Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome back to TFB’s Silencer Saturday, brought to you by Yankee Hill Machine, manufacturer of the new Victra 20-gauge shotgun suppressor. This week we have the Liberty Suppressors Infiniti X in hand for a first look. It is a lightweight yet adaptable silencer that covers a lot of bases.

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• Silencer Saturday #447: Thunder Beast Silencer Summit 2026 
• Silencer Saturday #446: Market Trends In A Post-Stamp World
• Silencer Saturday #445: Unregistered Silencers For All?
• Silencer Saturday #444: So What Happens Next With The Big NFA Lawsuit?
• Silencer Saturday #443: An Extra-Unique AR7

Liberty Suppressors has been featured in some prior Silencer Saturday coverage, most notably for their clone of the Israeli Defense Forces 10/22. They reached out to me a while back and offered to send out an Infiniti X for review. That silencer is now here and in my possession (on a Form 4; I am not ready to jump on the 4473 train just yet).

The Infiniti X is an interesting silencer because it is both lightweight and very adaptable across calibers. Those two traits are not often seen together. The silencer body weighs just 7.5 ounces. That weight will increase depending on the mounting system used, and some are definitely heavier than others, but that is very light for a can of this class. Liberty managed to get the weight down by using a titanium monocore for the baffle stack.

Breaking down the Infiniti X is simple. The adapters thread into the back of the silencer in the expected way, but noticeably smoother than some adapters. A lock ring secures the baffle stack into the outer sleeve, which is the serialized component. The front of the baffle stack has crenellations that lock the stack into the outer sleeve.

Liberty’s advertised weight of 7.5 ounces is very unique for a silencer of this type. One of my first priorities was to get it on a scale and see if that was true. In short: yes, it is. This specific can weighs 7.4 ounces according to my trusty kitchen basement scale with no mount. I also threw various mount options on the scale with the silencer body to see what those would weigh.

The wide range of compatible calibers, ranging from .22 LR up to .338 Win Mag, necessitates a wide range of adapters. There are many options, like low-profile and full-size direct thread mounts, and booster assemblies for use on tilting barrel handguns. Liberty offers two package options with various mounts. The complete kit includes 1/2x28 and 5/8x24 fixed barrel and low-profile mounts, as well as a 1/2x28 booster. The base silencer retails for $1070. With the complete kit, it costs $1,266. The master bundle adds a 13.5x1mm LH piston and various tools. It costs $1,731.

While the Infiniti X can work for all sorts of uses, there are still some restrictions. Magnum cartridges are only for use on barrels 22 inches or longer. Standard, non-magnum rifle cartridges like 30-06 and 308 have a minimum length of 18 inches. Small-frame AR cartridges like 5.56 or 6.8 SPC are rated down to 11.5-inch barrels. Subsonic cartridges can go as short as 5 inches, but supersonic versions of .300 or 8.6 Blackout require 8 inches of barrel.

I plan to try this suppressor on as many types of host as I can to see just how adaptable it is. The first two guns that came to mind are at opposite ends of the spectrum. I am working on a review of the Military Armament Corporation MAC-5 with the LMF flashlight handguard. 9mm is one of the primary calibers the Infiniti X was designed to handle, and an MP-5 clone feels like a perfect fit. The Infiniti X is, thankfully, a can with a plain tube exterior. I am so tired of silencers that spend way too much time and energy on having a creative exterior when a plain tube works just as well. And on a classic gun like this, the plain tube looks perfect.

Another gun in the review rotation at the other end of the spectrum is a Geissele GFR Stratomatch in 6mm ARC. Up to now, I have been using the factory muzzle brake. This caused no end of annoyance to my fellow shooters at the local gas gun match, and is obnoxious enough that I could not bring myself to shoot it in a highpower match. Perhaps the Infinity X will be the solution to those concerns. Liberty recommends using the full-size steel fixed barrel adapter for many rifle calibers. The 6mm PPC, 6mm BR, and .243 Winchester are all on that list, so that seems appropriate on the 6mm ARC, too.

SILENCER SHOP –         HANSOHN BROTHERS –         DEADEYE GUNS

MAC TACTICAL

ALL YHM PRODUCTS AT BROWNELLS

DEALERS: If you want your link to buy YHM suppressors included in future Silencer Saturday posts, email:      silencers@thefirearmblog.com

Welcome to TFB Weekly Web Deals 203! Happy Labor Day! We’re back with more deals on guns, gear, ammunition, and accessories from some of our most frequented online retailers like Strike Industries, 5.11 Tactical, Primary Arms, Natchez Shooters Supply, Palmetto State Armory, Brownells, and more. Whether you’re looking for deals on new or used guns, ammo to add to your reserves, or specific accessories like flashlights, range bags, optics, bipods, and magazines, each week we’ll have new sets of deals that might fulfill one of those needs and save you a few dollars.

Deals from Palmetto State Armory

Taurus TX22 TORO 4.6" 22LR 22rd Pistol w/Viridian RFX-11 Red Dot Optic-1-2TX22P141-RFX

Sale Price: $419.99

The Taurus TX22 TORO brings optics-ready performance to an affordable .22LR pistol platform. Featuring a 4.6" barrel with a threaded barrel adapter and a TORO optics-ready slide, this rimfire pistol is built for range days, training, and entry-level competition.

Heritage Rough Rider .22LR Revolver 4.75" 6rd, Black - RR22B4PG

Sale Price: $99.99

For making tin cans dance in the back yard, pinging steel, or controlling pests and varmints around the farm, nothing beats the low-cost, high-adrenaline thrill of a single-action rimfire revolver. The Heritage Rough Rider handguns are built with numerous grip options and feature the same classic profile and precision action as their big-bore counterparts yet come chambered in .22 LR. This one is presented in an all black on black configuration for a great stealth look.

Beretta Model 84 BB 3.8" 13rd .380ACP Pistol, LE Trade In Surplus Used Very Good Condition

Sale Price: $299.99

This specific lot were all ex-Italian Police and since have all gone through and complete inspection at the House of Beretta in Gardone and been proofed, you can easily view the mark(s) on the pistols and all the pistols are in excellent condition.

BB Version: Model 84 have more serrations on the slide as well as white dot and post sights. The guide rod and recoil spring are slightly wider than the precious iterations, and the guide rod has a small “nub”: or bump on the back.

HK Rifle G36 18.1" 22LR 20rd Rifle, Black - 81000994

Sale Price: $299.99

The Heckler & Koch G36 chambered in .22 LR is a semi-automatic rifle designed for recreational shooting and training. Featuring a 18.1" barrel and a lightweight polymer frame, this rifle offers a 20-round magazine capacity, perfect for high-volume shooting. Its black finish ensures a sleek and tactical appearance. The HK G36 is built to replicate the look and feel of its centerfire counterpart, providing users with an authentic experience in a more affordable caliber. The rifle includes a Picatinny rail for mounting optics, as well as adjustable sights for precision aiming. Its lightweight polymer construction ensures easy handling, while the ambidextrous safety and charging handle make it user-friendly for both left- and right-handed shooters. This model is perfect for target practice, plinking, or introducing new shooters to the platform.

Walther Hammerli Force B1 .22 LR 16.1" 10rd Straight Pull Bolt Action Rifle, Black

Sale Price: $299.99

The Walther Hammerli Force B1 in .22 LR is an innovative straight-pull rimfire rifle designed to combine the speed of a semi-automatic-style shooting experience with the precision and control of a manually operated action. Built for target shooting, training, small game hunting, and recreational use, the Force B1 features a unique straight-pull action that allows for fast cycling without breaking shooting position. The black polymer stock incorporates an adjustable comb and recoil pad to provide a custom fit, while the adjustable length of pull from 14.6 to 16.6 inches accommodates a wide range of shooters. At just 5.75 pounds, the rifle remains lightweight and easy to handle, making it an excellent choice for extended range sessions or field use.

Deals At Primary Arms

Geissele Super Combat Sling - 1.50" - Black

Sale Price: $59.99

Geissele has made an All-American combat sling that will withstand any abuse you put it through without restricting your movement or making you uncomfortable. It features a high strength polymer adjusting buckle to make it easy for you to tighten the sling against your chest and switch to a firing position with little to no effort. The super combat sling will withstand work on the field for everyday duty use, hunting, or competitive shooting. The product is made with nylon, polymer, and aluminum as a combination of long-lasting materials to give you the best product on the market.

Primary Arms SLx 1X MicroPrism™ Scope - Green Illuminated ACSS Cyclops Reticle - Gen II - Primary Arms Online Exclusive

Sale Price: $199.99

The SLx® 1x MicroPrism with green illumination is an all-new advanced optical system designed from the ground up in an ultra-compact housing, allowing use of backup iron sights and magnifiers.

The 1x MicroPrism is part of the SLx optics line. SLx optics built the reputation for innovation, reliability, and value. All SLx optics undergo rigorous field-testing during development to best serve you in any environment.

Geissele Automatics Super 42 Braided Buffer Spring and H2 Buffer

Sale Price: $99.99

The Geissele Automatics Super 42 Braided Wire Buffer Spring and Buffer Combo uses a unique three-strand braided buffer spring similar to the legendary German MG42 machine gun. This arrangement allows for better energy absorption and harmonic dampening by allowing the springs to flex separately against each other, increasing the reliability and improving the function of your AR-15. Includes an H2 heavy carbine buffer.

Note: This combo is not suggested for use with 300 Blackout subsonic ammunition.

Holosun 407K X2 BLACKOUT Pistol Red Dot Sight - 6 MOA

Sale Price: $189.99

The Holosun HS407K X2 Blackout mini reflex sight for pistols delivers a compact, purpose built red dot for subcompact carry pistols. The sight uses a crisp 6 MOA dot and a high efficiency LED that can run up to 50,000 hours on a single battery. Lock Mode keeps settings from changing by accident and Shake Awake keeps the dot off while the pistol is still and ready when motion is detected. The housing is 7075 T6 aluminum with a side mounted tray for quick battery access and true closed emitter protection for daily carry.

Geissele Automatics Airborne AR-15 Ambidextrous Charging Handle

Sale Price: $94.99

The Geissele Automatics Airborne AR-15 Charging Handle (ACH) is a fully ambidextrous, dual-levered, gas-busting charging handle developed at the request of an elite military unit known for its expertise in aerial insertions.

Features:

Ambidextrous, dual-levered design

Machined from a solid block of 7075-T6 aluminum

Dual-contoured, checkered lever surface for gloved use

Shortened levers reduce snag points and work well with low-profile optics

Raised rear lip redirects gas from suppressed or short-barreled rifles

Black hardcoat anodized finish

Deals at 5.11

LVC M4 Shorty 18L Rifle Bag

Sale Price: $69.97

The LVC M4 Shorty is the ideal, low-vis solution for transporting up to a 29" rifle. With just the switch of a strap, you can wear it as backpack or a crossbody bag. This pack makes it easy to stay organized, too. Its front compartment features a laser-cut loop panel and internal mesh pocket. There's a top fleece-lined pocket to keep your eye protection secure, or flip the pocket inside out to hold your ID panel/patch. Stay ready and under the radar with the LVC M4 Shorty. Imported.

5.11® Men's Straight Fit Meridian Cargo Pant

Sale Price: $54.49

One-of-a-kind pants to fit your needs. The lightweight construction, knee articulation, and nylon herringbone webbing for the center, back belt loop make for exceptional utility and mobility. Equipped with a comfort stretch waistband, the Meridian Pant is non-restricting and stays fit to you. Loaded with pockets, you will have plenty of space for your gear and anything you might pick up along the way. Zip-secured side vents are built-in to keep you cool and ready for your next outdoor excursion. Imported.

Elements Fleece Hoodie

Sale Price: $54.49

Everyday Comfort. Built to Endure.

5.11 graphic hoodies are designed for everyday performance and all-season comfort. This premium midweight fleece delivers dependable warmth, lasting softness, and a structured feel that holds up to daily wear.

Midweight Fleece Comfort: Delivers warmth without unnecessary bulk.

Soft with Structure: Comfortable feel that maintains its shape.

Everyday Versatility: Designed for wear from start to finish.

Built for Longevity: Holds up through regular use.

MATERIALS: 80% GOTS-certified organic cotton / 20% recycled polyester

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: Made in the USA

RUSH®24 2.0 Backpack Print 37L

Sale Price: $112.50

The RUSH® 24 2.0 Backpack 37L is a versatile and reliable backpack designed for modern adventurers seeking the perfect combination of ample storage, durability, and functionality. Whether in the city or venturing off the grid, this backpack delivers the features and performance required for a wide range of situations. The RUSH® 24 2.0 Backpack has been enhanced with added features, such as a padded laptop sleeve, increased eyewear storage, dual top pockets with internal slip pockets, and a hidden pocket. These improvements make it even more adaptable and convenient for daily use.

Deals at TrueShot Ammo

PMC - Bronze - 7.62x39 - 123 Grain - FMJ - 500 Rounds

Sale Price: $399.00 ($0.80 per)

PMC is a renowned company that specializes in the manufacturing and distribution of high-quality ammunition. With a commitment to excellence, PMC has established itself as a trusted name in the industry. One of their exceptional products is the PMC - Bronze - 7.62x39 - 123 Grain - FMJ ammunition.

Speer LE - Gold Dot - 9mm +P - 124 Grain - JHP - 1000 rounds

Sale Price: $577.00

Speer is a renowned ammunition manufacturer that has been delivering top-quality products to the firearms industry for over 70 years. With a commitment to innovation and excellence, Speer has become a trusted name among law enforcement agencies, competitive shooters, and self-defense enthusiasts.

One of their most popular products is the Speer Gold Dot 9mm +P 124 Grain JHP ammunition. This particular round is designed to provide superior performance and reliable expansion upon impact. The 124-grain jacketed hollow point (JHP) bullet is engineered to deliver controlled expansion and deep penetration, making it an ideal choice for self-defense purposes.

Bundle Deal: POF USA - P-415 EDGE Upper Receiver - 5.56x45mm - 10.5 " Barrel and PMC -223 Rem - 55 Grain - FMJ - 500 Rounds

Sale Price: $1,424.97

Upgrade your firearm with the POF USA P-415 EDGE Upper Receiver, featuring a 10.5 " barrel for superior performance in 5.56x45mm. Paired with 500 rounds of PMC .223 Rem 55 Grain FMJ ammunition, this bundle ensures reliability and precision. Perfect for enthusiasts seeking enhanced accuracy and efficiency in tactical applications.

Photo Of The Day and we go to India to take a closer look at some marketing images of SSS Defence’s M72. Chambered in 5.56×45mm NATO and built around a short-stroke piston architecture, the design distills lessons learned by others and mimics similar systems already in use. In case you don’t remember, SSS Defence is competing in the UK Ministry of Defence’s Project Grayburn program, which we’re watching with interest.

The M72 comes with fully ambidextrous controls, Picatinny and M-LOK rail coverage, and a field-swappable trigger. Engineered in Bharat (that’s India, in other words), and positioned to compete globally against established NATO-caliber designs.

Three barrel lengths exist: 12.5, 13.5, and 14.5 inches. From the data sheet: The 12.5” version is 715mm long and weighs 2.8kg. The 14.5” version weighs 3.0kg.

If the SSS Defence M72 were to become available in a civilian version, would you be interested?

Image source: Vivek Krishnan, CEO of SSS Defence.

Suppressed shooting @ TFB:

• Silencer Saturday #401: RXD Suppressors Hands-On: What Ruger Got Right 
• POTD: Tikka T1x with ASE Utra Suppressor 
• Inside the Hausken HX-Ti³: Europe's New 3D-Printed Suppressor 
• Virginia Backs Away From Punishing Tax On Suppressors 

Why hunt with a suppressor?

Anti-gun activists and anti-hunting advocates are both going to complain about suppressors. Hoplophobes say suppressors are for criminal assassins; the hunting-haters will dream up some sort of unfair advantage for hunters using suppressors that fight the principle of fair chase.

Both those ideas are wrong. The reality is that in some European countries, hunters are actually encouraged to use suppressors, because suppressors make hunting quiet and less likely to disturb the general public. That’s one very obvious advantage that non-hunters can benefit from.

The other most obvious advantage of using a suppressor is that it protects the hunter’s hearing. Yes, we all know you’re supposed to wear ear protection when you’re shooting, but how many hunters actually go afield without earplugs? Some hunters might want to wear hearing protection, but fear they will lose the ability to hear animals moving in the woods. In some scenarios, this could even be a major safety concern. Having a suppressor to reduce your firearm’s sound level means you can protect your hearing safely and still hear what’s going on in the woods around you.

Second, a suppressor adds cost to your hunting setup, obviously. This will be less and less of a concern as suppressor prices drop, but it does mean you’re going to spend more money on hunting, at a time when many hunters are cash-strapped. This cost will add up even more if you need a new rifle, since many hunting rifles are not threaded for mounting a suppressor.

Third, to truly take advantage of a suppressor’s sound-deadening capability, you may also have to use ammunition without the performance you want. This is not to say that, if you screw a suppressor onto the end of a .270, you won’t see reduced noise levels—you will. But if you really want to be stealthy, you’ll want a subsonic load, and many hunters won’t like that idea.

The fourth issue is that suppressors are new and different. This might not matter to some hunters, but others are bound to the traditions of generations in the deer woods. A suppressor will never look right on the end of Grandpa’s old .30-30, and that’s what many hunters are hunting for in the first place—tradition, not performance.

With rifles, there’s good news. While Grandpa’s old Winchester 94 might not be threaded for a suppressor, most of the lever-gun manufacturers have something that will work for you in their 2026 lineup. The new Ruger-built Marlin rifles have several models with threaded muzzles; the same goes for the Smith & Wesson Model 1854 series. Several Rossi R95 models come with threaded barrels, and the same goes for Henry’s lineup. If you’re hunting in a region with straight-wall cartridge laws, a lever-action in something like .44 Magnum might be a great choice.

Savage Arms has carved out a confident following for their Axis series of rifles because of their affordability, reliability, and surprising accuracy as well as how attainable these rifles are. Now, they are adding an even better value proposition into the mix by announcing that they will be threading all of the barrels on Axis rifles moving forward.

