<!DOCTYPE html><html lang="en"><head><meta charSet="utf-8"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width"/><title>CityLab - Bloomberg</title><link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/favicon-black.png"/><link rel="canonical" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/phx-citylab"/><meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1, viewport-fit=cover"/><meta name="apple-itunes-app" content="app-id=281941097"/><meta name="robots" content="max-image-preview:large"/><meta name="description" content="Bloomberg CityLab reports on the world’s cities, communities, and neighborhoods: How they work, the challenges they face, and the solutions they need."/><meta name="parsely-title" content="CityLab - Bloomberg"/><meta name="parsely-link" content="https://www.bloomberg.com/phx-citylab"/><meta name="parsely-type" content="sectionpage"/><meta name="parsely-image-url" content=""/><meta property="og:description" content="Bloomberg CityLab reports on the world’s cities, communities, and neighborhoods: How they work, the challenges they face, and the solutions they need."/><meta property="og:image" content=""/><meta property="og:site_name" content="Bloomberg.com"/><meta property="og:title" content="CityLab - Bloomberg"/><meta property="og:type" content="website"/><meta property="og:url" content="https://www.bloomberg.com/phx-citylab"/><meta name="twitter:card" content="summary_large_image"/><meta name="twitter:site" content="@business"/><meta name="twitter:description" content="Bloomberg CityLab reports on the world’s cities, communities, and neighborhoods: How they work, the challenges they face, and the solutions they need."/><meta name="twitter:title" content="CityLab - Bloomberg"/><meta name="twitter:image" content=""/><meta name="twitter:tile:template:testing" content="2"/><meta name="twitter:tile:image" content=""/><meta name="twitter:tile:image:alt" content="CityLab - Bloomberg"/><meta name="next-head-count" content="8"/><style>
                        /* Declare CSS layer order before any stylesheets load. */
                        /* This must be an inline &lt;style&gt; in the document head so */
                        /* it survives Next.js hydration style-tag replacement and */
                        /* always comes first, guaranteeing tailwind-base has the */
                        /* lowest cascade priority. */

                        @layer tailwind-base, media-ui-reset, phx, video-js;
                        @layer phx.base, phx.components, phx.team;
                    </style><link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/"/><link rel="preconnect" href="https://assets.bwbx.io"/><link rel="dns-prefetch" href="https://assets.bwbx.io"/><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com" rel="preconnect"/><link crossorigin="anonymous" href="https://fonts.gstatic.com" rel="preconnect"/><link href="https://fonts.googleapis.com/css2?family=Noto+Sans+JP:wght@400..700&amp;display=swap" rel="stylesheet"/><div>
        <script>!function(){"use strict";function t(t,a,e,n){if("a"===e&&!n)throw new TypeError("Private accessor was defined without a getter");if("function"==typeof a?t!==a||!n:!a.has(t))throw new TypeError("Cannot read private member from an object whose class did not declare it");return"m"===e?n:"a"===e?n.call(t):n?n.value:a.get(t)}!function(){const t={VERSION:"2.1.0"};try{if(process)return process.env=Object.assign({},process.env),void Object.assign(process.env,t)}catch(t){}globalThis.process={env:t}}();const a="abbaClient:loaded";var e,n,i,o;class b{constructor({abbaPlatform:t,waitForContentMetadata:a=!1}){e.add(this),this.platform=t,this.waitForContentMetadata=a}init(){this.setupAbbaClient=this.setupAbbaClient.bind(this),t(this,e,"m",i).call(this)?t(this,e,"m",n).call(this):document.addEventListener(a,this.setupAbbaClient)}async getContentMetadata(){var t;return this.contentMetadata?this.contentMetadata:(this.waitForContentMetadata&&!this._contentMetadataPromise&&(this._contentMetadataPromise=new Promise((t=>{this._resolveContentMetadata=t}))),null!==(t=this._contentMetadataPromise)&&void 0!==t?t:Promise.resolve({}))}setContentMetadata(t){var a;this.contentMetadata=t,null===(a=this._resolveContentMetadata)||void 0===a||a.call(this,this.contentMetadata)}async getAbbaClient(){return this.abbaClient?this.abbaClient:(this._abbaClientPromise||(this._abbaClientPromise=new Promise((t=>{this._resolveAbbaClient=t}))),this._abbaClientPromise)}setAbbaClient(a){var n;this.abbaClient=a,window.__bloomberg__=t(this,e,"m",o).call(this),window.__bloomberg__.abbaClient=a,null===(n=this._resolveAbbaClient)||void 0===n||n.call(this,this.abbaClient)}async getAbbaConfig(t,a){const e=await this.getAbbaClient();return await e.getConfig(t,a)}async refreshAbbaClient(t){this.setContentMetadata(t);const a=await this.getAbbaClient();await a.refresh({contentMetadata:t})}async setupAbbaClient(){setTimeout((()=>t(this,e,"m",n).call(this)),0),document.removeEventListener(a,this.setupAbbaClient)}}let s;e=new WeakSet,n=async function(){var a;if(this.abbaClient)return;window.__bloomberg__=t(this,e,"m",o).call(this);const n=await(null===(a=t(this,e,"m",i).call(this))||void 0===a?void 0:a.build({platform:this.platform,contentMetadata:await this.getContentMetadata()}));n?(this.setAbbaClient(n),window.__bloomberg__.potentiallyStaleUserInfo=await n.getUserInfoPotentiallyStale(),document.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent("abbaClient:ready"))):console.log("_abbaClientClass.build failed to build abbaClient")},i=function(){var t;return null===(t=window.__bloomberg__)||void 0===t?void 0:t._abbaClientClass},o=function(){return window.__bloomberg__||{}};const l=({abbaPlatform:t="frontend",waitForContentMetadata:a=!1})=>{var e;(e={abbaPlatform:t,waitForContentMetadata:a},void 0===s&&(s=new b(e),window.__bloomberg__=window.__bloomberg__||{},window.__bloomberg__.getAbbaConfig=s.getAbbaConfig.bind(s),window.__bloomberg__.getAbbaClient=s.getAbbaClient.bind(s),window.__bloomberg__.getContentMetadata=s.getContentMetadata.bind(s),window.__bloomberg__.refreshAbbaClient=s.refreshAbbaClient.bind(s),window.__bloomberg__.setContentMetadata=s.setContentMetadata.bind(s),window.__bloomberg__.abbaPlatform=e.abbaPlatform,window.__bloomberg__.waitForContentMetadata=e.waitForContentMetadata),s).init()};var r,d;window.__abbaScriptInitialized||(window.__abbaScriptInitialized=!0,l({abbaPlatform:null===(r=window.__bloomberg__)||void 0===r?void 0:r.abbaPlatform,waitForContentMetadata:null===(d=window.__bloomberg__)||void 0===d?void 0:d.waitForContentMetadata}))}();
</script>
        <script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/abba/abba-client/latest/abba-client.js" async></script>
    </div><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/" rel="preconnect"/><link href="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/" rel="preconnect" crossorigin="anonymous"/><link href="https://pub.doubleverify.com/" rel="preconnect"/><script src="https://securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async="" type="text/javascript"></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/spritz/v1/spritz.mjs" type="module" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/spritz/v1/spritz.js" defer="" nomodule=""></script><script>(function(w, n) {
                        w[n] = w[n] || {};
                        w[n].cmd = w[n].cmd || [];
                    })(window, "Spritz");</script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/sparkle/v6/sparkle.mjs" type="module" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/sparkle/v6/sparkle.js" defer="" nomodule=""></script><script src="https://pub.doubleverify.com/dvtag/24434720/DV1462763/pub.js" async="" type="text/javascript"></script><script>(function(w, n) {
                        w[n] = w[n] || {};
                        w[n].cmd = w[n].cmd || [];
                    })(window, "Sparkle");</script><script>!function(e,t,c,n,o,a,m){e._bmb||(o=e._bmb=function(){o.x?o.x.apply(o,arguments):o.q.push(arguments)},o.q=[],a=t.createElement(c),a.async=true,a.src="https://vi.ml314.com/get?eid=50066&tk=aO1CCthMyYq5eNlVwlKQXL9igGlRPy95K4LLnm84p2bE3d&fp="+(e.localStorage&&e.localStorage.getItem(n)||""),m=t.getElementsByTagName(c)[0],m.parentNode.insertBefore(a,m))}(window,document,"script","_ccmaid");</script><div>
        
        <script id="ccpa-stub-script">
            (function () { var e = false; var c = window; var t = document; function r() { if (!c.frames["__uspapiLocator"]) { if (t.body) { var a = t.body; var e = t.createElement("iframe"); e.style.cssText = "display:none"; e.name = "__uspapiLocator"; a.appendChild(e) } else { setTimeout(r, 5) } } } r(); function p() { var a = arguments; __uspapi.a = __uspapi.a || []; if (!a.length) { return __uspapi.a } else if (a[0] === "ping") { a[2]({ gdprAppliesGlobally: e, cmpLoaded: false }, true) } else { __uspapi.a.push([].slice.apply(a)) } } function l(t) { var r = typeof t.data === "string"; try { var a = r ? JSON.parse(t.data) : t.data; if (a.__cmpCall) { var n = a.__cmpCall; c.__uspapi(n.command, n.parameter, function (a, e) { var c = { __cmpReturn: { returnValue: a, success: e, callId: n.callId } }; t.source.postMessage(r ? JSON.stringify(c) : c, "*") }) } } catch (a) { } } if (typeof __uspapi !== "function") { c.__uspapi = p; __uspapi.msgHandler = l; c.addEventListener("message", l, false) } })();
        </script>
    
        
        <script id="msps-stub-script">
            window.__gpp_addFrame=function(e){if(!window.frames[e])if(document.body){var t=document.createElement("iframe");t.style.cssText="display:none",t.name=e,document.body.appendChild(t)}else window.setTimeout(window.__gpp_addFrame,10,e)},window.__gpp_stub=function(){var e=arguments;if(__gpp.queue=__gpp.queue||[],__gpp.events=__gpp.events||[],!e.length||1==e.length&&"queue"==e[0])return __gpp.queue;if(1==e.length&&"events"==e[0])return __gpp.events;var t=e[0],p=e.length>1?e[1]:null,s=e.length>2?e[2]:null;if("ping"===t)p({gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}},!0);else if("addEventListener"===t){"lastId"in __gpp||(__gpp.lastId=0),__gpp.lastId++;var n=__gpp.lastId;__gpp.events.push({id:n,callback:p,parameter:s}),p({eventName:"listenerRegistered",listenerId:n,data:!0,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else if("removeEventListener"===t){for(var a=!1,i=0;i<__gpp.events.length;i++)if(__gpp.events[i].id==s){__gpp.events.splice(i,1),a=!0;break}p({eventName:"listenerRemoved",listenerId:s,data:a,pingData:{gppVersion:"1.1",cmpStatus:"stub",cmpDisplayStatus:"hidden",signalStatus:"not ready",supportedAPIs:["2:tcfeuv2","5:tcfcav1","6:uspv1","7:usnatv1","8:uscav1","9:usvav1","10:uscov1","11:usutv1","12:usctv1"],cmpId:0,sectionList:[],applicableSections:[],gppString:"",parsedSections:{}}},!0)}else"hasSection"===t?p(!1,!0):"getSection"===t||"getField"===t?p(null,!0):__gpp.queue.push([].slice.apply(e))},window.__gpp_msghandler=function(e){var t="string"==typeof e.data;try{var p=t?JSON.parse(e.data):e.data}catch(e){p=null}if("object"==typeof p&&null!==p&&"__gppCall"in p){var s=p.__gppCall;window.__gpp(s.command,(function(p,n){var a={__gppReturn:{returnValue:p,success:n,callId:s.callId}};e.source.postMessage(t?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),"parameter"in s?s.parameter:null,"version"in s?s.version:"1.1")}},"__gpp"in window&&"function"==typeof window.__gpp||(window.__gpp=window.__gpp_stub,window.addEventListener("message",window.__gpp_msghandler,!1),window.__gpp_addFrame("__gppLocator"));
        </script>
    
        
        <script id="gdpr-stub-script">
            function _typeof(t){return(_typeof="function"==typeof Symbol&&"symbol"==typeof Symbol.iterator?function(t){return typeof t}:function(t){return t&&"function"==typeof Symbol&&t.constructor===Symbol&&t!==Symbol.prototype?"symbol":typeof t})(t)}!function(){for(var t,e,o=[],n=window,r=n;r;){try{if(r.frames.__tcfapiLocator){t=r;break}}catch(t){}if(r===n.top)break;r=n.parent}t||(function t(){var e=n.document,o=!!n.frames.__tcfapiLocator;if(!o)if(e.body){var r=e.createElement("iframe");r.style.cssText="display:none",r.name="__tcfapiLocator",e.body.appendChild(r)}else setTimeout(t,5);return!o}(),n.__tcfapi=function(){for(var t=arguments.length,n=new Array(t),r=0;r<t;r++)n[r]=arguments[r];if(!n.length)return o;"setGdprApplies"===n[0]?n.length>3&&2===parseInt(n[1],10)&&"boolean"==typeof n[3]&&(e=n[3],"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]("set",!0)):"ping"===n[0]?"function"==typeof n[2]&&n[2]({gdprApplies:e,cmpLoaded:!1,cmpStatus:"stub"}):o.push(n)},n.addEventListener("message",(function(t){var e="string"==typeof t.data,o={};if(e)try{o=JSON.parse(t.data)}catch(t){}else o=t.data;var n="object"===_typeof(o)?o.__tcfapiCall:null;n&&window.__tcfapi(n.command,n.version,(function(o,r){var a={__tcfapiReturn:{returnValue:o,success:r,callId:n.callId}};t&&t.source&&t.source.postMessage&&t.source.postMessage(e?JSON.stringify(a):a,"*")}),n.parameter)}),!1))}();
        </script>
    
        <script id="cmp-client-config">
            (function(){
                function getCookieValue(name) {
                    const matches = document.cookie.match("(^|;) ?" + name + "=([^;$]*)");
                    return matches ? matches[2] : "";
                }
                const isKisa = true && getCookieValue("country_code") === "KR";
                window._sp_queue = [];
                window._sp_ = {
                    config: {
                        accountId: 1425,
                        authCookie: "_breg-uid",
                        baseEndpoint: "https://sourcepointcmp.bloomberg.com",
                        propertyId: isKisa ? 29886 : 31489,
                        propertyHref: isKisa ? "https://kisa.bloomberg.com" : "https://mc.bloomberg.com",
                        joinHref: true,
                        targetingParams: {
                            isKisa: isKisa,
                            view: window.isTerminal ? "terminal" : "web"
                        },
                        usnat: {
                            includeUspApi: true
                        },
                        gdpr: {},
                        events: {}
                    }
                }
            })();
        </script>
        <script async src="https://sourcepointcmp.bloomberg.com/unified/wrapperMessagingWithoutDetection.js"></script>
</div><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/foundation/cmp-client/v3/cmp-client.min.js" crossorigin="anonymous" async=""></script><script id="cmp-client-init">window.cmpClient = window.cmpClient || { cmd: [] };
                        window.cmpClient.cmd.push(function () {
                            const cmpClient = window.getCmpClient({"language":"en"});
                            cmpClient.init();
                        });</script><style data-service="font-service" data-font-names="AvenirNextPForBBG,BWHaasGroteskWeb,BWHaasHead,Bloomberg Logotypes,PublicoHead,PublicoText,PublicoTextMono">@font-face{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/AvenirNextPForBBG-Regular-eb3bb1b816.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/AvenirNextPForBBG-Regular-093448f517.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG;font-display:swap;font-weight:600;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/AvenirNextPForBBG-Demi-b9b4abf0ea.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/AvenirNextPForBBG-Demi-7459932d1d.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:'Bloomberg Logotypes';font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/Bloomberg%20Logotypes-Medium-0e53877b78.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/Bloomberg%20Logotypes-Medium-4f4134c199.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-55Roman-Web-7998fbcba8.eot');src:local('?'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-55Roman-Web-5cf5733cd9.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-55Roman-Web-a1ea4fd367.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-65Medium-Web-d9a88b8a91.eot');src:local('?'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-65Medium-Web-8f5de0c368.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-65Medium-Web-e205ada7dd.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-75Bold-Web-de8c77cce2.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-75Bold-Web-506363704e.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:900;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-95Black-Web-3629d1569b.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-95Black-Web-37847ad026.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-56Italic-Web-39c99fc394.eot');src:local('?'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-56Italic-Web-669253244d.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-56Italic-Web-296d0c8182.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-66MediumItalic-Web-d725f5ecec.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-66MediumItalic-Web-503f6e56b6.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-76BoldItalic-Web-1276e0d1bc.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-76BoldItalic-Web-1032f4ce3a.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasGroteskWeb;font-display:swap;font-weight:900;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-96BlackItalic-Web-47835b8d5d.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasGrotesk-96BlackItalic-Web-1a0b95417e.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:900;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-95Black-d9b9c8bdda.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-95Black-576df53533.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:700;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-75Bold-f38aa54387.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-75Bold-a8669e9538.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-55Roman-bb69898728.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-55Roman-58293d4d67.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-65Medium-a4b781f4af.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-65Medium-7fca672848.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-56Italic-b6ed5982f2.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-56Italic-e924a76be8.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:BWHaasHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:500;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-66MediumItalic-2353ae9b60.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/BWHaasHead-66MediumItalic-a0b9cedb3e.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:900;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Black-Web-d1a1b3d673.eot');src:local('?'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Black-Web-01df76cd27.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Black-Web-4e5abb92d5.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoHead;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Roman-Web-79c3e90570.eot');src:local('?'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Roman-Web-8a145ed2f3.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoHeadline-Roman-Web-43d6fa2ad7.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoText;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoText-Roman-Web-bfa063ee27.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoText-Roman-Web-e953eb7239.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoText;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoText-Italic-Web-b04a2274cf.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoText-Italic-Web-ba4fbc1a59.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoTextMono;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:normal;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoTextMono-Roman-Web-030ce79c82.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoTextMono-Roman-Web-39b4bff080.woff') format('woff')}@font-face{font-family:PublicoTextMono;font-display:swap;font-weight:400;font-style:italic;src:url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoTextMono-Italic-Web-de42f6a4f1.woff2') format('woff2'),url('https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/fontservice/fonts/PublicoTextMono-Italic-Web-7d197ea7c1.woff') format('woff')}</style><meta name="format-detection" content="telephone=no"/><script id="gtm_analytics" type="text/javascript" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">
                  window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
                  window.dataLayer.push({"brand":"business","contentType":"sectionfront-phx-citylab","pageType":"lineup-sectionfront","parselySite":"","refresh":false,"template":"new-lineup","title":"CityLab - Bloomberg","transporter":false,"vertical":"business"});
                </script><script id="sparkle-init-provider" type="text/javascript" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">
                        window.Sparkle.cmd.push(function(){
                            var lang = document.documentElement.lang || "en";
                            var options = {"networkCode":"5262","breakpoints":{"mobile":0,"tablet":768,"small_desktop":1123,"large_desktop":1335},"adBlockerShouldBeBlocked":true,"disableAds":false,"useCachedConsent":true,"pageTargeting":{"page":"citylab","thematic":"citylab","tr":["silveru","goldu","platu","chfu","jpyu","ftse1u","ftse2","sgxu","techu","blpusdd","chfd","jpyd","oild","sgoldd","pimcocur","travd","twcomd","blksmartb","legatruutest","blkvlue","ssgadowd","testblend","teston","ai","ipos","cloud","econgrwth","intrate","Earnings","centralbankers","monetarypolicy","esg","banking","bonds","commodity","ishares_ihak","CBOEVIXD","rty_down","ccmp_down","spx_down","indu_down","bain_esg","fixedincomeishares","gsbitcoinetf","iSharesBitcoin","BRSPD","krbt","vixschwabd","teslau","utilityd","teslad","utilitiesu","materialsu","rbd","testTrgr","mfsgovernmentbonds","ecolabtrigr"]},"observerOptions":{"rootMargin":"0px 0px 300px 0px"},"disableIAS":true,"enableBombora":true,"disableTrigr":true,"isDecoupled":true,"dvScriptUrl":"https://pub.doubleverify.com/dvtag/24434720/DV1462763/pub.js","adContextData":{"adCode":"bloomberg/citylab/index","adPageType":"other"},"excludeTargetingTypes":["content"]}
                            window.Sparkle.init({ ...options, adBlockerShouldBeBlocked: lang !== "ja" });
                        });
                    </script><script id="sparkle-init-ad" type="text/javascript" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">
            window.Sparkle.cmd.push(function(){
                const decoupleDiv = window.document.createElement("div");
                decoupleDiv.id = "leaderboard-decoupled";
                decoupleDiv.setAttribute("data-testid", "sparkle-ad");
                decoupleDiv.setAttribute("data-ad-status", "rendering");
                decoupleDiv.setAttribute("className", "");
                window.document.body.appendChild(decoupleDiv);
                var adOptions = {"disableAds":true,"adCode":"bloomberg/citylab/index","isDecoupled":true,"strategy":"always","refreshOptions":{"refreshInterval":0},"dimensions":{"all":[[5,16]],"large_desktop":[[970,250]],"small_desktop":[[970,250]],"tablet":[[320,50],[300,50]],"mobile":[[320,50],[300,50]]},"targeting":{"position":"leaderboard"},"containerId":"leaderboard-decoupled"}
                window.Sparkle.createAd({...adOptions});
            });
                    </script><script id="event-recorder-init" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">
                       (function y(){window.eventRecorder=window.eventRecorder||{cmd:[]},window.eventRecorder.cmd.push(function(){window.getEventRecorderClient("lineup").fireEvent("PageLoaded")})})();
                       </script><script type="text/javascript" id="browser-timing-header" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">window.NREUM||(NREUM={});NREUM.info = {"agent":"","beacon":"bam.nr-data.net","errorBeacon":"bam.nr-data.net","licenseKey":"NRBR-e5dfad0490a18a98dac","applicationID":"962059404","agentToken":null,"applicationTime":140.64286,"transactionName":"NFNaMhRTV0dXVENdXw0ZbwMEdEtVW1JAW0IIY0oPSXxcTEJdRBt3JmIXSQVHS1VCXlhaHxNeVwMIW0EbbUdWU1UqUmU=","queueTime":51,"ttGuid":"dd50995dddae70e3"}; (window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).init={privacy:{cookies_enabled:true},ajax:{deny_list:[]},feature_flags:["soft_nav"],distributed_tracing:{enabled:true}};(window.NREUM||(NREUM={})).loader_config={agentID:"1103159074",accountID:"1982697",trustKey:"25300",xpid:"VQ8PU1BaDxAJUlNSAggDVlA=",licenseKey:"NRBR-e5dfad0490a18a98dac",applicationID:"962059404",browserID:"1103159074"};;/*! For license information please see nr-loader-spa-1.313.1.min.js.LICENSE.txt */
(()=>{var e,t,r={384:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{NT:()=>a,Zm:()=>c,bQ:()=>u,dV:()=>d,pV:()=>l});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863),s=r(944),o=r(1910);const a={beacon:"bam.nr-data.net",errorBeacon:"bam.nr-data.net"};function c(){return n.gm.NREUM||(n.gm.NREUM={}),void 0===n.gm.newrelic&&(n.gm.newrelic=n.gm.NREUM),n.gm.NREUM}function d(){let e=c();return e.o||(e.o={ST:n.gm.setTimeout,SI:n.gm.setImmediate||n.gm.setInterval,CT:n.gm.clearTimeout,XHR:n.gm.XMLHttpRequest,REQ:n.gm.Request,EV:n.gm.Event,PR:n.gm.Promise,MO:n.gm.MutationObserver,FETCH:n.gm.fetch,WS:n.gm.WebSocket},(0,o.i)(...Object.values(e.o))),e}function u(e,t){let r=c();r.initializedAgents??={},t.initializedAt={ms:(0,i.t)(),date:new Date},r.initializedAgents[e]=t,2===Object.keys(r.initializedAgents).length&&(0,s.R)(69)}function l(){return function(){let e=c();const t=e.info||{};e.info={beacon:a.beacon,errorBeacon:a.errorBeacon,...t}}(),function(){let e=c();const t=e.init||{};e.init={...t}}(),d(),function(){let e=c();const t=e.loader_config||{};e.loader_config={...t}}(),c()}},782:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewTiming},860:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$J:()=>u,K7:()=>c,P3:()=>d,XX:()=>i,Yy:()=>a,df:()=>s,qY:()=>n,v4:()=>o});const n="events",i="jserrors",s="browser/blobs",o="rum",a="browser/logs",c={ajax:"ajax",genericEvents:"generic_events",jserrors:i,logging:"logging",metrics:"metrics",pageAction:"page_action",pageViewEvent:"page_view_event",pageViewTiming:"page_view_timing",sessionReplay:"session_replay",sessionTrace:"session_trace",softNav:"soft_navigations"},d={[c.pageViewEvent]:1,[c.pageViewTiming]:2,[c.metrics]:3,[c.jserrors]:4,[c.softNav]:5,[c.ajax]:6,[c.sessionTrace]:7,[c.sessionReplay]:8,[c.logging]:9,[c.genericEvents]:10},u={[c.pageViewEvent]:o,[c.pageViewTiming]:n,[c.ajax]:n,[c.softNav]:n,[c.metrics]:i,[c.jserrors]:i,[c.sessionTrace]:s,[c.sessionReplay]:s,[c.logging]:a,[c.genericEvents]:"ins"}},944:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>i});var n=r(3241);function i(e,t){"function"==typeof console.debug&&(console.debug("New Relic Warning: https://github.com/newrelic/newrelic-browser-agent/blob/main/docs/warning-codes.md#".concat(e),t),(0,n.W)({drained:null,type:"data",name:"warn",feature:"warn",data:{code:e,secondary:t}}))}},993:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A$:()=>s,ET:()=>o,TZ:()=>a,p_:()=>i});var n=r(860);const i={ERROR:"ERROR",WARN:"WARN",INFO:"INFO",DEBUG:"DEBUG",TRACE:"TRACE"},s={OFF:0,ERROR:1,WARN:2,INFO:3,DEBUG:4,TRACE:5},o="log",a=n.K7.logging},1687:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Ak:()=>a,Ze:()=>d,x3:()=>c});var n=r(3241),i=r(3606),s=r(860),o=r(2646);function a(e,t){if(!e)return;const r={staged:!1,priority:s.P3[t]||0};e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t)||e.runtime.drainRegistry.set(t,r)}function c(e,t){if(!e)return;const r=e.runtime.drainRegistry;r&&(r.get(t)&&r.delete(t),l(e,t,!1),r.size&&u(e))}function d(e,t="feature",r=!1){if(e){if(!e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t)||r)return l(e,t);e.runtime.drainRegistry.get(t).staged=!0,u(e)}}function u(e){if(!e)return;const t=Array.from(e.runtime.drainRegistry);t.every(([e,t])=>t.staged)&&(t.sort((e,t)=>e[1].priority-t[1].priority),t.forEach(([t])=>{e.runtime.drainRegistry.delete(t),l(e,t)}))}function l(e,t,r=!0){if(!e)return;const s=e.ee,a=i.i.handlers;if(s&&!s.aborted&&s.backlog&&a){if((0,n.W)({type:"lifecycle",name:"drain",feature:t}),r){const e=s.backlog[t],r=a[t];if(r){for(let t=0;e&&t<e.length;++t)f(e[t],r);Object.entries(r).forEach(([e,t])=>{Object.values(t||{}).forEach(t=>{t[0]?.on&&t[0].context()instanceof o.y&&!t[0].listeners(e).includes(t[1])&&t[0].on(e,t[1])})})}}s.isolatedBacklog||delete a[t],s.backlog[t]=null,s.emit("drain-"+t,[])}}function f(e,t){var r=e[1];Object.values(t[r]||{}).forEach(t=>{var r=e[0];if(t[0]===r){var n=t[1],i=e[3],s=e[2];n.apply(i,s)}})}},1738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{U:()=>f,Y:()=>l});var n=r(3241),i=r(9908),s=r(1863),o=r(944),a=r(3969),c=r(8362),d=r(860),u=r(4261);function l(e,t,r,s){const l=s||r;!l||l[e]&&l[e]!==c.d.prototype[e]||(l[e]=function(){(0,i.p)(a.xV,["API/"+e+"/called"],void 0,d.K7.metrics,r.ee),(0,n.W)({drained:!!r.runtime?.activatedFeatures,type:"data",name:"api",feature:u.Pl+e,data:{}});try{return t.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){(0,o.R)(23,e)}})}function f(e,t,r,n,o){const a=e.info;null===r?delete a.jsAttributes[t]:a.jsAttributes[t]=r,(o||null===r)&&(0,i.p)(u.Pl+n,[(0,s.t)(),t,r],void 0,"session",e.ee)}},1741:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(944),i=r(4261);class s{#e(e,...t){if(this[e]!==s.prototype[e])return this[e](...t);(0,n.R)(35,e)}addPageAction(e,t){return this.#e(i.hG,e,t)}register(e){return this.#e(i.eY,e)}recordCustomEvent(e,t){return this.#e(i.fF,e,t)}setPageViewName(e,t){return this.#e(i.Fw,e,t)}setCustomAttribute(e,t,r){return this.#e(i.cD,e,t,r)}noticeError(e,t){return this.#e(i.o5,e,t)}setUserId(e,t=!1){return this.#e(i.Dl,e,t)}setApplicationVersion(e){return this.#e(i.nb,e)}setErrorHandler(e){return this.#e(i.bt,e)}addRelease(e,t){return this.#e(i.k6,e,t)}log(e,t){return this.#e(i.$9,e,t)}start(){return this.#e(i.d3)}finished(e){return this.#e(i.BL,e)}recordReplay(){return this.#e(i.CH)}pauseReplay(){return this.#e(i.Tb)}addToTrace(e){return this.#e(i.U2,e)}setCurrentRouteName(e){return this.#e(i.PA,e)}interaction(e){return this.#e(i.dT,e)}wrapLogger(e,t,r){return this.#e(i.Wb,e,t,r)}measure(e,t){return this.#e(i.V1,e,t)}consent(e){return this.#e(i.Pv,e)}}},1863:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(){return Math.floor(performance.now())}r.d(t,{t:()=>n})},1910:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>s});var n=r(944);const i=new Map;function s(...e){return e.every(e=>{if(i.has(e))return i.get(e);const t="function"==typeof e?e.toString():"",r=t.includes("[native code]"),s=t.includes("nrWrapper");return r||s||(0,n.R)(64,e?.name||t),i.set(e,r),r})}},2555:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>a,f:()=>o});var n=r(384),i=r(8122);const s={beacon:n.NT.beacon,errorBeacon:n.NT.errorBeacon,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,sa:void 0,queueTime:void 0,applicationTime:void 0,ttGuid:void 0,user:void 0,account:void 0,product:void 0,extra:void 0,jsAttributes:{},userAttributes:void 0,atts:void 0,transactionName:void 0,tNamePlain:void 0};function o(e){try{return!!e.licenseKey&&!!e.errorBeacon&&!!e.applicationID}catch(e){return!1}}const a=e=>(0,i.a)(e,s)},2614:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>o,H3:()=>n,g:()=>d,iL:()=>c,tS:()=>a,uh:()=>i,wk:()=>s});const n="NRBA",i="SESSION",s=144e5,o=18e5,a={STARTED:"session-started",PAUSE:"session-pause",RESET:"session-reset",RESUME:"session-resume",UPDATE:"session-update"},c={SAME_TAB:"same-tab",CROSS_TAB:"cross-tab"},d={OFF:0,FULL:1,ERROR:2}},2646:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{y:()=>n});class n{constructor(e){this.contextId=e}}},2843:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{G:()=>s,u:()=>i});var n=r(3878);function i(e,t=!1,r,i){(0,n.DD)("visibilitychange",function(){if(t)return void("hidden"===document.visibilityState&&e());e(document.visibilityState)},r,i)}function s(e,t,r){(0,n.sp)("pagehide",e,t,r)}},3241:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>s});var n=r(6154);const i="newrelic";function s(e={}){try{n.gm.dispatchEvent(new CustomEvent(i,{detail:e}))}catch(e){}}},3304:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{A:()=>s});var n=r(7836);const i=()=>{const e=new WeakSet;return(t,r)=>{if("object"==typeof r&&null!==r){if(e.has(r))return;e.add(r)}return r}};function s(e){try{return JSON.stringify(e,i())??""}catch(e){try{n.ee.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}return""}}},3333:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$v:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,Xh:()=>c,Zp:()=>i,kd:()=>d,mq:()=>a,nf:()=>o,qN:()=>s});const n=r(860).K7.genericEvents,i=["auxclick","click","copy","keydown","paste","scrollend"],s=["focus","blur"],o=4,a=1e3,c=2e3,d=["PageAction","UserAction","BrowserPerformance"],u={RESOURCES:"experimental.resources",REGISTER:"register"}},3434:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Jt:()=>o,YM:()=>u});var n=r(7836),i=r(5607),s=r(5732);const o="nr@original:".concat(i.W),a=50;var c=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty,d=!1;function u(e,t,r){return e||(e=n.ee),i.inPlace=function(e,t,r,n,s,o){r||(r="");const a="-"===r.charAt(0);for(let c=0;c<t.length;c++){const d=t[c],u=e[d];f(u)||(e[d]=i(u,a?d+r:r,n,d,s,o))}},i.flag=o,i;function i(t,n,i,d,h,p){return f(t)?t:(n||(n=""),nrWrapper[o]=t,function(e,t,r){if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.keys(e).forEach(function(r){Object.defineProperty(t,r,{get:function(){return e[r]},set:function(t){return e[r]=t,t}})}),t}catch(e){l([e],r)}for(var n in e)c.call(e,n)&&(t[n]=e[n])}(t,nrWrapper,e),nrWrapper);function nrWrapper(){var o,c,f,g;let m,v;try{c=this,o=[...arguments],v=p?(0,s.$5)(r):[void 0],f="function"==typeof i?i(o,c):i||{}}catch(t){l([t,"",[o,c,d],f],e)}u(n+"start",[o,c,d,v],f,h);const y=performance.now();let b;try{return g=t.apply(c,o),b=performance.now(),g}catch(e){throw b=performance.now(),u(n+"err",[o,c,e,v],f,h),m=e,m}finally{const e=b-y,t={start:y,end:b,duration:e,isLongTask:e>=a,methodName:d,thrownError:m};t.isLongTask&&u("long-task",[t,c,v],f,h),u(n+"end",[o,c,g,v],f,h)}}}function u(r,n,i,s){if(!d||t){var o=d;d=!0;try{e.emit(r,n,i,t,s)}catch(t){l([t,r,n,i],e)}d=o}}}function l(e,t){t||(t=n.ee);try{t.emit("internal-error",e)}catch(e){}}function f(e){return!(e&&"function"==typeof e&&e.apply&&!e[o])}},3606:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{i:()=>s});var n=r(9908);s.on=o;var i=s.handlers={};function s(e,t,r,s){o(s||n.d,i,e,t,r)}function o(e,t,r,i,s){s||(s="feature"),e||(e=n.d);var o=t[s]=t[s]||{};(o[r]=o[r]||[]).push([e,i])}},3738:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{He:()=>i,Kp:()=>a,Lc:()=>d,Rz:()=>u,TZ:()=>n,bD:()=>s,d3:()=>o,jx:()=>l,sl:()=>f,uP:()=>c});const n=r(860).K7.sessionTrace,i="bstResource",s="resource",o="-start",a="-end",c="fn"+o,d="fn"+a,u="pushState",l=1e3,f=3e4},3785:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{R:()=>c,b:()=>d});var n=r(9908),i=r(1863),s=r(860),o=r(3969),a=r(993);function c(e,t,r={},c=a.p_.INFO,d=!0,u,l=(0,i.t)()){(0,n.p)(o.xV,["API/logging/".concat(c.toLowerCase(),"/called")],void 0,s.K7.metrics,e),(0,n.p)(a.ET,[l,t,r,c,d,u],void 0,s.K7.logging,e)}function d(e){return"string"==typeof e&&Object.values(a.p_).some(t=>t===e.toUpperCase().trim())}},3878:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t){return{capture:e,passive:!1,signal:t}}function i(e,t,r=!1,i){window.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}function s(e,t,r=!1,i){document.addEventListener(e,t,n(r,i))}r.d(t,{DD:()=>s,jT:()=>n,sp:()=>i})},3962:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AM:()=>o,O2:()=>l,OV:()=>s,Qu:()=>f,TZ:()=>c,ih:()=>h,pP:()=>a,t1:()=>u,tC:()=>i,wD:()=>d});var n=r(860);const i=["click","keydown","submit"],s="popstate",o="api",a="initialPageLoad",c=n.K7.softNav,d=5e3,u=500,l={INITIAL_PAGE_LOAD:"",ROUTE_CHANGE:1,UNSPECIFIED:2},f={INTERACTION:1,AJAX:2,CUSTOM_END:3,CUSTOM_TRACER:4},h={IP:"in progress",PF:"pending finish",FIN:"finished",CAN:"cancelled"}},3969:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{TZ:()=>n,XG:()=>a,rs:()=>i,xV:()=>o,z_:()=>s});const n=r(860).K7.metrics,i="sm",s="cm",o="storeSupportabilityMetrics",a="storeEventMetrics"},4234:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>i});var n=r(1687);class i{constructor(e,t){this.agentRef=e,this.ee=e?.ee,this.featureName=t,this.blocked=!1}deregisterDrain(){(0,n.x3)(this.agentRef,this.featureName)}}},4261:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$9:()=>u,BL:()=>c,CH:()=>p,Dl:()=>R,Fw:()=>w,PA:()=>v,Pl:()=>n,Pv:()=>x,Tb:()=>f,U2:()=>o,V1:()=>A,Wb:()=>T,bt:()=>b,cD:()=>y,d3:()=>E,dT:()=>d,eY:()=>g,fF:()=>h,hG:()=>s,hw:()=>i,k6:()=>a,nb:()=>m,o5:()=>l});const n="api-",i=n+"ixn-",s="addPageAction",o="addToTrace",a="addRelease",c="finished",d="interaction",u="log",l="noticeError",f="pauseReplay",h="recordCustomEvent",p="recordReplay",g="register",m="setApplicationVersion",v="setCurrentRouteName",y="setCustomAttribute",b="setErrorHandler",w="setPageViewName",R="setUserId",E="start",T="wrapLogger",A="measure",x="consent"},5205:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{j:()=>x});var n=r(384),i=r(1741);var s=r(2555),o=r(3333);const a=e=>{if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return!1;try{document.createDocumentFragment().querySelector(e)}catch{return!1}return!0};var c=r(2614),d=r(944),u=r(8122);const l="[data-nr-mask]",f=e=>(0,u.a)(e,(()=>{const e={feature_flags:[],experimental:{register:!1,resources:!1},mask_selector:"*",block_selector:"[data-nr-block]",mask_input_options:{color:!1,date:!1,"datetime-local":!1,email:!1,month:!1,number:!1,range:!1,search:!1,tel:!1,text:!1,time:!1,url:!1,week:!1,textarea:!1,select:!1,password:!0}};return{ajax:{deny_list:void 0,block_internal:!0,enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},api:{register:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o.$v.REGISTER)||e.experimental.register},set enabled(t){e.experimental.register=t},duplicate_data_to_container:!1}},browser_consent_mode:{enabled:!1},distributed_tracing:{enabled:void 0,exclude_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_newrelic_header:void 0,cors_use_tracecontext_headers:void 0,allowed_origins:void 0},get feature_flags(){return e.feature_flags},set feature_flags(t){e.feature_flags=t},generic_events:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},harvest:{interval:30},jserrors:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},logging:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},metrics:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},obfuscate:void 0,page_action:{enabled:!0},page_view_event:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},page_view_timing:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},performance:{capture_marks:!1,capture_measures:!1,capture_detail:!0,resources:{get enabled(){return e.feature_flags.includes(o.$v.RESOURCES)||e.experimental.resources},set enabled(t){e.experimental.resources=t},asset_types:[],first_party_domains:[],ignore_newrelic:!0}},privacy:{cookies_enabled:!0},proxy:{assets:void 0,beacon:void 0},session:{expiresMs:c.wk,inactiveMs:c.BB},session_replay:{autoStart:!0,enabled:!1,preload:!1,sampling_rate:10,error_sampling_rate:100,collect_fonts:!1,inline_images:!1,fix_stylesheets:!0,mask_all_inputs:!0,get mask_text_selector(){return e.mask_selector},set mask_text_selector(t){a(t)?e.mask_selector="".concat(t,",").concat(l):""===t||null===t?e.mask_selector=l:(0,d.R)(5,t)},get block_class(){return"nr-block"},get ignore_class(){return"nr-ignore"},get mask_text_class(){return"nr-mask"},get block_selector(){return e.block_selector},set block_selector(t){a(t)?e.block_selector+=",".concat(t):""!==t&&(0,d.R)(6,t)},get mask_input_options(){return e.mask_input_options},set mask_input_options(t){t&&"object"==typeof t?e.mask_input_options={...t,password:!0}:(0,d.R)(7,t)}},session_trace:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},soft_navigations:{enabled:!0,autoStart:!0},ssl:void 0,user_actions:{enabled:!0,elementAttributes:["id","className","tagName","type"]}}})());var h=r(6154),p=r(9324);let g=0;const m={buildEnv:p.F3,distMethod:p.Xs,version:p.xv,originTime:h.WN},v={consented:!1},y={activatedFeatures:void 0,appMetadata:{},configured:!1,get consented(){return this.session?.state?.consent||v.consented},set consented(e){v.consented=e},customTransaction:void 0,denyList:[],disabled:!1,drainRegistry:new Map,harvester:void 0,isolatedBacklog:!1,isRecording:!1,loaderType:void 0,maxBytes:3e4,obfuscator:void 0,onerror:void 0,ptid:void 0,releaseIds:{},session:void 0,timeKeeper:void 0,registeredEntities:[],jsAttributesMetadata:{bytes:0},get harvestCount(){return++g}},b=e=>{const t=(0,u.a)(e,y),r=Object.keys(m).reduce((e,t)=>(e[t]={value:m[t],writable:!1,configurable:!0,enumerable:!0},e),{});return Object.defineProperties(t,r)},w=e=>{const t=e.startsWith("http");e+="/",r.p=t?e:"https://"+e};var R=r(7836),E=r(3241);const T={accountID:void 0,trustKey:void 0,agentID:void 0,licenseKey:void 0,applicationID:void 0,xpid:void 0},A=e=>(0,u.a)(e,T);function x(e,t={},r,o){let{init:a,info:c,loader_config:d,runtime:u={},exposed:l=!0}=t;if(!c){const e=(0,n.pV)();a=e.init,c=e.info,d=e.loader_config}e.init=f(a||{}),e.loader_config=A(d||{}),c.jsAttributes??={},h.bv&&(c.jsAttributes.isWorker=!0),e.info=(0,s.D)(c);const p=e.init;e.runtime??=b(u),p.proxy.assets&&w(p.proxy.assets),e.runtime.configured||(Object.defineProperty(e,"beacons",{get:()=>[e.info.beacon,e.info.errorBeacon,e.init.proxy.assets,e.init.proxy.beacon].filter(Boolean)}),Object.defineProperty(e.runtime,"denyList",{get:()=>[...e.init.ajax.deny_list||[],...e.init.ajax.block_internal?e.beacons:[]]}),e.runtime.ptid=e.agentIdentifier,function(e){const t=(0,n.pV)();Object.getOwnPropertyNames(i.W.prototype).forEach(r=>{const n=i.W.prototype[r];if("function"!=typeof n||"constructor"===n)return;let s=t[r];e[r]&&!1!==e.exposed&&"micro-agent"!==e.runtime?.loaderType&&(t[r]=(...t)=>{const n=e[r](...t);return s?s(...t):n})})}(e),e.runtime.loaderType=r,e.ee=R.ee.get(e.agentIdentifier),e.exposed=l,(0,E.W)({drained:!!e.runtime.activatedFeatures,type:"lifecycle",name:"initialize",feature:void 0,data:e.config}),e.runtime.configured=!0)}},5270:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Aw:()=>o,SR:()=>s,rF:()=>a});var n=r(384),i=r(7767);function s(e){return!!(0,n.dV)().o.MO&&(0,i.V)(e)&&!0===e?.session_trace.enabled}function o(e){return!0===e?.session_replay.preload&&s(e)}function a(e,t){try{if("string"==typeof t?.type){if("password"===t.type.toLowerCase())return"*".repeat(e?.length||0);if(void 0!==t?.dataset?.nrUnmask||t?.classList?.contains("nr-unmask"))return e}}catch(e){}return"string"==typeof e?e.replace(/[\S]/g,"*"):"*".repeat(e?.length||0)}},5289:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{GG:()=>o,Qr:()=>c,sB:()=>a});var n=r(3878),i=r(6389);function s(){return"undefined"==typeof document||"complete"===document.readyState}function o(e,t){if(s())return e();const r=(0,i.J)(e),o=setInterval(()=>{s()&&(clearInterval(o),r())},500);(0,n.sp)("load",r,t)}function a(e){if(s())return e();(0,n.DD)("DOMContentLoaded",e)}function c(e){if(s())return e();(0,n.sp)("popstate",e)}},5607:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{W:()=>n});const n=(0,r(9566).bz)()},5732:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{$5:()=>d,B5:()=>c,Ux:()=>o,YA:()=>a,fQ:()=>i,yx:()=>s});var n=r(7508);const i={MFE:"MFE",BA:"BA"};function s(e,t){if(!e||!t?.init.api.register.enabled)return[];const r=t.runtime.registeredEntities;return r?.filter(t=>t.metadata.timings?.asset?.endsWith(e)).map(e=>e.metadata.target)||[]}function o(e,t){if(!u(t))return{};const r=t.agentRef.runtime.appMetadata.agents[0].entityGuid;return e?e.attributes:{"entity.guid":r,appId:t.agentRef.info.applicationID}}function a(e,t){return c(e,t)?{"child.id":e.id,"child.type":e.type,...o(void 0,t)}:{}}function c(e,t){return!!e&&!!u(t)&&t.agentRef.init.api.register.duplicate_data_to_container}function d(e){if(!e?.init.api.register.enabled)return[void 0];const t=[];try{var r=(0,n.AZ)((0,n.QL)());let i=r.length-1;for(;r[i];)t.push(...s(r[i--],e))}catch(e){}return t.length||t.push(void 0),t}function u(e){return 2===e?.harvestEndpointVersion}},6154:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{OF:()=>d,RI:()=>i,WN:()=>f,bv:()=>s,gm:()=>o,lR:()=>l,m:()=>c,mw:()=>a,sb:()=>u,zk:()=>h});var n=r(1863);const i="undefined"!=typeof window&&!!window.document,s="undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis.navigator instanceof WorkerNavigator),o=i?window:"undefined"!=typeof WorkerGlobalScope&&("undefined"!=typeof self&&self instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&self||"undefined"!=typeof globalThis&&globalThis instanceof WorkerGlobalScope&&globalThis),a=Boolean("hidden"===o?.document?.visibilityState),c=""+o?.location,d=/iPad|iPhone|iPod/.test(o.navigator?.userAgent),u=d&&"undefined"==typeof SharedWorker,l=(()=>{const e=o.navigator?.userAgent?.match(/Firefox[/\s](\d+\.\d+)/);return Array.isArray(e)&&e.length>=2?+e[1]:0})(),f=Date.now()-(0,n.t)(),h=()=>{const e=o?.performance?.getEntriesByType?.("navigation")?.[0];if(e&&e.responseStart>0&&e.responseStart<o.performance.now())return e}},6344:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{BB:()=>u,Qb:()=>l,TZ:()=>i,Ug:()=>o,Vh:()=>s,_s:()=>a,bc:()=>d,yP:()=>c});var n=r(2614);const i=r(860).K7.sessionReplay,s="errorDuringReplay",o=.12,a={DomContentLoaded:0,Load:1,FullSnapshot:2,IncrementalSnapshot:3,Meta:4,Custom:5},c={[n.g.ERROR]:15e3,[n.g.FULL]:3e5,[n.g.OFF]:0},d={RESET:{message:"Session was reset",sm:"Reset"},IMPORT:{message:"Recorder failed to import",sm:"Import"},TOO_MANY:{message:"429: Too Many Requests",sm:"Too-Many"},TOO_BIG:{message:"Payload was too large",sm:"Too-Big"},CROSS_TAB:{message:"Session Entity was set to OFF on another tab",sm:"Cross-Tab"},ENTITLEMENTS:{message:"Session Replay is not allowed and will not be started",sm:"Entitlement"}},u=5e3,l={API:"api",RESUME:"resume",SWITCH_TO_FULL:"switchToFull",INITIALIZE:"initialize",PRELOAD:"preload"}},6389:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";function n(e,t=500,r={}){const n=r?.leading||!1;let i;return(...r)=>{n&&void 0===i&&(e.apply(this,r),i=setTimeout(()=>{i=clearTimeout(i)},t)),n||(clearTimeout(i),i=setTimeout(()=>{e.apply(this,r)},t))}}function i(e){let t=!1;return(...r)=>{t||(t=!0,e.apply(this,r))}}r.d(t,{J:()=>i,s:()=>n})},6630:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.pageViewEvent},6774:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.jserrors},7295:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Xv:()=>o,gX:()=>i,iW:()=>s});var n=[];function i(e){if(!e||s(e))return!1;if(0===n.length)return!0;if("*"===n[0].hostname)return!1;for(var t=0;t<n.length;t++){var r=n[t];if(r.hostname.test(e.hostname)&&r.pathname.test(e.pathname))return!1}return!0}function s(e){return void 0===e.hostname}function o(e){if(n=[],e&&e.length)for(var t=0;t<e.length;t++){let r=e[t];if(!r)continue;if("*"===r)return void(n=[{hostname:"*"}]);0===r.indexOf("http://")?r=r.substring(7):0===r.indexOf("https://")&&(r=r.substring(8));const i=r.indexOf("/");let s,o;i>0?(s=r.substring(0,i),o=r.substring(i)):(s=r,o="*");let[c]=s.split(":");n.push({hostname:a(c),pathname:a(o,!0)})}}function a(e,t=!1){const r=e.replace(/[.+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g,e=>"\\"+e).replace(/\*/g,".*?");return new RegExp((t?"^":"")+r+"$")}},7485:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{D:()=>i});var n=r(6154);function i(e){if(0===(e||"").indexOf("data:"))return{protocol:"data"};try{const t=new URL(e,location.href),r={port:t.port,hostname:t.hostname,pathname:t.pathname,search:t.search,protocol:t.protocol.slice(0,t.protocol.indexOf(":")),sameOrigin:t.protocol===n.gm?.location?.protocol&&t.host===n.gm?.location?.host};return r.port&&""!==r.port||("http:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="80"),"https:"===t.protocol&&(r.port="443")),r.pathname&&""!==r.pathname?r.pathname.startsWith("/")||(r.pathname="/".concat(r.pathname)):r.pathname="/",r}catch(e){return{}}}},7508:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AZ:()=>g,Qr:()=>b,QL:()=>m});var n=r(6154),i=r(1863),s=r(9119),o=r(7866);class a{dom=new c;performance=new c;constructor(e){this.url=e}get script(){const e=Math.max(this.dom.start,this.performance.end);return{start:e,end:Math.max(this.dom.end,this.performance.end,e)}}}class c{start=0;end=0;value=void 0}let d;try{d=g(m())[0]}catch(e){d=g(e)[0]}const u=e=>"script"===e.initiatorType||["link","fetch"].includes(e.initiatorType)&&e.name.endsWith(".js"),l=new Map;let f=[];function h(e){return l.get(e)}function p(e){const t=h(e);if(t)return t;const r=new a(e);if(l.set(e,r),l.size>1e3){const e=l.keys().next().value;l.delete(e)}return r}if(n.gm.MutationObserver&&n.gm.document){new MutationObserver(e=>{e.forEach(e=>{e.addedNodes.forEach(e=>{if("SCRIPT"===e.nodeName&&e.src){const t=p((0,s.L)(e.src));t.dom.start=(0,i.t)(),t.dom.value=e;const r=()=>{t.dom.end=(0,i.t)()};["load","error"].forEach(t=>e.addEventListener(t,r,{once:!0}))}})})}).observe(n.gm.document,{childList:!0,subtree:!0})}if(n.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource")){new PerformanceObserver(e=>{e.getEntries().filter(u).forEach(e=>{const t=p((0,s.L)(e.name));t.performance.start=Math.floor(e.startTime),t.performance.end=Math.floor(e.responseEnd),t.performance.value=e;const r=[];f.forEach(({test:t,addedAt:n},s)=>{(t(e)||(0,i.t)()-n>1e4)&&r.push(s)}),f=f.filter((e,t)=>!r.includes(t))})}).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}function g(e){if(!e||"string"!=typeof e)return[];const t=new Set,r=e.split("\n");for(const e of r){const r=e.match(o.cn)||e.match(o.hB)||e.match(o.fL);if(r&&r[2])t.add((0,s.L)(r[2]));else{const r=e.match(/\(([^)]+\.js):\d+:\d+\)/)||e.match(/^\s+at\s+([^\s(]+\.js):\d+:\d+/);r&&r[1]&&t.add((0,s.L)(r[1]))}}return[...t]}function m(){let e;try{const t=Error.stackTraceLimit;Error.stackTraceLimit=50,e=(new Error).stack,Error.stackTraceLimit=t}catch(t){e=(new Error).stack}return e}function v(e,t){return(0,s.L)(e.name)===t}function y(e,t){e.fetchStart=Math.floor(t.startTime),e.fetchEnd=Math.floor(t.responseEnd),e.asset=t.name,e.type=t.initiatorType}function b(){const e={registeredAt:(0,i.t)(),reportedAt:void 0,fetchStart:0,fetchEnd:0,scriptStart:0,scriptEnd:0,asset:void 0,type:"unknown"},t=m();if(!t)return e;const r=n.gm.performance?.getEntriesByType("navigation")?.[0]?.name||"";try{const o=g(t),a=(o.length>1?o.filter(e=>d!==e):o)[0];if(!a)return e;if(r.includes(a))return e.asset=(0,s.L)(r),e.type="inline",e;e.correlation=h(a);const c=e.correlation?.performance.value||performance.getEntriesByType("resource").find(e=>v(e,a));c?y(e,c):function(e){if(!e||!n.gm.document)return!1;try{const t=n.gm.document.querySelectorAll('link[rel="preload"][as="script"]');for(const r of t)if((0,s.L)(r.href)===e)return!0}catch(e){}return!1}(a)&&(e.asset=a,e.type="preload",f.push({addedAt:(0,i.t)(),test:t=>!!v(t,a)&&(y(e,t),!0)})),Object.defineProperty(e,"scriptStart",{get:()=>e.correlation?.script.start||e.fetchEnd}),Object.defineProperty(e,"scriptEnd",{get:()=>e.correlation?.script.end||e.registeredAt})}catch(e){}return e}},7699:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{It:()=>s,KC:()=>a,No:()=>i,qh:()=>o});var n=r(860);const i=16e3,s=1e6,o="SESSION_ERROR",a={[n.K7.logging]:!0,[n.K7.genericEvents]:!0,[n.K7.jserrors]:!0,[n.K7.ajax]:!0}},7767:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{V:()=>i});var n=r(6154);const i=e=>n.RI&&!0===e?.privacy.cookies_enabled},7836:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{P:()=>a,ee:()=>c});var n=r(384),i=r(8990),s=r(2646),o=r(5607);const a="nr@context:".concat(o.W),c=function e(t,r){var n={},o={},u={},l=!1;try{l=16===r.length&&d.initializedAgents?.[r]?.runtime.isolatedBacklog}catch(e){}var f={on:p,addEventListener:p,removeEventListener:function(e,t){var r=n[e];if(!r)return;for(var i=0;i<r.length;i++)r[i]===t&&r.splice(i,1)},emit:function(e,r,n,i,s){!1!==s&&(s=!0);if(c.aborted&&!i)return;t&&s&&t.emit(e,r,n);var a=h(n);g(e).forEach(e=>{e.apply(a,r)});var d=v()[o[e]];d&&d.push([f,e,r,a]);return a},get:m,listeners:g,context:h,buffer:function(e,t){const r=v();if(t=t||"feature",f.aborted)return;Object.entries(e||{}).forEach(([e,n])=>{o[n]=t,t in r||(r[t]=[])})},abort:function(){f._aborted=!0,Object.keys(f.backlog).forEach(e=>{delete f.backlog[e]})},isBuffering:function(e){return!!v()[o[e]]},debugId:r,backlog:l?{}:t&&"object"==typeof t.backlog?t.backlog:{},isolatedBacklog:l};return Object.defineProperty(f,"aborted",{get:()=>{let e=f._aborted||!1;return e||(t&&(e=t.aborted),e)}}),f;function h(e){return e&&e instanceof s.y?e:e?(0,i.I)(e,a,()=>new s.y(a)):new s.y(a)}function p(e,t){n[e]=g(e).concat(t)}function g(e){return n[e]||[]}function m(t){return u[t]=u[t]||e(f,t)}function v(){return f.backlog}}(void 0,"globalEE"),d=(0,n.Zm)();d.ee||(d.ee=c)},7866:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{Nc:()=>s,cn:()=>a,fL:()=>i,h3:()=>n,hB:()=>o});const n=/function (.+?)\s*\(/,i=/^\s*at .+ \(eval at \S+ \((?:(?:file|http|https):[^)]+)?\)(?:, [^:]*:\d+:\d+)?\)$/i,s=/^\s*at Function code \(Function code:\d+:\d+\)\s*/i,o=/^\s*at (?:((?:\[object object\])?(?:[^(]*\([^)]*\))*[^()]*(?: \[as \S+\])?) )?\(?((?:file|http|https|chrome-extension):.*?)?:(\d+)(?::(\d+))?\)?\s*$/i,a=/^\s*(?:([^@]*)(?:\(.*?\))?@)?((?:file|http|https|chrome|safari-extension).*?):(\d+)(?::(\d+))?\s*$/i},8122:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{a:()=>i});var n=r(944);function i(e,t){try{if(!e||"object"!=typeof e)return(0,n.R)(3);if(!t||"object"!=typeof t)return(0,n.R)(4);const r=Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(t),Object.getOwnPropertyDescriptors(t)),s=0===Object.keys(r).length?e:r;for(let o in s)if(void 0!==e[o])try{if(null===e[o]){r[o]=null;continue}Array.isArray(e[o])&&Array.isArray(t[o])?r[o]=Array.from(new Set([...e[o],...t[o]])):e[o]instanceof Map||e[o]instanceof Set||e[o]instanceof Date||e[o]instanceof RegExp?r[o]=e[o]:"object"==typeof e[o]&&"object"==typeof t[o]?r[o]=i(e[o],t[o]):r[o]=e[o]}catch(e){r[o]||(0,n.R)(1,e)}return r}catch(e){(0,n.R)(2,e)}}},8139:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{u:()=>f});var n=r(7836),i=r(3434),s=r(8990),o=r(6154);const a={},c=o.gm.XMLHttpRequest,d="addEventListener",u="removeEventListener",l="nr@wrapped:".concat(n.P);function f(e){var t=function(e){return(e||n.ee).get("events")}(e);if(a[t.debugId]++)return t;a[t.debugId]=1;var r=(0,i.YM)(t,!0);function f(e){r.inPlace(e,[d,u],"-",p)}function p(e,t){return e[1]}return"getPrototypeOf"in Object&&(o.RI&&h(document,f),c&&h(c.prototype,f),h(o.gm,f)),t.on(d+"-start",function(e,t){var n=e[1];if(null!==n&&("function"==typeof n||"object"==typeof n)&&"newrelic"!==e[0]){var i=(0,s.I)(n,l,function(){var e={object:function(){if("function"!=typeof n.handleEvent)return;return n.handleEvent.apply(n,arguments)},function:n}[typeof n];return e?r(e,"fn-",null,e.name||"anonymous"):n});this.wrapped=e[1]=i}}),t.on(u+"-start",function(e){e[1]=this.wrapped||e[1]}),t}function h(e,t,...r){let n=e;for(;"object"==typeof n&&!Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(n,d);)n=Object.getPrototypeOf(n);n&&t(n,...r)}},8362:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>s});var n=r(9566),i=r(1741);class s extends i.W{agentIdentifier=(0,n.LA)(16)}},8374:(e,t,r)=>{r.nc=(()=>{try{return document?.currentScript?.nonce}catch(e){}return""})()},8990:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{I:()=>i});var n=Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;function i(e,t,r){if(n.call(e,t))return e[t];var i=r();if(Object.defineProperty&&Object.keys)try{return Object.defineProperty(e,t,{value:i,writable:!0,enumerable:!1}),i}catch(e){}return e[t]=i,i}},9119:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{L:()=>s});var n=/([^?#]*)[^#]*(#[^?]*|$).*/,i=/([^?#]*)().*/;function s(e,t){return e?e.replace(t?n:i,"$1$2"):e}},9300:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{T:()=>n});const n=r(860).K7.ajax},9324:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{AJ:()=>o,F3:()=>i,Xs:()=>s,Yq:()=>a,xv:()=>n});const n="1.313.1",i="PROD",s="CDN",o="@newrelic/rrweb",a="1.1.0"},9566:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{LA:()=>a,ZF:()=>c,bz:()=>o,el:()=>d});var n=r(6154);const i="xxxxxxxx-xxxx-4xxx-yxxx-xxxxxxxxxxxx";function s(e,t){return e?15&e[t]:16*Math.random()|0}function o(){const e=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let t,r=0;return e&&e.getRandomValues&&(t=e.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(30))),i.split("").map(e=>"x"===e?s(t,r++).toString(16):"y"===e?(3&s()|8).toString(16):e).join("")}function a(e){const t=n.gm?.crypto||n.gm?.msCrypto;let r,i=0;t&&t.getRandomValues&&(r=t.getRandomValues(new Uint8Array(e)));const o=[];for(var a=0;a<e;a++)o.push(s(r,i++).toString(16));return o.join("")}function c(){return a(16)}function d(){return a(32)}},9908:(e,t,r)=>{"use strict";r.d(t,{d:()=>n,p:()=>i});var n=r(7836).ee.get("handle");function i(e,t,r,i,s){s?(s.buffer([e],i),s.emit(e,t,r)):(n.buffer([e],i),n.emit(e,t,r))}}},n={};function i(e){var t=n[e];if(void 0!==t)return t.exports;var s=n[e]={exports:{}};return r[e](s,s.exports,i),s.exports}i.m=r,i.d=(e,t)=>{for(var r in t)i.o(t,r)&&!i.o(e,r)&&Object.defineProperty(e,r,{enumerable:!0,get:t[r]})},i.f={},i.e=e=>Promise.all(Object.keys(i.f).reduce((t,r)=>(i.f[r](e,t),t),[])),i.u=e=>({212:"nr-spa-compressor",249:"nr-spa-recorder",478:"nr-spa"}[e]+"-1.313.1.min.js"),i.o=(e,t)=>Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(e,t),e={},t="NRBA-1.313.1.PROD:",i.l=(r,n,s,o)=>{if(e[r])e[r].push(n);else{var a,c;if(void 0!==s)for(var d=document.getElementsByTagName("script"),u=0;u<d.length;u++){var l=d[u];if(l.getAttribute("src")==r||l.getAttribute("data-webpack")==t+s){a=l;break}}if(!a){c=!0;var f={478:"sha512-/9l9ZhNQoyI1Aj0GOsHHrbCo/rjGQPYuKrz+qTo7jMK0J2ZChW9rZIzC4rWZ3aDprAyy3ORdgy+LpBQTK97JQQ==",249:"sha512-a/Apw1AGPQLoLS3GcBGmuJMcF53T8GoREi+bouJiiUCw+tTH9GfJrNLU6xN83ClwBg3O+ZUMtOQ0j7kFOIs0Kg==",212:"sha512-2GhRYmZ19Tul2VVrSHZ5+Si0FDRyXu+4jsuNCPf+ui6g0gqwE3lgchmNA9bHOPs9IQ0gLUC1p48MDuV2lCGI2g=="};(a=document.createElement("script")).charset="utf-8",i.nc&&a.setAttribute("nonce",i.nc),a.setAttribute("data-webpack",t+s),a.src=r,0!==a.src.indexOf(window.location.origin+"/")&&(a.crossOrigin="anonymous"),f[o]&&(a.integrity=f[o])}e[r]=[n];var h=(t,n)=>{a.onerror=a.onload=null,clearTimeout(p);var i=e[r];if(delete e[r],a.parentNode&&a.parentNode.removeChild(a),i&&i.forEach(e=>e(n)),t)return t(n)},p=setTimeout(h.bind(null,void 0,{type:"timeout",target:a}),12e4);a.onerror=h.bind(null,a.onerror),a.onload=h.bind(null,a.onload),c&&document.head.appendChild(a)}},i.r=e=>{"undefined"!=typeof Symbol&&Symbol.toStringTag&&Object.defineProperty(e,Symbol.toStringTag,{value:"Module"}),Object.defineProperty(e,"__esModule",{value:!0})},i.p="https://js-agent.newrelic.com/",(()=>{var e={38:0,788:0};i.f.j=(t,r)=>{var n=i.o(e,t)?e[t]:void 0;if(0!==n)if(n)r.push(n[2]);else{var s=new Promise((r,i)=>n=e[t]=[r,i]);r.push(n[2]=s);var o=i.p+i.u(t),a=new Error;i.l(o,r=>{if(i.o(e,t)&&(0!==(n=e[t])&&(e[t]=void 0),n)){var s=r&&("load"===r.type?"missing":r.type),o=r&&r.target&&r.target.src;a.message="Loading chunk "+t+" failed: ("+s+": "+o+")",a.name="ChunkLoadError",a.type=s,a.request=o,n[1](a)}},"chunk-"+t,t)}};var t=(t,r)=>{var n,s,[o,a,c]=r,d=0;if(o.some(t=>0!==e[t])){for(n in a)i.o(a,n)&&(i.m[n]=a[n]);if(c)c(i)}for(t&&t(r);d<o.length;d++)s=o[d],i.o(e,s)&&e[s]&&e[s][0](),e[s]=0},r=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.313.1.PROD"]=self["webpackChunk:NRBA-1.313.1.PROD"]||[];r.forEach(t.bind(null,0)),r.push=t.bind(null,r.push.bind(r))})(),(()=>{"use strict";i(8374);var e=i(8362),t=i(860);const r=Object.values(t.K7);var n=i(5205);var s=i(9908),o=i(1863),a=i(4261),c=i(1738);var d=i(1687),u=i(4234),l=i(5289),f=i(6154),h=i(944),p=i(5270),g=i(7767),m=i(6389),v=i(7699);class y extends u.W{constructor(e,t){super(e,t),this.abortHandler=void 0,this.featAggregate=void 0,this.loadedSuccessfully=void 0,this.onAggregateImported=new Promise(e=>{this.loadedSuccessfully=e}),this.deferred=Promise.resolve(),!1===e.init[this.featureName].autoStart?this.deferred=new Promise((t,r)=>{this.ee.on("manual-start-all",(0,m.J)(()=>{(0,d.Ak)(e,this.featureName),t()}))}):(0,d.Ak)(e,t)}importAggregator(e,t,r={}){if(this.featAggregate)return;const n=async()=>{let n;await this.deferred;try{if((0,g.V)(e.init)){const{setupAgentSession:t}=await i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,8766));n=t(e)}}catch(e){(0,h.R)(20,e),this.ee.emit("internal-error",[e]),(0,s.p)(v.qh,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}try{if(!this.#t(this.featureName,n,e.init))return(0,d.Ze)(this.agentRef,this.featureName),void this.loadedSuccessfully(!1);const{Aggregate:i}=await t();this.featAggregate=new i(e,r),e.runtime.harvester.initializedAggregates.push(this.featAggregate),this.loadedSuccessfully(!0)}catch(e){(0,h.R)(34,e),this.abortHandler?.(),(0,d.Ze)(this.agentRef,this.featureName,!0),this.loadedSuccessfully(!1),this.ee&&this.ee.abort()}};f.RI?(0,l.GG)(()=>n(),!0):n()}#t(e,r,n){if(this.blocked)return!1;switch(e){case t.K7.sessionReplay:return(0,p.SR)(n)&&!!r;case t.K7.sessionTrace:return!!r;default:return!0}}}var b=i(6630),w=i(2614),R=i(3241);class E extends y{static featureName=b.T;constructor(e){var t;super(e,b.T),this.setupInspectionEvents(),t=e,(0,c.Y)(a.Fw,function(e,r){"string"==typeof e&&("/"!==e.charAt(0)&&(e="/"+e),t.runtime.customTransaction=(r||"http://custom.transaction")+e,(0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.Fw,[(0,o.t)()],void 0,void 0,t.ee))},t),this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,5839)))}setupInspectionEvents(){const e=(e,t)=>{e&&(0,R.W)({timeStamp:e.timeStamp,loaded:"complete"===e.target.readyState,type:"window",name:t,data:e.target.location+""})};(0,l.sB)(t=>{e(t,"DOMContentLoaded")}),(0,l.GG)(t=>{e(t,"load")}),(0,l.Qr)(t=>{e(t,"navigate")}),this.ee.on(w.tS.UPDATE,(e,t)=>{(0,R.W)({type:"lifecycle",name:"session",data:t})})}}var T=i(384);class A extends e.d{constructor(e){var t;(super(),f.gm)?(this.features={},(0,T.bQ)(this.agentIdentifier,this),this.desiredFeatures=new Set(e.features||[]),this.desiredFeatures.add(E),(0,n.j)(this,e,e.loaderType||"agent"),t=this,(0,c.Y)(a.cD,function(e,r,n=!1){if("string"==typeof e){if(["string","number","boolean"].includes(typeof r)||null===r)return(0,c.U)(t,e,r,a.cD,n);(0,h.R)(40,typeof r)}else(0,h.R)(39,typeof e)},t),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.Dl,function(t,r=!1){if("string"!=typeof t&&null!==t)return void(0,h.R)(41,typeof t);const n=e.info.jsAttributes["enduser.id"];r&&null!=n&&n!==t?(0,s.p)(a.Pl+"setUserIdAndResetSession",[t],void 0,"session",e.ee):(0,c.U)(e,"enduser.id",t,a.Dl,!0)},e)}(this),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.nb,function(t){if("string"==typeof t||null===t)return(0,c.U)(e,"application.version",t,a.nb,!1);(0,h.R)(42,typeof t)},e)}(this),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.d3,function(){e.ee.emit("manual-start-all")},e)}(this),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.Pv,function(t=!0){if("boolean"==typeof t){if((0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.Pv,[t],void 0,"session",e.ee),e.runtime.consented=t,t){const t=e.features.page_view_event;t.onAggregateImported.then(e=>{const r=t.featAggregate;e&&!r.sentRum&&r.sendRum()})}}else(0,h.R)(65,typeof t)},e)}(this),this.run()):(0,h.R)(21)}get config(){return{info:this.info,init:this.init,loader_config:this.loader_config,runtime:this.runtime}}get api(){return this}run(){try{const e=function(e){const t={};return r.forEach(r=>{t[r]=!!e[r]?.enabled}),t}(this.init),n=[...this.desiredFeatures];n.sort((e,r)=>t.P3[e.featureName]-t.P3[r.featureName]),n.forEach(r=>{if(!e[r.featureName]&&r.featureName!==t.K7.pageViewEvent)return;const n=function(e){switch(e){case t.K7.ajax:return[t.K7.jserrors];case t.K7.sessionTrace:return[t.K7.ajax,t.K7.pageViewEvent];case t.K7.sessionReplay:return[t.K7.sessionTrace];case t.K7.pageViewTiming:return[t.K7.pageViewEvent];default:return[]}}(r.featureName).filter(e=>!(e in this.features));n.length>0&&(0,h.R)(36,{targetFeature:r.featureName,missingDependencies:n}),this.features[r.featureName]=new r(this)})}catch(e){(0,h.R)(22,e);for(const e in this.features)this.features[e].abortHandler?.();const t=(0,T.Zm)();delete t.initializedAgents[this.agentIdentifier]?.features,delete this.sharedAggregator;return t.ee.get(this.agentIdentifier).abort(),!1}}}var x=i(2843),S=i(782);class _ extends y{static featureName=S.T;constructor(e){super(e,S.T),f.RI&&((0,x.u)(()=>(0,s.p)("docHidden",[(0,o.t)()],void 0,S.T,this.ee),!0),(0,x.G)(()=>(0,s.p)("winPagehide",[(0,o.t)()],void 0,S.T,this.ee)),this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9917))))}}var O=i(3969);class P extends y{static featureName=O.TZ;constructor(e){super(e,O.TZ),this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6555)))}}var k=i(6774),N=i(3878),j=i(3304);class D{constructor(e,t,r,n,i){this.name="UncaughtError",this.message="string"==typeof e?e:(0,j.A)(e),this.sourceURL=t,this.line=r,this.column=n,this.__newrelic=i}}function C(e){return M(e)?e:new D(void 0!==e?.message?e.message:e,e?.filename||e?.sourceURL,e?.lineno||e?.line,e?.colno||e?.col,e?.__newrelic,e?.cause)}function L(e){const t="Unhandled Promise Rejection: ";if(!e?.reason)return;if(M(e.reason)){try{e.reason.message.startsWith(t)||(e.reason.message=t+e.reason.message)}catch(e){}return C(e.reason)}const r=C(e.reason);return(r.message||"").startsWith(t)||(r.message=t+r.message),r}function I(e){if(e.error instanceof SyntaxError&&!/:\d+$/.test(e.error.stack?.trim())){const t=new D(e.message,e.filename,e.lineno,e.colno,e.error.