675307047264853244/6685041781307488128?isPopup=true' title='0 Komentar'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/6685041781307488128'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='https://www.blogger.com/feeds/6675307047264853244/posts/default/6685041781307488128'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='https://tekuumarjohan.blogspot.com/2014/05/hukum-jual-beli-saham-serta-trading.html' title='Hukum Jual Beli Saham serta Trading Options dan Sekuritas'/><author><name>Teuku Umar Johan</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/16040134475599677913</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjCyRwi55t3kKFsMhiHn61yhCuad9ZEyHXFc3KJEhbugkbUOHu1oLcIYyZk72z1oP9hDRxzIkuwATBExnrIkfeA_Xj2RqcdPIOQRr1bb0FwSZDTSgNtOMzzN0hIaaJ5xrvXOUM9w74mnmU/s72-c/b8385848f8c7e0570ca6e7ec116a1550.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6675307047264853244.post-6449806477404034837</id><published>2014-02-12T22:19:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2016-03-14T13:05:50.932+07:00</updated><title type='text'>Sekilas Profil Daerahku “Simeulue Ate Fulawan”</title><content type='html'>&lt;div dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot; trbidi=&quot;on&quot;&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh5.ggpht.com/-Vmofq51RnUA/U27I3CMqN8I/AAAAAAAAAlk/dFC0xtbAopo/s1600-h/clip_image00216.jpg&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kabupaten simeulue merupakan salah satu kabupaten termuda di Provinsi Aceh, hasil perjuangan secara estafet dan berkelanjutan sejak 1957 melalui kongres rakyat Simeulue di Luan Balu. Sebelum 1965, daerah ini adalah salah satu kewadenan dan bagian dari Kabupaten Aceh Barat. Sejak 1967, Simeulue berstatus sebagai wilayah pembantu Bupati dan selanjutnya dengan PP No. 53 tahun 1996 menjadi Kabupaten Administratif, dan kemudian pada 12 Oktober 1999 diresmikan menjadi Kabupaten Otonom berdasarkan UU No. 48 tahun 1999 bersamaan dengan Kabupaten Bireun. Ibu kota Kabupaten Simeulue Sinabang, kalau diucapkan dengan logat daerah adalah Sinafang yang artinya senapan atau senjata api, di mana dulunya Sinabang menjadi markas serdadu kompeni Belanda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;a name=&#39;more&#39;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Secara geografis, daerah kepulauan ini terletak pada posisi antara 2,15 derajat â€“ 2,55 derajat lintang utara dan 95,40 derajat â€“ 96,30 derajat bujur timur, berbatasan dengan Samudera Hindia di sebelah utara, selatan dan barat serta Kabupaten Aceh Barat di sebelah Timur. Wilayahnya yang seluas 203. 148,63 hektar, secara administratif terbagi menjadi 8 kecamatan, 11 mukim yang mencakup 138 desa,kecamatan itu iyalah:      &lt;br /&gt;* Simeulue Timur       &lt;br /&gt;* Teupah Barat       &lt;br /&gt;* Teupah Selatan       &lt;br /&gt;* Simeulue Tengah       &lt;br /&gt;* Teluk Dalam       &lt;br /&gt;* Salang       &lt;br /&gt;* Alafan       &lt;br /&gt;* Simeulue Barat&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Secara tofografis, wilayah kabupaten simeulue merupakan daerah datar, berombak, bergelombang, berbukit dan bergunung/curam, dengan ketinggian antara 0-600 meter di atas permukaan laut. Iklimnya termasuk tropis dengan curah hujanÂ Â Â&amp;nbsp; rata- rata 2.824 mm pertahun yang merata di setiap pulau. Keadaan geologis tanahnya bukan pulau-pulau vulkanik dengan jenis tanah dominan memiliki tingkat kesamaan tinggi, yaitu pedsorit merah kuning, pedsorit merah coklat, alluvial, arganosol dan batu kapur. Penggunaan lahannya di dominasi oleh hutan, disusul perkebunan rakyat dan sawah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Legenda Dan Petuah Nenek Moyang Masyarakat Simeulue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Pada 1907, terjadi bencana linon (gempa bumi) cukup dahsyat di kepulauan Simeulue yang disertai dengan smong (tsunami). Simong terjadi disertai adanya surutnya air laut hingga 15 â€“ 30 meter setelah terjadinya gempa, lalu naik secara tiba-tiba dengan kecepatan tinggi menghantam sampai jauh ke daratan. Pada saat air surut, banyak penduduk yang turun ke laut untuk mengambil ikan-ikan yang tergelepar. Mereka sangat bergembira mendapatkan banyak ikan sehingga tidak menyadari bahwa smong datang secara tiba-tiba dan menyapu mereka hingga tewas. Cerita ini secara turun temurun di sampaikan kembali oleh masyarakat Simeulue dari generasi ke generasi sehingga menjadi legenda yang wajib dipercayai oleh anak keturunannya dan menjadi kearifan lokal.Legenda tersebut terbukti menjadi kenyataan saat tsunami besar menenggelamkan sekitar 80 ribu warga Aceh akibat gempa hebat berkekuatan 9 skala richter yang mengguncang Aceh khususnya simeulue dan sekitarnya pada 26 Desember 2004. Petuah yang diwariskan adalah bila terjadi linon (gempa bumi) dengan kekuatan besar dan disertai surutnya air laut, maka segeralah berteriak : Smong, smong, smong dan berlari ke tempat yang lebih tinggi di perbukitan atau pegunungan. Selain itu, tanda-tanda alam lain yang juga mengawali bencana adalah bahwa kerbau-kerbau berkumpul di pantai dan bergerak ke arah pegunungan sehari sebelum bencana terjadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Penduduk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;kawasan ini juga berprofil seperti orang Cina, dengan kulit kuning dan sipit dan mempunyai bahasa yang berbeda dengan Aceh daratan.      &lt;br /&gt;Terdapat tiga bahasa utama yang dominan dalam pergaulan sehari-hari yakni &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Devayan&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;bahasa Devayan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Sigulai&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;bahasa Sigulai&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;, dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahasa_Leukon&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;bahasa Leukon&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;. Bahasa Devayan umumnya digunakan oleh penduduk yang berdomisili di Kecamatan Simeulue Timur, Teupah Selatan, Teupah Barat, Simeulue Tengah dan Teluk Dalam. Bahasa Sigulai umumnya digunakan penduduk di Kecamatan Simeulue Barat, Alafan dan Salang. Sedangkan bahasa Leukon digunakan khususnya oleh penduduk Desa Langi dan Lafakha di Kecamatan Alafan. Selain itu digunakan juga bahasa pengantar (lingua franca) yang digunakan sebagai bahasa perantara sesama masyarakat yang berlainan bahasa di Simeulue yaitu bahasa Jamu atau Jamee (tamu), awalnya dibawa oleh para perantau niaga dari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minangkabau&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Minangkabau&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt; dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://id.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandailing&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Mandailing&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh3.ggpht.com/-C31W0m5203A/U27I7aGLRdI/AAAAAAAAAmM/LXO7dPpenG4/clip_image006_thumb.png?imgmax=800&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: right; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image006&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-C31W0m5203A/U27I7aGLRdI/AAAAAAAAAmM/LXO7dPpenG4/clip_image006_thumb.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;135&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image006&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Budaya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;          &lt;/b&gt;Masyarakat Simeulue mempunyai adat dan budaya tersendiri berbeda dengan saudara-saudaranya di daratan Aceh, salah satunya a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-BzsnYYbiF3Q/U27I4X377CI/AAAAAAAAAlw/RPZ3445Elc0/s1600-h/clip_image0043.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;dalah seni Nandong, suatu seni nyanyi bertutur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-aofpxL7vlVU/U27I6BnHqjI/AAAAAAAAAmE/QCYu6qVyqRg/s1600-h/clip_image0063.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;diiringi gendang tetabuhan dan biola yang ditampilkan semalam suntuk pada acara-acara tertentu dan istim&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-aSwDX9PYuZY/U27I8JJMzGI/AAAAAAAAAmU/wR7NHO22sBk/s1600-h/clip_image0083.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ewa. Terdapat pula seni yang sangat digemari sebagian besar masyarakat, seni Debus, yaitu suatu seni bela diri kekebalan tubuh terutama dari tusukan bacokan pedang, rencong, rantai besi membara, bambu, serta benda-benda tajam lainnya, dan dari seni ini pulalah para pendekar Simeulue acap diundang ke mancanegara.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Makanan khas &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; color: black; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image010&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh5.ggpht.com/-ohEnUV9gbw8/U27I-Cve3xI/AAAAAAAAAmk/oaqhYz5bZZM/clip_image0103.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;145&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image010&quot; width=&quot;200&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Mangkuk besar itu berisi kuah putih bercampur beras ketan, pisang, santan, dan gula. Aroma wangi mengepul. Sepintas terlihat seperti kolak. Ini kuliner khas Simeulue yang kerap disajikan sebagai penganan khas Puasa. “Memek”, begitulah nama makanan ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Masakan ini biasanya disajikan dalam setiap acara dan termasuk menu yang di sukai ketika berbuka puasa.Menu makanan memek merupakan jenis makanan yang sangat khas dan diwariskan secara turun-temurun, Sejak nenek moyang dulu.Memang sekilas nama makanan ini agak negativ ,tapi bagi masyrakat simeulue tidak perlu malu dengan sebutan nama makanan itu.Karena memang sudah baku dalam bahasa Simeulue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Makanan ini diramu dari berbagai jenis bahan yang mudah ditemukan, yakni dari beras ketan, pisang, santan, gula, garam, serta air bersih secukupnya.      &lt;br /&gt;Beras ketan disangrai dalam belanga hingga matang, lalu dimasukkan ke dalam baskom, dan diaduk dengan pisang. Selanjutnya ke dalam baskom tadi dimasukkan santan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Untuk menambah rasa manis, tergantung selera lidah, bisa ditambah gula dan garam secukupnya, kemudian memek siap disajikan.      &lt;br /&gt;&quot;Karena beras itu dikunyah keras dengan waktu yang lama, maka disebut memek,&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan kuliner memek ini memiliki nutrisi dan khasiat untuk menurunkan suhu panas tubuh,Makanya sering menjadi menu spesial berbuka puasa.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Tidak hanya memek,akan tetapi masi banyak makanan khas simeulue yang mengungga selera diantaranya iyalah bolono itutung, gulai ulun tafe, gulai asam pedas ikan karang, sambam ikan minyak, gulai ikan marang. Sedangkan jenis makanan, sebagai pengganti dari bahan sagu, seperti masakan sanggal batoux, martabak tabbaha dan tabbaha longon dll.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Komoditas Utama Masyarakat Simeulue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; color: black; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image014&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh5.ggpht.com/-L5Pqcw3iIaw/U27JB8CbR-I/AAAAAAAAAnE/PYnuQB7X2xs/clip_image014_thumb4.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image014&quot; width=&quot;156&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;clear: right; color: black; float: right; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image016&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh5.ggpht.com/-hF6eDKCvM9Y/U27JAMqOUAI/AAAAAAAAAm0/jiWCo0Q66BE/clip_image016_thumb3.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;153&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image016&quot; width=&quot;156&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Salah satu andalan Kabupaten Simeulue yang menjadi ciri khas adalah kerbau simeulue yang meski ukurannya kecil, namun rasa dagingnya lebih manis daripada kerbau di daratan Sumatera. Kerbau ini banyak dijual keluar Pulau Simeulue dan, karena kualitasnya prima, harganya pun menjadi tinggi.      &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Di dalam satu dasawarsa terakhir hasil pulau Simeulue yang sangat terkenal adalah Lobster (udang laut) yang cukup besar ukurannya dan telah diekspor ke luar daerah seperti Medan, Jakarta dan bahkan ke luar negeri hingga Singapura,Malaysia,thailand dan china.      &lt;br /&gt;Kabupaten ini terkenal dengan hasil cengkehnya. Hasil p&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;erk&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-KEF16F9YXpQ/U27JC6f8-FI/AAAAAAAAAnM/p3Xpj1obL3w/s1600-h/clip_image0126.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image012&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh4.ggpht.com/-Wl2B4s9csYg/U27JDzUuUbI/AAAAAAAAAnU/tm1CuVoFEM8/clip_image012_thumb3.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;165&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image012&quot; width=&quot;154&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;ebunan rakyat lainnya di antaranya adalah kopra yang berasal dari pohon kelapa yang tumbuh subur di sepanjang pantai Pulau Simeulue, selain itu ada perkebunan kelapa sawit milik Pemerintah Daerah bernama Perusahaan Daerah Kelapa Sawit (PDKS) yang terdapat di Kecamatan Teluk Dalam dan Teupah Selatan.Sedangkan hasil hutan yang menjadi sumber utama pabrik meubel di Cirebon, Jawa Barat adalah rotan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Minyak bumi&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;color: black; font-size: small;&quot;&gt;Badan Pengkajian Penerapan Teknologi (BPPT) dan Lembaga Riset Geologi dan Kelautan Jerman (BGR) menemukan potensi minyak (hidrokarbon) dalam jumlah sangat besar di perairan timur laut Pulau Simeulue, Provinsi Aceh. Prediksi sementara jumlah kandungan minyak yang ada sekitar 107,5-320,79 miliar barel. &quot;Temuan ini hasil riset kami dengan Kapal Riset Sonne, yang tujuan awalnya untuk mengetahui detil deformasi struktur geologi di daerah busur muka (fore arc) pasca tsunami 26 Desember 2004,&quot; kata Dr Yusuf Surachman, Direktur Pusat Teknologi Inventarisasi Sumber Daya Alam BPPT, di Jakarta, Senin (11/2) seperti dikutip Antara. Dibandingkan dengan cadangan minyak bumi milik Arab Saudi yang volumenya mencapai 264,21 miliar barrel. Temuan itu, menurut Yusuf, sangat signifikan. Sedangkan nilai volume di perairan timur laut Pulau Simeulue itu dihitung minimal 17,1 x 109 m³ dan maksimal volume total 51 x 109 m³. &quot;Perkiraan volume berdasar volume reservoir yang dihitung atas dasar sejumlah asumsi, yakni seismik dua dimensi, karbonat build-up berbentuk melingkar, faktor pengali elongasi antara 0,5-1,5 dan porositas 30 persen,&quot; ujarnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Jalur Akses Menuju Simeulue&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;clear: left; color: black; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image020&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh4.ggpht.com/-JG416kS5Zl4/U27JF8QCKyI/AAAAAAAAAnk/BXRD2-3EvTw/clip_image020_thumb1.