Savage Arms @ TFB:

• NEW Savage Arms Model 110 RF -Precision Rimfire taken to Another Level
• Savage Arms Now Shipping 14 Unique Rifles Chambered in 400 Legend
• New Year Inbound, New Drip! Savage Arms A22 Takedown & Model 64
• Savage Arms Releases New A22 Takedown Rimfire Rifle

Savage Arms Threads ALL Axis Rifle Barrels

The new threaded barrel enhancement applies to all four current Axis models. The threaded barrels are compatible with most aftermarket muzzle brakes, suppressors, and other muzzle devices while offering shooters increased customization and performance options.

• AXIS 2
• AXIS 2 PRO
• AXIS 2 XP
• AXIS XP

The Savage Arms Axis line-up has been known for its customization features since the introduction of the AccuFit stock back in 2018. That same recoil pad spacer set-up now allows AXIS 2 users to change between compact and full-size configurations with two simple screws in the recoil pad.

The AXIS 2 model additionally features an ergonomic stock design, a sleek bolt handle, and a reliable action. The AXIS 2 PRO builds on this foundation with additional enhancements like Cerakote finishes and spiral fluting. The AXIS 2 XP models come equipped with factory-mounted and bore-sighted scopes while the AXIS XP provides a balanced combination of performance and value, making it an excellent choice for budget-conscious shooters.

A Word from Savage Arms

“Savage Arms®, an iconic firearm manufacturer, is marking the first major news to the AXIS family since its relaunch in Fall 2024. The latest updates include threaded barrels across the entire Savage AXIS line up, while the AXIS 2 models now offer user-adaptable length of pull.

“Whether you’re hunting, spending time at the range or building a more personalized rifle setup, threaded barrels and stock adjustability add meaningful versatility for shooters,” said RJ Contorno, Senior Product Manager at Savage Arms. “We’re excited to bring that capability to the AXIS platform.”

Final Thoughts

As always, let us know your thoughts about Savage Arms and their newly enhanced Axis rifles with threaded barrels in the Comments below! We always appreciate your feedback and engagement.

Range USA continues to make big moves across the US as they expand their retail store locations and remodel/update all of their current stores at the same time. Most recently, they are celebrating a grand opening in Monroeville, Pennsylvania as well as store updates across the country.

Range USA @ TFB:

• Range USA Hits 50 Stores, With Chester, VA as the Milestone
• Range USA Achieves Record-Breaking Growth in 2025
• Range USA – Growth, Expansion, and Record-Breaking Sales Nationwide

Range USA Grand Opening - Monroeville, PA

The new Monroeville, PA location is going to be 12,000 square feet with retail space and a 14-lane indoor shooting range with 20-yard shooting lanes. Additionally, there will be a dedicated classroom to accommodate up to 20 students.

This new location will employ 30 full- and part-time team members, all trained to assist customers at every experience level. This store location will also offer a lineup of firearm education courses, private lessons, concealed carry certification, and basic handgun instruction.

Doors open at 10am each day during the grand opening celebration, with festivities and special promotions including:

• Free Range USA hats for the first 150 customers each day
• Enter for a chance to win one of following prizes, valued at a total over $4,000:
• (5) Premium Memberships
• (5) Midwest Ammo, 9mm 250 Rounds
• (2) $50 Range USA eGift Cards
• (1) Glock 19 Gen6 MOS
• USCCA rep on-site (August 28th – August 30th)
• Q, LLC rep on-site (August 29th)

A Word from Range USA on their Monroeville, PA Grand Opening

"Range USA, the nation's largest indoor gun range and firearm retailer, is proud to announce the grand opening of its Monroeville, Pa. location. The three-day celebration will take place August 28-30, 2026, welcoming the community to experience the store’s modern retail and range facilities.

“Range USA is incredibly proud to open our new Monroeville store, marking our second location in Pennsylvania and 51st location nationwide,” said Tom Willingham, founder and CEO of Range USA. “We're committed to providing a safe, welcoming environment for everyone who walks through our doors. We look forward to serving this community, and we’re excited to kick it off with the grand opening.”

Range USA Store Updates

Outside of the Range USA Grand Opening happening in Pennsylvania, they have taken customer feedback to slowly update all of their stores for a better shopping experience. This will entail new interactive gun displays for handguns and red dots without waiting for assistance or in line at the gun counter. This will include select models equipped with red dot optics, from manufacturers like Smith & Wesson, Ruger, Springfield Armory, Canik and Taurus.

The redesign also introduces a new long gun display tower featuring the latest shotguns and a variety of bolt-action, semi-automatic and lever-action rifles. The display holds up to 32 firearms, providing an opportunity to better view product options before making a purchase.

Lastly, customers can come to expect a better range check-in area. An added checkout fixture surrounding the range counter provides convenient access to top-selling magazines, cleaning supplies, and other range essentials.

Final Thoughts

There is a lot moving-and-shaking with Range USA. New stores are routinely being announced, and they continue to update their current retail stores as well. Updated signage throughout each location will make it easier for customers to pick up online orders and navigate range check-in and retail checkout.

As always, let us know all of your thoughts about Range USA, their Grand Opening in Pennsylvania, and their store updates in the Comments below! We always appreciate your feedback and engagement.

Kalyani Strategic Systems Ltd. (KSSL), a wholly owned subsidiary of Bharat Forge Limited and FN Herstal have announced a new partnership to explore the manufacture of counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) solutions for the Indian market. The 3 September announcement does not outline what solutions Kalyani and FN may collaborate on but FN Herstal offers a number of platforms ranging from C-UAS Winchester SX4 shotguns to FN's Defender Remote Weapon Station family. The Defender C-UAS system was first demonstrated back in 2022; this system included a scalable signal jammer and a pair of kinetic effectors - a rifle-caliber machine gun and/or a heavy machine gun. Earlier this year FN displayed their C-UAS solutions at a number of major trade shows, emphasising engagement ranges from 20m to 2000m with a range of weapons.

Here's the announcement in full:

Under the MoU, KSSL and FN Herstal will evaluate the establishment of a dedicated production center in India and a Strategic Alliance / Joint Venture covering a range of FN Herstal defence solutions for the Indian market, spanning small arms, integrated weapon systems and counter-unmanned aerial system (C-UAS) solutions. The initiative is aligned with the Government of India’s Make in India policy. It reflects a shared intent to build capability inside the country through local manufacturing, technology cooperation and value creation, strengthening India’s defence industrial base and deepening domestic participation in defence procurement programmes. For the Indian armed forces, this translates into long-term security of supply and greater strategic autonomy in a category of systems that is central to operational readiness.

Mr. Amit Kalyani, Vice Chairman and Joint Managing Director, Bharat Forge Ltd., said: “Kalyani Strategic Systems (KSSL) is proud to partner with FN Herstal to bring world-class technology, products, and manufacturing expertise to India. By combining FN Herstal’s globally respected portfolio and decades of experience with KSSL’s engineering excellence and industrial scale, we are creating a strong platform to deliver advanced defence solutions from India – for India and global markets. Together, we aim to support India’s defence modernisation through locally manufactured, globally leading products while strengthening indigenous capabilities and advancing the vision of Aatmanirbhar Bharat.”

Mr. Julien Compere, Chief Executive Officer, FN Browning Group, said: “India is a strategic partner for FN Herstal, and we are proud to take this important step with Kalyani Strategic Systems. This agreement reflects a shared ambition: to combine FN Herstal’s proven defence solutions, trusted by the world’s most demanding armed forces, with KSSL’s outstanding industrial capabilities to help build long-term sovereign capacity for the Indian Armed Forces. Together, we are committed to supporting the objectives of Make in India through local manufacturing, technology cooperation and the development of advanced defence capabilities, creating lasting value for India, its armed forces and our two companies.”

This isn't the first time Kalyani Strategic Systems has partnered with a foreign defense company; back in 2019, they partnered with Thales for the initial phases of the Indian Army's carbine tender. As the drone threat continues to mature and grow Kalyani's alignment with FN Herstal to provide C-UAS solutions comes as India (and other nations) scramble to effectively counter the treat.

This is a quarterly review, my Q2 installment, and the plan was simple. Mount the can, shoot it hearing safe, and report what happened. What actually happened is that a rifle that ran clean for months went to short-stroking and jamming the moment I threaded the Dead Air can onto it. That is the story of this can, and it is a good one, because the reason it choked the rifle is the same reason you would want to buy it. This review is about how the Sandman X performs on real hosts under real conditions. It is not a lab teardown, and where I do not have a number I am not going to invent one.

Front Line Friday @ TFB:

Catch up on recent installments:

• Off-Duty Carry Considerations
• After-Action Reviews Officers Will Actually Use
• Female Officer Gear and Fit: The Systemic Gap
• De-escalation Training That Actually Transfers
• In-Car First Aid and Trauma Kit Configuration

The Sandman X is Dead Air's flagship .30 caliber suppressor, built to run hard on both semi-autos and precision rifles without punishing you with backpressure. It comes in three mount configurations, and the weight and length change with your choice. The Xeno version weighs 14.5 oz and is 6.4 inches long. The KeyMo comes in at 16.8 oz and 6.9 inches, and the KeyMoGov at 16.9 oz and the same 6.9 inches. Diameter is 1.65 inches across the board.

Those are compact numbers for a can rated to eat magnum pressure. The energy rating is 4,200 ft-lbs and the caliber rating runs up to .300 RUM with a .30 caliber bore, which means one suppressor covers a huge spread of common rifle chamberings. There are no barrel-length restrictions, and it is rated for full-auto. The body is 3D printed from Haynes 282, a high-temperature superalloy, and finished in either black or Flat Dark Earth high-temperature Cerakote.

The KeyMo version I ran weighed under 17 oz, and on a full rifle you honestly forget it is a heavy chunk of superalloy hanging off the muzzle. MSRP runs from $999.00 to $1,149.00 depending on configuration. That is a premium price, and it reflects the superalloy construction, the full-auto rating, and the magnum energy ceiling. This is not a budget can and it does not pretend to be.

I put the Sandman X on two rifles that sit at opposite ends of the .30 caliber world. The first was a Primary Weapons Systems MK111 MOD 1, a gas-driven semi-auto that is normally run with a suppressor from another manufacturer, with the adjustable gas system already tuned for that setup before I ever mounted the Dead Air can. The second was a RISE Armament 1121XR in .308, a gas gun with a relatively light stock that already shoots soft on its own.

I mounted the can using the KeyMo flash hider, which quick-attaches over the muzzle device rather than direct-threading. Firing was a mix of supersonic and subsonic ammo across both guns, including Hornady Match subsonic on the .308, shot at a working pace rather than in sustained full-auto strings. I evaluated it both with and without ear protection to get an honest read on the sound at the ear. Everything factual here comes out of that range time.

Sound and Blast Performance

This is where the Sandman X earns its keep. It deadened the sound of everything I fired, and it was hearing safe on both the MK111 and the .308, with and without ear protection. I ran subsonic ammo with no ear pro and never once felt like I was doing my hearing a disservice.

Supersonic rounds still carry the normal crack of the bullet breaking the sound barrier, and no suppressor is going to erase that; physics does not care what brand of can you bought. I shot a few of those without ear pro too, just to experience it, then put the protection back on after the first handful. It was loud enough andI already have some hearing damage and had no interest in adding to it. The point was not that the can failed. It did not. The muzzle report dropped to a comfortable, controlled level. The crack is just the bullet, not the can.

With subsonic ammo, the tone shifted to something duller and rounder. It was not quiet like a .22LR subsonic through a large-volume can, but it was genuinely comfortable, the kind of report where you could drop varmints (or coyotes) on the property without pulling the neighbors out of their houses. The tone was clean too, with none of the metallic pinging some cans throw back at you. This is not a movie-quiet can that makes a .30 caliber rifle sound like a stapler. It takes a loud rifle and makes it something you can shoot repeatedly, comfortably, and without wrecking your ears.

Here's what caught me off guard. The Sandman X produces so little backpressure that it left the MK111 under-gassed. That rifle had its adjustable gas system dialed in for another manufacturer's suppressor, and the moment I installed the Dead Air can, it went from running clean to short-stroking and jamming. Not once, repeatedly.

The fix was straightforward but worth spelling out. I moved the gas system to setting 1, the most open, highest-gas position on that rifle. After that, I ran 120 rounds through it, and it cycled perfectly reliably with no further stoppages. So the takeaway is not that the can is defective. It is that the low backpressure is a feature, and the can is holding back noticeably more gas than whatever the rifle was previously tuned around. If you own an adjustable-gas rifle already set up for a different suppressor, plan on re-tuning it. If you do not have an adjustable gas system, think harder about your buffer and spring setup before you buy.

For someone used to cans that over-gas a rifle, that lack of backpressure is a real selling point in my book. It keeps gas out of your face and reduces wear on parts. Once the gas was sorted, the payoff was excellent. No gas blowing back at me, no gas-in-the-eyes misery, and clean cycling. On the precision side, there were no unpredictable point-of-impact surprises across the session, which matters as much as the sound when you are shooting for accuracy.

The mount itself is the reason I would recommend this to anyone running more than one host. You thread the KeyMo flash hider onto the muzzle, the can cams down onto it and locks; no shims, no crush washers, no timing games. I pulled it on and off multiple times across the session, and it snugged up tight and consistent every single time. The knurled and ribbed collar gives your hand something to grab, the tolerances feel precise, and there is no slop at the connection.

On the balance question, I expected the added weight to make the light-stocked RISE .308 nose-heavy. It did not. The rifle is already well balanced, and the can is light enough that it did not throw anything off when I shouldered it. The .308 is soft-shooting to begin with, so the recoil reduction with the can on was modest, only a little, but a small improvement on an already-pleasant rifle is pure upside stacked on top of the suppression. On the full semi-auto with a red dot, magnifier, weapon light, and vertical grip, the compact 6.4 to 6.9 inch profile cleared everything and did not crowd the optic. And cleanup after the session was a non-event. Barely any carbon buildup, minimal discoloration, about standard for the cans I have run. The Haynes 282 construction is the longevity story here, built to survive full-auto heat and magnum pressure without eroding on any normal schedule.

The under-gassing issue is the operational detail I would flag hardest for duty use. If a suppressor is going onto a patrol rifle that was zeroed and tuned unsuppressed, or tuned for a different can, you do not want to discover the short-stroking on a call. Confirm cycling and re-zero with the can mounted before it goes into service. The low backpressure that caused the fuss is exactly what you want in a duty context: less gas in the eyes, less fouling, less wear, but only after the host is set up for it. Verify, then trust it.

The ideal buyer wants a single .30 caliber suppressor that can do everything. Rated up to .300 RUM with a 4,200 ft-lb ceiling, it covers the common .30 caliber chamberings and a lot of magnums under one stamp. The KeyMo mount makes it a natural fit for running across multiple rifles, and the full-auto rating means you never think twice about round count or firing schedule.

Some shooters should skip it. A casual shooter who fires a couple hundred rounds a year through one gun is paying for a flagship they will never stress, and lighter-duty cans will serve them for less money. And if you run a fixed-gas semi-auto with no way to open up the gas, go in with your eyes open about the low-backpressure design. For a working property where you drop varmints without ear pro and without irritating the neighbors, this can deliver exactly that.

• If you buy one, re-tune your host before you rely on it. The Sandman X produces so little backpressure that my MK111 short-stroked and jammed until I opened the gas to setting 1, after which 120 rounds ran clean.
• An individual officer or shooter can do this now: confirm cycling and re-zero with the can mounted, and verify the KeyMo lockup seats tight every time you reattach it.
• For FTOs and range supervisors: if this goes onto duty rifles, build the gas-tuning and re-zero check into the issue process so nobody finds the malfunction on a call.
• Budget honestly. MSRP is $999.00 to $1,149.00 by configuration.
• Weigh what you need. Under 17 oz, hearing-safe on supersonic and subsonic, ping-free tone, barely any carbon after the session, and a Haynes 282 build that will outlast the rifle. It is a lot of can. It is more can than a low-volume single-rifle owner needs.

That's Front Line Friday for this week: the Sandman X is a flagship .30 caliber can whose greatest strength, almost no backpressure, is the same thing that will under-gas a rifle tuned for a different suppressor, so plan the re-tune, and you get a hearing-safe, ping-free, superalloy can that outlasts the host.

As the War in Ukraine shifts once again, Russia has moved to a defensive approach to the growing threat posed by unmanned aerial systems (UAS), particularly as drone attacks have increasingly reached targets inside Russian territory. This expanding threat has created a clear need for systems that can detect and counter small, low-flying UAVs while protecting critical infrastructure. In response, Russia has accelerated the development and deployment of several short-range counter-UAS systems.

For the first time, the Rostec holding company Vysokotochnye Kompleksy has supplied the Russian Ministry of Defense with the latest Zubr systems, designed primarily to protect critical infrastructure from drone attacks. The deliveries reportedly started in January of 2026. According to Rostec, the system includes radar stations that can detect both relatively large aerial targets and much smaller objects, including drones.

The Zubr is intended to detect aerial targets, including small UAVs and loitering munitions, day or night. The system independently detects a target, acquires it, and places it under automatic tracking. This reduces the operator's workload and allows the system to respond more quickly to targets that may be difficult to observe visually.

The system consists of four 7.62x54 PKT machine guns combined with a radar station, said to have a detection range of up to approximately 1.5 kilometers. The first Zubr systems have already entered service and are reportedly being used to protect infrastructure facilities. Used with anti-drone duplex or triplex ammunition, this would increase hit probability, as the video released showed a long burst to intercept a test UAV.

The PKT is a tank variant of the Kalashnikov PKM machine gun, while publicly released information has also mentioned the possibility of installing the GShG-7.62, a four-barrel minigun. So far, however, publicly released demonstrations have only shown the PKT configuration. The KBP Instrument Design Bureau developed the automated machine gun system for the quad PKTs.

Rostec has announced the beginning of combat operations for the Zubr Counter Unmanned Aircraft Systems (C-UAS), presenting a layer of protection for critical facilities. The development marks another shift in the war as the tables have turned and the UAV threat has evolved. Low-flying UAVs have become one of the most persistent threats on the battlefield, while long-range air-defense missiles are generally too expensive to use against every small drone, and these smaller threats are very hard to detect. This has created demand for relatively inexpensive, short-range systems that can be deployed around individual facilities.

