tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-62503339251635406882026-10-21T00:46:21.168-07:00textileengineerhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/11151038313522853563noreply@blogger.comBlogger30125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6250333925163540688.post-21590184801240517082010-11-22T00:26:00.000-08:002010-11-22T00:26:55.708-08:00

YARDAGE: The amount or length of a fabric expressed in yards.  YARD GOODS: Fabric sold on a retail basis by the running yard.  YARN: A generic term for a continuous strand of textile fibers, filaments, or material in a form suitable for knitting, weaving, or otherwise intertwining to form a textile fabric. Yarn occurs in the following forms: (1) a number of fibers twisted together (

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WALE: In knit fabrics, a column of loops lying lengthwise in the fabric. The number of wales per inch is a measure of the fineness of the fabric. In woven fabrics, one of a series of ribs, cords, etc., running either warpwise or fillingwise. WARP: The set of yarn in all woven fabrics, that runs lengthwise and parallel to the selvage and is interwoven with the filling. The sheet of yarns wound

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ZEIN FIBER: A manufactured fiber of regenerated protein derived from maize. ZERO-TWIST: Twistless, devoid of twist. Z-TWIST: See TWIST, DIRECTION OF.

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VARIANT: A manufactured fiber modified in polymer configuration or by additive during manufacture, resulting in a change in the properties of the fiber. Examples are flame-retardant variants, deep-dyeing variants, high-tenacity variants, low-pilling variants, and cotton-blending or wool-blending variants.  VAT DYES: See DYES.  V-BED FLAT-KNITTING MACHINE: A latch-needle weft-knitting

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ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH: See TENSIL STRENGTH.  ULTRASONIC QUILTING: See PINSONIC® THERMAL JOINING MACHINE.  ULTRAVIOLET DEGRADATION: Weakening or deterioration caused by exposure to ultraviolet rays of sunlight or artificial light.  ULTRAVIOLET RESISTANCE: Ability to retain strength and resist deterioration on exposure to sunlight.  UNCRIMPING ENERGY: See CRIMP ENERGY.&

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TABLET TEST: See FLAMMABILITY TESTS, Methanamine Pill Test. TACKINESS: The property of being sticky or adhesive. TACTIC POLYMER: A polymer whose molecular structure exhibits regularity or symmetry ofnon-backbone side groups rather than random ordering. (Also see ATACTIC POLYMER, ISOTACTIC POLYMER, and SYNDIOTACTIC POLYMER.) TAFFETA: A plain-weave fabric with a fine, smooth, crisp hand and

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SAILCLOTH: Any heavy, strongly made woven canvas of cotton, linen, jute, polyester, nylon, aramid, etc., that is used for sails. Laminated fabrics are also finding use in this market. Sailcloth is used for apparel, particularly sportswear. SAND: Used as a filter medium in fiber manufacture, particularly used in spinning packs for nylon or polyester production. SANDWICH BLEND: A method of

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RACK: A warp-knitting measure consisting of 480 courses. Tricot fabric quality is judged by the number of inches per rack. RACKED STITCH: A knitting stitch that produces a herringbone effect with a ribbed back. It is employed in sweaters for decorative purposes or to form the edge of garments. The racked stitch is a variation of the half-cardigan stitch; it is created when one set of needles is

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QUADRIPOLYMER: A polymer made from four distinct monomers.  QUALITY: See SECONDS and YARN QUALITY.  QUARTZ FIBER: Pure silica that has been melted and drawn into glass-like fibers. Used for heat resistance and high dielectric strength.  QUENCH: A box filled with water into which fabric is run after singeing to prevent sparks or fires. See CABINET. (Also see QUENCHING.)

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PACK: The complete assembly of filters and spinneret through which polymer flows during extrusion. A unit of weight for wool, 240 pounds.  PACKAGE BUILD: A general term that applies to the shape, angles, tension, etc., of a yarn package during winding. Package build affects performance during subsequent processing.  PACKAGE DYEING: See DYEING, Yarn Dyeing.  PACKAGES: A large

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OATMEAL: A heavy, soft linen fabric with a pebbled or crepe effect. OFF-CLIP: See SCALLOPED SELVAGE. OFF-SQUARE: A term to describe the difference between the percentage of warp crimp and the percentage of filling crimp. A term referring to a fabric in which the number of ends and the number of picks per inch are not equal. OILCLOTH: Any fabric treated with linseed-oil varnish to make it

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NAINSOOK: A fine, lightweight, plain-weave fabric, usually of combed cotton. The fabric is often mercerized to produce luster and is finished soft. Nainsook is chiefly used for infants’ wear, lingerie, and blouses. NAP: A downy surface given to a cloth when part of the fiber is raised from the basic structure. NAPHTHALENE: A solid aromatic hydrocarbon (C10H8) derived from coal tar. Naphthalene

