THE BANK GUARANTEE

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2013-01-09T11:19:00.001-08:00

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Bank credit guarantee

2012-09-08T09:48:00.003-07:00

Bank credit guarantee - a guarantee of the bank to make a payment this amount to the creditor upon presentation of cash requirements in accordance with the terms of the warranty. Bank guarantee - a way to ensure that contractual obligations, but it does not depend on those commitments. That is, the Bank does not undertake any obligation to fulfill the terms of the contract, but provides for the payment of this sum of money to guarantee the lender in the event they have any claims against the debtor. Bank guarantee may be used, provided the lender if the borrower fails to fulfill its obligations to the lender.Bank credit guarantee - one-way deal, necessary (essential) conditions which are: the period for the period of which it is issued, and the amount of which is restricted liability of the guarantor. The main difference from other methods of securing the obligations that the service is not dependent on the principal obligation, therefore, should be performed in all cases on demand. If a bank guarantee to the moment of creditors became aware of the performance of, or any other termination of the secured obligations, it notifies both parties, but the law requires him to Russia, in the event the second demand, anyway fulfill the request of the creditor.There are several types of bank guarantees: payment, advance, tender, customs, performance guarantees, warranties and guarantees the refund of credit. Bank loan guarantee - one of the most common types of guarantees. Credit is often associated with certain guarantees that are issued by the recipient of a loan or a third party (for example, the head of the guarantee of the borrower). A bank guarantee enables the lender to refund the loan.Bank credit guarantee has some advantages and compared with surety. The fact is that when debt repayment is guaranteed by the credit institution itself, it allows the lender to not engage in the financial analysis of the guarantor, that is required for the use of software in the form of guarantee for the loan. Therefore, this type of software allows you to quickly get a bank decision to grant you credit.Taken from http://mobank.ru

The tender guarantee of benefits

2012-07-15T08:07:00.001-07:00

Tender guarantee - a written guarantee, which gives the bank for the bidder. At the same financial institution warrants that such Party will perform its obligations under the rules of the competition.

Tender guarantee covers the following risks:

    waiver participant to perform its obligations under the supply and delivery of services;
    Review proposals, participating in the tender;
    refusal to the party for whom the guarantee was issued, the signing of the contract if it wins the tender.

Thus, the tender guarantee is for two main purposes: first, to ensure fulfillment of obligations to the winner of the conditions that were announced during the competition, and secondly, deny the possibility of participating companies are too small to cause doubts about the organizer.

For a tender guarantee lenders may require collateral. For the customer is established line of credit. As a rule, you must provide not only proof of the financial condition of the enterprise party, but also the rules of the tender.

Banking Commission for issuing a tender guarantee of 1%, depending on the period for which it is issued.

Most often, tender guarantee is required when a company participates in the tender for the supply of something or the provision of services to public bodies.