Following a request from the Russian Ministry of Defense, the Zubr reportedly progressed from an initial development requirement to testing and acceptance comparatively quickly. According to information released by Rostec, the process took approximately a year and a half. By 2024, the system had reportedly undergone testing at the Kapustin Yar proving ground.

The Zubr system can reportedly be assembled on a trailer, on a vehicle, or on a container, increasing its flexibility to add a layer of protection over a high-value target. A fixed industrial facility, military installation, energy site, or other important location may have very different physical layouts and defensive requirements. This gives the system the ability to be fixed or mobile.

The Zubr is designed to detect and automatically track small, low-flying targets under a range of weather conditions. The operator's role is focused primarily on supervising the system, assessing the situation, and authorizing engagement.

At the same time, Rostec has released only limited information about the Zubr's actual capabilities. From what we know, the advertised detection range is 1.5 km; the effective engagement ranges and ammunition capacity are currently unknown. Given the wartime environment, many of these details are unlikely to be disclosed publicly. Actual performance will also depend heavily on how the system is deployed and the types of UAVs it encounters.

This system has a downside. If used in populated areas, anything that goes up must come down. These rounds don’t self-destruct, so they will come down and pose a threat to the local population.

Welcome back to another edition of Concealed Carry Corner. Last week, we took a look at how bigger handguns aren't always better. If you happened to miss that article, be sure to click the link here to check it out. Now this week, I thought it would be appropriate to go over some key maintenance tips that will help you keep your gun in the best shape possible. Over the last week, I’ve had two people have different issues with their guns or gear due to a lack of maintenance, so this is certainly a common issue with the concealed carry community. Let's take a closer look at some key maintenance tips.

Water Is The Enemy

One of the worst things for your carry gun or any type of firearm is prolonged exposure to water. Most guns aren't built to deal with constant exposure to moisture, with the exception of the SIG Sauer MK25, but that's certainly a rarity. While metallurgy and finishes are better than ever, it's still tough to keep things nice when you constantly have water or moisture in your carry gun. Of course, this won't hurt your overall function in most cases, but given enough time, it can damage the overall integrity of your slide or internal parts. I recently looked at a close friend's carry gun and once we took it apart, every single internal part had light surface rust and we were both fairly shocked. I asked him when the last time he cleaned his gun and he responded with a blank stare, which is everything I needed to know.

While a simple cleaning and oil treatment can keep surface rust away, as soon as surface rust appears, your intervals will need a lot more attention since the finish has been weakened by moisture and water exposure. Whether it's a concealed carry pistol or even a rifle, once you get rain or moisture inside the gun, it's very important to wipe it down and reapply oil to the finish in order to combat any potential surface rust. Overall, it takes five minutes and you'll be glad you cleaned your carry gun, even if it's just reapplying oil onto the slide and internals to keep a layer or protection.

Holster Maintenance

My other good friend was recently telling me about how his carry gun holster is missing screws and asking where he should buy new ones. He has been carrying his handgun around with only one screw holding his monoclip onto the holster. He then started telling me how the gun shifts and moves around on him with only one screw, which is certainly a fairly large issue. The best thing you can do to maintain your holster is to clean it every month and inspect the screws. Some like to use a paint pen to mark the screw position so they can immediately see if there's been any movement.

Another thing I typically do with a new holster is take the screws out and apply a bit of Loctite to keep things in place, which will do wonders for stopping screws from backing out. It’s important to use the blue Loctite and NOT the red! You still want to be able to take the screws out without them being permanently fused to the holster.

When it comes to cleaning the holster's internals, it's important to get any debris and material like lint, dust or any sand working its way into corners of the holster, which can cause major issues by scraping and scratching your handguns' finish.

I had this happen with my first carry gun way back when I was carrying an HK USP Compact. I continued to holster the handgun for weeks with material inside the holster without realizing how much damage it was causing to the slide. Polymer holsters aren't the issue when it comes to scratching, but rather the material that gets trapped inside them. Over time, more material builds up and without any cleaning or maintenance, there will be more material to destroy your handgun's finish, which can then lead to surface rust or issues with pitting.

Overall Thoughts

While these two are by far the most important aspects of carry gun maintenance, there's certainly more when it comes to taking care of your self-defense ammunition as well as accessories. If you're interested in looking at part two of this article, be sure to leave your thoughts in the comment section below. If you have questions about carrying concealed or firearms in general, feel free to shoot me a message on Instagram @fridgeoperator. Stay safe out there and we will see you next week for another edition of Concealed Carry Corner.

Zeroed Banshee Suppressed Pistol 9mm, 6.5" Specifications:

• Platform: MkGs
• Caliber: 9x19mm
• Operating System: Radial Delayed Blowback
• Barrel Length: 6.5"
• Barrel Twist: 1:10
• Barrel Contour: MT
• Barrel Material: 4140CM, Nitride
• Muzzle Device: ZEROED 36 Suppressor
• Muzzle Thread: 1/2x28
• Upper Receiver: Mk4 PCC Fixed Ejector, 6061 T6 Aluminum
• Lower Receiver: MkGs Forged 7075 T6 Aluminum
• Hand Guard: 11" M-LOK, 1.72" inner diameter
• Finish: Cerakote
• Charging Handle: CMMG ZEROED Ambi
• Pistol Grip: CMMG ZEROED Pistol Grip
• Buffer Type: Carbine
• Receiver Extension: FASTBACK 6-Position
• Stock/Brace: CMMG RipBrace
• Trigger Type: ZEROED Drop-In Single Stage
• Trigger Guard: Integrated
• Safety Selector: CMMG ZEROED 60/90 Degree Ambi
• Magazine: Glock 33rd
• Weight: 6.3 lbs
• Length: 27 to 29.5"

Suppressor manufacturers have spent years chasing a tradeoff that additive manufacturing is starting to remedy. Typically, shaving weight off a can also leads to a reduction in its sound suppression capabilities. TENET released its smaller and obviously lighter Limited series around solving that problem for hunters willing to run a muzzle brake, and the approach worked well enough to turn heads at Outdoor Life's recent 100-plus suppressor test, where a prototype known informally as the Reserve posted the lowest average sound reading in the field at 8.3 ounces. However, in parallel with that testing cycle, TENET was already moving the Reserve toward production. That work is now shipping, renamed as the VESPER Series, a 3D-printed Grade 5 titanium suppressor line in 6.5mm and .30 caliber options, and intended primarily for backcountry hunters.

More Suppressor News @ TFB:

• Bersa USA Enters Suppressor Market With A Four-Model Lineup 
• TFB Review: Q Honey Badger 5.56 - 1 Year Later 
• Springfield's New Tri-Lug Kuna Offers Quick Suppressor Swaps 

TENET’s New Ultralight VESPER Suppressor Line

TENET Launches VESPER: The Production Evolution of the Reserve Prototype That Set the Benchmark for Sound Suppression

Available August 26, 2026

Dayton, Ohio — TENET today announces the launch of the VESPER Series, an ultralight titanium suppressor engineered for hunters and precision shooters who demand maximum sound suppression without compromising rifle handling. Available beginning August 26, 2026, VESPER represents the production evolution of the prototype many shooters know as the Reserve—the suppressor that recorded the lowest average sound level in Outdoor Life's 100+ suppressor evaluation.

Designed around a simple philosophy—never compromise performance—the VESPER combines class-leading suppression, ultralight weight, and advanced additive manufacturing into a suppressor purpose-built for the backcountry.

"The goal was never to build the lightest suppressor or the quietest suppressor," said Jacob Albaugh, Founder of TENET. "The goal was to build the best hunting suppressor possible. Every engineering decision came back to that question."

Unlike conventionally manufactured suppressors, the VESPER is produced from additive-manufactured Grade 5 titanium, allowing internal geometries impossible to create through traditional machining. The result is exceptional suppression in a package that maintains the balance and handling characteristics hunters rely on in demanding terrain.

Available in 6.5 mm and .30 caliber, both VESPER models feature:

Under 10-ounce carry weight

32 dB sound reduction

Compact 8-inch overall length

Direct-thread mounting

Compatibility with both TENET HORIZON muzzle brake configurations

Made in the USA

The VESPER is protected by seven patents and reflects years of engineering focused on solving a field problem rather than following conventional manufacturing methods.

For hunters covering miles of steep terrain, every ounce matters. For precision shooters, every decibel counts. The VESPER was engineered to deliver both.

Product Availability

The TENET VESPER Series will be available for purchase beginning August 26, 2026, through authorized TENET dealers and on TENET's website.

MSRP: $1,249.99

Models

VESPER 6.5

Caliber: 6.5 mm

Weight: 9.6 oz

Length: 8 in.

VESPER 30

Caliber: .30 caliber

Weight: 9.9 oz

Length: 8 in.

According to Jacob and Mike, the founders of TENET, the VESPER's numbers come from geometry that traditional CNC machining cannot reproduce inside a suppressor tube, which is the entire argument for building it via additive manufacturing in the first place (since they already went the traditional machining route in their prototype testing phase). TENET backs the design with seven patents, a sub-10-ounce carry weight across both the VESPER 6.5 and VESPER 30, and an 8-inch overall length the company says does not change how a hunting rifle balances or carries. Naturally, all TENET suppressors feature direct-thread mounting only for the weight savings. The new VESPER is also compatible with TENET's existing HORIZON 1-port and 2-port brakes, which add roughly 8 dB and 9 dB at the shooter's ear for extra recoil control on top of the suppression numbers. MSRP is $1,249.99, and they are available now through authorized TENET dealers and TENET's own website.

The series launches with three distinct models. The RM1CX Standard is the base configuration, built for everyday carry. The RM1CX Comp adds a compensated slide, which is intended to reduce muzzle rise (shown directly above). The RM1CX Tactical rounds out the lineup with a threaded barrel and taller sights, set up to run with a suppressor or other muzzle device.

All three share the same foundation. That means a hammer forged match barrel, fully ambidextrous controls, an optics-ready slide with an RMR plate included, and Rost Martin's grip texture carried over from the rest of the RM1 family. The compact slide and full-size grip combination is meant to strike a balance between control and a package that's still easy to conceal.

Chris Toomer, CEO of Rost Martin, framed the release as a direct response to the customer base. "We're here for our customers, every step of the way," Toomer said. "The RM1X series is a testament to our ongoing commitment to quality, reliability, and supporting the next generation of gun owners."

California shooters aren't left out of the plan, just not on day one. Rost Martin says California-compliant versions of the RM1CX and RM1CX Comp are coming. The standard capacity versions ship with 17- and 19-round magazines for the Standard, 17- and 24-round magazines for the Tactical, while 10 and 15 round options exist for states with capacity restrictions.

What is the RM1X series going to cost you? (MSRP):

• RM1CX Standard: $469
• RM1CX Comp: $549
• RM1CX Tactical: $549
• RM1CX California Compliant: $549 (coming soon)
• RM1CX Comp California Compliant: $599 (coming soon)

RM1X Series Specifications:

• Length: 7.68"
• Height: 5.1" with flush mag
• Weight: 23oz with flush mag
• Slide: Nitrocarburized steel
• Barrel: 4" hammer forged, 9mm
• Trigger: Double Action Striker (DAS)
• Sights: Rear, black serrated / Front, white dot
• Optics: RMR optics plate included
• Magazines: 17RD/19RD (Standard), 17RD/24RD (Tactical), 10RD (California compliant)

On today's episode of TFB's Behind the Gun Podcast, I'm happy to welcome Evan Murdoch, founder of Murdoch & Co, the only company building a true-to-spec, stamped-receiver semi-auto version of Britain's SA80 service rifle here in the United States. Today we'll dig into how a personal quest to own an SA80 turned into a company, why real Ministry of Defence parts are capping the EM-85's Collector Series at just 100 rifles, and what it takes to fix a design with a notorious early service reputation. Please give a warm welcome to Evan from Murdoch & Co to the show!

More TFB Behind the Gun Podcast Episodes:

• TFB Behind the Gun #228: Harrison w/ Double Tap Coalition 
• TFB Behind the Gun #227: Earle Pope w/ Chestnut Mountain Manufacturing 
• TFB Behind the Gun #226: Jeremy & Drew of One Horse 

TFB Behind the Gun #233: Keeping Britain's Guns Alive in America

In this episode of TFB's Behind the Gun Podcast, I'm happy to welcome Evan Murdoch, founder of Murdoch & Co, the first company producing a fully stamped, one-to-one semi-auto version of Britain's L85/SA80 in the United States. Evan grew up in England wanting to own an SA80 of his own, and when he couldn't buy one, he built one instead, founding Murdoch & Co in 2022 and working with Jonathan Ferguson, Keeper of Firearms and Artillery at the Royal Armouries Museum, to verify the EM-85 against original service rifles.

We dig into the EM-85's use of genuine Ministry of Defence and Enfield-made parts, why that scarcity caps the Collector Series at 100 rifles for $12,000 apiece against a $4,500 base EM85A3, the engineering fixes addressing the SA80's early reliability problems, the A1, A2, and A3 configurations tracing the rifle's real service history, and where Murdoch & Co is headed next with Cadet and Light Support Weapon variants in development.

Murdoch & Co website: https://murdochandco.com

Murdoch & Co on Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/murdochandco

Kimber’s award-winning R7 Mako: the polymer-frame, striker-fired micro-compact with 14 rounds total capacity, and a trigger you have to experience to believe. Feed your appetite for something different at www.R7Mako.com.

VNSH Holsters – www.vnsh.com/behindthegun

A Design Made for Truck’n

The bullpup is a rifle design that needs no introduction. At this point, if an individual has not seen a bullpup, then they grew up on Sentinel Island. With the understanding of what a bullpup is well established, the next rational question is: why was the bullpup created? The idea is to retain barrel length to improve accuracy and ballistic performance in a compact platform. The bullpup was created with vehicle deployment in mind. The combination of confined spaces and practical use clashed in the early years of bullpup development. The first modern design, pioneered by the British Military in the 1940s, was the EM-1. A first step that looked to create a weapon that provided improved balance and reduced size, but maintained the advantages of a longer barrel.

Over time, the bullpup developed a reputation for mushy, heavy triggers, cumbersome handling, and right-hand use only. These qualms were well deserved, and thus the repute of the bullpup remained in place for decades to come. It wasn’t until the war on terror that new innovations would take a bold step forward, moving hand in hand with technological advancements in design, that the bullpup would start to see a resurgence in both technology and application. 

Bullpups of the 21ST Century

Today, with dedicated designs like the Tavor, VHS2 (Hellion), MDRX/WLVRN, AUG, Olcan, and many others, the bullpup has taken on a significantly improved image. Add in the advent of chassis that utilize pre-existing platforms; the bullpup is now gaining favor and a prolonged affectionate gaze of many of us that would not have considered one in the past.

Not all bullpup designs are useful for every role; one must take the overall layout of the weapon and barrel length into consideration. I would argue a more streamlined design coupled with a shorter barrel provides advantageous characteristics for the intended use as a truck gun. A truck gun needs to be very compact for ease of movement while still retaining an ability to have an effective engagement range of at least 100 meters. The platform necessitates the ability to utilize a modern cartridge and must be in a common caliber.

Dedicated Design vs Chassis

Two main categories are being examined for the bullpup truck gun: the dedicated design and the chassis. A dedicated design is the traditional platform we see regularly, while the chassis is just that: a chassis that a regular full weapon will mount into. Both have their benefits and contradictions, but regardless, the bullpup is primed and arguably designed to be a truck gun. The point of this article is not to present which is better, a dedicated design or chassis, but rather to display and discuss options for those seeking to squeeze more performance out of their truckgun.

Dedicated Design

Weapons designed from the ground up to be a bullpup are, from conception, a planned, engineered platform. With any design, there is more room for adaptability and engineering; such a platform, while more expensive and time-consuming, allows engineers to create the desired weapon as they intend. Dedicated designs have the benefit of being organic and can alleviate pre-existing design parameters that can create engineering problems. Dedicated platforms can also allow for a more ergonomic and efficient layout and manual of arms. This can present a lower cost up front to the end user, as the individual using a dedicated design is not relegated to solving issues that may present themselves with a chassis.

Chassis

A chassis is a system that a pre-existing weapon will be retrofitted into, providing the external controls to interface with the weapon and allow for the bullpup configuration to be attained. Like the dedicated design, the chassis provides a full-size rifle the ability to shorten itself considerably by moving the receiver to what would be considered the stock of the weapon behind the individual’s hands. Chassis allow for a proven platform to be retrofitted into a new configuration and also present the individual with the known accuracy and reliability to be retained without having to step up into a new platform.

Bullpup Superiority

There will be many that will most definitely comment below that bullpups are inferior, have terrible triggers, and their manual of arms is less efficient; this is, of course, a matter of opinion. While the triggers of bullpups have been, in the past, less than optimum, bullpup triggers have made significant steps forward, and I commonly argue that American Shooters are the greatest and are weapon snobs; myself included. We in America have had it so good for so long that we expect tier-one level performance at swap meet prices. We want sub-minute angle accuracy with budget ammo, precision barrels and triggers, and the latest technology for 1980s prices. We demand that everything be the latest brand names and the newest hotness from Instagram, YouTube, or what’s in COD. 

While we in the SOF community do not utilize bullpups, that is primarily from the standpoint of standardization and what is issued. Even when a unit can choose, we tend to choose what we know. It is an unfair assessment to say bullpups are not worth using. I would happily have used a bullpup as my duty weapon when I was contracting, conducting mobile protection and operations. To be able to have a higher level of performance while still running a rifle as small or smaller than my 10.5” HK or DD would have been optimum; both of those platforms had their issues as well, and I can say there are several platforms I would have happily run: a dedicated designed rifle or a chassis for my HK, DD, or LWRC.

The bullpup was designed to allow a full-size rifle to be no longer than the torso of an adult male, thus making debarking vehicles, aircraft, or moving in and around urban environments easier and more efficient while not having to sacrifice ballistic performance. The trade-off is design that affects ergonomics and the manual of arms. Let us examine some choices of calibres, barrel lengths, and accessories as to what would provide some excellent performance, all with clearly established parameters as to what we are choosing and why.

