<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677</id><updated>2024-09-07T09:40:38.729+07:00</updated><category term="basic circuit"/><category term="circuit"/><category term="circuit theory"/><category term="electrical"/><category term="electronics"/><category term="อิเลคทรอนิกส์"/><category term="ไฟฟ้า"/><category term="learn circuit"/><category term="op amp"/><category term="kirchoff&#39;s"/><category term="op amp comparator"/><category term="คอมพาราเตอร์"/><category term="วงจร"/><category term="วงจรแบ่งกระแสแรงดัน"/><category term="เคอร์ชอฟ"/><category term="current divider"/><category term="electronics filters"/><category term="filters"/><category term="hysteresis"/><category term="ideal opamp"/><category term="kirchoff&#39;s current law"/><category term="kirchoff&#39;s voltage law"/><category term="ohm&#39;s law"/><category term="op amp อุดมคติ"/><category term="positive feed back"/><category term="resistor"/><category term="superposition"/><category term="thevenin"/><category term="voltage comparator"/><category term="voltage divider"/><category term="กฏของโอห์ม"/><category term="คุณสมบัติ op amp"/><category term="ตัวต้านทาน"/><category term="ตัวต้านทานแถบสี"/><category term="วงจรเปรียบเทียบแรงดัน"/><category term="ออปแอมป์"/><category term="อ่านค่าความต้านทาน"/><category term="อ่านค่าตัวต้านทาน"/><category term="ฮิสเทอริซิส"/><category term="โอห์ม"/><title type='text'>thai-electronics</title><subtitle type='html'>เรียนรู้อิเลคทรอนิกส์ง่ายๆ สไตล์ ไทยๆ</subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>12</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-621303527831010040</id><published>2010-10-28T01:36:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-28T01:36:21.625+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electrical"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electronics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electronics filters"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="filters"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="learn circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อิเลคทรอนิกส์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ไฟฟ้า"/><title type='text'>Electronics Filters</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;วงจรกรองความถี่เป็นวงจรที่ทำการจัดองค์ประกอบของสัญญาณความถี่ให้เป็นไปตามที่เราต้องการเนื่องจากว่าโดยปกติแล้วสัญญาณทางอิเลคทรอนิกส์ต่างๆจะมีองค์ประกอบความถี่ของสัญญาณทั้งที่เราต้องการและไม่ต้องการในเวลาเดียวกัน เช่น ถ้าสัญญาณหนึ่งสัญญาณมีองค์ประกอบความถี่เป็น &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;3kH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;z, 5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;kH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;10 kH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;แต่เราต้องการความถี่เพียง &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;5&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;kH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;10 kH&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ansi-language: EN; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;z&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;EN&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;เราจะสามารถทำการกรองความถี่ที่เราต้องการได้ด้วยวงจรกรองความถี่&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;โดยพื้นฐานแล้วเราสามารถแบ่ง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; Filter &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ออกได้เป็น&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Low Pass Filters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMvHyAByOacMW8Qz4aKQ2o6RxNDlhCXqasaXRMGTbzv9sxMyiGIFaWYgZQ515DazBnzCA0O77MLs0nbKMwYUDSmITI7L8hUp28t1BfvvHixXs6ORblaiw9ttvr5CYXQEIJBv9zV8eYe3jV/s1600/filtera.gif&quot; 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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;High Pass Filters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB5buCI5XJ0P1IkA1LtwfBbzTMjD3wil3_B8tueJRBIC1fkvblmAZlPGK4VyjlIWRxA34C-bW8Kz6lp-BNhED8MrnhXj241EmiXuQs4o-nn6VyFF6HwG2gWu30dxPZPTeZhI0VofzLI0R3/s1600/filterB.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgB5buCI5XJ0P1IkA1LtwfBbzTMjD3wil3_B8tueJRBIC1fkvblmAZlPGK4VyjlIWRxA34C-bW8Kz6lp-BNhED8MrnhXj241EmiXuQs4o-nn6VyFF6HwG2gWu30dxPZPTeZhI0VofzLI0R3/s1600/filterB.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Band Pass Filters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhni8xSt59o_B1oPQEUavYTbtSLadM2uoqtwXOFbBIjqvVev5ckjUCWFIm1TdQw9Z5oiWezytoWqfi_K3M8gLWtm0DayacJmCXkmDZPewfgnxwKPl8pstB7lN71ZJcSBFOXjrhl-kbjdTPg/s1600/filter3.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhni8xSt59o_B1oPQEUavYTbtSLadM2uoqtwXOFbBIjqvVev5ckjUCWFIm1TdQw9Z5oiWezytoWqfi_K3M8gLWtm0DayacJmCXkmDZPewfgnxwKPl8pstB7lN71ZJcSBFOXjrhl-kbjdTPg/s1600/filter3.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Notch Filters &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;หรือ &lt;/span&gt;Band Reject Filters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yylJJuaUP7zao-ZUgEANiQlTTwo7SNKanJYiVu4DR72QZyXWhUPmlWTknrlSMDj1fny4o3J1_9DoU0aMCyR9LVF4lDnODZp9QR0tq7zFwkI2NoEd6mMWbwqnLPYf2LAhyphenhyphen8_ziY2Bjgvf/s1600/filterx.gif&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4yylJJuaUP7zao-ZUgEANiQlTTwo7SNKanJYiVu4DR72QZyXWhUPmlWTknrlSMDj1fny4o3J1_9DoU0aMCyR9LVF4lDnODZp9QR0tq7zFwkI2NoEd6mMWbwqnLPYf2LAhyphenhyphen8_ziY2Bjgvf/s1600/filterx.gif&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l1 level1 lfo2; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;และเราสามารถแบ่งชนิดของ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; Filter &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ตามเทคโนโลยีได้ดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Passive Filters &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ประกอบไปด้วยอุปกรณ์ชนิด &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Passive &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เช่น &lt;/span&gt;R,L,C &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งไม่จำเป็นที่จะต้องใช้ไฟเลี้ยงจากภายนอก&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Active Filters&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ประกอบไปด้วยอุปกรณ์ทั้งชนิด &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Passive &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;Active &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เช่น &lt;/span&gt;Op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;R,C &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ต่างๆ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Digital Filters&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 1in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 16pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Others&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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อ้างอิง&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_filter&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_filter&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.hobbyprojects.com/general_theory/filters.html&quot;&gt;http://www.hobbyprojects.com/general_theory/filters.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/621303527831010040/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/3kh-z-5-kh-z-10-kh-z-5-kh-z-10-kh-z.