taken from http://www.banki.ru

Life and health insurance

2012-07-07T06:38:00.000-07:00

Life and health insurance - a typical legal institution, time, agency or entity the contents of which are very clearly written, rich in actuarial, economic and financial activities. However, recently some people try to use it for operations, it is very similar to the monetary irregular deposit with partial redundancy. These attempts are very destructive and solvency of the traditional life and health insurance, as an institution and misled by those who consider themselves "insured depositors."
First of all, it is important to understand that the life insurance contract is not related to the monetary irregular deposit contract. Life Insurance - a contract rate at which one party, the insured (the policyholder) undertakes to pay a fee (premium), or the price of the operation, and in exchange for the other side, that is, the insurer (insurance company) agrees to pay a certain compensation in the event of the death of the insured or still alive at the end of the period specified in the contract. Thus, the fees paid to the holder of the policy is not fully available to him, but access to them is completely transferred to the insurer. Thus, all life insurance contracts contain the exchange of these defined benefit plans for the future, uncertain benefits (to payment under the contract depends on uncertain events, such as death or survival of the insured). For this reason, a contract of life insurance, savings equivalent to an act (in which the ownership of the real benefits and access to common property and the availability of future benefits) as the best savings. Such a contract creates an opportunity to get a significant amount when it enters into force, provided that the expected happens, uncertain event (eg death of the insured). In order to accumulate capital that the insurance company pays the death of any other traditional method of preservation (traditional surgery or credit) will require a long, measured over the years, a period of [continuous] savings. In other words, life insurance contracts on the basis of calculating the probability of mortality tables and survival, as well as on the principle of reciprocity, that is, the separation of losses among all insurance companies - clients of insurance companies have done very first time [after the conclusion of the contract], if the anticipated event, a significant amount of money the accumulation of other methods that will take many years to come.
In addition, life and health insurance is a long term contract in a difficult financial and insurance components, and requires a reasonable investment of significant resources. The availability of these resources goes to the insurer, who must collect [from insurers] are calculated mathematically and investment reserves needed for future payments on liabilities. These values are called "mathematics" as they are obtained by calculating the probability of death and survival according to mortality tables, which are extremely reliable and have high resistance to the majority of Western countries. You can calculate the amount needed to pay for all of the guaranteed compensation, so that the probability of ruin was the lowest. Later, we consider the basic economic and financial differences between the contract of life insurance and baggage irregular fractional-reserve. In contrast to the life insurance contract does not allow the calculation of the probabilities of non-regular luggage, since the existence of the organization (bank based on a fractional reserve) and periodic mass withdrawal of deposits are not completely independent phenomena.
An additional complication is that some types of life insurance include the right of refusal. This means that insurers can cancel the contract and get cash mathematical resale value of their policies. Some theorists promote a position which is that the insurance policies, including the "purchase price" is very similar to the monetary irregular deposit contract with a partial redundancy. In contrast to this view, it is important to note that the presence (or absence) hidden in the luggage of an irregular ultimately depends on the true motives, goals (subjective reason) of the contract. If, as is typical for traditional life insurance, the client intends to maintain the policy until the expiration of his term and did not know that he may at any time to withdraw funds, the transaction is not obvious irregular baggage, and traditional life insurance contract. This type of insurance is sold bundled with the idea that a failure - a "last resort", that is a decision that is appropriate only in extreme necessity, when the family is unable to continue in full payment in accordance with the policy, which is essential for peace of mind all its members.
Nevertheless, we must recognize that (particularly) in recent years, banks and other financial institutions have made constant efforts to erase the basic, traditional distinctions and blurring the boundaries between life insurance contracts and bank deposits.
The market began to emerge of the true cash deposits under the guise of life insurance policies. The main tactic of sales is as follows. Clients report that they should not impose the burden of long-term savings, including scheduled payments, as the funds transferred to the insurance company can return at any time without penalty or cost (and sometimes with interest). One of the reasons why companies disguise these actions within the life insurance to take advantage of the traditional tax breaks that almost all governments in developed countries, provides insurance companies with regard to their beneficial impact on society at all levels, as they stimulate the activities of voluntary savings and prudence, and, therefore, a stable, noninflationary economic growth and development. Thus, large quantities of bogus transactions made "life insurance" is actually nothing more than disguised contributions, which makes the viewer with ease, given that this money if they need or simply have a desire to put them in a different financial institution can get back without penalty. All this gives rise to much confusion. For example, the numbers that correspond to operations not related to life insurance (bank deposits) were included in the official statistics collected premiums on life insurance, and amid much confusion, the traditional life insurance market had been discredited, and their definitions are fuzzy.
Fortunately, the restoration of a normal situation. And traditional private insurance companies and the authorities are beginning to realize that nothing causes more harm than life insurance blurring the line between him and bank deposits. This confusion is harmful for everyone, traditional life insurance, which has lost a lot of tax benefits, and are faced with increased interference and control by the central bank and state, and to customers who purchased life insurance, thinking that to make a bank deposit, and vice versa, and banks, which in many cases, the funds raised from the true contribution (under the guise of life insurance), and tried to put them in the long-term projects, thereby jeopardizing their ability to pay, and, finally, government oversight, gradually lost control of the institution of life insurance ( due to the gradual erosion of its definition), which was largely intercepted by another agency - the central bank. And the banks - it is an entirely separate type of institution, financial and legal frameworks, as we see, leaves much to be desired.

