The English Language References

အဂၤလိပ္စာအတြက္ ျမန္မာဖိုရမ္တစ္ခု။

2008-10-20T09:19:00.001-07:00

သူငယ္ခ်င္းတစ္ေယာက္ကေျပာတာနဲ႔ MZ (Mystery Zillion) ကလုပ္ေပးထားတဲ့ အဂၤလိပ္စာ ဖိုရမ္တစ္ခုကိုေတြ႔ပါတယ္။ http://www.mmenglish.net/ ပါ။ အဂၤလိပ္ဘာသာစကားနဲ႔ပက္သက္ၿပီး ဗဟုသုတရွာမွီးခ်င္သူမ်ားအတြက္ညႊန္းလိုက္ပါတယ္။ သိခ်င္ေတြေမးလို႔ရတဲ့ က႑လည္းပါပါတယ္။ Teacher Ian Carter မွေျဖေပးတယ္လို႔သိရပါတယ္။

မွတ္ခ်က္။ ။ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ English4Myanmar ဆိုဒ္အား မအားလပ္မွဴေၾကာင့္ update မလုပ္ႏိုင္ေသးပါေၾကာင္းအသိေပး ေမတၱာရပ္ခံအပ္ပါသည္။

Visual Dictionary Online Dot Com

2008-06-10T02:43:00.000-07:00

http://www.visualdictionaryonline.com/
အထက္ပါဆိုဒ္ကေတာ့ ပံုျပအဂၤလိပ္စာ အဘိဓာန္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အသံထြက္ပါ ပါ၀င္ပါတယ္။
ပံုနဲ႔ စကားလံုးမ်ားကို သက္ဆိုင္ရာအမ်ိဳးအစားမ်ားအလိုက္ ခြဲျခားထားပါတယ္။
Merriam-webster မွျပဳလုပ္ေပးထားတာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

Pterocarpus macrocarpus Vs Myanmar Water Festival

2008-04-04T12:42:00.000-07:00

Pterocarpus macrocarpus (Burma Padauk) is a species of Pterocarpus native to southeastern Asia in northeastern India, Burma, Laos, Thailand, and Vietnam.

It is a medium-sized tree growing to 10–30 m (rarely to 39 m) tall, with a trunk up to 1.7 m diameter; it is dry season-deciduous. The bark is flaky, grey-brown; if cut, it secretes a red gum. The leaves are 20–35 cm long, pinnate, with 9–11 leaflets. The flowers are yellow, produced in racemes 5–9 cm long. The fruit is a pod surrounded by a round wing 4.5–7 cm diameter, containing two or three seeds.
The wood is durable and resistant to termites; it is important, used for furniture, construction timber, cart wheels, tool handles, and posts.

"

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterocarpus_macrocarpus

ျမန္မာလိုေတာ့ ပန္းေတာက္ေပါ့။ ဘာလိုလိုနဲ႔သၾကၤန္ေတာင္ေရာက္ေတာ့မယ္။

English language Books written in Myanmar

2008-04-04T12:18:00.000-07:00

အဂၤလိပ္စာအုပ္မ်ားကို ျမန္မာလိုမွ ဖတ္ခ်င္သူမ်ားအတြက္ဒီမွာ ၀ယ္ယူႏိုင္ပါတယ္။
http://goldenmyanmar.net/store/index.php?cPath=27_106
shopping cart functionality ပါပါတယ္။ ဘယ္ႏွစ္အုပ္၀ယ္မွ အေရာက္ပို႔ေပးလဲဆိုတာေတာ့ စာေရးသူေသခ်ာမသိပါ။
အဲဒီမွာ best seller ျဖစ္ေနတဲ့စာအုပ္ A Basic English Grammar with Answer ကအဂၤလိပ္စာ စေလ့လာသူမ်ားအတြက္ေတာ္ေတာ္ေကာင္းပါတယ္လို႔အၾကံေပးလိုပါတယ္။

Slang Books

2008-03-30T00:46:00.000-07:00

slang စာအုပ္မ်ားတင္ေပးလိုက္ပါတယ္။

1. SEX SLANG (for 18+ only)
Author: Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor
Publisher: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), London and New York
Pages: 212
sex slang ကိုေတာ့ အသက္ ၁၈ေအာက္ေလ့လာသူမ်ား Parental Guidance နဲ႔မွဖတ္ေစခ်င္ပါတယ္။
ဥပမာ၊ ။
baby pro noun
a very, very young prostitute US, 1961
• — Burgess Laughlin, Job Opportunities in the Black Market 1978
ကန္တဲ့ေဘာလံုးေတာ့မဟုတ္ဘူး။
ball verb
1 to have sex US, 1952
• In that time, Dean is balling Marylou at the hotel and gives me time to change and dress. — Jack Kerouac, On the Road 1957
ဒီမွာယူပါ။ ၂.၅၀ မီဂါဗိုက္ရွိပါတယ္။ PDF ဖိုင္ပါ။