__newrelic,e.cause);return t.name=SyntaxError.name,t}return M(e.error)?e.error:C(e)}function M(e){return e instanceof Error&&!!e.stack}function B(e,r,n,i,a=(0,o.t)()){"string"==typeof e&&(e=new Error(e)),(0,s.p)("err",[e,a,!1,r,n.runtime.isRecording,void 0,i],void 0,t.K7.jserrors,n.ee),(0,s.p)("uaErr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}var H=i(5732),K=i(993),W=i(3785);function F(e,{customAttributes:t={},level:r=K.p_.INFO}={},n,i,s=(0,o.t)()){(0,W.R)(n.ee,e,t,r,!1,i,s)}function U(e,r,n,i,c=(0,o.t)()){(0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.hG,[c,e,r,i],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}function V(e,r,n,i,c=(0,o.t)()){const{start:d,end:u,customAttributes:l}=r||{},f={customAttributes:l||{}};if("object"!=typeof f.customAttributes||"string"!=typeof e||0===e.length)return void(0,h.R)(57);const p=(e,t)=>null==e?t:"number"==typeof e?e:e instanceof PerformanceMark?e.startTime:Number.NaN;if(f.start=p(d,0),f.end=p(u,c),Number.isNaN(f.start)||Number.isNaN(f.end))(0,h.R)(57);else{if(f.duration=f.end-f.start,!(f.duration<0))return(0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.V1,[f,e,i],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee),f;(0,h.R)(58)}}function z(e,r={},n,i,c=(0,o.t)()){(0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.fF,[c,e,r,i],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,n.ee)}var G=i(7508),Y=i(9566);const Z=["name","id","type"],q=new Map([[U,"addPageAction"],[F,"log"],[V,"measure"],[B,"noticeError"],[z,"recordCustomEvent"]]),X={experimental:(0,m.J)(()=>(0,h.R)(54,"newrelic.register")),disabled:(0,m.J)(()=>(0,h.R)(55)),invalidTarget:(0,m.J)(e=>(0,h.R)(48,e)),deregistered:(0,m.J)(()=>(0,h.R)(68))};function Q(e){(0,c.Y)(a.eY,function(t){return J(e,t)},e)}function J(e,r){X.experimental(),r||={},r.instance=(0,Y.LA)(8),r.type=H.fQ.MFE,r.licenseKey||=e.info.licenseKey,r.blocked=!1,("object"!=typeof r.tags||null===r.tags||Array.isArray(r.tags))&&(r.tags={}),r.parent??={get id(){return e.runtime.appMetadata.agents[0].entityGuid},type:H.fQ.BA};const n=(0,G.Qr)(),i={};Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call(r,"attributes")||Object.defineProperty(r,"attributes",{get:()=>({...i,"source.id":r.id,"source.name":r.name,"source.type":r.type,"parent.type":r.parent?.type||H.fQ.BA,"parent.id":r.parent?.id})}),Object.entries(r.tags).forEach(([e,t])=>{Z.includes(e)||(i["source.".concat(e)]=t)});let a=()=>{};const c=e.runtime.registeredEntities,d=e=>{r.blocked=!0,a=e};function u(e){return"string"==typeof e&&!!e.trim()&&e.trim().length<501}e.init.api.register.enabled||d(X.disabled),u(r.id)&&u(r.name)||d(()=>X.invalidTarget(r));const l={addPageAction:(t,n={})=>m(U,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),deregister:()=>{p(),d(X.deregistered)},log:(t,n={})=>m(F,[t,{...n,customAttributes:{...i,...n.customAttributes||{}}},e],r),measure:(t,n={})=>m(V,[t,{...n,customAttributes:{...i,...n.customAttributes||{}}},e],r),noticeError:(t,n={})=>m(B,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),recordCustomEvent:(t,n={})=>m(z,[t,{...i,...n},e],r),setApplicationVersion:e=>g("application.version",e),setCustomAttribute:(e,t)=>g(e,t),setUserId:e=>g("enduser.id",e),metadata:{get customAttributes(){return i},target:r,timings:n}},f=()=>(r.blocked&&a(),r.blocked);function p(){if(n.reportedAt)return;n.reportedAt=(0,o.t)();const e=n.fetchEnd-n.fetchStart,t=n.scriptEnd-n.scriptStart;l.recordCustomEvent("MicroFrontEndTiming",{assetUrl:n.asset,assetType:n.type,timeAlive:n.reportedAt-n.registeredAt,timeToBeRequested:n.fetchStart,timeToExecute:t,timeToFetch:e,timeToLoad:e+t,timeToRegister:n.registeredAt})}f()||(c.push(l),(0,x.G)(p));const g=(e,t)=>{f()||(i[e]=t)},m=(r,n,i)=>{if(f()&&r!==J)return;const a=(0,o.t)(),c=q.get(r)||"unknown";(0,s.p)(O.xV,["API/register/".concat(c,"/called")],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee);try{return r(...n,i,a)}catch(e){(0,h.R)(50,e)}};return l}class ee extends y{static featureName=k.T;constructor(e){var t;super(e,k.T),t=e,(0,c.Y)(a.o5,(e,r)=>B(e,r,t),t),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.bt,function(t){e.runtime.onerror=t},e)}(e),function(e){let t=0;(0,c.Y)(a.k6,function(e,r){++t>10||(this.runtime.releaseIds[e.slice(-200)]=(""+r).slice(-200))},e)}(e),Q(e);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}this.ee.on("internal-error",(t,r)=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,s.p)("ierr",[C(t),(0,o.t)(),!0,{},e.runtime.isRecording,r],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)}),f.gm.addEventListener("unhandledrejection",t=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,s.p)("err",[L(t),(0,o.t)(),!1,{unhandledPromiseRejection:1},e.runtime.isRecording],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},(0,N.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),f.gm.addEventListener("error",t=>{this.abortHandler&&(0,s.p)("err",[I(t),(0,o.t)(),!1,{},e.runtime.isRecording],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},(0,N.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)),this.abortHandler=this.#r,this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,9377)))}#r(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0}}var te=i(8990);let re=1;function ne(e){const t=typeof e;return!e||"object"!==t&&"function"!==t?-1:e===f.gm?0:(0,te.I)(e,"nr@id",function(){return re++})}function ie(e){if("string"==typeof e&&e.length)return e.length;if("object"==typeof e){if("undefined"!=typeof ArrayBuffer&&e instanceof ArrayBuffer&&e.byteLength)return e.byteLength;if("undefined"!=typeof Blob&&e instanceof Blob&&e.size)return e.size;if(!("undefined"!=typeof FormData&&e instanceof FormData))try{return(0,j.A)(e).length}catch(e){return}}}var se=i(8139),oe=i(7836),ae=i(3434);const ce={},de=["open","send"];function ue(e,t){var r=e||oe.ee;const n=function(e){return(e||oe.ee).get("xhr")}(r);if(void 0===f.gm.XMLHttpRequest)return n;if(ce[n.debugId]++)return n;ce[n.debugId]=1,(0,se.u)(r);var i=(0,ae.YM)(n),s=f.gm.XMLHttpRequest,o=f.gm.MutationObserver,a=f.gm.Promise,c=f.gm.setInterval,d="readystatechange",u=["onload","onerror","onabort","onloadstart","onloadend","onprogress","ontimeout"],l=[],p=f.gm.XMLHttpRequest=function(e){const r=new s(e),o=n.context(r);o.targets=(0,H.$5)(t);try{n.emit("new-xhr",[r],o),r.addEventListener(d,(a=o,function(){var e=this;e.readyState>3&&!a.resolved&&(a.resolved=!0,n.emit("xhr-resolved",[],e)),i.inPlace(e,u,"fn-",w)}),(0,N.jT)(!1))}catch(e){(0,h.R)(15,e);try{n.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}var a;return r};function g(e,t){i.inPlace(t,["onreadystatechange"],"fn-",w)}if(function(e,t){for(var r in e)t[r]=e[r]}(s,p),p.prototype=s.prototype,i.inPlace(p.prototype,de,"-xhr-",w),n.on("send-xhr-start",function(e,t){g(e,t),function(e){l.push(e),o&&(m?m.then(b):c?c(b):(v=-v,y.data=v))}(t)}),n.on("open-xhr-start",g),o){var m=a&&a.resolve();if(!c&&!a){var v=1,y=document.createTextNode(v);new o(b).observe(y,{characterData:!0})}}else r.on("fn-end",function(e){e[0]&&e[0].type===d||b()});function b(){for(var e=0;e<l.length;e++)g(0,l[e]);l.length&&(l=[])}function w(e,t){return t}return n}var le="fetch-",fe=le+"body-",he=["arrayBuffer","blob","json","text","formData"],pe=f.gm.Request,ge=f.gm.Response,me="prototype";const ve={};function ye(e,t){const r=function(e){return(e||oe.ee).get("fetch")}(e);if(!(pe&&ge&&f.gm.fetch))return r;if(ve[r.debugId]++)return r;function n(e,n,i){var s=e[n];"function"==typeof s&&(e[n]=function(){var e=[...arguments];const n={},o=(0,H.$5)(t);var a;r.emit(i+"before-start",[e],n),n[oe.P]&&n[oe.P].dt&&(a=n[oe.P].dt);var c=s.apply(this,e);return r.emit(i+"start",[e,a],c),c.then(function(e){return r.emit(i+"end",[null,e,o],c),e},function(e){throw r.emit(i+"end",[e,void 0,o],c),e})})}return ve[r.debugId]=1,he.forEach(e=>{n(pe[me],e,fe),n(ge[me],e,fe)}),n(f.gm,"fetch",le),r.on(le+"end",function(e,t,n){var i=this;if(i.targets=n||[void 0],t){var s=t.headers.get("content-length");null!==s&&(i.rxSize=s),r.emit(le+"done",[null,t],i)}else r.emit(le+"done",[e],i)}),r}var be=i(7485);class we{constructor(e){this.agentRef=e}generateTracePayload(e){const t=this.agentRef.loader_config;if(!this.shouldGenerateTrace(e)||!t)return null;var r=(t.accountID||"").toString()||null,n=(t.agentID||"").toString()||null,i=(t.trustKey||"").toString()||null;if(!r||!n)return null;var s=(0,Y.ZF)(),o=(0,Y.el)(),a=Date.now(),c={spanId:s,traceId:o,timestamp:a};return(e.sameOrigin||this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useTraceContextHeadersForCors())&&(c.traceContextParentHeader=this.generateTraceContextParentHeader(s,o),c.traceContextStateHeader=this.generateTraceContextStateHeader(s,a,r,n,i)),(e.sameOrigin&&!this.excludeNewrelicHeader()||!e.sameOrigin&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)&&this.useNewrelicHeaderForCors())&&(c.newrelicHeader=this.generateTraceHeader(s,o,a,r,n,i)),c}generateTraceContextParentHeader(e,t){return"00-"+t+"-"+e+"-01"}generateTraceContextStateHeader(e,t,r,n,i){return i+"@nr=0-1-"+r+"-"+n+"-"+e+"----"+t}generateTraceHeader(e,t,r,n,i,s){if(!("function"==typeof f.gm?.btoa))return null;var o={v:[0,1],d:{ty:"Browser",ac:n,ap:i,id:e,tr:t,ti:r}};return s&&n!==s&&(o.d.tk=s),btoa((0,j.A)(o))}shouldGenerateTrace(e){return this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing?.enabled&&this.isAllowedOrigin(e)}isAllowedOrigin(e){var t=!1;const r=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;if(e.sameOrigin)t=!0;else if(r?.allowed_origins instanceof Array)for(var n=0;n<r.allowed_origins.length;n++){var i=(0,be.D)(r.allowed_origins[n]);if(e.hostname===i.hostname&&e.protocol===i.protocol&&e.port===i.port){t=!0;break}}return t}excludeNewrelicHeader(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!!e.exclude_newrelic_header}useNewrelicHeaderForCors(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!1!==e.cors_use_newrelic_header}useTraceContextHeadersForCors(){var e=this.agentRef.init?.distributed_tracing;return!!e&&!!e.cors_use_tracecontext_headers}}var Re=i(9300),Ee=i(7295);function Te(e){return"string"==typeof e?e:e instanceof(0,T.dV)().o.REQ?e.url:f.gm?.URL&&e instanceof URL?e.href:void 0}var Ae=["load","error","abort","timeout"],xe=Ae.length,Se=(0,T.dV)().o.REQ,_e=(0,T.dV)().o.XHR;const Oe="X-NewRelic-App-Data";class Pe extends y{static featureName=Re.T;constructor(e){super(e,Re.T),this.dt=new we(e),this.handler=(e,t,r,n)=>(0,s.p)(e,t,r,n,this.ee);try{const e={xmlhttprequest:"xhr",fetch:"fetch",beacon:"beacon"};f.gm?.performance?.getEntriesByType("resource").forEach(r=>{if(r.initiatorType in e&&0!==r.responseStatus){const n={status:r.responseStatus},i={rxSize:r.transferSize,duration:Math.floor(r.duration),cbTime:0};ke(n,r.name),this.handler("xhr",[n,i,r.startTime,r.responseEnd,e[r.initiatorType]],void 0,t.K7.ajax)}})}catch(e){}ye(this.ee,e),ue(this.ee,e),function(e,r,n,i){function a(e){var t=this;t.totalCbs=0,t.called=0,t.cbTime=0,t.end=T,t.ended=!1,t.xhrGuids={},t.lastSize=null,t.loadCaptureCalled=!1,t.params=this.params||{},t.metrics=this.metrics||{},t.latestLongtaskEnd=0,e.addEventListener("load",function(r){x(t,e)},(0,N.jT)(!1)),f.lR||e.addEventListener("progress",function(e){t.lastSize=e.loaded},(0,N.jT)(!1))}function c(e){this.params={method:e[0]},ke(this,e[1]),this.metrics={}}function d(t,r){e.loader_config.xpid&&this.sameOrigin&&r.setRequestHeader("X-NewRelic-ID",e.loader_config.xpid);var n=i.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n){var s=!1;n.newrelicHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("newrelic",n.newrelicHeader),s=!0),n.traceContextParentHeader&&(r.setRequestHeader("traceparent",n.traceContextParentHeader),n.traceContextStateHeader&&r.setRequestHeader("tracestate",n.traceContextStateHeader),s=!0),s&&(this.dt=n)}}function u(e,t){var n=this.metrics,i=e[0],s=this;if(n&&i){var a=ie(i);a&&(n.txSize=a)}this.startTime=(0,o.t)(),this.body=i,this.listener=function(e){try{"abort"!==e.type||s.loadCaptureCalled||(s.params.aborted=!0),("load"!==e.type||s.called===s.totalCbs&&(s.onloadCalled||"function"!=typeof t.onload)&&"function"==typeof s.end)&&s.end(t)}catch(e){try{r.emit("internal-error",[e])}catch(e){}}};for(var c=0;c<xe;c++)t.addEventListener(Ae[c],this.listener,(0,N.jT)(!1))}function l(e,t,r){this.cbTime+=e,t?this.onloadCalled=!0:this.called+=1,this.called!==this.totalCbs||!this.onloadCalled&&"function"==typeof r.onload||"function"!=typeof this.end||this.end(r)}function h(e,t){var r=""+ne(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&!this.xhrGuids[r]&&(this.xhrGuids[r]=!0,this.totalCbs+=1)}function p(e,t){var r=""+ne(e)+!!t;this.xhrGuids&&this.xhrGuids[r]&&(delete this.xhrGuids[r],this.totalCbs-=1)}function g(){this.endTime=(0,o.t)()}function m(e,t){t instanceof _e&&"load"===e[0]&&r.emit("xhr-load-added",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function v(e,t){t instanceof _e&&"load"===e[0]&&r.emit("xhr-load-removed",[e[1],e[2]],t)}function y(e,t,r){t instanceof _e&&("onload"===r&&(this.onload=!0),("load"===(e[0]&&e[0].type)||this.onload)&&(this.xhrCbStart=(0,o.t)()))}function b(e,t){this.xhrCbStart&&r.emit("xhr-cb-time",[(0,o.t)()-this.xhrCbStart,this.onload,t],t)}function w(e){var t,r=e[1]||{};if("string"==typeof e[0]?0===(t=e[0]).length&&f.RI&&(t=""+f.gm.location.href):e[0]&&e[0].url?t=e[0].url:f.gm?.URL&&e[0]&&e[0]instanceof URL?t=e[0].href:"function"==typeof e[0].toString&&(t=e[0].toString()),"string"==typeof t&&0!==t.length){t&&(this.parsedOrigin=(0,be.D)(t),this.sameOrigin=this.parsedOrigin.sameOrigin);var n=i.generateTracePayload(this.parsedOrigin);if(n&&(n.newrelicHeader||n.traceContextParentHeader))if(e[0]&&e[0].headers)a(e[0].headers,n)&&(this.dt=n);else{var s={};for(var o in r)s[o]=r[o];s.headers=new Headers(r.headers||{}),a(s.headers,n)&&(this.dt=n),e.length>1?e[1]=s:e.push(s)}}function a(e,t){var r=!1;return t.newrelicHeader&&(e.set("newrelic",t.newrelicHeader),r=!0),t.traceContextParentHeader&&(e.set("traceparent",t.traceContextParentHeader),t.traceContextStateHeader&&e.set("tracestate",t.traceContextStateHeader),r=!0),r}}function R(e,t){this.params={},this.metrics={},this.startTime=(0,o.t)(),this.dt=t;let[r,n={}]=e;ke(this,Te(r));const i=(""+(r&&r instanceof Se&&r.method||n.method||"GET")).toUpperCase();this.params.method=i,this.body=n.body,this.txSize=ie(n.body)||0}function E(e,t){if(this.endTime=(0,o.t)(),this.params||(this.params={}),(0,Ee.iW)(this.params))return;let r;this.params.status=t?t.status:0,"string"==typeof this.rxSize&&this.rxSize.length>0&&(r=+this.rxSize);const n={txSize:this.txSize,rxSize:r,duration:(0,o.t)()-this.startTime},i=[this.params,n,this.startTime,this.endTime,"fetch"];this.targets.forEach(e=>A(i,this,e))}function T(e){const t=this.params,r=this.metrics;if(this.ended)return;this.ended=!0;for(let t=0;t<xe;t++)e.removeEventListener(Ae[t],this.listener,!1);if(t.aborted)return;if((0,Ee.iW)(t))return;r.duration=(0,o.t)()-this.startTime,this.loadCaptureCalled||4!==e.readyState?null==t.status&&(t.status=0):x(this,e),r.cbTime=this.cbTime;const n=[t,r,this.startTime,this.endTime,"xhr"];this.targets.forEach(e=>A(n,this,e))}function A(e,r,i){n("xhr",[...e,i],r,t.K7.ajax)}function x(e,n){e.params.status=n.status;var i=function(e,t){var r=e.responseType;return"json"===r&&null!==t?t:"arraybuffer"===r||"blob"===r||"json"===r?ie(e.response):"text"===r||""===r||void 0===r?ie(e.responseText):void 0}(n,e.lastSize);if(i&&(e.metrics.rxSize=i),e.sameOrigin&&n.getAllResponseHeaders().indexOf(Oe)>=0){var o=n.getResponseHeader(Oe);o&&((0,s.p)(O.rs,["Ajax/CrossApplicationTracing/Header/Seen"],void 0,t.K7.metrics,r),e.params.cat=o.split(", ").pop())}e.loadCaptureCalled=!0}r.on("new-xhr",a),r.on("open-xhr-start",c),r.on("open-xhr-end",d),r.on("send-xhr-start",u),r.on("xhr-cb-time",l),r.on("xhr-load-added",h),r.on("xhr-load-removed",p),r.on("xhr-resolved",g),r.on("addEventListener-end",m),r.on("removeEventListener-end",v),r.on("fn-end",b),r.on("fetch-before-start",w),r.on("fetch-start",R),r.on("fn-start",y),r.on("fetch-done",E)}(e,this.ee,this.handler,this.dt),this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,3845)))}}function ke(e,t){var r=(0,be.D)(t),n=e.params||e;n.hostname=r.hostname,n.port=r.port,n.protocol=r.protocol,n.host=r.hostname+":"+r.port,n.pathname=r.pathname,e.parsedOrigin=r,e.sameOrigin=r.sameOrigin}const Ne={},je=["pushState","replaceState"];function De(e){const t=function(e){return(e||oe.ee).get("history")}(e);return!f.RI||Ne[t.debugId]++||(Ne[t.debugId]=1,(0,ae.YM)(t).inPlace(window.history,je,"-")),t}var Ce=i(3738);function Le(e){(0,c.Y)(a.BL,function(r=Date.now()){const n=r-f.WN;n<0&&(0,h.R)(62,r),(0,s.p)(O.XG,[a.BL,{time:n}],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee),e.addToTrace({name:a.BL,start:r,origin:"nr"}),(0,s.p)(a.Pl+a.hG,[n,a.BL],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,e.ee)},e)}const{He:Ie,bD:Me,d3:Be,Kp:He,TZ:Ke,Lc:We,uP:Fe,Rz:Ue}=Ce;class Ve extends y{static featureName=Ke;constructor(e){var r;super(e,Ke),r=e,(0,c.Y)(a.U2,function(e){if(!(e&&"object"==typeof e&&e.name&&e.start))return;const n={n:e.name,s:e.start-f.WN,e:(e.end||e.start)-f.WN,o:e.origin||"",t:"api"};n.s<0||n.e<0||n.e<n.s?(0,h.R)(61,{start:n.s,end:n.e}):(0,s.p)("bstApi",[n],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,r.ee)},r),Le(e);if(!(0,g.V)(e.init))return void this.deregisterDrain();const n=this.ee;let d;De(n),this.eventsEE=(0,se.u)(n),this.eventsEE.on(Fe,function(e,t){this.bstStart=(0,o.t)()}),this.eventsEE.on(We,function(e,r){(0,s.p)("bst",[e[0],r,this.bstStart,(0,o.t)()],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,n)}),n.on(Ue+Be,function(e){this.time=(0,o.t)(),this.startPath=location.pathname+location.hash}),n.on(Ue+He,function(e){(0,s.p)("bstHist",[location.pathname+location.hash,this.startPath,this.time],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,n)});try{d=new PerformanceObserver(e=>{const r=e.getEntries();(0,s.p)(Ie,[r],void 0,t.K7.sessionTrace,n)}),d.observe({type:Me,buffered:!0})}catch(e){}this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6974)),{resourceObserver:d})}}var ze=i(6344);class Ge extends y{static featureName=ze.TZ;#n;recorder;constructor(e){var r;let n;super(e,ze.TZ),r=e,(0,c.Y)(a.CH,function(){(0,s.p)(a.CH,[],void 0,t.K7.sessionReplay,r.ee)},r),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.Tb,function(){(0,s.p)(a.Tb,[],void 0,t.K7.sessionReplay,e.ee)},e)}(e);try{n=JSON.parse(localStorage.getItem("".concat(w.H3,"_").concat(w.uh)))}catch(e){}(0,p.SR)(e.init)&&this.ee.on(a.CH,()=>this.#i()),this.#s(n)&&this.importRecorder().then(e=>{e.startRecording(ze.Qb.PRELOAD,n?.sessionReplayMode)}),this.importAggregator(this.agentRef,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,6167)),this),this.ee.on("err",e=>{this.blocked||this.agentRef.runtime.isRecording&&(this.errorNoticed=!0,(0,s.p)(ze.Vh,[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee))})}#s(e){return e&&(e.sessionReplayMode===w.g.FULL||e.sessionReplayMode===w.g.ERROR)||(0,p.Aw)(this.agentRef.init)}importRecorder(){return this.recorder?Promise.resolve(this.recorder):(this.#n??=Promise.all([i.e(478),i.e(249)]).then(i.bind(i,4866)).then(({Recorder:e})=>(this.recorder=new e(this),this.recorder)).catch(e=>{throw this.ee.emit("internal-error",[e]),this.blocked=!0,e}),this.#n)}#i(){this.blocked||(this.featAggregate?this.featAggregate.mode!==w.g.FULL&&this.featAggregate.initializeRecording(w.g.FULL,!0,ze.Qb.API):this.importRecorder().then(()=>{this.recorder.startRecording(ze.Qb.API,w.g.FULL)}))}}var Ye=i(3962);class Ze extends y{static featureName=Ye.TZ;constructor(e){if(super(e,Ye.TZ),function(e){const r=e.ee.get("tracer");function n(){}(0,c.Y)(a.dT,function(e){return(new n).get("object"==typeof e?e:{})},e);const i=n.prototype={createTracer:function(n,i){var a={},c=this,d="function"==typeof i;return(0,s.p)(O.xV,["API/createTracer/called"],void 0,t.K7.metrics,e.ee),function(){if(r.emit((d?"":"no-")+"fn-start",[(0,o.t)(),c,d],a),d)try{return i.apply(this,arguments)}catch(e){const t="string"==typeof e?new Error(e):e;throw r.emit("fn-err",[arguments,this,t],a),t}finally{r.emit("fn-end",[(0,o.t)()],a)}}}};["actionText","setName","setAttribute","save","ignore","onEnd","getContext","end","get"].forEach(r=>{c.Y.apply(this,[r,function(){return(0,s.p)(a.hw+r,[performance.now(),...arguments],this,t.K7.softNav,e.ee),this},e,i])}),(0,c.Y)(a.PA,function(){(0,s.p)(a.hw+"routeName",[performance.now(),...arguments],void 0,t.K7.softNav,e.ee)},e)}(e),!f.RI||!(0,T.dV)().o.MO)return;const r=De(this.ee);try{this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController}catch(e){}Ye.tC.forEach(e=>{(0,N.sp)(e,e=>{l(e)},!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal)});const n=()=>(0,s.p)("newURL",[(0,o.t)(),""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee);r.on("pushState-end",n),r.on("replaceState-end",n),(0,N.sp)(Ye.OV,e=>{l(e),(0,s.p)("newURL",[e.timeStamp,""+window.location],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},!0,this.removeOnAbort?.signal);let d=!1;const u=new((0,T.dV)().o.MO)((e,t)=>{d||(d=!0,requestAnimationFrame(()=>{(0,s.p)("newDom",[(0,o.t)()],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),d=!1}))}),l=(0,m.s)(e=>{"loading"!==document.readyState&&((0,s.p)("newUIEvent",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),u.observe(document.body,{attributes:!0,childList:!0,subtree:!0,characterData:!0}))},100,{leading:!0});this.abortHandler=function(){this.removeOnAbort?.abort(),u.disconnect(),this.abortHandler=void 0},this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,4393)),{domObserver:u})}}var qe=i(3333),Xe=i(9119);const $e={},Qe=new Set;function Je(e){return"string"==typeof e?{type:"string",size:(new TextEncoder).encode(e).length}:e instanceof ArrayBuffer?{type:"ArrayBuffer",size:e.byteLength}:e instanceof Blob?{type:"Blob",size:e.size}:e instanceof DataView?{type:"DataView",size:e.byteLength}:ArrayBuffer.isView(e)?{type:"TypedArray",size:e.byteLength}:{type:"unknown",size:0}}class et{constructor(e,t){this.timestamp=(0,o.t)(),this.currentUrl=(0,Xe.L)(window.location.href),this.socketId=(0,Y.LA)(8),this.requestedUrl=(0,Xe.L)(e),this.requestedProtocols=Array.isArray(t)?t.join(","):t||"",this.openedAt=void 0,this.protocol=void 0,this.extensions=void 0,this.binaryType=void 0,this.messageOrigin=void 0,this.messageCount=0,this.messageBytes=0,this.messageBytesMin=0,this.messageBytesMax=0,this.messageTypes=void 0,this.sendCount=0,this.sendBytes=0,this.sendBytesMin=0,this.sendBytesMax=0,this.sendTypes=void 0,this.closedAt=void 0,this.closeCode=void 0,this.closeReason="unknown",this.closeWasClean=void 0,this.connectedDuration=0,this.hasErrors=void 0}}class tt extends y{static featureName=qe.TZ;constructor(e){super(e,qe.TZ);const r=e.init.feature_flags.includes("websockets"),n=!e.init.feature_flags.includes("no_spv"),d=[e.init.page_action.enabled,e.init.performance.capture_marks,e.init.performance.capture_measures,e.init.performance.resources.enabled,e.init.user_actions.enabled,r,n];var u;let l;if(u=e,(0,c.Y)(a.hG,(e,t)=>U(e,t,u),u),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.fF,(t,r)=>z(t,r,e),e)}(e),Le(e),Q(e),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.V1,(t,r)=>V(t,r,e),e)}(e),this.removeOnAbort=new AbortController,this.abortHandler=()=>{this.removeOnAbort.abort(),this.abortHandler=void 0},r){const h=function(e){if(!(0,T.dV)().o.WS)return e;const t=e.get("websockets");if($e[t.debugId]++)return t;$e[t.debugId]=1,(0,x.G)(()=>{const e=(0,o.t)();Qe.forEach(r=>{r.nrData.closedAt=e,r.nrData.closeCode=1001,r.nrData.closeReason="Page navigating away",r.nrData.closeWasClean=!1,r.nrData.openedAt&&(r.nrData.connectedDuration=e-r.nrData.openedAt),t.emit("ws",[r.nrData],r)})});class r extends WebSocket{static name="WebSocket";static toString(){return"function WebSocket() { [native code] }"}toString(){return"[object WebSocket]"}get[Symbol.toStringTag](){return r.name}#o(e){(e.__newrelic??={}).socketId=this.nrData.socketId,this.nrData.hasErrors??=!0}constructor(...e){super(...e),this.nrData=new et(e[0],e[1]),this.addEventListener("open",()=>{this.nrData.openedAt=(0,o.t)(),["protocol","extensions","binaryType"].forEach(e=>{this.nrData[e]=this[e]}),Qe.add(this)}),this.addEventListener("message",e=>{const{type:t,size:r}=Je(e.data);this.nrData.messageOrigin??=(0,Xe.L)(e.origin),this.nrData.messageCount++,this.nrData.messageBytes+=r,this.nrData.messageBytesMin=Math.min(this.nrData.messageBytesMin||1/0,r),this.nrData.messageBytesMax=Math.max(this.nrData.messageBytesMax,r),(this.nrData.messageTypes??"").includes(t)||(this.nrData.messageTypes=this.nrData.messageTypes?"".concat(this.nrData.messageTypes,",").concat(t):t)}),this.addEventListener("close",e=>{this.nrData.closedAt=(0,o.t)(),this.nrData.closeCode=e.code,e.reason&&(this.nrData.closeReason=e.reason),this.nrData.closeWasClean=e.wasClean,this.nrData.connectedDuration=this.nrData.closedAt-this.nrData.openedAt,Qe.delete(this),t.emit("ws",[this.nrData],this)})}addEventListener(e,t,...r){const n=this,i="function"==typeof t?function(...e){try{return t.apply(this,e)}catch(e){throw n.#o(e),e}}:t?.handleEvent?{handleEvent:function(...e){try{return t.handleEvent.apply(t,e)}catch(e){throw n.#o(e),e}}}:t;return super.addEventListener(e,i,...r)}send(e){if(this.readyState===WebSocket.OPEN){const{type:t,size:r}=Je(e);this.nrData.sendCount++,this.nrData.sendBytes+=r,this.nrData.sendBytesMin=Math.min(this.nrData.sendBytesMin||1/0,r),this.nrData.sendBytesMax=Math.max(this.nrData.sendBytesMax,r),(this.nrData.sendTypes??"").includes(t)||(this.nrData.sendTypes=this.nrData.sendTypes?"".concat(this.nrData.sendTypes,",").concat(t):t)}try{return super.send(e)}catch(e){throw this.#o(e),e}}close(...e){try{super.close(...e)}catch(e){throw this.#o(e),e}}}return f.gm.WebSocket=r,t}(this.ee);h.on("ws",e=>{(0,s.p)("ws-complete",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})}if(n&&f.gm.addEventListener("securitypolicyviolation",e=>{(0,s.p)("spv",[e],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,N.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),f.RI){if(ye(this.ee,e),ue(this.ee,e),l=De(this.ee),e.init.user_actions.enabled){function p(t){const r=(0,be.D)(t);return e.beacons.includes(r.hostname+":"+r.port)}function g(){l.emit("navChange")}qe.Zp.forEach(e=>(0,N.sp)(e,e=>(0,s.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee),!0)),qe.qN.forEach(e=>{const t=(0,m.s)(e=>{(0,s.p)("ua",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)},500,{leading:!0});(0,N.sp)(e,t)}),f.gm.addEventListener("error",()=>{(0,s.p)("uaErr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,N.jT)(!1,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),this.ee.on("open-xhr-start",(e,r)=>{p(e[1])||r.addEventListener("readystatechange",()=>{2===r.readyState&&(0,s.p)("uaXhr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)},(0,N.jT)(void 0,this.removeOnAbort.signal))}),this.ee.on("fetch-start",e=>{e.length>=1&&!p(Te(e[0]))&&(0,s.p)("uaXhr",[],void 0,t.K7.genericEvents,this.ee)}),l.on("pushState-end",g),l.on("replaceState-end",g),window.addEventListener("hashchange",g,(0,N.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort.signal)),window.addEventListener("popstate",g,(0,N.jT)(!0,this.removeOnAbort.signal))}if(e.init.performance.resources.enabled&&f.gm.PerformanceObserver?.supportedEntryTypes.includes("resource")){new PerformanceObserver(e=>{e.getEntries().forEach(e=>{(0,s.p)("browserPerformance.resource",[e],void 0,this.featureName,this.ee)})}).observe({type:"resource",buffered:!0})}}d.some(e=>e)?this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,8019))):this.deregisterDrain()}}var rt=i(2646);const nt=new Map;function it(e,t,r,n,i=!0,s){if("object"!=typeof t||!t||"string"!=typeof r||!r||"function"!=typeof t[r])return(0,h.R)(29);const o=function(e){return(e||oe.ee).get("logger")}(e),a=(0,ae.YM)(o,void 0,s),c=new rt.y(oe.P);c.level=n.level,c.customAttributes=n.customAttributes,c.autoCaptured=i;const d=t[r]?.[ae.Jt]||t[r];return nt.set(d,c),a.inPlace(t,[r],"wrap-logger-",()=>nt.get(d),void 0,!0),o}var st=i(1910);class ot extends y{static featureName=K.TZ;constructor(e){var t;super(e,K.TZ),t=e,(0,c.Y)(a.$9,(e,r)=>F(e,r,t),t),function(e){(0,c.Y)(a.Wb,(t,r,{customAttributes:n={},level:i=K.p_.INFO}={})=>{it(e.ee,t,r,{customAttributes:n,level:i},!1,e)},e)}(e),Q(e);const r=this.ee;["log","error","warn","info","debug","trace"].forEach(t=>{(0,st.i)(f.gm.console[t]),it(r,f.gm.console,t,{level:"log"===t?"info":t},void 0,e)}),this.ee.on("wrap-logger-end",function([e],t,n,i=[]){const{level:s,customAttributes:o,autoCaptured:a}=this;i.forEach(t=>{(0,W.R)(r,e,o,s,a,t)})}),this.importAggregator(e,()=>i.e(478).then(i.bind(i,5288)))}}new A({features:[Pe,E,_,Ve,Ge,P,ee,tt,ot,Ze],loaderType:"spa"})})()})();</script><script id="setting-artemis" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">window.artemis = window.artemis || { cmd: [] }</script><script type="application/ld+json" id="global-business-metadata" data-nscript="beforeInteractive">{"@context":"http://schema.org","@type":"NewsMediaOrganization","address":{"@type":"PostalAddress","addressCountry":"USA","addressLocality":"New York","addressRegion":"NY","postalCode":"10022","streetAddress":"731 Lexington Avenue"},"diversityPolicy":"https://www.bloomberg.com/diversity-inclusion","name":"Bloomberg","email":"inquiry1@bloomberg.net","legalName":"Bloomberg Finance L.P.","leiCode":"5493001KJTIIGC8Y1R12","telephone":"(212) 318-2000","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com","logo":"https://www.bloomberg.com/logo-bloomberg.svg","correctionsPolicy":"https://www.bloomberg.com/help/question/submit-feedback-news-coverage/","contactPoint":"https://www.bloomberg.com/tips/","brand":[{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg markets","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg technology","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg pursuits","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg politics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg opinion","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion","logo":"https://www.bloomberg.com/logo-bloomberg_opinion.svg"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg businessweek","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek","logo":"https://www.bloomberg.com/logo-bloomberg_businessweek.svg"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg green","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/green"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg equality","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/equality"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg citylab","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg crypto","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/crypto"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg industries","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/industries"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg economics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/economics"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg ai","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/ai"},{"@type":"Brand","name":"Bloomberg wealth","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/wealth"}]}</script><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/4c262869a0d7e518.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/4c262869a0d7e518.css" data-n-g=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/e347fa380f67d8e7.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/e347fa380f67d8e7.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/824a11f0e295079e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/824a11f0e295079e.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/57c59a1d7ddcf166.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/57c59a1d7ddcf166.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/7ba95b308d65dff6.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/7ba95b308d65dff6.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/a4489da041f1a6e9.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/a4489da041f1a6e9.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/c744d2d4725452c9.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/c744d2d4725452c9.css" data-n-p=""/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/294760cd7d0c08c2.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/294760cd7d0c08c2.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/e88050956e821242.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/e88050956e821242.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/38ba8aa7ce0d6ea9.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/38ba8aa7ce0d6ea9.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/bcdacc0c66cd9aea.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/bcdacc0c66cd9aea.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/133d76a7deda312f.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/133d76a7deda312f.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/53f7dae16ef99f4c.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/53f7dae16ef99f4c.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/4059697229351361.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/4059697229351361.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/c01186588551ab33.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/c01186588551ab33.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/042914498119d53e.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/042914498119d53e.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/7f63d2e74cf74038.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/7f63d2e74cf74038.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/1fd8b3160488468b.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/1fd8b3160488468b.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/b4c4dd5089b2eb70.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/b4c4dd5089b2eb70.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/467c0754426ff063.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/467c0754426ff063.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/6845e05ccc7399ff.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/6845e05ccc7399ff.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/1aaeaa02758c92f0.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/1aaeaa02758c92f0.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/ead2a0d698af6beb.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/ead2a0d698af6beb.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/94c4721db683c4a9.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/94c4721db683c4a9.css"/><link rel="preload" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/f737654821268d75.css" as="style"/><link rel="stylesheet" href="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/css/f737654821268d75.css"/><noscript data-n-css=""></noscript><script defer="" nomodule="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/polyfills-42372ed130431b0a.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/1619.88e2693cd1b581c7.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/5904-00a9939dd9512390.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/9585.8b799f0ba1608375.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/6395.4776ef4731c1d39d.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/8494.b4bf3de331d3cd3d.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/4536.bcf4ce9b1e81d0be.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/8002.cda28a884d54b98f.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/3332.4d6daa5ad4681db9.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/4679.19ab256d75f9c05f.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/530.5d93e71756d7c096.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/5834.49be7bc4ab3f0aed.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/3755.7e5a1aaf31e01ed2.js"></script><script defer="" src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/3843.324b96b7d854cff6.js"></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/webpack-8521c3accdcb66b5.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/framework-945b357d4a851f4b.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/main-a5b6b28eaa6544ab.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/pages/_app-99b2161b11a2894f.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/d6e1aeb5-6c1a556b50118c84.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/cd2ad15f-e3ade80fb904366d.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/2619eb1e-8e00cd468b1d1bed.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/4365-b709ac4497a9ef82.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/9238-f8cd676f1df9273c.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/6562-9023c4176e0cafe3.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/5149-a7e32537b63f97c4.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/1856-f765da8fd3fd604b.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/3426-3994d9228e18e11b.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/8187-7853ef893444a990.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/6580-fd291a00e2b91196.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/7650-a4229a82cab2cd51.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/7994-af24be2418783324.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/8099-56aba1e39ebe7890.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/6459-e50ef165312c5b15.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/2539-f36c7f26cba95800.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/570-6a11c1cc1baaece7.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/9414-6d96c252f7ce749a.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/4922-38aaf862a94f177a.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/7496-1691c3d7886b1344.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/7100-8c9e4ffbeba03c60.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/3562-915df05fc4d1c133.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/2273-f4028fc4b9661570.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/1985-e61c51abc5d80420.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/7102-31df82194af04534.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/8365-b81c35904d588e36.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/chunks/pages/curation/phoenix/%5BpageId%5D-5400079709c85022.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/s9UIBo8qkjc9_6hyvYkKx/_buildManifest.js" defer=""></script><script src="https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup/_next/static/s9UIBo8qkjc9_6hyvYkKx/_ssgManifest.js" defer=""></script></head><body><script type="text/javascript">0</script><noscript><iframe height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden" src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-MNTH5N"></iframe></noscript><div id="__next"><style>body[data-reg-ui-client-status=show] {
  position: relative;
  overflow: hidden;
}
@media screen and (max-height: 675px) {
  body[data-reg-ui-client-status=show] {
    overflow: auto;
  }
}

body[data-reg-ui-client-status=load],
body[data-reg-ui-client-status=load] * {
  cursor: wait !important;
}

.reg-ui-client {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  transform: translateX(-100%);
  /* full page overlay: http://www.iab.com/guidelines/z-index-guidelines/ */
  box-sizing: border-box;
  visibility: hidden;
  /* [LC] use visibility + z-index instead of display, because animation does not work with display: none */
  z-index: -1;
  position: fixed;
  left: 0;
  top: 0;
  width: 100%;
  min-height: 100vh;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, 0.9);
  overflow: auto;
  animation: 0.5s fadeOut;
  /* for popup modal scrolling on iOS */
  -webkit-overflow-scrolling: touch;
  /* set top to 0 if browser window is NOT high enough */
}
.reg-ui-client *,
.reg-ui-client *:before,
.reg-ui-client *:after {
  box-sizing: inherit;
}
.reg-ui-client[data-status=show] {
  transform: translateX(0);
  z-index: 8000000;
  visibility: visible;
  animation: 0.5s fadeIn;
}
.reg-ui-client__iframe-container, .reg-ui-client__wide-iframe-container, .reg-ui-client__uverify-iframe-container {
  background-color: #FFFFFF;
  box-shadow: 0 0 5px rgba(0, 0, 0, 0.3);
  position: relative;
  width: 100%;
}
.reg-ui-client__iframe-container {
  max-width: 375px;
}
.reg-ui-client__wide-iframe-container {
  max-width: 570px;
}
.reg-ui-client__uverify-iframe-container {
  max-width: 700px;
}
.reg-ui-client__iframe {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 615px;
  display: block;
}
.reg-ui-client__wide-iframe {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 510px;
  display: block;
}
.reg-ui-client__uverify-iframe {
  overflow: hidden;
  width: 100%;
  height: 680px;
  display: block;
}
@media screen and (max-height: 675px) {
  .reg-ui-client__iframe-container {
    top: 0;
    transform: none;
  }
}
@media screen and (max-height: 900px) {
  .reg-ui-client__uverify-iframe {
    height: 675px;
  }
}
@keyframes fadeIn {
  0% {
    opacity: 0;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 1;
  }
}
@keyframes fadeOut {
  0% {
    opacity: 1;
    z-index: 8000000;
    visibility: visible;
  }
  100% {
    opacity: 0;
    z-index: -1;
    visibility: hidden;
  }
}</style><main><div data-page-type="lineup-curation"><div class="provider-is-not-loaded"></div><div><div class="media-ui-FullWidthAd_fullWidthAdWrapper-fClHZteIk3k-"><div class="media-ui-LeaderboardAd_stickyParallaxWrapper-LEpvVekzJzE-"><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-BaseAd_adPlaceholder-W4Hid5G045M- media-ui-FullWidthAd_fullWidthAd-waQ2dCOMRb8- media-ui-LeaderboardAd_leaderboard-FZL8q-6lUUI- media-ui-LeaderboardAd_stickyParallax-CCvR3mPULtk-" data-component="leaderboard-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Leaderboard advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div style="display:none"></div></div></div></div><div class="media-ui-LeaderboardAd_parallaxWrapper-JMVgdxR--aU-"><style>@media (min-width: 760px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 790px; } }@media (min-width: 1123px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 1113px; } }@media (min-width: 1335px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 1323px; } }</style><style>#bb-that *,#bb-that *:before,#bb-that *:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#bb-that *{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}#bb-that ul,#bb-that li{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}#bb-that p{padding:0;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that__col{float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md{width:23.5%}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md:last-of-type{padding-right:0}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md:first-child{width:29.5%}#bb-that .bb-that__col--sm{width:32%;padding:0 10px 0 0}#bb-that .bb-that__col--xs{float:none;display:block;border-top:1px solid #474747}#bb-that .bb-that__col--xs:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #474747}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-xs{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 760px) and (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-sm{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 1020px) and (max-width: 1279px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-md{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 1280px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-lg{display:block !important}}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu{display:block}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that-header{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--container{overflow:initial;max-height:initial;visibility:visible;background-color:#141414;padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs.bb-that--mobile-menu-open ul{overflow-y:initial;max-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs.bb-that--mobile-menu-open .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);-o-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs ul{padding:0;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;max-height:0;overflow-y:hidden}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li{padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li:first-of-type{padding-top:10px}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li:last-child{background:none;padding-bottom:10px;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a{height:50px;display:flex;align-items:center;color:#B3B3B3;padding:15px 20px;transition:all 0.15s ease-in-out}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:hover{color:#fff;opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:hover:after{position:static;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:after{color:#46464b;opacity:1;display:inline-block;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);height:15px;width:15px;line-height:initial;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-left:10px}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header{border-bottom:1px solid #616166;height:40px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 15px;background-color:#000}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span{font-size:12px;color:#fff;opacity:1;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:hover{cursor:pointer}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:after{display:inline-block;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);height:9px;width:9px;line-height:10px;color:#fff;margin-left:10px}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:1170px;visibility:visible}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:none}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap:focus{outline:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:before,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:after{content:" ";display:table}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections{padding:40px 0}}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:first-child .bb-that-category{padding-left:0;margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category{padding:30px;background-color:#141414;margin-top:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{font-size:20px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category__text span{display:block;min-width:87px;float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(4) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #474747;font-size:12px;padding-bottom:0.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item{border-bottom:1px solid #474747;width:90%;padding:7px 0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #474747}}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #474747;font-size:12px;padding-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:15px;letter-spacing:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item{border-bottom:1px solid #474747;width:90%;padding:7px 0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #474747}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category{margin-right:0;padding-right:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child{margin:30px -30px 0 -30px;padding:30px;background-color:#141414;width:100%;box-sizing:content-box}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child .bb-that-category{width:32%;float:left;padding:0 10px 0 30px;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child .bb-that-category:first-child{padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child .bb-that-category:first-child .bb-that-category__title{font-size:20px;line-height:14px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child .bb-that-category:last-child{float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections>li:last-child .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__text span{display:block}}#bb-that .bb-that-category{padding:0 15px;margin:0 15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-category+.bb-that-category{margin-top:40px}}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{color:#f3f4ef;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin:0;padding:15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{padding:0 0 15px}}#bb-that .bb-that-category__item{padding-bottom:10px}#bb-that .bb-that-category__item:last-of-type{padding-bottom:0}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text+.bb-that-category__text{padding-top:10px}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link,#bb-that .bb-that-category a{color:#b3b3b3;font-size:15px;font-weight:400}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link{line-height:1.27;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:15px;width:15px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:after{margin-left:5px;margin-top:1px;position:absolute}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text{line-height:1.4}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link{display:block;outline-offset:3px;-webkit-transition:color 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:color 0.1s ease-out;transition:color 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:focus{color:#0d9ddb}#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link{line-height:15px;position:relative;padding:0 22px 0 0}#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:before{position:absolute;right:5px;top:0;line-height:inherit}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M8.9%202.8h2.3v-2.8h-2.3c-1.8%200-3.3%201.5-3.3%203.3v1.4h-1.9v2.8h1.9v7.5h2.8v-7.5h2.3l0.5-2.8h-2.8v-1.4c0-0.3%200.2-0.5%200.5-0.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M8.9%202.8h2.3v-2.8h-2.3c-1.8%200-3.3%201.5-3.3%203.3v1.4h-1.9v2.8h1.9v7.5h2.8v-7.5h2.3l0.5-2.8h-2.8v-1.4c0-0.3%200.2-0.5%200.5-0.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M13%204.7c0%200.1%200%200.2%200%200.4%200%203.7-2.8%208.1-8.1%208.1-1.6%200-3.1-0.5-4.3-1.3%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.7%200%201.3%200%202.5-0.5%203.5-1.2-1.2%200-2.3-0.8-2.6-2%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.5%200%200.3%200%200.5%200%200.7-0.1-1.3-0.3-2.3-1.4-2.3-2.8%200%200%200%200%200%200%200.4%200.2%200.8%200.3%201.3%200.4-0.8-0.5-1.3-1.4-1.3-2.4%200-0.5%200.1-1%200.4-1.4%201.4%201.7%203.5%202.8%205.8%203%200-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6%200-1.6%201.3-2.8%202.8-2.8%200.8%200%201.6%200.3%202.1%200.9%200.6-0.1%201.3-0.4%201.8-0.7-0.2%200.7-0.7%201.2-1.2%201.6%200.6-0.1%201.1-0.2%201.6-0.4-0.4%200.6-0.9%201.1-1.4%201.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M13%204.7c0%200.1%200%200.2%200%200.4%200%203.7-2.8%208.1-8.1%208.1-1.6%200-3.1-0.5-4.3-1.3%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.7%200%201.3%200%202.5-0.5%203.5-1.2-1.2%200-2.3-0.8-2.6-2%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.5%200%200.3%200%200.5%200%200.7-0.1-1.3-0.3-2.3-1.4-2.3-2.8%200%200%200%200%200%200%200.4%200.2%200.8%200.3%201.3%200.4-0.8-0.5-1.3-1.4-1.3-2.4%200-0.5%200.1-1%200.4-1.4%201.4%201.7%203.5%202.8%205.8%203%200-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6%200-1.6%201.3-2.8%202.8-2.8%200.8%200%201.6%200.3%202.1%200.9%200.6-0.1%201.3-0.4%201.8-0.7-0.2%200.7-0.7%201.2-1.2%201.6%200.6-0.1%201.1-0.2%201.6-0.4-0.4%200.6-0.9%201.1-1.4%201.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.6%205.6h2.6v1.3h0c0.4-0.6%201.2-1.3%202.6-1.3%202.7%200%203.2%201.7%203.2%203.9v4.5h-2.7v-4c0-1%200-2.2-1.4-2.2-1.4%200-1.6%201-1.6%202.1v4.1h-2.7v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0.9%205.6h2.8v8.4h-2.8v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M3.8%203.3c0%200.8-0.6%201.4-1.4%201.4s-1.4-0.6-1.4-1.4c0-0.8%200.6-1.4%201.4-1.4s1.4%200.6%201.4%201.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.6%205.6h2.6v1.3h0c0.4-0.6%201.2-1.3%202.6-1.3%202.7%200%203.2%201.7%203.2%203.9v4.5h-2.7v-4c0-1%200-2.2-1.4-2.2-1.4%200-1.6%201-1.6%202.1v4.1h-2.7v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0.9%205.6h2.8v8.4h-2.8v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M3.8%203.3c0%200.8-0.6%201.4-1.4%201.4s-1.4-0.6-1.4-1.4c0-0.8%200.6-1.4%201.4-1.4s1.4%200.6%201.4%201.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.5,7.6c0,1.2,1,2.2,2.2,2.2s2.2-1,2.2-2.2l0,0c0-1.2-1-2.2-2.2-2.2S5.5,6.4,5.5,7.6L5.5,7.6%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2,4.9c0-0.7-0.1-1.2-0.3-1.6c-0.2-0.4-0.4-0.8-0.8-1.2c-0.3-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.2-0.8C11.5,1.1,11,1,10.3,1S9.4,1,7.6,1s-2,0-2.7,0S3.7,1.1,3.3,1.3C2.9,1.5,2.5,1.7,2.1,2.1C1.8,2.4,1.5,2.8,1.3,3.3C1.1,3.7,1,4.2,1,4.9s0,0.9,0,2.7s0,2,0,2.7s0.1,1.2,0.3,1.6c0.2,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.8,1.2c0.4,0.4,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.2,0.9,0.3,1.6,0.3s0.9,0,2.7,0s2,0,2.7,0s1.2-0.1,1.6-0.3c0.4-0.2,0.8-0.4,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.4,0.6-0.7,0.8-1.2c0.2-0.4,0.3-0.9,0.3-1.6s0-0.9,0-2.7S14.2,5.6,14.2,4.9z%20M7.7,10.9c-1.8,0-3.3-1.5-3.3-3.3s1.5-3.3,3.3-3.3S11,5.8,11,7.6S9.5,10.9,7.7,10.9z%20M11.2,4.9c-0.4,0-0.8-0.3-0.8-0.8s0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8S12,3.6,12,4.1S11.6,4.9,11.2,4.9z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.5,7.6c0,1.2,1,2.2,2.2,2.2s2.2-1,2.2-2.2l0,0c0-1.2-1-2.2-2.2-2.2S5.5,6.4,5.5,7.6L5.5,7.6%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2,4.9c0-0.7-0.1-1.2-0.3-1.6c-0.2-0.4-0.4-0.8-0.8-1.2c-0.3-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.2-0.8C11.5,1.1,11,1,10.3,1S9.4,1,7.6,1s-2,0-2.7,0S3.7,1.1,3.3,1.3C2.9,1.5,2.5,1.7,2.1,2.1C1.8,2.4,1.5,2.8,1.3,3.3C1.1,3.7,1,4.2,1,4.9s0,0.9,0,2.7s0,2,0,2.7s0.1,1.2,0.3,1.6c0.2,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.8,1.2c0.4,0.4,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.2,0.9,0.3,1.6,0.3s0.9,0,2.7,0s2,0,2.7,0s1.2-0.1,1.6-0.3c0.4-0.2,0.8-0.4,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.4,0.6-0.7,0.8-1.2c0.2-0.4,0.3-0.9,0.3-1.6s0-0.9,0-2.7S14.2,5.6,14.2,4.9z%20M7.7,10.9c-1.8,0-3.3-1.5-3.3-3.3s1.5-3.3,3.3-3.3S11,5.8,11,7.6S9.5,10.9,7.7,10.9z%20M11.2,4.9c-0.4,0-0.8-0.3-0.8-0.8s0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8S12,3.6,12,4.1S11.6,4.9,11.2,4.9z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2%204.4c-0.8%204.3-5%208-6.2%208.8-1.3%200.8-2.4-0.3-2.8-1.2-0.5-1-1.9-6.5-2.3-6.9s-1.5%200.5-1.5%200.5l-0.5-0.7c0%200%202.3-2.8%204-3.1%201.9-0.4%201.8%202.9%202.3%204.7%200.4%201.8%200.7%202.8%201.1%202.8s1.1-1%201.9-2.5c0.8-1.5%200-2.8-1.6-1.9%200.6-3.8%206.4-4.7%205.7-0.3z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2%204.4c-0.8%204.3-5%208-6.2%208.8-1.3%200.8-2.4-0.3-2.8-1.2-0.5-1-1.9-6.5-2.3-6.9s-1.5%200.5-1.5%200.5l-0.5-0.7c0%200%202.3-2.8%204-3.1%201.9-0.4%201.8%202.9%202.3%204.7%200.4%201.8%200.7%202.8%201.1%202.8s1.1-1%201.9-2.5c0.8-1.5%200-2.8-1.6-1.9%200.6-3.8%206.4-4.7%205.7-0.3z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.027344%204.445312c-.167969-.632812-.667969-1.132812-1.296875-1.304687C12.585938%202.832031%208%202.832031%208%202.832031s-4.585938%200-5.730469.308594C1.640625%203.3125%201.140625%203.8125.972656%204.445312.667969%205.597656.667969%208%20.667969%208s0%202.402344.304687%203.554688c.167969.632812.667969%201.132812%201.296875%201.304687C3.414062%2013.167969%208%2013.167969%208%2013.167969s4.585938%200%205.730469-.308594c.628906-.171875%201.128906-.671875%201.296875-1.304687C15.332031%2010.402344%2015.332031%208%2015.332031%208s0-2.402344-.304687-3.554688ZM6.5%2010.179688V5.820312L10.332031%208Z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.027344%204.445312c-.167969-.632812-.667969-1.132812-1.296875-1.304687C12.585938%202.832031%208%202.832031%208%202.832031s-4.585938%200-5.730469.308594C1.640625%203.3125%201.140625%203.8125.972656%204.445312.667969%205.597656.667969%208%20.667969%208s0%202.402344.304687%203.554688c.167969.632812.667969%201.132812%201.296875%201.304687C3.414062%2013.167969%208%2013.167969%208%2013.167969s4.585938%200%205.730469-.308594c.628906-.171875%201.128906-.671875%201.296875-1.304687C15.332031%2010.402344%2015.332031%208%2015.332031%208s0-2.402344-.304687-3.554688ZM6.5%2010.179688V5.820312L10.332031%208Z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that-category--sub{padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that-category--sub .bb-that-category__title:after{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that-category__content{overflow:hidden;max-height:0;padding:0 15px 15px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out;-o-transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{cursor:pointer}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:9px;width:9px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:after{float:right}#bb-that .bb-that-category.bb-that--open .bb-that-category__content{padding:0 15px 15px;max-height:2340px}}#bb-that .bb-that__close{display:none}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that__close{display:block;height:29px;padding:2px;position:absolute;right:4px;top:10px;width:29px;cursor:pointer;height:30px;width:30px;color:#b3b3b3;font-size:9px;background-color:transparent;border:0}#bb-that .bb-that__close:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M11.9%202.5q0.3%200%200.4%200.2t0.2%200.4q0%200.3-0.2%200.4l-3.9%203.9%203.9%203.9q0.2%200.2%200.2%200.4%200%200.3-0.2%200.4t-0.4%200.2q-0.3%200-0.4-0.2l-3.9-3.9-3.9%203.9q-0.2%200.2-0.4%200.2-0.3%200-0.4-0.2t-0.2-0.4q0-0.3%200.2-0.4l3.9-3.9-3.9-3.9q-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.4%200-0.3%200.2-0.4t0.4-0.2q0.3%200%200.4%200.2l3.9%203.9%203.9-3.9q0.2-0.2%200.4-0.2z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that__close:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that__close:after{height:25px;width:25px}}#bb-that .bb-that__skip-to-content{background:#000;border:0;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f3f4ef;display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;height:1px;left:2px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px;position:absolute;top:5px;width:1px;z-index:100}#bb-that .bb-that__skip-to-content:focus{color:#0d9ddb;clip:auto;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:visible;width:auto}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that-header--link-company{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that-header--link-bba{border-left:0;padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that__close{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:none;-webkit-transition:none;-o-transition:none;transition:none}#bb-that .bb-that--bba-menu .bb-that-header--link-bba{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--bba-menu .bb-that__icon--dropdown{visibility:hidden}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight{position:relative;text-align:center;background-color:#0d9ddb;color:#141414;font-weight:600;opacity:0;height:0;margin-left:-999em;-webkit-transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1);-o-transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1);transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1)}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__text{pointer-events:none;color:#141414}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link{color:#fff;margin-left:.7em;padding-right:21px}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' d='M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:after{margin-left:5px;margin-top:-3px;position:absolute}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:focus{color:#141414}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:focus:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23141414' d='M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--active{opacity:1;height:auto;margin-left:auto}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--desktop{display:none;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25em;padding:16px 0 !important}@media (min-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--desktop{display:block}}
</style><style>#bb-that a{text-decoration:none}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap{overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-height:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out;-o-transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out;transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out}#bb-that{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;background:#000;position:relative}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that{display:none}}#bb-that *{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG,"Helvetica Neue",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important}#bb-that .bb-that--container{margin:0 auto;padding:0 30px;box-sizing:content-box}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{padding:0}}#bb-that .bb-that--container:before,#bb-that .bb-that--container:after{content:" ";display:table}#bb-that .bb-that--container:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:700px}}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:980px}}@media (min-width: 1280px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:1160px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header{font-weight:600;font-size:15px;line-height:30px;padding:15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header{font-size:12px;height:30px;padding:0}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link{position:relative;display:block;outline-offset:2px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link{display:inline-block;padding:0 10px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span{color:#f3f4ef;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span{line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto}}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span{font-size:11px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*="bba.bloomberg.net"]:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 25.32 19'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%23fff;stroke:%23fff;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.5px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h25.32v19H0z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-1' x='.32' y='1.81' width='11.74' height='9.39' rx='.47' ry='.47'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-1' x='13.23' y='1.8' width='11.74' height='9.39' rx='.47' ry='.47'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M11.4 13.75v.8c0 .29.53.53 1.18.53s1.17-.24 1.17-.53v-.8h.06c1.83.2 3.11.87 3.11 1.68 0 1-1.93 1.76-4.31 1.76s-4.32-.79-4.32-1.76c0-.8 1.3-1.47 3.09-1.69z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;right:3px;top:2px;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*="bba.bloomberg.net"],#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*="bba.bloomberg.net"]>span{color:#FFA028}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*="/service"]:before{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 25 25'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23231f20' d='M0 0h25v25H0z'/%3E%3Crect x='1.53' y='1.33' width='21.91' height='21.91' rx='2.63' ry='2.63' fill='%231bbc3c'/%3E%3Ctext transform='translate(1.53 19.79)' style='isolation:isolate' font-size='10.19' font-family='AvenirNextPForBBG-Medium,Avenir Next P for BBG' letter-spacing='-.02em' fill='%23231f20'%3EHelp%3C/text%3E%3C/svg%3E");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;right:3px;top:2px;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link:first-child{padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link:after{font-size:9px;position:absolute}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link+.bb-that-header__link{border-left:1px solid #b3b3b3}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link+.bb-that-header__link:after{top:-3px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span{pointer-events:none}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span:first-of-type{display:inline}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span:first-of-type+span{display:none}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span:first-of-type{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link>span:first-of-type+span{display:inline}}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger{padding:0 27px 0 10px}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{display:inline-block;content:url("data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E");height:9px;width:9px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{height:9px;width:9px;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);-o-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);-webkit-transition:transform 0.35s ease;-o-transition:transform 0.35s ease;transition:transform 0.35s ease}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{right:12px;top:2px;line-height:1}}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--open{border-bottom:1px solid #474747}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);-o-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}
</style>
<div id="bb-that" data-spotlight-service="https://www.bloomberg.com/tophat/api/spotlights?site=bcom">
	<nav class="bb-that">
		<a href="#that-jump-content--default" class="bb-that__skip-to-content" aria-label="Skip to content" role="button" tabindex="0">Skip to content</a>
    <div class="bb-that-header bb-that--container">
        <a class="bb-that-header__link bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" role="button" aria-controls="bb-that--container" aria-expanded="false" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg the Company &amp; Its Products" data-label="bcom"><span>Bloomberg the Company &amp; Its Products</span><span>The Company &amp; its Products</span></a><a class="bb-that-header__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/contact-menu/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom&amp;bbgsum=DG-WS-PROF-DEMO-bbgmenu" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Terminal Demo Request" data-label="bcom">Bloomberg Terminal Demo Request</a><a class="bb-that-header__link" href="https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login" data-label="bcom"><span>Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login</span><span>Bloomberg Anywhere Login</span></a><a class="bb-that-header__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Customer Support" data-label="bcom"><span>Bloomberg Customer Support</span><span>Customer Support</span></a>    </div>