taken from http://vkurse.org

Advance repayment guarantee

2012-07-07T06:37:00.000-07:00

Advance payment guarantee (payment) - a guarantee providing the fulfillment of obligations of the Applicant to deliver the goods, works and services listed in the down payment. The guarantee is intended to use the advance payment in the spirit of the contract between the buyer and seller.
Advance payment must give the provider the means to, for example, to purchase materials and components to deliver the car to the place of manufacture, hire staff or to do other preparatory work. Since this warranty provides for the return of down payment, the seller in case of default of its obligations, it prevents a breach of contract.
Validity
Advance payment guarantee cease to have effect subject to the supply contract. Validity is usually from six months to a year.
Scope
Commercial contracts, contracts for works and services;
Applicant
The seller, contractor or provider of services, which under the contract must make delivery, perform work or provide services;
Beneficiary
The buyer, customer, or the party which provides services wishing to protect themselves against the risk of default down payment, if the applicant does not fulfill his obligation to deliver the goods, works or services in accordance with the contract;
Goal
Coverage of the Applicant to deliver the goods, works or services listed in the advance payment;
Amount
First, the amount of advance payment guarantee consistent, often reduced to the extent that the move operation is carried out or delivery. In the case of advance payment guarantee is necessary to consider two important features:
In order to eliminate the abuse of called guarantees, time of entry into force should be set in conjunction with the bank-guarantor. It requires only unambiguous, verifiable data bank.
Example: "This guarantee shall enter into force only after the amount of down payment in the amount of 100,000 francs for the benefit of the company X will come to us."
Reduction
Often, the principal can achieve that the sum of the advance guarantees for the time is automatically reduced. This happens in particular when there is an agreement on partial deliveries and advance payment guarantee for a certain exposed part of the total order value. The volume reduction is, in principle, is focused on the progress of the implementation of the agreement. This reduces not only the amount of guarantee fees and costs. Relevant evidence may serve as a fulfillment of the relevant documents (eg, marine shipping documents), or the proper use of credit.
The simplest possibility is to establish a clear temporal digression, for example: "The guarantee amount is reduced every 6, 12, 18 and 24 months after entry into force each time by 25%."
taken from http://www.rusbanks.info

Guarantee of repayment

2012-07-07T06:36:00.000-07:00

Guarantee of repayment

Guarantee repayment of the loan - a guarantee which is issued on behalf of the borrower's bank lender and the borrower provides the performance of its obligations under the loan agreement.

The purpose of the guarantee: the amount of guarantee ensures the return of principal, interest payments, penalties on the loan, provided by the creditor bank.

The main conditions:

     Deadline: usually up to 1.5 years;
     sum: in the amount of liabilities to repay the client of the principal amount, interest payments and penalties on the loan, provided by the creditor bank;
     Currency: U.S. dollar, the euro;
     security: security is required, covering the amount of the guarantee. If necessary guarantees are made the main holding companies - asset owners and beneficiaries of revenue.

taken from http://voronezh.psbank.ru

Property insurance

2012-07-07T03:04:00.003-07:00

Property insurance is a system of relations between the insured and the insurer to provide insurance services to the last, when the protection of property interests related to the possession, use and disposal of property.

    risk of loss (death), shortage or damage to certain property
    risk of liability for the obligations arising from injury to life, health or property of others, as well as in the cases provided by law, and liability under the contracts - the risk of civil liability

    the risk of losses from business activities due to violations of their contractors or the trader changes the conditions of this activity does not depend on the circumstances of the entrepreneur, including non-receipt of expected returns - business risk
Specific instances of insurance specified in the contract of insurance. The nature of insurance risk is established by agreement between the insured and the insurance agency.

    The total cost of damaged or lost as a result of an insured event the property or the cost of restoring damaged property;
    income (or parts thereof) that were not insured for damage to or loss of property resulting from an accident.
Insurance compensation is partial compensation for losses. Insurance reimbursement may not exceed the amount of damage to insured property insured or a third party, unless the contract of insurance does not provide for payment of insurance indemnity to a certain amount.
Climb to the insurer's liability for insurance claims is the existence of certain economic and legal consequences of injury, death or loss of insured property, ie, the presence of losses.
The sum insured - the insurance contract or a certain amount of money authorized for which the insurance value of the material. Within the limits of the insured amount the insurer agrees to pay when the insured event. The maximum sum insured is established by law: it can not exceed the actual (insurance) value of the property at the time of signing the contract. The sum insured shall not exceed the insured value of property insurance.
In property insurance, the insured amount is determined and stipulated in the contract of insurance.
If the insured amount corresponds to the insured value, the property is fully insured and losses are reimbursed in full. If the sum insured is less than insured value, compensation is paid within the sum insured. The cost of real estate, manufacturing, technology and office equipment is defined as:

    replacement cost, ie the amount required for the acquisition or manufacture of new objects of this kind and quality;
    actual (residual) value, ie replacement cost minus the cost of wear and tear;
    market value, that is, the selling price of the object.
The insurance value of the goods, raw materials, finished goods is determined on the basis of the amount needed to buy them.
If the sum insured exceeds the cost of insurance, the insurer must immediately demand a reduction of the sum insured, the insured value with a corresponding proportionate reduction in insurance premiums. In connection with the insurance contract null and void in that part of the sum insured exceeds the actual value of the property at the time of the contract. In this part of the higher paying the insurance premium is not refundable.
If you find that the insured amount is the result of fraud, the insurer, the insurer may require that the zero-force of the contract and damages in excess of the amount it received the award.
Insurance compensation - the amount of payments from the insurance fund to cover the damage to the property insurance and liability insurance of an insured for property damage to third parties. Insurance compensation can be equal to or less than the sum insured in the circumstances of the insured event and the conditions of the insurance contract.
The reason for which reimbursement is the conclusion of management at the fact and circumstances of the accident.
Adjusters - natural or legal person representing the interests of the insurance company to address the issues set forth in the claims of the insured in connection with the insurance case. Adjusters are inclined to agree with the insurer about the amount of insurance compensation to be paid on the basis of commitments страховщика.Обязанностьстраховых regulators - set (in connection with the insured event):

    Was it an accident;
    property insurer of the insured event;
    The nature and extent of the damage;
    causes and conditions of the insured event;
    the presence or absence of circumstances that determine the claims and defenses of the parties.
There are four ways to redress: refund, repair, replacement, restoration.
Text of the agreement usually gives the insurer the right to choose one or another form of compensation. The most commonly used form of money. The "natural" form of compensation is advantageous for use in these types of insurance, as insurance glass, automobiles, real estate.
To reimburse the customer must state a claim for membership in a timely and proper form. An insured event shall be documented. This requires documentation from the competent authorities (state control, finally, technical supervision, the appropriate emergency service, expert opinions, the decision to institute criminal proceedings, decisions or decisions, etc.). Documents confirming the existence of an insured event, its causes and the offender. You must provide the documents entrusted to insurance. Settlement of losses insured must ensure that:

    requirement applies at the time of registration;
    The plaintiff is a full insured;
    The insured event under the contract;
    The Insured shall take all reasonable steps to minimize the damage and the insurance is not intentionally;
    that all additional terms and conditions of the contract;
    none of the exclusions from coverage contained in the agreement does not apply to this insurance case;
    cost of damage is likely.
The basis for determining the amount of compensation is the fair value of insured property at the date of the loss.

    In the event of total loss or loss of insured property - an amount equal to the real cost of lost property at the date of the insured event minus the value of the remaining residues, suitable for use, but not exceeding the sum insured;
    when the insured property damage - equal to the cost recovery (repair) at the prices current at the date of the insured event, within the sum insured.
Complete destruction of property takes place, if the restoration costs exceed the actual cost of the insurance object immediately before the accident.
The cost of restoration and repair does not include costs associated with the changes, improvement, modernization or reconstruction of the object of insurance, support and prevention, as well as other costs not associated with the insurance case.
Double insurance - a variant of multiple insurance by several insurers of the same interest as compared to the same risks, when the total sum insured exceeds the insurable value of the object. The total amount of compensation may not exceed the amount of the loss suffered by the insured, regardless of the number of policies purchased. Different concepts of sets and double insurance. Repeated or additional insurance in case the public interest in the insured against the same risk for the same period, several insurance companies, and the total insured amount for all contracts shall not exceed the insured value of the object. Reinsurance is not prohibited by law.
If the fact of double insurance was opened up to the insured event, the total amount insured under the contract must be brought into line and do not exceed the insured value. At the same time, the insured may request that the sum insured under the contract, which was concluded later, was reduced with a corresponding reduction in premiums. The excess of the insurance premium paid is not refundable.
If the fact of double insurance was opened after the accident, the insurance is invalid in that part of the total insured amount exceeds the insured value. Insurers are obliged to pay compensation to the insurer, the total sum should not exceed the amount of damage. The amount of compensation paid by each insurer must be reduced in proportion to the initial reduction of the sum insured under the contract.
Rules determine the insurance, the insurer shall notify the insurer of all insurance contracts entered into in respect of the property insured with other insurance companies. In a statement the policyholder is liable for this question.
This provision may be introduced into the text of the insurance contract. In addition, he noted that the facts of double insurance insurance company is exempt from the obligation to pay compensation in accordance with this agreement.