2.Dictionary of Contemporary Slang
Author: TONY THORNE
Publisher: A & C Black, London
Pages: 513
၂၀၀၇ ထုတ္ပါ။ ဒီမွာ ယူပါ။ ၁၂.၅ မီဂါဗိုက္၊ PDF ဖိုင္ပါ။

3. The Concise New Partridge Dictionary of Slang and Unconventional English
ေရးတဲ့သူေတြကေတာ့ အထက္က sex slang စာအုပ္နဲ႔တူတူပါပဲ။ ဒီေကာင္ကစာမ်က္ႏွာပိုမ်ားပါတယ္။
၂အုပ္လံုးကေေတာ့ ၂၀၀၈ ထုတ္ေတြပဲ။
Author: Tom Dalzell, Terry Victor
Publisher: Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), London and New York
Pages: 740
ဥပမာ၊ ။
abortion noun - a misfortune; an ugly person or thing US, 1943
ဒီမွာယူပါ။ ၁၁.၄ မီဂါဗိုက္ပါ။ PDF ဖိုင္ပါ။

Great Words

2008-03-29T23:13:00.000-07:00

အီးေမးလ္မွရရွိသည္ကိုျပန္လည္မွ်ေ၀ပါသည္။

ပဒုမၼာ အဂၤလိပ္-ျမန္မာ အဘိဓာန္

2008-03-27T04:02:00.000-07:00

အဂၤလိပ္စာႏွင့္မကင္းႏိုင္ေသာ ကြ်န္ေတာ္တို႔ေက်ာင္းသားမ်ားအတြက္ Mouse-over အဘိဓာန္တစ္ခုထြက္ရရွိလာပါတယ္။ ေဘဘီလံုေဆာ့ဖ္၀ဲလ္ေပၚအေျခခံထားၿပီး language package bgl ကိုေတာ့ ျမန္မာစာအဖြဲ႔ မွထုတ္ေ၀ေသာ အဂၤလိပ္-ျမန္မာအဘိဓာန္ကိုအေျခခံထားပါတယ္။ ေဖာင့္ကိုေတာ့ ေဇာ္ဂ်ီယူနီကုတ္ကိုအသံုးျပဳထားပါတယ္။ ယခုအဘိဓာန္ကို ပဒုမၸာဖိုရမ္ မွ MonsterOfRock ေရးသားတာျဖစ္ၿပီးအခမဲ့ျဖန္႔ေ၀တာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

babylon - 6 ေဆာ့ဖ္၀ဲလ္ကို ဒီမွာ ေဒါင္းလုပ္ရယူပါ။ language package bgl ကိုေတာ့ ဒီမွာ ေဒါင္းလုပ္ရယူပါ။

တပ္ဆင္ပံုမွာ ပထမဦးစြာ ေဘဘီလံု ေဆာ့ဖ္၀ဲလ္ကို အရင္ေဒါင္းလုပ္ျပဳလုပ္ပါ။ Babylon6_setup.exe ကို run ၍ install ျပဳလုပ္ပါ။ installation ၿပီးေသာအခါ task bar ညာဘက္ ေအာက္ေခ်ရွိ system tray ထဲမွ babylon ကို right-click လုပ္၍ exit လုပ္ပါ။ patch ကို run ရန္အတြက္ babylon ကိုအရင္ပိတ္ဖို႔လိုအပ္လို႔ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒီေနာက္ ပထမ ေဒါင္းလုပ္ဆြဲထားေသာ Rar ဖိုင္ထဲမွ babylon.6.0.3.4.pro-patch.exe ကို babylon installation folder ထဲသို႔ကူးထည့္ပါ။ ၄င္းေနာက္ အဲဒီ patch.exe ကို run လိုက္ပါ။ ၄င္းအဆင့္မ်ားၿပီးဆံုးပါက language package bgl ဖိုင္ကို double click လုပ္၍ install လုပ္ပါ။

