Renewable energy credits (RECs), also known as credits, green certificates, green tags, or tradable renewable certificates are tradable certificates of proof that one MWh of electricity has been generated by a renewable-fueled source.

Customers can buy green certificates whether or not they have access to green power through local utility entities or a competitive electricity marketer; without having to switch electricity suppliers, thereby making REC buying and selling independent of geography.

Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS)/ Renewable Electricity Standard (RES)

Renewable Energy Credits are central to the RPS (also known as RES). The RPS requires all electricity generators (or electricity retailers, depending on policy design) to demonstrate, through ownership of credits, that they have supported an amount of renewable energy generation equivalent to some percentage of their total annual MWh sales. For example, if the RPS is set at 10%, and a generator sells 100,000 MWhs in a given year, the generator would need to possess 10,000 credits at the end of that year. Renewable Energy Credits are a tradable commodity and the pricing of RECs primarily vary by supply/ demand within a state/ region and how the RECs are packaged for sale.

The Renewable Portfolio Standard (RPS) is a flexible, market-driven policy that can ensure that the public benefits from wind, solar, biomass, and geothermal energy. It also ensures that renewable energy generation continues to be recognized and utilized as electricity markets become more competitive. The policy states that a minimum amount of renewable energy is included in the portfolio of electricity resources serving a state or country, and — by increasing the required amount over time — the RPS can put the electricity industry on a path toward increasing sustainability. Because it is a market standard, the RPS relies almost entirely on the private wholesale and retail electricity markets for its implementation. Private market implementation will result in competition, efficiency, and innovation that will deliver renewable energy at the lowest possible cost. The RES provides a predictable, competitive market, within which renewable generators compete with each other to lower prices (as more renewable energy is generated within a state/region, this also generates more RECs, ultimately driving the cost of the RECs in that state/region to be lowered as the supply increases). Mandatory RPS policies currently exist in 29 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.

As renewable energy generators automatically earn credits (RECs), they actually earn extra income from the sale of the credits. These credits then have to be purchased by electricity generators or retailers to compensate for the electricity that is generated from non-renewable sources (i.e. mostly fossil fuels). Therefore, a mandatory RPS directly benefits the growth of the wind power industry and also provides extra income for wind farms as the RPS requirements are increased over time. As not only existing states continue these requirements, but as states that have yet to adopt a mandatory RPS develop such guidelines, the wind industry hopes to continue to see considerable growth.

Vert Investment Group (”Vert”) is a leading renewable energy investment advisory firm focused on small to medium-sized utility-scale generation projects in strong power markets. Vert utilizes its proven methodology, the Staged Progression Model, to guide development projects to construction ready and identify investment opportunities that generate out-sized returns.

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Fuel Economy Vehicle

It is now indisputable fact that the Earth has warmed by 0.74°C over the last hundred years, with 0.4°C of this occurring since the 1970s and the majority of scientific bodies now agree that climate change is a genuine and major issue, possibly the greatest environmental challenge that modern civilisation has faced.

The latest report (the Fourth Assessment Report) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) leaves little doubt that human activity is the main cause of these changes. At present more than 7 billion tonnes of carbon dioxide are emitted each year through global fossil fuel use, with a further 1.6 billion tonnes emitted by change in land use, mainly deforestation. The concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere has reached 430ppm CO2 equivalent – a level not seen for tens of thousands of years.

The Fourth Assessment Report from the IPCC states that mean global temperatures are likely to rise between 1.1°C and 6.4°C above 1990 levels by the end of this century, depending on our emissions. This increase in temperature will result in a further rise in world sea levels of between 20 and 60cm, also by the end of the century. Ice caps, glaciers and sea ice will continue to melt, rainfall patterns will change and tropical cyclones will intensify. Across the globe there will be more extreme heat waves, droughts and flooding. Food shortages as arable land becomes unusable and the spread of diseases such as malaria are frequently predicted. There could be severe water shortages as well, with groundwater suffering from salination as sea levels rise.

Governments, businesses and individuals all need to act together to secure our future on the planet.