taken from http://www.grandars.ru

Integrated bancassurance

2012-07-07T02:30:00.001-07:00

Comprehensive banking insurance is insurance of banks on the basis of criminal acts. Types of insurance coverage offered by Bankers Blanket Bond (BBB) to compensate for losses from theft and fraud with respect to property located on conservation.
Insured risk factors for complex banking insurance:

    disloyalty, abuse bank staff (use of forged documents, etc.);
    theft of securities from the bank vault;
    electronic and computer crimes;
    professional responsibility of the bank's employees;
BBB have been developed to co-insurance policies that provide coverage of losses banks suffered as a result of fraudulent team or program into a computer system, the system of electronic transfer of money or the communication system of the bank, as well as providing cover losses the banks suffered as a result of the defeat of its computer system virus, or in cases where the transfer of funds was carried out by the bank of fraudulent orders, obtained by means of telephone or fax.
Initially, coverage of computer crimes has been developed as a separate insurance policy for which a separate aggregate limit was set coverage and premium. However, when this insurance product came to be regarded as part of a comprehensive program to combat crime, limits on insurance coverage of computer crime has become an integral part of the coverage limit is set at BBB, the insurance premium under the policy of computer crime was calculated on the basis of quotations for the BBB. Insurance policy against computer crimes and BBB issued by one insurer. Otherwise, if the policyholder will suffer a great loss, which falls under the cover and the BBB and the insurance policy against computer crime, there can be serious disputes between insurers for compensation.

http://www.risk24.ru/bbb.htm

What are the conditions for the issuance of bank guarantees and how they can get?

2012-07-06T13:00:00.001-07:00

What are the conditions for the issuance of bank guarantees and how they can get?

Bank guarantee is an additional tool to fulfill the obligations under the contract. Simply put, it's kind of the way the creditor, not sure about the solvency of the borrower, to protect themselves against default by the debtor to pay the debt. In this case, the lender pays a fixed amount the bank. This is a lucrative way of reducing risks to zero during the transactions.

The bank guarantee is a deal (which is regulated by civil law) and banking (governing bank laws and regulations). Issuance of bank guarantees is made in the provision of the appropriate organization of the necessary documents.
The procedure for issuing a bank guarantee

Thus, the subject composition of a bank guarantee to guarantee, the principal and the beneficiary.

Guarantor - a person who issues a written document, which contains the commitment to pay a sum of money.

Principal - is the debtor of the obligation.

Beneficiary - a creditor of the principal, in his favor given the guarantee.

Can act as guarantors of banks, credit institutions and insurance companies. The bank guarantee is issued at the request of the principal guarantor. The meaning of guarantees is that it provides the proper performance of obligations to the debtor by the creditor. The order of issue is quite simple: the principal guarantor of the agreement concluded with the issuance of bank guarantees, pursuant to which the bank issues a guarantee for certain conditions. For providing the guarantee the guarantor shall pay to the principal payment.
Conditions for issuing a bank guarantee

Conditions for issuing a bank guarantee are defined in the Agreement, which entered into between the guarantor and the principal. Also, the Agreement establishes the procedure for issuing a bank guarantee, the guarantor and the principal settlements on the first payment of remuneration, the right of recourse to the guarantor of the debtor, the scope and implementation. In order to obtain a bank guarantee, you need to know how much money will need to ensure that the transaction, as well as an understanding of the conditions of the beneficiary, if these conditions are. Next, you need to collect documents for submission to the bank or credit institution. Each bank is different this package, it largely depends on what the base monetary obligation of the debtor to the creditor.

But mandatory are the following items:

    opening a bank account;
    welfare and security;
    provision of financial statements.

A prerequisite for obtaining a bank guarantee is to provide a guarantor of the financial condition of the principal. That's what is necessary to collect all necessary and requested by the bank or credit institution documents.

Assistance in obtaining bank guarantee

At the present time in order to obtain a bank guarantee, does not necessarily apply to the bank. Assistance in obtaining guarantees can provide the operating companies, which have obvious advantages. For example, when referring directly to the bank, you can expect a warranty for 2 or 3 weeks, you also need to collect documents that are required for the loan. When you work with the operating company to open account, to provide collateral and security, as well as to collect a large set of documents is not required. The very same bank guarantee is subject to satisfactory due diligence will be available within 3-5 working days from the date of submission of documents.

The forms of bank guarantees

2012-07-06T08:16:00.000-07:00

The forms of bank guarantees

The forms of bank guarantees are classified according to various criteria.

Conditional and unconditional, that is, on-demand: characteristics with respect to payments to the beneficiary. Unconditional bank guarantee - the bank's obligation to pay a certain amount to the beneficiary on the basis of the requirements for payment. A conditional guarantee is different in that the bank undertakes to pay a certain sum to the beneficiary, but subject to the provision of the document, which confirms the non-payment of the principal amount.