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/621303527831010040'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/621303527831010040'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/3kh-z-5-kh-z-10-kh-z-5-kh-z-10-kh-z.html' title='Electronics Filters'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMvHyAByOacMW8Qz4aKQ2o6RxNDlhCXqasaXRMGTbzv9sxMyiGIFaWYgZQ515DazBnzCA0O77MLs0nbKMwYUDSmITI7L8hUp28t1BfvvHixXs6ORblaiw9ttvr5CYXQEIJBv9zV8eYe3jV/s72-c/filtera.gif" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-5373116749221987809</id><published>2010-10-27T19:53:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-27T19:57:02.882+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electrical"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electronics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="superposition"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อิเลคทรอนิกส์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ไฟฟ้า"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:Superposition</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;เราจะใช้ทฤษฎี &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;superposition &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ก็ต่อเมื่อเรามี แหล่งจ่ายไฟอิสระ&lt;/span&gt;(independent voltage source)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;หลายแหล่ง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY5Hn59TtkkxF8IWf86YuI5wO7-JZ4VfFxhTj7JzB9l93Vuk4V7Q41IanvY3LmSVsSM-oRWpgFlmPLaD3b3Gc3HeTq1oyPWfhtlIISDdMHQfV5VUbGxLcn6hztkbSvloTk2ObvXr5mwacK/s1600/elec21.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY5Hn59TtkkxF8IWf86YuI5wO7-JZ4VfFxhTj7JzB9l93Vuk4V7Q41IanvY3LmSVsSM-oRWpgFlmPLaD3b3Gc3HeTq1oyPWfhtlIISDdMHQfV5VUbGxLcn6hztkbSvloTk2ObvXr5mwacK/s1600/elec21.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;โดยตามทฤษฎีนี้บอกว่าเราสามารถที่จะแยกคิดผลจากแหล่งจ่ายนั้นๆอย่างอิสระได้ ซึ่งจากภาพข้างบนนั้น เราสามารถที่จะคิด Vout ได้โดยการคิดผลจากแหล่งจ่าย V1 ก่อนและคิดผลจากแหล่งจ่าย V2 ทีหลังจากนั้นนำค่า Vout ที่ได้จากแหล่งจ่าย V1 และ V2 มาบวกกัน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6hwltVROx4fEOLRHU3FCuchhUvhq2cgZw1PqBdDDAGZtjOw20hgbTVEtY4Tmn68kCiUtO5_3PQ_BXPv_edEk3C1wXYZ6qRmpQaY1C7fkeUZYH1DrxNdh-RypOh9Jr5EMXIcIX0Pcg5bSL/s1600/elec22.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj6hwltVROx4fEOLRHU3FCuchhUvhq2cgZw1PqBdDDAGZtjOw20hgbTVEtY4Tmn68kCiUtO5_3PQ_BXPv_edEk3C1wXYZ6qRmpQaY1C7fkeUZYH1DrxNdh-RypOh9Jr5EMXIcIX0Pcg5bSL/s1600/elec22.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;คิดจากแหล่งจ่าย V1&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5GEScMGwnUuduAlN_P0qwXl0njSmmQQUP2F_gDBO0AtapIm4Z1O8uZZr3uHgPGfekZpamIT4XUfl2l4fwNC6TWOos8rmaPJEtW7tJB8WH-JAOUwL-2xMajcJ7qGesjkZrFKOcKSgcpryi/s1600/elec23.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj5GEScMGwnUuduAlN_P0qwXl0njSmmQQUP2F_gDBO0AtapIm4Z1O8uZZr3uHgPGfekZpamIT4XUfl2l4fwNC6TWOos8rmaPJEtW7tJB8WH-JAOUwL-2xMajcJ7qGesjkZrFKOcKSgcpryi/s1600/elec23.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;คิดจากแหล่งจ่าย V2&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จากภาพจะสามารถเขียนเป็นสมการได้ว่า&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: magenta; font-size: large;&quot;&gt; Vout = Vout1+Vout2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/5373116749221987809/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/superposition-independent-voltage.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/5373116749221987809'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/5373116749221987809'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/superposition-independent-voltage.html' title='Basic circuit theory:Superposition'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiY5Hn59TtkkxF8IWf86YuI5wO7-JZ4VfFxhTj7JzB9l93Vuk4V7Q41IanvY3LmSVsSM-oRWpgFlmPLaD3b3Gc3HeTq1oyPWfhtlIISDdMHQfV5VUbGxLcn6hztkbSvloTk2ObvXr5mwacK/s72-c/elec21.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-6741352146743661877</id><published>2010-10-26T22:59:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T23:00:50.184+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electrical"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electronics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="thevenin"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="วงจร"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อิเลคทรอนิกส์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ไฟฟ้า"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:thevenin&#39;s theory</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ทำไมต้องใช้ทฤษฎีเทวินิน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;เนื่องจากในบางวงจรที่มีความซับซ้อนมากๆ จึงมีการคิดค้นวิธีการที่จะทำให้วิเคราะห์วงจรง่ายขึ้น&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;โดยมีวิธีการวิเคราะห์วงจรดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;1.&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำการมองไปเข้าไปที่ทางซ้ายของขั้ว &lt;/span&gt;X-X &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;โดยเสมือนตัดวงจรทางขวาของขั้วทิ้ง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZVOxr4swaR6GRNFazBOJInJbuRJJfAZSYlcPdwRKAzPdP_sQ_9hk80Nfy-hZOmp5rBNsuijZm1CesGctbyxEBEcvvNAhvHHQdCBR6MC7Cd4oupQ-Df9QVXdMXGmyuI1jo2X3xFLwXxoBp/s1600/elec17.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZVOxr4swaR6GRNFazBOJInJbuRJJfAZSYlcPdwRKAzPdP_sQ_9hk80Nfy-hZOmp5rBNsuijZm1CesGctbyxEBEcvvNAhvHHQdCBR6MC7Cd4oupQ-Df9QVXdMXGmyuI1jo2X3xFLwXxoBp/s1600/elec17.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;2.&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;คำนวณ &lt;/span&gt;no load voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่ขั้ว &lt;/span&gt;X-X &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;โดยใช้ &lt;/span&gt;voltage divider&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; จะได้ &lt;/span&gt;Vth&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRQJFuMH-xKWes_Y_uuG7VcmCrqHG_YEx9NaIlqpdfw1z9WPobCUDZReA3eIwQPKwbTCPEoadqeQVNUMMiMdnZ7z9Z2Ozv5hq-lnEy31KWotKk17_jW0CZY5Tgqr5gxedTPsFn1fQu9g0B/s1600/elec19.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjRQJFuMH-xKWes_Y_uuG7VcmCrqHG_YEx9NaIlqpdfw1z9WPobCUDZReA3eIwQPKwbTCPEoadqeQVNUMMiMdnZ7z9Z2Ozv5hq-lnEy31KWotKk17_jW0CZY5Tgqr5gxedTPsFn1fQu9g0B/s1600/elec19.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;3.&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำการ &lt;/span&gt;short &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แหล่งจ่ายไฟและคำนวณค่า &lt;/span&gt;Rth &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;โดยการมองจากขั้ว &lt;/span&gt;X-X&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1exFnxdbZt6xkHGOLBy9s5vcCRky56JsYNkd6y1Tj2p7Ym6Ds5fEDd_MGbvT2_u0OZCVHO4spi7CMbuZUm1QWD1tA0BJk9-5MrUasxWGiXx0ECpyDs2cicwTTEkSR_FHGBcululqJpbDf/s1600/elec20JPG.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi1exFnxdbZt6xkHGOLBy9s5vcCRky56JsYNkd6y1Tj2p7Ym6Ds5fEDd_MGbvT2_u0OZCVHO4spi7CMbuZUm1QWD1tA0BJk9-5MrUasxWGiXx0ECpyDs2cicwTTEkSR_FHGBcululqJpbDf/s1600/elec20JPG.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;4.&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; นำ &lt;/span&gt;Rth &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;Vth &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มาแทนค่าวงจรส่วนที่เราทำการวิเคราะห์&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แล้วทำการต่อวงจรที่เหลือกลับคืน &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjLnGERsoRlH-EslkBSYCSOtAYIbTv7zHHLa-chZeTf9ZLKuPbKxnY4p53gmh5wU0BPnchaGcPV3NOna69ud8fnLgEWLc4Dj3rz2wlRAYa4wiEwrzwipymH23G5P2koy-Q7qBrNjEgXf8JF/s1600/elec18.JPG&quot; 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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จะเห็นว่าเราสามารถวิเคราะห์วงจรได้ง่ายขึ้นเนื่องจากมีวงจรเพียง &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;loop &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เดียว&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/6741352146743661877/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/1.