		<div id="bb-that--container" class="bb-that__sitemap bb-that--container" tabindex="-1" role="dialog">
    
    <ul class="bb-that__sitemap-sections bb-that--visible-md bb-that--visible-lg">
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--md">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--bloomberg--1" class="bb-that-category__title">Bloomberg</h3><div class="bb-that-category__content"><p class="bb-that-category__text">Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world</p></div></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--for_customers--2" class="bb-that-category__title">For Customers</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--for_customers--2"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/customer-support/software-updates/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Software Updates" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Software Updates</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://service.bloomberg.com/portal/sessions/new?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Manage Products and Account Information" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Manage Products and Account Information</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--support--3" class="bb-that-category__title">Support</h3><div class="bb-that-category__content"><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>Americas</span>+1 212 318 2000</p><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>EMEA</span>+44 20 7330 7500</p><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>Asia Pacific</span>+65 6212 1000</p></div></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--md">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--company--4" class="bb-that-category__title">Company</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--company--4"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="About" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">About</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/what-we-do/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Careers" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Careers</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/inclusion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Inclusion at Bloomberg" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Inclusion at Bloomberg</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Tech at Bloomberg" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Tech at Bloomberg</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/philanthropy/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Philanthropy" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Philanthropy</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/sustainability/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Sustainability" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Sustainability</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/bloomberg-beta/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Beta" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Beta</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--communications--5" class="bb-that-category__title">Communications</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--communications--5"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/announcements/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Press Announcements" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Press Announcements</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press-contacts/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Press Contacts" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Press Contacts</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--follow--6" class="bb-that-category__title">Follow</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--follow--6"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bloomberglp" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-facebook" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Facebook" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Facebook</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/bloomberg/" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-instagram" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Instagram" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Instagram</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/2494" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-linkedin" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="LinkedIn" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@bloomberglp" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-youtube" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="YouTube" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">YouTube</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--md">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--products--7" class="bb-that-category__title">Products</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--products--7"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://bloomberg.com/professional?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Professional Services" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Professional Services</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/bloomberg-terminal/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Terminal" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Terminal</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/data/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Data" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Data</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/trading/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Trading" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Trading</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/risk/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Risk" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Risk</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/compliance/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Compliance" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Compliance</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/indices/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Indices" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Indices</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--industry_products--8" class="bb-that-category__title">Industry Products</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--industry_products--8"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://pro.bloomberglaw.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Law" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Law</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://pro.bloombergtax.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Tax" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Tax</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://about.bgov.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Government" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Government</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://about.bnef.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="BloombergNEF" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">BloombergNEF</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--md">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--media--9" class="bb-that-category__title">Media</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--media--9"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Markets" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Markets</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/technology/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Technology" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Technology</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Pursuits" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Pursuits</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Politics" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Politics</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Opinion" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Opinion</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Businessweek" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Businessweek</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberglive.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Live Conferences" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Live Conferences</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloombergradio.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Radio" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Radio</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/live?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Television" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Television</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/news-bureaus/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="News Bureaus" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">News Bureaus</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--media_services--10" class="bb-that-category__title">Media Services</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--media_services--10"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/distribution?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Media Distribution" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Media Distribution</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloombergmedia.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Advertising" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Advertising</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
            </ul>

        <ul class="bb-that__sitemap-sections bb-that--visible-sm">
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--company--11" class="bb-that-category__title">Company</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--company--11"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="About" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">About</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/what-we-do/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Careers" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Careers</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/inclusion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Inclusion at Bloomberg" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Inclusion at Bloomberg</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Tech at Bloomberg" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Tech at Bloomberg</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/philanthropy/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Philanthropy" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Philanthropy</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/sustainability/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Sustainability" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Sustainability</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/bloomberg-beta/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Beta" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Beta</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--communications--12" class="bb-that-category__title">Communications</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--communications--12"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/announcements/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Press Announcements" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Press Announcements</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press-contacts/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Press Contacts" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Press Contacts</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--follow--13" class="bb-that-category__title">Follow</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--follow--13"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.facebook.com/Bloomberglp" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-facebook" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Facebook" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Facebook</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.instagram.com/bloomberg/" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-instagram" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Instagram" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">Instagram</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/2494" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-linkedin" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="LinkedIn" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">LinkedIn</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a href="https://www.youtube.com/@bloomberglp" class="bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-youtube" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="YouTube" data-label="bcom" target="_blank" rel="noopener" tabindex="0">YouTube</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--products--14" class="bb-that-category__title">Products</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--products--14"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://bloomberg.com/professional?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Professional Services" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Professional Services</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/bloomberg-terminal/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Terminal" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Terminal</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/data/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Data" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Data</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/trading/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Trading" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Trading</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/risk/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Risk" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Risk</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/compliance/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Compliance" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Compliance</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/indices/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Indices" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Indices</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--industry_products--15" class="bb-that-category__title">Industry Products</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--industry_products--15"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://pro.bloomberglaw.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Law" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Law</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://pro.bloombergtax.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Tax" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Tax</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://about.bgov.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Government" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Government</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://about.bnef.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="BloombergNEF" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">BloombergNEF</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--media--16" class="bb-that-category__title">Media</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--media--16"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Markets" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Markets</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/technology/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg[br] Technology" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg<br/> Technology</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Pursuits" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Pursuits</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Politics" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Politics</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Opinion" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Opinion</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg[br] Businessweek" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg<br/> Businessweek</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberglive.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Live Conferences" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Live Conferences</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloombergradio.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Radio" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Radio</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/live?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Television" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Television</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/company/news-bureaus/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="News Bureaus" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">News Bureaus</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--media_services--17" class="bb-that-category__title">Media Services</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--media_services--17"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/distribution?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Media Distribution" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Media Distribution</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloombergmedia.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Advertising" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Advertising</a></li></ul></section>    </li>
                    <li class="bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm">
            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--bloomberg--18" class="bb-that-category__title">Bloomberg</h3><div class="bb-that-category__content"><p class="bb-that-category__text">Connecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world</p></div></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--for_customers--19" class="bb-that-category__title">For Customers</h3><ul class="bb-that-category__content" aria-labelledby="that-list--for_customers--19"><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/customer-support/software-updates/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Software Updates" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Software Updates</a></li><li class="bb-that-category__item"><a class="bb-that-category__link" href="https://service.bloomberg.com/portal/sessions/new?utm_source=bloomberg-menu&amp;utm_medium=bcom" data-element="tophat-link" data-description="Manage Contracts and Orders" data-label="bcom" tabindex="0">Manage Contracts and Orders</a></li></ul></section>            <section class="bb-that-category">
    <h3 id="that-list--support--20" class="bb-that-category__title">Support</h3><div class="bb-that-category__content"><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>Americas</span>+1 212 318 2000</p><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>EMEA</span>+44 20 7330 7500</p><p class="bb-that-category__text"><span>Asia Pacific</span>+65 6212 1000</p></div></section>    </li>
            </ul>

    <button class="bb-that__close" aria-label="Close" tabindex="0"></button>
</div>	</nav>
</div>
<div id="that-jump-content--default" tabindex="-1"></div>
<div class="styles_nav__bjKyX" data-weekend="false"><nav class="media-ui-Nav_navContainer-hjs68ExRvE4- nav" data-component="nav"><div class="media-ui-Nav_desktop-H4T7bcdLqpc-"><div class="media-ui-LogoBar_logoBarContainer-zT2Vdyxa9hk- media-ui-LogoBar_dark-q7Ouy-DICYc- logo-bar" data-component="logo-bar"><div class="media-ui-LogoBar_bar-dkILEe-ptTg- styles_gridNavDesktop__RneVn"><div class="media-ui-Logo_logo-08Z6l4waIQI- media-ui-Logo_dark-8-AT52-hX7Q-" aria-label="logo" data-component="logo"><a href="/" class="media-ui-Logo_logo-08Z6l4waIQI-"><svg width="100%" height="100%" version="1.1" viewBox="429.6 479.5 476.4 96.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" fill="currentColor" aria-label="Bloomberg" data-component="bloombergLogo"><rect fill="none" x="429.5" y="479.5" width="480.2" height="100.2"></rect><path fill="currentColor" d="m442.1 491.9h10.4c9.5 0 13.6 3 13.6 9.1 0 5.3-4.2 8.9-12.5 8.9h-11.4v-18zm-12.5 59.7h25.4c13.3 0 26.7-4.8 26.7-20.1 0-9.1-6.4-16-15.2-17v-0.2c7.3-2.2 12.2-7.5 12.2-15.4 0-12.8-10.9-17.7-21.6-17.7h-27.5v70.4zm12.5-31h12c10.2 0 14.9 2.6 14.9 10 0 9.3-9 10.4-15.4 10.4h-11.5v-20.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m489.8 479.5h11.9v72.1h-11.9v-72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m521.7 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.7 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-11.9 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.5 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m579.1 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-12 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.4 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m626.4 503.9h11.3v7.5h0.2c2.1-4.5 6.7-8.7 14.6-8.7 7.4 0 12.4 2.9 14.9 8.9 3.5-6.1 8.6-8.9 15.7-8.9 12.7 0 17.2 9.1 17.2 20.5v28.5h-11.9v-27.1c0-6-1.8-11.1-8.9-11.1-7.5 0-10.3 6.2-10.3 12.3v25.9h-11.9v-28.5c0-5.9-2.4-9.8-8.2-9.8-7.9 0-10.9 5.8-10.9 12.1v26.1h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m749.7 527.7c0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0-14-6.9-14-14.3 0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3s14 6.9 14 14.3zm-39.6 23.9h11.3v-7.2h0.2c3.5 5.8 9.8 8.4 16.4 8.4 14.7 0 23.6-10.9 23.6-25.1 0-14.1-9.5-25.1-23.1-25.1-9 0-13.7 4.2-16.2 7.3h-0.3v-30.4h-11.9v72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m779 523c0.9-6.9 5.3-11.3 12.3-11.3 7.5 0 12 4.4 12.1 11.3h-24.4zm36.4 8.9v-3.3c0-16.6-9.1-26-22.4-26-14.4 0-26 10.1-26 25.1s11.5 25.1 26 25.1c7.6 0 14.6-2.7 20.2-9.6l-8.6-6.5c-3 3.7-6.9 6.5-12.8 6.5-6.7 0-12-4.3-12.8-11.3h36.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m823.2 503.9h11.9v7.6h0.2c2.6-5.5 7.9-8.8 14.1-8.8 1.5 0 2.9 0.3 4.3 0.7v11.5c-2-0.5-3.9-0.9-5.8-0.9-11.2 0-12.8 9.5-12.8 12v25.6h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m880.5 513.4c8.7 0 14.1 5.8 14.1 14 0 8-5.4 14-14.2 14-8.1 0-14-6.3-14-13.8 0-8.4 5.7-14.2 14.1-14.2zm14.1-9.5v7.2h-0.2c-3.5-5.8-9.8-8.4-16.4-8.4-14.7 0-23.6 11-23.6 25.1 0 13.5 9.5 24.5 23.8 24.5 6 0 12.1-2.3 15.6-7h0.2v3.5c0 9.5-3.6 16-15.1 16-6.7 0-11.6-2.5-16.4-6.9l-7.2 9.8c6.8 6 14.8 7.9 23.7 7.9 18.6 0 27-10.9 27-28.2v-43.5h-11.4z"></path></svg></a></div><div class="media-ui-LogoBar_right-HwB1Vmt3U30-"><button data-testid="sign-in-button" class="media-ui-LogoBar_signInButton-9yr-B7jjuE0-">Sign In</button><a class="media-ui-LogoBar_subscribeButton-rqH7oKAhEzM-" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/subscriptions?in_source=nav" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Subscribe</a><button class="media-ui-LogoBar_searchButton-gUKKb5rWizY-" data-testid="nav-search-button"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-label="Search"><title>Search</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21 20.1125C21 19.8689 20.9095 19.6566 20.7285 19.4756L15.7587 14.4849C16.232 13.8863 16.6009 13.2146 16.8654 12.4698C17.1299 11.7251 17.2622 10.942 17.2622 10.1206C17.2622 9.14617 17.0742 8.2239 16.6984 7.35383C16.3225 6.48375 15.8109 5.72854 15.1636 5.08817C14.5162 4.44779 13.761 3.93968 12.8979 3.56381C12.0348 3.18793 11.1091 3 10.1206 3C9.14617 3 8.2239 3.18793 7.35383 3.56381C6.48375 3.93968 5.72854 4.44779 5.08817 5.08817C4.44779 5.72854 3.93968 6.48375 3.56381 7.35383C3.18793 8.2239 3 9.14617 3 10.1206C3 11.1091 3.18793 12.0348 3.56381 12.8979C3.93968 13.761 4.44779 14.5162 5.08817 15.1636C5.72854 15.8109 6.48375 16.3225 7.35383 16.6984C8.2239 17.0742 9.14617 17.2622 10.1206 17.2622C10.942 17.2622 11.7251 17.1299 12.4698 16.8654C13.2146 16.6009 13.8863 16.232 14.4849 15.7587L19.4756 20.7285C19.5731 20.826 19.6775 20.8956 19.7889 20.9374C19.9002 20.9791 20.0046 21 20.1021 21C20.2135 21 20.3248 20.9791 20.4362 20.9374C20.5476 20.8956 20.645 20.826 20.7285 20.7285C20.9095 20.5615 21 20.3561 21 20.1125ZM5.203 12.1984C4.91762 11.551 4.77493 10.8584 4.77493 10.1206C4.77493 9.39672 4.91762 8.70764 5.203 8.05334C5.48839 7.39904 5.87121 6.83177 6.35149 6.35148C6.83177 5.8712 7.39905 5.48838 8.05335 5.20299C8.70764 4.91761 9.39673 4.77492 10.1206 4.77492C10.8585 4.77492 11.551 4.91761 12.1984 5.20299C12.8457 5.48838 13.413 5.8712 13.9002 6.35148C14.3875 6.83177 14.7703 7.39904 15.0487 8.05334C15.3271 8.70764 15.4663 9.39672 15.4663 10.1206C15.4663 10.8584 15.3271 11.551 15.0487 12.1984C14.7703 12.8457 14.3875 13.413 13.9002 13.9002C13.413 14.3874 12.8457 14.7703 12.1984 15.0487C11.551 15.3271 10.8585 15.4663 10.1206 15.4663C9.39673 15.4663 8.70764 15.3271 8.05335 15.0487C7.39905 14.7703 6.83177 14.3874 6.35149 13.9002C5.87121 13.413 5.48839 12.8457 5.203 12.1984Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div class="media-ui-LogoBar_search-45lfpZiVy9c-"></div></div></div></div><div class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuDesktopContainer--d-70xYyi1I- media-ui-MenuDesktop_dark-amvz3umCggE-" aria-label="Menu" data-testid="menu-desktop" data-component="menu-desktop"><div class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_bar-n0LngOMZTkY- styles_gridNavDesktop__RneVn"><div class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItems-jlRLuxZzc2k-"><a href="/live" class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI- media-ui-MenuDesktop_liveTVMenuItem-Auy490G3xvI-" data-menuid="live-now"><span class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_liveNow-uWWvpLJ-Q3Q-">Live TV</span></a><ul class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItemsContainer-7zYb93iB0fw-"><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Markets" data-menuid="markets"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets">Markets</a><div data-testid="chevron-arrow" tabindex="0"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Chevron Down" role="img"><title>Chevron Down</title><path d="M11.9954 15.0785L19.5387 7.54001L21 9.00226L11.9945 18.002L3 9.00179L4.46225 7.54047L11.9954 15.0785Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Economics" data-menuid="economics"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/economics">Economics</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Industries" data-menuid="industries"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/industries">Industries</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Tech" data-menuid="tech"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/technology">Tech</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Politics" data-menuid="politics"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics">Politics</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Businessweek" data-menuid="businessweek"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek">Businessweek</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Opinion" data-menuid="opinion"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion">Opinion</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="Video" data-menuid="video"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/video">Video</a></li><li class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_menuItem-dkjmIzh9cuI-" aria-label="More" data-menuid="more">More<div data-testid="chevron-arrow" tabindex="0"><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Chevron Down" role="img"><title>Chevron Down</title><path d="M11.9954 15.0785L19.5387 7.54001L21 9.00226L11.9945 18.002L3 9.00179L4.46225 7.54047L11.9954 15.0785Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></li></ul></div><div class="media-ui-MenuDesktop_pickers-UD3fQ9j4Icc-"><div class="media-ui-RegionPicker_regionPickerContainer-i1kgBwC1PTg- media-ui-RegionPicker_dark-ZcJeEf0vRa0-" data-component="region-picker"><div class="media-ui-RegionPicker_region-p79mNAtF--M-" aria-label="Select Region" data-testid="region-button" role="button" aria-expanded="false" tabindex="0"><div class="media-ui-RegionPicker_regionText--F2-TeQLcBM-" aria-label="Current Region" data-testid="region">US Edition</div><div class=""><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Chevron Down" role="img"><title>Chevron Down</title><path d="M11.9954 15.0785L19.5387 7.54001L21 9.00226L11.9945 18.002L3 9.00179L4.46225 7.54047L11.9954 15.0785Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><div class="media-ui-Nav_mobile-G7SxDZ43xgY-"><div class="media-ui-NavMobile_dark-Opy7eSA3j1M-"><div class="media-ui-NavMobile_mobileNavContent-fXa3pH--4Xo-"><div class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_logoBarMobileContainer-iPnAcUxvR8I- media-ui-LogoBarMobile_dark-BdY9L7ZNqU8- logo-bar-mobile" data-component="logo-bar-mobile"><div class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_bar-zgjgCPzBxTk-"><div class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_left-rF-ymcISWfM-"><button class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_menuMobile-M4RJaHBvIXE-" aria-label="Mobile Menu Button" data-testid="mobile-menu-button" role="button"><svg class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_hamburger-v2S6niowyFs-" width="100%" height="100%" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" aria-label="Menu" role="img"><title>Menu</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M5 6H19V8H5V6ZM5 11H19V13H5V11ZM19 16H5V18H19V16Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button><div class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_logo-XzvVftfILnk-"><a class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_logoLink-MV1DgiEaeWc-" href="/"><svg width="100%" height="100%" version="1.1" viewBox="429.6 479.5 476.4 96.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" fill="currentColor" aria-label="Bloomberg" data-component="bloombergLogo"><rect fill="none" x="429.5" y="479.5" width="480.2" height="100.2"></rect><path fill="currentColor" d="m442.1 491.9h10.4c9.5 0 13.6 3 13.6 9.1 0 5.3-4.2 8.9-12.5 8.9h-11.4v-18zm-12.5 59.7h25.4c13.3 0 26.7-4.8 26.7-20.1 0-9.1-6.4-16-15.2-17v-0.2c7.3-2.2 12.2-7.5 12.2-15.4 0-12.8-10.9-17.7-21.6-17.7h-27.5v70.4zm12.5-31h12c10.2 0 14.9 2.6 14.9 10 0 9.3-9 10.4-15.4 10.4h-11.5v-20.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m489.8 479.5h11.9v72.1h-11.9v-72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m521.7 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.7 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-11.9 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.5 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m579.1 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-12 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.4 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m626.4 503.9h11.3v7.5h0.2c2.1-4.5 6.7-8.7 14.6-8.7 7.4 0 12.4 2.9 14.9 8.9 3.5-6.1 8.6-8.9 15.7-8.9 12.7 0 17.2 9.1 17.2 20.5v28.5h-11.9v-27.1c0-6-1.8-11.1-8.9-11.1-7.5 0-10.3 6.2-10.3 12.3v25.9h-11.9v-28.5c0-5.9-2.4-9.8-8.2-9.8-7.9 0-10.9 5.8-10.9 12.1v26.1h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m749.7 527.7c0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0-14-6.9-14-14.3 0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3s14 6.9 14 14.3zm-39.6 23.9h11.3v-7.2h0.2c3.5 5.8 9.8 8.4 16.4 8.4 14.7 0 23.6-10.9 23.6-25.1 0-14.1-9.5-25.1-23.1-25.1-9 0-13.7 4.2-16.2 7.3h-0.3v-30.4h-11.9v72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m779 523c0.9-6.9 5.3-11.3 12.3-11.3 7.5 0 12 4.4 12.1 11.3h-24.4zm36.4 8.9v-3.3c0-16.6-9.1-26-22.4-26-14.4 0-26 10.1-26 25.1s11.5 25.1 26 25.1c7.6 0 14.6-2.7 20.2-9.6l-8.6-6.5c-3 3.7-6.9 6.5-12.8 6.5-6.7 0-12-4.3-12.8-11.3h36.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m823.2 503.9h11.9v7.6h0.2c2.6-5.5 7.9-8.8 14.1-8.8 1.5 0 2.9 0.3 4.3 0.7v11.5c-2-0.5-3.9-0.9-5.8-0.9-11.2 0-12.8 9.5-12.8 12v25.6h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m880.5 513.4c8.7 0 14.1 5.8 14.1 14 0 8-5.4 14-14.2 14-8.1 0-14-6.3-14-13.8 0-8.4 5.7-14.2 14.1-14.2zm14.1-9.5v7.2h-0.2c-3.5-5.8-9.8-8.4-16.4-8.4-14.7 0-23.6 11-23.6 25.1 0 13.5 9.5 24.5 23.8 24.5 6 0 12.1-2.3 15.6-7h0.2v3.5c0 9.5-3.6 16-15.1 16-6.7 0-11.6-2.5-16.4-6.9l-7.2 9.8c6.8 6 14.8 7.9 23.7 7.9 18.6 0 27-10.9 27-28.2v-43.5h-11.4z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_right-0rIQ7fk-KaE-"><a class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_subscribeButtonContainer-qrdypN163Cs-" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/subscriptions?in_source=nav-mobileweb" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer"><span class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_subscribeButton-GzFf5a3agro-">Subscribe</span></a><button aria-label="Sign In" data-testid="sign-in-button" class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_signInButton-NjOyFCGDTLw-"><svg class="media-ui-LogoBarMobile_userAccountProfile-644SuzfoX4I-" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" width="100%" height="100%" fill="none" viewBox="0 0 24 24"><path fill="currentColor" fill-rule="evenodd" d="M12 12a5 5 0 1 0 0-10 5 5 0 0 0 0 10Zm-2 2a8 8 0 0 0-8 8h20a8 8 0 0 0-8-8h-4Z" clip-rule="evenodd"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></div></div></div><div><div class="media-ui-BreakingNews_breakingNews-Sg6Pd76ZazY-" data-component="breaking-news"><div class="media-ui-BreakingNews_contentContainer-uWHeu8Mu4p4- styles_gridNavDesktop__RneVn"><a class="media-ui-BreakingNews_linkContainer-A4ymmLDasYc-" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/news/live-blog/2026-04-30/ecb-interest-rate-decision-euro-lagarde-press-conference-live-updates"><div class="media-ui-BreakingNews_identifier-26mz-o8S4ww-">BREAKING</div><div class="media-ui-BreakingNews_headline-iqj-BK3w2sw-">ECB Says Risks to Inflation, Growth Have Intensified</div><div class="media-ui-BreakingNews_readMore-MPy55X3VI2Q-">Read more</div></a><button class="media-ui-IconButton_wrapper-ZtMlyZ3p34k- media-ui-IconButton_default-OUq-rV0XCU4- media-ui-BreakingNews_iconButton-omiS-oDF-L4- icon-button" title="" data-component="icon-button" type="button" aria-label=""><svg width="24" height="24" viewBox="0 0 24 24" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" aria-label="Exit"><title>Exit</title><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M21.45 3.45L20.55 2.55L12 11.1L3.45 2.55L2.55 3.45L11.1 12L2.55 20.55L3.45 21.45L12 12.9L20.55 21.45L21.45 20.55L12.9 12L21.45 3.45Z" fill="currentColor"></path></svg></button></div></div></div></nav></div><div id="that-jump-content" style="height:0;width:0"></div><div class=""><div class="gridLayout_gridLayout__zTmc7"><section data-zoneid="Header" data-zonekind="full" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM SectionFrontHeaderBrand_hasLinks__m40_D gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_SectionFrontHeaderBrand__EEBd3" id="header_text" data-module-index="1" data-canonical="header_text" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="SectionFrontHeaderBrand" data-tracking-title="Header Text" data-parent-id="975bab9d-46ae-45f9-b6e3-d76c7e4ad5d4" data-story-count="11" data-module-id="975bab9d-46ae-45f9-b6e3-d76c7e4ad5d4"><div class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_titleContainer__FgANC"><h3 data-component="title" class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_title__RyJct typography_coreHeadlineXl__SL_27 typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB">CityLab</h3></div><ul class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_links__YqCex"><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design">Design</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/culture">Culture</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/transportation">Transportation</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/environment">Environment</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/economy">Economy</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/housing">Housing</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/justice">Justice</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/government">Government</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/technology">Technology</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/perspective">Perspective</a></li><li class="SectionFrontHeaderBrand_link__JxlxC"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/solutions">Solutions</a></li></ul></section></div></section></section><section data-zoneid="Top Zone" data-zonekind="righty" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM LineupContent2Up_grid__VJWXs" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent2Up_LineupContentTwoUp__i5U0x" id="top_single_story" data-module-index="1" data-canonical="top_single_story" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent2Up" data-tracking-title="Top Single Story" data-parent-id="7f380449-6536-4d4e-9bf4-fb3bed40df24" data-story-count="2" data-module-id="7f380449-6536-4d4e-9bf4-fb3bed40df24"><div class="LineupContent2Up_story__6VATd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent2Up_media__rCfrF" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/600x400.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/1200x800.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/459x306.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/918x612.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/600x400.jpg" data-component="image" alt="BARCELONA MADRID COMP" loading="eager"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Getty Images</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent2Up_storyContent__5Vl1z"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Spain’s Largest Cities Diverge Paths to Tackle a Housing Crisis</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">While Madrid is setting higher construction targets, Barcelona is pushing harder on regulation.</section></div></a><a href="/news/features/2026-04-27/madrid-s-new-luxury-amenities-are-threatening-the-city-s-laid-back-nightlife" data-component="imageless-card" data-link-type="Story" data-link-index="1" data-link-related-type="Related" data-link-related-index="1" class="Card_small__7qQqv Card_card__P_N28 Card_imagelessCard__F98eR"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Madrid Locals Are Fighting to Preserve the City’s Soul</span></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent2Up_story__6VATd"><a href="/news/features/2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent2Up_media__rCfrF" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/600x400.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/1200x800.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/459x306.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/918x612.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/600x400.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Goethe-Institut Dakar" loading="eager"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Iwan Baan</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent2Up_storyContent__5Vl1z"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>In Dakar, a Cultural Center Grows Around a Baobab Tree</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">Francis Kéré’s design for the Goethe-Institut Dakar draws on the Burkinabé architect’s practice of using sustainable and climate-resilient local materials. </section></div></a></div></div></section></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent3Up_LineupContent3Up__2nX_M" id="top_stories" data-module-index="2" data-canonical="top_stories" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent3Up" data-tracking-title="Top Stories" data-parent-id="ed8128f5-89f0-469f-8005-f0e828104a16" data-story-count="18" data-module-id="ed8128f5-89f0-469f-8005-f0e828104a16"><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="LineupContent3Up_items__W0hmW"><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/newsletters/2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="London Marathon Canary Wharf" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/newsletters/2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How a Marathon Shaped London’s Canary Wharf District</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG"><a href="/news/features/2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>For Better or Worse, the New LACMA Is an Instant LA Icon</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="3" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Why Cities Shouldn’t Fall For the Robotaxi Hype</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="4" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A Rocket-Inspired Skyscraper Is Morocco&#x27;s Latest Drawcard</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="5" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Searching for the ‘Smoking Gun’ in US Pedestrian Deaths</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="6" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Global Cities Relearn an Old Lesson: How to Weather an Oil Shock</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/features/2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Single-Family Homes Aren&#x27;t Just for Nuclear Families" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="7" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Single-Family Homes Aren&#x27;t Just for Nuclear Families</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Trump’s Monumental Arch" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="8" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Trump’s ‘Triumphal Arch’ Is Vastly Larger Than Other Washington Monuments</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/features/2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="9" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Inside Bucharest’s Accidental Urban Wilderness</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="10" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>What Bikers Really Need in the Global South</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Singapore’s New Worker Dorm Tests Government’s Public Health Pledge" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="11" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Singapore’s New Worker Dorm Tests Government’s Public Health Pledge</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Trump&#x27;s Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who&#x27;s Who Of US Oil" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="12" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Despite Court Order, White House Ballroom Gets Final Approval</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="13" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>The Nonprofit Group Disrupting the Homeless Services Sector</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="14" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>What Urban Planning’s Past Says About Tomorrow’s Cities</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="London Urgently Needs New Homes. Why Can’t It Build Them?" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="15" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>London Urgently Needs New Homes. Why Can’t It Build Them?</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_bottomRowOfThree__Nc_Vo"><a href="/news/articles/2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="16" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>In Parks and on Rooftops, Urban Beekeeping Takes Flight</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_middleOfThree__Vw1cG LineupContent3Up_bottomRowOfTwo__dzKfo LineupContent3Up_bottomRowOfThree__Nc_Vo"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Mexico City Evictions Make Way for Pricier Housing" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="17" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Mexico City Evictions Make Way for Pricier Housing</span></div></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent3Up_item__xPppd LineupContent3Up_bottomRowOfTwo__dzKfo LineupContent3Up_bottomRowOfThree__Nc_Vo"><a href="/news/articles/2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent3Up_media__Uh84Y" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/330x220.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/660x440.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/265x177.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/530x353.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/330x220.jpg" data-component="image" alt="US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContent3Up_storyContent__McHgO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="18" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Could Congestion Pricing Pay Off for Chicago?</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContentTopic_LineupContentTopic__G2vQ6 LineupContentTopic_leftContentWell__sL8tK" id="top_stories_1" data-module-index="3" data-canonical="top_stories_1" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContentTopic" data-tracking-title="Top Stories 2" data-parent-id="db6bd343-0050-431e-9634-478c85c4d569" data-story-count="3" data-module-id="db6bd343-0050-431e-9634-478c85c4d569"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB">Housing</h3></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="LineupContentTopic_stories__QrqAK"><div class="LineupContentTopic_primaryStory__fEGY9"><a href="/news/features/2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentTopic_primaryStoryMedia__AvvuX" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/247x165.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/494x329.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Trump’s Housing Chief Wants to Build, But With What?" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Isabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentTopic_primaryStoryBlock__8iVRO"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u Headline_feature__fQGxR typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Trump’s Housing Chief Wants to Build, But With What?</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">HUD Secretary Scott Turner says it’s time to put millions more Americans in homes. He’s also standing by while his agency’s staff and funding disappear.</section></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContentTopic_supportingStories__quDRg"><div class="LineupContentTopic_secondaryStories__8YT74" data-testid="secondary-stories" data-component="secondary-stories"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2025-10-14/after-bronx-public-housing-collapse-hud-laid-off-its-building-inspectors?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContentTopic_secondaryStory__XOOJy StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Affordable Housing Left Vulnerable After Trump Fires Building Inspectors</span></div></div></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2025-11-06/london-senior-housing-project-to-combat-loneliness-wins-riba-s-stirling-prize?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="3" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContentTopic_secondaryStory__XOOJy StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A Housing Complex Designed to Tackle Loneliness Wins Britain’s Best Building</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></div></section></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM" data-component="grid-module"><div data-component="placeholder"><div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div></div></div></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_shadowGrid__gXAyl VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO" data-component="grid-module"><section class="" id="shadow_multimedia_box" data-module-index="5" data-canonical="multimedia_box" data-module-provenance="shadow" data-component="LineupContentCarouselBasic" data-tracking-title="Multimedia Box" data-parent-id="10a8cd9a-c553-4ac1-8355-088719d15f8d" data-story-count="5" data-module-id="10a8cd9a-c553-4ac1-8355-088719d15f8d"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design">Design</a></h3></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="styles_animatedBox__udOxd"><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Photo courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_contentWellTextContent__2jBl0"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Jeff Goldberg/Esto</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_contentWellTextContent__2jBl0"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Hayward Gallery, London" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Chris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_contentWellTextContent__2jBl0"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Britain Says It Hates Brutalism. London Can’t Get Enough of Southbank Centre.</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">Once dubbed Britain’s ugliest building, the Brutalist arts complex known as the Southbank Centre is now a protected site drawing throngs of Londoners.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee." loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Jon Hicks/Stone RF</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_contentWellTextContent__2jBl0"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>In Memphis, an Architectural Oddity From the 1980s Is Ready for a Revival</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">Mud Island Park, home to a forgotten Brutalist entertainment complex and a broken monorail, tries to shake off the dust after years of neglect.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Photographer: Barrett Doherty</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_contentWellTextContent__2jBl0"><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineLg__It0HJ typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 Headline_large__BPshg StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">After a $1.45 billion makeover, East River Park promises to use massive sea walls and earthen berms to protect Lower Manhattan from flooding. But for how long?</section></div></a></div></div></span></div><div class="styles_carouselNav__Mgj6h"><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv"></div><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv"><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb styles_activeDot__jPGWM" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span></div><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv styles_navSectionButtons__1KL9y"><button disabled="" aria-label="navigate left"><div class="styles_navButtonContainer__ITi4C styles_inactiveButton__0VSCC"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m5.948 7.997 5.025 5.029-.975.974-6-6.004 6-5.996.975.975-5.025 5.022Z" fill="#B3B3B3"></path></svg></div></button><button aria-label="navigate right"><div class="styles_navButtonContainer__ITi4C styles_activeButton__qUIsE"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.053 8.003 5.027 2.974 6.002 2l6 6.004-6 5.996-.975-.975 5.026-5.022Z" fill="#000"></path></svg></div></button></div></div></div></section></div></section><section data-column="2"><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM" data-component="grid-module"><div data-component="placeholder"><div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div><div class="media-ui-Placeholder_shimmeringLine-eiuBL5rgMWw-" data-component="placeholder-line"></div></div></div></div><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-BaseAd_adPlaceholder-W4Hid5G045M- media-ui-BoxAd_boxAd-rTusT9mNmWo- ad_newDesktopBoxStandard__UdQey ad_useGrid__UVTaF ad_newDesktopBoxStandardGrid__wCu8h" data-component="box-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div id="" data-testid="sparkle-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" class=""></div></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="" id="multimedia_box" data-module-index="3" data-canonical="multimedia_box" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContentCarouselBasic" data-tracking-title="Multimedia Box" data-parent-id="10a8cd9a-c553-4ac1-8355-088719d15f8d" data-story-count="5" data-module-id="10a8cd9a-c553-4ac1-8355-088719d15f8d"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design">Design</a></h3></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="styles_animatedBox__udOxd"><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_gridRightRail__wsq5r LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Photo courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class=""><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_gridRightRail__wsq5r LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Jeff Goldberg/Esto</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class=""><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_gridRightRail__wsq5r LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Hayward Gallery, London" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Chris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class=""><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Britain Says It Hates Brutalism. London Can’t Get Enough of Southbank Centre.</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">Once dubbed Britain’s ugliest building, the Brutalist arts complex known as the Southbank Centre is now a protected site drawing throngs of Londoners.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_gridRightRail__wsq5r LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee." loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Jon Hicks/Stone RF</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class=""><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>In Memphis, an Architectural Oddity From the 1980s Is Ready for a Revival</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">Mud Island Park, home to a forgotten Brutalist entertainment complex and a broken monorail, tries to shake off the dust after years of neglect.</section></div></a></div></div></span><span class="styles_animatedCard__GleBs styles_nextCard__2WhVw"><div class="LineupContentCarouselBasic_gridRightRail__wsq5r LineupContentCarouselBasic_container__7aalg"><a href="/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContentCarouselBasic_media__nlvFW" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/715x477.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/1430x953.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/353x235.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/706x471.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/715x477.jpg" data-component="image" alt="New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas" loading="lazy"/></picture><figcaption class="styles_caption__cUWm8" data-component="lazy-image-caption">Photographer: Barrett Doherty</figcaption></figure></section></a><div class=""><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X StoryBlock_storyBlockSummary__tB7BK" data-component="summary">After a $1.45 billion makeover, East River Park promises to use massive sea walls and earthen berms to protect Lower Manhattan from flooding. But for how long?</section></div></a></div></div></span></div><div class="styles_carouselNav__Mgj6h"><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv"></div><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv"><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb styles_activeDot__jPGWM" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span><span class="styles_dot__4CJdb" aria-label="navigation dot" role="button" tabindex="0"></span></div><div class="styles_navSection__IZYQv styles_navSectionButtons__1KL9y"><button disabled="" aria-label="navigate left"><div class="styles_navButtonContainer__ITi4C styles_inactiveButton__0VSCC"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="m5.948 7.997 5.025 5.029-.975.974-6-6.004 6-5.996.975.975-5.025 5.022Z" fill="#B3B3B3"></path></svg></div></button><button aria-label="navigate right"><div class="styles_navButtonContainer__ITi4C styles_activeButton__qUIsE"><svg width="16" height="16" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path d="M10.053 8.003 5.027 2.974 6.002 2l6 6.004-6 5.996-.975-.975 5.026-5.022Z" fill="#000"></path></svg></div></button></div></div></div></section></div></section></section><section data-zoneid="Topic Package Zone" data-zonekind="full" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent4Up_LineupContent4Up__BH2nK" id="topic_package_3" data-module-index="1" data-canonical="topic_package_3" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent4Up" data-tracking-title="Topic Package 3" data-parent-id="14b48ddb-453d-4f0a-85bf-206915f0f944" data-story-count="4" data-module-id="14b48ddb-453d-4f0a-85bf-206915f0f944"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB">MapLab</h3></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="LineupContent4Up_items__0KrNB"><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/newsletters/2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs " loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/newsletters/2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>The Life of the Most-Used Citi Bike in New York City</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/newsletters/2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="How Trump Put ‘Gulf of America’ on the Map" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/newsletters/2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Trump Put ‘Gulf of America’ on the Map</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/newsletters/2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/newsletters/2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="3" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Where Is Traveling by Train a Good Option in the US?</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/newsletters/2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/newsletters/2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="4" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How We Mapped Nightmare Commutes on NJ Transit</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></section></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent4Up_LineupContent4Up__BH2nK" id="topic_package_1" data-module-index="2" data-canonical="topic_package_1" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent4Up" data-tracking-title="Topic Package 1" data-parent-id="432abd88-c04f-486d-b953-434538c6fc59" data-story-count="4" data-module-id="432abd88-c04f-486d-b953-434538c6fc59"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab-building-design">Look at That Building</a></h3><div class="ModuleHeader_subtitle__xXkeZ typography_articleDek__A_HWs">A series for the architecturally curious.</div></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="LineupContent4Up_items__0KrNB"><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Look at that Building: Cadence in London" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A London Apartment Tower With Echoes of Victorian Rail and Ancient Rome</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="This Skinny Mexico City Tower Is Just 14 Feet Wide on One Side" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>This Skinny Mexico City Tower Is Just 14 Feet Wide on One Side</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="3" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Chicago’s Gigantic Merchandise Mart Is Still Thriving as Office Space</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Book Tower" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="4" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Detroit Reclaimed a Towering Relic From the Roaring ’20s</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></section></div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent4Up_LineupContent4Up__BH2nK" id="topic_package_2" data-module-index="3" data-canonical="topic_package_2" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent4Up" data-tracking-title="Topic Package 2" data-parent-id="959fa469-8741-4132-b8b7-c110906efe0d" data-story-count="4" data-module-id="959fa469-8741-4132-b8b7-c110906efe0d"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB"><a href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab-home-designs">Iconic Homes That Define Global Cities</a></h3><div class="ModuleHeader_subtitle__xXkeZ typography_articleDek__A_HWs">How the way we live has shaped the history and architecture of urban neighborhoods.</div></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div class="LineupContent4Up_items__0KrNB"><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Gers in Ulaanbaatar" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="1" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>An Affordable Nomadic Home Design Struggles to Adapt to Urban Life</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="2" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Edinburgh Tenements Became an Urban Housing Blueprint</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="South Korea Apartments" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="3" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Corporations Created the Prototypical Seoul Apartment</span></div></div></a></div><div class="LineupContent4Up_item__8HDQH LineupContent4Up_bottomOfTwo__JkCds LineupContent4Up_bottomOfFour__POJs3"><a href="/news/features/2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4Up_media__Z0Twm" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/370x247.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/740x493.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/300x200.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/600x400.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/370x247.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a><a class="StoryBlock_storyLink__5nXw8" href="/news/features/2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings?srnd=phx-citylab" data-link-index="4" data-component="story-link"><div class="LineupContent4Up_storyBlock__1IGqm StoryBlock_storyBlock__ja_vR StoryBlock_secondaryStory__umGlh" data-component="story-block"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9 StoryBlock_storyBlockHeadline__JUBx6" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>How Mansion Blocks Filled London With Stacks of Flats</span></div></div></a></div></div></div></section></div></section></section><section data-zoneid="Ad Zone" data-zonekind="full" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-FullWidthAd_fullWidthAd-waQ2dCOMRb8- media-ui-ImmersiveAd_immersive-DKpmbm3v2oE- ad_newDesktopImmersive__9jayU ad_useGrid__UVTaF" data-component="immersive-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Immersive advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div id="" data-testid="sparkle-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" class=""></div></div><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-FullWidthAd_fullWidthAd-waQ2dCOMRb8- media-ui-ImmersiveAd_immersive-DKpmbm3v2oE- ad_newTabletImmersive__rMDAx ad_useGrid__UVTaF" data-component="immersive-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Immersive advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div id="" data-testid="sparkle-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" class=""></div></div><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-FullWidthAd_fullWidthAd-waQ2dCOMRb8- media-ui-ImmersiveAd_immersive-DKpmbm3v2oE- ad_newMobileImmersive__liMFv ad_useGrid__UVTaF" data-component="immersive-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Immersive advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div id="" data-testid="sparkle-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" class=""></div></div></section></section><section data-zoneid="Topic Package Zone 2" data-zonekind="full" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM LineupContent4UpVideo_grid__5GA4u gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContent4UpVideo_LineupContent4UpVideo__VrYsc" id="video_package" data-module-index="1" data-canonical="video_package" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContent4UpVideo" data-tracking-title="Video Package" data-parent-id="fb590052-7302-40cd-9b5f-144698c7d4ce" data-story-count="4" data-module-id="fb590052-7302-40cd-9b5f-144698c7d4ce"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB">Videos</h3></div><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_stories__kKsoC"><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_story__oghAB"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4UpVideo_image__VJo5R" data-component="media--videoImage"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIconWithDuration__CiPux" data-component="play-icon-with-duration"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIcon__ABe70"><svg class="PlayIconWithDuration_icon__6woK7" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20 40C31.0457 40 40 31.0457 40 20C40 8.9543 31.0457 0 20 0C8.9543 0 0 8.9543 0 20C0 31.0457 8.9543 40 20 40ZM16 27L28 20L16 13L16 27Z" data-component="inner-circle"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M28 20L16 27L16 13L28 20Z" data-component="icon"></path><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"></circle></svg></div><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_duration__4Siw4">9:44</div></div><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.78"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/150x84.