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;138&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; float: left; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image020&quot; width=&quot;168&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://lh6.ggpht.com/-HEJaeXqdEzU/U27JHdFCWNI/AAAAAAAAAn0/cuDFfkG2Hvs/clip_image018_thumb1.png?imgmax=800&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img align=&quot;left&quot; alt=&quot;clip_image018&quot; border=&quot;0&quot; src=&quot;http://lh6.ggpht.com/-HEJaeXqdEzU/U27JHdFCWNI/AAAAAAAAAn0/cuDFfkG2Hvs/clip_image018_thumb1.png?imgmax=800&quot; height=&quot;135&quot; hspace=&quot;12&quot; style=&quot;background-image: none; border-width: 0px; display: inline; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;&quot; title=&quot;clip_image018&quot; width=&quot;164&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;Untuk mencapai Simeulue, dapat ditempuh melalui jalur udara menggunakan pesawat terbang&amp;nbsp; dari Jakarta – Medan dengan jarak tempuh sekitar&amp;nbsp; 2 jam dan biaya tiket seharga Rp 600.000 – Rp 1.000.000 atau jalur Surabaya-medan biaya tiket seharga Rp 750.000­­-Rp 1.600.000 dengan jarak tempuh ±4 jam. Kemudian&amp;nbsp; dilanjutkan&amp;nbsp; terbang&amp;nbsp; dari&amp;nbsp; Medan menuju Kota Sinabang&amp;nbsp; (Ibu&amp;nbsp; Kota Kabupaten Simeulue), tiket&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://lh3.ggpht.com/-kYwWx2aGoCc/U27JGqCC0HI/AAAAAAAAAns/57wAzoN8DAY/s1600-h/clip_image0184.png&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: black;&quot;&gt;seharga&amp;nbsp; Rp 500.000 – Rp 750.000.&amp;nbsp; Waktu&amp;nbsp; tempuh&amp;nbsp; dengan pesawat antara antara Medan-Simeulue saat cuaca cerah 1 jam 10 menit. Jarak tempuh alternatif dapat menggunakan jalur darat dan laut ditempuh dengan menggunakan kapal feri, melewati Labuhan Haji dengan jarak tempuh sekitar 12 jam dari Medan, melewati Singkil dengan jarak tempuh 8 jam dari Medan dan kemudian dilanjutkan&amp;nbsp; dengan penyeberangan laut menggunakan kapal Feri PT. ASDP menuju simeulue.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10zo9FhMHPNzYspeBanpC9eT5CqOukDx1QuhMS7f_hQiLNNmHIS2jzpba-I3r7BTBwJLDZcv51tEmg1g9R0uaemo16YG_CammbjXuW5hxEDDZLY8rQGlxaHnE_T_JJWE3dmsW-b-LWYY/s1600/network-782707_1280-980x637.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;clear: left; float: left; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;207&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi10zo9FhMHPNzYspeBanpC9eT5CqOukDx1QuhMS7f_hQiLNNmHIS2jzpba-I3r7BTBwJLDZcv51tEmg1g9R0uaemo16YG_CammbjXuW5hxEDDZLY8rQGlxaHnE_T_JJWE3dmsW-b-LWYY/s320/network-782707_1280-980x637.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;comic sans ms&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The history of the Internet began with the development of electronic computers in the 1950s.&quot;&gt;Sejarah Internet dimulai dengan pengembangan komputer elektronik pada tahun 1950. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The public was first introduced to the concepts that would lead to the Internet when a message was sent over the ARPANet from computer science Professor Leonard Kleinrock&#39;s laboratory at University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), after the second piece of network equipment was installed at&quot;&gt;Masyarakat pertama kali diperkenalkan dengan konsep-konsep yang akan mengarah ke Internet bila pesan telah dikirim melalui ARPANet dari laboratorium ilmu komputer Profesor Leonard Kleinrock di University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA), setelah bagian kedua dari peralatan jaringan dipasang di &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Stanford Research Institute (SRI).&quot;&gt;Stanford Research Institute (SRI). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet switched networks such as ARPANET, Mark I at NPL in the UK, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, and Telenet, were developed in the late 1960s and early 1970s using a variety of protocols.&quot;&gt;Packet switched jaringan seperti ARPANET, Mark I di NPL di Inggris, CYCLADES, Merit Network, Tymnet, dan Telenet, yang dikembangkan pada tahun 1960-an dan awal 1970-an menggunakan berbagai protokol. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The ARPANET in particular led to the development of protocols for internetworking, in which multiple separate networks could be joined together into a network of networks.&quot;&gt;ARPANET secara khusus mengarah pada pengembangan protokol untuk internetworking, di mana beberapa jaringan yang terpisah bisa bergabung bersama-sama ke jaringan dari jaringan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;comic sans ms&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;arial&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1982, the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) was standardized, and consequently, the concept of a world-wide network of interconnected TCP/IP networks, called the Internet, was introduced.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1982, Internet protocol (TCP / IP) adalah standar, dan akibatnya, konsep jaringan seluruh dunia dari interkoneksi jaringan TCP / IP, disebut Internet, diperkenalkan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Access to the ARPANET was expanded in 1981 when the National Science Foundation (NSF) developed the Computer Science Network (CSNET) and again in 1986 when NSFNET provided access to supercomputer sites in the United States from research and education organizations.&quot;&gt;Akses ke ARPANET diperluas pada tahun 1981 ketika National Science Foundation (NSF) mengembangkan Ilmu Komputer Jaringan (CSNET) dan lagi pada tahun 1986 ketika NSFNET menyediakan akses ke situs superkomputer di Amerika Serikat dari organisasi penelitian dan pendidikan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Commercial Internet service providers (ISPs) began to emerge in the late 1980s and early 1990s.&quot;&gt;Komersial penyedia layanan Internet (ISP) mulai muncul pada 1980-an dan awal 1990-an. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The ARPANET was decommissioned in 1990.&quot;&gt;ARPANET dinonaktifkan pada tahun 1990. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.&quot;&gt;Internet dikomersialkan pada 1995 ketika NSFNET dinonaktifkan, menghilangkan pembatasan terakhir pada penggunaan Internet untuk membawa lalu lintas komersial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Internet was commercialized in 1995 when NSFNET was decommissioned, removing the last restrictions on the use of the Internet to carry commercial traffic.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Since the mid-1990s, the Internet has had a revolutionary impact on culture and commerce, including the rise of near-instant communication by electronic mail, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) &amp;quot;phone calls&amp;quot;, two-way interactive video&quot;&gt;Sejak pertengahan 1990-an, Internet telah membawa dampak revolusioner pada budaya dan perdagangan, termasuk bangkitnya komunikasi instan dekat melalui surat elektronik, instant messaging, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) &quot;panggilan telepon&quot;, dua arah video interaktif &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;calls, and the World Wide Web with its discussion forums, blogs, social networking, and online shopping sites.&quot;&gt;panggilan, dan World Wide Web dengan forum yang diskusi, blog, jejaring sosial, dan situs belanja online. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The research and education community continues to develop and use advanced networks such as NSF&#39;s very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS), Internet2, and National LambdaRail.&quot;&gt;Penelitian dan pendidikan masyarakat terus mengembangkan dan menggunakan jaringan canggih seperti NSF sangat tinggi kecepatan Backbone Layanan Jaringan (vBNS), Internet2, dan Nasional LambdaRail. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Increasing amounts of data are transmitted at higher and higher speeds over fiber optic networks operating at 1-Gbit/s, 10-Gbit/s, or more.&quot;&gt;Meningkatnya jumlah data yang ditransmisikan pada kecepatan yang lebih tinggi dan lebih tinggi melalui jaringan fiber optic beroperasi pada 1-Gbit / s, 10-Gbit / s, atau lebih. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Internet&#39;s takeover over the global communication landscape was almost instant in historical terms: it only communicated 1% of the information flowing through two-way telecommunications networks in the year 1993, already 51% by 2000, and more than 97% of the telecommunicated information&quot;&gt;Pengambilalihan internet atas lanskap komunikasi global yang hampir instan dalam hal sejarah: hanya dikomunikasikan 1% dari informasi yang mengalir melalui jaringan telekomunikasi dua arah pada tahun 1993, sudah 51% pada tahun 2000, dan lebih dari 97% dari informasi telecommunicated &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;by 2007.[1] Today the Internet continues to grow, driven by ever greater amounts of online information, commerce, entertainment, and social networking.&quot;&gt;pada tahun 2007. [1] Hari ini internet terus berkembang, didorong oleh jumlah yang semakin besar dari informasi online, perdagangan, hiburan, dan jejaring sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;See also: Victorian Internet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The telegraph system is the first fully digital communication system.&quot;&gt;Sistem telegraf adalah sistem komunikasi digital sepenuhnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Thus the Internet has precursors, such as the telegraph system, that date back to the 19th century, more than a century before the digital Internet became widely used in the second half of the 1990s.&quot;&gt;Jadi Internet memiliki prekursor, seperti sistem telegraf, yang tanggal kembali ke abad ke-19, lebih dari satu abad sebelum internet menjadi digital banyak digunakan pada paruh kedua tahun 1990-an. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The concept of data communication – transmitting data between two different places, connected via some kind of electromagnetic medium, such as radio or an electrical wire – predates the introduction of the first computers.&quot;&gt;Konsep komunikasi data - transmisi data antara dua tempat yang berbeda, terhubung melalui beberapa jenis media elektromagnetik, seperti radio atau kabel listrik - mendahului pengenalan komputer pertama. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Such communication systems were typically limited to point to point communication between two end devices.&quot;&gt;Sistem komunikasi seperti itu biasanya terbatas pada titik ke titik komunikasi antara dua perangkat akhir. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication.&quot;&gt;Sistem telegraf dan mesin teleks dapat dianggap prekursor awal jenis komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telegraph systems and telex machines can be considered early precursors of this kind of communication.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory was developed by Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley, during the early 20th century.&quot;&gt;Pekerjaan teoritis mendasar dalam transmisi data dan teori informasi dikembangkan oleh Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, dan Ralph Hartley, selama awal abad ke-20.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory was developed by Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley, during the early 20th century.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Fundamental theoretical work in data transmission and information theory was developed by Claude Shannon, Harry Nyquist, and Ralph Hartley, during the early 20th century.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Early computers used the technology available at the time to allow communication between the central processing unit and remote terminals.&quot;&gt;Komputer awal menggunakan teknologi yang tersedia pada saat itu untuk memungkinkan komunikasi antara central processing unit dan remote terminal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As the technology evolved, new systems were devised to allow communication over longer distances (for terminals) or with higher speed (for interconnection of local devices) that were necessary for the mainframe computer model.&quot;&gt;Sebagai teknologi berkembang, sistem baru yang dirancang untuk memungkinkan komunikasi jarak yang lebih jauh (untuk terminal) atau dengan kecepatan yang lebih tinggi (untuk interkoneksi perangkat lokal) yang diperlukan untuk model komputer mainframe. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Using these technologies made it possible to exchange data (such as files) between remote computers.&quot;&gt;Menggunakan teknologi ini memungkinkan untuk pertukaran data (seperti file) antar komputer remote. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;However, the point to point communication model was limited, as it did not allow for direct communication between any two arbitrary systems; a physical link was necessary.&quot;&gt;Namun, titik ke titik model komunikasi terbatas, karena tidak memungkinkan untuk komunikasi langsung antara dua sistem sewenang-wenang, sebuah link fisik yang diperlukan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The technology was also deemed as inherently unsafe for strategic and military use, because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack.&quot;&gt;Teknologi ini juga dianggap sebagai inheren tidak aman untuk penggunaan strategis dan militer, karena tidak ada jalur alternatif untuk komunikasi dalam kasus serangan musuh.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The technology was also deemed as inherently unsafe for strategic and military use, because there were no alternative paths for the communication in case of an enemy attack.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Three terminals and an ARPA&quot;&gt;Tiga terminal dan ARPA&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Three terminals and an ARPA&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: RAND Corporation and ARPANET&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: RAND Corporation dan ARPANET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: RAND Corporation and ARPANET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: RAND Corporation and ARPANET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A fundamental pioneer in the call for a global network, JCR Licklider, articulated the ideas in his January 1960 paper, Man-Computer Symbiosis.&quot;&gt;Sebuah perintis mendasar dalam panggilan untuk jaringan global, JCR Licklider, diartikulasikan ide-ide dalam bukunya Januari 1960 kertas, Simbiosis Manusia-Komputer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A fundamental pioneer in the call for a global network, JCR Licklider, articulated the ideas in his January 1960 paper, Man-Computer Symbiosis.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A fundamental pioneer in the call for a global network, JCR Licklider, articulated the ideas in his January 1960 paper, Man-Computer Symbiosis.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;A network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines [which provided] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&quot;Sebuah jaringan komputer [seperti], yang dihubungkan satu sama lain dengan jalur komunikasi lebar-band [yang disediakan] fungsi perpustakaan saat ini bersama dengan kemajuan diantisipasi dalam penyimpanan dan pengambilan informasi dan fungsi [lainnya] simbiosis.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;A network of such [computers], connected to one another by wide-band communication lines [which provided] the functions of present-day libraries together with anticipated advances in information storage and retrieval and [other] symbiotic functions.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;—J.C.R.