Sources:

• UK Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs – DEFRA
• Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change – IPCC
• ‘Stern Review on the Economics of Climate Change’ – Sir Nicholas Stern, Head of the UK Government Economic Service, October 2006
• US National Center for Atmospheric Research – NCAR

For more information and insight into climate change, carbon offsets and energy – or simply to download the Spanish feed in tariffs visit our educational climate site here: http://hotclimate.wikidot.com

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Tags: fuel economy fiat spider, fuel economy tips, auto fuel economy, best fuel economy

Fuel Economy Guide

High energy costs and an environmentally battered planet affect each one of us in one way or another. The fact of the situation is it is really quite possible for a good percentage of us to cut our monthly bill while helping to save the planet. Yes, kill two birds with a single stone just by turning to renewable energy and the best and practical technique to do that’s arguably thru the use of home made wind generators.

Wind Generator
Having having said that , it’s not always feasible or practicable. And are they inexpensive over the conventional form of power?

Wind power generation is based on the concept of energy conversion. Basically, the wind power turns the windmill which is attached to a turbine alternator or converter to provide electrical power. Traditional windmills are just water pumps but modern wind power generators are complete power systems that come with safety, high-wind survival, lightning and electrical overload protection and emergency shutdown features. The majority are equipped with options for storage and interconnection to area utility grids for credit or sale of overflow power.
Ideally, the house sits on a good-sized plot in a comparatively spaced-out rustic or sub-urban neighborhood. Surrounding wind resource is steady and even. The local supply grid also supports the interconnection of excess power for reverse credit or sale.

That is the reason why wind power generators are sometimes employed in mutual complement with another renewable energy source specifically solar power, sunlight supply of which intrinsically is also not continuous thru either.
It isn’t rocket science to make wind energy. A handful of those DIY handbooks essentially do a particularly neat job in guiding even the fully uninitiated to construct their own wind power generators from nothing. It’s possible to not only chop your power bills but also receive payment for the excess that is channeled back onto the utility grid. On top of that, there’s the sensation of gratification from understanding that you have made a contribution to the green movement.

More Home Wind Generator Articles

Free Green Energy Home Made Generator

Original Wind Power Energy Ideas and Solutions

Wind Power Energy

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Best Fuel Economy

How much safer are organic baby clothes? Some of the pesticides used to treat textile fibers can cause cancer, but the risk seems to be negligible. Most of the chemicals that cotton manufacturers’ uses are petroleum-based and despite washing, they still remain in the clothing. Moreover, another great problem with conventional baby clothes are dyes that can cause skin allergies and irritations. Organic baby clothes on the other hand pose none of these risks as the production of the fibers is completely toxin free. Any environment-conscious parent should think about purchasing ecological products for the babies, toddlers and children.

In some expert opinions the benefits of organic baby clothes are not that preponderant and the health hazards of conventional clothes are exaggerated. The toxic residues are mainly eliminate during the processing of the fibers. Only extremely sensitive skin will have reactions to the minor residues in the fabric. Organic baby clothes are preferable because of the reduced stress on the environment: this is the real advantage and benefit of such products!

The problem with organic baby clothes comes from the high price and the fact that there are not enough manufacturers supplying the market. With 50% more expensive products, organic baby clothes manufacturers cannot expect to hit the market. Plus, the need to constantly renew the little one’s wardrobe will further become an issue of affordability.

If you can’t afford to buy organic baby clothes, or there is no such supplier in your part of the country, at least you can do everything possible to choose something safe. Go for those products that are made of plain cotton and as little colored as possible. Any multicolored item contains a high amount of dyes, and these have a potential allergenic impact on the sensitive baby skin. Online orders are also possible for organic baby clothes, and if you constantly check with the various retailers, there are high chances to make good purchases during the sales period

Learn more organic baby clothing

Kevin Diaz is a professionals of the environment and eco related. He know a lot about environment and how the people can help the environment to become better and cleaner. For any concern please visit us at http://ecofriendly-greenliving.com/

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Tags: auto, how to boost fuel economy, fuel economy tips, automobile fuel economy

Car Auto Fuel Economy

As discussions about the need to wean off of fossil fuels become even more serious, many people are looking into alternative energy sources for their homes and business operations.

Solar power systems are a popular option around the world for good reason. These systems, however, can range rather greatly in size and complexity.

The different types of solar power systems available include:

• Small cell systems – The popularity of solar power systems to power a single device are becoming very popular.