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/300x169.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/300x169.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/600x338.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/150x84.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure><div class="Media_gradient__OQE8M"></div></section></a><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyContent__8Z_Al" data-component="story-block"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyLink__x3Qbd" data-link-index="1"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics</span></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_story__oghAB"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4UpVideo_image__VJo5R" data-component="media--videoImage"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIconWithDuration__CiPux" data-component="play-icon-with-duration"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIcon__ABe70"><svg class="PlayIconWithDuration_icon__6woK7" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20 40C31.0457 40 40 31.0457 40 20C40 8.9543 31.0457 0 20 0C8.9543 0 0 8.9543 0 20C0 31.0457 8.9543 40 20 40ZM16 27L28 20L16 13L16 27Z" data-component="inner-circle"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M28 20L16 27L16 13L28 20Z" data-component="icon"></path><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"></circle></svg></div><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_duration__4Siw4">13:36</div></div><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.78"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/150x84.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/300x169.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/300x169.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/600x338.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/150x84.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure><div class="Media_gradient__OQE8M"></div></section></a><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyContent__8Z_Al" data-component="story-block"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyLink__x3Qbd" data-link-index="2"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat</span></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_story__oghAB"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4UpVideo_image__VJo5R" data-component="media--videoImage"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIconWithDuration__CiPux" data-component="play-icon-with-duration"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIcon__ABe70"><svg class="PlayIconWithDuration_icon__6woK7" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20 40C31.0457 40 40 31.0457 40 20C40 8.9543 31.0457 0 20 0C8.9543 0 0 8.9543 0 20C0 31.0457 8.9543 40 20 40ZM16 27L28 20L16 13L16 27Z" data-component="inner-circle"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M28 20L16 27L16 13L28 20Z" data-component="icon"></path><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"></circle></svg></div><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_duration__4Siw4">11:54</div></div><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.78"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/150x84.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/300x169.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/300x169.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/600x338.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/150x84.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure><div class="Media_gradient__OQE8M"></div></section></a><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyContent__8Z_Al" data-component="story-block"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyLink__x3Qbd" data-link-index="3"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions</span></div></a></div></div><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_story__oghAB"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY LineupContent4UpVideo_image__VJo5R" data-component="media--videoImage"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIconWithDuration__CiPux" data-component="play-icon-with-duration"><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_playIcon__ABe70"><svg class="PlayIconWithDuration_icon__6woK7" width="40" height="40" viewBox="0 0 40 40" fill="none" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg"><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M20 40C31.0457 40 40 31.0457 40 20C40 8.9543 31.0457 0 20 0C8.9543 0 0 8.9543 0 20C0 31.0457 8.9543 40 20 40ZM16 27L28 20L16 13L16 27Z" data-component="inner-circle"></path><path fill-rule="evenodd" clip-rule="evenodd" d="M28 20L16 27L16 13L28 20Z" data-component="icon"></path><circle cx="20" cy="20" r="19" stroke="white" stroke-width="2"></circle></svg></div><div class="PlayIconWithDuration_duration__4Siw4">6:37</div></div><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.78"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/150x84.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/300x169.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/300x169.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/600x338.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/150x84.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia&#x27;s Invasion" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure><div class="Media_gradient__OQE8M"></div></section></a><div class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyContent__8Z_Al" data-component="story-block"><a href="/news/videos/2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video?srnd=phx-citylab" class="LineupContent4UpVideo_storyLink__x3Qbd" data-link-index="4"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineXs__fHPWg typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia&#x27;s Invasion</span></div></a></div></div></div></section></div></section></section><section data-zoneid="Archive Zone" data-zonekind="righty" data-component="zone"><section data-column="1"><div><div class="gridModule_gridModule___HgOM VariantBase_gridModuleWithHeader__84xnO gridModule_isLastInColumn__dnPkh" data-component="grid-module"><section class="LineupContentArchive_LineupContentArchive__6yp9k" id="archive_story_list" data-module-index="1" data-canonical="archive_story_list" data-module-provenance="canonical" data-component="LineupContentArchive" data-tracking-title="Archive Story List" data-parent-id="d9a1684d-5a87-4107-8c9c-fb0c7fde48b8" data-story-count="10" data-module-id="d9a1684d-5a87-4107-8c9c-fb0c7fde48b8"><div class="ModuleHeader_ModuleHeader__yI3XP" data-component="module-header"><h3 data-component="title" class="ModuleHeader_title__eAyEi typography_coreHeadlineXxs__I27qw typography_core__ts8O_ typography_coreHeadline__Vh_JB">More CityLab news</h3></div><div class="VariantBase_headerSiblingContainer__3nEJ6"><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>23 hr ago</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>23 hr ago</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Burnham Urges New Direction After May Vote Labour’s Set to Lose</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 29, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 29, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X styles_itemSummary__wlFaB" data-component="summary">In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.</section></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 29, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 29, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Cities Need to Boost Green Investment for Safety, EIB Chief Says</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Nadia Calviño on April 29." loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 28, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 28, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Vornado to Buy Stake in NYC Office Tower Valued at $1.1 Billion</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 27, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 27, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>NY-NJ Gateway Tunnel Awards Contract to Dig Under Hudson River</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City&#x27;s Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 27, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 27, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/features/2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Auge turístico y altos alquileres amenazan la cultura y los comercios tradicionales de Madrid</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X styles_itemSummary__wlFaB" data-component="summary">Mientras la ciudad se transforma en un destino turístico de lujo, los pequeños negocios en dificultades luchan por conservar el carácter que atrajo a tantos turistas en un principio.</section></a></div><a href="/news/features/2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="Auge turístico y altos alquileres amenazan la cultura y los comercios tradicionales de Madrid" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 23, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 23, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Trump Plans Swim Coating for Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 23, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 23, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-23/woodside-agm-protest-signals-pressure-on-australia-s-lng-sector?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Woodside AGM Protest Signals Pressure on Australia’s LNG Sector</span></div></a></div><div class="styles_itemMediaPlaceholder__l7LaA"></div></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 22, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 22, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Johannesburg Woes Deepen as Key Funder Rejects Loan Request</span></div></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div><div class="styles_itemContainer__t2ZQc"><div class="styles_desktopTimestamp__dNJ97"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 21, 2026</time></div></div><div class="styles_itemTextContainer__bXUtK"><div class="styles_mobileTimestamp__PP_5O"><div class="styles_itemTimestamp__mA_yO typography_articleLabel__G1TBw typography_articleLabelBase__4WylQ"><time>April 21, 2026</time></div></div><a class="styles_itemLink__VgyXJ" href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab"><div class="Headline_phoenix__Dvz0u typography_articleHeadlineSm__ojOIb typography_articleHeadline__qd_T9" data-component="headline" data-testid="headline"><span>Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint</span></div><section class="Summary_summary__XZwyt typography_articleDek__A_HWs Summary_bottomMargin__cnu_X styles_itemSummary__wlFaB" data-component="summary">The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.</section></a></div><a href="/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab" class="Media_imageOverlayLink__Mu66J Media_linkedImage__1R4j5" data-component="image-media-link"><section class="Media_image__n9qKY styles_itemMedia__9mQHp" data-component="media--defaultImage"><figure data-component="lazy-image"><picture class="styles_lazy___9s4S" style="--aspect-ratio:1.5"><source media="screen and (max-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/103x69.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/206x137.webp 2x"/><source media="screen and (min-width: 759px)" srcSet="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/195x130.webp 1x, https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/390x260.webp 2x"/><img src="https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/103x69.jpg" data-component="image" alt="David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman" loading="lazy"/></picture></figure></section></a></div></div><div class="styles_paginationContainer__dynoj"></div></div></section></div></div></section><section data-column="2"><div class="media-ui-BaseAd_baseAd-dXBqvbLRJy0- media-ui-BoxAd_boxAd-rTusT9mNmWo- ad_newDesktopBoxFlex__lo7LR ad_useGrid__UVTaF" data-component="box-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" role="region" aria-label="Advertisement" aria-busy="true"><div id="" data-testid="sparkle-ad" data-ad-status="rendering" class=""></div></div></section></section></div></div><div class="media-ui-Footer_footerContainer-48Eos3T24SA- media-ui-Footer_dark-zNOaDG22onM- footer" data-component="footer"><div class="media-ui-Footer_topContent-pbN5-5sK798- styles_gridFooter__fc5cS"><div class="media-ui-Footer_logo-u0pZo99AdPk-"><div class="media-ui-Logo_logo-08Z6l4waIQI- media-ui-Logo_dark-8-AT52-hX7Q-" aria-label="logo" data-component="logo"><a href="/" class="media-ui-Logo_logo-08Z6l4waIQI-"><svg width="100%" height="100%" version="1.1" viewBox="429.6 479.5 476.4 96.1" xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" role="img" fill="currentColor" aria-label="Bloomberg" data-component="bloombergLogo"><rect fill="none" x="429.5" y="479.5" width="480.2" height="100.2"></rect><path fill="currentColor" d="m442.1 491.9h10.4c9.5 0 13.6 3 13.6 9.1 0 5.3-4.2 8.9-12.5 8.9h-11.4v-18zm-12.5 59.7h25.4c13.3 0 26.7-4.8 26.7-20.1 0-9.1-6.4-16-15.2-17v-0.2c7.3-2.2 12.2-7.5 12.2-15.4 0-12.8-10.9-17.7-21.6-17.7h-27.5v70.4zm12.5-31h12c10.2 0 14.9 2.6 14.9 10 0 9.3-9 10.4-15.4 10.4h-11.5v-20.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m489.8 479.5h11.9v72.1h-11.9v-72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m521.7 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.7 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-11.9 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.5 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m579.1 527.7c0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3 8.8 0 14 6.9 14 14.3 0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0.1-14-6.8-14-14.3zm-12 0c0 15 11.5 25.1 26 25.1 14.4 0 26-10.1 26-25.1s-11.5-25.1-26-25.1c-14.4 0.1-26 10.1-26 25.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m626.4 503.9h11.3v7.5h0.2c2.1-4.5 6.7-8.7 14.6-8.7 7.4 0 12.4 2.9 14.9 8.9 3.5-6.1 8.6-8.9 15.7-8.9 12.7 0 17.2 9.1 17.2 20.5v28.5h-11.9v-27.1c0-6-1.8-11.1-8.9-11.1-7.5 0-10.3 6.2-10.3 12.3v25.9h-11.9v-28.5c0-5.9-2.4-9.8-8.2-9.8-7.9 0-10.9 5.8-10.9 12.1v26.1h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m749.7 527.7c0 7.5-5.3 14.3-14 14.3-8.8 0-14-6.9-14-14.3 0-7.5 5.3-14.3 14-14.3s14 6.9 14 14.3zm-39.6 23.9h11.3v-7.2h0.2c3.5 5.8 9.8 8.4 16.4 8.4 14.7 0 23.6-10.9 23.6-25.1 0-14.1-9.5-25.1-23.1-25.1-9 0-13.7 4.2-16.2 7.3h-0.3v-30.4h-11.9v72.1z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m779 523c0.9-6.9 5.3-11.3 12.3-11.3 7.5 0 12 4.4 12.1 11.3h-24.4zm36.4 8.9v-3.3c0-16.6-9.1-26-22.4-26-14.4 0-26 10.1-26 25.1s11.5 25.1 26 25.1c7.6 0 14.6-2.7 20.2-9.6l-8.6-6.5c-3 3.7-6.9 6.5-12.8 6.5-6.7 0-12-4.3-12.8-11.3h36.4z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m823.2 503.9h11.9v7.6h0.2c2.6-5.5 7.9-8.8 14.1-8.8 1.5 0 2.9 0.3 4.3 0.7v11.5c-2-0.5-3.9-0.9-5.8-0.9-11.2 0-12.8 9.5-12.8 12v25.6h-11.9v-47.7z"></path><path fill="currentColor" d="m880.5 513.4c8.7 0 14.1 5.8 14.1 14 0 8-5.4 14-14.2 14-8.1 0-14-6.3-14-13.8 0-8.4 5.7-14.2 14.1-14.2zm14.1-9.5v7.2h-0.2c-3.5-5.8-9.8-8.4-16.4-8.4-14.7 0-23.6 11-23.6 25.1 0 13.5 9.5 24.5 23.8 24.5 6 0 12.1-2.3 15.6-7h0.2v3.5c0 9.5-3.6 16-15.1 16-6.7 0-11.6-2.5-16.4-6.9l-7.2 9.8c6.8 6 14.8 7.9 23.7 7.9 18.6 0 27-10.9 27-28.2v-43.5h-11.4z"></path></svg></a></div></div><div class="styles_gridFooter__fc5cS media-ui-DropdownMenuDesktop_dropdownContainer-Nvj2M1mpZek- media-ui-DropdownMenuDesktop_dark-OjY8kqnMIt4-" aria-label="dropdown-menu-desktop" data-component="dropdown-menu-desktop" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu"><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuDesktopContainer-ZG61n79JQtY- media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_dark-chhx-Ls2d3U-" aria-label="submenu-desktop" data-component="submenu-desktop"><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/">Home</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/live">BTV+</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks">Market Data</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion">Opinion</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/audio">Audio</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/originals">Originals</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek">Magazine</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/live-events">Events</a></div><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuDesktopContainer-ZG61n79JQtY- media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_dark-chhx-Ls2d3U-" aria-label="submenu-desktop" data-component="submenu-desktop"><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuText-fStbtfbPGdI-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="news">News</div><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets">Markets</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/economics">Economics</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/technology">Technology</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/politics">Politics</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/green">Green</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/crypto">Crypto</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/ai">AI</a></div><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuDesktopContainer-ZG61n79JQtY- media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_dark-chhx-Ls2d3U-" aria-label="submenu-desktop" data-component="submenu-desktop"><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuText-fStbtfbPGdI-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="work_life">Work &amp; Life</div><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/wealth">Wealth</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits">Pursuits</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek">Businessweek</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab">CityLab</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/business-of-sports">Sports</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/equality">Equality</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/management-work">Management &amp; Work</a></div><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuDesktopContainer-ZG61n79JQtY- media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_dark-chhx-Ls2d3U-" aria-label="submenu-desktop" data-component="submenu-desktop"><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuText-fStbtfbPGdI-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="market_data">Market Data</div><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks">Stocks</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities">Commodities</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds">Rates &amp; Bonds</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/currencies">Currencies</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks/futures">Futures</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/sectors">Sectors</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/economic-calendar">Economic Calendar</a></div><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuDesktopContainer-ZG61n79JQtY- media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_dark-chhx-Ls2d3U-" aria-label="submenu-desktop" data-component="submenu-desktop"><div class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_submenuText-fStbtfbPGdI-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="explore">Explore</div><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters">Newsletters</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/explainers">Explainers</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="http://www.bloomberg.com/games/pointed?in_source=footer">Pointed News Quiz</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/games/alphadots?in_source=nav">Alphadots Game</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/bigtake">The Big Take</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics">Graphics</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://www.bloomberg.com/tips/">Submit a Tip</a><a class="media-ui-SubmenuDesktop_link-B9b8-zDvba4-" data-menuid="footer-items-menu" data-submenuid="footer-items-menu" href="https://bloomberg.com/context">About Us</a></div></div></div><div class="media-ui-Footer_bottomContent-FGNwwTOXYJc- styles_gridFooter__fc5cS"><div class="media-ui-Footer_bottomLeftContent-BOyobil9rv4-"><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Terms of Service</a><button class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" id="cmp-footer-link" data-testid="cmp-footer-link" data-lang="en" type="button">Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information</button><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Trademarks</a><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Privacy Policy</a></div><div class="media-ui-Footer_bottomRightContent--131BbNfIQg-"><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Careers</a><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Advertise</a><div class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-"><a data-testid="footer-link">Ad Choices</a><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 24 24" width="12" height="12"><path d="M.594.695l-.594.7v10.707c0 10.488.008 10.718.477 11.3.73.914 1.933.82 4.039-.324.933-.508 1.8-1.113 1.925-1.344.407-.746.266-1.55-.336-1.937-.48-.309-.699-.324-1.421-.09-.79.258-.891.238-1.274-.23-.387-.465-.422-1.079-.422-7.563 0-6.023.055-7.133.36-7.562.199-.278.562-.504.816-.504.504 0 12.707 6.804 13.414 7.48.848.809.258 1.332-3.883 3.457-2.105 1.086-3.851 1.969-3.875 1.969-.023 0-.011-.996.028-2.215.062-1.98.02-2.281-.422-2.832-.586-.734-1.371-.789-1.973-.137-.39.426-.437.856-.437 4.059 0 3.476.015 3.598.558 4.164.348.367.805.586 1.219.586.785 0 12.71-6.29 13.613-7.176l.586-.578.067 5.066c.035 2.786.066.172.066-5.804 0-5.977-.031-8.582-.066-5.793l-.067 5.078-.629-.586C22.02 10.262 17.547 7.75 12.426 5 2.012-.594 1.773-.68.594.695M.105 12.113c0 5.977.032 8.39.067 5.364.035-3.032.035-7.922 0-10.872-.035-2.949-.067-.468-.067 5.508m7.407-4c-.692.75-.301 2.239.613 2.328 1.445.145 2.223-1.093 1.406-2.238-.441-.625-1.488-.668-2.02-.09" fill-rule="evenodd" fill="#04accc"></path></svg></div><a class="media-ui-Footer_link-eSdhpCwbm6w-" data-testid="footer-link">Help</a><span class="media-ui-Footer_copyright-c6BP90zMB1Y-">©2026 Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.</span></div></div></div></div></div></div></main></div><script id="__NEXT_DATA__" type="application/json">{"props":{"pageProps":{"initialState":{"curation":{"locale":null,"id":"phx-citylab","title":"CityLab","description":"Bloomberg CityLab reports on the world’s cities, communities, and neighborhoods: How they work, the challenges they face, and the solutions they need.","brand":"industries","path":"/phx-citylab","theme":null,"image":null,"zones":[{"name":"Header","kind":"full","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"header_text","type":"section_front_header","variation":"brand","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"},{"name":"Top Zone","kind":"righty","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"top_single_story","type":"lineup_content","variation":"2_up","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"top_stories","type":"lineup_content","variation":"3_up","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"top_stories_1","type":"lineup_content","variation":"topic","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"shadow_newsletter_sign_up","type":"lineup_content","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"shadow_multimedia_box","type":"lineup_content","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"},{"modules":[{"id":"newsletter_sign_up","type":"newsletter","variation":"phoenix","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"right_rail_ad_1","type":"ad","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"multimedia_box","type":"lineup_content","variation":"carousel_basic","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"},{"name":"Topic Package Zone","kind":"full","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"topic_package_3","type":"lineup_content","variation":"4_up","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"topic_package_1","type":"lineup_content","variation":"4_up","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"topic_package_2","type":"lineup_content","variation":"4_up","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"},{"name":"Ad Zone","kind":"full","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"desktop_immersive_ad","type":"ad","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"tablet_immersive_ad","type":"ad","__typename":"CurationModule"},{"id":"mobile_immersive_ad","type":"ad","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"},{"name":"Topic Package Zone 2","kind":"full","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"video_package","type":"lineup_content","variation":"4_up_video","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"},{"name":"Archive Zone","kind":"righty","columns":[{"modules":[{"id":"archive_story_list","type":"lineup_content","variation":"archive","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"},{"modules":[{"id":"right_rail_ad_2","type":"ad","__typename":"CurationModule"}],"__typename":"Column"}],"__typename":"Zone"}],"__typename":"LineupCuration"},"tophatSnippet":{"scripts":["https://www.bloomberg.com/tophat/assets/v2.7.0/that.js"],"styles":[],"styles_overrides":"@media (min-width: 760px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 790px; } }@media (min-width: 1123px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 1113px; } }@media (min-width: 1335px) { #bb-that .bb-that-header.bb-that--container { width: 1323px; } }","that":"\u003cstyle\u003e#bb-that *,#bb-that *:before,#bb-that *:after{-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;box-sizing:border-box}#bb-that *{-webkit-font-smoothing:antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:grayscale}#bb-that ul,#bb-that li{list-style:none;padding:0;margin:0}#bb-that p{padding:0;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that__col{float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md{width:23.5%}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md:last-of-type{padding-right:0}#bb-that .bb-that__col--md:first-child{width:29.5%}#bb-that .bb-that__col--sm{width:32%;padding:0 10px 0 0}#bb-that .bb-that__col--xs{float:none;display:block;border-top:1px solid #474747}#bb-that .bb-that__col--xs:last-of-type{border-bottom:1px solid #474747}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-xs{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 760px) and (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-sm{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 1020px) and (max-width: 1279px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-md{display:block !important}}@media (min-width: 1280px){#bb-that .bb-that--visible-lg{display:block !important}}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu{display:block}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that-header{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--container{overflow:initial;max-height:initial;visibility:visible;background-color:#141414;padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs.bb-that--mobile-menu-open ul{overflow-y:initial;max-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs.bb-that--mobile-menu-open .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);-o-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs ul{padding:0;transition:all 0.25s ease-in-out;max-height:0;overflow-y:hidden}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li{padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li:first-of-type{padding-top:10px}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs li:last-child{background:none;padding-bottom:10px;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a{height:50px;display:flex;align-items:center;color:#B3B3B3;padding:15px 20px;transition:all 0.15s ease-in-out}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:hover{color:#fff;opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:hover:after{position:static;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%23ffffff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E)}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that--visible-xs a:after{color:#46464b;opacity:1;display:inline-block;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%2346464b%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);height:15px;width:15px;line-height:initial;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out, content 0.3s ease-in-out;margin-left:10px}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header{border-bottom:1px solid #616166;height:40px;display:flex;align-items:center;padding:0 15px;background-color:#000}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span{font-size:12px;color:#fff;opacity:1;cursor:pointer;font-weight:700}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:hover{cursor:pointer}#bb-that .bb-that.show-mobile-menu .bb-that__sitemap-mobile-header span:after{display:inline-block;content:url(data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E);height:9px;width:9px;line-height:10px;color:#fff;margin-left:10px}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:1170px;visibility:visible}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:none}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that__sitemap:focus{outline:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:before,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:after{content:\" \";display:table}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections{padding:40px 0}}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:first-child .bb-that-category{padding-left:0;margin-left:0}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category{padding:30px;background-color:#141414;margin-top:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{font-size:20px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category__text span{display:block;min-width:87px;float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(4) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #474747;font-size:12px;padding-bottom:0.5em;margin-bottom:1.5em;letter-spacing:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item{border-bottom:1px solid #474747;width:90%;padding:7px 0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #474747}}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:nth-child(2) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title,#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category__title{text-transform:uppercase;color:#fff;border-bottom:1px solid #474747;font-size:12px;padding-bottom:7px;margin-bottom:15px;letter-spacing:1px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item{border-bottom:1px solid #474747;width:90%;padding:7px 0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections li:nth-child(1) .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__item:first-child{border-top:1px solid #474747}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:nth-child(3) .bb-that-category{margin-right:0;padding-right:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child{margin:30px -30px 0 -30px;padding:30px;background-color:#141414;width:100%;box-sizing:content-box}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child .bb-that-category{width:32%;float:left;padding:0 10px 0 30px;margin:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child .bb-that-category:first-child{padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child .bb-that-category:first-child .bb-that-category__title{font-size:20px;line-height:14px}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child .bb-that-category:last-child{float:left}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap-sections\u003eli:last-child .bb-that-category:last-child .bb-that-category__text span{display:block}}#bb-that .bb-that-category{padding:0 15px;margin:0 15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-category+.bb-that-category{margin-top:40px}}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{color:#f3f4ef;font-size:15px;font-weight:600;margin:0;padding:15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{padding:0 0 15px}}#bb-that .bb-that-category__item{padding-bottom:10px}#bb-that .bb-that-category__item:last-of-type{padding-bottom:0}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text+.bb-that-category__text{padding-top:10px}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link,#bb-that .bb-that-category a{color:#b3b3b3;font-size:15px;font-weight:400}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link{line-height:1.27;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.707%208.472l-7.354%207.354-0.707-0.707%206.146-6.146h-12.792v-1h12.793l-6.147-6.148%200.707-0.707%207.354%207.354z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%2710px%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:15px;width:15px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus:after{margin-left:5px;margin-top:1px;position:absolute}#bb-that .bb-that-category__text{line-height:1.4}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link{display:block;outline-offset:3px;-webkit-transition:color 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:color 0.1s ease-out;transition:color 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-category__link:focus,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:focus{color:#0d9ddb}#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link{line-height:15px;position:relative;padding:0 22px 0 0}#bb-that .bb-that-category__social-link:before{position:absolute;right:5px;top:0;line-height:inherit}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M8.9%202.8h2.3v-2.8h-2.3c-1.8%200-3.3%201.5-3.3%203.3v1.4h-1.9v2.8h1.9v7.5h2.8v-7.5h2.3l0.5-2.8h-2.8v-1.4c0-0.3%200.2-0.5%200.5-0.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M8.9%202.8h2.3v-2.8h-2.3c-1.8%200-3.3%201.5-3.3%203.3v1.4h-1.9v2.8h1.9v7.5h2.8v-7.5h2.3l0.5-2.8h-2.8v-1.4c0-0.3%200.2-0.5%200.5-0.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-facebook:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M13%204.7c0%200.1%200%200.2%200%200.4%200%203.7-2.8%208.1-8.1%208.1-1.6%200-3.1-0.5-4.3-1.3%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.7%200%201.3%200%202.5-0.5%203.5-1.2-1.2%200-2.3-0.8-2.6-2%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.5%200%200.3%200%200.5%200%200.7-0.1-1.3-0.3-2.3-1.4-2.3-2.8%200%200%200%200%200%200%200.4%200.2%200.8%200.3%201.3%200.4-0.8-0.5-1.3-1.4-1.3-2.4%200-0.5%200.1-1%200.4-1.4%201.4%201.7%203.5%202.8%205.8%203%200-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6%200-1.6%201.3-2.8%202.8-2.8%200.8%200%201.6%200.3%202.1%200.9%200.6-0.1%201.3-0.4%201.8-0.7-0.2%200.7-0.7%201.2-1.2%201.6%200.6-0.1%201.1-0.2%201.6-0.4-0.4%200.6-0.9%201.1-1.4%201.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M13%204.7c0%200.1%200%200.2%200%200.4%200%203.7-2.8%208.1-8.1%208.1-1.6%200-3.1-0.5-4.3-1.3%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.7%200%201.3%200%202.5-0.5%203.5-1.2-1.2%200-2.3-0.8-2.6-2%200.2%200%200.4%200%200.5%200%200.3%200%200.5%200%200.7-0.1-1.3-0.3-2.3-1.4-2.3-2.8%200%200%200%200%200%200%200.4%200.2%200.8%200.3%201.3%200.4-0.8-0.5-1.3-1.4-1.3-2.4%200-0.5%200.1-1%200.4-1.4%201.4%201.7%203.5%202.8%205.8%203%200-0.2-0.1-0.4-0.1-0.6%200-1.6%201.3-2.8%202.8-2.8%200.8%200%201.6%200.3%202.1%200.9%200.6-0.1%201.3-0.4%201.8-0.7-0.2%200.7-0.7%201.2-1.2%201.6%200.6-0.1%201.1-0.2%201.6-0.4-0.4%200.6-0.9%201.1-1.4%201.5z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-twitter:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.6%205.6h2.6v1.3h0c0.4-0.6%201.2-1.3%202.6-1.3%202.7%200%203.2%201.7%203.2%203.9v4.5h-2.7v-4c0-1%200-2.2-1.4-2.2-1.4%200-1.6%201-1.6%202.1v4.1h-2.7v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0.9%205.6h2.8v8.4h-2.8v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M3.8%203.3c0%200.8-0.6%201.4-1.4%201.4s-1.4-0.6-1.4-1.4c0-0.8%200.6-1.4%201.4-1.4s1.4%200.6%201.4%201.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.6%205.6h2.6v1.3h0c0.4-0.6%201.2-1.3%202.6-1.3%202.7%200%203.2%201.7%203.2%203.9v4.5h-2.7v-4c0-1%200-2.2-1.4-2.2-1.4%200-1.6%201-1.6%202.1v4.1h-2.7v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0.9%205.6h2.8v8.4h-2.8v-8.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M3.8%203.3c0%200.8-0.6%201.4-1.4%201.4s-1.4-0.6-1.4-1.4c0-0.8%200.6-1.4%201.4-1.4s1.4%200.6%201.4%201.4z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-linkedin:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.5,7.6c0,1.2,1,2.2,2.2,2.2s2.2-1,2.2-2.2l0,0c0-1.2-1-2.2-2.2-2.2S5.5,6.4,5.5,7.6L5.5,7.6%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2,4.9c0-0.7-0.1-1.2-0.3-1.6c-0.2-0.4-0.4-0.8-0.8-1.2c-0.3-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.2-0.8C11.5,1.1,11,1,10.3,1S9.4,1,7.6,1s-2,0-2.7,0S3.7,1.1,3.3,1.3C2.9,1.5,2.5,1.7,2.1,2.1C1.8,2.4,1.5,2.8,1.3,3.3C1.1,3.7,1,4.2,1,4.9s0,0.9,0,2.7s0,2,0,2.7s0.1,1.2,0.3,1.6c0.2,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.8,1.2c0.4,0.4,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.2,0.9,0.3,1.6,0.3s0.9,0,2.7,0s2,0,2.7,0s1.2-0.1,1.6-0.3c0.4-0.2,0.8-0.4,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.4,0.6-0.7,0.8-1.2c0.2-0.4,0.3-0.9,0.3-1.6s0-0.9,0-2.7S14.2,5.6,14.2,4.9z%20M7.7,10.9c-1.8,0-3.3-1.5-3.3-3.3s1.5-3.3,3.3-3.3S11,5.8,11,7.6S9.5,10.9,7.7,10.9z%20M11.2,4.9c-0.4,0-0.8-0.3-0.8-0.8s0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8S12,3.6,12,4.1S11.6,4.9,11.2,4.9z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M5.5,7.6c0,1.2,1,2.2,2.2,2.2s2.2-1,2.2-2.2l0,0c0-1.2-1-2.2-2.2-2.2S5.5,6.4,5.5,7.6L5.5,7.6%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2,4.9c0-0.7-0.1-1.2-0.3-1.6c-0.2-0.4-0.4-0.8-0.8-1.2c-0.3-0.3-0.7-0.6-1.2-0.8C11.5,1.1,11,1,10.3,1S9.4,1,7.6,1s-2,0-2.7,0S3.7,1.1,3.3,1.3C2.9,1.5,2.5,1.7,2.1,2.1C1.8,2.4,1.5,2.8,1.3,3.3C1.1,3.7,1,4.2,1,4.9s0,0.9,0,2.7s0,2,0,2.7s0.1,1.2,0.3,1.6c0.2,0.4,0.4,0.8,0.8,1.2c0.4,0.4,0.7,0.6,1.2,0.8c0.4,0.2,0.9,0.3,1.6,0.3s0.9,0,2.7,0s2,0,2.7,0s1.2-0.1,1.6-0.3c0.4-0.2,0.8-0.4,1.2-0.8c0.4-0.4,0.6-0.7,0.8-1.2c0.2-0.4,0.3-0.9,0.3-1.6s0-0.9,0-2.7S14.2,5.6,14.2,4.9z%20M7.7,10.9c-1.8,0-3.3-1.5-3.3-3.3s1.5-3.3,3.3-3.3S11,5.8,11,7.6S9.5,10.9,7.7,10.9z%20M11.2,4.9c-0.4,0-0.8-0.3-0.8-0.8s0.3-0.8,0.8-0.8S12,3.6,12,4.1S11.6,4.9,11.2,4.9z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-instagram:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2%204.4c-0.8%204.3-5%208-6.2%208.8-1.3%200.8-2.4-0.3-2.8-1.2-0.5-1-1.9-6.5-2.3-6.9s-1.5%200.5-1.5%200.5l-0.5-0.7c0%200%202.3-2.8%204-3.1%201.9-0.4%201.8%202.9%202.3%204.7%200.4%201.8%200.7%202.8%201.1%202.8s1.1-1%201.9-2.5c0.8-1.5%200-2.8-1.6-1.9%200.6-3.8%206.4-4.7%205.7-0.3z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M14.2%204.4c-0.8%204.3-5%208-6.2%208.8-1.3%200.8-2.4-0.3-2.8-1.2-0.5-1-1.9-6.5-2.3-6.9s-1.5%200.5-1.5%200.5l-0.5-0.7c0%200%202.3-2.8%204-3.1%201.9-0.4%201.8%202.9%202.3%204.7%200.4%201.8%200.7%202.8%201.1%202.8s1.1-1%201.9-2.5c0.8-1.5%200-2.8-1.6-1.9%200.6-3.8%206.4-4.7%205.7-0.3z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-vimeo:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.027344%204.445312c-.167969-.632812-.667969-1.132812-1.296875-1.304687C12.585938%202.832031%208%202.832031%208%202.832031s-4.585938%200-5.730469.308594C1.640625%203.3125%201.140625%203.8125.972656%204.445312.667969%205.597656.667969%208%20.667969%208s0%202.402344.304687%203.554688c.167969.632812.667969%201.132812%201.296875%201.304687C3.414062%2013.167969%208%2013.167969%208%2013.167969s4.585938%200%205.730469-.308594c.628906-.171875%201.128906-.671875%201.296875-1.304687C15.332031%2010.402344%2015.332031%208%2015.332031%208s0-2.402344-.304687-3.554688ZM6.5%2010.179688V5.820312L10.332031%208Z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:before{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:active:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:focus:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M15.027344%204.445312c-.167969-.632812-.667969-1.132812-1.296875-1.304687C12.585938%202.832031%208%202.832031%208%202.832031s-4.585938%200-5.730469.308594C1.640625%203.3125%201.140625%203.8125.972656%204.445312.667969%205.597656.667969%208%20.667969%208s0%202.402344.304687%203.554688c.167969.632812.667969%201.132812%201.296875%201.304687C3.414062%2013.167969%208%2013.167969%208%2013.167969s4.585938%200%205.730469-.308594c.628906-.171875%201.128906-.671875%201.296875-1.304687C15.332031%2010.402344%2015.332031%208%2015.332031%208s0-2.402344-.304687-3.554688ZM6.5%2010.179688V5.820312L10.332031%208Z%27%20fill%3D%27%230d9ddb%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:hover:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:active:hover:before,#bb-that .bb-that--icon-youtube:focus:hover:before{opacity:1}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that-category--sub{padding:0}#bb-that .bb-that-category--sub .bb-that-category__title:after{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that-category__content{overflow:hidden;max-height:0;padding:0 15px 15px;padding-top:0;padding-bottom:0;-webkit-transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out;-o-transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out;transition:all 0.6s ease-in-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title{cursor:pointer}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:9px;width:9px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-category__title:after{float:right}#bb-that .bb-that-category.bb-that--open .bb-that-category__content{padding:0 15px 15px;max-height:2340px}}#bb-that .bb-that__close{display:none}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that__close{display:block;height:29px;padding:2px;position:absolute;right:4px;top:10px;width:29px;cursor:pointer;height:30px;width:30px;color:#b3b3b3;font-size:9px;background-color:transparent;border:0}#bb-that .bb-that__close:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M11.9%202.5q0.3%200%200.4%200.2t0.2%200.4q0%200.3-0.2%200.4l-3.9%203.9%203.9%203.9q0.2%200.2%200.2%200.4%200%200.3-0.2%200.4t-0.4%200.2q-0.3%200-0.4-0.2l-3.9-3.9-3.9%203.9q-0.2%200.2-0.4%200.2-0.3%200-0.4-0.2t-0.2-0.4q0-0.3%200.2-0.4l3.9-3.9-3.9-3.9q-0.2-0.2-0.2-0.4%200-0.3%200.2-0.4t0.4-0.2q0.3%200%200.4%200.2l3.9%203.9%203.9-3.9q0.2-0.2%200.4-0.2z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that__close:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that__close:after{height:25px;width:25px}}#bb-that .bb-that__skip-to-content{background:#000;border:0;clip:rect(0, 0, 0, 0);color:#f3f4ef;display:block;font-size:15px;font-weight:400;height:1px;left:2px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0 10px;position:absolute;top:5px;width:1px;z-index:100}#bb-that .bb-that__skip-to-content:focus{color:#0d9ddb;clip:auto;height:auto;margin:0;overflow:visible;width:auto}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that-header--link-company{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that-header--link-bba{border-left:0;padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that__close{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--company-menu .bb-that__sitemap{max-height:none;-webkit-transition:none;-o-transition:none;transition:none}#bb-that .bb-that--bba-menu .bb-that-header--link-bba{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that--bba-menu .bb-that__icon--dropdown{visibility:hidden}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight{position:relative;text-align:center;background-color:#0d9ddb;color:#141414;font-weight:600;opacity:0;height:0;margin-left:-999em;-webkit-transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1);-o-transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1);transition:all 0.8s cubic-bezier(0, 1, 0.7, 1)}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__text{pointer-events:none;color:#141414}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link{color:#fff;margin-left:.7em;padding-right:21px}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23fff' d='M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:after{margin-left:5px;margin-top:-3px;position:absolute}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:hover,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:active,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:focus{color:#141414}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:hover:after,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:active:after,#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight__link:focus:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml;charset=utf8,%3Csvg width='24' height='24' xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg'%3E%3Cg fill='none' fill-rule='evenodd'%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h24v24H0z'/%3E%3Cpath fill='%23141414' d='M12 4l-1.41 1.41L16.17 11H4v2h12.17l-5.58 5.59L12 20l8-8z'/%3E%3C/g%3E%3C/svg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--active{opacity:1;height:auto;margin-left:auto}#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--desktop{display:none;font-size:16px;line-height:1.25em;padding:16px 0 !important}@media (min-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that-spotlight--desktop{display:block}}\n\u003c/style\u003e\u003cstyle\u003e#bb-that a{text-decoration:none}#bb-that .bb-that__sitemap{overflow:hidden;position:relative;max-height:0;visibility:hidden;-webkit-transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out;-o-transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out;transition:max-height 0.6s ease-in-out,visibility 0.6s ease-in-out}#bb-that{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG,\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif;background:#000;position:relative}@media (max-width: 759px){#bb-that .bb-that{display:none}}#bb-that *{font-family:AvenirNextPForBBG,\"Helvetica Neue\",Helvetica,Arial,sans-serif !important}#bb-that .bb-that--container{margin:0 auto;padding:0 30px;box-sizing:content-box}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{padding:0}}#bb-that .bb-that--container:before,#bb-that .bb-that--container:after{content:\" \";display:table}#bb-that .bb-that--container:after{clear:both}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:700px}}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:980px}}@media (min-width: 1280px){#bb-that .bb-that--container{width:1160px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header{font-weight:600;font-size:15px;line-height:30px;padding:15px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header{font-size:12px;height:30px;padding:0}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link{position:relative;display:block;outline-offset:2px}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link{display:inline-block;padding:0 10px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan{color:#f3f4ef;font-family:inherit;font-size:inherit;line-height:inherit}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan{line-height:1;-webkit-font-smoothing:subpixel-antialiased;-moz-osx-font-smoothing:auto}}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link,#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan{font-size:11px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*=\"bba.bloomberg.net\"]:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 25.32 19'%3E%3Cdefs%3E%3Cstyle%3E.cls-1%7Bfill:%23fff;stroke:%23fff;stroke-miterlimit:10;stroke-width:.5px%7D%3C/style%3E%3C/defs%3E%3Cpath d='M0 0h25.32v19H0z'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-1' x='.32' y='1.81' width='11.74' height='9.39' rx='.47' ry='.47'/%3E%3Crect class='cls-1' x='13.23' y='1.8' width='11.74' height='9.39' rx='.47' ry='.47'/%3E%3Cpath class='cls-1' d='M11.4 13.75v.8c0 .29.53.53 1.18.53s1.17-.24 1.17-.53v-.8h.06c1.83.2 3.11.87 3.11 1.68 0 1-1.93 1.76-4.31 1.76s-4.32-.79-4.32-1.76c0-.8 1.3-1.47 3.09-1.69z'/%3E%3C/svg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;right:3px;top:2px;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*=\"bba.bloomberg.net\"],#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*=\"bba.bloomberg.net\"]\u003espan{color:#FFA028}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link[href*=\"/service\"]:before{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2000/svg' viewBox='0 0 25 25'%3E%3Cpath fill='%23231f20' d='M0 0h25v25H0z'/%3E%3Crect x='1.53' y='1.33' width='21.91' height='21.91' rx='2.63' ry='2.63' fill='%231bbc3c'/%3E%3Ctext transform='translate(1.53 19.79)' style='isolation:isolate' font-size='10.19' font-family='AvenirNextPForBBG-Medium,Avenir Next P for BBG' letter-spacing='-.02em' fill='%23231f20'%3EHelp%3C/text%3E%3C/svg%3E\");height:16px;width:16px;line-height:initial;right:3px;top:2px;position:relative}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link:first-child{padding-left:0}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link:after{font-size:9px;position:absolute}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link+.bb-that-header__link{border-left:1px solid #b3b3b3}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link+.bb-that-header__link:after{top:-3px}}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan{pointer-events:none}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan:first-of-type{display:inline}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan:first-of-type+span{display:none}@media (max-width: 1019px){#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan:first-of-type{display:none}#bb-that .bb-that-header__link\u003espan:first-of-type+span{display:inline}}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger{padding:0 27px 0 10px}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{display:inline-block;content:url(\"data:image/svg+xml,%3Csvg%20xmlns%3D%27http%3A%2F%2Fwww.w3.org%2F2000%2Fsvg%27%20viewBox%3D%270%200%2015%2015%27%3E%3Cpath%20d%3D%27M0,2.5l7.5,10l7.5-10H0z%27%20fill%3D%27%23fff%27%2F%3E%3C%2Fsvg%3E\");height:9px;width:9px;line-height:initial;opacity:0.7;-webkit-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;-o-transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out;transition:opacity 0.1s ease-out}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:hover:after{opacity:1}#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{height:9px;width:9px;-webkit-transform:rotate(0);-ms-transform:rotate(0);-o-transform:rotate(0);transform:rotate(0);-webkit-transition:transform 0.35s ease;-o-transition:transform 0.35s ease;transition:transform 0.35s ease}@media (min-width: 760px){#bb-that .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{right:12px;top:2px;line-height:1}}@media (min-width: 1020px){#bb-that .bb-that--open{border-bottom:1px solid #474747}}#bb-that .bb-that--open .bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger:after{-webkit-transform:rotate(180deg);-ms-transform:rotate(180deg);-o-transform:rotate(180deg);transform:rotate(180deg)}\n\u003c/style\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"bb-that\" data-spotlight-service=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/tophat/api/spotlights?site=bcom\"\u003e\n\t\u003cnav class=\"bb-that\"\u003e\n\t\t\u003ca href=\"#that-jump-content--default\" class=\"bb-that__skip-to-content\" aria-label=\"Skip to content\" role=\"button\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eSkip to content\u003c/a\u003e\n    \u003cdiv class=\"bb-that-header bb-that--container\"\u003e\n        \u003ca class=\"bb-that-header__link bb-that-header--sitemap-trigger\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" role=\"button\" aria-controls=\"bb-that--container\" aria-expanded=\"false\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg the Company \u0026amp; Its Products\" data-label=\"bcom\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBloomberg the Company \u0026amp; Its Products\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eThe Company \u0026amp; its Products\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-header__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/contact-menu/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\u0026amp;bbgsum=DG-WS-PROF-DEMO-bbgmenu\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Terminal Demo Request\" data-label=\"bcom\"\u003eBloomberg Terminal Demo Request\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-header__link\" href=\"https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\" data-label=\"bcom\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Anywhere Login\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-header__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Customer Support\" data-label=\"bcom\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Customer Support\u003c/span\u003e\u003cspan\u003eCustomer Support\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/a\u003e    \u003c/div\u003e\n\t\t\u003cdiv id=\"bb-that--container\" class=\"bb-that__sitemap bb-that--container\" tabindex=\"-1\" role=\"dialog\"\u003e\n    \n    \u003cul class=\"bb-that__sitemap-sections bb-that--visible-md bb-that--visible-lg\"\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--md\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--bloomberg--1\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bb-that-category__content\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003eConnecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--for_customers--2\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eFor Customers\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--for_customers--2\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/customer-support/software-updates/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Software Updates\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eSoftware Updates\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://service.bloomberg.com/portal/sessions/new?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Manage Products and Account Information\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eManage Products and Account Information\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--support--3\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eSupport\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bb-that-category__content\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmericas\u003c/span\u003e+1 212 318 2000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEMEA\u003c/span\u003e+44 20 7330 7500\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAsia Pacific\u003c/span\u003e+65 6212 1000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--md\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--company--4\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eCompany\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--company--4\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"About\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eAbout\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/what-we-do/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Careers\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eCareers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/inclusion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Inclusion at Bloomberg\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eInclusion at Bloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Tech at Bloomberg\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eTech at Bloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/philanthropy/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Philanthropy\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePhilanthropy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/sustainability/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Sustainability\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eSustainability\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/bloomberg-beta/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Beta\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Beta\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--communications--5\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eCommunications\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--communications--5\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/announcements/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Press Announcements\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePress Announcements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press-contacts/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Press Contacts\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePress Contacts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--follow--6\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eFollow\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--follow--6\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Bloomberglp\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-facebook\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Facebook\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bloomberg/\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-instagram\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Instagram\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eInstagram\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/2494\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-linkedin\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"LinkedIn\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@bloomberglp\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-youtube\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"YouTube\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eYouTube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--md\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--products--7\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eProducts\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--products--7\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://bloomberg.com/professional?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Professional Services\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Professional Services\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/bloomberg-terminal/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Terminal\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/data/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Data\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eData\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/trading/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Trading\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eTrading\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/risk/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Risk\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eRisk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/compliance/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Compliance\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eCompliance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/indices/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Indices\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eIndices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--industry_products--8\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eIndustry Products\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--industry_products--8\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://pro.bloomberglaw.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Law\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Law\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://pro.bloombergtax.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Tax\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Tax\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://about.bgov.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Government\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Government\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://about.bnef.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"BloombergNEF\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloombergNEF\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--md\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--media--9\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eMedia\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--media--9\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Markets\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Markets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Technology\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Pursuits\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Pursuits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Politics\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Politics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Opinion\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Opinion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Businessweek\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Businessweek\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberglive.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Live Conferences\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Live Conferences\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloombergradio.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Radio\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Radio\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/live?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Television\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Television\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/news-bureaus/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"News Bureaus\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eNews Bureaus\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--media_services--10\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eMedia Services\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--media_services--10\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/distribution?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Media Distribution\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Media Distribution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloombergmedia.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Advertising\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eAdvertising\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n            \u003c/ul\u003e\n\n        \u003cul class=\"bb-that__sitemap-sections bb-that--visible-sm\"\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--company--11\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eCompany\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--company--11\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"About\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eAbout\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/what-we-do/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Careers\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eCareers\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/inclusion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Inclusion at Bloomberg\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eInclusion at Bloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Tech at Bloomberg\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eTech at Bloomberg\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/philanthropy/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Philanthropy\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePhilanthropy\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/sustainability/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Sustainability\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eSustainability\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/values/tech-at-bloomberg/bloomberg-beta/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Beta\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Beta\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--communications--12\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eCommunications\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--communications--12\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/announcements/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Press Announcements\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePress Announcements\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/press-contacts/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Press Contacts\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003ePress Contacts\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--follow--13\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eFollow\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--follow--13\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.facebook.com/Bloomberglp\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-facebook\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Facebook\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eFacebook\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.instagram.com/bloomberg/\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-instagram\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Instagram\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eInstagram\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.linkedin.com/company/2494\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-linkedin\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"LinkedIn\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eLinkedIn\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca href=\"https://www.youtube.com/@bloomberglp\" class=\"bb-that-category__social-link bb-that--icon-youtube\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"YouTube\" data-label=\"bcom\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eYouTube\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--products--14\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eProducts\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--products--14\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://bloomberg.com/professional?