အသံုးျပဳပံုမွာ web browser တြင္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ notepad၊ wordpad ၊ documents ဖိုင္မ်ားတြင္ျဖစ္ေစ၊ Gtalk တြင္ျဖစ္ေစ ကိုသိခ်င္ေသာစကားလံုးေပၚတြင္ Mouse တင္(point လုပ္) ပါ၊ ၄င္းေနာက္ Ctrl key ကိုဖိထား၍ Right-Click ႏွိပ္ခ်င္းျဖင့္ အဓိပၸာယ္မ်ားကိုရွာေဖြလို႔ရပါတယ္။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ ႔ေသာစကားလံုးမ်ားအတြက္ ျမန္မာျပန္မပါ၀င္ေသာ္လည္း ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလးျပည့္စံုတဲ့အဘိဓာန္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ အင္တာနက္ေကာ္နက္ရွင္ရွိပါက အြန္လိုင္း အဘိဓာန္မ်ားျဖစ္ေသာ ၀ီကီအဘိဓာန္မွေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ေအာက္စဖို႔ဒ္အဘိဓာန္မွေသာ္လည္းေကာင္း၊ ၄င္းတို႔ထဲရွိ အဓိပၸာယ္မ်ားကိုလည္းတစ္လက္စတည္း babylon ကရွာေပး၍ေဖာ္ျပေပးပါတယ္။

document အားလံုးတြင္အသံုးျပဳရာ၊ အဆင္ေျပေသာ္လည္း PDF ဖိုင္မ်ားတြင္မူသံုးရတာသိပ္အဆင္မေျပေသးပါ။

Everyday American English Expressions - 2.1 Explaining that you have been busy

2008-03-26T08:44:00.000-07:00

Explaining that you have been busy

I am busy.
Keeping busy.
Keeping myself busy.
Been keeping myself busy.
I'm swamped.
swamped = overwhelmed, as with a swamped boat
I am snowed under.
snowed under = as if buried in snow
I don't have time to breathe.
I don't have time to think.
There aren't enough hours in the day.
Not a moment to spare.
I've been running around with my head cut off. (informal)
I've been running around like a chicken with its head cut off. (informal)

Inviting a friend for a drink or coffee

Do you have time for coffee?
How about a cup of coffee?
Let's go get coffee. Do you have any time?
Let's go for coffee.
Let's go for a beer.
Let's go for a drink.

Source: NTC's Dictionary of Everyday American English Expressions

Focus English Conversations

2008-03-14T22:25:00.000-07:00

ေန႔စဥ္သံုးအဂၤလိပ္စာမ်ားကို Listening ႏွင့္တကြေဖာ္ျပေပးထားေသာဆိုဒ္ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။
ေစ်း၀ယ္သြားရင္ဘယ္လိုေျပာမလဲ၊ခရီးသြားျခင္းႏွင့္ပက္သက္၍ဘယ္လိုေျပာဆိုမလဲစတဲ့
စိတ္၀င္စားစရာသင္ခန္းစာမ်ားပါ၀င္ပါတယ္။

http://www.focusenglish.com/dialogues/conversation.html မွာသြားၾကည့္လိုက္ပါ။

Fun with Words

2008-03-14T11:19:00.000-07:00

အဂၤလိပ္စာလံုးမ်ားနဲ႔ပက္သက္ၿပီး ဆန္းဆန္းျပားျပားေတြသိခ်င္သူမ်ားအတြက္ယခု ၀က္ဆိုက္ဒ္ http://www.rinkworks.com/words/ ကိုေဖာ္ျပလိုက္ပါတယ္။

ေအာက္ကဥပမာေလးကို ၾကည့္လိုက္ရင္စိတ္၀င္စားသြားမွာပါ။
ဒါကေတာ့အေရွ ႔ကစာလံုးေပါင္းေပါင္း၊ ေနာက္ျပန္စာလံုးေပါင္းေပါင္းတူတဲ့စာလံုးေတြပါ။
Palindromes လို႔လဲေခၚပါတယ္။

Palindromes

aibohphobia
alula
cammac
civic
deified
deleveled
detartrated
devoved
dewed
evitative
Hannah
kayak
kinnikinnik
lemel
level
madam
Malayalam
minim
murdrum
peeweep
racecar
radar
redder
refer
reifier
repaper
reviver
rotator
rotavator
rotor
sagas
solos
sexes
stats
tenet
terret
testset

YouTube English Learning Channels

2008-03-06T22:57:00.000-08:00

General
http://www.youtube.com/user/englishkitty

http://www.youtube.com/user/JenniferESL

Pronunciation

http://www.youtube.com/user/sozoexchange

Business interview

http://www.youtube.com/user/PrivateEnglishPortal

Affect or Effect?

2008-02-25T13:37:00.000-08:00

Affect or Effect?