Calibers

Choosing the right caliber is as important as the weapon itself. While it may seem common sense in the US to choose 5.56 as our baseline for a truck gun, depending on the conditions, choosing a different caliber and weapon configuration will lead you in a different or less obvious direction. The use of 5.56 is a common-sense approach; I feel it is important to state that pistol calibers are suboptimal for primary weapon systems, while they have their place as a primary. For myself, it plays best when my primary uses the same ammunition and magazine as my secondary, but even then, this application is very limited.

My go-to stems directly from either 5.56 or 7.62x39 for optimising a truck gun’s performance. That said, I do like the performance of 5.45x39, 5.7, and .308. There are a few others we can look to, but my wild card caliber is 9x39. This iconic round may be alien to some of the readers, but this caliber is known for its performance and lethality, stemming from its combat-proven performance over decades of use in the VSS and SR-3 rifles from Russia. Even .308 can prove to be extremely useful out of short barrels. I have seen gelatin tests showing .308 ball ammunition shot from a 9” barrel not overpenetrating 15” of ballistic gel at short CQB ranges. Given the average engagement distance for police in traffic stops is 10’ 70% of the time, with the remaining almost entirely at shorter distances, velocity is not the only consideration for terminal effects on target. Without going down rabbit holes on what calibers, grain weights, and projectile designs, I would prefer to keep this above water and leave the iceberg alone. For myself, based on the experience and data, 5.56 is a go-to for the US market, but I am still a massive advocate for .30 in both ComBlock and NATO chamberings. Choose your caliber and type based on the environment you will have to defend yourself.

Platform

The platform we choose is also significant. A dedicated design will provide some history for your choice of firearm. Depending on the design, I would argue some platforms offer better choices for a truck gun than others. I am a strong advocate for the Hellion rifle, particularly with upgrades from Manticore, BlackTalon, Blk Lbl, and others, but the overall design is a bit bulky for a vehicle-oriented platform. The Tavor X95 is an excellent platform when upgraded, and DesertTech WLVRN/MDRX are also impressive given the options for barrel length and configuration.

The real paradox comes from the chassis platforms. These allow the end user to take a pre-existing firearm and simply drop it into a platform to create something entirely new. The performance of the weapon does not have to be challenged or interrupted, as the precision trigger and barrel harmonics remain unchanged. A quality AR alternative like the Jakl, BRN180, and FM15 can be dropped directly into these chassis systems and allow for optimized performance from well-trusted and pre-existing firearms. For myself, I have a long-standing trust in long-stroke piston systems, given how the Jakl has become a well-proven system over the few years since its release, I can say with confidence that the system is reliable and meets US standards for accuracy. There have been plenty of burn-downs showing how the Jakl performs at a level expected for a military firearm.

Chassis Choices

I have tested two primary platforms for the Jakl as a bullpup and one other platform for AR-15. Starting with the AR-15, the chassis is the Reap Weaponry Scy. The Scy is a chassis machined from Delrin (an industrial-grade polymer) that allows a virtually unchanged AR rifle to be configured into a bullpup. I did, however make a few small changes to ensure a more manageable platform. I changed out the BCG and buffer for a Dead Foot system with their mini buttstock, installed a Devil Dog Hard Charger charging handle and custom cheek rest, and a left-side magazine release. The end result is a full-size AR that is easily maneuverable in a vehicle with the full performance of a 16” barrel. There are a few small quirks with this configuration, but other ARs with side charging will also work well. The trigger is still incredible given the single-stage match trigger. The system is reliable, accurate, and compact.

The next chassis is the new chassis from Black Talon named the Raptor (formerly of SRU); this chassis is very well made and has minimal impact on the weapon installed. The trigger bar, like that of the other chassis in this article, is smooth, light, and crisp. The system ensures a seamless integration and keeps the weapon compact. The integrated optional forward grip is amazing and akin to the MDRX SBR; I highly recommend this option as it provides excellent hand placement while ensuring your support hand will not slide forward and become injured by the muzzle; this becomes more apparent with short-barreled systems. The system is well built but could benefit from a little more metal support; to be fair, there have been no signs of stress that would cause the system to fail, and like all chassis, the entire rifle upper and lower are integrated, so the system is wrapped around a complete firearm. The platform, when configured on a 10.5” Jakl, is as small as an MP5K with the stock collapsed but spewing 5.56. This is a serious tool for its intended purpose.

The next is the A3 Tactical Triad. The Triad is a fully encompassing chassis that envelops the entire firearm and replaces the lower handguard of the Jakl with its own. There are options for the industrial-grade polymer or aluminium for the chassis. The Triad is substantially bigger in terms of integration with the donor weapon, so weight is higher, but the engineering of the Triad is significantly more advanced than that of the Raptor; this is not a detractor against either system. The Triad, like the Raptor, provides a cheek rest for the Picatinny rail section on the upper receiver, but unlike the Raptor, the Triad has a more ergonomic forward selector and comes standard with a flat match trigger for installation while providing a cover for the selector on the donor weapon. The Triad does come at a higher cost, but the end user is receiving a larger footprint in terms of parts and interface. When choosing your platform, ensure it matches the weapon barrel length to ensure proper configuration.

The final chassis tested is a bit of a dark horse and perhaps harder to acquire. I had an AK-47 provided by M13 converted with the use of a Kochevnik clone kit and then refined by Daniel Fisher of Halcyon Defence to create an updated custom version of the famed bullpup from Russia. The system takes a 12.5” AK-47 SBR and converts it into a very viable bullpup system that has the hallmarks of the AK but shifted into a small lethal package. The all-metal design combined with full accessory capability allows the Kochevnik to operate with the best of both: the durability of an AK combined with the legendary 7.62x39 cartridge and compact nature. The Kochevnik is a terrifyingly small effective platform. The platform is tailor-built with vehicles in mind; by use of an inline comp and shorter barrel, the platform optimizes the strengths of the cartridge and its size. The Kochevnik uses a Med-Evil Grip with its forward-swept design providing a more ergonomic grip angle and making greater use of space for rapid, easy magazine swaps. Another bonus is the forward non-reciprocating charging handle reminiscent of the MP5/G3 and the magazine well. Combining these provides a significant step forward in high efficiency of operation. There will be a follow-on article for the Kochevnik later this year.

Summarizing Use

It is important to understand why the bullpup has a distinct advantage over the traditional layout rifles. The bullpup was designed with vehicles and tight spaces in mind; this is a platform configuration intended for compact spaces. The distinctive layout does require some training to acquire the needed muscle memory that comes from drilling with your bullpup. Once a more comfortable manual of arms is developed, the bullpup, like any rifle, becomes second nature to operate.

The ability to have more velocity without having to sacrifice barrel length allows the bullpup to operate in a space between. In the end, it is the ability of the end user to show their ability; the rifle is not inferior, just the level of training of the end user. There are arguments for the manual of arms of the bullpup when compared to a conventional layout, but if lethality and mobility are the needed traits and not split times, the bullpup is the superior platform for a truckgun.

Conclusion

This article is sure to draw heated debate based more on personal feelings than a robust fact-based argument about viability. The bullpup is not intended to be a race gun; it is a combat platform that was, from its inception, a combat rifle. Today, with the advancements in design and the engineering that produces exceptional triggers with highly effective ergonomics, the bullpup can truly be placed into a category that it has long worked toward. The bullpup is a true mobility platform intended for confined spaces and ease of use. The bullpup is the quintessential truck gun and will punch above its weight if the end user takes the time to tame it.

It doesn’t look that light, but at 3.7 kilograms, the SKL ZOV should be one of the lightest rifles in its class. In .308 Winchester or 6.5 Creedmoor, it is advertised to deliver 1-MOA accuracy with an effective range of 800 to 1000 meters depending on caliber and barrel length. Not sure how easy it would be to obtain quality ammunition with those calibers at the moment in Russia.

Specs

When it comes to the Chiappa Rhino, we are not strangers to this radical design. The first major change from traditional revolvers is the fact that the barrel is located at the bottom of the revolver cylinder rather than the top. This allows for recoil impulses to be more into the arm and hand rather than upward, creating a flatter-shooting revolver. The cylinder, which is angular rather than circular, rotates clockwise. The internal hammer allows for a responsible double-action and crisp, clean-breaking single-action, with a small red indicator to show the internal hammer is cocked. My example is the 6” barrel variant chambered in 357 Magnum / 38 Special. The trigger weight of my example is 7.5 lbs for the double action and 4 lbs in single action.

My example came with an adjustable rear sight as well as a very bright fiber optic front sight for a contrast sight picture that's very easy to pick up. One of the biggest differences between the Stormhunter variant and other standard factory options is the white Cerakote battle-worn finish, as well as the word STORMHUNTER engraved onto the side of the barrel. The Stormhunter comes with a set of black walnut grips that offer a very secure purchase on the firearm when holding it. Chiappa also ships the Stormhunter Rhino with 3 moon clips for fast reloading at the range. MSRP on the Stormhunter variant is $1,820.99 and it is currently shipping to stores.

Range Time

Throughout my time with the Chiappa Rhino, I have roughly 475 rounds of ammo through the Stormhunter currently with 200 of those rounds being 357 Magnum. I used Federal American Eagle 158gr JSP 357 Magnum and American Eagle 130 gr 38 Special ammunition. When taking the Stormhunter out to the range for the first time, one of the first things I noticed was how different the recoil impulse was compared to other revolvers on the market. Firing the bottom cylinder really does create more of a straight-back recoil impulse rather than having muzzle rise, especially with magnum rounds.

With the less powerful 38 Special rounds, the Rhino barrel didn’t move at all and felt recoil was almost zero. I certainly still felt the magnum rounds, but the amount of muzzle rise compared to more traditional revolvers was certainly noticeable. The double-action trigger was very smooth and follow-up shots were easy to shoot accurately, with the single-action having no take-up and a clearly defined wall before the trigger broke. The controls are certainly well thought out, with the cylinder release lever being accessible without breaking your grip. Having the moon clips come standard from the factory certainly makes life easier. While some people get riled up about how different this design is compared to traditional revolvers, it's certainly an interesting design that does shoot very differently from other revolvers I’ve spent time with in the past.

Accuracy and Reliability 

When it comes to accuracy, I tested out the Stormhunter Rhino with the same American Eagle 158gr JSP rounds that I shot for the majority of this review. This was a 25-yard distance shooting from a bench rest, single action each time, to take as many variables away as possible. I ended up shooting 4 targets with 5 rounds each for a total of 20 rounds. The average group size of the five groups was 1.35” with the best group being 1.16”. In terms of reliability, this Rhino was 100% reliable with the Federal American Eagle Ammunition. This isn't a massive shock since revolvers are known for their reliability and modern machining processes should produce a high-quality and reliable handgun, which the Chiappa has proven to be.

My Thoughts On This Gun

This is a pretty wild design when it comes to a handgun color and overall feel. The gun functions fantastically, and I can completely understand why the engineers designed this revolver with a lower barrel. I have always been interested in the overall design and although I understand the appeal if you're a Star Wars fan to this handgun, personally the color isn't my favorite, but the fun is fantastic. The finish is well done and they hit the nail on the head with what they are going for, but I just don't personally love how it looks. The fiber optic sights are great and easy to pick up. The trigger really shines and in terms of the overall recoil impulse, it is one of the cooler firing handguns I have used in a long time. While the visual aesthetics aren't my favorite, I personally love how this revolver functions and if someone asks if they should pick one up, I would absolutely say snag it!

Overall Thoughts

In short, I'm really impressed with how this gun shoots and just how user-friendly it is straight out of the box. I can't tell you how many people have asked if they should pick up a Rhino revolver, and I will 100% say yes because it's just an interesting experience that feels different from any other revolver on the market. I would love to try the 44 Magnum big brother because I imagine that it will shoot just as well as this model.

Have you guys ever shot any of the Rhino line of revolvers from Chiappa? If you have any experience with the Chiappa Rhino line of pistols, be sure to leave a comment down below. If you have questions about the Rhino or firearms in general, you can absolutely shoot me a message on Instagram @fridgeoperator. Stay safe out there and we will see you in the next review.

Chris Sprangers, Director of Marketing at CZ-USA, credits the TS 3 ORANGE with refined ergonomics, enhanced optics integration, and elevated performance for modern competitive shooters. What that means is that the TS 3 ORANGE carries a direct-mount optics interface, which lets the system use compatible red dot sights to directly attach to the slide without an adapter plate, and lists RMR, RMSc, DeltaPoint Pro, and Holosun K as supported footprints. I’m missing the Aimpoint A-Cut COA here, but hopefully that will arrive later.

CZ TS 3 ORANGE Specifications:

• Chambering: 9x19mm
• Capacity: 20+1
• Trigger: Single Action Only, approximately 1.3-lb. pull, adjustable take-up and overtravel
• Barrel: Heavy cold hammer forged bull barrel, redesigned crown, mirror-polished nitrided exterior
• Optics interface: Direct-mount, compatible with RMR, RMSc, DeltaPoint Pro, Holosun K footprints
• Frame: All-steel, hand-fitted slide, frame, and barrel
• Grip: G10 panels
• Magazine release: Adjustable, five positioning options

“It feels so good in hand that you’ll want to go straight to the shooting range.” - Eric Grauffel

Springfield Armory is adding three new Model 2020 Waypoint rifles to the lineup, and this time the story is as much about the finish as it is about the mechanics underneath it. All three get a Super Grip SG-100 Cerakote treatment on a bead-blasted carbon fiber stock sourced from AG Composites. The Super-Grip is a non-slip, ceramic finish that adds a rubberized texture to the stock for better handling in the field.

All three SG-100 variants carry the same MSRP of $1,995.

Model 2020 Waypoint SG-100 Specifications:

• Chamberings: .308 Win., 7mm PRC, .300 Win. Mag.
• Barrel length: 20" (.308 Win.), 24" (7mm PRC, .300 Win. Mag.)
• Barrel: Fluted 416 stainless steel, threaded, SA Radial Brake included
• Metal finish: Black H-164 Cerakote
• Stock: Bead blasted carbon fiber, AG Composites, SG-100 Cerakote finish
• Action: Pre-hardened stainless steel, integral recoil lug, EDM cut raceways
• Bolt: Fluted, tool-less disassembly, dual cocking cams
• Accuracy guarantee: .75 MOA for three shots with match grade ammunition

The sight's five-level reticle brightness control, user-defined crosshair patterns, and auto-gating protection against bright source saturation address the specific operational demands of night combat. The integrated IR illuminator means rifle teams don't need separate IR equipment to engage targets in complete darkness, simplifying logistics and keeping soldiers mobile.

The procurement includes a 10-year or 10,000-hour operational lifespan guarantee with decade-long maintenance and training support.

Meanwhile, Indian military observers have noted that allied forces are transitioning toward Generation-4 night vision systems with higher figures of merit, a capability gap that may eventually shape decisions about how Special Forces units get equipped versus standard units.

NW-3000 Night Vision Weapon Sight Specifications:

• Generation-3 Image Intensifier with automatic gain control
• P43 or P45 phosphor
• 10° ± 1° field of view
• 22mm minimum eye relief
• Diopter range: -6D to +2D
• Windage and elevation: ±40 MOA (0.5 MOA per click)
• Reticle brightness: 5-level cyclic control
• Built-in infrared illuminator
• Integrated iron sight
• MIL-STD-1913 Picatinny compatible
• Auto-gating and bright source protection
• JSS-55555 and MIL-STD-810 compliant
• 10-year or 10,000-hour operational lifespan with maintenance support

The rifle itself was designed to echo the smooth action and feel of Smith & Wesson's large-frame revolvers. The flat-face trigger aids consistency, the large loop lever gives you purchase for cycling with gloves, and the side-loading gate keeps the aesthetic uncluttered. The removable magazine tube on the .44 Magnum version simplifies unloading when you need to clear the action fast. An adjustable XS Sights ghost ring rear sight and gold bead front sight come standard, with a Picatinny base for optics mounting should you want it. Both muzzles carry an 11/16-24 thread pattern for suppressor use, a modern touch that lets you run quiet if your platform and regulations allow.

What's on paper:

• Chambering: .44 Magnum or .45-70 Government
• Barrel length: 19.25 inches (.44 Mag), 20 inches (.45-70)
• Capacity: 9+1 (.44 Mag), 6+1 (.45-70)
• Action: Lever-action, smooth
• Trigger: Modern flat-face
• Sights: Adjustable XS Sights ghost ring rear, gold bead front
• Mounting: Picatinny base, drilled and tapped
• Furniture: Walnut stock and fore-end with laser-textured panels
• Finish: Stainless steel Armornite barrel and receiver
• Muzzle threads: 11/16-24 (suppressor compatible)
• Lever: Large loop
• Loading: Side gate
• Engraving: Limited edition eagle and stars, hand-lettered "250th Anniversary" banner
• MSRP: $1,399 (.44 Magnum), $1,499 (.45-70 Government)
• Availability: Smith-Wesson.com, authorized dealers
• Limited production run

When you're shopping for lever guns and split between .44 Magnum and .45-70 Government, does the round count matter more to you than terminal performance, or does the application decide it for you?

Back in May, when NSWC Crane posted the Hypervelocity Improved Capability Assault Rifle (HICAR) solicitation, I closed my article by asking whether any currently available carbine platform was genuinely built to handle sustained fire at 82,000 PSI, or whether every vendor would need a clean-sheet bolt and barrel design to compete? Geissele Automatics has answered, and the answer sits on a product page with a SKU on it. Let’s take a look at their first iteration.

The components doing the heavy lifting are exactly the ones the solicitation punished first. Geissele calls the bolt the BB-62 Reinforced Bolt, describing it as proprietary and built to handle the extreme pressures of evolving ammunition technology. It is paired with what the company lists as an Enhanced BCG for High Pressure Ammunition Applications.

The 11.5-inch cold hammer forged barrel is made from GNB200 barrel steel, which Geissele developed in cooperation with Carpenter Technology and the U.S. Army, specially formulated for high-temperature wear resistance. That barrel steel work predates the HICAR solicitation, having run through a cooperative research agreement that TFB has covered previously.