Examples of this type of system abound and include such things as wrist watches, portable radios and flashlights and even camping equipment. This type of solar power system is generally very small and self-contained.

• Limited use solar panel arrays for home use – Home use solar power systems are generally designed for limited use. This means they are meant to power specific systems within a home.

For example, a solar power array might be designed to take an air conditioning system or pool water heater off of the electrical grid. This type of system generally involves solar panels on one portion of a roof.

• Self-contained home systems – This type of system is most commonly used in remote locations.

A fully self-contained solar power system that can run an entire household or office can provide all necessary power when getting on the electrical grid isn’t feasible. This type of system will generally involve a much larger solar panel array than a limited design.

Self-contained systems are becoming more popular in residential areas where electrical access is also available.

• Solar dish – Solar power systems that are created using dishes that are similar to satellite dishes are becoming quite popular for portable use and even in collection fields used by power companies to offset their own use of fossil fuel driven electricity.

This type of system involves collection of the sun’s rays using a device that can be moved to absorb the maximum amount of energy during daylight hours.

On the portable end, this type of system is frequently used by campers and RV enthusiasts. Larger systems are rather cost prohibitive for individual owners to put in place. Inasmuch, they are used by power companies instead.

• Solar fields – Solar fields are exactly what they sound like. This type of set up, reserved for power company use, involves the creation of a large number of solar arrays to collect the sun’s energy during daylight.

A solar field might include stationary panels, solar dishes or a combination thereof.

Solar power systems are showing their benefits more and more. As the limited nature of fossil fuels becomes very evident, harnessing this type of renewable energy is becoming very attractive on the small scale and even in large scale projects.

Learn more about free electricity at Energy4Freedom.com

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Fuel Economy

Global warming is one of the “hottest” issues nowadays. The current climate change is the worst yet to happen. Global warming is an overall increase in world temperature which is attributed to the increasing number of greenhouse gases trapped in the atmosphere. Searching an alternative energy source is considered a way of reducing the toxic emissions.

Greenhouse gases can be produced both by natural and industrial processes. The most abundant greenhouse gases on earth’s atmosphere are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone and CFCs.

There are several sources of greenhouse gases. Burning of fossil fuels and deforestation lead to higher concentration of carbon dioxide in our atmosphere. Without the trees and plants to take in the carbon dioxide emitted by burning fossil fuels, natural gas and petroleum products, all of the CO2 emitted stays in the atmosphere.

Also the use of CFCs or chlorofluorocarbons in refrigeration systems and in fire suppression systems and other manufacturing processes also increase the greenhouse content of our atmosphere. While the use of non-organic fertilizers in agriculture also lead to higher nitrous oxide concentrations, another greenhouse gas.

In the United States, greenhouse gas emissions mainly come from the use of fossil fuels as energy source. Approximately 82 percent of the greenhouse gas emission in the United States in 2006 came from the combustion of coal, natural gas and petroleum (United States Energy Information Administration). Meanwhile in Asia, Chine is expected to increase its emission of greenhouse gas because of the construction of old-fashioned power plants in its internal provinces. Currently, the carbon dioxide concentrations in the atmosphere are the highest in 150,000 years. The 1990s was most likely the warmest decade in history, while 1998 was the warmest year (Greenpeace).

Not controlling the greenhouse gas being emitted by human activity can increase climate change the next hundred years that will be much faster than anything known and recorded in history. There are necessary steps to be undertaken to control the toxic emission that will soon be killing us.

To minimize the consumption of oil, petroleum and other fossil fuel, we should use energy efficiently. Energy that we use should be generated from renewable energy source, which would mean harnessing the natural energy from the sun, winds, crops, tides and waves.

Green energy is another term used to describe sources of energy that are considered to be environmentally friendly, which is also similar to the renewable sources of energy.

There are numerous ways of generating electricity and energy from renewable and natural sources that generate clean and safe energy. Wind, sun, and heat can generate electricity for less price and less carbon emission than those of coal and even gas.

Shifting the world’s attention to alternative fuel source other than relying on fossil fuel is among the solutions in resolving the drastic climate change. Greenpeace cited that with renewable energy and using it smartly, can deliver half of the world’s energy needs by 2050. Greenpeace also cited that it is feasible to reduce carbon dioxide emission to almost 50 percent within the next 43 years.