&quot;&gt;-J.C.R. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider, [2]&quot;&gt;Licklider, [2]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider, [2]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider, [2]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In August 1962, Licklider and Welden Clark published the paper &amp;quot;On-Line Man Computer Communication&amp;quot;, which was one of the first descriptions of a networked future.&quot;&gt;Pada Agustus 1962, Licklider dan Welden Clark menerbitkan makalah &quot;On-Line Man Computer Communication&quot;, yang merupakan salah satu deskripsi pertama jaringan masa depan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In August 1962, Licklider and Welden Clark published the paper &amp;quot;On-Line Man Computer Communication&amp;quot;, which was one of the first descriptions of a networked future.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In August 1962, Licklider and Welden Clark published the paper &amp;quot;On-Line Man Computer Communication&amp;quot;, which was one of the first descriptions of a networked future.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In October 1962, Licklider was hired by Jack Ruina as Director of the newly established Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) within DARPA, with a mandate to interconnect the United States Department of Defense&#39;s main computers at Cheyenne Mountain, the Pentagon, and SAC HQ.&quot;&gt;Pada Oktober 1962, Licklider dipekerjakan oleh Jack Ruina sebagai Direktur baru didirikan Informasi Teknik Pengolahan Kantor (IPTO) dalam DARPA, dengan mandat untuk interkoneksi Amerika Serikat Departemen komputer utama Pertahanan di Gunung Cheyenne, Pentagon, dan SAC HQ. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;There he formed an informal group within DARPA to further computer research.&quot;&gt;Di sana ia membentuk kelompok informal dalam DARPA untuk penelitian komputer lebih lanjut. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;He began by writing memos describing a distributed network to the IPTO staff, whom he called &amp;quot;Members and Affiliates of the Intergalactic Computer Network&amp;quot;.&quot;&gt;Dia mulai dengan menulis memo menggambarkan jaringan didistribusikan ke staf IPTO, yang disebutnya &quot;Anggota dan Afiliasi dari intergalaksi Jaringan Komputer&quot;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As part of the information processing office&#39;s role, three network terminals had been installed: one for System Development Corporation in Santa Monica, one for Project Genie at the University of California, Berkeley and one for the Compatible Time-Sharing System project at the Massachusetts Institute&quot;&gt;Sebagai bagian dari peran pengolahan kantor informasi, tiga terminal jaringan telah dipasang: satu untuk Sistem Development Corporation di Santa Monica, satu untuk Proyek Genie di University of California, Berkeley dan satu untuk proyek Sistem Time-Sharing Kompatibel di Massachusetts Institute &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;of Technology (MIT).&quot;&gt;of Technology (MIT). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider&#39;s identified need for inter-networking would be made obvious by the apparent waste of resources this caused.&quot;&gt;Kebutuhan diidentifikasi Licklider untuk antar-jaringan akan dibuat jelas oleh limbah jelas sumber daya ini disebabkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider&#39;s identified need for inter-networking would be made obvious by the apparent waste of resources this caused.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider&#39;s identified need for inter-networking would be made obvious by the apparent waste of resources this caused.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;For each of these three terminals, I had three different sets of user commands. So if I was talking online with someone at SDC and I wanted to talk to someone I knew at Berkeley or MIT about this, I had to get up from the&quot;&gt;&quot;Untuk masing-masing tiga terminal, aku punya tiga set perintah pengguna yang berbeda. Jadi jika saya sedang berbicara online dengan seseorang di SDC dan saya ingin berbicara dengan seseorang saya tahu di Berkeley atau MIT tentang ini, saya harus bangun dari &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;SDC terminal, go over and log into the other terminal and get in touch with them. [...] I said, it&#39;s obvious what to do (But I don&#39;t want to do it): If you have these three terminals,&quot;&gt;SDC terminal, menyeberang dan masuk ke terminal lain dan berhubungan dengan mereka [...] Aku berkata, jelas apa yang harus dilakukan (Tapi aku tidak ingin melakukannya):. Jika Anda memiliki tiga terminal, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;there ought to be one terminal that goes anywhere you want to go where you have interactive computing. That idea is the ARPAnet.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;harus ada satu terminal yang berjalan di manapun Anda ingin pergi di mana Anda telah komputasi interaktif. Itu adalah ide ARPAnet. &quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;there ought to be one terminal that goes anywhere you want to go where you have interactive computing. That idea is the ARPAnet.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;—Robert W. Taylor, co-writer with Licklider of &amp;quot;The Computer as a Communications Device&amp;quot;, in an interview with The New York Times, [3]&quot;&gt;-Robert W. Taylor, co-writer dengan Licklider dari &quot;Komputer sebagai Perangkat Komunikasi&quot;, dalam sebuah wawancara dengan The New York Times, [3]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;—Robert W. Taylor, co-writer with Licklider of &amp;quot;The Computer as a Communications Device&amp;quot;, in an interview with The New York Times, [3]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;—Robert W. Taylor, co-writer with Licklider of &amp;quot;The Computer as a Communications Device&amp;quot;, in an interview with The New York Times, [3]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Although he left the IPTO in 1964, five years before the ARPANET went live, it was his vision of universal networking that provided the impetus that led his successors such as Lawrence Roberts and Robert Taylor to further the ARPANET development.&quot;&gt;Meskipun ia meninggalkan IPTO pada tahun 1964, lima tahun sebelum ARPANET pergi hidup, itu adalah visinya tentang jaringan universal yang memberikan dorongan yang dipimpin penerusnya seperti Lawrence Roberts dan Robert Taylor untuk pengembangan lebih lanjut ARPANET. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider later returned to lead the IPTO in 1973 for two years.[4]&quot;&gt;Licklider kemudian kembali untuk memimpin IPTO pada tahun 1973 selama dua tahun. [4]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Licklider later returned to lead the IPTO in 1973 for two years.[4]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet switching&quot;&gt;Packet switching&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet switching&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: Packet switching&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: Packet switching&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: Packet switching&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Len Kleinrock and the first Interface Message Processor.[5]&quot;&gt;Len Kleinrock dan pertama Antarmuka Message Processor. [5]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Len Kleinrock and the first Interface Message Processor.[5]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Len Kleinrock and the first Interface Message Processor.[5]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;At the tip of the problem lay the issue of connecting separate physical networks to form one logical network.&quot;&gt;Di ujung masalah meletakkan isu menghubungkan jaringan fisik yang terpisah untuk membentuk satu jaringan logis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;During the 1960s, Paul Baran (RAND Corporation) produced a study of survivable networks for the US military.&quot;&gt;Selama tahun 1960, Paul Baran (RAND Corporation) menghasilkan penelitian jaringan survivable bagi militer AS. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Information transmitted across Baran&#39;s network would be divided into what he called &#39;message-blocks&#39;.&quot;&gt;Informasi yang dikirimkan melalui jaringan Baran itu akan dibagi ke dalam apa yang disebut &#39;pesan-blok&#39;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Independently, Donald Davies (National Physical Laboratory, UK), proposed and developed a similar network based on what he called packet-switching, the term that would ultimately be adopted.&quot;&gt;Mandiri, Donald Davies (Physical Laboratory Nasional, UK), diusulkan dan dikembangkan jaringan yang sama berdasarkan apa yang ia sebut paket-switching, istilah yang pada akhirnya akan diadopsi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Leonard Kleinrock (MIT) developed a mathematical theory behind this technology.&quot;&gt;Leonard Kleinrock (MIT) mengembangkan teori matematika di balik teknologi ini. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet-switching provides better bandwidth utilization and response times than the traditional circuit-switching technology used for telephony, particularly on resource-limited interconnection links.[6]&quot;&gt;Packet-switching menyediakan utilisasi bandwidth yang lebih baik dan waktu respon dari teknologi tradisional circuit-switching digunakan untuk telepon, terutama pada link interkoneksi terbatas sumber daya. [6]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet-switching provides better bandwidth utilization and response times than the traditional circuit-switching technology used for telephony, particularly on resource-limited interconnection links.[6]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet-switching provides better bandwidth utilization and response times than the traditional circuit-switching technology used for telephony, particularly on resource-limited interconnection links.[6]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Packet switching is a rapid store and forward networking design that divides messages up into arbitrary packets, with routing decisions made per-packet.&quot;&gt;Packet switching adalah toko yang cepat dan desain jaringan maju yang membagi pesan hingga menjadi paket sewenang-wenang, dengan routing keputusan yang dibuat per-paket. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Early networks used message switched systems that required rigid routing structures prone to single point of failure.&quot;&gt;Awal jaringan digunakan pesan diaktifkan sistem yang diperlukan struktur routing kaku rentan terhadap titik tunggal kegagalan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This led Tommy Krash and Paul Baran&#39;s US military funded research to focus on using message-blocks to include network redundancy.[7] The widespread urban legend that the Internet was designed to resist a nuclear attack likely arose as a result of Baran&#39;s earlier work on&quot;&gt;Hal ini menyebabkan Tommy Krash dan Paul Baran militer AS penelitian yang didanai untuk fokus pada menggunakan pesan-blok untuk memasukkan redundansi jaringan. [7] Legenda perkotaan luas bahwa Internet dirancang untuk menahan serangan nuklir mungkin muncul sebagai akibat dari pekerjaan sebelumnya Baran pada &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;packet switching, which did focus on redundancy in the face of a nuclear &amp;quot;holocaust.&amp;quot;[8][9]&quot;&gt;packet switching, yang melakukan fokus pada redundansi dalam menghadapi nuklir &quot;holocaust.&quot; [8] [9]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;packet switching, which did focus on redundancy in the face of a nuclear &amp;quot;holocaust.&amp;quot;[8][9]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Networks that led to the Internet&quot;&gt;Jaringan yang mengarah ke Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Networks that led to the Internet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET&quot;&gt;ARPANET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: ARPANET&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: ARPANET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: ARPANET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: ARPANET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Promoted to the head of the information processing office at DARPA, Robert Taylor intended to realize Licklider&#39;s ideas of an interconnected networking system.&quot;&gt;Dipromosikan menjadi kepala kantor pengolahan informasi di DARPA, Robert Taylor dimaksudkan untuk mewujudkan ide-ide Licklider tentang sistem jaringan saling berhubungan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Bringing in Larry Roberts from MIT, he initiated a project to build such a network.&quot;&gt;Membawa Larry Roberts dari MIT, ia memulai sebuah proyek untuk membangun jaringan seperti itu. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first ARPANET link was established between the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute at 22:30 hours on October 29, 1969.&quot;&gt;Link pertama ARPANET didirikan antara University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) dan Stanford Research Institute di 22:30 pada tanggal 29 Oktober 1969.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first ARPANET link was established between the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute at 22:30 hours on October 29, 1969.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first ARPANET link was established between the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) and the Stanford Research Institute at 22:30 hours on October 29, 1969.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;We set up a telephone connection between us and the guys at SRI ...&amp;quot;, Kleinrock ...&quot;&gt;&quot;Kami mendirikan sambungan telepon antara kami dan orang-orang di SRI ...&quot;, Kleinrock ... &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;said in an interview: &amp;quot;We typed the L and we asked on the phone,&quot;&gt;mengatakan dalam sebuah wawancara: &quot;Kami diketik L dan kami meminta di telepon,&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;said in an interview: &amp;quot;We typed the L and we asked on the phone,&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;said in an interview: &amp;quot;We typed the L and we asked on the phone,&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Do you see the L?&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&quot;Apakah Anda melihat L?&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Do you see the L?&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Yes, we see the L,&amp;quot; came the response.&quot;&gt;&quot;Ya, kita melihat L,&quot; datang tanggapan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Yes, we see the L,&amp;quot; came the response.&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;We typed the O, and we asked, &amp;quot;Do you see the O.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;Kami mengetik O, dan kita bertanya, &quot;Apakah Anda melihat O.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;We typed the O, and we asked, &amp;quot;Do you see the O.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Yes, we see the O.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&quot;Ya, kita melihat O.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;&amp;quot;Yes, we see the O.