The rifling is called GZX gain twist. Exactly what’s hidden behind the abbreviation and technology is not disclosed just yet, but expect a progressively changing twist profile. For instance, both Proof and Seekins Precision have similar barrels on the market, and TFB covered Proof’s PXT Barrel Technology in this article.

I think it’s safe to say that this is a rifle barrel with special rifling that twists faster toward the front than the back. The grooves probably have smooth, rounded edges where they meet the ridges, instead of sharp corners. The exponential gain twist starts nearly straight and gradually accelerates, applying most of its rotation near the muzzle, giving a gentler curve than the traditional gain twist.

I would also presume that’s how they get higher velocity, as there would be less obstruction for the bullet in the beginning before forcing it to spin more and more gradually.

The gas system runs Geissele's Phased Array with the Tri-Port system, with gas length listed simply as custom. It doesn’t appear to be adjustable. The buffer assembly is also listed as custom.

The receiver set is the GFR (Geissele Fighting Rifle) ambidextrous billet lower and GFR billet upper with a riveted cam race and fenced bolt catch. Furniture includes a 10.5-inch MK24 rail, an Airborne Charging Handle, an SSF-X trigger, a Magpul CTR stock, and a Geissele A17 grip.

One line in the specification sheet stands out on its own: the Safety Selector is listed with an optional High Speed Selector for anti-drone capabilities. That’s a fancy word for a 45-degree throw selector.

Geissele HICAR performance

On the performance side, Geissele's own product page publishes no velocity or pressure figures. But from Geissele's mid-August (2026) reveal videos, we know the demonstration load drives a 77-grain Sierra MatchKing to roughly 2,700 ft/s from the 11.5-inch barrel, against approximately 2,300 to 2,350 ft/s for the same bullet from the same barrel at conventional pressure. Per that report, Geissele loads the ammunition in-house to a minimum of 82,000 PSI on Federal Peak Alloy steel cases, and Bill Geissele himself puts the specific load shown at over 85,000 PSI (Source).

Personally, I’m interested in how much more recoil the system generates. As a competitor (not a warrior), I’m a rifle gas length type of person, for the smoothest felt recoil. My shorter systems (yes, I have those too) run very hot and are a lot ”bumpier” for follow-up shots, but aren’t even close to these kinds of bullet weights or pressure. In one of the videos, Geissele shoots the system in full-auto and the recoil seems manageable, but we only get to see the back of the shooter and a rainbow of spent brass, not really the rifle itself or how the barrel moves.

Anyway, almost everything in Geissele’s spec maps directly onto the numbers from the solicitation - probably not a coincidence. Crane's requirement calls for an 11- to 12-inch barrel, function with M855A1+ at 82,000 PSI, 1 MOA average mean radius at threshold, and a barrel life floor of 8,000 rounds measured against M855A1+. Geissele's listed rifle hits the barrel length window and the claimed accuracy figure. The company publishes nothing on barrel life, mean rounds between stoppages, submersion, or temperature range.

Ammunition Data from the Geissele video.

Note that HICAR vendors will not get to submit their own ammunition. The live-fire pitch days run September 15 and 16 at Fort Moore's Parks Range on government-furnished M855A1+, not on vendor loads (Source). Manually reloaded ammunition usually meets higher standards than stuff being made in a mass-production line. USSOCOM has not yet published the invited vendor list from the June 29 down-select, and we are about as curious as you are.

Geissele HICAR Specifications (first iteration):

• Caliber: 5.56mm
• Barrel: 11.5", GZX gain twist, cold hammer forged GNB200 artillery barrel steel
• Bolt: BB-62 reinforced bolt for high pressure ammunition applications
• Bolt carrier group: Enhanced BCG for high pressure ammunition applications
• Upper receiver: GFR billet, riveted cam race, fenced bolt catch
• Lower receiver: GFR ambidextrous billet
• Rail: 10.5" MK24, zero laser shift
• Gas block: Antistrike super compact
• Gas port: Geissele Phased Array with Tri-Port system
• Gas length: Custom
• Buffer assembly: Custom
• Buffer tube: Mil-Spec 6-position
• Muzzle device: HUXWRX Flash Hider QD 556, 5/8x24
• Trigger: SSF-X
• Safety: Super Configurable Safety Selector, optional High Speed Selector for anti-drone capabilities
• Charging handle: Airborne Charging Handle (ACH)
• Lower parts kit: Ultra Duty
• Stock: Magpul CTR
• Grip: Geissele A17
• Length collapsed: 28 1/4"
• Length extended: 31 1/2"
• Weight: Approx. 6.6 lbs
• Color: DDC (Desert Dirt Color)
• SKU: 08-891

Comparing the Geissele HICAR against the HICAR thresholds from the solicitation

• Barrel length: 11 to 12 inches required, 11.5 inches listed
• Weight unloaded without suppressor: 8 lbs threshold, 6.5 lbs objective, approx. 6.6 lbs listed
• Overall length: 31 inches threshold, 28 inches objective, 28 1/4" collapsed and 31 1/2" extended listed
• Accuracy: 1 MOA average mean radius threshold, at least 1 MOA claimed in the reveal videos.
• Chamber pressure rating: 82,000 PSI (M855A1+) threshold, in-house demonstration ammunition loaded to a minimum of 82,000 PSI per demonstration video.

For more details, check out the Geissele Hyper-velocity Improved Capability Assault Rifle (HICAR) product page: https://geissele.com/geissele-hicar.html 

For more details about the Hypervelocity Improved Capability Assault Rifle, check the latest amendment to the solicitation on SAM.gov.

All images are from Geissele Automatics.

Trijicon has a way of building what you might call the "desert island" rifle, the kind of rifle equipped with every capability at arm's reach. The rifle looks like a LWRCI IC-DI 14.7", stacked with optics and accessories that will get most people’s attention immediately. At the top of the upper, the Trijicon Credo 1-10x28 sits on a Trijicon Q-LOC mount, offering everything from close-quarters magnification to respectful distance work. The OASYS SkeetIR thermal retails at $14,499.00, and easily becomes the most expensive unit on the setup.

Mounted coaxially is the RMR Type 2, giving you the speed of a red dot without sacrificing the optical pipeline below. The Wilcox Raid Xe laser adds a supreme aiming and illumination device, while the Modlite PLHv2 handles illumination duties. I could be wrong, but the suppressor looks to be from JK Armament.

All that’s left is for you to tell us what you think. Anything you would add or remove?

Image source: Trijicon Inc. on X

The platform is designed around common construction principles. Each model uses premium materials, including Grade 9 titanium, 6AL-4V titanium, Inconel 718, and 17-4 stainless steel in various configurations, finished in High Temperature Cerakote. All four suppressors are user-serviceable and backed by Bersa's Limited Lifetime Warranty.

The B22 modular rimfire suppressor configures tool-free between compact and full-size settings. According to Bersa, it achieves approximately 42 dB of sound reduction in full configuration, reaching roughly 114 dB SPL. The platform is rated for .17 HMR, .22 WMR, 5.7x28, and full-auto with .22 LR.

Bersa B-Series Suppressors Specifications:

• B22: 1/2x28, 6AL-4V titanium and 17-4 stainless, compact 3.41" / 4.5 oz, full-size 5.8" / 6.4 oz, .17 HMR / .22 WMR / 5.7x28 / .22 LR full-auto, MSRP $500
• B9: 1/2x28 with piston included, Grade 9 titanium / 17-4 PH SS / 7075-T6 aluminum, compact 5.8" / 9.2 oz, full-size 8" / 11.3 oz, 9mm / .22 LR / .300 BLK / 350 Legend / .357 Mag / .38 SPL, MSRP $695
• B556: 1/2x28 direct thread and HUB compatible, Inconel 718 and 17-4 stainless, 5.825" / 15.2 oz, 5.56 NATO / .223 Rem / 6mm ARC / .243 Win / 6mm PRC / 6mm Creedmoor, MSRP $820
• B762: 5/8x24 direct thread with integrated muzzle brake and HUB compatible, Inconel 718 and 17-4 H900 stainless, 6.75" / 17.2 oz, 5.56 NATO / .223 Rem / .308 Win / 6mm ARC / 6.5 Creedmoor / .300 PRC / 6.5 PRC / 7mm Mag / .300 Win Mag, MSRP $900

CZ isn't reinventing the wheel with the 612 TAC, and that's probably the point. You already know the 612 platform, so here's what's new: a 6+1 extended tube, an 18-inch chrome-lined barrel with a tactical brake, a telescopic stock, and ghost ring sights baked in. The company also added a vertical pistol grip and receiver-mounted Picatinny rail, plus a 3-position LOP adjustment on the stock. Oh, and the stock folds, except the hinge is not visible in any of the product images provided.

There’s a Picatinny rail for your reflex sights, and it’s possible to co-witness with the integrated ghost rings. For home defense or training, that flexibility is nice to have built-in and I would guess that is how most owners would run it.

The 612 TAC seems to land in the gap between a basic home defense gun and a purpose-built competition or professional shotgun. I’ve been trying to find where it’s manufactured, but I would presume the Republic of Türkiye. I could not find any hint of what kind of pricing it comes with either.

CZ 612 TAC Pump-Action Shotgun Specifications:

• Operating system: Pump-action with dual action bars
• Barrel length: 18 inches, chrome-lined with tactical muzzle brake
• Chamber: 12-gauge, 2.75-inch and 3-inch shells
• Magazine capacity: 6+1 rounds
• Stock: Folding telescopic polymer, 3-position LOP, adjustable cheek rest
• Grip: Polymer pistol grip
• Sights: Receiver-mounted Picatinny rail, integrated ghost ring sights
• Warranty: Lifetime barrel warranty

What do you think about the CZ 612 TAC shotgun?

The system is built on a four-wheel chassis with airless tires and features a protected body designed to resist shrapnel, bullets, and punctures while allowing maneuverability for whatever obstructions the battlefield may have to offer.

The firing module uses a dual turret configuration capable of mounting two assault rifles simultaneously, significantly increasing firepower density during assault and defensive operations against enemy infantry. The turret can be mounted on other wheeled and tracked ground robotic systems as well. I see some similarities with the Ukranian Combat Robot MOROZ that I wrote about back in 2024, which used a 7.62x51mm machine gun - possibly an FN MAG?

Two AKs may seem like a lot of firepower, unless they can carry more than standard magazines; 60 rounds seem like a lot of wheels for almost any task.

Several Ukrainian Defense Forces units are already testing these systems in actual combat conditions. Confirmed cases exist of successful deployment by the Security Service of Ukraine's Special Operations Center "A" against enemy ambushes involving drone-based waiting tactics.

The design choice to use standard Kalashnikov rifles carries practical advantages. Using standard Kalashnikov assault rifles makes it possible to reduce production costs and rapidly scale the deployment of ground robotic systems on the front line. The AKs are the most widely distributed assault rifle system across Ukrainian military inventory, simplifying logistics and ammunition supply chains.

This development arrives within a broader pattern of battlefield mechanization that observers increasingly compare to dystopian military science fiction. Ukraine is shifting battlefield operations toward robotic assault and support missions as systems such as Ratel H, TERMIT, Droid TW 12.7 and KRAMPUS (a mobile robotic flamethrower) increasingly replace soldiers in high-risk frontline tasks.

Ukraine plans to roughly double its procurement of unmanned ground vehicles in 2026, with machines now carrying electronic warfare suites, radar, missiles, and mortars in addition to traditional logistics and demining roles. This trajectory reflects a transition from human-centric to machine-centric combat operations where remotely operated or autonomous systems increasingly occupy positions that historically required soldiers in direct fire.

The Ministry of Defense stated the goal is for robotic systems to assume the most dangerous tasks on the front line, minimizing the presence of infantry in areas of direct fire contact to reduce risks and preserve soldiers' lives. Since the beginning of 2026, ground robotic systems have carried out more than 100,000 missions in place of Ukrainian troops on the front line.

The shift toward machine-operated weapons systems raises questions about the direction of modern warfare, even as the immediate tactical rationale remains straightforward: preserve manpower, reduce casualties, and increase firepower density at the point of contact.

Back in 1984, I remember seeing a movie where humans went back in time to stop military robots run by artificial intelligence and the machines themselves.

Source: Ministry of Defence of Ukraine

The Gen 6 compatibility is the newsworthy bit here, but Roni backs the kit with a full accessory ecosystem. Pic rails, optics mounts, magazine carriers, light mounts, charging handles, slings, even a belt holster. So if you want to build the thing out, the ecosystem already exists. Currently shipping in black and Flat Dark Earth. The weight is 880 grams. 

The base kit runs $289.00 MSRP. Roni Corporation states the chassis is built from polymer and aluminium, so your Glock will feel just like home. Availability is through 1791 Outdoor Lifestyle Group as the master distributor, with physical presence at Sport South and Chattanooga Shooting Supplies.

More details about the Roni system can be found here: https://micro-roni.com/product/micro-roni-gen-4/

I’m probably too traditional for this product. For me, a pistol is a pistol and none of my Glocks will ever ride in a Roni. I understand the improved control and potential for faster target acquisition, but I also own a few PDWs. That doesn’t mean there isn’t a place for this product, but it’s been a while since I saw one in action at the shooting range. 

When I visited Q in Dover New Hampshire, over a year ago, I walked out of there with one quote in my mind that I can still remember. "Nobody really minds what you're up to, as long as you're enjoying yourself," explained Nick Schaefer, an engineer who has played a key role in developing many of Q's products. This mindset affects every aspect of the team's work, ranging from brainstorming designs to assembling custom orders. Q even let me put together a Honey Badger; read that story here.

I have put a year of hard use on a Q Honey Badger 5.56 and still come away with the same feeling and that is that it is as much fun to shoot as any gun I have in my safe and there’s a reason for that. Q has put their “Live Q or Die” philosophy into this rifle, and you can see it in the way they’ve combined top-shelf build quality with some clever engineering to make a sub-5-pounder that is, in many ways, the next step for the PDW. Be it for some serious range work or a bit of plinking, the Honey Badger has a way of putting a smile on your face. I’ve put hundreds of rounds through it now, so here is where I stand after living with it for 12 months.

More Q @TFB 

• Q Let Me Build A Honey Badger in 5.56
• Q Fix Rifle 16" - First 100 Rounds
• Building a Fix with the Men who Designed it
• TFB Preview: Q Honey Badger 5.56 - First 200 Rounds

Specs - Q Honey Badger 5.56

• Caliber: 5.56x45mm NATO
• Barrel Length: 9.69 inches
• Barrel Twist Rate: 1:5
• Overall Length: Approximately 23 inches
• Weight: ~4 lbs 9 oz (4.56 lbs) unloaded
• Action: Semi-automatic, direct impingement
• Gas System: Adjustable gas block
• Magazine Compatibility: Standard AR-15 magazines
• Bolt Carrier Group (BCG): Proprietary two-piece design
• Handguard: Proprietary IMLock rail system with turnbuckle mechanism
• Muzzle Device: Q flash hider (optimized for short 5.56 barrels)
• Stock: Proprietary compact stock
• Suppressor: Optimized for Q Southpaw 5.56 suppressor
• Construction: Machined aluminum upper and lower
• MSRP typically starts in the $3,000+ range

Review - Q Honey Badger 5.56

Put a Q Southpaw on it and it becomes an altogether different kind of fun. The Southpaw does a number on the concussion, which is welcome when you’re in a tight space. Overall, I would highly recommend shooting this rifle only suppressed, and it is designed for that from the guys at Q. Much to my surprise, the rifle is still reliable with a suppressor attached and the gas setting unchanged with a variety of ammunition. This tells me that from the factory, the gas setting is pretty much perfect, and that's a good thing. I say this because while the system is adjustable, it's just an Allen key adjustment with no clicks or preset adjustments, so once you change it, it will be really tough to get it back to the same setting without any trial and error.

As for reliability, I haven’t had a hiccup in over 800-odd rounds and then some over the course of the year, with or without the can on. It chews up all kinds of 5.56 without complaint, which is what you’d expect from Q.

I like the Honey badger in 5.56 even more now than when I first got it. It’s the one I reach for on range days because it’s just a good time. The fit and finish are top-notch, and it looks the part. Sure, it’s $3,000 and up, and with some of the proprietary bits you might have to think twice about certain mods. But for the innovation and the “Q factor” this is, in my opinion, a luxury firearm in the same way a Lexus is the more expensive version of a Toyota. Sure, the Toyota will probably do everything the same as the Lexus to some extent, but some people want the GLX over the Land Cruiser.

The Q Honey Badger 5.56 is what you’d expect from a top-shelf suppressed shorty. It’s as much of a blast to use as it is to look at, with a design that feels like it’s from tomorrow. Sure, there are a few quibbles with the stock and you won’t be winning any long-distance contests, and you will pay for the kind of attention to detail you get with a boutique brand. But in the end, it’s all part of the deal if you’re after what the Honey Badger offers.

If you’re in the market for a 5.56 PDW that’s light, dependable, and a blast to shoot, this is it. It may not be your go-to for everything, but for a day at the range - it’s hard to beat.

Every August, the Navy's Explosive Ordnance Disposal community assembles for King Crab, a multi-day gauntlet that separates the elite from the merely excellent. This year's third iteration brought two-person teams from across the force to a California training site, where they faced a relentless cascade of challenges: underwater demolition tasks, threat assessment scenarios, long-range precision with the Mk 11, close-quarters handgun work, and the inevitable moment when a teammate goes down and the other must execute tactical combat casualty care under pressure. I’d love a shooting range like this, where distant mountains work as the backstop.

I don’t think anyone would deny that rimfire is equally as valuable as a training cartridge as it is as a recreational one. While tracers are primarily designed for military use, most often in automatic guns, they are neither impossible to find nor illegal to purchase in the civilian world. More relevant to this series, I’ve been waiting for a long time to test out Piney Mountain Ammunition Company’s (PMAC) 22LR tracer loads, now sold under the Supernova Brand name. I’ve spent the last month or so testing out this ammunition in a variety of different 22LR firearms, and today I’ll give you my overall impressions of Piney Mountain Supernova 22LR tracers, along with some of my typical range data (velocity and accuracy), to see if this stuff is worth keeping around for some special range sessions.