Affect (Influence) (V)
မွတ္ခ်က္- Encarta မွာေတာ့ affect ကို verb သာမက noun လို႔လဲ ဆိုလိုထားပါတယ္။
to have an influence on someone or something, or to cause them to change:
e.g. Both buildings were badly affected by the fire.
Effect (Result) (N)
the result of a particular influence:
e.g. The radiation leak has had a disastrous effect on/upon the environment.
Effect (Achieve) (V)
to achieve something and cause it to happen:
e.g. As a political party they are trying to effect a change in the way that we think about our environment.

(Source and reference: Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary 2003)

In general use, affect is only used as a verb, whereas effect is commonly used as a noun and only in formal contexts as a verb. What causes confusion is that they have very similar pronunciations and closely related meanings. If one thing affects [acts upon] another, it has an effect on it [causes it to change]. Notice also that you can affect [cause a change in] people as well as things, but you can only effect [bring about] things such as changes: The election has affected our entire society, for it has effected major changes in the government.The bad weather has a bad effect [not affect] on him.

(Source and reference: Microsoft® Encarta)

For summing up,
A: How do you think the new program will affect things?
B: I think it will affect things in a good way. I think its effect will be a positive one.

Teaching English Alphabets - For KiDs

2008-02-25T11:10:00.000-08:00

www.howcast.com မွ အဂၤလိပ္စာလံုး A to Z ကိုသင္ၾကားေပးသည့္ သီခ်င္းေလးျဖစ္ပါသည္။

In 2020

2008-02-24T02:04:00.001-08:00

Everyday American English Expressions - 2 Small Talk

2008-02-18T22:52:00.000-08:00

Expressing your state of health and happiness

Fine.
I'm fine.
I'm cool. (slang)
Keeping cool.
Dandy. (informal)
Fine and dandy.
Great.
Couldn't be better. (ေကာင္းလိုက္တာမွ၊ ဒီထက္ကို ပို မေကာင္းႏိုင္ေတာ့ဘူး။ :D)
Happy as a clam. (cliché)
Okay.
All right.
(I) can't complain.
No complaints.
I have nothing to complain about. (ေကာင္းလိုက္တာမွ ဘာမွ အတြန္႔တက္စရာမရွိဘူး :D)

Telling how you have been doing - positive

Keeping busy.
Keeping myself busy.
Been keeping myself busy.
Keeping out of trouble.
Been keeping out of trouble.
Been up to no good. (informal)
Been keeping my nose clean. (informal)

Telling how you have been doing - neutral

Getting by. (ဒီလိုပါပဲ မဆိုးမေကာင္းေပါ့(ပိုက္ဆံ))
Been getting by.
Fair to middling. (folksy)
So-so. (informal)
Plugging along. (informal)
Could be worse.
Could be better.
(Just) muddling through.
Same as always.
Same as usual.

Telling how you have been doing - negative

Not good.
Not so good.
Not too good.
None too good.
Not well.
Not very well.
Not so well.
Not too well.
None too well.
Not so hot.
Not too hot.
None too hot.
Not great.
Not so great.
None too great.
Crummy. (slang)
Kind of crummy. (slang)
Lousy. (slang)
I've seen better days.
I've had better days.
Could be better.
I've been better.
I've been under the weather. (idiom) (ေနမေကာင္းဘူး၊ ေနမေကာင္းတာၾကာၿပီ။)

(Source and references: NTC's Dictionary of Everyday American Expressions)

Inventing English: A portable history of the Language

2008-02-18T22:35:00.000-08:00

Author: Seth Lerer
Publisher: Columbia University Press: New York
Pages: 316
Download: 2.13 MB

Description(Excerpt):I grew up on a street full of languages. I heard Yiddish every day from my parents and grandparents and from the families of my friends. There was Italian around the corner, Cuban Spanish down the block, Russian in the recesses of the subway station. Some of my earliest memories are of their sounds. But there were also words of what seemed to be my own family’s making and that I have found in no dictionaries: konditterei, a strange blend of Yiddish and Italian calibrated to describe the self-important café set; vachmalyavatet, a tongue-twister used to signify complete exhaustion; lachlat, a cross between a poncho and a peacoat that my father pointed out one afternoon. Still, there was always English, always the desire, in my father’s father’s idiom, to be a “Yenkee.” My mother was a speech therapist in the New York City schools; my father, a history and English teacher. For the first decade of my life, we lived a dream of bettering ourselves through English. We tried to lose the accent of the immigrant. We memorized poetry. Days I would spend with Walt Whitman (de facto poet laureate of Brooklyn) until I was called in, O Captain-ing together with him straight to supper. I read Beowulf in junior high, and in the arc of Anglo-Saxon or the lilt of Chaucer’s Middle English I found words that shared the Germanic roots of Yiddish. There was that prefix for the participle, ge-, in all those languages. If Grendel’s mother was gemyndig, mindful, remembering, harboring a grudge, then so too was my mother. Everything in my family was gehacktet—ground up, hacked to bits, whether it was the chicken livers that we spread on toast or the troubles that beset us all (the Yiddish phrase “gehacktet tsuris,” hacked up troubles, has always stayed with me. I think of Grendel’s leavings—the dismembered bodies of the Danes—with no more apt phrase).