&amp;quot;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Then we typed the G, and the system crashed ...&quot;&gt;Kemudian kita mengetik G, dan sistem jatuh ...&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Then we typed the G, and the system crashed ...&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Then we typed the G, and the system crashed ...&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Yet a revolution had begun&amp;quot; ....[10]&quot;&gt;Namun revolusi telah dimulai &quot;.... [10]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Yet a revolution had begun&amp;quot; ....[10]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Yet a revolution had begun&amp;quot; ....[10]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;35 Years of the Internet, 1969-2004.&quot;&gt;35 Tahun Internet, 1969-2004. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Stamp of Azerbaijan, 2004.&quot;&gt;Stamp Azerbaijan, 2004.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Stamp of Azerbaijan, 2004.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Stamp of Azerbaijan, 2004.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By December 5, 1969, a 4-node network was connected by adding the University of Utah and the University of California, Santa Barbara.&quot;&gt;Dengan 5 Desember 1969, jaringan 4-node telah terhubung dengan menambahkan University of Utah dan University of California, Santa Barbara. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Building on ideas developed in ALOHAnet, the ARPANET grew rapidly.&quot;&gt;Membangun di atas ide yang dikembangkan dalam ALOHAnet, ARPANET tumbuh pesat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added approximately every twenty days.[11][12]&quot;&gt;Pada 1981, jumlah host telah berkembang menjadi 213, dengan host baru yang ditambahkan kira-kira setiap dua puluh hari [11] [12].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added approximately every twenty days.[11][12]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1981, the number of hosts had grown to 213, with a new host being added approximately every twenty days.[11][12]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET development was centered around the Request for Comments (RFC) process, still used today for proposing and distributing Internet Protocols and Systems.&quot;&gt;Pengembangan ARPANET berpusat di sekitar Request for Comments (RFC) proses, masih digunakan sampai sekarang untuk mengusulkan dan mendistribusikan Internet Protokol dan Sistem. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;RFC 1, entitled &amp;quot;Host Software&amp;quot;, was written by Steve Crocker from the University of California, Los Angeles, and published on April 7, 1969.&quot;&gt;RFC 1, berjudul &quot;Host Perangkat Lunak&quot;, ditulis oleh Steve Crocker dari University of California, Los Angeles, dan diterbitkan pada tanggal 7 April 1969. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;These early years were documented in the 1972 film Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing.&quot;&gt;Tahun-tahun awal didokumentasikan dalam 1972 Film Jaringan Komputer: The Herald of Resource Sharing.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;These early years were documented in the 1972 film Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;These early years were documented in the 1972 film Computer Networks: The Heralds of Resource Sharing.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET became the technical core of what would become the Internet, and a primary tool in developing the technologies used.&quot;&gt;ARPANET menjadi inti teknis apa yang akan menjadi Internet, dan alat utama dalam mengembangkan teknologi yang digunakan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The early ARPANET used the Network Control Program (NCP, sometimes Network Control Protocol) rather than TCP/IP.&quot;&gt;ARPANET awal menggunakan Network Control Program (NCP, terkadang Network Control Protocol) daripada TCP / IP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On January 1, 1983, known as flag day, NCP on the ARPANET was replaced by the more flexible and powerful family of TCP/IP protocols, marking the start of the modern Internet.[13]&quot;&gt;Pada tanggal 1 Januari 1983, yang dikenal sebagai hari bendera, NCP di ARPANET digantikan oleh keluarga lebih fleksibel dan kuat dari protokol TCP / IP, menandai dimulainya internet modern. [13]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On January 1, 1983, known as flag day, NCP on the ARPANET was replaced by the more flexible and powerful family of TCP/IP protocols, marking the start of the modern Internet.[13]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On January 1, 1983, known as flag day, NCP on the ARPANET was replaced by the more flexible and powerful family of TCP/IP protocols, marking the start of the modern Internet.[13]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;International collaborations on ARPANET were sparse.&quot;&gt;Kolaborasi internasional di ARPANET yang jarang. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;For various political reasons, European developers were concerned with developing the X.25 networks.&quot;&gt;Untuk berbagai alasan politik, pengembang Eropa khawatir dengan mengembangkan jaringan X.25. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Notable exceptions were the Norwegian Seismic Array (NORSAR) in 1972, followed in 1973 by Sweden with satellite links to the Tanum Earth Station and Peter Kirstein&#39;s research group in the UK, initially at the Institute of Computer Science, London University and later at University College&quot;&gt;Pengecualian adalah Array Norwegia Seismik (NORSAR) pada tahun 1972, diikuti pada tahun 1973 oleh Swedia dengan link satelit ke stasiun bumi Tanum dan kelompok riset Peter Kirstein di Inggris, awalnya di Institut Ilmu Komputer, Universitas London dan kemudian di University College &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;London.[14]&quot;&gt;London [14].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;London.[14]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NPL&quot;&gt;NPL&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NPL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NPL&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1965, Donald Davies of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) proposed a national data network based on packet-switching.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1965, Donald Davies dari National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) mengusulkan jaringan data nasional berdasarkan packet switching. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The proposal was not taken up nationally, but by 1970 he had designed and built the Mark I packet-switched network to meet the needs of the multidisciplinary laboratory and prove the technology under operational conditions.[15] By 1976 12 computers and 75 terminal devices&quot;&gt;Usulan itu tidak diambil secara nasional, namun pada tahun 1970 ia telah dirancang dan dibangun Mark I jaringan packet-switched untuk memenuhi kebutuhan laboratorium multidisiplin dan membuktikan teknologi di bawah kondisi operasional [15] Pada tahun 1976 12 komputer. Dan 75 perangkat terminal &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;were attached and more were added until the network was replaced in 1986.&quot;&gt;ditempelkan dan lebih yang ditambahkan sampai jaringan diganti pada tahun 1986.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;were attached and more were added until the network was replaced in 1986.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Merit Network&quot;&gt;Merit Jaringan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Merit Network&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Merit Network&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Merit Network[16] was formed in 1966 as the Michigan Educational Research Information Triad to explore computer networking between three of Michigan&#39;s public universities as a means to help the state&#39;s educational and economic development.[17] With initial support from the State of Michigan&quot;&gt;Merit Jaringan [16] dibentuk pada tahun 1966 sebagai Michigan Pendidikan Informasi Riset Triad untuk mengeksplorasi jaringan komputer antara tiga universitas negeri Michigan sebagai sarana untuk membantu pembangunan pendidikan dan ekonomi negara. [17] Dengan dukungan awal dari Negara Bagian Michigan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;and the National Science Foundation (NSF), the packet-switched network was first demonstrated in December 1971 when an interactive host to host connection was made between the IBM mainframe computer systems at the University of Michigan in Ann Arbor and Wayne State University in Detroit.&quot;&gt;dan National Science Foundation (NSF), jaringan packet-switched pertama kali ditunjukkan pada bulan Desember 1971 ketika tuan rumah interaktif untuk koneksi host dibuat antara sistem komputer mainframe IBM di University of Michigan di Ann Arbor dan Wayne State University di Detroit. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;[18] In October 1972 connections to the CDC mainframe at Michigan State University in East Lansing completed the triad.&quot;&gt;[18] Pada Oktober 1972 koneksi ke mainframe CDC di Michigan State University di East Lansing menyelesaikan tiga serangkai. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Over the next several years in addition to host to host interactive connections the network was enhanced to support terminal to host connections, host to host batch connections (remote job submission, remote printing, batch file transfer), interactive file transfer, gateways to the Tymnet&quot;&gt;Selama beberapa tahun ke depan di samping untuk menjadi tuan rumah untuk menjadi tuan rumah koneksi interaktif jaringan ditingkatkan untuk mendukung terminal untuk koneksi host, host to host koneksi bets (penyerahan pekerjaan jarak jauh, cetak jarak jauh, transfer file batch), transfer file interaktif, gateway ke Tymnet &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;and Telenet public data networks, X.25 host attachments, gateways to X.25 data networks, Ethernet attached hosts, and eventually TCP/IP and additional public universities in Michigan join the network.[18][19] All of this set the&quot;&gt;dan Telenet jaringan publik data, X.25 lampiran tuan rumah, gateway untuk X.25 jaringan data, Ethernet host terpasang, dan akhirnya TCP / IP dan tambahan perguruan tinggi negeri di Michigan bergabung jaringan. [18] [19] Semua ini mengatur &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;stage for Merit&#39;s role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s.&quot;&gt;panggung untuk peran Merit dalam proyek NSFNET dimulai pada pertengahan 1980-an.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;stage for Merit&#39;s role in the NSFNET project starting in the mid-1980s.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CYCLADES&quot;&gt;CYCLADES&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CYCLADES&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CYCLADES&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The CYCLADES packet switching network was a French research network designed and directed by Louis Pouzin.&quot;&gt;Para CYCLADES packet switching jaringan adalah jaringan penelitian Prancis yang dirancang dan disutradarai oleh Louis Pouzin. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;First demonstrated in 1973, it was developed to explore alternatives to the initial ARPANET design and to support network research generally.&quot;&gt;Pertama kali ditunjukkan pada tahun 1973, itu dikembangkan untuk mengeksplorasi alternatif ke desain ARPANET awal dan untuk mendukung penelitian jaringan umumnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.[20][21]&quot;&gt;Itu adalah jaringan pertama untuk membuat tuan rumah bertanggung jawab untuk pengiriman data yang handal, bukan jaringan itu sendiri, menggunakan datagrams diandalkan dan mekanisme protokol end-to-end yang terkait. [20] [21]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It was the first network to make the hosts responsible for the reliable delivery of data, rather than the network itself, using unreliable datagrams and associated end-to-end protocol mechanisms.[20][21]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;X.25 and public data networks&quot;&gt;X.25 dan jaringan data publik&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;X.25 and public data networks&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: X.25, Bulletin board system, and FidoNet&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: X.25, sistem papan pengumuman, dan FidoNet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: X.25, Bulletin board system, and FidoNet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;File:ABC Clarke predicts internet and PC.ogv&quot;&gt;File: ABC Clarke memprediksi internet dan PC.ogv&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;File:ABC Clarke predicts internet and PC.ogv&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1974 ABC interview with Arthur C. Clarke, in which he describes a future of ubiquitous networked personal computers.&quot;&gt;1974 ABC wawancara dengan Arthur C. Clarke, di mana ia menggambarkan masa depan di mana-mana komputer pribadi jaringan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1974 ABC interview with Arthur C. Clarke, in which he describes a future of ubiquitous networked personal computers.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1974 ABC interview with Arthur C. Clarke, in which he describes a future of ubiquitous networked personal computers.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Based on ARPA&#39;s research, packet switching network standards were developed by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU) in the form of X.25 and related standards.&quot;&gt;Berdasarkan penelitian ARPA, paket standar jaringan switching dikembangkan oleh International Telecommunication Union (ITU) dalam bentuk X.25 dan standar yang terkait. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;While using packet switching, X.25 is built on the concept of virtual circuits emulating traditional telephone connections.&quot;&gt;Sementara menggunakan packet switching, X.25 dibangun pada konsep virtual circuit meniru sambungan telepon tradisional. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1974, X.25 formed the basis for the SERCnet network between British academic and research sites, which later became JANET.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1974, X.25 membentuk dasar untuk jaringan SERCnet antara Inggris akademik dan lokasi penelitian, yang kemudian menjadi JANET. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The initial ITU Standard on X.25 was approved in March 1976.[22]&quot;&gt;Awal ITU Standar X.25 disetujui pada Maret 1976. [22]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The initial ITU Standard on X.25 was approved in March 1976.[22]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The initial ITU Standard on X.25 was approved in March 1976.[22]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The British Post Office, Western Union International and Tymnet collaborated to create the first international packet switched network, referred to as the International Packet Switched Service (IPSS), in 1978.&quot;&gt;Kantor Pos Inggris, Western Union International dan Tymnet berkolaborasi untuk menciptakan paket switched jaringan internasional pertama, disebut sebagai Packet Switched International Service (IPSS), pada tahun 1978. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This network grew from Europe and the US to cover Canada, Hong Kong and Australia by 1981.&quot;&gt;Jaringan ini tumbuh dari Eropa dan Amerika Serikat untuk menutupi Kanada, Hong Kong dan Australia pada tahun 1981. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure.[23]&quot;&gt;Pada 1990-an itu memberikan infrastruktur jaringan di seluruh dunia. [23]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure.[23]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By the 1990s it provided a worldwide networking infrastructure.[23]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Unlike ARPANET, X.25 was commonly available for business use.&quot;&gt;Tidak seperti ARPANET, X.25 adalah umumnya tersedia untuk penggunaan bisnis. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telenet offered its Telemail electronic mail service, which was also targeted to enterprise use rather than the general email system of the ARPANET.&quot;&gt;Telenet ditawarkan Telemail layanan surat elektronik, yang juga ditargetkan untuk menggunakan perusahaan daripada sistem email umum ARPANET.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telenet offered its Telemail electronic mail service, which was also targeted to enterprise use rather than the general email system of the ARPANET.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Telenet offered its Telemail electronic mail service, which was also targeted to enterprise use rather than the general email system of the ARPANET.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first public dial-in networks used asynchronous TTY terminal protocols to reach a concentrator operated in the public network.&quot;&gt;Pertama dial-di depan umum jaringan digunakan asynchronous terminal TTY protokol untuk mencapai konsentrator dioperasikan dalam jaringan publik. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some networks, such as CompuServe, used X.25 to multiplex the terminal sessions into their packet-switched backbones, while others, such as Tymnet, used proprietary protocols.&quot;&gt;Beberapa jaringan, seperti CompuServe, X.25 digunakan untuk multipleks sesi terminal ke tulang punggung packet-switched mereka, sementara yang lain, seperti Tymnet, digunakan protokol proprietary. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1979, CompuServe became the first service to offer electronic mail capabilities and technical support to personal computer users.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1979, CompuServe menjadi layanan pertama yang menawarkan surat elektronik kemampuan dan dukungan teknis untuk pengguna komputer pribadi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The company broke new ground again in 1980 as the first to offer real-time chat with its CB Simulator.&quot;&gt;Perusahaan pecah tanah baru lagi pada tahun 1980 sebagai yang pertama menawarkan real-time chatting dengan Simulator CB tersebut. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Other major dial-in networks were America Online (AOL) and Prodigy that also provided communications, content, and entertainment features.&quot;&gt;Utama lainnya dial-in jaringan adalah America Online (AOL) dan Prodigy yang juga menyediakan komunikasi, konten, dan fitur hiburan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Many bulletin board system (BBS) networks also provided on-line access, such as FidoNet which was popular amongst hobbyist computer users, many of them hackers and amateur radio operators.[citation needed]&quot;&gt;Banyak sistem papan buletin (BBS) jaringan juga menyediakan akses on-line, seperti FidoNet yang populer di kalangan pengguna komputer hobi, banyak dari mereka hacker dan operator radio amatir. [Rujukan?]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Many bulletin board system (BBS) networks also provided on-line access, such as FidoNet which was popular amongst hobbyist computer users, many of them hackers and amateur radio operators.[citation needed]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;UUCP and Usenet&quot;&gt;UUCP dan Usenet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;UUCP and Usenet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: UUCP and Usenet&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: UUCP dan Usenet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: UUCP and Usenet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: UUCP and Usenet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1979, two students at Duke University, Tom Truscott and Jim Ellis, came up with the idea of using simple Bourne shell scripts to transfer news and messages on a serial line UUCP connection with nearby University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1979, dua mahasiswa di Duke University, Tom Truscott dan Jim Ellis, datang dengan ide untuk menggunakan sederhana Bourne shell script untuk mentransfer berita dan pesan pada jalur koneksi UUCP serial dengan sekitar University of North Carolina di Chapel Hill. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Following public release of the software, the mesh of UUCP hosts forwarding on the Usenet news rapidly expanded.&quot;&gt;Mengikuti rilis publik dari perangkat lunak, mesh dari host UUCP forwarding pada berita Usenet berkembang pesat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;UUCPnet, as it would later be named, also created gateways and links between FidoNet and dial-up BBS hosts.&quot;&gt;UUCPnet, karena nantinya akan bernama, juga menciptakan gateway dan hubungan antara FidoNet dan dial-up BBS host. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;UUCP networks spread quickly due to the lower costs involved, ability to use existing leased lines, X.25 links or even ARPANET connections, and the lack of strict use policies (commercial organizations who might provide bug fixes) compared to later networks like CSNET and&quot;&gt;Jaringan UUCP menyebar dengan cepat karena rendahnya biaya yang terlibat, kemampuan untuk menggunakan leased line yang ada, X.25 link atau bahkan sambungan ARPANET, dan kurangnya kebijakan penggunaan yang ketat (organisasi komersial yang mungkin memberikan perbaikan bug) dibandingkan dengan jaringan kemudian seperti CSNET dan &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Bitnet.&quot;&gt;Bitnet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;All connects were local.&quot;&gt;Semua yang menghubungkan lokal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1981 the number of UUCP hosts had grown to 550, nearly doubling to 940 in 1984.&quot;&gt;Pada 1981 jumlah host UUCP telah tumbuh menjadi 550, hampir dua kali lipat menjadi 940 pada tahun 1984. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;– Sublink Network, operating since 1987 and officially founded in Italy in 1989, based its interconnectivity upon UUCP to redistribute mail and news groups messages throughout its Italian nodes (about 100 at the time) owned both by private individuals and small companies.&quot;&gt;- Sublink Jaringan, beroperasi sejak 1987 dan resmi didirikan di Italia pada tahun 1989, berdasarkan kesalingterkaitan yang pada UUCP untuk mendistribusikan surat dan kelompok berita seluruh node Italia pesan (sekitar 100 pada saat itu) yang dimiliki baik oleh perorangan dan perusahaan kecil. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Sublink Network represented possibly one of the first examples of the internet technology becoming progress through popular diffusion.[24]&quot;&gt;Sublink Jaringan diwakili mungkin salah satu contoh pertama dari teknologi internet menjadi kemajuan melalui difusi populer. [24]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Sublink Network represented possibly one of the first examples of the internet technology becoming progress through popular diffusion.[24]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Merging the networks and creating the Internet (1973–90)&quot;&gt;Penggabungan jaringan dan menciptakan Internet (1973-1990)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Merging the networks and creating the Internet (1973–90)&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;TCP/IP&quot;&gt;TCP / IP&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;TCP/IP&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Map of the TCP/IP test network in February 1982&quot;&gt;Peta jaringan uji TCP / IP pada bulan Februari 1982&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Map of the TCP/IP test network in February 1982&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: Internet Protocol Suite&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: Internet Protocol Suite&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: Internet Protocol Suite&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main article: Internet Protocol Suite&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;With so many different network methods, something was needed to unify them.&quot;&gt;Dengan begitu banyak metode jaringan yang berbeda, sesuatu yang diperlukan untuk menyatukan mereka. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Robert E. Kahn of DARPA and ARPANET recruited Vinton Cerf of Stanford University to work with him on the problem.&quot;&gt;Robert E. Kahn dari DARPA dan ARPANET direkrut Vinton Cerf dari Stanford University untuk bekerja dengan dia pada masalah. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1973, they had worked out a fundamental reformulation, where the differences between network protocols were hidden by using a common internetwork protocol, and instead of the network being responsible for reliability, as in the ARPANET, the hosts became responsible.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1973, mereka telah bekerja di luar reformulasi mendasar, di mana perbedaan antara protokol jaringan yang tersembunyi dengan menggunakan protokol internetwork umum, dan bukan jaringan yang bertanggung jawab untuk keandalan, seperti dalam ARPANET, tuan rumah menjadi bertanggung jawab. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Cerf credits Hubert Zimmerman, Gerard LeLann and Louis Pouzin (designer of the CYCLADES network) with important work on this design.[25]&quot;&gt;Cerf kredit Hubert Zimmerman, Gerard LeLann dan Louis Pouzin (desainer jaringan Cyclades) dengan pekerjaan penting pada desain ini. [25]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Cerf credits Hubert Zimmerman, Gerard LeLann and Louis Pouzin (designer of the CYCLADES network) with important work on this design.[25]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Cerf credits Hubert Zimmerman, Gerard LeLann and Louis Pouzin (designer of the CYCLADES network) with important work on this design.[25]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The specification of the resulting protocol, RFC 675 – Specification of Internet Transmission Control Program, by Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal and Carl Sunshine, Network Working Group, December 1974, contains the first attested use of the term internet, as a shorthand for internetworking;&quot;&gt;Spesifikasi dari protokol yang dihasilkan, RFC 675 - Spesifikasi Internet Transmission Control Program, oleh Vinton Cerf, Yogen Dalal dan Carl Sunshine Jaringan Kelompok Kerja, Desember 1974, berisi penggunaan dibuktikan pertama istilah internet, sebagai singkatan untuk internetworking; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;later RFCs repeat this use, so the word started out as an adjective rather than the noun it is today.&quot;&gt;kemudian RFC ulangi penggunaan ini, sehingga kata mulai keluar sebagai kata sifat bukan kata benda sekarang ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;later RFCs repeat this use, so the word started out as an adjective rather than the noun it is today.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A Stanford Research Institute&#39;s Packet Radio Van, site of the first three-way internetworked transmission.&quot;&gt;Sebuah Stanford Research Institute Packet Radio Van, situs yang pertama tiga-cara transmisi internetworked.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A Stanford Research Institute&#39;s Packet Radio Van, site of the first three-way internetworked transmission.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;A Stanford Research Institute&#39;s Packet Radio Van, site of the first three-way internetworked transmission.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;With the role of the network reduced to the bare minimum, it became possible to join almost any networks together, no matter what their characteristics were, thereby solving Kahn&#39;s initial problem.&quot;&gt;Dengan peran jaringan dikurangi menjadi minimal, menjadi mungkin untuk bergabung dengan hampir semua jaringan bersama-sama, tidak peduli apa karakteristik mereka, masalah awal Kahn sehingga pemecahan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;DARPA agreed to fund development of prototype software, and after several years of work, the first demonstration of a gateway between the Packet Radio network in the SF Bay area and the ARPANET was conducted by the Stanford Research Institute.&quot;&gt;DARPA setuju untuk mendanai pengembangan perangkat lunak prototipe, dan setelah beberapa tahun kerja, demonstrasi pertama dari sebuah gateway antara jaringan Packet Radio di Bay area SF dan ARPANET dilakukan oleh Stanford Research Institute. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On November 22, 1977 a three network demonstration was conducted including the ARPANET, the SRI&#39;s Packet Radio Van on the Packet Radio Network and the Atlantic Packet Satellite network.[26][27]&quot;&gt;Pada tanggal 22 November 1977 demonstrasi jaringan ketiga dilaksanakan termasuk ARPANET, SRI Packet Radio Van pada Packet Radio Network dan Atlantik paket jaringan satelit. [26] [27]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On November 22, 1977 a three network demonstration was conducted including the ARPANET, the SRI&#39;s Packet Radio Van on the Packet Radio Network and the Atlantic Packet Satellite network.[26][27]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On November 22, 1977 a three network demonstration was conducted including the ARPANET, the SRI&#39;s Packet Radio Van on the Packet Radio Network and the Atlantic Packet Satellite network.[26][27]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Stemming from the first specifications of TCP in 1974, TCP/IP emerged in mid-late 1978 in nearly final form.&quot;&gt;Berasal dari spesifikasi TCP pertama pada tahun 1974, TCP / IP muncul pada pertengahan akhir tahun 1978 dalam bentuk yang hampir final. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1981, the associated standards were published as RFCs 791, 792 and 793 and adopted for use.&quot;&gt;Pada 1981, standar terkait yang diterbitkan sebagai RFC 791, 792 dan 793 dan diadopsi untuk digunakan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;DARPA sponsored or encouraged the development of TCP/IP implementations for many operating systems and then scheduled a migration of all hosts on all of its packet networks to TCP/IP.&quot;&gt;DARPA disponsori atau mendorong pengembangan implementasi TCP / IP untuk berbagai sistem operasi dan kemudian dijadwalkan migrasi dari semua host pada semua jaringan paket untuk TCP / IP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On January 1, 1983, known as flag day, TCP/IP protocols became the only approved protocol on the ARPANET, replacing the earlier NCP protocol.