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Professional Services\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Professional Services\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/bloomberg-terminal/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Terminal\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/data/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Data\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eData\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/trading/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Trading\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eTrading\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/risk/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Risk\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eRisk\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/compliance/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Compliance\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eCompliance\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/products/indices/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Indices\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eIndices\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--industry_products--15\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eIndustry Products\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--industry_products--15\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://pro.bloomberglaw.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Law\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Law\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://pro.bloombergtax.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Tax\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Tax\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://about.bgov.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Government\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Government\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://about.bnef.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"BloombergNEF\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloombergNEF\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--media--16\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eMedia\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--media--16\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Markets\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Markets\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg[br] Technology\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg\u003cbr /\u003e Technology\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Pursuits\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Pursuits\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Politics\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Politics\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Opinion\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Opinion\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg[br] Businessweek\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg\u003cbr /\u003e Businessweek\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberglive.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Live Conferences\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Live Conferences\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloombergradio.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Radio\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Radio\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/live?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Television\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Television\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/news-bureaus/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"News Bureaus\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eNews Bureaus\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--media_services--17\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eMedia Services\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--media_services--17\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/distribution?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Media Distribution\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Media Distribution\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloombergmedia.com/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Advertising\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eAdvertising\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n                    \u003cli class=\"bb-that__col bb-that__col--sm\"\u003e\n            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--bloomberg--18\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eBloomberg\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bb-that-category__content\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003eConnecting decision makers to a dynamic network of information, people and ideas, Bloomberg quickly and accurately delivers business and financial information, news and insight around the world\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--for_customers--19\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eFor Customers\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cul class=\"bb-that-category__content\" aria-labelledby=\"that-list--for_customers--19\"\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://bba.bloomberg.net/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Bloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eBloomberg Anywhere Remote Login\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/support/customer-support/software-updates/?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Software Updates\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eSoftware Updates\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003cli class=\"bb-that-category__item\"\u003e\u003ca class=\"bb-that-category__link\" href=\"https://service.bloomberg.com/portal/sessions/new?utm_source=bloomberg-menu\u0026amp;utm_medium=bcom\" data-element=\"tophat-link\" data-description=\"Manage Contracts and Orders\" data-label=\"bcom\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003eManage Contracts and Orders\u003c/a\u003e\u003c/li\u003e\u003c/ul\u003e\u003c/section\u003e            \u003csection class=\"bb-that-category\"\u003e\n    \u003ch3 id=\"that-list--support--20\" class=\"bb-that-category__title\"\u003eSupport\u003c/h3\u003e\u003cdiv class=\"bb-that-category__content\"\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAmericas\u003c/span\u003e+1 212 318 2000\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eEMEA\u003c/span\u003e+44 20 7330 7500\u003c/p\u003e\u003cp class=\"bb-that-category__text\"\u003e\u003cspan\u003eAsia Pacific\u003c/span\u003e+65 6212 1000\u003c/p\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\u003c/section\u003e    \u003c/li\u003e\n            \u003c/ul\u003e\n\n    \u003cbutton class=\"bb-that__close\" aria-label=\"Close\" tabindex=\"0\"\u003e\u003c/button\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\t\u003c/nav\u003e\n\u003c/div\u003e\n\u003cdiv id=\"that-jump-content--default\" tabindex=\"-1\"\u003e\u003c/div\u003e\n"},"breakingNews":{"globalBreakingNews":{"headline":"ECB Says Risks to Inflation, Growth Have Intensified","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/live-blog/2026-04-30/ecb-interest-rate-decision-euro-lagarde-press-conference-live-updates","identifier":"BREAKING"}},"navMenuItems":{"menuItems":{"menuItemsDesktop":{"markets":{"id":"markets","text":"Markets","submenuItems":{"metadata_markets":{"id":"metadata_markets","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"markets","text":"Markets","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets"}]},"news_links":{"id":"news_links","text":"News","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"deals","text":"Deals","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/deals"},{"id":"fixed-income","text":"Fixed Income","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/fixed-income"},{"id":"etfs","text":"ETFs","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/etfs"},{"id":"fx","text":"FX","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/fx-center"},{"id":"alt.-investing","text":"Alt. Investing","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/alternative-investments"},{"id":"economic-calendar","text":"Economic Calendar","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/economic-calendar"}]},"market_data_links":{"id":"market_data_links","text":"Data","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"stocks","text":"Stocks","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks"},{"id":"futures","text":"Futures","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks/futures"},{"id":"rates-\u0026-bonds","text":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds"},{"id":"currencies","text":"Currencies","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/currencies"},{"id":"commodities","text":"Commodities","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities"},{"id":"sectors","text":"Sectors","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/sectors"},{"id":"energy","text":"Energy","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/energy"}]},"market_data_tickers":{"id":"market_data_tickers","text":"Top Securities","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"SPX:IND","text":"SPX:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/SPX:IND","label":"S\u0026P 500"},{"id":"CCMP:IND","text":"CCMP:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CCMP:IND","label":"Nasdaq"},{"id":"UKX:IND","text":"UKX:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/UKX:IND","label":"FTSE 100"},{"id":"INDU:IND","text":"INDU:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/INDU:IND","label":"Dow Jones"},{"id":"RTY:IND","text":"RTY:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/RTY:IND","label":"Russell 2000"},{"id":"NKY:IND","text":"NKY:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/NKY:IND","label":"Nikkei 225"},{"id":"HSI:IND","text":"HSI:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/HSI:IND","label":"Hang Seng"},{"id":"DAX:IND","text":"DAX:IND","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/DAX:IND","label":"DAX"},{"id":"CL1:COM","text":"CL1:COM","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/CL1:COM","label":"Crude Oil"},{"id":"GC1:COM","text":"GC1:COM","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GC1:COM","label":"Gold"},{"id":"EURUSD:CUR","text":"EURUSD:CUR","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/EURUSD:CUR","label":"EUR/USD"},{"id":"GBPUSD:CUR","text":"GBPUSD:CUR","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/quote/GBPUSD:CUR","label":"GBP/USD"}]}}},"economics":{"id":"economics","text":"Economics","submenuItems":{"metadata_economics":{"id":"metadata_economics","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/economics","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"industries":{"id":"industries","text":"Industries","submenuItems":{"metadata_industries":{"id":"metadata_industries","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/industries","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"tech":{"id":"tech","text":"Tech","submenuItems":{"metadata_tech":{"id":"metadata_tech","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"politics":{"id":"politics","text":"Politics","submenuItems":{"metadata_politics":{"id":"metadata_politics","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"businessweek":{"id":"businessweek","text":"Businessweek","submenuItems":{"metadata_businessweek":{"id":"metadata_businessweek","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"opinion":{"id":"opinion","text":"Opinion","submenuItems":{"metadata_opinion":{"id":"metadata_opinion","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"video":{"id":"video","text":"Video","submenuItems":{"metadata_video":{"id":"metadata_video","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/video","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"more":{"id":"more","text":"More","submenuItems":{"sections_links":{"id":"sections_links","text":"News","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"markets","text":"Markets","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets"},{"id":"economics","text":"Economics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/economics"},{"id":"industries","text":"Industries","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/industries"},{"id":"technology","text":"Technology","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology"},{"id":"ai","text":"AI","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/ai"},{"id":"politics","text":"Politics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics"},{"id":"green","text":"Green","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/green"},{"id":"crypto","text":"Crypto","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/crypto"}]},"work_life_links":{"id":"work_life_links","text":"Work \u0026 Life","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"wealth","text":"Wealth","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/wealth"},{"id":"pursuits","text":"Pursuits","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits"},{"id":"businessweek","text":"Businessweek","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek"},{"id":"citylab","text":"CityLab","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab"},{"id":"sports","text":"Sports","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/business-of-sports"},{"id":"equality","text":"Equality","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/equality"},{"id":"management-\u0026-work","text":"Management \u0026 Work","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/management-work"}]},"media_links":{"id":"media_links","text":"Media","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"originals","text":"Originals","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/originals"},{"id":"bloomberg-tv+","text":"Bloomberg TV+","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/live/shows"},{"id":"podcasts","text":"Podcasts","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/audio"},{"id":"radio","text":"Radio","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/audio"},{"id":"live-events","text":"Live Events","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/live-events"},{"id":"live-q\u0026a","text":"Live Q\u0026A","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/community/live-qa?in_source=nav"}]},"explore_bloomberg_links":{"id":"explore_bloomberg_links","text":"Explore","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"newsletters","text":"Newsletters","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters"},{"id":"subscriber-events","label":"NEW!","text":"Subscriber Events","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/events"},{"id":"weekend","text":"Weekend","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/weekend"},{"id":"graphics","text":"Graphics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics"},{"id":"investigations","text":"Investigations","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/investigations"},{"id":"the-big-take","text":"The Big Take","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/bigtake"},{"id":"explainers","text":"Explainers","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/explainers"},{"id":"pointed-news-quiz","text":"Pointed News Quiz","url":"http://www.bloomberg.com/games/pointed?in_source=nav"},{"id":"alphadots-game","text":"Alphadots Game","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/games/alphadots?in_source=nav"},{"id":"markets-magazine","text":"Markets Magazine","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets-magazine"}]},"tools_links":{"id":"tools_links","text":"Tools","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"watchlist","text":"Watchlist","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/watchlist"},{"id":"submit-a-tip","text":"Submit a Tip","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/tips/"},{"id":"help-center","text":"Help Center","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/help?in_source=help-nav"},{"id":"about-us","text":"About Us","url":"https://bloomberg.com/context"}]},"sponsored_content":{"id":"sponsored_content","text":"Sponsored Content","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"bloomberg-media-studios","text":"Bloomberg Media Studios","url":"https://www.bloombergmedia.com/studio/"},{"id":"bms-youtube","text":"BMS YouTube","url":"https://www.youtube.com/@bloombergmediastudios"}]}}}},"menuItemsMobile":{"market-data":{"id":"market-data","text":"Market Data","submenuItems":{"market_data_links":{"id":"market_data_links","text":null,"dropdownListItems":[{"id":"stocks","text":"Stocks","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks"},{"id":"futures","text":"Futures","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks/futures"},{"id":"rates-\u0026-bonds","text":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds"},{"id":"currencies","text":"Currencies","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/currencies"},{"id":"commodities","text":"Commodities","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities"},{"id":"sectors","text":"Sectors","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/sectors"},{"id":"energy","text":"Energy","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/energy"},{"id":"economic-calendar","text":"Economic Calendar","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/economic-calendar"}]}}},"markets":{"id":"markets","text":"Markets","submenuItems":{"metadata_markets":{"id":"metadata_markets","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"economics":{"id":"economics","text":"Economics","submenuItems":{"metadata_economics":{"id":"metadata_economics","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/economics","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"industries":{"id":"industries","text":"Industries","submenuItems":{"metadata_industries":{"id":"metadata_industries","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/industries","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"technology":{"id":"technology","text":"Technology","submenuItems":{"metadata_technology":{"id":"metadata_technology","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"ai":{"id":"ai","text":"AI","submenuItems":{"metadata_ai":{"id":"metadata_ai","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/ai","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"politics":{"id":"politics","text":"Politics","submenuItems":{"metadata_politics":{"id":"metadata_politics","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"green":{"id":"green","text":"Green","submenuItems":{"metadata_green":{"id":"metadata_green","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/green","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"opinion":{"id":"opinion","text":"Opinion","submenuItems":{"metadata_opinion":{"id":"metadata_opinion","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"explainers":{"id":"explainers","text":"Explainers","submenuItems":{"metadata_explainers":{"id":"metadata_explainers","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/explainers","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"work-\u0026-life":{"id":"work-\u0026-life","text":"Work \u0026 Life","submenuItems":{}},"wealth":{"id":"wealth","text":"Wealth","submenuItems":{"metadata_wealth":{"id":"metadata_wealth","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/wealth","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"pursuits":{"id":"pursuits","text":"Pursuits","submenuItems":{"metadata_pursuits":{"id":"metadata_pursuits","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"businessweek":{"id":"businessweek","text":"Businessweek","submenuItems":{"metadata_businessweek":{"id":"metadata_businessweek","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"citylab":{"id":"citylab","text":"CityLab","submenuItems":{"metadata_citylab":{"id":"metadata_citylab","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"sports":{"id":"sports","text":"Sports","submenuItems":{"metadata_sports":{"id":"metadata_sports","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/business-of-sports","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"equality":{"id":"equality","text":"Equality","submenuItems":{"metadata_equality":{"id":"metadata_equality","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/equality","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"management-\u0026-work":{"id":"management-\u0026-work","text":"Management \u0026 Work","submenuItems":{"metadata_management-\u0026-work":{"id":"metadata_management-\u0026-work","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/management-work","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"pointed-news-quiz":{"id":"pointed-news-quiz","text":"Pointed News Quiz","submenuItems":{"metadata_pointed-news-quiz":{"id":"metadata_pointed-news-quiz","text":null,"url":"http://www.bloomberg.com/games/pointed?in_source=nav","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"alphadots-game":{"id":"alphadots-game","text":"Alphadots Game","submenuItems":{"metadata_alphadots-game":{"id":"metadata_alphadots-game","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/games/alphadots?in_source=nav","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"weekend":{"id":"weekend","text":"Weekend","submenuItems":{"metadata_weekend":{"id":"metadata_weekend","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/weekend","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"media":{"id":"media","text":"Media","submenuItems":{}},"video":{"id":"video","text":"Video","submenuItems":{"metadata_video":{"id":"metadata_video","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/video","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"podcasts":{"id":"podcasts","text":"Podcasts","submenuItems":{"metadata_podcasts":{"id":"metadata_podcasts","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/audio","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"radio":{"id":"radio","text":"Radio","submenuItems":{"metadata_radio":{"id":"metadata_radio","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/audio","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"subscriber-events":{"id":"subscriber-events","text":"Subscriber Events","submenuItems":{"metadata_subscriber-events":{"id":"metadata_subscriber-events","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/events","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"live-events":{"id":"live-events","text":"Live Events","submenuItems":{"metadata_live-events":{"id":"metadata_live-events","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/live-events","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"live-q\u0026a":{"id":"live-q\u0026a","text":"Live Q\u0026A","submenuItems":{"metadata_live-q\u0026a":{"id":"metadata_live-q\u0026a","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/community/live-qa?in_source=nav","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"newsletters":{"id":"newsletters","text":"Newsletters","submenuItems":{"metadata_newsletters":{"id":"metadata_newsletters","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"graphics":{"id":"graphics","text":"Graphics","submenuItems":{"metadata_graphics":{"id":"metadata_graphics","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"tools":{"id":"tools","text":"Tools","submenuItems":{}},"watchlist":{"id":"watchlist","text":"Watchlist","submenuItems":{"metadata_watchlist":{"id":"metadata_watchlist","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/watchlist","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"news":{"id":"news","text":"News","submenuItems":{}},"submit-a-tip":{"id":"submit-a-tip","text":"Submit A Tip","submenuItems":{"metadata_submit-a-tip":{"id":"metadata_submit-a-tip","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/tips","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"help-center":{"id":"help-center","text":"Help Center","submenuItems":{"metadata_help-center":{"id":"metadata_help-center","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/help?in_source=help-nav","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"our-company-\u0026-products":{"id":"our-company-\u0026-products","text":"Our Company \u0026 Products","submenuItems":{}},"about-bloomberg-media":{"id":"about-bloomberg-media","text":"About Bloomberg Media","submenuItems":{"metadata_about-bloomberg-media":{"id":"metadata_about-bloomberg-media","text":null,"url":"https://bloomberg.com/context","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"about-bloomberg-lp":{"id":"about-bloomberg-lp","text":"About Bloomberg LP","submenuItems":{"metadata_about-bloomberg-lp":{"id":"metadata_about-bloomberg-lp","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/company/?utm_source=mobile-menu\u0026utm_medium=bcom","dropdownListItems":[]}}},"bloomberg-professional-services":{"id":"bloomberg-professional-services","text":"Bloomberg Professional Services","submenuItems":{"metadata_bloomberg-professional-services":{"id":"metadata_bloomberg-professional-services","text":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/professional/?utm_source=mobile-menu\u0026utm_medium=bcom","dropdownListItems":[]}}}}},"footerMenuItems":{"items":{"id":"items","text":null,"dropdownListItems":[{"id":"home","text":"Home","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/"},{"id":"btv+","text":"BTV+","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/live"},{"id":"market-data","text":"Market Data","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks"},{"id":"opinion","text":"Opinion","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion"},{"id":"audio","text":"Audio","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/audio"},{"id":"originals","text":"Originals","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/originals"},{"id":"magazine","text":"Magazine","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek"},{"id":"events","text":"Events","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/live-events"}]},"news":{"id":"news","text":"News","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"markets","text":"Markets","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets"},{"id":"economics","text":"Economics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/economics"},{"id":"technology","text":"Technology","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/technology"},{"id":"politics","text":"Politics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/politics"},{"id":"green","text":"Green","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/green"},{"id":"crypto","text":"Crypto","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/crypto"},{"id":"ai","text":"AI","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/ai"}]},"work_life":{"id":"work_life","text":"Work \u0026 Life","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"wealth","text":"Wealth","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/wealth"},{"id":"pursuits","text":"Pursuits","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/pursuits"},{"id":"businessweek","text":"Businessweek","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/businessweek"},{"id":"citylab","text":"CityLab","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab"},{"id":"sports","text":"Sports","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/business-of-sports"},{"id":"equality","text":"Equality","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/equality"},{"id":"management-\u0026-work","text":"Management \u0026 Work","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/management-work"}]},"market_data":{"id":"market_data","text":"Market Data","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"stocks","text":"Stocks","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks"},{"id":"commodities","text":"Commodities","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/commodities"},{"id":"rates-\u0026-bonds","text":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/rates-bonds"},{"id":"currencies","text":"Currencies","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/currencies"},{"id":"futures","text":"Futures","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/stocks/futures"},{"id":"sectors","text":"Sectors","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/sectors"},{"id":"economic-calendar","text":"Economic Calendar","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/markets/economic-calendar"}]},"explore":{"id":"explore","text":"Explore","dropdownListItems":[{"id":"newsletters","text":"Newsletters","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/account/newsletters"},{"id":"explainers","text":"Explainers","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/explainers"},{"id":"pointed-news-quiz","text":"Pointed News Quiz","url":"http://www.bloomberg.com/games/pointed?in_source=footer"},{"id":"alphadots-game","text":"Alphadots Game","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/games/alphadots?in_source=nav"},{"id":"the-big-take","text":"The Big Take","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/bigtake"},{"id":"graphics","text":"Graphics","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/graphics"},{"id":"submit-a-tip","text":"Submit a Tip","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/tips/"},{"id":"about-us","text":"About Us","url":"https://bloomberg.com/context"}]}}},"modulesById":{"header_text":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"header_text","items":[{"headline":"Design","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"0","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design","type":"link","headline_alias":"Design","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Culture","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/culture","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"1","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/culture","type":"link","headline_alias":"Culture","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Transportation","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/transportation","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"2","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/transportation","type":"link","headline_alias":"Transportation","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Environment","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/environment","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"3","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/environment","type":"link","headline_alias":"Environment","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Economy","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/economy","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"4","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/economy","type":"link","headline_alias":"Economy","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Housing","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/housing","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"5","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/housing","type":"link","headline_alias":"Housing","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Justice","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/justice","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"6","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/justice","type":"link","headline_alias":"Justice","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Government","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/government","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"7","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/government","type":"link","headline_alias":"Government","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Technology","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/technology","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"8","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/technology","type":"link","headline_alias":"Technology","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Perspective","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/perspective","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"9","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/perspective","type":"link","headline_alias":"Perspective","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"headline":"Solutions","summary":"","type":"link","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/solutions","__modelType":"CuratedLink","id":"10","raw":{"thumbnail":null,"name":null,"url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/solutions","type":"link","headline_alias":"Solutions","summary_alias":"","label_alias":null,"variation":null,"labelDropdown":null,"textLabel":null,"html":null,"embedUrl":null,"livestream":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"__typename":"CuratedLink","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":11,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"CityLab","tracking":{"title":"Header Text","id":"975bab9d-46ae-45f9-b6e3-d76c7e4ad5d4"},"type":"section_front_header","updatedAt":"2024-08-28T14:50:06.000Z","variation":"brand","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"top_single_story":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"top_single_story","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Daniel Basteiro","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Daniel Basteiro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Daniel Basteiro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/housing","text":"Housing","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Spain’s Largest Cities Diverge Paths to Tackle a Housing Crisis","id":"TE6AI7KGZAQ200","image":{"alt":"BARCELONA MADRID COMP","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eGetty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Housing","lede":{"alt":"Barcelona and Madrid have different policy agendas to improve housing affordability.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBarcelona and Madrid have different policy agendas to improve housing affordability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"BARCELONA MADRID COMP","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eGetty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T22:01:19.784Z","relatedStories":[{"audios":[],"audioImage":null,"brand":"citylab","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Laura Millan","__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"byline":"Laura Millan","embedUrl":null,"franchise":null,"headline":"Madrid Locals Are Fighting to Preserve the City’s Soul","id":"TE4ZA7KGZAL200","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i5p01cIpk9HQ/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Photographer: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"labelDropdown":null,"liveStream":null,"meta":null,"newsletter":null,"nicodes":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:19.485Z","slug":"2026-04-27/madrid-s-new-luxury-amenities-are-threatening-the-city-s-laid-back-nightlife","summary":"As the city morphs into a luxury tourist destination, struggling small businesses are pushing to retain the character that drew many tourists in the first place. ","textLabel":null,"translatedMessage":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:19.485Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-27/madrid-s-new-luxury-amenities-are-threatening-the-city-s-laid-back-nightlife","variation":null,"videos":null,"media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i5p01cIpk9HQ/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"__modelType":"Story"}],"slug":"2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"While Madrid is setting higher construction targets, Barcelona is pushing harder on regulation.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T22:01:19.784Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Daniel Basteiro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Daniel Basteiro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454693868","alt":"Barcelona and Madrid have different policy agendas to improve housing affordability.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBarcelona and Madrid have different policy agendas to improve housing affordability.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"BARCELONA MADRID COMP","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Housing","id":"TE6AI7KGZAQ200","headline":{"text":"Spain’s Largest Cities Diverge Paths to Tackle a Housing Crisis","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"While Madrid is setting higher construction targets, Barcelona is pushing harder on regulation.","html":"\u003cp\u003eWhile Madrid is setting higher construction targets, Barcelona is pushing harder on regulation.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T22:01:19.784Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T22:01:19.784Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454693868","alt":"BARCELONA MADRID COMP","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"BARCELONA MADRID COMP","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ietfIj6i_f68/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-27/madrid-v-barcelona-how-spain-s-largest-cities-are-tackling-affordable-housing","byline":"Daniel Basteiro","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANNOTATED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BARCELONA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUALITY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESCB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIASST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KAITLIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MADRID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PTCURZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PTNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PTTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PTTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WECBTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WHICH2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[{"byline":"Laura Millan","brand":"citylab","embedUrl":null,"franchise":null,"label":"Culture","headline":{"text":"Madrid Locals Are Fighting to Preserve the City’s Soul","__typename":"Metatext"},"id":"TE4ZA7KGZAL200","labelDropdown":null,"livestream":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:19.485Z","site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-27/madrid-s-new-luxury-amenities-are-threatening-the-city-s-laid-back-nightlife","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotData":null,"textLabel":null,"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:19.485Z","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-27/madrid-s-new-luxury-amenities-are-threatening-the-city-s-laid-back-nightlife","variation":null,"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Laura Millan","__typename":"Person"}],"__typename":"Story","keypointsToggle":null,"summary":{"text":"As the city morphs into a luxury tourist destination, struggling small businesses are pushing to retain the character that drew many tourists in the first place. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eAs the city morphs into a luxury tourist destination, struggling small businesses are pushing to retain the character that drew many tourists in the first place.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANNOTATED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDGLOMAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONCERT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EFBALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EFBSPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EFBTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAGREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOMACBB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JAZZMUSIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MADRID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RETD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOCCER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TEC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TMT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPCHART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRANS2ES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRANSLATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRAVEL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WECBTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"audios":[],"newsletter":null,"thumbnail":{"id":"454528538","alt":null,"credit":"Photographer: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i5p01cIpk9HQ/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1331,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"videos":[]}],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Katarina Hoije","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Katarina Hoije","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Katarina Höije","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"In Dakar, a Cultural Center Grows Around a Baobab Tree","id":"TDXSWIKGZAJA00","image":{"alt":"Goethe-Institut Dakar","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Iwan Baan","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The Goethe-Institut Dakar was designed to accommodate the prominent\u0026nbsp;baobab at its center.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Goethe-Institut Dakar was designed to accommodate the prominent\u0026nbsp;baobab at its center.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Iwan Baan","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Goethe-Institut Dakar","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Iwan Baan","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T08:00:18.421Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Francis Kéré’s design for the Goethe-Institut Dakar draws on the Burkinabé architect’s practice of using sustainable and climate-resilient local materials. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-23T08:00:18.421Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Katarina Hoije","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Katarina Höije","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454282021","alt":"The Goethe-Institut Dakar was designed to accommodate the prominent\u0026nbsp;baobab at its center.","credit":"Photographer: Iwan Baan","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Goethe-Institut Dakar was designed to accommodate the prominent\u0026nbsp;baobab at its center.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Goethe-Institut Dakar","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TDXSWIKGZAJA00","headline":{"text":"In Dakar, a Cultural Center Grows Around a Baobab Tree","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Francis Kéré’s design for the Goethe-Institut Dakar draws on the Burkinabé architect’s practice of using sustainable and climate-resilient local materials. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eFrancis Kéré’s design for the Goethe-Institut Dakar draws on the Burkinabé architect’s practice of using sustainable and climate-resilient local materials.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T08:00:18.421Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-23T17:42:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-23T08:00:18.421Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454282021","alt":"Goethe-Institut Dakar","credit":"Photographer: Iwan Baan","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Goethe-Institut Dakar","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iqHQf1Ld1_W4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-23/dakar-architect-francis-kere-showcases-sustainable-design-in-senegal","byline":"Katarina Hoije","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ7","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALTNRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BENIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNACCRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BURKINA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOWAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JPMFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MALI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGEFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGIND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SENEGAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUBSAHARAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUSTAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":2,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Top Single Story","id":"7f380449-6536-4d4e-9bf4-fb3bed40df24"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","variation":"2_up","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"top_stories":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"top_stories","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps and Charissa Isidro","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Charissa Isidro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Charissa Isidro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"Design Edition","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How a Marathon Shaped London’s Canary Wharf District","id":"TE3O01KIP3IT00","image":{"alt":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Courtesy of Canary Wharf Group","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design Edition","lede":{"alt":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","credit":"Photographer: Courtesy of Canary Wharf Group","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Courtesy of Canary Wharf Group","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-26T12:00:01.176Z","slug":"2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Plus: The blob-shaped new LACMA lands in LA","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"newsletter_campaign","updatedAt":"2026-04-26T12:00:01.177Z","url":"/news/newsletters/2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Charissa Isidro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Charissa Isidro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454547244","alt":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","credit":"Photographer: Courtesy of Canary Wharf Group","caption":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","type":"image","title":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design Edition","id":"TE3O01KIP3IT00","headline":{"text":"How a Marathon Shaped London’s Canary Wharf District","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Plus: The blob-shaped new LACMA lands in LA","html":"Plus: The blob-shaped new LACMA lands in LA","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-26T12:00:01.176Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-26T12:00:01.177Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454547244","alt":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","credit":"Photographer: Courtesy of Canary Wharf Group","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"London Marathon Canary Wharf","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaXGjTW7wBoY/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2026-04-26/how-a-marathon-shaped-london-s-central-canary-wharf-business-district","byline":"Kriston Capps and Charissa Isidro","type":"newsletter_campaign","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AIRPORT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AVIATION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRETRANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGNNL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HEAVYCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSEUMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLETTER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLTRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PASSTRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TINTINCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRACK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNEWSLTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNLCMPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Carolina A. Miranda","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"For Better or Worse, the New LACMA Is an Instant LA Icon","id":"TE01GKKIJHAH00","image":{"alt":"David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eEric Thayer/Los Angeles Times\u0026nbsp;via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"A drone view of the David Geffen Galleries on March 31, 2026 in Los Angeles.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA drone view of the David Geffen Galleries on March 31, 2026 in Los Angeles.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Eric Thayer/Los Angeles Times\u0026nbsp;via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eEric Thayer/Los Angeles Times\u0026nbsp;via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-24T13:00:20.238Z","slug":"2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"The blob-shaped David Geffen Galleries at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art offers architectural drama inside and out, sometimes at the expense of the art. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-24T13:00:20.239Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"454541456","alt":"A drone view of the David Geffen Galleries on March 31, 2026 in Los Angeles.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Eric Thayer/Los Angeles Times\u0026nbsp;via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA drone view of the David Geffen Galleries on March 31, 2026 in Los Angeles.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TE01GKKIJHAH00","headline":{"text":"For Better or Worse, the New LACMA Is an Instant LA Icon","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The blob-shaped David Geffen Galleries at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art offers architectural drama inside and out, sometimes at the expense of the art. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe blob-shaped David Geffen Galleries at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art offers architectural drama inside and out, sometimes\u0026nbsp;at the expense of the art.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-24T13:00:20.238Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-24T13:00:20.239Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454541456","alt":"David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Eric Thayer/Los Angeles Times\u0026nbsp;via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"David Geffen Galleries at the LACMA","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iu1qqgmMwKHQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-24/peter-zumthor-s-los-angeles-county-museum-mirrors-la","byline":"Carolina A. Miranda","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016114NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AIRPORT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AVIATION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CHINA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LACMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LOSANG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSEUMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PAINTING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PASSTRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCULPTURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIBET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRAVEL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USNATIONAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USWE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"David Zipper","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"Perspective","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"perspective","headline":"Why Cities Shouldn’t Fall For the Robotaxi Hype","id":"TDWEW8KIUPXX00","image":{"alt":"US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCharly Triballeau/AFP\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Perspective","lede":{"alt":"A Waymo self-driving car testing in Manhattan in December 2025.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA Waymo self-driving car testing in Manhattan in December 2025.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Charly Triballeau/AFP\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCharly Triballeau/AFP\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-22T14:00:08.436Z","slug":"2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Transportation historian Peter Norton sees a pattern in the promises that autonomous vehicle companies make as they push self-driving cars into cities. ","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-22T14:00:08.437Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454332883","alt":"A Waymo self-driving car testing in Manhattan in December 2025.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Charly Triballeau/AFP\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA Waymo self-driving car testing in Manhattan in December 2025.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Perspective","id":"TDWEW8KIUPXX00","headline":{"text":"Why Cities Shouldn’t Fall For the Robotaxi Hype","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Transportation historian Peter Norton sees a pattern in the promises that autonomous vehicle companies make as they push self-driving cars into cities. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eTransportation historian Peter Norton sees a pattern in the promises that\u0026nbsp;autonomous vehicle companies make as they push self-driving cars\u0026nbsp;into cities.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"perspective","publishedAt":"2026-04-22T14:00:08.436Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-22T14:00:08.437Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454332883","alt":"US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Charly Triballeau/AFP\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"US-ECONOMY-AUTOMOBILE-ELECTRIC-WAYMO","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iOkxzw9iOY98/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-22/nyc-s-waymo-pause-sends-message-to-other-cities-on-autonomous-vehicles","byline":"David Zipper","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUTOMOTIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CARCRASH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DRIVERLESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUMANDIS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MANHATTAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SEASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TEC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRNCRASH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Souhail Karam","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Souhail Karam","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Souhail Karam","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"A Rocket-Inspired Skyscraper Is Morocco's Latest Drawcard","id":"TDURMUKGIFPH00","image":{"alt":"MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eIssam Zerrok/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The Mohammed VI Tower that sits between Rabat and twin city Sale.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mohammed VI Tower that sits between Rabat and twin city Sale.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Issam Zerrok/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eIssam Zerrok/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T16:40:06.084Z","slug":"2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"A showpiece 820-foot tower overlooking the capital is finally open for business.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-22T07:11:33.974Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Souhail Karam","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Souhail Karam","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454327938","alt":"The Mohammed VI Tower that sits between Rabat and twin city Sale.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Issam Zerrok/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Mohammed VI Tower that sits between Rabat and twin city Sale.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1331,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TDURMUKGIFPH00","headline":{"text":"A Rocket-Inspired Skyscraper Is Morocco's Latest Drawcard","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"A showpiece 820-foot tower overlooking the capital is finally open for business.","html":"\u003cp\u003eA showpiece 820-foot tower overlooking the capital is\u0026nbsp;finally open\u0026nbsp;for business.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T16:40:06.084Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-23T17:42:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-22T07:11:33.974Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454327938","alt":"MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Issam Zerrok/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"MOROCCO-RABAT-URBAN-TRANSFORMATION-PATRIMONY","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ihFU43Cv4RX0/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1331,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-21/morocco-s-latest-attraction-is-a-rocket-inspired-tower-outside-rabat","byline":"Souhail Karam","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRGOVTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ7","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AIRPORT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AVIATION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNCAPETOW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CAIROX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDITKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOFFICE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEBTKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLTKR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FXKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBALMACR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GULFTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MACRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MACROLIGHT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MIDEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOROC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIAFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NASA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OTSPORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PASSTRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RATESKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCIENCE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPACE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPORTBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRAVEL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UPDATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEALTH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"David Zipper","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"Perspective","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"perspective","headline":"Searching for the ‘Smoking Gun’ in US Pedestrian Deaths","id":"TDHG0AKIJHAL00","image":{"alt":"City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eBrett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Perspective","lede":{"alt":"Sun Belt cities like Houston have some of the\u0026nbsp;highest rates of\u0026nbsp;pedestrian deaths in the US.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eSun Belt cities like Houston have some of the\u0026nbsp;highest rates of\u0026nbsp;pedestrian deaths in the US.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eBrett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-14T12:00:10.588Z","slug":"2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Why did American streets get so deadly for those on foot or bikes? A leading transportation safety researcher sees some surprising factors behind the crisis. ","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-14T12:00:10.590Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453680622","alt":"Sun Belt cities like Houston have some of the\u0026nbsp;highest rates of\u0026nbsp;pedestrian deaths in the US.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eSun Belt cities like Houston have some of the\u0026nbsp;highest rates of\u0026nbsp;pedestrian deaths in the US.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Perspective","id":"TDHG0AKIJHAL00","headline":{"text":"Searching for the ‘Smoking Gun’ in US Pedestrian Deaths","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Why did American streets get so deadly for those on foot or bikes? A leading transportation safety researcher sees some surprising factors behind the crisis. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eWhy did American streets get so\u0026nbsp;deadly for those on foot or bikes? A leading transportation safety researcher sees some surprising factors behind the crisis.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"perspective","publishedAt":"2026-04-14T12:00:10.588Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-21T18:05:50.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-14T12:00:10.590Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453680622","alt":"City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Brett Coomer/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images)\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"City council is voting on the Bissonnet Corridor Safe Streets Project","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iXOnLjIkb9Ck/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-14/what-s-really-driving-the-pedestrian-safety-crisis-in-us-cities","byline":"David Zipper","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUTOMOTIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVTRANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CARCRASH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DOT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVID19","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVIDNAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVIDST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUMANDIS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NHTSA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRNCRASH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Linda Poon and Sarah Holder","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Sarah Holder","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Sarah Holder","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/transportation","text":"Transportation","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"solutions","headline":"Global Cities Relearn an Old Lesson: How to Weather an Oil Shock","id":"TCVE10KIUPW200","image":{"alt":"A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eAmarjeet kumar Singh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Transportation","lede":{"alt":"A gas station\u0026nbsp;attendant in New Delhi fills the tank of a customer’s\u0026nbsp;motorcycle in March.