The American Heritage Dictionary of The English Language

2008-02-18T22:10:00.000-08:00

Author:
Anne H. Soukhanov (Executive Editor)
David A. Jost (Seniro Lexicographer)
Kaethe Ellie (Senior Coordinating Editor)
Marion Severynse (Managing Editor)
Pages: 8652 (wow)
Download: 53.56 MB

Description:ေတြ႔ဘူးတဲ့dictionaryေတြထဲမွာေတာ့က႑အစုံဆံုးနဲ႔စာမ်က္ႏွာအေရအတြက္အမ်ားဆံုး
ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။အဲဒီထဲစာအုပ္ထဲပါ၀င္ၿပီးေရးသားတဲ့တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔ေရးသားသူေတြဒီစာအုပ္ထုတ္ေ၀တဲ့အခ်ိန္မွာ
ေသဆံုးသြားတဲ့အတြက္ဘယ္ေလာက္အခ်ိန္ယူေရးသားခဲ့လဲဆိုတာသိသာပါတယ္။

Proverbs: A handbook

2008-02-18T21:46:00.000-08:00

Author:Wolfgang Mieder
Publisher: Greenwood Press
Pages: 322
Download: 14.68 MB
Description:စကားပံုမ်ားကိုသမိုင္းေၾကာင္းႏွင့္တကြရွင္းျပထားေသာစာအုပ္ျဖစ္ပါသည္။ The wisdom of proverbs has guided people in their social interactions for thousands of years throughout the world. Proverbs contain everyday experiences and common observations in succinct and formulaic language, making them easy to remember and ready to be used instantly as effective rhetoric in oral or written communication. This has been the case during preliterate times, and there are no signs that proverbs have outlived their usefulness in modern technological societies either. Occasional claims persist that proverbs are on their way to extinction in highly developed cultures, but nothing could be further from the truth. While some proverbs have dropped out of use because their message or metaphor does not fit the times any longer, new proverbs that reflect the mores and situation of the present are constantly added to the proverbial repertoire. Thus the once well-known sixteenth- century proverb “Let the cobbler stick to his last” is basically dead today since the profession of the cobbler is disappearing.

How to Write and Publish a Scientific Paper

2008-02-18T21:31:00.001-08:00

Author: Robert A. Day
Publisher: The Oryx Press Pages: 257

File type: Window Compiled Help .chm
Download .95 MB

Description: သိပၸံဘာသာရပ္တြင္ စာတန္းေရးသားမႉအေထာက္အကူျပဳ။

Early to bed, and early to rise

2008-02-18T20:56:00.001-08:00

Early to bed, and early to rise

You naughty bird, I want to know
"Why you so early rise;
And wake me, when you know that I
Have hardly closed my eyes?"

"Why, really, dear," said Cocky Crow,
"I hear you with surprise;
You go to bed with other lambs,
And quickly shut your eyes."

"So when I sound my morning call,
Be quick, my pet, and rise;
For that's the way to healthy be,
And wealthy, love, and wise."

တက္ၾကြတဲ့ၾကက္ဖၾကီးမ်ားျဖစ္ၾကပါေစ။ :D

Saying: Charity begins at home

2008-02-14T23:29:00.000-08:00

Charity begins at home

ကူညီေထာက္ပံမႉသည္မိမိ၏အိမ္မွစတင္သည္။
ဆိုလိုသည္မွာကူညီေထာက္ပံ့မႉသည္မိဘ၊ညီအစ္ကုိေမာင္ႏွမမ်ားမွစတင္ကာ၊ ေဆြမ်ိဳးသားခ်င္းမ်ားကိုေစာင္မသင့္ သည္ဟုဆိုလိုပါသည္။

something that you say which means you should try to help your family and friends before you help other people.

e.g. You ought to stay in and look after your father. Charity begins at home.
Source: Charity begins at home

e.g. You should take care of your family and other people who live close to you before helping people who are living further away or in another country.
Source: The Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary

P.S: အေမ့ကိုသတိရလို႔ ဒီပို႔စ္တင္လိုက္တာ၊ အေမနဲ႔ ရြာကိုလြမ္းတယ္ဗ်ာ။ Charity ကို အိမ္ကစ ႏုိင္ေအာင္လုပ္ရဦးမယ္၊ အခုေတာ့ ဘယ္ကမွ မစႏုိင္ေသးဘူး။

Happy Valentine's Day

2008-02-13T21:00:00.000-08:00

The Union Day of Myanmar

2008-02-11T19:37:00.000-08:00

We unite!!