[28]&quot;&gt;Pada tanggal 1 Januari 1983, yang dikenal sebagai hari bendera, protokol TCP / IP menjadi protokol hanya disetujui pada ARPANET, menggantikan protokol NCP sebelumnya. [28]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On January 1, 1983, known as flag day, TCP/IP protocols became the only approved protocol on the ARPANET, replacing the earlier NCP protocol.[28]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET to the federal wide area networks: MILNET, NSI, ESNet, CSNET, and NSFNET&quot;&gt;ARPANET ke wide area network Federal: MILNET, NSI, ESnet, CSNET, dan NSFNET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;ARPANET to the federal wide area networks: MILNET, NSI, ESNet, CSNET, and NSFNET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: ARPANET and NSFNET&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: ARPANET dan NSFNET&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: ARPANET and NSFNET&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;BBN Technologies TCP/IP internet map early 1986&quot;&gt;BBN Technologies TCP / IP internet peta awal 1986&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;BBN Technologies TCP/IP internet map early 1986&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;BBN Technologies TCP/IP internet map early 1986&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;After the ARPANET had been up and running for several years, ARPA looked for another agency to hand off the network to; ARPA&#39;s primary mission was funding cutting edge research and development, not running a communications utility.&quot;&gt;Setelah ARPANET sudah bangun dan berjalan selama beberapa tahun, ARPA mencari lembaga lain untuk menyerahkan jaringan; misi utama ARPA adalah pendanaan penelitian canggih dan pengembangan, tidak menjalankan utilitas komunikasi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Eventually, in July 1975, the network had been turned over to the Defense Communications Agency, also part of the Department of Defense.&quot;&gt;Akhirnya, pada bulan Juli 1975, jaringan telah diserahkan kepada Badan Komunikasi Pertahanan, juga merupakan bagian dari Departemen Pertahanan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1983, the US military portion of the ARPANET was broken off as a separate network, the MILNET.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1983, militer AS bagian dari ARPANET telah putus sebagai jaringan yang terpisah, MILNET. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;MILNET subsequently became the unclassified but military-only NIPRNET, in parallel with the SECRET-level SIPRNET and JWICS for TOP SECRET and above.&quot;&gt;MILNET kemudian menjadi unclassified tapi hanya-militer NIPRNET, secara paralel dengan SIPRNET RAHASIA-level dan JWICS untuk TOP SECRET dan di atas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NIPRNET does have controlled security gateways to the public Internet.&quot;&gt;NIPRNET tidak telah dikendalikan gateway keamanan ke Internet umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NIPRNET does have controlled security gateways to the public Internet.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NIPRNET does have controlled security gateways to the public Internet.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The networks based on the ARPANET were government funded and therefore restricted to noncommercial uses such as research; unrelated commercial use was strictly forbidden.&quot;&gt;Jaringan berdasarkan ARPANET yang didanai pemerintah dan karena itu dibatasi untuk penggunaan non-komersial seperti penelitian, penggunaan komersial terkait dilarang keras. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This initially restricted connections to military sites and universities.&quot;&gt;Ini awalnya dibatasi koneksi ke situs militer dan universitas. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;During the 1980s, the connections expanded to more educational institutions, and even to a growing number of companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett-Packard, which were participating in research projects or providing services to those who were.&quot;&gt;Selama tahun 1980, hubungan diperluas ke lembaga pendidikan lainnya, dan bahkan semakin banyak perusahaan seperti Digital Equipment Corporation dan Hewlett-Packard, yang berpartisipasi dalam proyek-proyek penelitian atau memberikan jasa kepada mereka yang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;During the 1980s, the connections expanded to more educational institutions, and even to a growing number of companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett-Packard, which were participating in research projects or providing services to those who were.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;During the 1980s, the connections expanded to more educational institutions, and even to a growing number of companies such as Digital Equipment Corporation and Hewlett-Packard, which were participating in research projects or providing services to those who were.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Several other branches of the US government, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the National Science Foundation (NSF), and the Department of Energy (DOE) became heavily involved in Internet research and started development of a successor to ARPANET.&quot;&gt;Beberapa cabang lain dari pemerintah AS, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), National Science Foundation (NSF), dan Departemen Energi (DOE) menjadi sangat terlibat dalam penelitian Internet dan memulai pengembangan pengganti ARPANET. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In the mid-1980s, all three of these branches developed the first Wide Area Networks based on TCP/IP.&quot;&gt;Pada pertengahan 1980-an, ketiga cabang ini dikembangkan pertama Wide Area Networks berbasis TCP / IP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NASA developed the NASA Science Network, NSF developed CSNET and DOE evolved the Energy Sciences Network or ESNet.&quot;&gt;NASA mengembangkan Jaringan Ilmu NASA, NSF dikembangkan CSNET dan berevolusi DOE Energi Jaringan Ilmu Pengetahuan atau ESnet.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NASA developed the NASA Science Network, NSF developed CSNET and DOE evolved the Energy Sciences Network or ESNet.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;T3 NSFNET Backbone, c.&quot;&gt;T3 NSFNET Backbone, c. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1992&quot;&gt;1992&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1992&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;1992&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NASA developed the TCP/IP based NASA Science Network (NSN) in the mid-1980s, connecting space scientists to data and information stored anywhere in the world.&quot;&gt;NASA mengembangkan TCP / IP berbasis NASA Ilmu Jaringan (NSN) pada pertengahan 1980-an, para ilmuwan menghubungkan ruang untuk data dan informasi yang disimpan di mana saja di dunia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1989, the DECnet-based Space Physics Analysis Network (SPAN) and the TCP/IP-based NASA Science Network (NSN) were brought together at NASA Ames Research Center creating the first multiprotocol wide area network called the NASA Science Internet, or NSI&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1989, Space berbasis DECnet Fisika Analisis Jaringan (SPAN) dan TCP / IP berbasis NASA Ilmu Jaringan (NSN) dipertemukan di NASA Ames Research Center menciptakan pertama multiprotocol wide area network disebut NASA Ilmu Internet, atau NSI &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;.&quot;&gt;. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSI was established to provide a totally integrated communications infrastructure to the NASA scientific community for the advancement of earth, space and life sciences.&quot;&gt;NSI didirikan untuk menyediakan infrastruktur komunikasi benar-benar terintegrasi dengan komunitas ilmiah NASA untuk kemajuan bumi, ruang dan ilmu kehidupan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As a high-speed, multiprotocol, international network, NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents.&quot;&gt;Sebagai kecepatan tinggi, multiprotocol, jaringan internasional, NSI tersedia konektivitas ke lebih dari 20.000 ilmuwan di seluruh tujuh benua.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As a high-speed, multiprotocol, international network, NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As a high-speed, multiprotocol, international network, NSI provided connectivity to over 20,000 scientists across all seven continents.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1981 NSF supported the development of the Computer Science Network (CSNET).&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1981 NSF mendukung pengembangan Ilmu Komputer Jaringan (CSNET). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP/IP, and ran TCP/IP over X.25, but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections, using automated dial-up mail exchange.&quot;&gt;CSNET terhubung dengan ARPANET menggunakan TCP / IP, dan berlari TCP / IP melalui X.25, tetapi juga didukung departemen tanpa sambungan jaringan yang canggih, menggunakan dial-up otomatis mail exchange.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP/IP, and ran TCP/IP over X.25, but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections, using automated dial-up mail exchange.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CSNET connected with ARPANET using TCP/IP, and ran TCP/IP over X.25, but it also supported departments without sophisticated network connections, using automated dial-up mail exchange.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Its experience with CSNET lead NSF to use TCP/IP when it created NSFNET, a 56 kbit/s backbone established in 1986, to supported the NSF sponsored supercomputing centers.&quot;&gt;Pengalaman dengan CSNET memimpin NSF untuk menggunakan TCP / IP ketika menciptakan NSFNET, sebuah 56 kbit / s backbone didirikan pada tahun 1986, untuk mendukung pusat-pusat superkomputer NSF disponsori. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The NSFNET Project also provided support for the creation of regional research and education networks in the United States and for the connection of university and college campus networks to the regional networks.[29] The use of NSFNET and the regional networks was not limited to supercomputer&quot;&gt;Proyek NSFNET juga memberikan dukungan bagi terciptanya penelitian regional dan jaringan pendidikan di Amerika Serikat dan untuk sambungan jaringan kampus dan perguruan tinggi untuk jaringan regional. [29] Penggunaan NSFNET dan jaringan regional tidak terbatas pada superkomputer &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;users and the 56 kbit/s network quickly became overloaded.&quot;&gt;pengguna dan kbit / s jaringan 56 dengan cepat menjadi kelebihan beban. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSFNET was upgraded to 1.5 Mbit/s in 1988 under a cooperative agreement with the Merit Network in partnership with IBM, MCI, and the State of Michigan.&quot;&gt;NSFNET ditingkatkan menjadi 1,5 Mbit / s pada tahun 1988 di bawah perjanjian kerjasama dengan Jaringan Merit dalam kemitraan dengan IBM, MCI, dan Negara Bagian Michigan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The existence of NSFNET and the creation of Federal Internet Exchanges (FIXes) allowed the ARPANET to be decommissioned in 1990.&quot;&gt;Keberadaan NSFNET dan penciptaan Internet Exchange federal (perbaikan) memungkinkan ARPANET akan dinonaktifkan pada tahun 1990. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSFNET was expanded and upgraded to 45 Mbit/s in 1991, and was decommissioned in 1995 when it was replaced by backbones operated by several commercial Internet Service Providers.&quot;&gt;NSFNET diperluas dan ditingkatkan menjadi 45 Mbit / s pada tahun 1991, dan dihentikan pada tahun 1995 ketika ia digantikan oleh tulang punggung dioperasikan oleh sejumlah Penyedia Layanan Internet komersial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSFNET was expanded and upgraded to 45 Mbit/s in 1991, and was decommissioned in 1995 when it was replaced by backbones operated by several commercial Internet Service Providers.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Transition towards the Internet&quot;&gt;Transisi menuju Internet&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Transition towards the Internet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Transition towards the Internet&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The term &amp;quot;internet&amp;quot; was adopted in the first RFC published on the TCP protocol (RFC 675:[30] Internet Transmission Control Program, December 1974) as an abbreviation of the term internetworking and the two terms were used interchangeably.&quot;&gt;Istilah &quot;Internet&quot; diadopsi pada RFC pertama kali diterbitkan pada protokol TCP (RFC 675: [30] Internet Transmission Control Program, Desember 1974) sebagai singkatan dari istilah internetworking dan kedua istilah digunakan secara bergantian. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In general, an internet was any network using TCP/IP.&quot;&gt;Secara umum, internet adalah jaringan yang menggunakan TCP / IP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It was around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNET in the late 1980s, that the term was used as the name of the network, Internet,[31] being the large and global TCP/IP network.&quot;&gt;Saat itu sekitar waktu ketika ARPANET saling terkait dengan NSFNET di akhir 1980-an, bahwa istilah ini digunakan sebagai nama jaringan, internet, [31] menjadi TCP / IP jaringan yang besar dan global.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It was around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNET in the late 1980s, that the term was used as the name of the network, Internet,[31] being the large and global TCP/IP network.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It was around the time when ARPANET was interlinked with NSFNET in the late 1980s, that the term was used as the name of the network, Internet,[31] being the large and global TCP/IP network.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As interest in widespread networking grew and new applications for it were developed, the Internet&#39;s technologies spread throughout the rest of the world.&quot;&gt;Sebagai bunga dalam jaringan luas tumbuh dan aplikasi baru untuk itu dikembangkan, teknologi Internet menyebar di seluruh dunia. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The network-agnostic approach in TCP/IP meant that it was easy to use any existing network infrastructure, such as the IPSS X.25 network, to carry Internet traffic.&quot;&gt;Pendekatan jaringan agnostik dalam TCP / IP berarti bahwa itu mudah untuk menggunakan infrastruktur jaringan yang ada, seperti IPSS X.25 jaringan, untuk membawa lalu lintas internet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1984, University College London replaced its transatlantic satellite links with TCP/IP over IPSS.[32]&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1984, University College London diganti link satelit transatlantik dengan TCP / IP over IPSS. [32]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1984, University College London replaced its transatlantic satellite links with TCP/IP over IPSS.[32]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1984, University College London replaced its transatlantic satellite links with TCP/IP over IPSS.