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA gas station\u0026nbsp;attendant in New Delhi fills the tank of a customer’s\u0026nbsp;motorcycle in March.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Amarjeet kumar Singh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eAmarjeet kumar Singh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-02T14:10:12.669Z","slug":"2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Past energy shortages triggered gas-saving policy changes and a surge of ridership — and funding — for public transit. What will this oil crisis bring?","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-02T14:10:12.669Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Sarah Holder","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Sarah Holder","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453163841","alt":"A gas station\u0026nbsp;attendant in New Delhi fills the tank of a customer’s\u0026nbsp;motorcycle in March.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Amarjeet kumar Singh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA gas station\u0026nbsp;attendant in New Delhi fills the tank of a customer’s\u0026nbsp;motorcycle in March.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Transportation","id":"TCVE10KIUPW200","headline":{"text":"Global Cities Relearn an Old Lesson: How to Weather an Oil Shock","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Past energy shortages triggered gas-saving policy changes and a surge of ridership — and funding — for public transit. What will this oil crisis bring?","html":"\u003cp\u003ePast energy shortages triggered gas-saving policy changes and a surge of ridership —\u0026nbsp;and funding —\u0026nbsp;for public transit. What will this oil crisis bring?\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"solutions","publishedAt":"2026-04-02T14:10:12.669Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-10T13:52:16.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-02T14:10:12.669Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453163841","alt":"A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Amarjeet kumar Singh/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"A petrol pump attendant fills fuel in a bike at a petrol","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iaAFLCcJy.mk/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-02/iran-war-revives-1970s-style-gas-saving-policies-transit-ridership","byline":"Linda Poon and Sarah Holder","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ACEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLFEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALTNRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIATOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BALKANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BELG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BENELUX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CARSHARE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CASPIAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDGLOMAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FEAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GASOLINE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOMACBB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GULF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IRAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JPMFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MIDEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGIND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILGASCOAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILPROD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PAK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SEASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOUTHASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"THAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UNREST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WAR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WFH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ4","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Alexandra Lange","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Alexandra Lange","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alexandra Lange","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Single-Family Homes Aren't Just for Nuclear Families","id":"TD8824KGZANP00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Cameron Blaylock","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"“The House Transformed” brings together 44 new architectural takes on the single-family home.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003e“The House Transformed” brings together 44 new architectural takes on the single-family home.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Cameron Blaylock","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Cameron Blaylock","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-09T12:30:04.686Z","slug":"2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"In a new exhibit, architects imagine radical designs to fit more living arrangements, from empty nesters and housemates to multigenerational families.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-10T16:01:36.790Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Alexandra Lange","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alexandra Lange","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453402015","alt":"“The House Transformed” brings together 44 new architectural takes on the single-family home.","credit":"Photographer: Cameron Blaylock","caption":"\u003cp\u003e“The House Transformed” brings together 44 new architectural takes on the single-family home.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":null,"origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TD8824KGZANP00","headline":{"text":"Single-Family Homes Aren't Just for Nuclear Families","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"In a new exhibit, architects imagine radical designs to fit more living arrangements, from empty nesters and housemates to multigenerational families.","html":"\u003cp\u003eIn a new exhibit, architects imagine radical designs\u0026nbsp;to fit more living arrangements, from empty nesters and housemates to multigenerational families.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-09T12:30:04.686Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-14T14:49:48.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-10T16:01:36.790Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453402015","alt":null,"credit":"Photographer: Cameron Blaylock","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ir2m9y4VQI4k/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":null,"origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-09/architects-imagine-new-home-designs-for-more-than-the-nuclear-family","byline":"Alexandra Lange","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BALKANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSEUMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TMT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UPDATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USNE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Trump’s ‘Triumphal Arch’ Is Vastly Larger Than Other Washington Monuments","id":"TDLKU7KGIFPK00","image":{"alt":"Trump’s Monumental Arch","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;Harrison Design\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1196,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Trump’s monumental arch would be one of the largest monuments in the US, if it gets built as planned.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eTrump’s monumental arch would be one of the largest monuments in the US, if it gets built as planned.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;Harrison Design\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1196,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Trump’s Monumental Arch","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;Harrison Design\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1196,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-16T17:34:55.103Z","slug":"2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Interior Secretary Doug Burgum pitched the president’s plan for a 250-foot-tall monument before a federal design commission — and a very skeptical public.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-16T17:34:55.102Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453973236","alt":"Trump’s monumental arch would be one of the largest monuments in the US, if it gets built as planned.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;Harrison Design\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eTrump’s monumental arch would be one of the largest monuments in the US, if it gets built as planned.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Trump’s Monumental Arch","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1196,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1196,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TDLKU7KGIFPK00","headline":{"text":"Trump’s ‘Triumphal Arch’ Is Vastly Larger Than Other Washington Monuments","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Interior Secretary Doug Burgum pitched the president’s plan for a 250-foot-tall monument before a federal design commission — and a very skeptical public.","html":"\u003cp\u003eInterior Secretary Doug Burgum\u0026nbsp;pitched the president’s plan for a\u0026nbsp;250-foot-tall monument before a federal design\u0026nbsp;commission — and a very skeptical public.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-16T17:34:55.103Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-23T17:42:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-16T17:34:55.102Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453973236","alt":"Trump’s Monumental Arch","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;Harrison Design\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Trump’s Monumental Arch","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNcvvCKdZJqA/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1196,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1196,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-16/trump-s-triumphal-arch-takes-a-step-toward-approval-in-dc","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIOINSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAWSUITS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LITIGATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POSITIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCULPTURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPCHART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WASHNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Matthew Ponsford","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/environment","text":"Environment","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"solutions","headline":"Inside Bucharest’s Accidental Urban Wilderness","id":"TD7Q04KIJH9M00","image":{"alt":"Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Cristinatrif/iStockphoto","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Environment","lede":{"alt":"Vacaresti Natural Park is the first urban protected area in Romania, and the largest green space of its capital, Bucharest.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"Vacaresti Natural Park is the first urban protected area in Romania, and the largest green space of its capital, Bucharest.","credit":"Photographer: Cristinatrif/iStockphoto","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Cristinatrif/iStockphoto","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-09T06:00:04.666Z","slug":"2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"In Romania’s capital, a failed communist-era megaproject has become a template for a new generation of “natural parks” that offer room for wildlife and people. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-09T06:00:04.668Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"451960966","alt":"Vacaresti Natural Park is the first urban protected area in Romania, and the largest green space of its capital, Bucharest.","credit":"Photographer: Cristinatrif/iStockphoto","caption":"Vacaresti Natural Park is the first urban protected area in Romania, and the largest green space of its capital, Bucharest.","type":"image","title":"Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Environment","id":"TD7Q04KIJH9M00","headline":{"text":"Inside Bucharest’s Accidental Urban Wilderness","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"In Romania’s capital, a failed communist-era megaproject has become a template for a new generation of “natural parks” that offer room for wildlife and people. ","html":"\u003cp\u003e\u003cspan\u003eIn Romania’s capital, a failed communist-era megaproject has become a template for a new generation of “natural parks”\u0026nbsp;that offer room for wildlife and people.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/span\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"solutions","publishedAt":"2026-04-09T06:00:04.666Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-16T18:27:05.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-09T06:00:04.668Z","thumbnail":{"id":"451960966","alt":"Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania","credit":"Photographer: Cristinatrif/iStockphoto","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Vacaresti Natural Park, Bucharest, Romania","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iNgn98ovkG6E/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-09/bucharest-builds-an-accidental-park-in-a-communist-era-megaproject","byline":"Matthew Ponsford","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANIMAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BALKANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BASIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIODIVERSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNBUCHARE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUCHAREST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGNATCAP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FEAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRONTIER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRONTOV1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRONTOV2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT10","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCLEGAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ROM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEATHER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Micah Barkley","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Micah Barkley","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Micah Barkley","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/transportation","text":"Transportation","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"What Bikers Really Need in the Global South","id":"TDJC28KGIFWW00","image":{"alt":"A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePiyas Biswas/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Transportation","lede":{"alt":"A cyclist rides at the edge of a car lane\u0026nbsp;in Dhaka.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA cyclist rides at the edge of a car lane\u0026nbsp;in Dhaka.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Piyas Biswas/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePiyas Biswas/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-15T12:30:08.544Z","slug":"2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"In Delhi, Accra and Dhaka, most cyclists are low-income people who rely on bikes despite perilous riding conditions. Yet new bike lanes are built for the elite. ","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-15T12:30:08.544Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Micah Barkley","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Micah Barkley","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453776048","alt":"A cyclist rides at the edge of a car lane\u0026nbsp;in Dhaka.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Piyas Biswas/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA cyclist rides at the edge of a car lane\u0026nbsp;in Dhaka.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1024,"height":683,"size":"small","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Transportation","id":"TDJC28KGIFWW00","headline":{"text":"What Bikers Really Need in the Global South","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"In Delhi, Accra and Dhaka, most cyclists are low-income people who rely on bikes despite perilous riding conditions. Yet new bike lanes are built for the elite. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eIn Delhi, Accra and Dhaka, most cyclists are low-income people who rely on bikes despite perilous riding conditions. Yet new bike lanes are built for the elite.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-15T12:30:08.544Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-16T18:27:05.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-15T12:30:08.544Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453776048","alt":"A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Piyas Biswas/SOPA Images/LightRocket via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"A cyclist rides on the side of the road as vehicles drive by","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iQaQZ3f0fAwI/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1024,"height":683,"size":null,"origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-15/how-to-support-bikers-in-delhi-accra-dhaka","byline":"Micah Barkley","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ACCRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BANGLA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECOWAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUALITY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRONTIER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRONTOV2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GHANA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JPMFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENTORING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWDELHI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOUTHASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUBSAHARAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Rthvika Suvarna and Gabrielle Ng","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Rthvika Suvarna","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Rthvika Suvarna","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Gabrielle Ng","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Gabrielle Ng","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/government","text":"Government","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Singapore’s New Worker Dorm Tests Government’s Public Health Pledge","id":"TD7104KIJHIY00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"JTC Corp.","origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Government","lede":{"alt":"The NESST Tukang Dormitory in Singapore.\u0026nbsp;It is\u0026nbsp;the first migrant worker\u0026nbsp;housing to be wholly owned by the government.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iBlKdOEoG4UA/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe NESST Tukang Dormitory in Singapore.\u0026nbsp;It is\u0026nbsp;the first migrant worker\u0026nbsp;housing to be wholly owned by the government.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: JTC Corp.\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"JTC Corp.","origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-08T21:00:04.811Z","slug":"2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Advocates are concerned such infrastructure isn’t keeping pace with the rapid increase in foreign worker numbers.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-08T21:00:04.811Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Rthvika Suvarna","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Rthvika Suvarna","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Gabrielle Ng","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Gabrielle Ng","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453439213","alt":"The NESST Tukang Dormitory in Singapore.\u0026nbsp;It is\u0026nbsp;the first migrant worker\u0026nbsp;housing to be wholly owned by the government.","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: JTC Corp.\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe NESST Tukang Dormitory in Singapore.\u0026nbsp;It is\u0026nbsp;the first migrant worker\u0026nbsp;housing to be wholly owned by the government.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iBlKdOEoG4UA/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Government","id":"TD7104KIJHIY00","headline":{"text":"Singapore’s New Worker Dorm Tests Government’s Public Health Pledge","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Advocates are concerned such infrastructure isn’t keeping pace with the rapid increase in foreign worker numbers.","html":"\u003cp\u003eAdvocates are concerned such infrastructure isn’t keeping pace with the rapid increase in foreign worker numbers.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-08T21:00:04.811Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-10T13:52:16.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-08T21:00:04.811Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453079919","alt":null,"credit":"JTC Corp.","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilBdyj.YhbDg/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2200,"height":1467,"size":null,"origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-08/singapore-dormitory-tests-pledge-to-improve-migrant-worker-housing-post-covid","byline":"Rthvika Suvarna and Gabrielle Ng","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AIRPORT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFINANCE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIASTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIASTORY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AVIATION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BANGLA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYG5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDTASTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROSTORY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINANCEME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HEAVYCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IMMIGRATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENTORING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIFRONT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PASSTRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SEASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SGTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SGTOPZ1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SGTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOUTHASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPCHART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TYO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"Analysis","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Despite Court Order, White House Ballroom Gets Final Approval","id":"TCVPVHKIUPS100","image":{"alt":"Trump's Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who's Who Of US Oil","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Al Drago/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Analysis","lede":{"alt":"The demolished East Wing construction site where Trump plans to build his new ballroom looms behind Vice President JD Vance, Trump, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe demolished East Wing construction site where Trump plans to build his new ballroom looms behind Vice President JD Vance, Trump, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Al Drago/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Trump's Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who's Who Of US Oil","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Al Drago/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-02T18:26:05.135Z","slug":"2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"A federal agency received tens of thousands of public comments critical of the lavish East Wing project that Trump has bulldozed through Washington.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-02T18:26:05.135Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"453216144","alt":"The demolished East Wing construction site where Trump plans to build his new ballroom looms behind Vice President JD Vance, Trump, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio.","credit":"Photographer: Al Drago/Bloomberg","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe demolished East Wing construction site where Trump plans to build his new ballroom looms behind Vice President JD Vance, Trump, and Secretary of State Marco Rubio.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Trump's Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who's Who Of US Oil","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Analysis","id":"TCVPVHKIUPS100","headline":{"text":"Despite Court Order, White House Ballroom Gets Final Approval","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"A federal agency received tens of thousands of public comments critical of the lavish East Wing project that Trump has bulldozed through Washington.","html":"\u003cp\u003eA federal agency received tens of thousands of public comments critical of the lavish East Wing project that Trump has bulldozed through Washington.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-02T18:26:05.135Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-10T13:52:16.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-04-02T18:26:05.135Z","thumbnail":{"id":"453216144","alt":"Trump's Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who's Who Of US Oil","credit":"Photographer: Al Drago/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Trump's Venezuela Meeting Is Shaping Up To Be A Who's Who Of US Oil","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i0dfZdH_Jtm4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-02/trump-s-white-house-ballroom-gets-final-approval-despite-court-order","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COINSTAMP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COLLECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAWPRAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WASHNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Patrick Sisson","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/government","text":"Government","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"solutions","headline":"The Nonprofit Group Disrupting the Homeless Services Sector","id":"TCROOMKIJHB900","image":{"alt":"A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Government","lede":{"alt":"An Urban Alchemy\u0026nbsp;worker patrols a permitted tent\u0026nbsp;site operated by Urban Alchemy in South LA in 2023.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn Urban Alchemy\u0026nbsp;worker patrols a permitted tent\u0026nbsp;site operated by Urban Alchemy in South LA in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-31T14:09:58.617Z","slug":"2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"San Francisco-based Urban Alchemy runs shelters and patrols streets in several cities, armed with a salty slogan, a controversial model and a reputation for moving fast. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-31T14:09:58.617Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"452918900","alt":"An Urban Alchemy\u0026nbsp;worker patrols a permitted tent\u0026nbsp;site operated by Urban Alchemy in South LA in 2023.","credit":"Photographer: Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn Urban Alchemy\u0026nbsp;worker patrols a permitted tent\u0026nbsp;site operated by Urban Alchemy in South LA in 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Government","id":"TCROOMKIJHB900","headline":{"text":"The Nonprofit Group Disrupting the Homeless Services Sector","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"San Francisco-based Urban Alchemy runs shelters and patrols streets in several cities, armed with a salty slogan, a controversial model and a reputation for moving fast. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eSan Francisco-based Urban Alchemy runs\u0026nbsp;shelters and patrols\u0026nbsp;streets\u0026nbsp;in several cities, armed with a salty slogan, a controversial\u0026nbsp;model\u0026nbsp;and a reputation for moving fast.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"solutions","publishedAt":"2026-03-31T14:09:58.617Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-06T14:52:08.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-31T14:09:58.617Z","thumbnail":{"id":"452918900","alt":"A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit","credit":"Photographer: Jay L. Clendenin/Los Angeles Times","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"A homeless site of camping tents, in south central, Los Angeles, administered by Urban Alchemy, a San Francisco-based homeless services nonprofit","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iw7dPSrtCZpM/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-31/in-la-and-sf-urban-alchemy-offers-an-unorthodox-fix-for-homelessness","byline":"Patrick Sisson","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLMUN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRIME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DENVER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVID19","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVIDNAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCOVIDST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LOSANG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHILANTHRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SANFRAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USWE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Linda Poon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"What Urban Planning’s Past Says About Tomorrow’s Cities","id":"TCK404KGCTKQ00","image":{"alt":"PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCarlos Costa/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"An aerial view of central Lisbon, which was largely reconstructed after a devastating 1755 earthquake.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn aerial view of central Lisbon, which was largely reconstructed after a devastating 1755 earthquake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Carlos Costa/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCarlos Costa/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-27T12:00:04.698Z","slug":"2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"A new book from Harvard scholar Bruno Carvalho marks the milestones and missteps that have shaped urbanization patterns around the world.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-27T12:00:04.699Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"452532435","alt":"An aerial view of central Lisbon, which was largely reconstructed after a devastating 1755 earthquake.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Carlos Costa/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn aerial view of central Lisbon, which was largely reconstructed after a devastating 1755 earthquake.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TCK404KGCTKQ00","headline":{"text":"What Urban Planning’s Past Says About Tomorrow’s Cities","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"A new book from Harvard scholar Bruno Carvalho marks the milestones and missteps that have shaped urbanization patterns around the world.","html":"\u003cp\u003eA new book from Harvard scholar Bruno Carvalho marks the milestones and missteps that have shaped urbanization patterns around the world.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-27T12:00:04.698Z","curatedAt":"2026-04-06T14:52:08.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-27T12:00:04.699Z","thumbnail":{"id":"452532435","alt":"PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Carlos Costa/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"PORTUGAL-HEALTH-VIRUS-LOCKDOWN","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifrOQzHSqLX8/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-27/inventing-the-cities-of-future-with-lessons-from-the-past","byline":"Linda Poon","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BASIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BOOK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRASILIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRAZIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LISBON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MANHATTAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCILATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PORTUG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOUTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Damian Shepherd","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Damian Shepherd","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Damian Shepherd","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"London Urgently Needs New Homes. Why Can’t It Build Them?","id":"TCJKK9KIJH9A00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Ayesha Kazim for Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"Dean Gardens, an unfinished housing development,\u0026nbsp;in London’s\u0026nbsp;West Ealing district.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iS.Jw.7j45og/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eDean Gardens, an unfinished housing development,\u0026nbsp;in London’s\u0026nbsp;West Ealing district.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Ayesha Kazim/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Ayesha Kazim for Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-27T05:00:09.876Z","slug":"2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"A mix of economic and bureaucratic factors mean that home construction in the UK capital has largely stalled out.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-27T05:00:09.877Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Damian Shepherd","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Damian Shepherd","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"452475030","alt":"Dean Gardens, an unfinished housing development,\u0026nbsp;in London’s\u0026nbsp;West Ealing district.","credit":"Photographer: Ayesha Kazim/Bloomberg","caption":"\u003cp\u003eDean Gardens, an unfinished housing development,\u0026nbsp;in London’s\u0026nbsp;West Ealing district.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iS.Jw.7j45og/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TCJKK9KIJH9A00","headline":{"text":"London Urgently Needs New Homes. Why Can’t It Build Them?","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"A mix of economic and bureaucratic factors mean that home construction in the UK capital has largely stalled out.","html":"\u003cp\u003eA mix of economic and bureaucratic factors mean that home construction in the UK capital has largely stalled out.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-27T05:00:09.876Z","curatedAt":"2026-03-31T17:52:22.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-27T05:00:09.877Z","thumbnail":{"id":"452778475","alt":null,"credit":"Photographer: Ayesha Kazim for Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/itJpe5OqfuiE/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-27/london-housebuilding-struggle-to-keep-up-with-growing-population","byline":"Damian Shepherd","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ACEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLFEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANONYMOUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDTEUTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7ECOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDSYNLOAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Andrew Zaleski","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Andrew Zaleski","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Andrew Zaleski","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/environment","text":"Environment","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"In Parks and on Rooftops, Urban Beekeeping Takes Flight","id":"TCI9C4KIJHDG00","image":{"alt":"Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Conley/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":3000,"origHeight":2209,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Environment","lede":{"alt":"A beekeeper tends a hive on the roof of the Norton Rose Fulbright Tower in downtown Sugar Land, Texas, 2025.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA beekeeper tends a hive on the roof of the Norton Rose Fulbright Tower in downtown Sugar Land, Texas, 2025.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Elizabeth Conley/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":3000,"origHeight":2209,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eElizabeth Conley/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":3000,"origHeight":2209,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-26T12:00:04.578Z","slug":"2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Raising honeybees in the city has emerged as a popular sustainability practice — and a big business. But hives can also leave native pollinators in a sticky fix. ","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-03-26T12:00:04.579Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Andrew Zaleski","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Andrew Zaleski","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"452304007","alt":"A beekeeper tends a hive on the roof of the Norton Rose Fulbright Tower in downtown Sugar Land, Texas, 2025.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Elizabeth Conley/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA beekeeper tends a hive on the roof of the Norton Rose Fulbright Tower in downtown Sugar Land, Texas, 2025.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":3000,"height":2209,"size":"small","origWidth":3000,"origHeight":2209,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Environment","id":"TCI9C4KIJHDG00","headline":{"text":"In Parks and on Rooftops, Urban Beekeeping Takes Flight","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Raising honeybees in the city has emerged as a popular sustainability practice — and a big business. But hives can also leave native pollinators in a sticky fix. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eRaising honeybees in the city has emerged as a popular sustainability practice —\u0026nbsp;and a big\u0026nbsp;business. But hives can also leave native pollinators\u0026nbsp;in a sticky fix.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-26T12:00:04.578Z","curatedAt":"2026-03-31T17:52:22.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-26T12:00:04.579Z","thumbnail":{"id":"452304007","alt":"Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Elizabeth Conley/Houston Chronicle via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Urban Beekeeping - Beekeeper Brian VanMiddendorp","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iI74dESLiQeA/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":3000,"height":2209,"size":null,"origWidth":3000,"origHeight":2209,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-26/urban-beekeeping-is-booming-but-how-many-hives-can-a-city-handle","byline":"Andrew Zaleski","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANIMAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BEEKEEP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBCM3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPCHART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Alex Vasquez and Amy Stillman","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Alex Vasquez","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alex Vasquez","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Amy Stillman","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Amy Stillman","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/housing","text":"Housing","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Mexico City Evictions Make Way for Pricier Housing","id":"TCG95SKIP3RC00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFred Ramos/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Housing","lede":{"alt":"A corner of República de Cuba Street in Mexico City’s historic center, where 20 families were evicted from a building.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA corner of República de Cuba Street in Mexico City’s historic center, where 20 families were evicted from a building.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Fred Ramos/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFred Ramos/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-25T10:01:04.763Z","slug":"2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Evictions of whole buildings are one cause of anger as locals are priced out of more neighborhoods. Tensions are only rising as the World Cup approaches. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-25T10:01:04.763Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Alex Vasquez","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alex Vasquez","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Amy Stillman","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Amy Stillman","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"451025595","alt":"A corner of República de Cuba Street in Mexico City’s historic center, where 20 families were evicted from a building.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Fred Ramos/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA corner of República de Cuba Street in Mexico City’s historic center, where 20 families were evicted from a building.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Housing","id":"TCG95SKIP3RC00","headline":{"text":"Mexico City Evictions Make Way for Pricier Housing","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Evictions of whole buildings are one cause of anger as locals are priced out of more neighborhoods. Tensions are only rising as the World Cup approaches. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eEvictions of whole buildings are one cause of anger as locals are priced out of more\u0026nbsp;neighborhoods. Tensions are only rising as the World Cup approaches.\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-25T10:01:04.763Z","curatedAt":"2026-03-31T17:52:22.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-25T10:01:04.763Z","thumbnail":{"id":"451025595","alt":null,"credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Fred Ramos/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imTZ_Hv0WeLY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-25/whole-building-evictions-reveal-a-fast-changing-mexico-city","byline":"Alex Vasquez and Amy Stillman","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLFND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNMEXICO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRERENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOPZ4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMTOPZ7","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUALITY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FOD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INCINEQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATINFOOT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEXCITY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MINT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCILATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MXECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MXNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MXREIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MXTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORGFOOD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOCCER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPNATOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPNATOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPORTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPWWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPWWTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPSPT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRANS2PT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRANSAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRANSLATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USFW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WCUPALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLDCUP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"David Zipper","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"Perspective","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"perspective","headline":"Could Congestion Pricing Pay Off for Chicago?","id":"TCIHVDKIP3OR00","image":{"alt":"US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eKamil Krzaczynki/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Perspective","lede":{"alt":"Chicagoans are no stranger to congestion, but the problem is more of an issue on the highways outside the city.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eChicagoans are no stranger to congestion, but the problem is more of an issue on the highways outside the city.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Kamil Krzaczynki/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eKamil Krzaczynki/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-26T15:04:25.756Z","slug":"2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Second City leaders have discussed following Manhattan’s lead in tolling roads to ease traffic. But a Chicago-style version of New York’s policy might look very different. ","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-03-26T15:04:25.756Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"David Zipper","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"David Zipper","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"452528538","alt":"Chicagoans are no stranger to congestion, but the problem is more of an issue on the highways outside the city.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Kamil Krzaczynki/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eChicagoans are no stranger to congestion, but the problem is more of an issue on the highways outside the city.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Perspective","id":"TCIHVDKIP3OR00","headline":{"text":"Could Congestion Pricing Pay Off for Chicago?","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Second City leaders have discussed following Manhattan’s lead in tolling roads to ease traffic. But a Chicago-style version of New York’s policy might look very different. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eSecond City leaders have discussed following Manhattan’s\u0026nbsp;lead in tolling roads\u0026nbsp;to ease traffic. But a Chicago-style version of New York’s policy might look very different.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"perspective","publishedAt":"2026-03-26T15:04:25.756Z","curatedAt":"2026-03-26T16:27:12.000Z","updatedAt":"2026-03-26T15:04:25.756Z","thumbnail":{"id":"452528538","alt":"US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Kamil Krzaczynki/AFP via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"US-HOLIDAY-THANKSGIVING-TRAFFIC","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifUg9C31Nj9E/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-03-26/nyc-style-congestion-pricing-could-pay-off-for-chicago-too","byline":"David Zipper","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CHICAGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMUTE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOLL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USWE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"XXCOHORT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":18,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Top Stories","id":"ed8128f5-89f0-469f-8005-f0e828104a16"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2026-04-28T13:37:27.000Z","variation":"3_up","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"top_stories_1":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"top_stories_1","items":[{"archived":false,"audioImage":{"alt":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ikljkujL7yjY/v6/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1999,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"audios":[{"duration":"1115000","url":"https://podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/tracking.swap.fm/track/UVBrz8bN8aM2Xe47PEPu/traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/825d4e29-b616-46f4-afd7-ae2b0013005c/7e2d47ac-7dae-4719-8d69-b34e01370877/audio.mp3","image":{"id":"439307430","alt":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ikljkujL7yjY/v6/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1999,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1999,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Audio"}],"brand":"businessweek","byline":"Sarah Holder and Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Sarah Holder","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Sarah Holder","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"businessweek","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"businessweek","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/housing","text":"Housing","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Trump’s Housing Chief Wants to Build, But With What?","id":"T226GJGQ7LEK00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eIsabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Housing","lede":{"alt":"Turner.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iW76eePeZubI/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eTurner.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Illustration: Isabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek","origWidth":1571,"origHeight":1999,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"audioImage":{"alt":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ikljkujL7yjY/v6/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1999,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eIsabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-09-04T10:00:19.733Z","slug":"2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"HUD Secretary Scott Turner says it’s time to put millions more Americans in homes. He’s also standing by while his agency’s staff and funding disappear.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2025-09-04T10:00:19.733Z","url":"/news/features/2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Sarah Holder","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Sarah Holder","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"439164826","alt":"Turner.","credit":"Illustration: Isabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek","caption":"\u003cp\u003eTurner.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"This image can only be used with attached article for period of 90 days from publication","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iW76eePeZubI/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1571,"height":1999,"size":null,"origWidth":1571,"origHeight":1999,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Housing","id":"T226GJGQ7LEK00","headline":{"text":"Trump’s Housing Chief Wants to Build, But With What?","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"HUD Secretary Scott Turner says it’s time to put millions more Americans in homes. He’s also standing by while his agency’s staff and funding disappear.","html":"\u003cp\u003eHUD Secretary Scott Turner says it’s time to put millions more Americans in homes. He’s also standing by while his agency’s staff and funding disappear.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"businessweek","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-09-04T10:00:19.733Z","curatedAt":"2025-09-18T14:07:44.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-09-04T10:00:19.733Z","thumbnail":{"id":"439164795","alt":null,"credit":"\u003cp\u003eIsabel Seliger for Bloomberg Businessweek\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"This image can only be used with attached article for period of 90 days from publication","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ie2YxtOPO9Vw/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2200,"height":1467,"size":null,"origWidth":2200,"origHeight":1467,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"businessweek","slug":"2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-09-04/fixing-the-us-housing-crisis-is-a-challenge-for-trump-s-hud-chief","byline":"Sarah Holder and Kriston Capps","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011401NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUDIO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVHTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIOINSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZWEEK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZWEEKMAG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BTVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BWFEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CIVRGTSLAW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDITKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREMULTI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRIME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DALLAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEBTKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEMOG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ELECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FAMOFFNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FHA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FXKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7ECOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBALMACR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAWPRAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LAWSUITS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LITIGATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MORINS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PARTNER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PRESELECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RATESKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REPPARTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RLG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RULES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPECIALFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUBDIVIDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SYNDEXCLUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USWE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WASHNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBFEATURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBPROD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[{"duration":"1115000","url":"https://podtrac.com/pts/redirect.mp3/tracking.swap.fm/track/UVBrz8bN8aM2Xe47PEPu/traffic.omny.fm/d/clips/e73c998e-6e60-432f-8610-ae210140c5b1/825d4e29-b616-46f4-afd7-ae2b0013005c/7e2d47ac-7dae-4719-8d69-b34e01370877/audio.mp3","image":{"id":"439307430","alt":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Big Take: Can a Smaller HUD Fix the Housing Crisis? (Podcast)","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ikljkujL7yjY/v6/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1999,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1999,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Audio"}],"newsletter":null,"videos":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/housing","text":"Housing","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Affordable Housing Left Vulnerable After Trump Fires Building Inspectors","id":"T450YHGQ1YWE00","image":{"alt":"Gas Explosion Causes Partial Building Collapse In The Bronx At The Mitchell Houses Complex","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iIySvz0ocmC4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Spencer Platt/Getty Images North America","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Housing","lede":{"alt":"Part of a shaft of a building is sheared off after a gas explosion in the Bronx at the Mitchel Houses on Oct. 01, 2025, in New York City.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iIySvz0ocmC4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePart of a shaft of a building is sheared off after a gas explosion in the Bronx at the Mitchel Houses on Oct. 01, 2025, in New York City.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images North America","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Gas Explosion Causes Partial Building Collapse In The Bronx At The Mitchell Houses Complex","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iIySvz0ocmC4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Spencer Platt/Getty Images North America","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-10-14T20:01:29.849Z","slug":"2025-10-14/after-bronx-public-housing-collapse-hud-laid-off-its-building-inspectors","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"The US Department of Housing and Urban Development cut its inspection team two weeks after a public housing building partially collapsed in the Bronx.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2025-10-14T20:01:29.850Z","url":"/news/articles/2025-10-14/after-bronx-public-housing-collapse-hud-laid-off-its-building-inspectors?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"441925119","alt":"Part of a shaft of a building is sheared off after a gas explosion in the Bronx at the Mitchel Houses on Oct. 01, 2025, in New York City.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images North America","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePart of a shaft of a building is sheared off after a gas explosion in the Bronx at the Mitchel Houses on Oct. 01, 2025, in New York City.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Gas Explosion Causes Partial Building Collapse In The Bronx At The Mitchell Houses Complex","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iIySvz0ocmC4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1024,"height":683,"size":"small","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Housing","id":"T450YHGQ1YWE00","headline":{"text":"Affordable Housing Left Vulnerable After Trump Fires Building Inspectors","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The US Department of Housing and Urban Development cut its inspection team two weeks after a public housing building partially collapsed in the Bronx.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe US Department of Housing and Urban Development cut\u0026nbsp;its\u0026nbsp;inspection team two weeks after a public housing building partially collapsed in the Bronx.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-10-14T20:01:29.849Z","curatedAt":"2025-11-21T15:16:44.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-10-14T20:01:29.850Z","thumbnail":{"id":"441925119","alt":"Gas Explosion Causes Partial Building Collapse In The Bronx At The Mitchell Houses Complex","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images North America","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Gas Explosion Causes Partial Building Collapse In The Bronx At The Mitchell Houses Complex","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iIySvz0ocmC4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1024,"height":683,"size":null,"origWidth":1024,"origHeight":683,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-10-14/after-bronx-public-housing-collapse-hud-laid-off-its-building-inspectors","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2025-10-14/after-bronx-public-housing-collapse-hud-laid-off-its-building-inspectors","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLMUN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRONX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREMULTI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JOBCUTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LABOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POSITIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"newsletter":null,"videos":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Linda Poon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"A Housing Complex Designed to Tackle Loneliness Wins Britain’s Best Building","id":"T5AUHSGPQQ7O00","image":{"alt":"Appleby Blue Almshouse","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iM7tFnsZpGU8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Gary Britton","origWidth":2152,"origHeight":1434,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Communal\u0026nbsp;spaces at\u0026nbsp;Appleby Blue Almshouse link the complex’s senior residents with their neighbords.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iM7tFnsZpGU8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eCommunal\u0026nbsp;spaces at\u0026nbsp;Appleby Blue Almshouse link the complex’s senior residents with their neighbords.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Gary Britton","origWidth":2152,"origHeight":1434,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Appleby Blue Almshouse","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iM7tFnsZpGU8/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Gary Britton","origWidth":2152,"origHeight":1434,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-11-06T10:01:04.831Z","slug":"2025-11-06/london-senior-housing-project-to-combat-loneliness-wins-riba-s-stirling-prize","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"The Royal Institute of British Architects’ Stirling Prize goes to a London senior housing project that uses social space to tackle isolation among older adults.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2025-11-06T10:01:04.831Z","url":"/news/features/2025-11-06/london-senior-housing-project-to-combat-loneliness-wins-riba-s-stirling-prize?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"442929795","alt":"Communal\u0026nbsp;spaces at\u0026nbsp;Appleby Blue Almshouse link the complex’s senior residents with their neighbords.","credit":"Photographer: Gary Britton","caption":"\u003cp\u003eCommunal\u0026nbsp;spaces at\u0026nbsp;Appleby Blue Almshouse link the complex’s senior residents with their neighbords.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Appleby Blue Almshouse","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iM7tFnsZpGU8/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2152,"height":1434,"size":null,"origWidth":2152,"origHeight":1434,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"T5AUHSGPQQ7O00","headline":{"text":"A Housing Complex Designed to Tackle Loneliness Wins Britain’s Best Building","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The Royal Institute of British Architects’ Stirling Prize goes to a London senior housing project that uses social space to tackle isolation among older adults.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Royal Institute of British Architects’ Stirling Prize goes to a London senior housing project that uses social space to tackle isolation among older adults.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-11-06T10:01:04.831Z","curatedAt":"2025-11-21T15:16:44.