More Rimfire Report @ TFB:

• The Rimfire Report: The FarrowTech Ruger Mark IV 22R PDW Kit 
• The Rimfire Report: Does Remington’s 22 Viper 36gr Have the Fangs? 
• The Rimfire Report: Is CCI’s Uppercut A Knockout 22LR Cartridge? 

Piney Mountain Ammunition was founded by Cary and Linda George, reportedly after Linda's earlier work at Georgia tracer-maker Southern Ballistic Research left the .22LR tracer problem unsolved and Cary cracked the formulation himself (a detail from a single forum account I couldn't independently confirm), and sometime after the company's post-fire Texas relaunch, that same tracer line began shipping under a second name, Supernova, alongside the original Piney Mountain branding, so this particular ammo is part of a rebrand rather than a reformulation, aimed at wider retail placement rather than any change to the product itself it seems. However, my ammo was likely manufactured in Texas, at PMAC’s Liberty Hill location. They also offer the same green and red tracers in 9mm and .45 ACP.

Official Product Details

Product Link: https://pineymountainammunitionco.com/

Supernova Tracers 22 Long Rifle 40gr LRN Rimfire Ammo - 50 Rounds - The Supernova Green Tracer by Piney Mountain Ammunition stands out, not just in its performance but in its visual appeal. These rounds feature a green or red tracer that illuminates the path of the bullet, making it especially captivating during dusk or dawn shooting sessions. With a non-corrosive formulation, the ammunition promises reliable ignition and a longer shelf life.

Made with quality components, the brass casing ensures consistent chambering, while the 40-grain lead round nose bullet provides accurate ballistics ideal for target shooting or range practice. With a muzzle velocity of 1070 fps and energy of 102 ft lbs, these rounds offer a balanced performance suitable for various applications.

Vibrant red and green offer superior bullet trajectory visibility that can be seen over 100 yards and reportedly up to 300 yards

Ideal for military training exercises, recreational shooting, and improving accuracy

Offers a muzzle velocity of 1070 fps and a muzzle energy of 102 ft. lbs, ensuring consistent performance

I ordered about $500 worth of the ammo (1,000 rounds) from SGAmmo.com in anticipation of the 4th of July, but local burn bans and fire concerns meant that I had to wait a good while to find not just a suitable location, but suitable weather for this particular ammo that would comfortably mitigate the risk of fire and to avoid violating any active burn bans. Even then, I had fire extinguishing equipment on hand just in case, as I would recommend you do if you use this ammo. Even though it seems the charges used in this ammo are minuscule even compared to the tiny tracer charges found in military tracer ammo, they can still set stuff on fire if you aren’t layering in some practical safety measures.

A Dissection Of The Cartridge

Normally I wouldn’t do this part in a standard ammo review. But, being the curious type, I wanted to see how Piney Mountain puts this ammo together. A quick external look will reveal that Piney Mountain, at a minimum, uses CCI brass, but likely an entire CCI Standard Cartridge. Having recently seen CCI’s entire rimfire operation in Lewiston, Idaho, it's no wonder Piney Mountain chose to use CCI Standard as a base for their ammo; it's some of the most consistent and prolific 22LR available in the country.

According to some unverified claims on various forums, Piney Mountain is, in all likelihood, just taking standard off-the-shelf CCI Standard 40gr, pulling and reusing the bullets with primer charges, and then recharging/seating them and then dipping them. Most of the bullets have distinct drag marks on them that often have part of the bullet's lead smeared and stretched over the case mouth, which is a telltale sign to me of a rotary crimper being used by Piney Mountain likely right before they’re dipped in their respective colors but without the final cutting step which would eliminate that tiny bit of overhang that you see on about every other round of ammunition. This one feature, in my opinion, is likely the core and cause of this particular ammo’s touchy reputation with reliability. More on that later.

The bullets are all very dry and appear to be unwaxed and unlubed, which is contrary to most 22LR ammunition. Instead, each round has a small dab of paint in either red or green denoting which color tracer charge is attached to the back of the bullet. The exclusion of any type of lube is likely due to the desire to have the cartridges externally marked with the tracer color being used, similar to how the US Military uses Orange or Red Tips for M62 (7.62x51) and M196 (5.56x45) red tracer cartridges.

Inside our 22LR Supernova cartridges, we find that each of the red- and green-heeled bullets has a small pocket drilled out of the rear of the bullet and filled with the tracer compound. In the case of the red tracers, the charge appears to be made from a similar compound to fireworks, in that it’s a solid powder and could be closely related to the strontium-nitrate (for the red) charge the military uses. Strontium is one of the brighter-burning reds that is used for pyrotechnics, as the magnesium powder makes up a majority of the charge in both colors and is essentially used as “fuel” for the burn since it burns white. When it comes to the green tracers, we see the same uniform magnesium charge in the back, but with a distinct darker core in the very center of the lighter colored charge. This, in all likelihood, is an amorphous boron-based core, which is one of the few ways in pyrotechnic chemistry to get a bright green burn.

Field Testing

Up front, this ammo is neither accurate nor consistent unless your only goal is to have some fun plinking - at least out of any of the guns I’ve shot it through. For velocity and accuracy testing, I used a common plinking candidate, the humble 10/22 sporter as a test platform and got results that give me mixed feelings about the ammo. But I also used about half a dozen other 22LR firearms, including pistols, to give the ammo a fair shake in the reliability department.

Velocity

PMAC says the ammo is metered at typical CCI Standard velocity (1070 fps), but I saw an average of about 1,040 fps instead out of most rifle-length barrels. While the standard deviation wasn’t bad, the fact that we had such a massive extreme spread (combined with the accuracy results) is just one of the reasons that I’d probably only rely on this ammo for plinking, as it did tend to induce failures to cycle/extract and, in other cases, was much louder than expected. The shot record only reads 49 shots because I was forced to exclude one round that read at nearly 5,000 fps for my official metering using the 10/22, an obvious technical error on the Garmin Chronograph’s part.

Practical Accuracy

Accuracy was nothing to write home about. I’m not exactly sure what the problem is with this ammo, but seemingly out of any gun, it’s incredibly inconsistent in its point of impact, with almost none of the guns producing a group that was anywhere close to as accurate (or as close to the point of aim) as plain old CCI Standard. Add this to another one of the reasons why I’d consider this a fun boutique ammo rather than anything for serious training or competition use.

Reliability

Finally, when it comes to reliability, this ammo is some of the worst I’ve ever experienced, at least in terms of actually going bang. A malfunction will occur, even in a freshly cleaned gun, about once or twice every magazine, regardless of the gun it is being shot out of or fed into. The most common problems you’ll run into are feeding and extraction, which get worse as the gun gets dirtier, and this is very dirty ammo since the bullet is completely uncoated where it contacts the barrel, and is also burning a pyrotechnic charge as it travels down the barrel and suppressor, leaving a lot of burnt material in the barrel and any attached accessories. If you do manage to get off a full 25- or even 15-round magazine, consider yourself fortunate.

Thankfully, on the pyrotechnic side of things, the green and red charges both seem to be very reliable in terms of both ignition and burn length, at least when the ammo successfully feeds and fires. So when it does go off, you get a very cool and very crowd-pleasing green or red streak. Both colors burnt bright enough to see even during the day, although you’ll obviously get the maximum effect during your twilight/after dark range sessions. I typically alternate the colors in my mags, which makes for a fun fireworks show at the range. Although Piney Mountain says they won’t reliably function (as in ignite) in very short-barreled guns, I was able to get these to work just fine in a TX22 Compact, which has a 3.6” barrel. Your results will obviously vary depending on your firearm and luck skill check.

Although I’ve shot this ammo through everything from an FRT-equipped Taurus TX22 to some of my fancier Integrally Suppressed Angstdt rimfire rifles, the ammo seems to run best in “known quantity” off-the-shelf 10/22 rifles or similar 22LR sporter rifles like the M&P 15-22 or any of the CMMG 22LR conversions/uppers. The ammo was clearly meant to be plinked with, not to win matches or hunt critters with. The experience is double fun under night vision, although you’ll notice even these pint-sized tracers will leave some (cool) temporary burn in on your tubes when you observe them directly.

Final Thoughts

At $0.60 per round, PMAC Supernova .22LR is bordering on the absurd in terms of price relative to the performance I’ve seen out of it. I really do wish it were more reliable, and perhaps even a bit more powerful than it is. If Piney Mountain were able to get this ammo to run more reliably, perhaps on par with factory-fresh CCI Standard, I think the price would be more palatable. However, to be fair, photos and even video don’t do the experience of shooting the ammo justice; this is something you should, and can, experience for yourself if you have the spare cash to burn on some mindless fun.

As it stands, unless you're dedicated to the bit like I am, $26 a box of 50 is a bridge too far for most people chasing a pyrotechnic experience, especially when actual centerfire tracers can sometimes be found for only 20 cents more and run close to 100% reliable, a metric this .22LR load doesn't touch. About 600 rounds in with another 400 or so squirreled away for a special occasion, I can say it's been money well spent for me: both as material for this piece and as an entertaining break from an often dull corner of the firearms world.

TENETA MITLA-1 Specifications:

• Weight: 365 grams
• Height: 200 mm
• Diameter: 40 mm
• Net deployment: 3.5 × 3.5 meters in 0.2 seconds
• Effective range: Up to 25 meters
• Propulsion: 7.62 mm pyrotechnic cartridge
• Operation: Manual, no external power required
• Deployment: Single-use, disposable
• Temperature performance: Stable operation in heat and cold
• Warranty: One year operational effectiveness

For more details, check: https://teneta-defence.com/ 

The U.S. Army Combat Capabilities Development Command Armaments Center has introduced SixPAC, a polymer and steel ammunition packaging system designed to replace the wood wirebound boxes that have been standard for small-caliber munitions since World War II. The system consists of two lightweight polymer inner containers housed within a steel outer pack, initially developed for 6.8mm cartridges and planned for rollout across legacy small-caliber production lines.

Unfortunately, this Press Release only came with one image of the new SixPAC system, taken by Eric Kowal, U.S. Army, and featured above. However, quite a few more images of the current systems were provided and will be used below.

Below: Image by Marine Corps Lance Cpl. Donovan E. Melendez.

The polymer inner packs are expected to weigh approximately half that of existing steel M2A2 containers. This weight reduction directly impacts soldier loadout capacity, particularly for weight-constrained platforms including watercraft and aircraft, where additional payload affects launch capability and platform agility. The system eliminates the traditional wood outer box, which, according to the Army, required regular remediation, manual assembly, and was subject to mold growth. Another upside is that the removal of chemical wood preservative treatments reduces environmental exposure.

The injection molding process used for polymer inner pack production creates manufacturing redundancy. More than 800 injection molders operate within the United States and are capable of producing these containers. The same production press can switch between different mold configurations for alternate products, eliminating the need for large dedicated fabrication lines or extensive tooling investment. This flexibility lowers barriers to entry for new suppliers and increases competitive manufacturing options.

The polymer formulation remains under active development. Senior Scientific Technical Manager for Packaging Jason Runell stated the material selection emerged from necessity rather than preference, as polymers lack the long-term proven track record in U.S. military service that exists in other nations. The requirement to operate across varied climates and meet performance standards after extended storage drove the material selection. Edward Lucas, mechanical engineer and polymer designer at the center, noted that polymer additives can be modified to optimize impact performance, stiffness, or dimensional stability, with each adjustment creating different performance trade-offs.

Soldier testing occurred throughout 2024 and 2025. Field feedback was characterized as "valuable" and "much of it positive," with service members noting that weight reduction enables increased ammunition carriage, particularly aboard watercraft and aircraft. The Polymer Rectangular Container (PRC), a patent-pending design, is undergoing continued refinement. The Armaments Center plans to share performance requirements, dimensional constraints, and lessons learned with industry partners to support broader development.

U.S. Army SixPAC Small-Caliber Ammunition Packaging System

• Composition: Two lightweight polymer ammunition containers (PACs) within steel outer pack
• Initial application: 6.8mm small caliber ammunition
• Planned deployment: Multiple legacy small-caliber production lines
• Inner pack material: Polymer formulation with additives for impact performance and dimensional stability
• Outer pack material: Steel
• Weight reduction: Inner polymer packs expected to weigh approximately 50 percent of legacy steel M2A2 containers
• Manufacturing process: Injection molding for polymer inner packs
• Supply chain: More than 800 U.S.-based injection molders capable of producing containers
• Production flexibility: Same manufacturing press accommodates multiple mold configurations without dedicated fabrication lines
• Environmental impact: Eliminates chemical wood preservative treatments required for legacy wood boxes
• Testing period: 2024-2025
• Status: Polymer inner pack design undergoing refinement, multiple container designs under evaluation
• Patent status: Polymer Rectangular Container (PRC) design pending patent protection

The receiver is machined from high-tensile steel. The new model features a barrel with a 1:15 twist rate (like other models) with a high-efficiency muzzle brake. The rifle also features a full-length integrated top Picatinny rail for optics mounting. The Adaptive Tactical EX Performance adjustable stock handles length of pull and cheek weld customization. The stock has a "honeycomb" pad design that actively reduces recoil on your shoulder, which is probably a nice thing once you let the fury of the .50 BMG loose. The rifle comes with one Barrett M107A1 10-round magazine and ships in a GPS Tactical Double Rifle Case.

Welcome to TFB Weekly Web Deals 202, brought to you by Strike Industries, manufacturer of innovative, high-performance firearm accessories. We’re back with more deals on guns, gear, ammunition, and accessories from some of our most frequented online retailers like Strike Industries, 5.11 Tactical, Primary Arms, Natchez Shooters Supply, Palmetto State Armory, Brownells, and more. Whether you’re looking for deals on new or used guns, ammo to add to your reserves, or specific accessories like flashlights, range bags, optics, bipods, and magazines, each week we’ll have new sets of deals that might fulfill one of those needs and save you a few dollars.

Strike Industries is a trusted provider of high-performance firearm components and tactical accessories for AR-style platforms, pistols, and other weapon systems. Founded with a mission to bring innovation, reliability, and affordability to firearm enthusiasts, they offer a wide range of products including compensators, muzzle brakes, handguards, magazines, and optics mounts. Their products are engineered with cutting-edge materials and rigorous quality control, trusted by sport shooters, law enforcement, and military professionals around the world.

The Strike Industries Extended Magazine Plate for CZ P-10 was designed to provide smoother magazine reloading through a slow drag / no snag design while maintaining maximum magazine capacity. The Extended Magazine Plate (EMP) adds plus 5 rounds (9mm) for P-10 or plus 4 rounds (.40 Cal) for P-09 to OEM CZ magazines.

Following the success of our EMP systems for pistols, the form factor and unique geometric design gives a unified and aggressive aesthetic look to your CZ P-10. Included is our special steel locking plate, which compared to other magazine extensions on the market, features a hook design which adds extra locking security to increase reliability when fully loaded with rounds. Give your CZ pistol the extra rounds it deserves with the Strike Industries Extended Magazine Plate (EMP) for CZ P-10 (C & F) or P-09.

PACKAGE CONTENTS:

• 1x Extended Magazine Plate for CZ P-10
• 1x Extended length spring
• 1x Steel locking plate
• 1x Steel locking plate set screw
• 1x Hex tool

PRODUCT SPECIFICATIONS:

• Length: 1.66"
• Width: 1.11"
• Height: 1.49"
• Weight: 0.7oz

PRODUCT FEATURES:

• Plus 5 round capacity for 9mm
• Plus 4 round capacity for .40 Cal
• Low drag / no snag design
• Impact resistant polymer

COMPATIBILITY:

• CZ P10 (C & F)
• CZ P09 9mm
• CZ P09 .40 Cal (ONLY W/ ORANGE FOLLOWER)

NOT COMPATIBLE:

• 10-round magazines

Deals at GunMagWarehouse

Fix It Sticks Ratcheting T-Way Wrench

Sale Price: $42.99 w/ free shipping

Make quick work of tightening and loosening stubborn firearm parts with the Fix It Sticks® Ratcheting T-Way Wrench. Constructed of stainless steel with built-in ratcheting action, this convenient tool delivers exceptionally smooth performance, as well as long-lasting durability—even with limited clearance. The small, T-shaped handle offers superior comfort and control, while bit holders on all three ends of the tool readily accept any standard ¼” bit for maximum versatility.

EOTech EXPS2 QD Holographic Weapon Sight

Sale Price: $699.99

Enjoy lightning-fast target acquisition, frustration-free installation/removal, and superior zero retention with the EOTech® EXPS2™ Quick-Detach Holographic Sight from GunMag Warehouse. Featuring an aircraft-aluminum housing with a corrosion-resistant finish, this tactical sight offers unmatched strength and lasting field service in any tactical environment, while the large display window with shatterproof laminate glass lens offers unmatched clarity and protects against scratches, cracks, and breaks due to accidental drops, bumps, and other damages while on the move or in the field. The built-in quick-release mounting platform offers quick, frustration-free installation and locks in place for improved stability in fast-action tactical environments. The illuminated reticle offers intuitive target acquisition, while 20 user-selectable daylight brightness settings with simple push-button controls offer improved clarity and reliable field performance in any lighting condition. Better yet, this 100% American-made holographic weapon sight offers up to 600-1,000 hours of battery life on the lowest setting on a single CR123 battery (included) and is completely submersible in water up to 10’ deep for exceptional reliability in marine environments. Made in USA.

CCI Standard Velocity .22 LR Ammo 40gr LRN 50 Rounds

Sale Price: $3.99

CCI®.22 LR Standard Velocity 40gr LRN ammunition is a low-cost, high-performance target and training round, specifically engineered to deliver hard-hitting accuracy and consistent field performance at an affordable price. This reliable rimfire target ammo features clean-burning powders, non-corrosive primers, and quality 40-grain Lead Round Nose (LRN) bullets, loaded in premium brass casings for smooth operation and lightning-fast loading and unloading.