[32]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Many sites unable to link directly to the Internet started to create simple gateways to allow transfer of email, at that time the most important application.&quot;&gt;Banyak situs dapat menghubungkan langsung ke Internet mulai untuk membuat gateway sederhana untuk memungkinkan transfer email, pada saat itu aplikasi yang paling penting. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Sites which only had intermittent connections used UUCP or FidoNet and relied on the gateways between these networks and the Internet.&quot;&gt;Situs yang hanya memiliki koneksi intermiten digunakan UUCP atau FidoNet dan bergantung pada gateway antara jaringan dan Internet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some gateway services went beyond simple email peering, such as allowing access to FTP sites via UUCP or email.[33]&quot;&gt;Beberapa layanan gateway melampaui email sederhana mengintip, seperti memungkinkan akses ke situs FTP melalui UUCP atau email. [33]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some gateway services went beyond simple email peering, such as allowing access to FTP sites via UUCP or email.[33]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some gateway services went beyond simple email peering, such as allowing access to FTP sites via UUCP or email.[33]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Finally, the Internet&#39;s remaining centralized routing aspects were removed.&quot;&gt;Akhirnya, aspek routing yang terpusat tersisa di Internet telah dihapus. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The EGP routing protocol was replaced by a new protocol, the Border Gateway Protocol (BGP).&quot;&gt;The EGP routing protokol digantikan oleh protokol baru, Border Gateway Protocol (BGP). &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This turned the Internet into a meshed topology and moved away from the centric architecture which ARPANET had emphasized.&quot;&gt;Ini ternyata Internet menjadi topologi menyatu dan menjauh dari arsitektur sentris yang ARPANET telah ditekankan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1994, Classless Inter-Domain Routing was introduced to support better conservation of address space which allowed use of route aggregation to decrease the size of routing tables.[34]&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1994, Classless Inter-Domain Routing diperkenalkan untuk mendukung konservasi yang lebih baik dari ruang alamat yang memungkinkan penggunaan route aggregation untuk mengurangi ukuran tabel routing. [34]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1994, Classless Inter-Domain Routing was introduced to support better conservation of address space which allowed use of route aggregation to decrease the size of routing tables.[34]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;TCP/IP goes global (1989–2010)&quot;&gt;TCP / IP berjalan dunia (1989-2010)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;TCP/IP goes global (1989–2010)&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CERN, the European Internet, the link to the Pacific and beyond&quot;&gt;CERN, Internet Eropa, link ke Pasifik dan sekitarnya&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CERN, the European Internet, the link to the Pacific and beyond&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CERN, the European Internet, the link to the Pacific and beyond&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Between 1984 and 1988 CERN began installation and operation of TCP/IP to interconnect its major internal computer systems, workstations, PCs and an accelerator control system.&quot;&gt;Antara tahun 1984 dan 1988 CERN mulai instalasi dan pengoperasian TCP / IP untuk interkoneksi sistem yang besar intern komputer, workstation, PC dan sistem kontrol akselerator. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;CERN continued to operate a limited self-developed system (CERNET) internally and several incompatible (typically proprietary) network protocols externally.&quot;&gt;CERN terus mengoperasikan sistem yang dikembangkan sendiri terbatas (CERNET) internal dan beberapa yang tidak kompatibel (biasanya proprietary) protokol jaringan eksternal. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;There was considerable resistance in Europe towards more widespread use of TCP/IP, and the CERN TCP/IP intranets remained isolated from the Internet until 1989.&quot;&gt;Ada resistensi besar di Eropa lebih luas terhadap penggunaan TCP / IP, dan CERN TCP / IP intranet tetap terisolasi dari Internet sampai 1989.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;There was considerable resistance in Europe towards more widespread use of TCP/IP, and the CERN TCP/IP intranets remained isolated from the Internet until 1989.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;There was considerable resistance in Europe towards more widespread use of TCP/IP, and the CERN TCP/IP intranets remained isolated from the Internet until 1989.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1988, Daniel Karrenberg, from Centrum Wiskunde &amp;amp; Informatica (CWI) in Amsterdam, visited Ben Segal, CERN&#39;s TCP/IP Coordinator, looking for advice about the transition of the European side of the UUCP Usenet network (much of which ran over X.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1988, Daniel Karrenberg, dari Centrum Wiskunde &amp;amp; Informatica (CWI) di Amsterdam, mengunjungi Ben Segal, CERN TCP / IP Koordinator, mencari nasihat tentang transisi dari sisi Eropa Usenet jaringan UUCP (banyak yang berlari X. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;25 links) over to TCP/IP.&quot;&gt;25 link) ke TCP / IP. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1987, Ben Segal had met with Len Bosack from the then still small company Cisco about purchasing some TCP/IP routers for CERN, and was able to give Karrenberg advice and forward him on to Cisco for the appropriate hardware.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1987, Ben Segal telah bertemu dengan Len Bosack dari itu masih kecil perusahaan Cisco tentang pembelian beberapa TCP / IP router untuk CERN, dan mampu memberikan nasihat Karrenberg dan maju dia ke Cisco untuk perangkat keras yang sesuai. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;This expanded the European portion of the Internet across the existing UUCP networks, and in 1989 CERN opened its first external TCP/IP connections.[35] This coincided with the creation of Réseaux IP Européens (RIPE), initially a group of IP network administrators&quot;&gt;Ini diperluas bagian Eropa dari Internet di seluruh jaringan UUCP yang ada, dan pada tahun 1989 CERN membuka TCP / IP koneksi eksternal pertama. [35] Hal ini bertepatan dengan penciptaan RESEAUX IP Européens (RIPE), awalnya sekelompok administrator jaringan IP &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;who met regularly to carry out co-ordination work together.&quot;&gt;yang bertemu secara teratur untuk melaksanakan pekerjaan koordinasi bersama. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Later, in 1992, RIPE was formally registered as a cooperative in Amsterdam.&quot;&gt;Kemudian, pada tahun 1992, RIPE secara resmi terdaftar sebagai koperasi di Amsterdam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Later, in 1992, RIPE was formally registered as a cooperative in Amsterdam.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Later, in 1992, RIPE was formally registered as a cooperative in Amsterdam.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;At the same time as the rise of internetworking in Europe, ad hoc networking to ARPA and in-between Australian universities formed, based on various technologies such as X.25 and UUCPNet.&quot;&gt;Pada saat yang sama sebagai kebangkitan internetworking di Eropa, jaringan ad hoc untuk ARPA dan di-antara universitas-universitas Australia terbentuk, berdasarkan berbagai teknologi seperti X.25 dan UUCPNet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;These were limited in their connection to the global networks, due to the cost of making individual international UUCP dial-up or X.25 connections.&quot;&gt;Ini adalah terbatas dalam hubungan mereka dengan jaringan global, karena biaya pembuatan UUCP internasional individu dial-up atau koneksi X.25. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1989, Australian universities joined the push towards using IP protocols to unify their networking infrastructures.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1989, universitas-universitas Australia bergabung push arah menggunakan protokol IP untuk menyatukan infrastruktur jaringan mereka. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;AARNet was formed in 1989 by the Australian Vice-Chancellors&#39; Committee and provided a dedicated IP based network for Australia.&quot;&gt;AARNet dibentuk pada tahun 1989 oleh Komite Wakil Rektor &#39;Australia dan menyediakan jaringan berbasis IP khusus untuk Australia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;AARNet was formed in 1989 by the Australian Vice-Chancellors&#39; Committee and provided a dedicated IP based network for Australia.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;AARNet was formed in 1989 by the Australian Vice-Chancellors&#39; Committee and provided a dedicated IP based network for Australia.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Internet began to penetrate Asia in the late 1980s.&quot;&gt;Internet mulai menembus Asia pada akhir 1980-an. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Japan, which had built the UUCP-based network JUNET in 1984, connected to NSFNET in 1989.&quot;&gt;Jepang, yang telah membangun JUNET berbasis jaringan UUCP pada tahun 1984, terhubung ke NSFNET pada tahun 1989. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;It hosted the annual meeting of the Internet Society, INET&#39;92, in Kobe.&quot;&gt;Ini menjadi tuan rumah pertemuan tahunan Internet Society, INET&#39;92, di Kobe. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Singapore developed TECHNET in 1990, and Thailand gained a global Internet connection between Chulalongkorn University and UUNET in 1992.[36]&quot;&gt;Singapura TechNet dikembangkan pada tahun 1990, dan Thailand mendapatkan koneksi internet global antara Chulalongkorn University dan UUNET pada tahun 1992. [36]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Singapore developed TECHNET in 1990, and Thailand gained a global Internet connection between Chulalongkorn University and UUNET in 1992.[36]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Global digital divide&quot;&gt;Kesenjangan digital global&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Global digital divide&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Internet users in 2012 as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;Pengguna internet pada tahun 2012 sebagai persentase penduduk suatu negara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Internet users in 2012 as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[37]&quot;&gt;Sumber:. International Telecommunication Union [37]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[37]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: Global digital divide and Digital divide&quot;&gt;Artikel utama: kesenjangan digital global dan kesenjangan digital&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Main articles: Global digital divide and Digital divide&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012&quot;&gt;Fixed broadband internet langganan tahun 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Fixed broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;sebagai persentase dari populasi negara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[38]&quot;&gt;Sumber:. International Telecommunication Union [38]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[38]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012&quot;&gt;Mobile broadband internet langganan tahun 2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Mobile broadband Internet subscriptions in 2012&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;sebagai persentase dari populasi negara&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;as a percentage of a country&#39;s population&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[39]&quot;&gt;Sumber:. International Telecommunication Union [39]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[39]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: International Telecommunications Union.[39]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;While developed countries with technological infrastructures were joining the Internet, developing countries began to experience a digital divide separating them from the Internet.&quot;&gt;Sementara negara-negara maju dengan infrastruktur teknologi yang bergabung Internet, negara-negara berkembang mulai mengalami kesenjangan digital memisahkan mereka dari Internet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On an essentially continental basis, they are building organizations for Internet resource administration and sharing operational experience, as more and more transmission facilities go into place.&quot;&gt;Pada dasar dasarnya benua, mereka sedang membangun organisasi untuk administrasi sumber daya internet dan berbagi pengalaman operasional, karena semakin banyak fasilitas transmisi masuk ke tempat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;On an essentially continental basis, they are building organizations for Internet resource administration and sharing operational experience, as more and more transmission facilities go into place.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Africa&quot;&gt;Afrika&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Africa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Africa&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;At the beginning of the 1990s, African countries relied upon X.25 IPSS and 2400 baud modem UUCP links for international and internetwork computer communications.&quot;&gt;Pada awal 1990-an, negara-negara Afrika diandalkan X.25 IPSS dan 2400 baud modem UUCP link untuk komunikasi internetwork internasional dan komputer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;At the beginning of the 1990s, African countries relied upon X.25 IPSS and 2400 baud modem UUCP links for international and internetwork computer communications.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;At the beginning of the 1990s, African countries relied upon X.25 IPSS and 2400 baud modem UUCP links for international and internetwork computer communications.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In August 1995, InfoMail Uganda, Ltd., a privately held firm in Kampala now known as InfoCom, and NSN Network Services of Avon, Colorado, sold in 1997 and now known as Clear Channel Satellite, established Africa&#39;s first native TCP/IP high-&quot;&gt;Pada bulan Agustus 1995, InfoMail Uganda, Ltd, sebuah perusahaan swasta di Kampala sekarang dikenal sebagai InfoCom, dan NSN Layanan Jaringan dari Avon, Colorado, dijual pada tahun 1997 dan sekarang dikenal sebagai Clear Channel satelit, didirikan Afrika pribumi pertama TCP / IP tinggi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;speed satellite Internet services.&quot;&gt;mempercepat layanan Internet satelit. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The data connection was originally carried by a C-Band RSCC Russian satellite which connected InfoMail&#39;s Kampala offices directly to NSN&#39;s MAE-West point of presence using a private network from NSN&#39;s leased ground station in New Jersey.