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/6741352146743661877'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/6741352146743661877'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/1.html' title='Basic circuit theory:thevenin&#39;s theory'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjZVOxr4swaR6GRNFazBOJInJbuRJJfAZSYlcPdwRKAzPdP_sQ_9hk80Nfy-hZOmp5rBNsuijZm1CesGctbyxEBEcvvNAhvHHQdCBR6MC7Cd4oupQ-Df9QVXdMXGmyuI1jo2X3xFLwXxoBp/s72-c/elec17.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-5580619089792026248</id><published>2010-10-26T21:50:00.002+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T21:55:30.807+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="current divider"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="learn circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="วงจรแบ่งกระแสแรงดัน"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:Current divider</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5yiq1HGq0H1R-F191xMV1y3nepRhTJpt5HwiAxmPpH3vaYfbpc88tAxHFqP-kI9qqWDKl3u8GzNSo_ijy_61ZYd217fVFxgVZcYcRibtDKELqcCYZBJP4I4eMsL_Lse50PVJi0puliOW/s1600/elec14.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5yiq1HGq0H1R-F191xMV1y3nepRhTJpt5HwiAxmPpH3vaYfbpc88tAxHFqP-kI9qqWDKl3u8GzNSo_ijy_61ZYd217fVFxgVZcYcRibtDKELqcCYZBJP4I4eMsL_Lse50PVJi0puliOW/s1600/elec14.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จากภาพเราสามารถหา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I2 &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ได้ดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I = I1+I2&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;-----------------------------------(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;V = I1xR1 = I2xR2 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I1 = (I2xR2)/R1----------------------------------(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จากสมการที่ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;(1) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำการแทน &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;I1 &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ด้วยสมการที่ &lt;/span&gt;(2) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I = ((I2xR2)/R1)+I2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I = I2x((R1+R2)/R1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ดังนั้นจะสามารถหา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I2 &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ได้ดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh49Otp1_4Jv_G-drH5aPXlbvgdlFmGcXAL1Xvi3Y1nht5RzyE7ooXFDBLX4c1E_44f0E7XqIZc28RUsLt7M28GIb4BnbVtHCwm3T2plfPySARN-gRO34OCc2OQhzvLfKxW739BK6rmIQ2t/s1600/elec15.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh49Otp1_4Jv_G-drH5aPXlbvgdlFmGcXAL1Xvi3Y1nht5RzyE7ooXFDBLX4c1E_44f0E7XqIZc28RUsLt7M28GIb4BnbVtHCwm3T2plfPySARN-gRO34OCc2OQhzvLfKxW739BK6rmIQ2t/s1600/elec15.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งสมการดังกล่าวนี้คือสมการ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;current divider &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั่นเอง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/5580619089792026248/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theorycurrent-divider.html#comment-form' title='1 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/5580619089792026248'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/5580619089792026248'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theorycurrent-divider.html' title='Basic circuit theory:Current divider'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgV5yiq1HGq0H1R-F191xMV1y3nepRhTJpt5HwiAxmPpH3vaYfbpc88tAxHFqP-kI9qqWDKl3u8GzNSo_ijy_61ZYd217fVFxgVZcYcRibtDKELqcCYZBJP4I4eMsL_Lse50PVJi0puliOW/s72-c/elec14.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>1</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-3181175787177954563</id><published>2010-10-26T21:09:00.005+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T21:57:45.705+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="learn circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="voltage divider"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="วงจรแบ่งกระแสแรงดัน"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:Voltage divider</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4or-0EMpVAvxNJnDP_8AfvLF_VIghjM_Z4VyrvfVBu7DPqBUBL8kwf4BtHQ2Q378IUQZstGg02Geie6XvMp29FbjzB1RqFTet2JO7iVdL-wf9x7iG5zFqvlwqAL2uU990Jff7oLcizZVs/s1600/elec13.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4or-0EMpVAvxNJnDP_8AfvLF_VIghjM_Z4VyrvfVBu7DPqBUBL8kwf4BtHQ2Q378IUQZstGg02Geie6XvMp29FbjzB1RqFTet2JO7iVdL-wf9x7iG5zFqvlwqAL2uU990Jff7oLcizZVs/s1600/elec13.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จากภาพเราสามารถที่จะหา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Vo &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ได้จากสมการ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;V=IxR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ซึ่ง &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;R = R1+R2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ดังนั้นจะได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;V=Ix(R1+R2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I=V/(R1+R2) -----------------------------------(1)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Vo=IxR1 ----------------------------------------(2)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;นำสมการที่ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;(1) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แทนในสมการที่ &lt;/span&gt;(2) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMejfovj06k9zI7_AiEDWBc9dK1j65qY8QHc_xCtq9IEfZTF6DOdxa7bF0ZxkqsWpV5HsxFjPkfPl0GvId2JJVdQscLllRSC2mpthwVEb_T8HHc7FKBt9gRoTSSRuzIRu9D2g4Mzxrdo1z/s1600/elec16.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhMejfovj06k9zI7_AiEDWBc9dK1j65qY8QHc_xCtq9IEfZTF6DOdxa7bF0ZxkqsWpV5HsxFjPkfPl0GvId2JJVdQscLllRSC2mpthwVEb_T8HHc7FKBt9gRoTSSRuzIRu9D2g4Mzxrdo1z/s1600/elec16.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งสมการนี้คือสมการ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;voltage divider&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/3181175787177954563/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theoryvoltage-divider.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3181175787177954563'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3181175787177954563'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theoryvoltage-divider.html' title='Basic circuit theory:Voltage divider'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg4or-0EMpVAvxNJnDP_8AfvLF_VIghjM_Z4VyrvfVBu7DPqBUBL8kwf4BtHQ2Q378IUQZstGg02Geie6XvMp29FbjzB1RqFTet2JO7iVdL-wf9x7iG5zFqvlwqAL2uU990Jff7oLcizZVs/s72-c/elec13.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-8335720841134200050</id><published>2010-10-26T20:47:00.004+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T21:17:28.949+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kirchoff&#39;s"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kirchoff&#39;s current law"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="เคอร์ชอฟ"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:Kirchoff&#39;s current law</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;Kirchoff’s current law&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;กฎของ &lt;/span&gt;Kirchoff’s &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ข้อนี้กล่าวว่า กระแสที่ไหลเข้าไปที่จุดใดจุดหนึ่งจะเท่ากับกระแสที่ไหลออกจากจุดใดจุดหนึ่ง ดังภาพและสมการข้างล่าง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;I1+I2 &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;= I3+I4&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCZIozsIFenPwQWrHzYKMEHGtLLNZKzGnufApfqAZhy-X_UmvA3dk0M7Ad3g_rrB6G3hulB8svVHVR4qcKYr3blYp3ZTzFZDRJClGJr6dmcNSeJleHd-wZWyiDY6w_xKATqL4m8Z9UXuhv/s1600/elec12.