Urgency and irrevocability - signs of a bank guarantee of quality. The basis of it is the fact that the bank can not unilaterally refuse to pay the beneficiary. Borrowers prefer is revocable bank guarantees, as there are fears among the beneficiaries.

The forms of bank guarantees are secured and unsecured.

In the first case, it is understood that the bank guarantee implies the presence of collateral as security. The key can be any property that is owned by the principal - the goods, equipment, real estate, securities.

Accordingly, unsecured bank guarantee has based its support and issued a written commitment of the bank, that is the guarantor.

Confirmed by a bank guarantee. Its essence is that a bank that has an obligation to the beneficiary, in part or in full confirms a bank guarantee.

Syndicated bank guarantee issued by the main bank of several banks. Such safeguards are typical for large transactions, domestic or international. The more banks involved in the transaction, the higher the value of syndicated bank guarantee.

In addition to all of the above distinctions bank guarantees are divided into direct and counter-guarantees. In the case of the conclusion of a direct bank guarantee, the obligation to make payments on the bank, but when it comes to counter-guarantee, then this means that the bank issuing the guarantee, may require counter-charges from another bank - the participant of the transaction, if the principal asks for it in writing.

In dependence on the possibility of transferring to another person, non-transfer requirements for guarantees, bank guarantees are transferred and non-transferable. Conditions and procedure for transfer of the requirements stipulated by the beneficiary directly to the written agreement of the bank guarantee. The guarantor shall be liable to the beneficiary for failure to perform or breach.

This may be a delay in the payment amount or part thereof, failure to pay the guarantee, the delay in payment. For failure to fulfill obligations to the guarantor's responsibility, since the bank guarantee is cash in nature. Bank guarantee can not be withdrawn, unless specified above. It also guarantees the right to review should relate to the terms of the principal and the guarantor of the grant assurances.

The purpose of bank guarantees

2012-07-06T08:15:00.003-07:00

The purpose of a bank guarantee
The bank guarantee is a type of support from the winner of the auction / tender. Any bilateral agreement, both parties to a certain risk, since the refusal to fulfill their obligations either party may make a financial loss, on the other side. Today, however, these risks can be avoided by using different types of bank guarantees. The method is sufficiently broad to ensure the following: deposits, securities, buildings, apartments, equipment, vehicles and goods for use, warranties and other organizations and individuals of other organizations, credit guarantees. If a client is permanent, and its financial position and credit history - just may be issued a bank guarantee without collateral. As a rule, in which case the contract is the direct debiting of funds to be used for repayment of payments under a contract of guarantee. Several different types of bank guarantees, among which the most frequently used to ensure the proper execution of the contract, and guarantee the return of advance payments or guarantees of customs and tender, the tax is the most traditional of the warranty period, which is available for individual transactions or obligations and conditions, it is always associated with an indication of the date and amount of this contract. In such cases, banks are usually set lower, but not the upper limit of the amount required for such obligations.

Bank guarantees

2012-07-06T08:15:00.002-07:00

Bank guarantee - issued a bank guarantee to ensure customer or another person money or other guarantees .Bank a way to ensure that obligations under the contract, but by its nature does not depend on these commitments. Typically, the bank guarantee occurs when not enough is known counterparties pay each other, and they want to limit their risks dealership Insurance arrangements connection fees or other obligations under the contract. With the proper performance of their contractual obligations to ensure the parties remain unused, and payments are made only upon the possible .Understandable guarantee that the guarantor and the principal to build their relations on a reimbursable basis. Last lending institution pays the fees for issuing a bank guarantee. Its size and terms of the transaction is determined by agreement between the guarantor and principal. If the debtor has violated a contractual obligation that is secured by a bank guarantee, a credit institution makes an appeal to him (back) requirements. When the surety pays money to the beneficiary under the bank guarantee, takes into account the amount of compensation to be received from the Chief