Governments are taking steps to use and tap alternative energy sources as main source of energy. The European Union leaders made an agreement in March 2007 to ensure that 20 percent of their nation’s energy should come from renewable fuels by 2020. This is part of their effort to cut carbon dioxide emissions and other greenhouse gas. There are even governments offering incentives to their residents who are using green energy.

Alternative energy source may not be the only way to reduce the greenhouse emission that human activity produce. There are simple ways in which we can do to contribute in reducing toxic gas emission and mitigate global warming.

Have a look at www.greenenergygroups.com

Lucas Price – http://thedownloadshub.com/

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Tags: motor, fuel economy gauge, fuel economy ford exursion, improve fuel economy

Auto Fuel Economy

NIGER DELTA, home to 20 million people and 40 different ethnic groups, this floodplain makes up 7.5% of Nigeria’s total land mass. It is often called THE LAND OF MONEY. Niger Delta is the largest wetland and maintains the third-largest drainage basin in Africa. Its environment can be broken down into four ecological zones: coastal barrier islands, mangrove swamp forests, freshwater swamps, and lowland rainforests. This wonderfully well-endowed environment, contains one of the highest concentrations of biodiversity on the planet. The area is facing serious environmental pollution due to the extraction and processing of crude oil. Some of these problems are oil spills, water, air, land and noise pollution. Research as shown that the region could experience a loss of 41% of its inhabitable terrain in the next thirty years as a result of extensive environmental degradation and dam construction in the region.

Already the region is facing the impact of the environmental problems which include acid rain, destruction and migration of fishies, infatile farm land, lack o clean-drinking water, no good air, noise pollution. Gas flaring is also a major problem in this region. Along with the inefficiency of gas flaring, another problem gas flaring poses is the release of large amounts of methane, which has very high global warming potential. Areas like Eket and it’ environs in Akwa Ibom State are already importing drinking water from neighbouring communities, Port-Harcourt, Bayelsa, Delta, etc are dying of the numerous environmental pollution. Dispite these harmful environmental impacts, the Federal Government and the oil industy are carelessness about the situation, which is the causes of the popular militancy, killings, vandalism, shortage and irregular supply of oil, crime and general unrest Nigeria and the dependent nations for Nigeria’s oil are facing today. With the poisoning of the waters of this country and the destruction of vegetation and agricultural land by oil spills which occur during petroleum operations, one can conclude that PART OF THE WORLD IS DYING RAPIDLY

Note: Climate Change is a threat to we, the people of the earth. Therefore, we must come together to proffer potential/sustainable solutions to the problems of our environment.

By Okon E. Promise (Environmentalist)

www.promiseokon.blogspot.com

Lagos, Nigeria

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Tags: fuel economy cars, fuel economy gov, fuel economy tips, suv fuel economy

Are your electricity bills bothering you? Do you want to create your own electricity? Well, then you will be glad to know that creation of electricity is very easy.

Now it might not seem very easy to you but you can create your own electricity in just some simple steps. In this article, we shall discuss a few of these steps.

For the first, you will have to assess your needs. This means that you have to ascertain how important a thing is to you and if it is, do not forget to include that in your electricity plan.

You will also need to have a full fledged objective of your work planned out. Like what is it exactly that you are trying to achieve?

Are you just trying to save power or money or both?

Then after this, you need to make a list of all the things for which you need power. This may include water, lights, refrigeration and a lot of other things.

Then after you have made this list, you will have to decide how to create your own electricity.

Now you can do it easily. For instance, you can install a grid attached system on rooftop on a small scale. Then after wards you can expand it when you start using more power.

Now when you shop, you will have to make sure that the grid system you are buying can be expanded later.

Some other things that you need to buy are deep cycle batteries and a building outside your main building that doesn’t have many needs and can be run for much less electricity than your main building.

Deciding on a well pump is a good idea too, for then you will not die of thirst if your solar panel or windmill is out of work.

These are some of the things that you need to create your own electricity.

If you want to learn how to create your own electricity at home, i highly recommend Earth4Energy guide. Check out my in depth Earth4Energy review and learn how to save electricity bills and maybe even get paid to produce electricity.