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCZIozsIFenPwQWrHzYKMEHGtLLNZKzGnufApfqAZhy-X_UmvA3dk0M7Ad3g_rrB6G3hulB8svVHVR4qcKYr3blYp3ZTzFZDRJClGJr6dmcNSeJleHd-wZWyiDY6w_xKATqL4m8Z9UXuhv/s1600/elec12.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/8335720841134200050/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/kirchoffs-current-law-kirchoffs-i1i2.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/8335720841134200050'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/8335720841134200050'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/kirchoffs-current-law-kirchoffs-i1i2.html' title='Basic circuit theory:Kirchoff&#39;s current law'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgCZIozsIFenPwQWrHzYKMEHGtLLNZKzGnufApfqAZhy-X_UmvA3dk0M7Ad3g_rrB6G3hulB8svVHVR4qcKYr3blYp3ZTzFZDRJClGJr6dmcNSeJleHd-wZWyiDY6w_xKATqL4m8Z9UXuhv/s72-c/elec12.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-7112955660006308766</id><published>2010-10-26T20:39:00.001+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T21:18:03.327+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="basic circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit theory"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kirchoff&#39;s"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="kirchoff&#39;s voltage law"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="เคอร์ชอฟ"/><title type='text'>Basic circuit theory:Kirchoff&#39;s voltage law</title><content type='html'>&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Kirchoff’s voltage law&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;กฎข้อนี้ของ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Kirchoff’s&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; กล่าวว่า ผลรวมของ&lt;/span&gt; voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่ตกคร่อม &lt;/span&gt;passive component &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ต่างๆนั้นจะเท่ากับ ผลรวมของ &lt;/span&gt;voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ของ แหล่งจ่ายแรงดัน &lt;/span&gt;(voltage source) ดังภาพและ&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;จะแสดงเป็นสมการได้ดังนี้&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 16pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;V = Vr1 + Vr2&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXGYedc30A3eEaKuaZQ332aY8FIbUoVc8BlpH7sTNk1LiMAENtuMZ87Qjbx620aR3yxZCcIs3EZG_Y5qs58CzsL6-cgn6Ps0bdJP5UtKp5h_eiaX5d_V_-Km2SVD9Arr-z7C77NOo0_oyn/s1600/elec11.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXGYedc30A3eEaKuaZQ332aY8FIbUoVc8BlpH7sTNk1LiMAENtuMZ87Qjbx620aR3yxZCcIs3EZG_Y5qs58CzsL6-cgn6Ps0bdJP5UtKp5h_eiaX5d_V_-Km2SVD9Arr-z7C77NOo0_oyn/s1600/elec11.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/7112955660006308766/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theorykirchoffs-voltage.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/7112955660006308766'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/7112955660006308766'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/basic-circuit-theorykirchoffs-voltage.html' title='Basic circuit theory:Kirchoff&#39;s voltage law'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjXGYedc30A3eEaKuaZQ332aY8FIbUoVc8BlpH7sTNk1LiMAENtuMZ87Qjbx620aR3yxZCcIs3EZG_Y5qs58CzsL6-cgn6Ps0bdJP5UtKp5h_eiaX5d_V_-Km2SVD9Arr-z7C77NOo0_oyn/s72-c/elec11.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-7361049463916702078</id><published>2010-10-26T19:45:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T19:45:07.217+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="hysteresis"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp comparator"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="positive feed back"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="คอมพาราเตอร์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ออปแอมป์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ฮิสเทอริซิส"/><title type='text'>Op amp Comparator with hysteresis</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ทำไมต้องมี &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;hysteresis ? &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;hysteresis &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แปลว่าอะไร&lt;/span&gt;?&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ถ้าแปลให้ตรงตัวคำว่า &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;hysteresis &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แปลว่า ปรากฎการณ์ที่มีอะไรมากระทำกับตัววัตถุนั้นๆแต่ว่าผล&lt;/span&gt;(result)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ของมันจะถูกหน่วงเอาไว้ไม่ให้แสดงโดยทันที&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ส่วน &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;hysteresis &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ใน &lt;/span&gt;op amp comparator &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นเนื่องจากในทางทฤษฏี สัญญาณที่เข้ามาจะเป็น &lt;/span&gt;sine wave &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่สวยงามและไม่มีสัญญาณรบกวน ดังภาพข้างล่าง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBjgE3CnMZFxwE2blkzvCd3OtehoBOH_v6ROkCUBvpNPDteaAQ4cwp4gBeLU03Pcin9RAdtrBy_uSh3jmEVAWTjA_gEMTJgrwVvOtxc5WTsOyS3N6M_jGro2gn0mTxsiX0VM4SXb8ZGs22/s1600/03054.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;112&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBjgE3CnMZFxwE2blkzvCd3OtehoBOH_v6ROkCUBvpNPDteaAQ4cwp4gBeLU03Pcin9RAdtrBy_uSh3jmEVAWTjA_gEMTJgrwVvOtxc5WTsOyS3N6M_jGro2gn0mTxsiX0VM4SXb8ZGs22/s320/03054.png&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;Ideal Signal&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nmhWcAOWhdU_JR8JklYcCulf0UQhm2Wq8Rrml8e9QDaUxYXbJhQve0tbTnN-sg2SfmvYu37ZoQgKrfQV_zzrQDw1OBore0HBe_OhXVbwUIazEc979EANNSXM9h0pY1arheadI3L8oXwR/s1600/elec7.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;108&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi7nmhWcAOWhdU_JR8JklYcCulf0UQhm2Wq8Rrml8e9QDaUxYXbJhQve0tbTnN-sg2SfmvYu37ZoQgKrfQV_zzrQDw1OBore0HBe_OhXVbwUIazEc979EANNSXM9h0pY1arheadI3L8oXwR/s320/elec7.