"ေဟး ရွမ္းအမ်ိဳးသားၾကီး၊ မင္းဘာလူမ်ိဳးလဲေ၀း" လို႔ပ်က္လံုးထဲမွာေတာ့ၾကားဖူးပါတယ္။ ဟုတ္ပါတယ္။ ေက်ာင္းယဥ္ေက်းမႉ ကပြဲ အထိမ္းအမွတ္နဲ႔ ကတဲ့ပြဲမွာ ရွမ္း၀တ္စံု၀တ္ၿပီး ကခဲ့ပါတယ္။ အၿမဲအမွတ္ရေနမွာပါ တို႔ရဲ ႔ျပည္ေထာင္စုေန႔ ကို........

The dance performance held recently is one of my unforgettable memories forever. I was in Shan traditional costume and danced in perfect harmony.

Unity in the dictionary

1.	condition of being one: the state or condition of being one
2.	combination into one: the combining or joining of separate things or entities to form one
3.	something whole: something whole or complete formed by combining or joining separate things or entities
4.	harmony: harmony of opinion, interest, or feeling
5.	singleness among individuals: singleness or constancy among individuals or groups
6.	arts aesthetic arrangement of artistic elements: the arranging of separate components in a literary or artistic work to create an overall aesthetic impression
7.	arts aesthetic impression: the overall aesthetic impression produced by the arrangement of components in an artistic or literary work
8.	theater principle of dramatic structure: one of the three principles of dramatic structure derived from Aristotle's Poetics. These state that the action of a play should be limited to one plot unity of action, one day unity of time, and one location unity of place.
9.	mathematics number one: a number by which a given element of a mathematical system can be multiplied with the result being equal to the value of the given element
10.	mathematics Same as identity element

Quotations about Unity

"All for one, and one for all."

Alexandre Dumas (1802 - 1870)

French novelist and dramatist.

The Three Musketeers

"Talent wins games, but teamwork wins championships."

Attributed to Michael Jordan (1963 - )

U.S. basketball player.

"United we stand, divided we fall."

Anonymous

Proverb.

"The family that prays together stays together."

Anonymous

Proverb.

"In union there is strength."

Anonymous

Proverb.

အားက်ျခင္းႏွင့္ အားမရျခင္း

2008-02-10T02:33:00.000-08:00

ဒီ post ကို မူရင္း နားခိုရာဘေလာ့ http://narkhoyar.blogspot.com/ မွအျပည့္အစံုကူးယူထားပါသည္။

ေစ်းကြက္ဂ်ာနယ္ထဲက ဆရာၾကီး ဦးေအာင္သင္းရဲ႔ ေဆာင္းပါးေလးပါ။ ၾကိဳက္လို႔ ေကာက္ႏုတ္ျပိး တင္ေပးထားပါတယ္။

အဂၤလိပ္စာမွာ အေျခခံအားျဖင့္ မင္းတို႔ ခုေခတ္ ဆယ္တန္းေကာင္ေလးေတြေလာက္သာ တတ္ခဲ့တဲ့ ေအာင္သင္းဟာ ေတာင္တြင္းမွာ အဂၤလိပ္စာ ေလ့လာခဲ့ရပံုကို ေျပာပါဦးမယ္။