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-11-06T10:01:04.831Z","thumbnail":{"id":"442929795","alt":"Appleby Blue Almshouse","credit":"Photographer: Gary Britton","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Appleby Blue Almshouse","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iM7tFnsZpGU8/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2152,"height":1434,"size":null,"origWidth":2152,"origHeight":1434,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-11-06/london-senior-housing-project-to-combat-loneliness-wins-riba-s-stirling-prize","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-11-06/london-senior-housing-project-to-combat-loneliness-wins-riba-s-stirling-prize","byline":"Linda Poon","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HCP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HEAFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HEAGVT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SNRLIVING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBFEATURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"newsletter":null,"videos":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":3,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"Housing","tracking":{"title":"Top Stories 2","id":"db6bd343-0050-431e-9634-478c85c4d569"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2025-11-21T15:16:44.000Z","variation":"topic","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"shadow_newsletter_sign_up":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"duplicateOf":"newsletter_sign_up","id":"shadow_newsletter_sign_up","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Shadow Newsletter Sign Up","id":"927ad4b0-a77e-4c99-9d4d-9c490f49c15d"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2024-10-15T13:55:24.000Z","variation":"basic","translatedMessages":{},"source":"shadow"},"shadow_multimedia_box":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"duplicateOf":"multimedia_box","id":"shadow_multimedia_box","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Shadow Multimedia Box","id":"5fa262db-bc59-4c00-bf14-b902ae8b0e58"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2024-10-15T13:55:24.000Z","variation":"basic","translatedMessages":{},"source":"shadow"},"newsletter_sign_up":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"embedUrl":"citylab-weekly","id":"newsletter_sign_up","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"subtitle":"The week’s most thought-provoking stories, ideas and analysis from cities around the world.","theme":"","title":"Get the CityLab Weekly newsletter.","tracking":{"title":"Newsletter Sign Up","id":"157ea330-5ae1-4227-a4d2-3d67227cac69"},"type":"newsletter","updatedAt":"2026-03-20T21:53:29.000Z","variation":"phoenix","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"right_rail_ad_1":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncrement":"1","adPositionIncremented":false,"adType":"newDesktopBoxStandard","autoplay":false,"id":"right_rail_ad_1","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Right Rail Ad 1","id":"dcad83b3-10bc-49b1-9a2e-96d81b326721"},"type":"ad","updatedAt":"2024-08-26T18:05:33.000Z","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"multimedia_box":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"multimedia_box","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic","id":"TE99LQKGZAJ600","image":{"alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Former Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","summary":"In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454994126","alt":"Former Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":"small","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TE99LQKGZAJ600","headline":{"text":"A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.","html":"\u003cp\u003eIn a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454994126","alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":null,"origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MADRID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PARIS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TMT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint","id":"TDUHG8KIUPUL00","image":{"alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","summary":"The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454262800","alt":"The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1500,"height":844,"size":"small","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TDUHG8KIUPUL00","headline":{"text":"Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454262800","alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1500,"height":844,"size":null,"origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CACT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORPFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIDESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDBDAPCA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCEJSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMNALIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MNA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"THEATER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Feargus O'Sullivan","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Feargus O'Sullivan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Feargus O'Sullivan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Britain Says It Hates Brutalism. London Can’t Get Enough of Southbank Centre.","id":"TC52C2KIUPX300","image":{"alt":"Hayward Gallery, London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eChris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1328,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Pops of green and other colors help to explain why Londoners have changed their minds about the Southbank Centre.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePops of green and other colors help to explain why Londoners have changed their minds about the Southbank Centre.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Chris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1328,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Hayward Gallery, London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eChris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1328,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-19T09:00:02.434Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain","summary":"Once dubbed Britain’s ugliest building, the Brutalist arts complex known as the Southbank Centre is now a protected site drawing throngs of Londoners.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-19T09:00:02.433Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Feargus O'Sullivan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Feargus O'Sullivan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"451773230","alt":"Pops of green and other colors help to explain why Londoners have changed their minds about the Southbank Centre.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Chris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePops of green and other colors help to explain why Londoners have changed their minds about the Southbank Centre.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Hayward Gallery, London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1328,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1328,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TC52C2KIUPX300","headline":{"text":"Britain Says It Hates Brutalism. London Can’t Get Enough of Southbank Centre.","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Once dubbed Britain’s ugliest building, the Brutalist arts complex known as the Southbank Centre is now a protected site drawing throngs of Londoners.","html":"\u003cp\u003eOnce dubbed\u0026nbsp;Britain’s ugliest building, the Brutalist arts complex known as the Southbank Centre is now a protected site drawing throngs of Londoners.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-19T09:00:02.434Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-03-19T09:00:02.433Z","thumbnail":{"id":"451773230","alt":"Hayward Gallery, London","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Chris Harris/Universal Images Group/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Hayward Gallery, London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i2efXejHjqJQ/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1328,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1328,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-19/how-london-s-brutalist-southbank-centre-won-over-britain","byline":"Feargus O'Sullivan","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"004969NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLFEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ART","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLASSICAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONCERT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSEUMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PAINTING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PURSUITS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"THEATER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TMT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRAVEL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Mark Byrnes","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Mark Byrnes","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Mark Byrnes","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"In Memphis, an Architectural Oddity From the 1980s Is Ready for a Revival","id":"TC1SJYKGZAM500","image":{"alt":"The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jon Hicks/Stone RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Mud Island River Park and its signature monorail, in happier times.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eMud Island River Park and its signature monorail, in happier times.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Jon Hicks/Stone RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jon Hicks/Stone RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-17T14:35:58.475Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival","summary":"Mud Island Park, home to a forgotten Brutalist entertainment complex and a broken monorail, tries to shake off the dust after years of neglect.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-17T14:35:58.475Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Mark Byrnes","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Mark Byrnes","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"451357215","alt":"Mud Island River Park and its signature monorail, in happier times.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"Photographer: Jon Hicks/Stone RF","caption":"\u003cp\u003eMud Island River Park and its signature monorail, in happier times.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee.","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TC1SJYKGZAM500","headline":{"text":"In Memphis, an Architectural Oddity From the 1980s Is Ready for a Revival","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Mud Island Park, home to a forgotten Brutalist entertainment complex and a broken monorail, tries to shake off the dust after years of neglect.","html":"\u003cp\u003eMud Island Park, home to a forgotten Brutalist entertainment complex and a broken monorail, tries to shake\u0026nbsp;off the dust after years of neglect.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-03-17T14:35:58.475Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-03-17T14:35:58.475Z","thumbnail":{"id":"451357215","alt":"The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee.","credit":"Photographer: Jon Hicks/Stone RF","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"The Mud Island River Park monorail, Memphis, Tennessee.","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ix1gJA6pJZKY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-17/memphis-mud-island-park-modernist-oddity-from-the-1980s-seeks-a-revival","byline":"Mark Byrnes","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLFEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANONYMOUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONCERT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONSD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUSEUMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PURSUITS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RECFAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRAVEL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"James S. Russell","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"solutions","headline":"New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas","id":"TBU6O4KGCTID00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer:\u0026nbsp;Barrett Doherty\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1800,"origHeight":1348,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The reconstructed playing fields and green spaces of East River Park have been raised up several feet to better resist flooding.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe reconstructed playing fields and green spaces of East River Park have been raised up several feet to better resist flooding.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer:\u0026nbsp;Barrett Doherty\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1800,"origHeight":1348,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer:\u0026nbsp;Barrett Doherty\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1800,"origHeight":1348,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-03-13T12:00:04.546Z","relatedStories":[],"slug":"2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan","summary":"After a $1.45 billion makeover, East River Park promises to use massive sea walls and earthen berms to protect Lower Manhattan from flooding. But for how long?","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-03-13T12:00:04.546Z","url":"/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"451274168","alt":"The reconstructed playing fields and green spaces of East River Park have been raised up several feet to better resist flooding.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer:\u0026nbsp;Barrett Doherty\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe reconstructed playing fields and green spaces of East River Park have been raised up several feet to better resist flooding.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1800,"height":1348,"size":null,"origWidth":1800,"origHeight":1348,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TBU6O4KGCTID00","headline":{"text":"New York City Rebuilds a Waterfront Park to Hold Back Rising Seas","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"After a $1.45 billion makeover, East River Park promises to use massive sea walls and earthen berms to protect Lower Manhattan from flooding. But for how long?","html":"\u003cp\u003eAfter a $1.45 billion makeover, East River Park promises to use massive sea walls and earthen berms to protect Lower Manhattan from flooding. But for how long?\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"solutions","publishedAt":"2026-03-13T12:00:04.546Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-03-13T12:00:04.546Z","thumbnail":{"id":"451274168","alt":null,"credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer:\u0026nbsp;Barrett Doherty\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilOPwfGGl9Ps/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1800,"height":1348,"size":null,"origWidth":1800,"origHeight":1348,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-03-13/nyc-s-1-45-billion-bet-to-buy-time-for-flood-prone-manhattan","byline":"James S. Russell","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BADWTHR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFNWTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFRESRCH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BROOKLYN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CACT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORPFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FEDGRANT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIDESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOOD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDBDAPCA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCEJSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMNALIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HUD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MANHATTAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MNA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIGRAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOPZ1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUBDIVIDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEATHER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"XXCOHORT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","related":{"news":[],"__typename":"RelatedStories"},"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"labelUrl":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab/design","layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":5,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"Design","tracking":{"title":"Multimedia Box","id":"10a8cd9a-c553-4ac1-8355-088719d15f8d"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2024-10-14T15:52:12.000Z","variation":"carousel_basic","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"topic_package_3":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"topic_package_3","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Aaron Gordon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"CityLab MapLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"The Life of the Most-Used Citi Bike in New York City","id":"SVA881DWRGG000","image":{"alt":"Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs ","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eMark Kauzlarich/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"CityLab MapLab","lede":{"alt":"Bicycles stand at a\u0026nbsp;Citi Bike station in the Park Slope neighborhood of the Brooklyn.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBicycles stand at a\u0026nbsp;Citi Bike station in the Park Slope neighborhood of the Brooklyn.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Mark Kauzlarich/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs ","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eMark Kauzlarich/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-04-25T16:24:01.446Z","slug":"2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Also today: Judges block Trump’s funding freeze on sanctuary cities and order for proof of citizenship to vote.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"newsletter_campaign","updatedAt":"2025-04-25T16:24:01.446Z","url":"/news/newsletters/2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"431908044","alt":"Bicycles stand at a\u0026nbsp;Citi Bike station in the Park Slope neighborhood of the Brooklyn.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Mark Kauzlarich/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBicycles stand at a\u0026nbsp;Citi Bike station in the Park Slope neighborhood of the Brooklyn.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs ","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"CityLab MapLab","id":"SVA881DWRGG000","headline":{"text":"The Life of the Most-Used Citi Bike in New York City","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Also today: Judges block Trump’s funding freeze on sanctuary cities and order for proof of citizenship to vote.","html":"\u003cp\u003eAlso today: Judges block\u0026nbsp;Trump’s\u0026nbsp;funding freeze on sanctuary cities\u0026nbsp;and order for\u0026nbsp;proof of citizenship to vote.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-04-25T16:24:01.446Z","curatedAt":"2025-05-16T13:32:27.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-25T16:24:01.446Z","thumbnail":{"id":"431908044","alt":"Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs ","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Mark Kauzlarich/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Commuters Use Citi Bikes As Program Expands Into Other Boroughs ","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iop7aszO0YOw/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-04-25/mapping-the-life-of-nyc-s-most-used-citi-bike-citylab-daily","byline":"Aaron Gordon","type":"newsletter_campaign","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011400NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BROOKLYN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLABNL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORPFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DATAJRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MANHATTAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLETTER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCUPTOWN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCUPWEST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PZN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USNE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNEWSLTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNLCMPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Linda Poon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"CityLab MapLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Trump Put ‘Gulf of America’ on the Map","id":"SRL5TVDWRGG000","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":2116,"origHeight":1344,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"CityLab MapLab","lede":{"alt":"An updated Google map shows the Gulf of America on February 10, 2025 in San Anselmo, California.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iAwvCk6ZJe9Q/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn updated Google map shows the Gulf of America on February 10, 2025 in San Anselmo, California.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images North America","origWidth":1024,"origHeight":677,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":2116,"origHeight":1344,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-02-12T19:51:31.781Z","slug":"2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"US users of Google and Apple maps will now see Trump’s preferred name for the body of water that the country shares with Mexico.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"newsletter_campaign","updatedAt":"2025-02-12T19:51:31.780Z","url":"/news/newsletters/2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Linda Poon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Linda Poon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"427144868","alt":"An updated Google map shows the Gulf of America on February 10, 2025 in San Anselmo, California.","credit":"Photographer: Justin Sullivan/Getty Images North America","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn updated Google map shows the Gulf of America on February 10, 2025 in San Anselmo, California.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Google To Change Gulf Of Mexico To Gulf Of America On Maps App","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iAwvCk6ZJe9Q/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":1024,"height":677,"size":null,"origWidth":1024,"origHeight":677,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"CityLab MapLab","id":"SRL5TVDWRGG000","headline":{"text":"How Trump Put ‘Gulf of America’ on the Map","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"US users of Google and Apple maps will now see Trump’s preferred name for the body of water that the country shares with Mexico.","html":"\u003cp\u003eUS users of Google and Apple maps will now see Trump’s preferred name for the body of water that the country shares with Mexico.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-02-12T19:51:31.781Z","curatedAt":"2025-09-16T18:24:14.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-02-12T19:51:31.780Z","thumbnail":{"id":"427143882","alt":null,"credit":"Photographer: ","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imZQo3fCVlis/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2116,"height":1344,"size":null,"origWidth":2116,"origHeight":1344,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-02-12/google-apple-rename-gulf-of-mexico-to-gulf-of-america-on-maps-citylab-maplab","byline":"Linda Poon","type":"newsletter_campaign","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011400NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYG5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DOT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EPA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GULF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HURRICANE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAPLABNL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEXGULF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MIDEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLETTER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLTRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SEASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TEC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USWE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEATHER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNEWSLTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNLCMPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Aaron Gordon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"MapLab","bybrowEligible":false},"franchise":"maplab","headline":"Where Is Traveling by Train a Good Option in the US?","id":"T7BO44KGCTGV00","image":{"alt":"Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Graeme Sloan/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"MapLab","lede":{"alt":"Amtrak trains at Union Station in Washington, DC.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAmtrak trains at Union Station in Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Graeme Sloan/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Graeme Sloan/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-12-15T17:48:04.867Z","slug":"2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily","summary":"When air travel falters, how many travelers even have the train available as backup?","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"newsletter_campaign","updatedAt":"2025-12-15T17:48:04.867Z","url":"/news/newsletters/2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"445958958","alt":"Amtrak trains at Union Station in Washington, DC.","credit":"Photographer: Graeme Sloan/Bloomberg","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAmtrak trains at Union Station in Washington, DC.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"MapLab","id":"T7BO44KGCTGV00","headline":{"text":"Where Is Traveling by Train a Good Option in the US?","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"When air travel falters, how many travelers even have the train available as backup?","html":"\u003cp\u003eWhen air travel falters, how many travelers even have the train available as backup?\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":"maplab","publishedAt":"2025-12-15T17:48:04.867Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-12-15T17:48:04.867Z","thumbnail":{"id":"445958958","alt":"Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan","credit":"Photographer: Graeme Sloan/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Amtrak Northeast Corridor Would Lose 25% Of Funds In Trump Plan","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ifLpxxLNw4oA/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-12-15/where-is-traveling-by-train-faster-than-driving-in-the-us-citylab-daily","byline":"Aaron Gordon","type":"newsletter_campaign","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DATAJAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DATAJRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAPLABNL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORDIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"QUANTSCI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNEWSLTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNLCMPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Aaron Gordon","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"","text":"CityLab Daily","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How We Mapped Nightmare Commutes on NJ Transit","id":"T1B2HYGPFHPV00","image":{"alt":"NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Yuki Iwamura/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"CityLab Daily","lede":{"alt":"People stand at a NJ Transit ticketing booth at Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York on Friday, May 16, 2025.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePeople stand at a NJ Transit ticketing booth at Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York on Friday, May 16, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Yuki Iwamura/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Yuki Iwamura/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-08-20T18:39:34.451Z","slug":"2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily","summary":"Also today: The push for a world map reflecting Africa’s true size, and the commuting principle that shaped urban history.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"newsletter_campaign","updatedAt":"2025-08-20T18:39:34.451Z","url":"/news/newsletters/2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Aaron Gordon","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Aaron Gordon","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"438308492","alt":"People stand at a NJ Transit ticketing booth at Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York on Friday, May 16, 2025.","credit":"Photographer: Yuki Iwamura/Bloomberg","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePeople stand at a NJ Transit ticketing booth at Port Authority Bus Terminal in New York on Friday, May 16, 2025.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"CityLab Daily","id":"T1B2HYGPFHPV00","headline":{"text":"How We Mapped Nightmare Commutes on NJ Transit","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Also today: The push for a world map reflecting Africa’s true size, and the commuting principle that shaped urban history.","html":"\u003cp\u003eAlso today: The\u0026nbsp;push for a world map reflecting\u0026nbsp;Africa’s true size, and the commuting principle that shaped urban history.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-08-20T18:39:34.451Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2025-08-20T18:39:34.451Z","thumbnail":{"id":"438308492","alt":"NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders","credit":"Photographer: Yuki Iwamura/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"NJ Transit Engineers Strike, Halting Trains And Stranding Riders","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iwrvEDDl3c0g/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/newsletters/2025-08-20/mapping-new-jersey-transit-s-reliability-crisis-citylab-daily","byline":"Aaron Gordon","type":"newsletter_campaign","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"006701NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DATAJRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GBLGRAPHIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAPLABNL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENTORING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNITEST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNITRANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLETTER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NEWSLTRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NJ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USSW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNEWSLTR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBNLCMPN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWEPFSIEX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"XXCOHORT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":4,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"MapLab","tracking":{"title":"Topic Package 3","id":"14b48ddb-453d-4f0a-85bf-206915f0f944"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2025-12-19T20:24:43.000Z","variation":"4_up","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"topic_package_1":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"topic_package_1","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Feargus O'Sullivan","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Feargus O'Sullivan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Feargus O'Sullivan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"A London Apartment Tower With Echoes of Victorian Rail and Ancient Rome","id":"T12OOUGPQQBI00","image":{"alt":"Look at that Building: Cadence in London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Edmund Sumner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Cadence, a new residential tower, nods to the historic building elements nearby.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i40KuI2TSZAo/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eCadence, a new residential tower, nods to the historic building elements nearby.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCredit: Edmund Sumner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Look at that Building: Cadence in London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Edmund Sumner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-08-16T06:00:30.439Z","slug":"2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Alison Brooks Architects’ historically minded design for Cadence, an apartment complex in Kings Cross, uses building materials to tell a story about the city’s history.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2025-08-16T06:00:30.439Z","url":"/news/features/2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Feargus O'Sullivan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Feargus O'Sullivan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"437980942","alt":"Cadence, a new residential tower, nods to the historic building elements nearby.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCredit: Edmund Sumner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eCadence, a new residential tower, nods to the historic building elements nearby.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Look at that Building: Cadence in London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i40KuI2TSZAo/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1125,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"T12OOUGPQQBI00","headline":{"text":"A London Apartment Tower With Echoes of Victorian Rail and Ancient Rome","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Alison Brooks Architects’ historically minded design for Cadence, an apartment complex in Kings Cross, uses building materials to tell a story about the city’s history.","html":"\u003cp\u003eAlison Brooks Architects’\u0026nbsp;historically minded design for Cadence,\u0026nbsp;an apartment complex in Kings Cross, uses building materials to tell a story about the city’s history.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-08-16T06:00:30.439Z","curatedAt":"2025-08-26T14:36:59.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-08-16T06:00:30.439Z","thumbnail":{"id":"437980893","alt":"Look at that Building: Cadence in London","credit":"Photographer: Edmund Sumner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Look at that Building: Cadence in London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iPTXL6x.2bs8/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":800,"height":600,"size":null,"origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-08-16/a-london-apartment-tower-with-echoes-of-victorian-rail-and-ancient-rome","byline":"Feargus O'Sullivan","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"006692NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BASIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Magdalena Del Valle","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Magdalena Del Valle","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Magdalena Del Valle","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"This Skinny Mexico City Tower Is Just 14 Feet Wide on One Side","id":"SU8XG2T0G1KW00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCésar Béjar/Rory Gardiner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The mixed-use tower at Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780 in Mexico City runs deep but not wide.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iBFDyk.UTI2U/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe mixed-use tower at Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780 in Mexico City runs deep but not wide.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCredit: César Béjar/Rory Gardiner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCésar Béjar/Rory Gardiner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2025-04-05T13:00:02.898Z","slug":"2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"The mixed-use building Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780, designed by the architecture firm HEMAA, rises on a sliver of a parcel between a street and a rail line.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2025-04-05T13:00:02.900Z","url":"/news/features/2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Magdalena Del Valle","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Magdalena Del Valle","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"430389968","alt":"The mixed-use tower at Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780 in Mexico City runs deep but not wide.","credit":"\u003cp\u003eCredit: César Béjar/Rory Gardiner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe mixed-use tower at Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780 in Mexico City runs deep but not wide.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Look at That Building: Ferrocarril Mexico City","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iBFDyk.UTI2U/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1125,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"SU8XG2T0G1KW00","headline":{"text":"This Skinny Mexico City Tower Is Just 14 Feet Wide on One Side","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The mixed-use building Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780, designed by the architecture firm HEMAA, rises on a sliver of a parcel between a street and a rail line.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe mixed-use building Ferrocarril de Cuernavaca 780, designed by the architecture firm HEMAA, rises on a sliver of a parcel between a street and a rail line.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2025-04-05T13:00:02.898Z","curatedAt":"2025-04-11T13:51:33.000Z","updatedAt":"2025-04-05T13:00:02.900Z","thumbnail":{"id":"430810176","alt":null,"credit":"\u003cp\u003eCésar Béjar/Rory Gardiner/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Wolf Image","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/igOjplDscE3k/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":800,"height":600,"size":null,"origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2025-04-05/mexico-city-office-tower-sets-a-new-standard-for-skinniness","byline":"Magdalena Del Valle","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"006692NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOFFICE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENTORING","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEXCITY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MINT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCILATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILGASCOAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ROBOT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Mark Byrnes","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Mark Byrnes","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Mark Byrnes","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Chicago’s Gigantic Merchandise Mart Is Still Thriving as Office Space","id":"SI06SDT0AFB400","image":{"alt":"Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eConor Steinkamp/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Built in 1930, the Merchandise Mart has survived more than one office downturn.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBuilt in 1930, the Merchandise Mart has survived more than one office downturn.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Conor Steinkamp/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eConor Steinkamp/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2024-08-10T13:00:13.926Z","slug":"2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Once the world’s largest office building, this Art Deco behemoth has been reborn after two $40 million renovations.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2024-08-10T13:00:13.927Z","url":"/news/features/2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Mark Byrnes","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Mark Byrnes","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"414862634","alt":"Built in 1930, the Merchandise Mart has survived more than one office downturn.","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Conor Steinkamp/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eBuilt in 1930, the Merchandise Mart has survived more than one office downturn.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1125,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"SI06SDT0AFB400","headline":{"text":"How Chicago’s Gigantic Merchandise Mart Is Still Thriving as Office Space","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Once the world’s largest office building, this Art Deco behemoth has been reborn after two $40 million renovations.","html":"\u003cp\u003eOnce the world’s largest office building, this Art Deco behemoth has been reborn after two $40 million renovations.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2024-08-10T13:00:13.926Z","curatedAt":"2024-09-03T18:16:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-08-10T13:00:13.927Z","thumbnail":{"id":"414862634","alt":"Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource: Conor Steinkamp/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Look at That Building: Merchandise Mart","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/id0EDokq4laM/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1125,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-08-10/chicago-s-art-deco-merchandise-mart-reborn-as-21st-century-office-space","byline":"Mark Byrnes","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"006691NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CHICAGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOFFICE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOWNER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Detroit Reclaimed a Towering Relic From the Roaring ’20s","id":"SFQR7VDWLU6800","image":{"alt":"Book Tower","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Courtesy of ODA and Bedrock Detroit/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Over the top: Critics of the 1920s frowned on Book Tower’s ornate details.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ipbu8ZE92qAk/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eOver the top: Critics of the 1920s frowned on Book Tower’s ornate details.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;ODA and Bedrock Detroit/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Book Tower","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Courtesy of ODA and Bedrock Detroit/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2024-06-27T13:38:19.364Z","slug":"2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Architect Louis Kamper’s Book Tower stood vacant for years. After a painstaking restoration from New York firm ODA, the 38-story skyscraper is ready for a new century. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2024-06-27T13:38:19.364Z","url":"/news/features/2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"413282848","alt":"Over the top: Critics of the 1920s frowned on Book Tower’s ornate details.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"\u003cp\u003eSource:\u0026nbsp;ODA and Bedrock Detroit/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eOver the top: Critics of the 1920s frowned on Book Tower’s ornate details.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Look at That Building: Book Tower","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ipbu8ZE92qAk/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1125,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1125,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"SFQR7VDWLU6800","headline":{"text":"How Detroit Reclaimed a Towering Relic From the Roaring ’20s","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Architect Louis Kamper’s Book Tower stood vacant for years. After a painstaking restoration from New York firm ODA, the 38-story skyscraper is ready for a new century. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eArchitect Louis Kamper’s Book Tower stood vacant for years. After a painstaking restoration from New York firm ODA, the 38-story skyscraper is ready for a new century.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2024-06-27T13:38:19.364Z","curatedAt":"2024-09-03T18:16:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-06-27T13:38:19.364Z","thumbnail":{"id":"413282732","alt":"Book Tower","credit":"Photographer: Courtesy of ODA and Bedrock Detroit/Sarah Schumacher for Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Book Tower","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTO86dyAL5Zw/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":800,"height":600,"size":null,"origWidth":800,"origHeight":600,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-06-27/detroit-s-book-tower-reopens-after-a-300-million-restoration","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011399NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DETROIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NJ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"XXCOHORT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"labelUrl":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab-building-design","layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":4,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"subtitle":"A series for the architecturally curious.","theme":"","title":"Look at That Building","tracking":{"title":"Topic Package 1","id":"432abd88-c04f-486d-b953-434538c6fc59"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2026-03-17T15:19:28.000Z","variation":"4_up","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"topic_package_2":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"topic_package_2","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Terrence Edwards","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Terrence Matthew Edwards","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Terrence Edwards","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"An Affordable Nomadic Home Design Struggles to Adapt to Urban Life","id":"SJQ2MFDWX2PS00","image":{"alt":"Gers in Ulaanbaatar","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Davaanyam Delgerjargal/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Houses and traditional gers in Ulaanbaatar in June.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i6aO9dyaM.aM/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eHouses and traditional gers in Ulaanbaatar in June.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Gers in Ulaanbaatar","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Davaanyam Delgerjargal/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2024-09-12T23:01:27.346Z","slug":"2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Traditional tents imported from rural life have become a cheap and easy source of housing for many in Mongolia’s fast-growing capital. Now the city wants to phase them out.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2024-09-12T23:01:27.345Z","url":"/news/features/2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Terrence Matthew Edwards","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Terrence Edwards","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"416788269","alt":"Houses and traditional gers in Ulaanbaatar in June.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Hector Retamal/AFP/Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eHouses and traditional gers in Ulaanbaatar in June.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"MONGOLIA-ECONOMY","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i6aO9dyaM.aM/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"SJQ2MFDWX2PS00","headline":{"text":"An Affordable Nomadic Home Design Struggles to Adapt to Urban Life","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Traditional tents imported from rural life have become a cheap and easy source of housing for many in Mongolia’s fast-growing capital. Now the city wants to phase them out.","html":"\u003cp\u003eTraditional tents imported from rural life have become a cheap and easy source of housing for many\u0026nbsp;in Mongolia’s fast-growing capital. Now the city wants to phase them out.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2024-09-12T23:01:27.346Z","curatedAt":"2024-10-25T21:12:53.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-09-12T23:01:27.345Z","thumbnail":{"id":"416793397","alt":"Gers in Ulaanbaatar","credit":"Photographer: Davaanyam Delgerjargal/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Gers in Ulaanbaatar","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ixY9MdpaYqyk/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-09-12/ulaanbaatar-yurts-made-homeownership-affordable-can-they-survive","byline":"Terrence Edwards","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011401NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AIRPOLLUTE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANONYMOUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIATOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BTVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COALMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRIME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGNATCAP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FEAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MONGOL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILGASCOAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TVPARTNERS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEATHER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBFEATURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Robert Bevan","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Edinburgh Tenements Became an Urban Housing Blueprint","id":"SGUWOYDWRGG000","image":{"alt":"Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eelzauer/Moment RF/via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":880,"origHeight":660,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Georgian tenements in Gardner’s Crescent, Edinburgh","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgian tenements in Gardner’s Crescent, Edinburgh\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: elzauer/Moment RF/via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":880,"origHeight":660,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eelzauer/Moment RF/via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":880,"origHeight":660,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2024-07-19T06:00:34.763Z","slug":"2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"The Scottish capital's signature stacked apartments are a window into Edinburgh's political and geographic history. They remain wildly popular today.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2024-07-19T06:00:34.762Z","url":"/news/features/2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"413933742","alt":"Georgian tenements in Gardner’s Crescent, Edinburgh","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: elzauer/Moment RF/via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eGeorgian tenements in Gardner’s Crescent, Edinburgh\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":880,"height":660,"size":null,"origWidth":880,"origHeight":660,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"SGUWOYDWRGG000","headline":{"text":"How Edinburgh Tenements Became an Urban Housing Blueprint","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The Scottish capital's signature stacked apartments are a window into Edinburgh's political and geographic history. They remain wildly popular today.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe Scottish capital's signature stacked apartments are a window into Edinburgh's political and geographic history. They remain wildly popular today.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2024-07-19T06:00:34.763Z","curatedAt":"2024-09-03T18:16:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2024-07-19T06:00:34.762Z","thumbnail":{"id":"413933742","alt":"Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: elzauer/Moment RF/via Getty Images\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Georgian town houses in Edinburgh, Scotland","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiLPTFG27r.Q/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":880,"height":660,"size":null,"origWidth":880,"origHeight":660,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2024-07-19/edinburgh-tenements-are-scotland-cities-iconic-home-designs","byline":"Robert Bevan","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011400NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDINBURGH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7ECOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCOTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCTTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBFEATURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Isabella Steger and Heesu Lee","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Isabella Steger","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Isabella Steger","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Heesu Lee","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Heesu Lee","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Corporations Created the Prototypical Seoul Apartment","id":"S50LG2DWX2PS01","image":{"alt":"South Korea Apartments","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"An apartment complex in Gimpo, South Korea, on Nov. 17, 2023.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn apartment complex in Gimpo, South Korea, on Nov. 17, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"South Korea Apartments","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2023-12-02T01:00:02.057Z","slug":"2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"Conglomerates like Hyundai, LG and Samsung played major roles in building the “apatu” complexes in Seoul and across South Korea, and in shaping how South Koreans live today.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2023-12-02T01:00:02.057Z","url":"/news/features/2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Isabella Steger","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Isabella Steger","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Heesu Lee","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Heesu Lee","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"404835257","alt":"An apartment complex in Gimpo, South Korea, on Nov. 17, 2023.","credit":"Photographer: SeongJoon Cho/Bloomberg","caption":"\u003cp\u003eAn apartment complex in Gimpo, South Korea, on Nov. 17, 2023.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"South Korea Apartments","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"S50LG2DWX2PS01","headline":{"text":"How Corporations Created the Prototypical Seoul Apartment","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Conglomerates like Hyundai, LG and Samsung played major roles in building the “apatu” complexes in Seoul and across South Korea, and in shaping how South Koreans live today.","html":"\u003cp\u003eConglomerates like Hyundai, LG and Samsung played major roles in building the\u0026nbsp;“apatu” complexes in Seoul and across South Korea, and in shaping how South Koreans live today.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2023-12-02T01:00:02.057Z","curatedAt":"2024-09-03T18:16:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2023-12-02T01:00:02.057Z","thumbnail":{"id":"404835257","alt":"South Korea Apartments","credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":"South Korea Apartments","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/idWsIq.EvetE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-12-02/the-design-history-of-seoul-s-apatu-danji-apartment-complexes","byline":"Isabella Steger and Heesu Lee","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"011401NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIASTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIASTORY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASNRGMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CGL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CHAEBOL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORONAVIR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREMULTI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDTASTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENHEA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ILLNESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KOREA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MTGEKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGASTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RELTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RELTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RELTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SEOUL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SKOREA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SKX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TYO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMNA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VIRALILL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBFEATURE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBTGLREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Robert Bevan","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"How Mansion Blocks Filled London With Stacks of Flats","id":"S4ERC3T0AFB401","image":{"alt":"Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Busà Photography/Moment RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"A majestic Victorian building near Cadogan Square in London’s affluent Chelsea neighborhood.\u0026nbsp;","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA majestic Victorian building near Cadogan Square in London’s affluent Chelsea neighborhood.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Busà Photography/Moment RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Busà Photography/Moment RF","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2023-11-20T06:00:03.743Z","slug":"2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings","snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","summary":"These ornate buildings pioneered high-density living for affluent Londoners in the Victorian and Edwardian eras — and their virtues are being rediscovered today. ","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2023-11-20T06:00:03.740Z","url":"/news/features/2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"404379991","alt":"A majestic Victorian building near Cadogan Square in London’s affluent Chelsea neighborhood.\u0026nbsp;","credit":"Photographer: Busà Photography/Moment RF","caption":"\u003cp\u003eA majestic Victorian building near Cadogan Square in London’s affluent Chelsea neighborhood.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"S4ERC3T0AFB401","headline":{"text":"How Mansion Blocks Filled London With Stacks of Flats","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"These ornate buildings pioneered high-density living for affluent Londoners in the Victorian and Edwardian eras — and their virtues are being rediscovered today. ","html":"\u003cp\u003eThese ornate buildings pioneered high-density living\u0026nbsp;for affluent Londoners in the Victorian and Edwardian eras —\u0026nbsp;and their virtues are being rediscovered today.