Federal Syntech 9mm Luger Ammo 124gr TSJFN 50 Rounds

Sale Price: $17.99

Federal® American Eagle™ Syntech® 9mm 124gr TSJFN ammunition is an ultrareliable target and training round, designed to deliver superior accuracy and consistent performance at a budget-friendly price. Featuring an advanced polymer jacket, designed to eliminate lead and copper fouling, while the proprietary, lead-free Catalyst™ primer provides consistent reliable ignition for enhanced reliability under stress. Better yet, this ammo comes loaded in premium, reloadable brass casings for ultra-smooth operation in any environment.

Hornady American Gunner 9mm Luger +P Ammo 124gr XTP Hollow Point 25 Rounds

Sale Price: $19.99

Hornady® American Gunner™ 9mm Luger +P 124gr XTP® Hollow Point ammunition is a cost-effective personal defense round, optimized to deliver devastating expansion and impeccable accuracy at an affordable price. Better yet, this pistol ammo features clean-burning powders and non-corrosive boxer primers, loaded in premium brass casings for unmatched reliability and consistent velocities in any semi-auto pistol or PCC rated for +P 9mm ammunition. What are you waiting for? Stock up and order today!

Deals at Palmetto State Armory

Vortex Defender-ST Micro 6 MOA Red Dot Sight, Black - DFST-MRD6

Sale Price: $299.99

The Vortex Defender-ST Micro is a high-performance red dot sight designed for rapid target acquisition and precision shooting. With its 1x magnification and parallax-free design, you can trust this sight for accuracy in any shooting scenario. The 6 MOA Defender Dot reticle provides a clear and crisp aiming point, while the 1 MOA adjustment graduation allows for precise zeroing. With a maximum windage adjustment of 145 MOA and a maximum elevation adjustment of 115 MOA, this sight offers exceptional versatility. Weighing just 1.48 oz. and measuring 1.83" in length, the Vortex Defender-ST Micro is lightweight and compact, making it the perfect choice for your firearm. Equipped with a red dot color and a DeltaPoint® Pro mounting footprint, this sight ensures optimal performance and compatibility.

Vortex Viper Shotgun Enclosed Red Dot 3 MOA, Original Bottomland - VPR-SGMRD3-E-OBL

Sale Price: $329.99

Purpose-built for the fast pace of turkey hunting and wingshooting, the Viper® Shotgun Enclosed Micro Red Dot delivers an ultra-low-profile design and wide field of view for intuitive shooting and superior recoil control. Its enclosed design and integrated universal mount ensures seamless operation and maximum protection against the elements.

Glock 48 MOS 4.17" 9mm OR 15rd Pistol - PA4850203FRMOS

Sale Price: $484.99

Chambered in 9x19 the G48 MOS features slide cuts designed for specific micro-optics and the GLOCK Slim Mounting Rail for mounting accessories. The perfect tactical partner with increased concealability.

The G48 MOS is of similar length and height as the compact size G19 but has the well-known GLOCK Slimline design with the reduced width of the pistol for perfect carrying comfort.

The frame features the GLOCK Slim Mounting Rail for mounting tactical accessories and incorporates elements of the Slimline series such the short trigger distance, a frame with a built-in beavertail, a reversible magazine catch and the incredibly accurate, match-grade GLOCK Marksman Barrel (GMB) of the Gen5 series. The G48 Rail also features precision-milled front serrations.

The slim magazine is built in reliable GLOCK style, it has an orange magazine follower for higher visibility.

LE Trade in Glock 17 Gen 3 4.49" 9mm 17rd Pistol, Black - GLOGUPI17502GEN3

Sale Price: $379.99

Glock pistols have been the top choice of law enforcement agencies for over 30 years. The G17 features a full-sized frame and barrel length allowing for maximum control and comfort in a duty-grade platform. The Gen3 series includes a new updated grip texture over the Gen2 model along with finger grooves on the grip for improved ergonomics and enjoys a massive share of aftermarket support for a wide degree of customizaiton.

PLEASE NOTE: As this is a law enforcement trade-in, expect to see some finish rub and holster wear, but performance is assured.

5.11 Tactical Double AR Bungee/Cover Pouch, Black - 56157-019

Sale Price: $29.99

The AR Double Bungee Cover Pouch provides convenient storage and quick access for two 5.56 magazines. Compatible with both 5.11 SlickStick® and MOLLE web platforms, this lightweight and durable pouch is a reliable addition to any tactical gear collection, offering enhanced storage space and secure accessibility for your magazines.

Deals at TrueShot Ammo

RANGE BUNDLE: 200 Rounds of Maxxtech 9mm - 115 Grain and 200 Rounds of Fiocchi 223 - 55 Grain

Sale Price: $145.00

Stock up for your next range day with the MaxxTech 9mm and Fiocchi .223 Remington Range Bundle. This convenient ammunition package includes 400 total rounds of two of the most popular calibers for recreational shooting and training: 200 rounds of MaxxTech 9mm 115 Grain ammunition and 200 rounds of Fiocchi .223 Remington 55 Grain ammunition.

Whether you're bringing your handgun and AR-15 to the range or simply looking to replenish your ammo supply, this bundle makes it easy to stock up on both calibers in one purchase.

BUNDLE DEAL: Streamlight ProTac Rifle Light and 200 Rounds of Ammo

Sale Price: $217.69

STREAMLIGHT, PMC is a leading innovator in the tactical lighting and ammunition industry, renowned for its commitment to quality, performance, and reliability. With a focus on enhancing the capabilities of law enforcement, military personnel, and outdoor enthusiasts, STREAMLIGHT, PMC consistently delivers cutting-edge solutions that meet the rigorous demands of its diverse clientele.

BUNDLE DEAL: Surefire M640DFT-PRO Turbo Rifle Light and 200 Rounds of Ammo

Sale Price: $410.74

Surefire, PMC is a leading provider of high-quality tactical equipment and ammunition, dedicated to enhancing the safety and performance of law enforcement, military, and outdoor enthusiasts. Our flagship product, the BUNDLE DEAL: Surefire M640DFT-PRO Turbo Rifle Light and 200 Rounds of Ammo, is a testament to our commitment to innovation and excellence. The M640DFT-PRO Turbo Rifle Light is a state-of-the-art lighting solution, designed to provide superior illumination in the most challenging environments. It is paired with 200 rounds of our top-tier ammunition, ensuring reliable performance and precision. At Surefire, PMC, we understand the critical role that reliable equipment plays in the success of every mission. That's why we are committed to delivering products that exceed the highest standards of quality, reliability, and performance. Whether you're a professional in the field or an outdoor enthusiast, you can trust Surefire, PMC to provide the tactical equipment and ammunition you need to succeed.

BUNDLE DEAL: Black Surefire X300T-A Pistol Flashlight and 500 Rounds of Ammo

Sale Price: $424.20

Surefire, Maxxtech, Magtech, and CCI are renowned names in the firearms industry, each bringing a unique blend of innovation, quality, and performance to the table. Surefire is a leading manufacturer of high-performance flashlights, weapon-mounted lights, and other tactical equipment. Maxxtech is known for its reliable and affordable ammunition, while Magtech has been a global leader in ammunition production since 1926. CCI, or Cascade Cartridges Inc., is an American manufacturer of rimfire ammunition, centerfire handgun ammunition, and primers for reloaders and industrial power loads. Together, these companies offer a comprehensive range of products for shooting enthusiasts, law enforcement, and military personnel. Their latest bundle deal includes the Black Surefirex300T-A Pistol Flashlight, a high-intensity LED weapon light, and 500 rounds of ammo from either Maxxtech, Magtech, or CCI. This package provides an excellent balance of high-quality lighting equipment and reliable ammunition, ensuring superior performance in any tactical situation.

BUNDLE DEAL: Wolf Grey Blue Force Gear Vickers QD Rifle Sling and 200 Rounds of Ammo

Sale Price: $185.15

Blue Force Gear, PMC is a leading innovator in the tactical gear industry, renowned for its commitment to quality, durability, and functionality. Founded with a mission to enhance the capabilities of military, law enforcement, and civilian users, the company has consistently set the standard for excellence in tactical equipment. Blue Force Gear's product line is characterized by its lightweight, high-performance designs that prioritize user comfort and operational efficiency.

One of the standout offerings from Blue Force Gear is the BUNDLE DEAL: Wolf Grey Blue Force Gear Vickers QD Rifle Sling and 200 Rounds of Ammo. This package exemplifies the company's dedication to providing comprehensive solutions for tactical needs. The Vickers QD Rifle Sling, crafted in a sleek Wolf Grey, is engineered for quick adjustments and reliable performance in the field, ensuring that users can maintain optimal readiness and maneuverability. Paired with 200 rounds of premium ammunition, this bundle offers a complete package for those seeking to enhance their shooting experience.

Deals at 5.11 Tactical

Special Edition Pocket Tee

Sale Price: $24.49

Built with our high-quality cotton/poly blend, the Special Edition Pocket Tee offers a patch-ready loop chest pocket. More than simple decoration the chest pocket ads another later of functionality to an everyday basic tee. Wear it with a positive can-do attitude and your favorite 5.11 patch, available separately.

5.11® Men's Straight Fit Defender-Flex Light Pant

Sale Price: $54.49

Lightweight Pants. Everyday Ready.

The Defender-Flex Light Pant delivers a clean straight fit with lightweight durability built for everyday wear. Constructed from breathable stretch plain weave, it balances mobility, comfort, and dependable performance through long days on the move. With thoughtful pocketing and stretch where it matters most, it’s a versatile pant designed to adapt to work, travel, and everything in between.

Lightweight Stretch Fabric – Durable polyester-elastane plain weave provides flexibility and breathable comfort throughout the day.

Enhanced Stretch Construction – Stretch waistband and pocket bags move naturally with your body for improved comfort and durability.

Expanded Utility Storage – Eight-pocket layout with utility drop and back yoke pockets keeps essentials organized and accessible.

MATERIALS: Body: 87% polyester / 13% elastane plain weave with moisture-wicking and odor-control properties

COUNTRY OF ORIGIN: Imported

Hike Amp Short 2.0

Sale Price: $39.49

Re-experience your favorite trails in the Hike Amp Short 2.0. This hardcore hiking short is constructed from a lightweight yet rugged blend of cotton, nylon and elastane and has been peached for softness. Quick-dry properties continuously dispatch heat and perspiration throughout the day. The short's stretch fabric and running gusset makes it easy to scramble, jump and climb over obstacles. An elastic waistband with external drawcord provides a comfortable fit. Front hand pockets and a back pocket provide carry options. Store your keys and other can't-lose essentials in the zip-secured thigh pocket.

Murdoc Jacket

Sale Price: $69.49

The Murdoc Jacket strikes a unique balance between the style of a casual jacket, the design of a tanker jacket, and the utility of a work jacket. While we lined it with some cool patterns, don’t let that make you think this won’t be as cozy, comfortable, and warm as a blanket. The ribbed collar, waistband, and cuffs cap off the classic look, as does the selection of timeless colors. Looks just as good in the cockpit as it would a night on the town.

Good afternoon, everyone, and welcome back to TFB’s Silencer Saturday, brought to you by Yankee Hill Machine, manufacturer of the new Victra 20-gauge shotgun suppressor. 2026 has flown by, and it is once again time to look at some data from the Thunder Beast Silencer Summit. This is an event where manufacturers decibel-test their products in the same place on the same equipment, so the data is as comparable as can be. Let’s go through the results and see what happened this year.

Silencer Saturday @ TFB:

• Silencer Saturday #446: Market Trends In A Post-Stamp World
• Silencer Saturday #445: Unregistered Silencers For All?
• Silencer Saturday #444: So What Happens Next With The Big NFA Lawsuit?
• Silencer Saturday #443: An Extra-Unique AR7
• Silencer Saturday #442: An ATF Numbers Update

Sound testing for silencers is a tricky game. Decibels, the unit used to measure sound, are not the most comprehensible unit. They also do not align perfectly with perceived sound levels. On top of the issues with decibels as a measurement, some silencer testing has been, at best, questionable, and at worst, deceptive. Not all sound meters are up to the task of measuring sound impulses as fast as those produced by gunshots, and there are a variety of ways to mess up the test setup.

Thunder Beast Arms Corp (TBAC) has a simple solution to some of those issues. Bring any manufacturer who wants to participate together and let them test their cans on the same test setup under the same conditions. The test gun sits in a fixture, which also holds the microphones for muzzle measurements.

Participation is high, and with 275 suppressors tested during the event, it was not possible to get them all done in one day. This year’s summit lasted five days. That is a lot of testing and data. Here are some interesting takeaways.

New Market Entrants

The silencer market is expanding rapidly, with many companies both old and new rushing to meet the demand caused by free tax stamps. And the complicated but promising court order that has some dealers transferring cans on just a 4473 seems likely to speed that trend further, especially if the ambiguities in that order are resolved.

This trend is clear in the list of participants, which includes many names that are totally new, as well as companies that have added silencers to their lineups. EOTech is the most prominent of these, having debuted their DCBL series of silencers at SHOT 2026. Both their 5.56 and .30 caliber options ranked in the middle of the pack for each host gun.

Ambient Arms, which also debuted at SHOT 2026, had their Exo Ti silencer tested at the Summit. That suppressor uses an interesting air-cooling system to draw air through the silencer to cool it more rapidly. The dB scores were good, but that showed that the cooling system does not have an adverse impact on suppression

Newer market segments also showed up in the data. .223 and .30-caliber silencers have always been the two most common, but there is some real action in the 6mm category. There were ten silencers in this bracket. The popularity of certain 6mm cartridges in PRS competition, as well as the popularity of the 6mm ARC, explain some of that popularity.

Size Matters

The data for each silencer is not limited to sound performance. Both the length and diameter are also included, as well as a calculated volume based on those measurements. That volume does not account for the internal space taken up by baffles, but it does provide a rough approximation of how much internal space is available for gas expansion. Large silencers are usually quieter than small ones simply because there is more volume to work with.

What is interesting in the results table is where the volume measurement does not line up with the performance number. The Wraith Metal Works Sentinel Socom-MK2 had the second-best average dB rating for silencers tested on the 5.56 host gun. It also had one of the largest internal volumes at 22.13 cubic inches. The Airlock Zero Gravity Nano, a silencer I’ve never heard of, was in the top half with a volume of only 5.83 cubic inches. That is a tiny little 3D-printed titanium can primarily for hunting rifles. At under four ounces, that is a lot of suppression in a small package.

Volume is obviously not the entire story, but it is a good way to look at efficiency. If two silencers are the same size but one is much quieter, it is doing something more efficiently with that internal space. If two silencers are very different in volume but put up similar numbers, the smaller one is probably a more advanced design rather than a stack of traditional baffles. But that design and manufacturing work is generally more expensive, and it can make enough of an impact to price some buyers out of those options.

Newer Isn’t Always “Better”

One of the most interesting sets of data is the results for the Surefire rifle cans. The RC-2 is a legendary design. It has an unmatched reputation for durability, though it is now a dated design. The new Surefire RC-4 is a vented design with reduced backpressure. In this testing, the RC-2 outperformed the RC-4 in sound reduction by a fair margin. If you prioritize sound suppression, the RC-2 is probably the better choice. But if you accept some additional noise but want to cut down on backpressure, the RC-4 may still be the better choice.

While decibel testing will always be hampered by the nature of decibels as a measurement unit, having a lot of testing using the same setup does provide a useful set of facts. One data point that would be a great addition to this test would be an indication of whether each silencer is a traditional or low backpressure/vented model. Those boundary lines are not always clear, but this would play a similar role to the volume measurement. Knowing that a silencer is vented out the front can help, but its performance in context. Thanks for joining us, we will see you back here next week.

SILENCER SHOP –    HANSOHN BROTHERS –    DEADEYE GUNS

MAC TACTICAL

ALL YHM PRODUCTS AT BROWNELLS

DEALERS: If you want your link to buy YHM suppressors included in future Silencer Saturday posts, email:   silencers@thefirearmblog.com

The M14 rifle holds a significant place in the history of American military firearms, serving as a bridge between the battle rifles of World War II and the US’ military’s modern assault rifles. Developed in the post-World War II era, the M14 was the standard-issue rifle for the U.S. military during the early stages of the Vietnam War. Despite its relatively short service life (though it has soldiered on in niche roles), the M14 is like that crazy ex-girlfriend that somehow keeps coming back when you least expect it. This year marks the M14’s 72nd birthday and the 52nd anniversary of its civilian variant, the M1A produced by Springfield Armory. And with the recent new that the CMP would be making surplus M14s available, I thought this would be a good time to look back at the history and development of one of my favorite battle rifles of all time.

More M14 content @ TFB

• Springfield Armory Debuts Limited-Edition M1A 50th Anniversary Rifle
• Bullpup M14: "M4 Size, M14 power"
• CMP Announces M14 Prices
• Springfield M1A Tanker vs. Aero M5 AR-10: DMR Showdown
• Fulton Armory Announces Black Hawk DMR M-14

To fully examine the M14, we have to first have to look at its daddy, the M1 Garand. The M1 Garand rifle, developed by Canadian-American engineer John C. Garand, was the standard-issue semi-automatic rifle for the United States Armed Forces during World War II and the Korean War. Its development began in the late 1920s, with the U.S. Army seeking a reliable semi-automatic replacement for bolt-action rifles. After extensive testing and revisions, the M1 Garand was officially adopted in 1936, becoming the first standard-issue semi-automatic rifle in military history.

Its design, featuring an eight-round en-bloc clip and gas-operated mechanism, allowed for faster and more efficient firing compared to previous bolt-action rifles. The M1 Garand earned a reputation for reliability, accuracy, and durability, playing a crucial role in the success of American forces during World War II. General George S. Patton famously called it "the greatest battle implement ever devised,". However, the experiences of World War II and the Korean War highlighted the need for a more versatile firearm, one that could serve multiple roles on the battlefield.

One of the main criticisms of the M1 Garand was its eight-round en-bloc clip, which limited its firepower compared to the magazine-fed rifles used by other nations, like the Soviet SVT-40 or the German StG 44. The M1 also lacked a fully automatic capability, something that was becoming increasingly desirable in a world where automatic and select-fire rifles were becoming the norm. The post-war era saw the U.S. military looking for a new rifle that could replace not only the M1 Garand but also the M1 Carbine, the M1918 Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), and the Thompson submachine gun.