ငါက အဂၤလိပ္စာအေျခခံကို ေထာင္ထဲမွာ သင္ခဲ့ရတာပါ။ ဒါ့ေၾကာင့္ အျပင္ကို ေရာက္လာေတာ့ ဒီအခ်ိန္မွာ အထက္တန္းေက်ာင္း အဂၤလိပ္စာ ျပဌာန္းစာအုပ္ကေလးေတြကို တစ္အုပ္မက်န္ ဖတ္ပါတယ္။ မွတ္ပါတယ္။ အဲဒါေလးေတြကို စီရင္တဲ့ ဆရာၾကီးက မိုက္ကယ္၀က္စ္ဆိုတဲ့ ဆရာၾကီးပါ။ သူကပဲ တြဲဖက္ျပီး ဖတ္ၾကဖို႔ ဂႏၱ၀င္ ၀ထၳဳၾကီးေတြကို အလြယ္အက်ဥ္း simplied and abridged ျပန္ေရးျပီး ထုတ္လိုက္ပါေသးတယ္။ သူလြယ္က်ဥ္းလုပ္ထားတဲ့ စာအုပ္ေတြကလဲ ဆာရိုက္ဒါဟတ္ဂတ္တို႔ ဆာေ၀ါလ္တာစေကာ့တို႔ ေရးတဲ့စာအုပ္ေတြ မ်ားတယ္။ ဒီေတာ့ ငါတို႔က ဆရာၾကီး ေရႊဥေဒါင္းရဲ႔ ပရိသတ္မဟုတ္လား။ ရူပနႏၵီ ရူပကလ်ာဏီဆိုတာေတြ၊ ရတနာသိုက္၊ ေစာလမုန္သိုက္ဆိုတာေတြ အသည္းစြဲျဖစ္ေနခဲ့ေတာ့ ဖတ္လို႔ကို မ၀ႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဆရာၾကီးကလဲ မူရင္း အဂၤလိပ္စာရဲ႔ အလွကို ပါႏိုင္သမွ်ပါေအာင္ လုပ္ထားေတာ့ ၀တၳဳ ဇာတ္လမ္း ဇာတ္ေကာင္ကိုသာမကပဲ စာ ကိုပါ စြဲေတာ့တာကိုး။ ဒီေတာ့ စကားအသံုးအႏႈန္း၊ ၀ါက်တည္ေဆာက္ပံုေတြပါ ေခါင္းထဲ စြဲက်န္ရစ္တာေပါ့။

ရန္ကုန္ကုိ တစ္ႏွစ္မွာ ႏွစ္ခါ၊ သံုးခါေလာက္ ဆင္းလာေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ ေရာက္လိုက္ရင္ ပလက္ေဖာင္း စာအုပ္အေဟာင္းဆိုင္ေလးေတြကို ၀င္ျပီးေမႊေလ့ရွိပါတယ္။ အဲဒီတုန္းက စိန္႔ဂြ်န္း၊ စိန္႔ေပါ၊ မက္သဒစ္ စတဲ့ ေက်ာင္းၾကီးေတြက အဂၤလိပ္စာ ျပဌာန္းစာအုပ္ခ်င္း မတူၾကဘူး။ အဲဒီေက်ာင္းသံုး စာအုပ္အေဟာင္းေတြ အလြန္ေပါတာကိုး။ တစ္အုပ္မွ တစ္မတ္၊ ငါးမူးပဲေပးရတာ။ အဲဒါေတြကို ဖတ္စာအစံုလိုက္ ၀ယ္ရင္ေတာင္မွ တစ္ဆယ္၊ ဆယ့္ငါးက်ပ္ မကုန္ဘူး။ အဲဒါေတြကို သိမ္းက်ံဳး ၀ယ္လာျပီး ဖတ္စာ တစ္ကေနျပီး ေလးငါးေျခာက္အုပ္ အကုန္ဖတ္တာပဲ။ သင္ခန္းစာတိုင္းမွာပါတဲ့ ေလ့က်င့္ခန္း၊ ကြက္လပ္ျဖည့္ ဆိုတာေတြ ကိုလဲ စိတ္ထဲမွာ ေျဖၾကည့္လိုက္တာပဲ။

ငါက ကဗ်ာကိုလဲ ၀ါသနာပါေလေတာ့ ဆယ္တန္းမွာ ျပဌာန္းတဲ့ ကဗ်ာစာအုပ္ေတြကို တစ္ပုဒ္မက်န္ အကုန္ဖတ္တယ္။ ဒီတုန္းက အိႏိၵယကထုတ္တဲ့ ကဗ်ာအဖြင့္ စာအုပ္ေတြကို ၀ယ္လို႔ရတယ္။ အဲဒီစာအုပ္ေတြကို ဖတ္ျပီး ကဗ်ာအရသာကို ခံစားရတာေပါ့။ တစ္ခ်ိဳ႔ကဗ်ာေတြကိုဆိုရင္ ၾကိဳက္လြန္းလို႔ ခုထက္တိုင္ ႏႈတ္ငံုရေနပါေသးတယ္။

......