Article Source:http://www.articlesbase.com/environment-articles/create-your-own-electricity-at-home-1419129.html

Tags: increasing fuel economy, fuel economy gauge, best speed for fuel economy, fuel economy vehicles

Improve Fuel Economy

If any UK government department mentions the words:- green, environment, carbon gas emissions, etc, etc, you can be sure before the end of the sentence arrives you’ll also find the word- TAX.

As recently as last month the UK government announced plans to increase taxes for motorists so drastically as to put the future of driving cars in jeopardy for most people, these taxes are to be raised as a method of contribution to a Green Tax Levy amounting to £150bn over the next 10 years.

One factor that never seems to be considered by the people who think up these measures is how will their decisions affect people who live out in the country. Practically everyone who lives in the country are on lesser incomes than their city dwelling counterparts and cannot rely on a good public transport system, how then are they going to conduct their lives with no travel.

A survey reveals very clearly that transport lags behind both industry and buildings in global energy usage yet is always seen as the cash cow when tax revenues are required to be topped up.

How long will it be before our Chancellor of the Exchequer makes a statement, as he did on the recent increase in Flight Taxes, that these motoring tax increases are just a revenue raising exercise and nothing to do with environment issues.

Of far greater importance to the well being of our planet is the absolutely enormous damage being carried out in the Amazon Rainforest, and not to be forgotten, other regions including Indonesia, where logging will have cleared all rainforests in 10 years and in Papua New Guinea in 13-16 years.

All this deforestation, a great amount of which is illegal, is to provide land for agriculture and crops, some of these crops are for the production of bio-fuels for our cars. Can anyone see the sense in that, clearing rainforests which absorb carbon gas emissions to plant crops for the production of further fuels, ok perhaps slightly less polluting fuels.

What we have not heard a lot of information about is where these crops and products end up; answer- BRITISH SUPERMARKETS.

There is a clear case to answer here, if British supermarkets are buying  cheap products (which these products would have to be for the supermarkets to be interested in) then they are not only profiting from illegal activity and having supported indirectly the logging and deforestation but they should be making a corresponding contribution to green taxation.

Bill Williams

www.thecarhub.net

Bill is now retired but has always enjoyed travelling, which included driving on all continents of the world. He also has a very keen interest in all environment issues. He started his first website last year and is about to launch a more comprehensive motoring site www.thecarhub.net

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Tags: motorcycle fuel economy, devices that improve fuel economy, car fuel economy, cars with best fuel economy

Increase Fuel Economy

Introduction:

Industrial Projects of today are highly polluting in nature causing a great deal of air, water and soil pollution. Realizing the importance of the problem, the Government has passed various legislations in order to prevent degradation of ecology and environment caused by the growth of such industries.

Article 51 A of the Constitution imposes as one of the fundamental duties on every citizen, the duty to protect and improve the natural environment.

Inspite of various legislations such as:

Air (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act, 1981

Water (Prevention & Control of Pollution) Act 1974

Environmental Protection Act 1987 and

Factories Act 1948 (as amended in 1987)

 Not much seems to have been done in framing regulations that will put an end to tendencies in industries that have adverse effects on nature and healthy living of an individual. No doubt, there is greater awareness of this aspect to-day than ever before, but the problem of environmental hazard caused by industrial effluents has gone out of control.

In Sec. 217 (i) (e) of the Companies Act, 1956 a mention has been made of conservation of energy, whereas an equally important aspect relating to environment and ecology does not find a place in it. Though statutory standards have been laid down, pollution level in many of the industries are far below satisfaction.

 CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY:

It is a necessary that energy industry evolves its own environmental policy in order to ensure that over a period of time, time tested policies will remain and statutory regulations may be imposed upon industries to adhere to such policies.The following steps are necessary:

(i)       Formulate and publish an environmental policy

(ii)       Involve the company’s personnel

(iii)     Provide for adequate financial resources in the budget (iv)     Review and monitor policy at regular intervals.

 (V)      Audit and Report.

PRESENT TRENDS:

 Millions in India’s exploding towns and cities find the industrial revolution coming in through their windows. To step this blatant disregard of pollution control laws, the Supreme Court and some high courts passed a series of judgments on public interest litigations in 1995 ordering the closure of industries in Delhi, Gujarat, U.P. Tamilnadu and West Bengal. But there is a world of difference between getting the Supreme Court to close down an industrial unit and actually ensuring it closes shop or cleans up.