The bank guarantee as a tool for risk management

2012-07-06T08:15:00.001-07:00

The bank guarantee as a tool for risk management- What are the challenges currently faced by the Ukrainian enterprises?The first question:- Delays in payments - the unavailability of loans - Disciplinary charges key partners, and as a consequence, reduced confidence in the Ukrainian companies, not just investors but also to key partners, both in Ukraine and abroad.- How do these factors affect the trade relationship?Sales of products and manufacturers and trading companies - a guarantee of successful development, and during a crisis - it is a guarantee of survival. In a crisis, many suppliers are forced to reduce the credit period of trade, or even move to a scheme of payment upon delivery or payment, to avoid the risk of default. The most pressing issue is what to do to customers in this situation? Their working capital inherent in receivables, maturities, and slows down. For example, today, reduced ability to pay the supermarket chain has led to manufacturers and distributors of essential goods - food, household chemicals, household products, etc. - To suspend its work with them, and old debts go to the supermarket category is questionable.- What's the solution?The increase in working capital. We ask ourselves, is not it? Suspension of existing projects, reducing costs, increasing profits, bank loans or expensive private loans .... Are these methods are feasible and appropriate in a crisis?The ideal solution for customers today - to convince the supplier that payment for goods you arrive. Practice shows that the business relationship, the best proof of solvency is a reliable guarantee of a third party - a financial institution.This warranty is a guarantee of the bank - a tool to ensure compliance with contractual obligations.- Tell me more about what a bank guarantee?The bank guarantee is a financial instrument by its very nature does not require the diversion of funds. Bank payment guarantee issued on behalf of the purchaser, the supplier guarantees the reimbursement of the bank the amount of payment for products delivered under the contract in case of nonpayment by the buyer. During the period of validity of bank guarantee supplier ships products by providing credit to the buyer necessary for trade sales and revenue, which was subsequently calculated as a buyer for the goods delivered. In the event of failure to pay the supplier refers to the bank for compensation. The degree of trust between the parties is growing - the buyer receives the necessary delay in payment, the seller releases the goods, without fear that the income is not received in time.In international trade contractors are often the same problem: while the seller is difficult to assess the creditworthiness of the buyer, the buyer is not easy to assess the willingness to fulfill the obligations the supplier, as well as his professional and financial opportunities.Thus, the main task for both sides to find the means to fulfill its contractual obligations, goals, and serves as a bank guarantee. Thus, the guarantee is an ideal tool for managing and financing risk for the buyer - as a financing tool for the seller - as a way to increase sales by offering trade credit, with no risk of default.- Under what conditions can a bank guarantee?As an instrument of the bank guarantee has its value. However, the fee for the issuance of guarantees is incomparable with the Commission for the issuance of credit. In practice, the cost - it is 2-7% per annum. The cost of bank loans in mid-2008, at least 2.5-3 times higher. Today, with the possibility of obtaining a bank loan is very limited and the interest rates on loans increased by more than 2 times the cost of production remains the same guarantees and depends on the financial condition of the company, whose name guarantees the quality of support provided by the company as collateral.- What is important to know when choosing a banking partner of the company on domestic and international payments?An important factor is the rating of the bank that issues a bank guarantee. For the manufacturer, especially for international companies, not every bank is a reliable guarantor. Thus, a situation may arise where the seller will require that the guarantee was confirmed by another bank, with high, as a rule - international, rating. The sense of recognition of shared responsibility is the confirming bank to the issuing bank (buyer's bank). In other words - it is an additional guarantee for the provider to pay for goods shipped. The cost of bank confirmation increases the cost of warranty by about 3% per annum. Thus, the higher the rating of the bank guarantee, the less likely that the necessary proof of warranty.- What would you not recommend to consider when choosing a bank?When choosing a bank guarantor, contractors must pay attention to the following:- Bank Ratings - national and international (Fitch, Moody S '). This information can be obtained directly from the bank or the Internet;- Belonging to an international banking group, which has the highest rating, a reputation as history has proven the existence, stability during the crisis. For example, a bank may be small in Ukraine, but it belongs to the illustrious group, provides a high reputation and significant financial resources and stability;- The presence of the bank in other countries. As a rule, the larger the network of the bank, the more he is known in the world, and the more power, more features. Intercompany pricing policies to reduce the cost to the customer banking products, which allows the bank in a competitive market.

Source => rtpp.com.ua

The bank guarantee for big business

2012-07-06T08:15:00.000-07:00

The bank guarantee for big business

In the big business is often a situation where you need some way to meet their obligations. One of the most effective ways to do this will provide a bank guarantee.
The bank guarantee for big business?

Large companies use a bank guarantee, when they need to reinforce confidence in their commitment of any kind, for example, to perform the contract or tender.

Banks provide a variety of safeguards in accordance with the needs of its customers. Popular is the guarantee of advance payment, which is also given to the buyer for the supplier to provide a refund in the event of an advance delivery terms.

When participating in the tender for the purchase of shares is often required to provide a guarantee to fulfill their investment commitments.

The tender guarantee is issued at the request of the bidder, providing the performance of its obligations, the data side, declaring bidding.