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;สัญญาณ AC ที่มีความกระเพื่อมในสัญญาณ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;หากแต่ในความเป็นจริงแล้ว สัญญาณ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;AC voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่เข้ามามีความเป็นไปได้ว่าจะมีความกระเพื่อม &lt;/span&gt;(ripple) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;หรือมีสัญญาณรบกวน &lt;/span&gt;(noise)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; ดังนั้นแม้มีสัญญาณรบกวนเพียงเล็กน้อยแต่ถ้าหากมีค่าสูงกว่าค่าอ้างอิง &lt;/span&gt;(reference voltage)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; ดังภาพแล้วจะทำให้เกิดการเปลี่ยนแปลง &lt;/span&gt;(switch)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; สัญญาณทางขาออก &lt;/span&gt;(output voltage)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; จากระดับหนึ่งไปยังอีกระดับหนึ่งในทันที ซึ่งอาจจะเป็นจาก &lt;/span&gt;high &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เป็น &lt;/span&gt;low &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;หรือจาก &lt;/span&gt;low &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เป็น &lt;/span&gt;high &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ในกรณีดังกล่าวนี้ มีความเป็นไปได้ว่าจะทำให้วงจรใดๆนั้นทำการแปลข้อมูลของสัญญาณผิดพลาดไปจากความเป็นจริงได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ดังนั้น จึงจำเป็นที่จะต้องใส่ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;hysteresis &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;เข้าไปเพื่อที่จะทำให้ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;output voltage &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;นั้นไม่มีการเปลี่ยนแปลงจาก &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;ripple &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;หรือ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;noise &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;นั้นๆโดยฉับพลัน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งวงจรที่ใช้จะเป็นวงจร comparator ที่มี&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: small;&quot;&gt;positive feedback &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ดังภาพ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;﻿ &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ILFy1f1UESRalSVK0031N1XvbcYnU_NMeX3YEhmZQ7VrijTJBSXa7K3x4JLGGaKbuBhvPYbsod8Xzo4dhvlJ7uEHh-ItZAfYNQKjcwLfjp7lplxkGWs7lURSHk5cPjteX-i1M1DzIbjD/s1600/elec9.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;133&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg-ILFy1f1UESRalSVK0031N1XvbcYnU_NMeX3YEhmZQ7VrijTJBSXa7K3x4JLGGaKbuBhvPYbsod8Xzo4dhvlJ7uEHh-ItZAfYNQKjcwLfjp7lplxkGWs7lURSHk5cPjteX-i1M1DzIbjD/s320/elec9.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;วงจร comparator แบบมี hysteresis &lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;﻿ &lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;﻿ &lt;table align=&quot;center&quot; cellpadding=&quot;0&quot; cellspacing=&quot;0&quot; class=&quot;tr-caption-container&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;tbody&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fJixFP7yyTjCCCwdL1VoQ7-DUyeCoeqdgevPYI_wNmFGi1n4uRMSq1l-UvgK2aBBNe1GM_FWOUgG9ZvBAZlPn-7OZmkuSmcxjA8XkXYFvoDyeVuWMS7jsh6mtM00ALyfFgQU7LP1AkrF/s1600/elec8.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEi3fJixFP7yyTjCCCwdL1VoQ7-DUyeCoeqdgevPYI_wNmFGi1n4uRMSq1l-UvgK2aBBNe1GM_FWOUgG9ZvBAZlPn-7OZmkuSmcxjA8XkXYFvoDyeVuWMS7jsh6mtM00ALyfFgQU7LP1AkrF/s1600/elec8.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;tr&gt;&lt;td class=&quot;tr-caption&quot; style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;แสดง Transfer function ของ hysteresis&lt;/td&gt;&lt;/tr&gt;
&lt;/tbody&gt;&lt;/table&gt;﻿ &lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;เมื่อพิจารณาจุด &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะเห็นว่า ณ จุดนี้จะเป็นจุดที่ &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นได้ทำการ &lt;/span&gt;switch&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จากจุด &lt;/span&gt;D &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งเป็นจุดที่ &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่า &lt;/span&gt;high (Voh) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มายังจุด&lt;/span&gt; A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่ง &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่า &lt;/span&gt;low (Vol) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ซึ่ง ณ จุด&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt; A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นี้ &lt;/span&gt;voltage reference &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งเป็นขา &lt;/span&gt;non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่า&lt;/span&gt; voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;น้อยกว่าขา &lt;/span&gt;inverting input (Vin) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำให้ &lt;/span&gt;output voltage&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(Vout) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นมีค่าเป็น &lt;/span&gt;low (Vol) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งค่าที่ขา&lt;/span&gt; non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่พอดีที่จะทำให้เกิดการ &lt;/span&gt;switch &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นคือจุด &lt;/span&gt;Vch &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ดังที่แสดงในกราฟ จากนั้นจะเห็นว่าเมื่อ &lt;/span&gt;input voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่าลดลงจากจุด &lt;/span&gt;A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปยังจุด &lt;/span&gt;B &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะยังไม่เกิดการ &lt;/span&gt;switch &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ระดับแรงดันที่ &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ในทันทีทันใดแต่จะยังมีช่วงเวลาที่ยังถูกหน่วงอยู่จากจุด &lt;/span&gt;A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปยังจุด &lt;/span&gt;B &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ดังภาพ ทั้งนี้เนื่องจากที่ &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นได้ทำการ &lt;/span&gt;feed back &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มายัง &lt;/span&gt;non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำให้ระดับแรงดันอ้างอิง &lt;/span&gt;(voltage reference)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ที่ขา &lt;/span&gt;non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั้นยังคงไว้ที่ระดับที่ยังคงทำให้ &lt;/span&gt;inverting input&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; หรือ &lt;/span&gt;Vin &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ในภาพนั้นมีระดับแรงดันที่สูงกว่าขา &lt;/span&gt;non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ต่อมาเมื่อทำการลดระดับ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปเรื่อยๆจนกระทั่งถึง จุด &lt;/span&gt;B &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งเป็นจุดที่ระดับแรงดันที่ขา &lt;/span&gt;non-inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่าสูงกว่าระดับแรงดันที่ &lt;/span&gt;inverting input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ทำให้เกิดการ &lt;/span&gt;switch &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จากระดับแรงดัน &lt;/span&gt;output&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; จาก &lt;/span&gt;low(Vol) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เป็น &lt;/span&gt;high(Voh) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จากจุด &lt;/span&gt;B &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปยังจุด &lt;/span&gt;C &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งจุดเปลี่ยนระดับแรงดันนั้นคือ &lt;/span&gt;Vcl &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ดังภาพ จากนั้น &lt;/span&gt;output voltage &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ก็จะยังเกิดการคงค่าของแรงดันไว้เป็นระยะจาก &lt;/span&gt;C &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ถึง &lt;/span&gt;D &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ดังภาพที่เป็นเช่นนั้นก็เป็นเพราะเรามี &lt;/span&gt;positive feed back &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั่นเอง &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งกระบวนการต่างๆจะเกิดเป็นวงจรจาก &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;A &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปถึง &lt;/span&gt;D &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ดังที่ได้กล่าวมา&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;อ้างอิง&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.rficdesign.com/electronics/positive-feedback-in-opamp&quot;&gt;http://www.rficdesign.com/electronics/positive-feedback-in-opamp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/12.html&quot;&gt;http://www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_8/12.