&quot;&gt;Sambungan data awalnya dibawa oleh C-Band RSCC Rusia satelit yang menghubungkan kantor Kampala InfoMail secara langsung ke NSN MAE-West titik kehadiran menggunakan jaringan pribadi dari stasiun tanah disewa NSN di New Jersey. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;InfoCom&#39;s first satellite connection was just 64 kbit/s, serving a Sun host computer and twelve US Robotics dial-up modems.&quot;&gt;Koneksi satelit pertama InfoCom adalah hanya 64 kbit / s, melayani komputer host Sun dan dua belas US Robotics modem dial-up.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;InfoCom&#39;s first satellite connection was just 64 kbit/s, serving a Sun host computer and twelve US Robotics dial-up modems.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;InfoCom&#39;s first satellite connection was just 64 kbit/s, serving a Sun host computer and twelve US Robotics dial-up modems.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1996, a USAID funded project, the Leland Initiative, started work on developing full Internet connectivity for the continent.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1996, sebuah proyek yang didanai USAID, Leland Initiative, mulai bekerja mengembangkan konektivitas Internet lengkap untuk benua. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Guinea, Mozambique, Madagascar and Rwanda gained satellite earth stations in 1997, followed by Côte d&#39;Ivoire and Benin in 1998.&quot;&gt;Guinea, Mozambik, Madagaskar dan Rwanda memperoleh stasiun bumi satelit pada tahun 1997, diikuti oleh Pantai Gading dan Benin pada tahun 1998.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Guinea, Mozambique, Madagascar and Rwanda gained satellite earth stations in 1997, followed by Côte d&#39;Ivoire and Benin in 1998.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Guinea, Mozambique, Madagascar and Rwanda gained satellite earth stations in 1997, followed by Côte d&#39;Ivoire and Benin in 1998.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Africa is building an Internet infrastructure.&quot;&gt;Afrika membangun infrastruktur internet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;AfriNIC, headquartered in Mauritius, manages IP address allocation for the continent.&quot;&gt;AfriNIC, yang berkantor pusat di Mauritius, mengelola alokasi alamat IP untuk benua. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As do the other Internet regions, there is an operational forum, the Internet Community of Operational Networking Specialists.[40]&quot;&gt;Seperti halnya daerah lain Internet, ada forum operasional, Komunitas Internet Spesialis Jaringan Operasional. [40]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As do the other Internet regions, there is an operational forum, the Internet Community of Operational Networking Specialists.[40]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As do the other Internet regions, there is an operational forum, the Internet Community of Operational Networking Specialists.[40]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;There are many programs to provide high-performance transmission plant, and the western and southern coasts have undersea optical cable.&quot;&gt;Ada banyak program untuk menyediakan transmisi tanaman kinerja tinggi, dan pantai barat dan selatan memiliki kabel optik bawah laut. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;High-speed cables join North Africa and the Horn of Africa to intercontinental cable systems.&quot;&gt;Kabel kecepatan tinggi bergabung Afrika Utara dan Tanduk Afrika ke sistem kabel antarbenua. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Undersea cable development is slower for East Africa; the original joint effort between New Partnership for Africa&#39;s Development (NEPAD) and the East Africa Submarine System (Eassy) has broken off and may become two efforts.[41]&quot;&gt;Pembangunan kabel bawah lebih lambat untuk Afrika Timur, upaya bersama antara asli Kemitraan Baru untuk Pembangunan Afrika (NEPAD) dan Afrika Timur Submarine System (eassy) telah patah dan mungkin menjadi dua upaya [41].&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Undersea cable development is slower for East Africa; the original joint effort between New Partnership for Africa&#39;s Development (NEPAD) and the East Africa Submarine System (Eassy) has broken off and may become two efforts.[41]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Asia and Oceania&quot;&gt;Asia dan Oceania&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Asia and Oceania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Asia and Oceania&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), headquartered in Australia, manages IP address allocation for the continent.&quot;&gt;The Asia Pacific Network Information Centre (APNIC), yang berkantor pusat di Australia, mengelola alokasi alamat IP untuk benua. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;APNIC sponsors an operational forum, the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies (APRICOT).[42]&quot;&gt;APNIC mensponsori sebuah forum operasional, Konferensi Internet Regional Asia-Pasifik tentang Teknologi Operasional (APRICOT). [42]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;APNIC sponsors an operational forum, the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies (APRICOT).[42]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;APNIC sponsors an operational forum, the Asia-Pacific Regional Internet Conference on Operational Technologies (APRICOT).[42]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1991, the People&#39;s Republic of China saw its first TCP/IP college network, Tsinghua University&#39;s TUNET.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1991, Republik Rakyat Cina melihat TCP / IP jaringan perguruan tinggi pertama, Tunet Tsinghua University. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The PRC went on to make its first global Internet connection in 1994, between the Beijing Electro-Spectrometer Collaboration and Stanford University&#39;s Linear Accelerator Center.&quot;&gt;RRC melanjutkan untuk membuat koneksi internet global pertama pada tahun 1994, antara Beijing Electro-Spektrometer Kolaborasi dan Linear Accelerator Center Stanford University. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;However, China went on to implement its own digital divide by implementing a country-wide content filter.[43]&quot;&gt;Namun, Cina melanjutkan untuk melaksanakan membagi digital sendiri dengan menerapkan filter konten negara-lebar. [43]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;However, China went on to implement its own digital divide by implementing a country-wide content filter.[43]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Latin America&quot;&gt;Amerika Latin&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Latin America&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Latin America&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;As with the other regions, the Latin American and Caribbean Internet Addresses Registry (LACNIC) manages the IP address space and other resources for its area.&quot;&gt;Seperti daerah lain, Amerika Latin dan Karibia Alamat Internet Registry (LACNIC) mengelola ruang alamat IP dan sumber daya lain untuk daerahnya. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;LACNIC, headquartered in Uruguay, operates DNS root, reverse DNS, and other key services.&quot;&gt;LACNIC, berkantor pusat di Uruguay, beroperasi root DNS, reverse DNS, dan layanan penting lainnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;LACNIC, headquartered in Uruguay, operates DNS root, reverse DNS, and other key services.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Opening the network to commerce&quot;&gt;Membuka jaringan untuk perdagangan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Opening the network to commerce&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Opening the network to commerce&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The interest in commercial use of the Internet became a hotly debated topic.&quot;&gt;Kepentingan dalam penggunaan komersial internet menjadi topik hangat diperdebatkan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Although commercial use was forbidden, the exact definition of commercial use could be unclear and subjective.&quot;&gt;Meskipun penggunaan komersial dilarang, definisi yang tepat dari penggunaan komersial bisa jelas dan subjektif. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;UUCPNet and the X.25 IPSS had no such restrictions, which would eventually see the official barring of UUCPNet use of ARPANET and NSFNET connections.&quot;&gt;UUCPNet dan X.25 IPSS tidak memiliki pembatasan tersebut, yang pada akhirnya akan melihat resmi pembatasan penggunaan UUCPNet dari ARPANET dan NSFNET koneksi. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some UUCP links still remained connecting to these networks however, as administrators cast a blind eye to their operation.&quot;&gt;Beberapa UUCP link masih tetap terhubung ke jaringan tersebut Namun, sebagai administrator melemparkan mata terhadap operasi mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Some UUCP links still remained connecting to these networks however, as administrators cast a blind eye to their operation.&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Number of Internet hosts worldwide: 1981–2012&quot;&gt;Jumlah internet host di seluruh dunia: 1981-2012&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Number of Internet hosts worldwide: 1981–2012&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: Internet Systems Consortium.[44]&quot;&gt;Sumber:. Sistem Consortium [44]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: Internet Systems Consortium.[44]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Source: Internet Systems Consortium.[44]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;During the late 1980s, the first Internet service provider (ISP) companies were formed.&quot;&gt;Selama tahun 1980-an, Internet pertama penyedia layanan (ISP) perusahaan dibentuk. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;Companies like PSINet, UUNET, Netcom, and Portal Software were formed to provide service to the regional research networks and provide alternate network access, UUCP-based email and Usenet News to the public.&quot;&gt;Perusahaan seperti PSINet, UUNET, Netcom, dan Portal Software dibentuk untuk memberikan pelayanan kepada jaringan penelitian regional dan menyediakan akses jaringan alternatif, email berbasis UUCP dan Usenet News kepada publik. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first commercial dialup ISP in the United States was The World, which opened in 1989.[45]&quot;&gt;Komersial pertama dialup ISP di Amerika Serikat adalah Dunia, yang dibuka pada tahun 1989. [45]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first commercial dialup ISP in the United States was The World, which opened in 1989.[45]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The first commercial dialup ISP in the United States was The World, which opened in 1989.[45]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;In 1992, the US Congress passed the Scientific and Advanced-Technology Act, 42 USC&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1992, Kongres AS mengesahkan Ilmiah dan Advanced Technology-Undang, 42 USC &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;§ 1862(g), which allowed NSF to support access by the research and education communities to computer networks which were not used exclusively for research and education purposes, thus permitting NSFNET to interconnect with commercial networks.[46][47] This caused controversy&quot;&gt;§ 1862 (g), yang memungkinkan NSF untuk mendukung akses oleh penelitian dan pendidikan masyarakat untuk jaringan komputer yang tidak digunakan secara eksklusif untuk tujuan penelitian dan pendidikan, sehingga memungkinkan NSFNET untuk interkoneksi dengan jaringan komersial. [46] [47] Ini menimbulkan kontroversi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;within the research and education community, who were concerned commercial use of the network might lead to an Internet that was less responsive to their needs, and within the community of commercial network providers, who felt that government subsidies were giving an unfair advantage to some organizations&quot;&gt;dalam komunitas riset dan pendidikan, yang khawatir penggunaan komersial jaringan mungkin menyebabkan Internet yang kurang responsif terhadap kebutuhan mereka, dan dalam komunitas penyedia jaringan komersial, yang merasa bahwa subsidi pemerintah yang memberikan keuntungan yang tidak adil untuk beberapa organisasi &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;.[48]&quot;&gt;. [48]&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;             &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;.[48]&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;            &lt;br /&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;result_box&quot; lang=&quot;id&quot;&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;By 1990, ARPANET had been overtaken and replaced by newer networking technologies and the project came to a close.&quot;&gt;Pada tahun 1990, ARPANET telah diambil alih dan diganti dengan teknologi jaringan baru dan proyek datang ke dekat. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;New network service providers including PSINet, Alternet, CERFNet, ANS CO+RE, and many others were offering network access to commercial customers.&quot;&gt;Penyedia layanan jaringan baru termasuk PSINet, Alternet, CERFNET, ANS CO + RE, dan banyak lainnya yang menawarkan akses jaringan untuk pelanggan komersial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSFNET was no longer the de facto backbone and exchange point for Internet.&quot;&gt;NSFNET tidak lagi de facto backbone dan titik pertukaran Internet. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX), Metropolitan Area Exchanges (MAEs), and later Network Access Points (NAPs) were becoming the primary interconnections between many networks.&quot;&gt;The Commercial Internet eXchange (CIX), Bursa Metropolitan Area (Maes), dan kemudian Network Access Points (NAP) yang menjadi interkoneksi utama antara banyak jaringan. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;The final restrictions on carrying commercial traffic ended on April 30, 1995 when the National Science Foundation ended its sponsorship of the NSFNET Backbone Service and the service ended.[49][50] NSF provided initial support for the NAPs and interim support to help the&quot;&gt;Pembatasan final membawa lalu lintas komersial berakhir pada tanggal 30 April 1995 ketika National Science Foundation berakhir sponsor dari Backbone NSFNET Layanan dan layanan berakhir. [49] [50] NSF memberikan dukungan awal untuk NAP dan dukungan interim untuk membantu &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;regional research and education networks transition to commercial ISPs.&quot;&gt;penelitian regional dan jaringan pendidikan transisi ke ISP komersial. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span title=&quot;NSF also sponsored the very high speed Backbone Network Service (vBNS) which continued to provide support for the supercomputing centers and research and education in the United States.[51]&quot;&gt;NSF juga mensponsori kecepatan yang sangat tinggi Backbone Layanan Jaringan (vBNS) yang terus memberikan dukungan untuk pusat superkomputer dan penelitian dan pendidikan di Amerika Serikat. [51].(&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Internet)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;
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