ရန္ကုန္ကို ေရာက္သခိုက္မွာ ရီးဒါးဒိုင္ဂ်က္လို မဂၢဇင္းမ်ိဳးေတြကိုလဲ အေဟာင္းဆိုင္မွာ တစ္အုပ္ တစ္မတ္၊ ငါးမူးနဲ႔ ၀ယ္လာတာေပါ့။ ပါသမွ်ေဆာင္းပါး အကုန္ကိုေတာ့ ဘယ္မွာ ဖတ္တတ္ဦးမွာလဲ။ နားလည္သမွ်ေလးေတြ ေလွ်ာက္ဖတ္ေပါ့။ ..... ဘယ္သူ႔အကူအညီကို အားကိုးရသလဲဆိုေတာ့ အဘိဓာန္ပါပဲ။ ပထမဆံုး စျပီးသံုးခဲ့ရတဲ့ အဘိဓာန္ကေတာ့ ေျပာခဲ့တဲ့ မစၥတာ၀က္စ္ရဲ႔ New Method English Dictionary ပါပဲ။ ေက်ာင္းသားသံုးဆိုေတာ့ သိပ္ျပီး မျပည့္စံုလွဘူး။ ဒီေတာ့ ေအာက္စဖို႔ အဘိဓာန္၊ ခ်ိမ္းဘား အဘိဓာန္ေတြ တက္ကိုင္ရေတာ့တာေပါ့။ အဲဒီ အဘိဓာန္ၾကီးေတြရဲ႔ ဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္ေတြကို ပင္ပင္ပန္းပန္း ဖတ္ခဲ့ရတာ။ ဒီနည္းနဲ႔ပဲ အဂၤလိပ္စာကို ဆည္းပူးခဲ့ရပါတယ္။

မင္းတို႔ကေတာ့ တကယ့္ကို ကြ်မ္းက်င္ၾကပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ ကိုယ့္ကြ်မ္းက်င္မႈကို အသံုးခ်တာမွာေတာ့ ငါတို႔ေခတ္က လူငယ္ေတြရဲ႔ ေျခဖ်ားေတာင္ မမီဘူးလို႔ ရက္ရက္စက္စက္ ေျပာပစ္လိုက္ခ်င္တယ္။ ၀က္ဘ္ဆိုက္တဲ့။ ဘာသံုးသလဲေမးၾကည့္ေတာ့ မ်ားေသာအားျဖင့္ ဂိမ္းတဲ့။ ခ်က္တင္းတဲ့။ ယိမ္းႏြဲ႔ပါးနဲ႔ ငါးခုတ္ေနတဲ့ ေကာင္ေတြလို႔သာ ေျပာလိုက္ခ်င္ေတာ့တယ္။ ယိမ္းႏြဲ႔ပါးဆိုတာ ေမာ္ဒယ္ဂဲလ္ နာမည္မ်ား ထင္ေနၾကဦးမလားမသိဘူး။

ငါ့စကားလံုးေတြ ေျပာေပါက္ ဆိုေပါက္ေတြ ၾကမ္းေနရင္လဲ သည္းခံၾကေပေတာ့ကြာ။ မင္းတို႔ကို ငါတို႔ထက္ ပိုျပီး ထက္ထက္ျမက္ျမက္ ျဖစ္ေစခ်င္လြန္းလို႔ဆိုတာ သေဘာေပါက္ၾကပါေတာ့။

မင္းတို႔မွာ ကြန္ပ်ဴတာရွိေနရင္ ကေလးသုတစြယ္စံု စီဒီေတြ တစ္ပံုၾကီးရွိပါတယ္။ ေစ်းကလည္း ခ်ိဳပါဘိသနဲ႔။ အဲဒီစီဒီ တစ္ခ်ပ္ရွိရင္ ဖတ္ပါေလေရာ့။ ကြန္ပ်ဴတာနဲ႔ ထိုင္မဖတ္ခ်င္ရင္ စာကူးျပီးထုတ္လိုက္ေပါ့။ လက္ဖက္ရည္ဖိုးေလာက္ ကုန္တာပါ။ အဘိဓာန္စာအုပ္တစ္အုပ္ ေဘးမွာခ်ျပီး ဖတ္ၾကည့္ပါလား။ မင္းဟာ ဆယ္တန္းမေအာင္ရင္လဲ အဲဒီအေျခခံေလာက္ ရွိျပီးသားျဖစ္ရင္ ေျခာက္လေလာက္ လုပ္ၾကည့္စမ္းပါ။ မယံုႏိုင္ေလာက္ေအာင္ တိုးတက္လာပါလိမ့္မယ္။ အဂၤလိပ္စာေရာ အသိဥာဏ္၊ အေတြးအေခၚပါ တိုးတက္ လာပါလိမ့္မယ္။ေအး - မင္းက တကယ္တိုးတက္ခ်င္ရင္ေပါ့။

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2008-02-05T23:09:00.000-08:00

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