\u0026nbsp;\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2023-11-20T06:00:03.743Z","curatedAt":"2024-09-03T18:16:28.000Z","updatedAt":"2023-11-20T06:00:03.740Z","thumbnail":{"id":"404379991","alt":"Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London","credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Majestic Victorian apartment building near Cadogan Square in the affluent and exclusive neighborhood of Chelsea, London","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iiHF9eIVW6fA/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-11-20/the-design-history-of-london-s-mansion-block-apartment-buildings","byline":"Robert Bevan","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":"ONE_DAY","snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"006691NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUSTRIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDGLOMAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOMACBB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MOSTREAD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NWSKAFNQ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1000","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ1500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ700","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRENDTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEALTH","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBLIFESTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"labelUrl":"https://www.bloomberg.com/citylab-home-designs","layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":4,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"subtitle":"How the way we live has shaped the history and architecture of urban neighborhoods.","theme":"","title":"Iconic Homes That Define Global Cities","tracking":{"title":"Topic Package 2","id":"959fa469-8741-4132-b8b7-c110906efe0d"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2026-03-17T15:19:28.000Z","variation":"4_up","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"desktop_immersive_ad":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncrement":"1","adPositionIncremented":false,"adType":"newDesktopImmersive","autoplay":false,"id":"desktop_immersive_ad","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Desktop Immersive Ad","id":"fed8820f-5f14-420f-8be8-145560607bdd"},"type":"ad","updatedAt":"2024-08-26T18:05:35.000Z","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"tablet_immersive_ad":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncrement":"1","adPositionIncremented":false,"adType":"newTabletImmersive","autoplay":false,"id":"tablet_immersive_ad","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Tablet Immersive Ad","id":"29784b82-e9f9-4a5b-9462-d9de92633a62"},"type":"ad","updatedAt":"2024-08-26T18:05:36.000Z","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"mobile_immersive_ad":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncrement":"1","adPositionIncremented":false,"adType":"newMobileImmersive","autoplay":false,"id":"mobile_immersive_ad","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Mobile Immersive Ad","id":"5e6e7b74-16b1-4cb8-8808-f5f5b25dfacf"},"type":"ad","updatedAt":"2024-08-26T18:05:36.000Z","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"video_package":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"video_package","items":[{"brand":"politics","eyebrow":{"url":"/politics","text":"Politics","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","id":"TEAS4RKGCTGG00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","duration":584790,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoImage":{"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoDuration":584790},"vodVideo":{"video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","duration":584790,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9","isVertical":false,"isLooping":false,"isVideoCurationOverride":false,"hideCaptionByRequest":false,"shouldAutoplay":false},"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}}},"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T09:55:05.619Z","slug":"2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video","summary":"","trackingType":"Video","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"video","updatedAt":"2026-04-30T09:55:05.620Z","url":"/news/videos/2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video?srnd=phx-citylab","videos":[{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","duration":584790,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"}],"__modelType":"Story","video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","duration":584790,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"raw":{"lede":{"id":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","compressedIds":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","type":"video","title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","autoplay":null,"duration":584790,"showName":null,"thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"aspectRatio":"ASPECT_16_9","__typename":"Video"},"label":null,"id":"TEAS4RKGCTGG00","headline":{"text":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"politics","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T09:55:05.619Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T09:55:05.620Z","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"site":"bpol","slug":"2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2026-04-30/kansas-city-mayor-on-world-cup-us-politics-video","type":"video","labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"videos":[{"duration":584790,"id":"97ce8cb8-4e5d-4e75-ac4f-29222949b2a1","showName":null,"title":"Kansas City Mayor on World Cup, US Politics","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iThmCTyaEhr4/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Video"}],"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"brand":"markets","eyebrow":{"url":"/markets","text":"Markets","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","id":"TE9AHVKGIFSL00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","duration":816490,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoImage":{"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoDuration":816490},"vodVideo":{"video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","duration":816490,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9","isVertical":false,"isLooping":false,"isVideoCurationOverride":false,"hideCaptionByRequest":false,"shouldAutoplay":false},"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}}},"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T07:43:50.765Z","slug":"2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video","summary":"","trackingType":"Video","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"video","updatedAt":"2026-04-30T07:43:50.765Z","url":"/news/videos/2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video?srnd=phx-citylab","videos":[{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","duration":816490,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"}],"__modelType":"Story","video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","duration":816490,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"raw":{"lede":{"id":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","compressedIds":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","type":"video","title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","autoplay":null,"duration":816490,"showName":null,"thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"aspectRatio":"ASPECT_16_9","__typename":"Video"},"label":null,"id":"TE9AHVKGIFSL00","headline":{"text":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"markets","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T07:43:50.765Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T07:43:50.765Z","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"site":"markets","slug":"2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2026-04-30/spanish-economy-minister-on-war-impact-ecb-board-seat-video","type":"video","labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"videos":[{"duration":816490,"id":"76ab6928-9542-4f8e-8f04-95cff1d30b17","showName":null,"title":"Spanish Economy Minister on War Impact, ECB Board Seat","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGUlf7N8yfcc/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Video"}],"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"brand":"politics","eyebrow":{"url":"/politics","text":"Politics","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","id":"TE93V1KIJHCM00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","duration":714810,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoImage":{"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoDuration":714810},"vodVideo":{"video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","duration":714810,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9","isVertical":false,"isLooping":false,"isVideoCurationOverride":false,"hideCaptionByRequest":false,"shouldAutoplay":false},"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}}},"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T03:15:20.382Z","slug":"2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video","summary":"","trackingType":"Video","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"video","updatedAt":"2026-04-30T03:15:20.382Z","url":"/news/videos/2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video?srnd=phx-citylab","videos":[{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","duration":714810,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"}],"__modelType":"Story","video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","duration":714810,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"raw":{"lede":{"id":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","compressedIds":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","type":"video","title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","autoplay":null,"duration":714810,"showName":null,"thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"aspectRatio":"ASPECT_16_9","__typename":"Video"},"label":null,"id":"TE93V1KIJHCM00","headline":{"text":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"politics","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T03:15:20.382Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T03:15:20.382Z","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"site":"bpol","slug":"2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2026-04-30/andy-burnham-on-role-of-cities-local-elections-video","type":"video","labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"videos":[{"duration":714810,"id":"e1a31168-531c-4aac-8a9f-6277465f86a6","showName":null,"title":"Andy Burnham on Role of Cities, Local Elections, Political Ambitions","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ilP0haQsIndM/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Video"}],"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"brand":"markets","eyebrow":{"url":"/markets","text":"Markets","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","id":"TE7FN0KGZALG00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","duration":397360,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoImage":{"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"videoDuration":397360},"vodVideo":{"video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","duration":397360,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9","isVertical":false,"isLooping":false,"isVideoCurationOverride":false,"hideCaptionByRequest":false,"shouldAutoplay":false},"image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}}},"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T03:13:54.411Z","slug":"2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video","summary":"","trackingType":"Video","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"video","updatedAt":"2026-04-30T03:14:04.181Z","url":"/news/videos/2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video?srnd=phx-citylab","videos":[{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","duration":397360,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"}],"__modelType":"Story","video":{"autoplay":false,"bmmrId":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","prerollAdUnit":"","url":"","thumbnail":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"","origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","duration":397360,"type":"Video","keywords":[],"showName":"","aspectRatio":"16:9"},"raw":{"lede":{"id":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","compressedIds":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","type":"video","title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","autoplay":null,"duration":397360,"showName":null,"thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"aspectRatio":"ASPECT_16_9","__typename":"Video"},"label":null,"id":"TE7FN0KGZALG00","headline":{"text":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"markets","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-30T03:13:54.411Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-30T03:14:04.181Z","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"site":"markets","slug":"2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/videos/2026-04-30/kyiv-mayor-on-challenges-posed-by-russia-s-invasion-video","type":"video","labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"videoCurationOverride":null,"videos":[{"duration":397360,"id":"c7b87331-987a-455f-8553-ce2cd802d88e","showName":null,"title":"Kyiv Mayor on Challenges Posed by Russia's Invasion","thumbnail":{"id":"dynamic","alt":null,"credit":null,"caption":null,"type":"image","title":null,"url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGHtI8OhMA.Q/v3/-1x-1.webp","width":1920,"height":1080,"size":null,"origWidth":1920,"origHeight":1080,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"__typename":"Video"}],"__typename":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":4,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"Videos","tracking":{"title":"Video Package","id":"fb590052-7302-40cd-9b5f-144698c7d4ce"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2024-10-14T19:11:03.000Z","variation":"4_up_video","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"archive_story_list":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncremented":false,"autoplay":false,"id":"archive_story_list","items":[{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Alex Morales","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Alex Morales","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alex Morales","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Burnham Urges New Direction After May Vote Labour’s Set to Lose","id":"TE92CMKIP3R300","image":{"alt":"Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jaimi Joy/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"Andy Burnham","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"Andy Burnham","credit":"Photographer: Jaimi Joy/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jaimi Joy/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T13:54:08.008Z","slug":"2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-29T14:47:07.872Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Alex Morales","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Alex Morales","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"455005577","alt":"Andy Burnham","credit":"Photographer: Jaimi Joy/Bloomberg","caption":"Andy Burnham","type":"image","title":"Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TE92CMKIP3R300","headline":{"text":"Burnham Urges New Direction After May Vote Labour’s Set to Lose","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T13:54:08.008Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T14:47:07.872Z","thumbnail":{"id":"455005577","alt":"Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position","credit":"Photographer: Jaimi Joy/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Cabinet Meeting As UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer Shores Up Position","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iLuWIzgIcO_0/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-29/burnham-urges-new-direction-after-may-vote-labour-s-set-to-lose","byline":"Alex Morales","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANNOTATED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ELECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPEME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROSTORY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EURTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIRST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FOLLOW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7ECOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LONDON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCOTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKECOGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKECOTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKPM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UKVOTE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UPDATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VOD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WALES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic","id":"TE99LQKGZAJ600","image":{"alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"Former Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","slug":"2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","summary":"In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454994126","alt":"Former Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eFormer Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo speaks to a global gathering\u0026nbsp;of mayors in Madrid on April 27.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":"small","origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TE99LQKGZAJ600","headline":{"text":"A Lesson From Urban Icons on Designing Public Space: Get Rid of Traffic","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"In a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.","html":"\u003cp\u003eIn a mayoral forum, Anne Hidalgo and Norman Foster pointed to a shared strategy behind their successful visions for transforming cities.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T12:34:38.140Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454994126","alt":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhoto courtesy of Bloomberg Philanthropies\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"CityLab 2026 Madrid MIS","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ibbLk4NQkvhY/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1200,"height":800,"size":null,"origWidth":1200,"origHeight":800,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-29/anne-hidalgo-and-norman-foster-have-lessons-on-designing-public-space","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MADRID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PARIS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TMT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Daniel Basteiro and Francine Lacqua","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Daniel Basteiro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Daniel Basteiro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Francine Lacqua","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Francine Lacqua","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Cities Need to Boost Green Investment for Safety, EIB Chief Says","id":"TE7MUJKK3NYB00","image":{"alt":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Gustavo Valiente/Europa Press/AP Photo","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","credit":"Photographer: Gustavo Valiente/Europa Press/AP Photo","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Gustavo Valiente/Europa Press/AP Photo","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T08:23:31.858Z","slug":"2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-29T08:23:31.858Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Daniel Basteiro","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Daniel Basteiro","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"},{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Francine Lacqua","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Francine Lacqua","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454955544","alt":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","credit":"Photographer: Gustavo Valiente/Europa Press/AP Photo","caption":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","type":"image","title":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TE7MUJKK3NYB00","headline":{"text":"Cities Need to Boost Green Investment for Safety, EIB Chief Says","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-29T08:23:31.858Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-29T08:23:31.858Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454955544","alt":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","credit":"Photographer: Gustavo Valiente/Europa Press/AP Photo","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Nadia Calviño on April 29.","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iKOb609pqigM/v0/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-29/cities-need-to-boost-green-investment-for-safety-eib-chief-says","byline":"Daniel Basteiro and Francine Lacqua","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"019485NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDITKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDITKEYA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEBTKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EIB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ERINVEST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGCLIMATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGENV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESGTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUWHEADERS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FFX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FXKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBALMACR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HSNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INSTFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYSAIDTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RATESKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RESREL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASBEN1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SCR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPPRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEATHER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WECBTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Natalie Wong","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Natalie Wong","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Natalie Wong","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Vornado to Buy Stake in NYC Office Tower Valued at $1.1 Billion","id":"TE7ZU6KK3NY800","image":{"alt":"Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"John Taggart/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"Buildings on Park Avenue in the Plaza District of New York.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"Buildings on Park Avenue in the Plaza District of New York.","credit":"Photographer: John Taggart/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"John Taggart/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-28T21:04:05.238Z","slug":"2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-28T21:04:05.239Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Natalie Wong","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Natalie Wong","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454818424","alt":"Buildings on Park Avenue in the Plaza District of New York.","credit":"Photographer: John Taggart/Bloomberg","caption":"Buildings on Park Avenue in the Plaza District of New York.","type":"image","title":"Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TE7ZU6KK3NY800","headline":{"text":"Vornado to Buy Stake in NYC Office Tower Valued at $1.1 Billion","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-28T21:04:05.238Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-28T21:04:05.239Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454818424","alt":"Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows","credit":"Photographer: John Taggart/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"Private Credit Funds Cap Withdrawals As Exodus Grows","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iGywOgyeuMyo/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-28/vornado-to-buy-stake-in-nyc-office-tower-valued-at-1-1-billion","byline":"Natalie Wong","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CACT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDGLOMAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORPFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOFFICE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREOWNER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRETRANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIDESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDBDAPCA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCEJSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMAOLIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMNALIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOMACBB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HLDCHG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HLDUP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"HOLDINGS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MANHATTAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MNA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MNAOVER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYCTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REALAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TNM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEALTHEDIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Michelle Kaske","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Michelle Kaske","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Michelle Kaske","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"NY-NJ Gateway Tunnel Awards Contract to Dig Under Hudson River","id":"TE5TMDT9NJLS00","image":{"alt":"President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City's Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Spencer Platt/Getty Images","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"The Hudson Gateway Tunnel project to connect New Jersey to Penn Station in New York City.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hudson Gateway Tunnel project to connect New Jersey to Penn Station in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City's Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Spencer Platt/Getty Images","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T21:42:04.613Z","slug":"2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T21:42:04.613Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Michelle Kaske","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Michelle Kaske","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454723584","alt":"The Hudson Gateway Tunnel project to connect New Jersey to Penn Station in New York City.","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe Hudson Gateway Tunnel project to connect New Jersey to Penn Station in New York City.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City's Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TE5TMDT9NJLS00","headline":{"text":"NY-NJ Gateway Tunnel Awards Contract to Dig Under Hudson River","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T21:42:04.613Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T21:42:04.613Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454723584","alt":"President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City's Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project","credit":"Photographer: Spencer Platt/Getty Images","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"President Trump Threatens To Cancel New York City's Long Awaited Hudson River Tunnel Project","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iTP3Pl.K_9w4/v2/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1333,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1333,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-27/ny-nj-gateway-tunnel-awards-contract-to-dig-under-hudson-river","byline":"Michelle Kaske","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLMUN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLSTATES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMMKEDTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWCRED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWCREDUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWDCM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWDCMUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWFI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWFOCUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWMUNUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVTRANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDITKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEBTKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIASST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIRSTWORD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUBNDTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MUNIFCSKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NJ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NYX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORDER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORDERWIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADD1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PADDIST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POSITIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"RAI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TRN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"XXCOHORT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Laura Millan","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Laura Millan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Laura Millan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/culture","text":"Culture","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Auge turístico y altos alquileres amenazan la cultura y los comercios tradicionales de Madrid","id":"TE4ZA8KGCTGG00","image":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFoto: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Culture","lede":{"alt":"Una banda toca en\u0026nbsp;Café Central la última noche antes del cierre de este local de jazz con 44 años de historia.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eUna banda toca en\u0026nbsp;Café Central la última noche antes del cierre de este local de jazz con 44 años de historia.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFoto: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFoto: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:20.413Z","slug":"2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales","summary":"Mientras la ciudad se transforma en un destino turístico de lujo, los pequeños negocios en dificultades luchan por conservar el carácter que atrajo a tantos turistas en un principio.","trackingType":"Feature","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"feature","updatedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:20.414Z","url":"/news/features/2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Laura Millan","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Laura Millan","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454638467","alt":"Una banda toca en\u0026nbsp;Café Central la última noche antes del cierre de este local de jazz con 44 años de historia.","credit":"\u003cp\u003eFoto: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003eUna banda toca en\u0026nbsp;Café Central la última noche antes del cierre de este local de jazz con 44 años de historia.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1331,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Culture","id":"TE4ZA8KGCTGG00","headline":{"text":"Auge turístico y altos alquileres amenazan la cultura y los comercios tradicionales de Madrid","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"Mientras la ciudad se transforma en un destino turístico de lujo, los pequeños negocios en dificultades luchan por conservar el carácter que atrajo a tantos turistas en un principio.","html":"\u003cp\u003eMientras\u0026nbsp;la ciudad se transforma en un destino turístico de lujo, los pequeños negocios en dificultades luchan por conservar el carácter que atrajo a tantos turistas en un principio.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:20.413Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-27T05:01:20.414Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454638467","alt":null,"credit":"\u003cp\u003eFoto: Emilio Parra Doiztua/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/i9hWaGNLqVsE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1331,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1331,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2026-04-27/turismo-de-lujo-en-madrid-desplaza-comercios-tradicionales","byline":"Laura Millan","type":"feature","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"004223NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"005778NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"31400","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAGREEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IBERIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MADRID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PERUNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SBNTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SBNTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SOUTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPAIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK5","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"VZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBTRAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WECBTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Jordan Fabian","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Jordan Fabian","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Jordan Fabian","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Trump Plans Swim Coating for Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool","id":"TDYR88T9NJLW00","image":{"alt":"President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eWill Oliver/EPA/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"President Donald Trump holds a photo of the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool\u0026nbsp;in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on April 23.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePresident Donald Trump holds a photo of the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool\u0026nbsp;in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on April 23.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Will Oliver/EPA/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"\u003cp\u003eWill Oliver/EPA/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T21:08:41.648Z","slug":"2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-23T21:08:41.648Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Jordan Fabian","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Jordan Fabian","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454543660","alt":"President Donald Trump holds a photo of the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool\u0026nbsp;in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on April 23.","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Will Oliver/EPA/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":"\u003cp\u003ePresident Donald Trump holds a photo of the Lincoln Memorial reflecting pool\u0026nbsp;in the Oval Office of the White House in Washington on April 23.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TDYR88T9NJLW00","headline":{"text":"Trump Plans Swim Coating for Lincoln Memorial Reflecting Pool","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T21:08:41.648Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-23T21:08:41.648Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454543660","alt":"President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event","credit":"\u003cp\u003ePhotographer: Will Oliver/EPA/Bloomberg\u003c/p\u003e","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"President Trump Holds Health Care Affordability Event","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/ijZSvTc0R8D0/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1334,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1334,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-23/trump-plans-swim-coating-for-lincoln-memorial-reflecting-pool","byline":"Jordan Fabian","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"005778NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AGRKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLWWCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AMFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BAHAMAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWDC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIOINSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BPOLITICS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CARIB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDGLOMAC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDTAMTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ELECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIRSTWORD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT10","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOBFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GLOMACBB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVCUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LATAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCINAMER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONREAD50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ150","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ250","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REGIONFILT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBIZMKT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"US","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USELECPREM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USGOVERN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USMA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WASHNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WHOUSETEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WKND","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPBIZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPGLOB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Keira Wright","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Keira Wright","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Keira Wright","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Woodside AGM Protest Signals Pressure on Australia’s LNG Sector","id":"TDXJ0WT96OSG00","locale":"en","meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T07:17:46.861Z","slug":"2026-04-23/woodside-agm-protest-signals-pressure-on-australia-s-lng-sector","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-23T07:17:46.862Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-23/woodside-agm-protest-signals-pressure-on-australia-s-lng-sector?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","reporter"],"name":"Keira Wright","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Keira Wright","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":null,"label":null,"id":"TDXJ0WT96OSG00","headline":{"text":"Woodside AGM Protest Signals Pressure on Australia’s LNG Sector","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-23T07:17:46.861Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-23T07:17:46.862Z","thumbnail":null,"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-23/woodside-agm-protest-signals-pressure-on-australia-s-lng-sector","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-23/woodside-agm-protest-signals-pressure-on-australia-s-lng-sector","byline":"Keira Wright","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANZ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIATOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASIAX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ASNRGCOMED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUBN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AUTOPZ6","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWFOCUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWGAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BFWOIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNEFED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNJAKARTA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CASPIAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CBBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CMDMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FEAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIRSTWORD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GASMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCIT11","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCITA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMEETBIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENEVENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GENMEET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GULF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IRAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCCRIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KYCSMUG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LNG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MELBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MENA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MIDEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NLEXCLUDE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGASTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NRGTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OIL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILGASCOAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"OILMARKET","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PROTESTS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SASIAECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UNREST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WWTOPFEAT","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Antony Sguazzin","credits":[],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab","text":"CityLab","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Johannesburg Woes Deepen as Key Funder Rejects Loan Request","id":"TDW3P4KJH6VC00","image":{"alt":"South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1335,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"lede":{"alt":"Street vendors in Johannesburg’s central business district.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"Street vendors in Johannesburg’s central business district.","credit":"Photographer: Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1335,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1335,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-22T14:06:15.974Z","slug":"2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request","summary":"","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-22T16:12:00.335Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[],"lede":{"id":"454411947","alt":"Street vendors in Johannesburg’s central business district.","credit":"Photographer: Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg","caption":"Street vendors in Johannesburg’s central business district.","type":"image","title":"South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1335,"size":"small","origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1335,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":null,"id":"TDW3P4KJH6VC00","headline":{"text":"Johannesburg Woes Deepen as Key Funder Rejects Loan Request","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"","html":"","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-22T14:06:15.974Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-22T16:12:00.335Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454411947","alt":"South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020","credit":"Photographer: Leon Sadiki/Bloomberg","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"South Africa’s Jobless Rate Falls to Lowest Level Since 2020","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/iD61TqcTI8RE/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":2000,"height":1335,"size":null,"origWidth":2000,"origHeight":1335,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-22/johannesburg-s-woes-deepen-as-key-funder-rejects-loan-request","byline":"Antony Sguazzin","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRGOVTEAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AFRTOPZ3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ALLTOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"AME","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ANONYMOUS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNCAPETOW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSCOOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSTAFF","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNTEAMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BRICECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COMMONW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT3","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CREDIT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DEVECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EMEAREGION","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EUROPE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EXCLUSIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FAMOFFNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FINNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIRSTWORD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G10MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"G7MEMB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GCON","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDSYNLOAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GEN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOV","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVDB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVMISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOVPL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"IGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INFRA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JOHANNES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"JSX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LOANS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MAJOR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MARKETS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MERUSGOVED","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METALKEY4","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"METRO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIAFRICA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIDVEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIEMEUR","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MSCIWORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NCAS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"POLIRISK","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ100","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ25","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"READ50","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SAECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SAFRI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SAIDTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SPREGIONS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SUBSAHARAN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMECO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TIMENI","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"TOPBFW","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"UPDATE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEPFEX1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ZATOP","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ZATOPZ1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ZATOPZ2","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}},{"archived":false,"brand":"citylab","byline":"Kriston Capps","credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"site":"citylab","photoDisplayed":false,"thumbnail":null}],"eyebrow":{"url":"/citylab/design","text":"Design","bybrowEligible":false},"headline":"Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint","id":"TDUHG8KIUPUL00","image":{"alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"label":"Design","lede":{"alt":"The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.\u003c/p\u003e","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":[],"type":"image"},"locale":"en","media":{"defaultImage":{"alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","baseUrl":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","caption":"","credit":"Jeff Goldberg/Esto","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"placement":"","themes":[],"type":"image"}},"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"premium":false,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","slug":"2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","summary":"The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.","trackingType":"Story","translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"type":"article","updatedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","url":"/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger?srnd=phx-citylab","__modelType":"Story","raw":{"credits":[{"editorialBoard":false,"roles":["by","author"],"name":"Kriston Capps","attributionPreferences":{"fullNamePreference":"Kriston Capps","__typename":"AttributionDetails"},"__typename":"Person"}],"lede":{"id":"454262800","alt":"The David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","caption":"\u003cp\u003eThe David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center in New York, designed by Ennead Architects with Perkins Eastman.\u003c/p\u003e","type":"image","title":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1500,"height":844,"size":"small","origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"label":"Design","id":"TDUHG8KIUPUL00","headline":{"text":"Merger Gives Architecture Firm CannonDesign a Global Footprint","__typename":"Metatext"},"summary":{"text":"The acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.","html":"\u003cp\u003eThe acquisition of New York’s Ennead Architects is the seventh and largest for CannonDesign, giving the firm a new office in Shanghai.\u003c/p\u003e","__typename":"Metatext"},"brand":"citylab","franchise":null,"publishedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","curatedAt":null,"updatedAt":"2026-04-21T13:00:08.535Z","thumbnail":{"id":"454262800","alt":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","credit":"Photographer: Jeff Goldberg/Esto","caption":null,"type":"image","title":"David H. Koch Center for Cancer Care at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Location: New York, New York, Architect: Ennead - Perkins Eastman","url":"https://assets.bwbx.io/images/users/iqjWHBFdfxIU/imLFRgIlSwL4/v1/-1x-1.webp","width":1500,"height":844,"size":null,"origWidth":1500,"origHeight":844,"themes":null,"__typename":"Image"},"extraAttachments":[],"site":"citylab","slug":"2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","url":"https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2026-04-21/cannondesign-acquires-ennead-architects-in-major-design-firm-merger","byline":"Kriston Capps","type":"article","archived":false,"premium":false,"meta":{"terminalBlogId":null,"__typename":"Meta"},"labelDropdown":null,"keypointsToggle":null,"textLabel":null,"livestream":null,"variation":null,"embedUrl":null,"extraTags":null,"snapshotTicker":null,"snapshotDuration":null,"snapshotTitle":null,"snapshotStartDate":null,"snapshotEndDate":null,"snapshotData":null,"relatedTitle":null,"creditCurationOverride":null,"nicodes":[{"id":"015227NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"016186NODE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"2500","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ARCHITECT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ATTACHMENT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BBPROFILE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVBILLGO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BGOVCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BIZNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BLC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNALL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNSHESAID","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BNWEBUNLIM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BONDWIRES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"BUSINESS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CACT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CITYLAB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COEVNT","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CORPFIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"COS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CPNYCNT2","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"CRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DCAA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"DESIGN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EDU","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQTY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"EQUITYKEY","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIDESNEWS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FIN","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"FLOWCMS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GD","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDBDAPCA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDCEJSDM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDGLT1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GDMNALIVE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"GOWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INDUSTRIES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"INTERNAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"KEYCRE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LEAST","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LIFESTYLE","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"LUXCODES","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MISCCOS","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"MNA","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NONTOPIC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"NORTHAM","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ONWEB","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"ORIGINAL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"PHOTO","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"REL","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SRCRANK1","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT241","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"STFILT266","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"SVC","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"THEATER","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"USBNX","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WEBELIG","__typename":"NiCodes"},{"id":"WORLD","__typename":"NiCodes"}],"videoCurationOverride":null,"__typename":"Story","audios":[],"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"locale":"en"}}],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":10,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","title":"More CityLab news","tracking":{"title":"Archive Story List","id":"d9a1684d-5a87-4107-8c9c-fb0c7fde48b8"},"type":"lineup_content","updatedAt":"2026-03-17T15:19:28.000Z","variation":"archive","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"},"right_rail_ad_2":{"abbaTestVariants":[],"adPositionIncrement":"2","adPositionIncremented":false,"adType":"newDesktopBoxFlex","autoplay":false,"id":"right_rail_ad_2","items":[],"layout":"","liveStream":"","nextItemOffset":20,"pageId":"phx-citylab","sponsored":false,"theme":"","tracking":{"title":"Right Rail Ad 2","id":"20692308-3760-42b8-9c52-41b93d93d0fe"},"type":"ad","updatedAt":"2024-08-26T18:05:37.000Z","translatedMessages":{},"source":"canonical"}},"pageData":{"locale":"en","pageId":"phx-citylab","pageNumber":0,"pageType":"lineup-sectionfront","preview":false,"previousPage":0,"publishedState":"PUBLISHED","shouldPaginate":true,"title":"CityLab - Bloomberg","brand":null,"description":"Bloomberg CityLab reports on the world’s cities, communities, and neighborhoods: How they work, the challenges they face, and the solutions they need.","path":"/phx-citylab","isWeekendMasthead":false},"tickerBar":null},"locale":"en","region":null,"translatedMessages":{"404ErrorMessage":"Our apologies\nWe're unable to find the\npage you're looking for.","ai":"AI","allCategories":"All categories","allLatestNews":"All Latest News","analysis":"Analysis","author":"Author","bigTake":"The Big Take","bloombergOpinion":"Bloomberg Opinion","bloombergRadio":"Bloomberg Radio","breaking":"Breaking","browseTheArchive":"Browse the Archive","businessweek":"Businessweek","by":"By {byline}","clientErrorMessage":"The application encountered an error during the session,\nplease try again. If the problem persists, please report\nyour problem and mention the error message.","clientServerErrorMessage":"The server encountered an error and could not complete your\nrequest. If the problem persists, please report your problem\nand mention the error message.","columnist":"Columnist","comingUp":"Coming Up","copyLink":"Link copied to clipboard","crypto":"Crypto","earlier":"Earlier","economics":"Economics","editorialBoard":"Editorial Board","enterYourEmail":"Enter your email","exclusive":"Exclusive","explainer":"Explainer","getTheNewsletter":"Get the Newsletter","goToOurHomePage":"Go To Our Home Page","green":"Green","guestColumnist":"Guest Columnist","howTo":"How To","internalServerError":"Internal Server Error","inThisIssue":"In this issue","invalidEmailPleaseTryAgain":"Invalid email address, please try again","issueTitle":"{date} Issue","keyUpdates":"Key Updates","latestNews":"Latest News","latestNewsSubHeadline":"The most-recent news, analysis, features and opinions from Bloomberg.","latestPageDocumentTitleString":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today - Bloomberg","latestUpdates":"Latest Updates","less":"Less","listen":"Listen: {duration}","listenStandalone":"Listen","listenToTheLatest":"Listen to the latest: {summary}","liveBlogRecap":"Live Blog Recap","liveLiveBlog":"Live:","liveNoColon":"Live","liveUpdates":"Live Updates","loadMore":"Load more","loadMoreStories":"Load More Stories","markets":"Markets","marketIndices":"Market Indices","marketsWrap":"Markets Wrap","more":"More","moreFromThisIssue":"More from this issue:","mostActiveStocks":"Most Active Stocks","mostPopular":"Most Popular","newsLetterPrivacyDisclaimer":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003cprivacyLink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/privacyLink\u003e and \u003ctosLink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/tosLink\u003e.","newsletterSignupConfirmation":"You're signed up! Check your inbox for an email confirmation or \u003clink\u003ebrowse all newsletters\u003c/link\u003e.","newsletterWithSuffix":"Newsletter: {suffix}","noPostsFound":"No posts found, please try again later.","opinion":"Opinion:","opinionBylineAuthorsAndColumnists":"{firstAuthor} \u0026 {secondAuthor}, Columnists","opinionBylineAuthorsAndMoreColumnists":"more columnists","opinionNoColon":"Opinion","opinionRelated":"Opinion Related","pageNotFound":"Page Not Found","played":"Played","pleaseTryAgain":"Please try again.","podcastAltTextSeriesLogo":"{podcastSeries} podcast series logo","politics":"Politics","preview":"Preview","privacyPolicyCheckBoxLabel":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","ratesAndBonds":"Rates \u0026 Bonds","refresh":"Refresh","related":"Related","saved":"Saved","securities":"Securities","seeAllIssues":"See all issues","seeAllLatest":"See all latest","signedUp":"Signed Up","signUp":"Sign Up","somethingWentWrong":"Something went wrong","sorrySomethingWentWrong":"Sorry, something went wrong","subscribe":"Subscribe","subscriberOnly":"Subscriber Only","technology":"Technology","termsOfService":"Terms of Service","thereWasANetworkError":"There was a network error.","thirdPartyEmbedIframe":"Third party embed iframe","toastError":"Something went wrong. Please try again","topSecurities":"Top Securities","topStories":"Top Stories","unsavedSuccess":"Unsaved","updated":"Updated","updatedTimeAgo":"Updated {timeAgo}","viewSavedStories":"View Saved Stories","watch":"\u003cb\u003eWatch\u003c/b\u003e: {title}","watchStandalone":"Watch","whoops":"Whoops","whoopsSomethingWentWrong":"Whoops, Something went wrong - Bloomberg","latestPageSEOTitle":"Latest News \u0026 Updates: Breaking News, Headlines Today","latestPageSEODescription":"Get the latest news today, up-to-the-minute updates, current headlines, and breaking stories, all in one place by Bloomberg","media-ui-article_popularIn":"Popular in {opinion}","media-ui-article_viewInArticle":"View in article","media-ui-core_signUp":"Sign Up","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveAuthor":"Sign up to receive an email every time {author} publishes a new story","media-ui-article_signUpToReceiveEditorial":"Sign up to receive an email every time the editorial board publishes a new story","media-ui-article_getAlertsForAuthor":"Get Alerts for {author}","media-ui-article_copyLink":"Copy Link","media-ui-article_link":"Link","media-ui-article_corrected":"Corrected {timestamp}","media-ui-article_updatedOn":"Updated on {timestamp}","media-ui-article_thisArticleIsPartOfTheIssueOfBrand":"This article is part of the \u003cbolded\u003e{date} issue\u003c/bolded\u003e of {brand}","media-ui-article_following":"Following","media-ui-article_followAllNewStoriesByAuthor":"Follow all new stories by {author}","media-ui-article_getAlertsCTA":"Get Alerts","media-ui-article_mostRead":"Most Read","media-ui-article_withAssistanceFromAuthors":"With assistance from {authors}","media-ui-article_bylineAuthorsByAuthorsAndAuthors":"By {authors}","media-ui-article_byline":"By {author}","media-ui-article_dateValueAtTimeValue":"{localizedDateValue} at {localizedTimeValue}","media-ui-article_linkCopied":"Link copied to clipboard","media-ui-article_floatingCopyLinkAriaLabel":"Copy page URL","media-ui-core_search":"Search","media-ui-core_linkCopied":"Link Copied","media-ui-core_beforeItsHereItsOnTheBloombergTerminal":"Before it's here, it's on the \u003cspan\u003eBloomberg Terminal\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_learnMore":"LEARN MORE","media-ui-core_haveAConfidentialTipForOurReporters":"Have a confidential tip for our reporters?","media-ui-core_getInTouch":"Get in Touch","media-ui-core_newslettersWillBeSentToEmail":"Newsletters will be sent to {email}","media-ui-core_signUpToThisNewsletter":"Sign up to this newsletter","media-ui-core_youreSignedUp":"You're signed up!","media-ui-core_loading":"Loading...","media-ui-core_nextButtonText":"Next","media-ui-core_previousButtonText":"Previous","media-ui-core_shareThisArticle":"Share this article","media-ui-core_lessThan1mAgo":"less than 1m ago","media-ui-core_lessThanAMinuteAgo":"less than a minute ago","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoShort":"approx {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxDaysAgoLong":"approximately {daysElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoShort":"approx {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxMonthsAgoLong":"approximately {monthsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoShort":"approx {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_approxYearsAgoLong":"approximately {yearsElapsed}","media-ui-core_anHourAgo":"an hour ago","media-ui-core_updatedTime":"updated {relativeDate}","media-ui-core_policyAgreeShort":"By submitting my information, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeOffers":"By continuing, I agree that Bloomberg may send me news and offers relating to Bloomberg products. I also acknowledge the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and agree to the \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_policyAgreeUSFull":"By continuing, I agree to the \u003clink\u003ePrivacy Policy\u003c/link\u003e and \u003clink\u003eTerms of Service\u003c/link\u003e.","media-ui-core_navigationDot":"navigation dot","media-ui-core_navigateLeft":"navigate left","media-ui-core_navigateRight":"navigate right","media-ui-core_onlyEnterNumbers":"You can only enter numbers","media-ui-core_fillOutAllFields":"Please fill out all fields","media-ui-core_digitNOfTotal":"Digit {position} of {total}","media-ui-core_offersAndPromotions":"Bloomberg may send me offers and promotions.","media-ui-core_paginationItemsPerPage":"{numberOfItemsDropdown} items \u003cspan\u003eper page\u003c/span\u003e","media-ui-core_paginationPageOfTotal":"\u003cspan\u003ePage\u003c/span\u003e {current} of {total}","media-ui-core_paginationNoPagesFound":"no pages found","media-ui-nav_livenow":"LIVE NOW","media-ui-nav_quicktake":"\u003cprefix\u003eQuicktake:\u003c/prefix\u003e {title}","media-ui-nav_watch":"Watch","media-ui-nav_doNotSellorSharePersonalInfo":"Do Not Sell or Share My Personal Information","media-ui-nav_termsOfService":"Terms of Service","media-ui-nav_trademarks":"Trademarks","media-ui-nav_privacyPolicy":"Privacy Policy","media-ui-nav_careers":"Careers","media-ui-nav_madeInNyc":"Made in NYC","media-ui-nav_advertise":"Advertise","media-ui-nav_adchoices":"Ad Choices","media-ui-nav_help":"Help","media-ui-nav_bloombergAllRightsReserved":"©{year} Bloomberg L.P. All Rights Reserved.","media-ui-nav_signInOrOut":"Sign In or Out","media-ui-nav_subscribe":"Subscribe","media-ui-nav_upgrade":"Upgrade","media-ui-nav_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signin":"Sign In","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchButton":"search-button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_accountMenu":"Account Menu","media-ui-nav_arialabel_exitButton":"Exit","media-ui-nav_arialabel_mobileMenuButton":"Mobile Menu Button","media-ui-nav_topSecurities":"Top Securities","media-ui-nav_trackYourPortFolionFromAnywhere":"Track your portfolio from anywhere with a Bloomberg Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_addToWatchlist":"Add To Watchlist","media-ui-nav_createWatchlist":"Create Watchlist","media-ui-nav_arialabel_menu":"Menu","media-ui-nav_liveTv":"Live TV","media-ui-nav_arialabel_placeholderLine":"Line","media-ui-nav_arialabel_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_menu_item_helpCenter":"Help Center","media-ui-nav_arialabel_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_whatYouGet":"What You Get","media-ui-nav_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_signout":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenu":"User Account Menu","media-ui-nav_menu_header_settings":"Settings","media-ui-nav_menu_item_interests":"My Interests","media-ui-nav_menu_item_newsletter":"Newsletters","media-ui-nav_menu_item_watchlist":"Watchlist","media-ui-nav_menu_item_corporateHub":"My Company Hub","media-ui-nav_menu_item_account":"Account","media-ui-nav_menu_item_subscription":"Subscription","media-ui-nav_menu_item_billing":"Billing","media-ui-nav_menu_item_signOut":"Sign Out","media-ui-nav_menu_item_savedItems":"Saved","media-ui-nav_arialabel_selectRegion":"Select Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_currentRegion":"Current Region","media-ui-nav_arialabel_regionSelector":"Region Selector","media-ui-nav_arialabel_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_searchBloomberg":"Search Bloomberg","media-ui-nav_arialabel_cancelButton":"Cancel","media-ui-nav_arialabel_subMenuDesktop":"submenu-desktop","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButtonContainer":"User Account Button Container","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountButton":"User Account button","media-ui-nav_arialabel_userAccountMenuButton":"User Account Menu Button","media-ui-nav_readMore":"Read more","media-ui-nav_myAccount":"My Account","media-ui-nav_subscribeToSaveAndGiftArticles":"Subscribe to save and gift articles, and access exclusive newsletters"},"analytics":{"brand":"business","contentType":"sectionfront-phx-citylab","pageType":"lineup-sectionfront","parselySite":"","refresh":false,"template":"new-lineup","title":"CityLab - Bloomberg","transporter":false,"vertical":"business"},"disableLazyLoading":true,"countryCode":"US","adConfig":{"adDemand":"extra-low","globalAdOptions":{"strategy":"viewable","refreshOptions":{"refreshInterval":0}}},"adTargetings":{"thematic":"citylab","tr":["silveru","goldu","platu","chfu","jpyu","ftse1u","ftse2","sgxu","techu","blpusdd","chfd","jpyd","oild","sgoldd","pimcocur","travd","twcomd","blksmartb","legatruutest","blkvlue","ssgadowd","testblend","teston","ai","ipos","cloud","econgrwth","intrate","Earnings","centralbankers","monetarypolicy","esg","banking","bonds","commodity","ishares_ihak","CBOEVIXD","rty_down","ccmp_down","spx_down","indu_down","bain_esg","fixedincomeishares","gsbitcoinetf","iSharesBitcoin","BRSPD","krbt","vixschwabd","teslau","utilityd","teslad","utilitiesu","materialsu","rbd","testTrgr","mfsgovernmentbonds","ecolabtrigr"]}},"__N_SSP":true},"page":"/curation/phoenix/[pageId]","query":{"pageId":"phx-citylab"},"buildId":"s9UIBo8qkjc9_6hyvYkKx","assetPrefix":"https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/lineup","runtimeConfig":{"s3Domain":"assets.bwbx.io","registrationUrl":"https://login.bloomberg.com"},"isFallback":false,"isExperimentalCompile":false,"dynamicIds":[21619,79585,31767,6767,38002,22028,44679,530,86245,84065,53843],"gssp":true,"locale":"en","locales":["en","jp"],"defaultLocale":"en","scriptLoader":[{"src":"https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/foundation/event-recorder-client/1.0/event-recorder-client.min.js","crossOrigin":"anonymous","strategy":"afterInteractive"},{"src":"https://assets.bwbx.io/s3/foundation/artemis-client/1.1/artemis.min.js","crossOrigin":"anonymous","strategy":"afterInteractive"}]}</script></body></html>