Guarantee in favor of the customs authority shall be issued for obligations of the importer to pay customs duties on goods imported during a certain period of time. The guarantee of re-exportation ensures that the obligations of the party, carrying out duty-free importation of equipment into the country with an obligation to export a certain time (for example, to demonstrate at the show, etc.).

Less common judicial guarantee for the payment of which is provided by the defendant a certain sum by the court.

For large businesses relevant international guarantees that are issued to foreign partners. They can provide a refund of advance payment for export, guarantee of payment for goods shipped during import, the same tender guarantee. And the guarantee of a Russian bank can support the confirmation of the first class European bank.

The bank guarantee can be given once or repeatedly. In this case, set a limit on the total amount of obligations that you can provide, within the agreement. In addition, the agreement has a time limit.

The procedure for the provision of a bank guarantee is no different from processing the loan. Mandatory requirement - to provide collateral. If you find yourself insolvent debtor, the bank offset its losses through the implementation of the pledge.
Pros and cons of a bank guarantee

Due to the bank guarantee can be solved by a series of financial problems in the current activities of big business. However, it is cheaper any other way of financing business.

The disadvantages include a bank guarantee unless the mandatory requirement of collateral.

Some are inclined to believe the lack of the fact that the bank has no way to verify the validity of the requirements for fulfilling the terms of the warranty. Terms of performance of this warranty does not provide. Checks only the mere presence of all the documents required under the terms of the warranty. Checking the authenticity of these documents is beyond the competence of the bank.

Therefore, the use of a bank guarantee there is some risk that unscrupulous contractors or employees of the fiscal authorities can produce unreasonable demand for the implementation of safeguards. Have to compensate the bank spent money, despite the fact that you did not give a reason for this, and then in court to prove that you did not violate its obligations secured by the guarantee.
The bank guarantee for big business: the price of the issue

For providing a bank guarantee fee is paid, which leaves from 0.5% to 7% of the amount of warranty, or 2-7% per annum. In calculating the reward amount will be accounted for warranty coverage, your solvency and liquidity of the mortgage. Serves as the appointment of warranty, the period for which it is granted, the amount of liabilities and the currency in which they are nominated. The lower the Bank will assess the risk of default of your obligations under that issued the warranty, the cheaper it will cost you a guarantee.

The rate of remuneration may include a separate fee for opening and maintenance of a bank guarantee or processing requirements. The minimum size of such a commission is 1% of total liabilities.

taken from http://www.123credit.ru

What is a Bank

2012-07-06T08:14:00.001-07:00

In the early 90's was carried out very interesting study. Sociologists of the entrepreneurs were asked the question, "What is the bank?" And learned responses. To the surprise of researchers, 98% could not give an exact answer to the question. Today, of course, what the bank is known to many. However, not all. Perhaps someone will be useful this article.

Thus, the bank is a specialized financial institution that carries out various kinds of operations with the money, precious metals and securities. Among the many areas of banking activities can be identified to provide financial services to individuals, organizations and the state, lending, issue of securities transactions with money signs.
The main functions of banks. Given the savings of citizens, banks are investing in their business activities, while they not only ensure the safety of funds, but also pay rewards - interest income - the owners of savings. Banks that provide savings of citizens paid the temporary use of commercial organizations, carry out credit, seeking to maturity, interest payment, repayment of loans issued and guaranteed. Term of credit thus depends very much on the period for which the bank itself received deposits from their depositors. The value of fees for the loan is determined by general principles of the pricing of financial resources in the capital market. The recoverability of the loan provided by the laws and authorities, regulatory compliance. Loan guarantee is manifested in the requirements of banks to the borrowers to provide security or to transfer the property as collateral for a bank - through the sale of such security or collateral the bank recovers its losses in the non-repayment of loans. Banks provide assistance to businesses and individuals in the organization of payments for goods and services through a system of non-cash settlements in which payments are made by wire transfer (transfer) of money from the payer's account on the payee's account. Transactions can be made in the form of entries in bank accounts on the basis of the payment documents to be drawn participating business transaction. Banks are actively creating new forms of money to expedite and facilitate payment for goods and services: checks, bills, electronic credit cards, etc.
The man in order to raise capital in the bank makes its money in the form of so-called deposit at a rate of interest, it can be both monetary contributions and contributions under the precious metals.

After that bank lending starts to conduct, but the interest rate on the increase, and sometimes several times.

Accordingly, the monetary difference - this is the bank profits. In addition, at the present stage, the bank intervened in the relationship between the employer and the common man.

Many of us are on the payroll through a financial institution.