The problems begin with units that stall blatantly by simply refusing to accept closure or warning notices. In Delhi, the Supreme Court ordered that above 9,000 industrial units should move out of Delhi for being in zones not meant for industry. Accordingly, notices were issued to 1,221 units. At least half of them questioned their categorization as polluting industries: The original classification could be flawed; a re-evaluation will be a Herculean task.

 In West Bengal, the shut down order for 30 units from the Supreme Court promoted the West Bengal Pollution Control Board to look seriously at a host of other industries. The Board hauled up 252 units for air and water pollution; after getting notices 225 of these cleaned up their act and the others like Indian Rayon, Reckitt & Colman, Buru Standard, Texmo and JFB Agro were being monitored for compliance. An interesting point to note down is that the resistance to pollution control comes not just from management but from unions who fear job losses, especially if the unit is in the red. In Delhi, agitated workers protest regularly outside the Supreme Court where a division bench is trying to decide how, when and how many industries should move out of the city. If industrial units are finally closed, keeping them shut will not be easy either. Several units shut down by the court orders have been restarted either with the help of political pressure on water supply and electricity authorities or by managements who simply run generators and get water supply from tankers.

The Supreme Court ordered closure of 57 tanneries in North Arcot of Tamilnadu; 496 units were given time to set up Effluent Treatment Plants. But the deadline could not be met Tanneries had to bear 20% of the cost and Government whose share was 25% (the balance from loans) pointed finger at each other, and the ETPs are far from completion.

 In Gujarat, more than 93 industries were ordered shut by the High Court in Ahmedabad and Vapi. In Nandasari, 252 units were threatened up with closure if they did not clean. Less than 10 have stopped operating. The Court is now listening to experts to educate itself on issues of cost, technology and time. Industries, which long ignored pollution control are now pleading for time to find affordable technology.

WHAT IS TO BE DONE?

 Since the health of every individual is of paramount importance, it is the bounden duty of the Government to ensure that the right to live in a healthy atmosphere is undisturbed. In this ever increasing world of pollution, it is high time that our Government takes concrete steps to insist upon industries to frame environmental policies and to be bounded by it.

Pollution Control Boards should be geared to meet the challenges that may arise in this endeavour. A clause on the environmental and ecological protection can be inserted in the Companies Act 1956 in sec. 217 (1) after conservation of energy.

But one can take a horse to the water but cannot force it to drink. The attention is to industries that first do not bother about installing pollution control equipment, ignore notices, and when they are finally handled up before the courts, still try to wriggle out.

Eventually, it seems to be citizens alone who can make a difference in the long run. Unless there is a vigilant citizenry, it is very difficult to cope. The fight against urban pollution is running aground because there is a nexus between the bureaucracy, policy makers and industry.

Dr.R.SRINIVASAN is a Post graduate in commerce and Management. He received his doctoral degree from Alagappa University in 1997. He is now Working as an ASSOCIATE PROFESSORin Post graduate and Research Department of Corporate Secretaryship at Bharathidasan Government College for Women (Autonomous), Pondicherry University, Puducherry.He currently teaches Accounting ,financial management and Research Methodology Subjects. Before Joining BGCW, he was teaching in SNR College, Coimbatore, Sindhi college, Chennai& T.S.Narayanasamy College, Chennai for eight years. He was with the industry for a short term at Salzar Electronics Pvt. Ltd, Coimbatore. He has about 20 years of teaching experience and having research experience of 15 years. His interests are in Accounting and finance, Capital Market, Quantitative Methods. He underwent the Faculty Development Programme at Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad during 2000-01. He has presented 20 papers in national and international conferences and has published twenty papers in the areas of Finance and Human resource Management in National Journals. Co-authored a book titled, ‘Investors Protection, published by Raj Publications, New Delhi He has delivered lectures in contemporary finance topics at Pondicherry University. He is involved in consultancy projects for Godrej Saralee, Chennai in the areas of Statistical Applications. He has supervised a number of research projects in the area of corporate finance and Human Resource Management. He is the Board of examiner in corporate Secretaryship and Management for the past two decades.
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Tags: motorcycle fuel economy, fuel, automobile fuel economy, car fuel economy

Automobile Fuel Economy