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: inherit;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/7361049463916702078/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/op-amp-comparator-with-hysteresis.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/7361049463916702078'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/7361049463916702078'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/op-amp-comparator-with-hysteresis.html' title='Op amp Comparator with hysteresis'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhBjgE3CnMZFxwE2blkzvCd3OtehoBOH_v6ROkCUBvpNPDteaAQ4cwp4gBeLU03Pcin9RAdtrBy_uSh3jmEVAWTjA_gEMTJgrwVvOtxc5WTsOyS3N6M_jGro2gn0mTxsiX0VM4SXb8ZGs22/s72-c/03054.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-4705230001757449219</id><published>2010-10-26T00:58:00.003+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-26T01:16:34.421+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="circuit"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp comparator"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="voltage comparator"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="คอมพาราเตอร์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="วงจร"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="วงจรเปรียบเทียบแรงดัน"/><title type='text'>Voltage Comparator</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Voltage comparator &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;คืออะไร &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;Voltage comparator&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; หรือ วงจรเปรียบเทียบสัญญาณแรงดัน คือ วงจรที่ทำการเปรียบเทียบสัญญาณแรงดันระหว่างสัญญาณขาบวก&lt;/span&gt;(non-inverting)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;และลบ&lt;/span&gt;(inverting)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ของ &lt;/span&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;เพื่อที่จะเปรียบเทียบว่าขาไหนมีค่าที่มากกว่ากัน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl29oaBq20amYWJ3Q7CisxJwIVJ-KHLOL0u4jRhpc7YVlVQtLMtOyiwqbC0vwXPjqq5Vh2UgHlee0_oqmI1_KalNr2m2wFzNFbhwqVNUkhoWH75WY2IXqP7Ef7c8IzTjkxv3lphxKw4aPX/s1600/elec5.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl29oaBq20amYWJ3Q7CisxJwIVJ-KHLOL0u4jRhpc7YVlVQtLMtOyiwqbC0vwXPjqq5Vh2UgHlee0_oqmI1_KalNr2m2wFzNFbhwqVNUkhoWH75WY2IXqP7Ef7c8IzTjkxv3lphxKw4aPX/s1600/elec5.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;โดยถ้าขา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;non-inverting (In+) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่ามากกว่าขา &lt;/span&gt;inverting (In-)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ค่าแรงดัน &lt;/span&gt;output &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะ &lt;/span&gt;saturate (&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;อิ่มตัว&lt;/span&gt;) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปในทิศทางบวก โดยค่าแรงดันไฟฟ้าที่อิ่มตัวนั้นจะมีค่าเท่ากับไฟเลี้ยง&lt;/span&gt;(Vs+) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ของ &lt;/span&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั่นเอง และในทางกลับกันถ้าขา &lt;/span&gt;inverting (-) &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่าแรงดันมากกว่าจะทำให้ค่าแรงดัน &lt;/span&gt;output &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะ &lt;/span&gt;saturate &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปในทิศทางที่เท่ากับค่าไฟเลี้ยงลบ&lt;/span&gt;(Vs-)&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;นั่นเอง&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.eetimes.com/design/automotive-design/4010056/Signal-Chain-Basics-Part-16--Understanding-the-analog-voltage-comparator&quot;&gt;&lt;em&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;http://www.eetimes.com/design/automotive-design/&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;4010056/&lt;/span&gt;Signal-Chain-Basics-Part-&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;16--&lt;/span&gt;Understanding-the-analog-voltage-comparator&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;cite&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-bidi; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-bidi;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparator&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: blue;&quot;&gt;http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/&lt;b&gt;Comparator&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/cite&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/4705230001757449219/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/voltage-comparator.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/4705230001757449219'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/4705230001757449219'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/voltage-comparator.html' title='Voltage Comparator'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhl29oaBq20amYWJ3Q7CisxJwIVJ-KHLOL0u4jRhpc7YVlVQtLMtOyiwqbC0vwXPjqq5Vh2UgHlee0_oqmI1_KalNr2m2wFzNFbhwqVNUkhoWH75WY2IXqP7Ef7c8IzTjkxv3lphxKw4aPX/s72-c/elec5.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-3805047598167083810</id><published>2010-10-25T22:18:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-25T22:32:49.299+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ideal opamp"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="op amp อุดมคติ"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="คุณสมบัติ op amp"/><title type='text'>Ideal op amp</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW9xcGAfFKO_qgJn4tBh7uJRcg4xqBHVckUGV_zCdsrmTws-rcGLKUTHnXQuHMMTRzeMvMOo6qicZIg-sLPMtTsKm0Ob4gev71gPwjVPkbfs9sjzGh7R8vypM0_eCXk6XjZqP0xN12OG_Y/s1600/elec5.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW9xcGAfFKO_qgJn4tBh7uJRcg4xqBHVckUGV_zCdsrmTws-rcGLKUTHnXQuHMMTRzeMvMOo6qicZIg-sLPMtTsKm0Ob4gev71gPwjVPkbfs9sjzGh7R8vypM0_eCXk6XjZqP0xN12OG_Y/s1600/elec5.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 50%;&quot;&gt;คุณสมบัติของ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 50%;&quot;&gt; op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ในอุดมคติมีดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;open-loop voltage gain &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งเป็นค่าอัตราขยายโดยที่ไม่มีการต่อฟีดแบคไปที่ขาบวกหรือลบของ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะมีค่าเป็นอนันต์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;input impedance(Rin) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;มีค่าเป็นอนันต์ซึ่งจะทำให้ค่ากระแสที่เข้าไปข้างใน &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;มีค่าเท่ากับศูนย์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;output impedance(Rout) &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;โดยปกติแล้ว &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;กระทำตัวเป็น&lt;/span&gt; voltage source &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ซึ่งถ้าเป็น &lt;/span&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;อุดมคติ&lt;/span&gt; Rout&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; มีค่าเท่ากับศูนย์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;ไม่มี &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;noise &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ภายใน &lt;/span&gt;op amp&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;ไม่มี &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;DC offset &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;ซึ่งก็คือ ถ้านำขา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;input &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ของ &lt;/span&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไปต่อลง &lt;/span&gt;ground &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;แล้ว &lt;/span&gt;output &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;จะมีค่าเท่ากับศูนย์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-add-space: auto; mso-layout-grid-align: none; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;มี &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;bandwidth &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ไม่จำกัด ซึ่งก็คือ &lt;/span&gt;op amp &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;สามารถขยายสัญญาณได้ในทุกความถี่&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoListParagraphCxSpLast&quot; style=&quot;line-height: normal; margin: 0in 0in 0pt 0.5in; mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -0.25in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Symbol; font-size: 18pt; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-list: Ignore;&quot;&gt;·&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;ค่าศักย์ไฟฟ้า ขา &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt;&quot;&gt;+ = &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ค่าศักย์ไฟฟ้าขา &lt;/span&gt;-&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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อ้างอิง&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 50%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.answers.com/topic/operational-amplifier&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;http://www.answers.com/topic/operational-amplifier&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 18pt; line-height: 50%;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://research.cs.tamu.edu/prism/lectures/iss/iss_l5.pdf&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: purple;&quot;&gt;http://research.cs.tamu.edu/prism/lectures/iss/iss_l5.pdf&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/3805047598167083810/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/ideal-op-amp.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3805047598167083810'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3805047598167083810'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/ideal-op-amp.html' title='Ideal op amp'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiW9xcGAfFKO_qgJn4tBh7uJRcg4xqBHVckUGV_zCdsrmTws-rcGLKUTHnXQuHMMTRzeMvMOo6qicZIg-sLPMtTsKm0Ob4gev71gPwjVPkbfs9sjzGh7R8vypM0_eCXk6XjZqP0xN12OG_Y/s72-c/elec5.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-1366323286530512795</id><published>2010-10-25T22:12:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-25T22:12:30.745+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="resistor"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ตัวต้านทาน"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ตัวต้านทานแถบสี"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อ่านค่าความต้านทาน"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อ่านค่าตัวต้านทาน"/><title type='text'>การอ่านค่าตัวต้านทานแบบแถบสี</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKje794iV4aeBPTCiof-0hurYRUY2IxsZzX6BYRM5BlW6FmKYrrRsuK5lXLS2mBc8Fjuw0T3EWlq7Ie3kCIrD1FhglRfoj0zYo6mEjFJE1Jufi2ROvJn2x5tY2_zyCm2LwWaDrqcEsLkKM/s1600/elec4.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;320&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKje794iV4aeBPTCiof-0hurYRUY2IxsZzX6BYRM5BlW6FmKYrrRsuK5lXLS2mBc8Fjuw0T3EWlq7Ie3kCIrD1FhglRfoj0zYo6mEjFJE1Jufi2ROvJn2x5tY2_zyCm2LwWaDrqcEsLkKM/s320/elec4.JPG&quot; width=&quot;225&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;อ้างอิง &lt;a href=&quot;http://www.oknation.net/blog/nantsumbrella/2007/12/09/entry-3&quot;&gt;http://www.oknation.net/blog/nantsumbrella/2007/12/09/entry-3&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/1366323286530512795/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/1366323286530512795'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/1366323286530512795'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/blog-post.html' title='การอ่านค่าตัวต้านทานแบบแถบสี'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgKje794iV4aeBPTCiof-0hurYRUY2IxsZzX6BYRM5BlW6FmKYrrRsuK5lXLS2mBc8Fjuw0T3EWlq7Ie3kCIrD1FhglRfoj0zYo6mEjFJE1Jufi2ROvJn2x5tY2_zyCm2LwWaDrqcEsLkKM/s72-c/elec4.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-8151033399472468677.post-3327692514198946981</id><published>2010-10-25T21:08:00.000+07:00</published><updated>2010-10-25T21:08:29.174+07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electrical"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="electronics"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ohm&#39;s law"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="กฏของโอห์ม"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="อิเลคทรอนิกส์"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="โอห์ม"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="ไฟฟ้า"/><title type='text'>Ohm’s Law</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;color: black; font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;วงจรไฟฟ้า&lt;/strong&gt; คือทางเดินของกระแสไฟฟ้าตั้งแต่จุดเริ่มต้นหรือแหล่งกำเหนิดไฟฟ้า ไปตามลวดตัวนำหรือสายไฟฟ้า จนได้หมุนกลับมายังจุดเริ่มต้นใหม่มีลักษณะเป็นห่วงปิด วงจรไฟฟ้าอย่างง่ายประกอบด้วย เซลล์ไฟฟ้าหรือแหล่งกำเหนิดไฟฟ้า หลอดไฟ ลวดตัวนำหรือสายไฟฟ้า&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7tq2CyTERiDlD0A3KtazQ8c118bJHd4R8SbeIY7ezslU_EjUtq1rKbCQnGl1bY0E85bZIioo5eEisquRfpBE6DSHhmGxdzTYRzOAHSvzrWcInclno4gpyhwKBOs0ydv2JsUcyNL0K5uFx/s1600/elec1.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7tq2CyTERiDlD0A3KtazQ8c118bJHd4R8SbeIY7ezslU_EjUtq1rKbCQnGl1bY0E85bZIioo5eEisquRfpBE6DSHhmGxdzTYRzOAHSvzrWcInclno4gpyhwKBOs0ydv2JsUcyNL0K5uFx/s1600/elec1.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;border-bottom: medium none; border-left: medium none; border-right: medium none; border-top: medium none; clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;โดย&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;เราสามารถคำนวณหาความสัมพันธ์ระหว่าง &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;กระแสไฟฟ้า&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ตัวต้านทาน&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;”&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; หรือ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;หลอดไฟ&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;และ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;“&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;ความต่างศักย์ไฟฟ้า&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;” &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ตามกฎของโอห์มดังนี้&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;V=IR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;center&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;โดย&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;I &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ กระแสไฟฟ้า&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;แอมแปร์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(A)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;R &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ ค่าความต้านทาน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;โอห์ม&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(Ω)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in; text-align: left; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;V &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ ค่าความต่างศักย์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;โวลท์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(V)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;ในการที่เราจะทำให้กระแสไฟฟ้าไหลในวงจรไฟฟ้าได้นั้นเราจำเป็นที่จะต้องใส่พลังงานไฟฟ้าค่าหนึ่งเข้าไปในวงจร ทั้งนี้เพื่อที่จะทำการเคลื่อนที่อิเลคตรอนอิสระในตัวนำให้ไหลอย่างเป็นระเบียบจากแหล่งกำเนิดไฟฟ้าขั้วหนึ่งไปยังแหล่งกำเนิดไฟฟ้าอีกขั้วหนึ่ง ซึ่งกระแสอิเลกตรอนอิสระนี้เองคือต้นกำเนิดของกระแสไฟฟ้า&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;(I)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; โดยกระแสไฟฟ้าไหลในทิศตรงข้ามกับกระแสอิเลคตรอนในวงจร&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFxLdhldr0OXJHSwdLVfyTS0iNlAR5bOZwrIPkrSTcC6tT6n5qvQ0DbDY2rAVRjgqOJXWYfZSN4ZNE7RcxHf4KSOzeZ12pHgDlqfdFxc0bh-cYDMxugLu_SMI3H_-rEFp0Yp_r1acUFhVI/s1600/elec2.