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MACE SNAG TEST: A test for evaluation of snagging performance. A fabric sample is mounted on a revolving drum in contact with a miniature mace that tracks randomly across the sample. The spikes of the mace effect the snagging. The test predicts results in actual wear. MACHINE DIRECTION: The long direction within the place of the fabric, i.e., the direction in which the fabric is being produced

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LACE: Ornamental openwork fabric, made in a variety of designs by intricate manipulation of the fiber by machine or by hand. LACE STITCH: In this knitting stitch structure, loops are transferred from the needles on which they are made to adjacent needles to create a fabric with an open or a raised effect. LAID-IN FABRIC: A knit fabric in which an effect yarn is tucked in, not knitted into, the

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KAPOK: Short, lightweight cotton-like fibers from the seed pod of trees of the family Bombacabeae. A very brittle fiber, it is generally not spun. It is used for stuffing cushions, mattresses, etc., and for life jackets because of its buoyancy and moisture resistance. KERATIN: The basic protein constituent of wool and other hair fibers. KERSEY: A heavily fulled or milled woolen fabric having a

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JACK: A blade having high and/or low butts used to actuate the movement of latch knitting needles. Part of a dobby head designed to serve as a lever in the operation of the harness of a loom. JACKET: A woven or felted tubular sleeve for covering and shrinking on a machine roll.  A short coat. In polymer manufacture, an external shell around a reaction vessel. For example, jacketed vessels

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IMBIBITION: A measure of the liquid or water-holding capacity of a textile material. IMMEDIATE ELASTIC DEFORMATION: Recoverable deformation that is essentially independent of time, i.e., occurring in (a time approaching) zero time and recoverable in (a time approaching) zero time after removal of the applied load. IMPACT RESISTANCE: 1. The resistance of a material to fracture by a blow,

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HAIRY: See FUZZINESS. HAND: The tactile qualities of a fabric, e.g., softness, firmness, elasticity, fineness, resilience, and other qualities perceived by touch. HAND-BLOCKED PRINT: A fabric that has been printed by hand with wooden or linoleum blocks. (Also see PRINTING.) HANDLE: See HAND. HANG PICK: A pick that is caught on a warp yarn knot for a short distance which produces a triangular

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GABARDINE: A firm, durable, warp-faced cloth, showing a decided twill line, usually a 45° or 63° right-hand twill. GAGE: See GAUGE. GAITING: The spacing of the needles in the dial and cylinder in relation to each other on rib (double-knit) and interlock knitting machines. In rib gaiting, the dial needles are midway between the cylinder needles. For interlock gaiting the dial and cylinder

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FABRIC: A planar textile structure produces by interlacing yarns, fibers, or filaments. FABRIC CONSTRUCTION: The details of structure of fabric. Includes such information as style, width, type of knit of weave, threads per inch in warp and fill, and weight of goods. FABRIC CRIMP: The angulation induced between a yarn and woven fabric via the weaving or braiding process. FABRIC CRIMP ANGLE: The

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EASE-OF-CARE: A term used to characterize fabrics that, after laundering, can be restored to their original appearance with a minimum of ironing or other treatment. An ease-of-care fabric generally wrinkles only slightly upon laundering. (Also see DURABLE PRESS and WASHAND-WEAR.) EASY-CARE: See EASE-OF-CARE. EDGE CRIMPING: See TEXTURING, Edge Crimping Method. EDGE ROLL: The curl that develops

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DAMAGED SELVAGE: See CUT SELVAGE. DAMASK: A firm, glossy, Jacquard-patterned fabric that may be made from linen, cotton, rayon, silk, or a combination of these with various manufactured fibers. Similar to brocade, but flatter and reversible, damask is used for napkins, tablecloths, draperies, and upholstery. DAMPENING (IN TIRE CORD): The relative ability to absorb energy and deaden oscillation

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CABINET: A basic part of the manufactured-fiber spinning machine where, in dry spinning, the filaments become solidified by solvent evaporation and, in melt spinning, the filaments are solidified by cooling. CABLED YARN: A yarn formed by twisting together two or more plied yarns. CABLE STITCH: A knit effect produced by crossing a group of stitches over a neighboring stitch group. CABLE TWIST:

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BACKCOATING: The application of latex or adhesive to the back of a carpet to anchor the tufts, usually followed immediately by addition of a secondary backing material such as woven jute or nonwoven polypropylene. BACKED CLOTH: A material with an extra warp or filling added for weight and warmth. Satin-weave and twill-weave constructions are frequently used in the design of backed cloth because

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ABNORMAL CRIMP: A relative term for crimp that is either too low or too high in frequency and/or amplitude or that has been put into the fiber with improper angular characteristics. ABRADED YARN: A filament yarn in which filaments have been cut or broken to create hairiness (fibrillation) to simulate the surface character of spun yarns. Abraded yarns are usually plied or twisted with other yarns

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