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; height=&quot;179&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgFxLdhldr0OXJHSwdLVfyTS0iNlAR5bOZwrIPkrSTcC6tT6n5qvQ0DbDY2rAVRjgqOJXWYfZSN4ZNE7RcxHf4KSOzeZ12pHgDlqfdFxc0bh-cYDMxugLu_SMI3H_-rEFp0Yp_r1acUFhVI/s320/elec2.JPG&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;นิยามของกระแสไฟฟ้า&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(I)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ประจุไฟฟ้า&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(Q)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ที่เคลื่อนไหลในวงจรไฟฟ้าในเวลาหนึ่งวินาที ซึ่งกระแสไฟฟ้าหนึ่งแอมแปร์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(A)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;นั้นจะเท่ากับประจุไฟฟ้าหนึ่งคูลอมป์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ไหล&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt;&quot;&gt;ผ่านพื้นที่หน้าตัดของตัวนำไฟฟ้าในหนึ่งวินาทีและหนึ่งคูลอมป์นั้นจะเท่ากับอิเลคตรอน&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;อิสระ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #333333; font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;6,250,000,000,000,000,000 &lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;ตัว มีความสัมพันธ์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%;&quot;&gt;ดังสมการ&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: black; color: white;&quot;&gt;I=Q/T&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;
&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;โดย&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;I &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ กระแสไฟฟ้า&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;แอมแปร์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(A)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;Q &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ ประจุไฟฟ้า&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;คูลอมป์&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(C)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;T &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;คือ เวลา&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 2;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;มีหน่วยเป็น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;วินาที&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;(S)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div align=&quot;left&quot; class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;﻿&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;หากเราทำการเชื่อมต่อแหล่งกำเนิดไฟฟ้าใดๆของเราเข้ากับเครื่องใช้ไฟฟ้าหรือตัวต้านทานใดๆแล้วเราสามารถหาค่าต่างๆที่เราต้องการจากการคำนวนได้ ตัวอย่างเช่น &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDjPoXHBD9d-8Q5fWqs5Y5hxMyBb4GDrrUiQ5Xk8YevhIcr2t3XHxTUxsA-toYTPljZAmtrPcba2e6bUh9IwJXU4AroETV14XQmvSdMzOMeP9w7ykcSaQoFSW7orouMIWV7le4qmcAuQH5/s1600/elec3.JPG&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; nx=&quot;true&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjDjPoXHBD9d-8Q5fWqs5Y5hxMyBb4GDrrUiQ5Xk8YevhIcr2t3XHxTUxsA-toYTPljZAmtrPcba2e6bUh9IwJXU4AroETV14XQmvSdMzOMeP9w7ykcSaQoFSW7orouMIWV7le4qmcAuQH5/s1600/elec3.JPG&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ถ้าหากเราอยากทราบว่าหลอดไฟมีความต้านทานเท่าไหร่และเราทราบค่าของกระแสไฟฟ้า และค่าแรงเคลื่อนไฟฟ้า ทำให้เราสามารถคำนวณหาค่าความต้านทานได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ถ้าให้ &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;V=15 V &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;I= 3 A &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;จะได้&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;V=IR&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;span style=&quot;mso-spacerun: yes;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;R= V/I&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ดังนั้น&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 1;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;R=15/3= 5 &lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;โอห์ม&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;ในทำนองเดียวกันหากเราทราบค่าทางไฟฟ้าอื่นๆ เราก็สามารถที่จะใช้กฎของโอห์มในการคำนวณหาค่าต่างๆที่ต้องการได้&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family: &amp;quot;Times New Roman&amp;quot;; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 6;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 6;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;u&gt;อ้างอิง&lt;/u&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&quot;&gt;http://th.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B8%81%E0%B8%A3%E0%B8%B0%E0%B9%81%E0%B8%AA%E0%B9%84%E0%B8%9F%E0%B8%9F%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; 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style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&lt;span lang=&quot;TH&quot; style=&quot;font-family: &amp;quot;Cordia New&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;sans-serif&amp;quot;; font-size: 14pt; line-height: 115%; mso-ansi-font-size: 11.0pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.school.net.th/library/create-web/10000/science/10000-4162.html&quot;&gt;http://www.school.net.th/library/create-web/10000/science/10000-4162.html&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;MsoNormal&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 115%; margin: 12pt 0in 0pt; text-align: center; text-indent: 0.5in;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;mso-tab-count: 5;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Calibri;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/feeds/3327692514198946981/comments/default' title='ส่งความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/ohms-law.html#comment-form' title='0 ความคิดเห็น'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3327692514198946981'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/8151033399472468677/posts/default/3327692514198946981'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://thai-electronics.blogspot.com/2010/10/ohms-law.html' title='Ohm’s Law'/><author><name>thai-electronics</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/07580862550320209677</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj7tq2CyTERiDlD0A3KtazQ8c118bJHd4R8SbeIY7ezslU_EjUtq1rKbCQnGl1bY0E85bZIioo5eEisquRfpBE6DSHhmGxdzTYRzOAHSvzrWcInclno4gpyhwKBOs0ydv2JsUcyNL0K5uFx/s72-c/elec1.JPG" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>