Development of the M14

The development of the M14 began with the search for a weapon that could fulfil multiple roles: as a standard battle rifle, a light machine gun, and a replacement for several existing firearms. This led to the concept of a "universal rifle," which would be capable of firing in both semi-automatic and fully-automatic modes. The U.S. Army Ordnance Department initiated several programs and trials in the late 1940s and early 1950s to explore various designs.

One of the primary contenders was the T20 series of rifles, which were essentially modified versions of the M1 Garand with a 20-round detachable box magazine and selective-fire capability. These prototypes showed promise, but issues such as excessive recoil and reliability problems in fully-automatic mode persisted. Concurrently, the U.S. was also exploring the development of new ammunition. The .30-06 Springfield cartridge, used in the M1 Garand, was considered too powerful for fully automatic fire in a lightweight rifle. This led to the development of the 7.62x51mm NATO round, a shorter and slightly less powerful cartridge designed to provide a balance between range, accuracy, and controllability.

The T44 rifle, developed at the Springfield Armory, emerged as the frontrunner during these trials. The T44 was essentially an improved version of the T20, incorporating design elements from the M1 Garand but chambered for the new 7.62x51mm NATO round. The rifle featured a gas-operated, rotating bolt mechanism and was capable of both semi-automatic and fully automatic fire. After extensive testing and competition against other designs, such as the T48 (a variant of the FN FAL), the T44 was officially adopted as the M14 rifle in 1957.

Adoption

The M14 was officially adopted by the U.S. military in 1959, marking the beginning of its service as the standard-issue rifle. Initially, the rifle was met with enthusiasm, as it represented a significant technological advancement over the M1 Garand. The M14 was the first U.S. rifle to be mass-produced with a fully automatic capability, and its detachable 20-round magazine offered a substantial increase in firepower. Additionally, the rifle retained the accuracy and range that had made the M1 Garand so effective.

However, the M14's introduction was not without challenges. One of the most significant issues was its performance in fully-automatic mode. The powerful 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge produced considerable recoil, making the M14 difficult to control during sustained automatic fire. This problem was exacerbated by the rifle's relatively lightweight design, which, while advantageous for mobility, made it harder to manage during automatic fire. As a result, many units were instructed to use the M14 primarily in semi-automatic mode, with the full-auto feature being reserved for emergency situations. This fundamental issue somewhat negated the concept of a ‘universal rifle’.

Another challenge was the rifle's wooden stock, which was prone to warping and swelling in humid environments. This issue became particularly problematic during the Vietnam War, where the tropical climate wreaked havoc on the M14's wooden components. The Springfield Armory responded by developing a fiberglass stock, which was more resistant to environmental conditions, but the transition was slow, and many rifles continued to use the original wooden stocks.

Despite these challenges, the M14 was well-regarded for its accuracy and reliability in semi-automatic mode. It was particularly valued by marksmen and designated marksmen for its ability to deliver accurate fire at long ranges. The rifle's 7.62x51mm NATO round was also highly effective, providing excellent stopping power and penetration.

Into The Field

The Vietnam War was the first major conflict in which the M14 was used extensively. Initially, the rifle was issued to U.S. troops deployed in Vietnam, where it quickly became clear that the weapon was not ideally suited for the jungle warfare conditions prevalent in Southeast Asia. The dense vegetation, close-quarters combat, and harsh environmental conditions of Vietnam posed significant challenges for the M14.

One of the primary criticisms of the M14 in Vietnam was its length and weight. The rifle was nearly 44 inches long and weighed over 10 pounds when loaded, making it cumbersome in the thick jungles and challenging to maneuver in close-quarters combat. Additionally, the rifle's wooden stock was prone to swelling and warping in the humid climate, which affected its accuracy and reliability.

The M14's fully automatic capability, while theoretically an advantage, proved to be of limited practical use in the jungle environment. Furthermore, the heavy ammunition limited the amount of rounds a soldier could carry, which was a significant disadvantage in the protracted engagements typical of Vietnam.

Despite these issues, the M14 did have its strengths in Vietnam. The rifle's accuracy and range made it effective in certain situations, particularly in more open terrain where long-range engagements were possible. The 7.62x51mm NATO round also had excellent stopping power, making the M14 a formidable weapon in the hands of a skilled marksman. Given the strengths of the M14 at range, the rifle would soon be given the new role of what we would now call a Designated Marksman Rifle.

The M21 rifle, a sniper variant of the M14, was developed by the U.S. Army for use during the Vietnam War, filling the need for a more accurate and reliable sniper platform. Officially adopted in 1969, the M21 was equipped with a Leatherwood ART II scope, enhancing its long-range precision. Its adaptability and accuracy made the M21 a key asset in the sniper's arsenal, influencing future sniper rifle designs in the U.S. military.

However, as the Vietnam War progressed, it became increasingly clear that the M14 was not the ideal rifle for the conflict. The U.S. military began to look for alternatives, leading to the development and eventual adoption of the M16 rifle. The M16, with its lighter weight, shorter length, and the ability for troops to carry more magazines, was better suited to the conditions in Vietnam, and it gradually replaced the M14 as the standard-issue rifle for U.S. troops.

Although the M14 was officially replaced by the M16 in 1967, the rifle did not disappear from military service. Instead, it found a niche role in various specialized applications. The M14's accuracy, range, and powerful 7.62x51mm NATO round made it an ideal platform for use as a designated marksman rifle (DMR) and a sniper rifle.

A Marksman's Rifle

In the years following the Vietnam War, the M14 was increasingly modified and adapted for these specialized roles. The introduction of synthetic stocks, improved optics, and other upgrades transformed the M14 into a highly effective sniper and DMR platform. The rifle saw service in various conflicts, including the Gulf War, the Iraq War, and the War in Afghanistan, where it was used by U.S. military snipers and designated marksmen.

An Old Rifle, In A New Era

By the time the United States entered the Global War on Terror following the September 11, 2001, attacks, the M14 had been largely phased out of frontline service for over three decades. The M16 and its variants, along with the newer M4 carbine, had become the primary rifles for U.S. forces. However, the nature of the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan, characterized by a mix of urban combat and engagements in vast, open terrain, underscored a need for a rifle with longer range and greater stopping power than the 5.56mm NATO round used in the M16 and M4.

The M14 was reintroduced into service to fulfil this need, particularly in the role of a Designated Marksman Rifle (DMR) and a sniper platform. The rifle's powerful 7.62x51mm NATO cartridge, combined with its inherent accuracy, made it well-suited for engaging targets at longer ranges, where the 5.56mm round lacked the necessary punch.

In-Service Upgrades

As the M14 was reintroduced into service, it underwent several modifications to enhance its performance in the modern battlefield. The original wooden stocks were often replaced with more durable synthetic or fiberglass stocks, which were less susceptible to warping under extreme weather conditions. Additionally, many M14s were fitted with new optics, including advanced scopes and red dot sights, to improve accuracy and target acquisition.

One of the most significant upgrades was the development of the M14 Enhanced Battle Rifle (EBR) program. The EBR, designed by the Naval Surface Warfare Center Crane Division, featured a tactical chassis system that allowed for the attachment of modern accessories such as bipods, foregrips, and night vision equipment. The EBR also included a collapsible stock and a more effective muzzle brake, which helped mitigate the rifle’s recoil. Unfortunately, this stock made an already heavy weapon system even heavier coming in at around 12 pounds.

In Afghanistan, where U.S. forces often engaged in combat across mountainous terrain and vast open spaces, the M14’s long-range accuracy was even more critical. The rifle’s ability to reach out and engage targets at distances exceeding 600 meters made it indispensable in the hands of designated marksmen and snipers. The mountainous regions of Afghanistan, with their unpredictable weather conditions and rugged landscape, presented unique challenges that the M14 was well-equipped to handle.

One More War

The Ukrainian War has seen a wide range of weaponry used, from modern anti-tank missiles to Cold War-era firearms. It almost makes sense in a weird way that with combat in Ukraine devolving back to trench warfare, some of the weapons would also be not so modern.

The M14, was still available in military reserves and was included in the arms shipments to Ukraine. These rifles, often refurbished and equipped with modern optics, have been put to use by Ukrainian forces in various roles.

Fun with .410 @ TFB:

• Beretta Completes Silver Pigeon I Refresh with 28 Ga and 410 Options 
• TFB Review: Henry Lever Action Axe .410 – Cutting Down Non-NFA Competition 
• TFB Review: Pedersoli Howdah Alaskan 45/410 Break Action Pistol 
• The All-New Single-Shot .410 Bore Rossi Survival Rifle – The Poly Tuffy 

A princely pump-action

“In the beginning, there was the Winchester Model 12, and it was very good.” Not quite—Winchester’s Model 12 was not the first pump-action shotgun ever made; they had their own series of pump guns before the Model 12, including the popular Model 1897, and the competition had ‘em too. But when T.C. Johnson devised the Model 12 (based on John Browning’s previous work with the Model 1893 and Model 1897), this quickly became the most-respected pump-action shotgun in the world. The Model 12 held this position for fifty years.

Originally called the Model 1912 because of the year it debuted, the Model 12 was made the old-fashioned way, with a combination of hand-fitted forged and machined steel parts and furniture from high-quality walnut. The finish was deeply blued. It was called the Perfect Repeater, because that’s what it was—it looked good and it worked well. Everyone from working men to presidents and millionaires bought these shotguns, and it is incredible that prices on the used market have dropped so low.

The Model 12 was mostly sold in 12 gauge, with 16 gauge and 20 gauge versions also relatively easy to find. At one point, Winchester also offered the gun in 28 gauge, but never in .410. It was designed as a full-sized shotgun, and a .410 would have been silly.

But Winchester saw the potential for a .410 repeater and the company put designer William Roemer on the job. Supposedly, Winchester actually wanted the shotgun on the market for skeet shooters, who wanted to compete with the same gun in different gauges. Roemer didn’t exactly build a Model 12 in .410; the internals aren’t just miniaturized Model 12 parts, and for most shooters that was OK. What they were concerned about was the gun’s feel, especially the placement of the controls. Roemer built a .410 pump-action that worked the same as a Model 12, including the takedown feature, and if a few internal widgets had to be redesigned for efficiency or practicality, most shooters didn’t know or didn’t care.

It is worth noting that Winchester debuted the 3-inch .410 load at the same time as the Model 42’s introduction in 1933. Not only was this the first pump-action .410, but it was also one of the first guns that could handle the new magnum .410 loads as well, with their ¾-ounce payload.

The Model 42 was an instant success, although the Great Depression obviously kept sales down as consumers had less money for frivolities like sub-gauge shotguns. Skeet shooters bought the gun, but it was also a big hit with hunters. Winchester stopped making it in 1963, around the same time they dropped many other classic designs. In the years since, Browning made a reproduction, and there are plenty of both on the used market today.

In practical terms, the Model 42 might be one of the best classic Winchesters to buy if you actually want to go hunting. Unlike the Model 12 and other shotguns used for duck hunting, the Model 42 doesn’t really suffer from the requirement to use non-toxic shot; this wasn’t a duck gun to start with. And some Model 42s did get a workout on the skeet range, but many were not that hard-used, as most .410 owners don’t go through a high volume outside of clay shooting. Buy a Model 42, and it’s probably good to go for many more years of bunny busting or partridge sniping.

This gun here

The shotgun seen in these photos is for sale at Morphy’s auction in September. Here’s their description:

Manufactured in 1952. Classically configured with blued finish, Winchester proof steel barrel, single steel bead, takedown frame, flat bottom 14 groove walnut forend, and smooth walnut stock with WRACO butt plate. CONDITION: Fine. Gun retains the vast majority of its factory blue with some high edge wear and evidence of cycling. Wood is very good with some scuffs and light impressions. Very fine bright bore. Fine mechanics.

Minimum bid is $600; see more here if you’re interested.

Springfield Armory Kuna @ TFB:

• TFB Review: Springfield Armory Kuna 9mm PDW Pistol
• POTD: The HS Produkt Kuna 9mm & .40 S&W Submachine Guns
• POTD: Suppress Your Springfield Kuna

Springfield Armory Kuna Tri-Lug 9mm Specifications:

• Caliber: 9mm Parabellum
• Barrel: 6.6" with integral Tri-Lug mounts
• Upper receiver: Monolithic aluminum
• Action: Roller-delayed
• Controls: Fully ambidextrous
• Magazines: Two 30-round (five 10-round with low-capacity variants)
• Configuration options: Bare rail or Strike Industries FSA side-folding brace
• MSRP: $1,179 (bare), $1,330 (FSA-braced)
• UPCs: KN9069BTL (706397000882), KN9069BTL-FSA (706397000899), KN9069BTLLC (706397010980), KN9069BTLLC-FSA (706397011055)

Find out more here: https://www.springfield-armory.com/kuna-series-pistols/kuna-pistols/ 

The warranty is provided at no cost and covers manufacturing defects and failures, including issues affecting function or accuracy, cracked frames, slides or barrels, broken thumb or grip safeties, slide stops, ejectors, extractors, and grip components. Factory coating delamination caused by preparation or application issues is covered, as is factory blending required to correct contact hot spots. Staccato states that normal wear items are excluded from coverage, including springs, magazine followers, and coating wear caused by holster contact or hard use. Damage or malfunctions caused by aftermarket parts are also outside warranty scope.

Staccato 2011 Lifetime Warranty Coverage:

• Covers all Staccato-built pistols for the life of the firearm, regardless of ownership
• No cost to owner, provided at no additional charge
• Function and accuracy issues, frame and slide cracks, barrel cracks
• Broken safeties, slide stops, ejectors, extractors, grips
• Factory coating delamination from preparation or application issues
• Factory blending for contact hot spot correction
• Excludes normal wear items: springs, magazine followers, holster contact wear
• Excludes damage from aftermarket parts
• Pre-owned buyers must re-register to activate coverage

To review full warranty terms, activate coverage or submit a claim, visit www.staccato2011.com/warranty.

Does the transferable warranty increase your confidence in the secondary market value of Staccato pistols, or is resale appeal already established independent of warranty terms?

All images from Staccato.

The 110 Ultralite Pro targets versatile hunters. It features a Savage-exclusive camo stock with AccuFit V2, interchangeable grip options, M-LOK panels, and a Blackout Cerakoted action. Barrel options range from 18 to 24 inches in carbon fiber construction. The rifle includes a one-piece 20 MOA Picatinny scope rail and AICS magazine compatibility. Available in Western and Woodland camouflage, MSRPs run from $1,949 to $1,989.

The 110 Ultralite Elite V2 represents the lightweight extreme. Built with a carbon fiber-wrapped stainless steel barrel and MDT HNT26 chassis featuring carbon fiber and magnesium construction, the rifle weighs just over 5 pounds. It includes adjustable length of pull and comb height, an integrated ARCA rail, and a one-piece 20 MOA Picatinny scope rail. Savage offers multiple caliber choices with barrel lengths from 18 to 22 inches. MSRPs range from $3,599 to $3,639.

Savage Ultralite Series Specifications Summary:

• 110 Ultralite Pro: Carbon fiber barrel 18-24", AccuFit V2, camo stock, M-LOK, AICS mag, $1,949-$1,989
• 110 Ultralite Predator: Carbon fiber barrel 16.5-22", hunter green stock, ARCA rail, skeletonized receiver, $1,899
• 110 Ultralite Elite V2: Carbon fiber-wrapped barrel, MDT HNT26 chassis, approximately 5 lbs, multiple calibers 18-22", $3,599-$3,639
• Impulse Ultralite Pro: Straight-pull action, carbon fiber barrel 18-24", AccuFit V2, camo stock, M-Lok, $2,299-$2,439

Cold weather gear conversations usually start and end with a single jacket. The reality is that cold-weather performance depends on an integrated layering system, with the jacket or outer layer serving as one important component. What breaks a winter shift is sweat trapped against your skin at 6 p.m. when the temperature drops, wet socks after a foot pursuit through slush, and a shell that turns a light rain into a soaked base layer by the third call. The failure is almost always a system failure, not a single-garment failure.

This article is about the layering system: base, insulation, shell, hands, and feet, and how those pieces have to work together across a shift where you go from a heated car to a scene to a foot chase and back. It is not a review of any single parka, and it is not general glove selection, which weeks 8 and 13 already covered. Where gloves come up here, it is strictly about cold-weather redundancy.

We are about a month away from cold weather for some of our northern brethren, and now is the time to start addressing cold weather needs.

Front Line Friday @ TFB:

• Off-Duty Carry Considerations
• After-Action Reviews Officers Will Actually Use
• Female Officer Gear and Fit: The Systemic Gap
• De-escalation Training That Actually Transfers
• In-Car First Aid and Trauma Kit Configuration

The Layer System, Not the Jacket

The mistake I see most often is treating winter as a problem you solve at the start of shift and forget about. An officer suits up in the sally port at 40 degrees, feels a little cold, adds a layer, and then spends the next four hours generating heat inside a running car set to 72. By the time a call comes in, the base layer is damp. Now they step out into a 20-degree wind with wet cotton against their chest, and the same clothing that felt right at 6 a.m. is actively pulling heat out of them.

A layer system solves this by making thermal output adjustable across the shift instead of fixed. Three functional layers: a base that moves moisture off your skin, a mid layer that holds warmth and comes off when you are working, and a shell that stops wind and water. The whole point is that you can shed the mid layer during a foot pursuit and put it back on when you are standing in a driveway for forty minutes taking a report.

The single-jacket approach fails because it gives you two states: on and off. A running vehicle plus body armor plus a heavy jacket is a sweat factory, and there is nothing between "sweating" and "freezing" once you take the jacket off. The system gives you four or five usable states, and that range is what actually gets you through twelve hours.

Base Layer: Where the Shift Is Won or Lost

Cotton is the failure point in almost every cold-weather gear complaint I have heard from patrol. Cotton fiber is sometimes reported to absorb roughly 25 times its weight in water, but the amount retained by a garment varies; cotton can dry slowly and remain wet longer than some synthetics. Once it is wet, from sweat or weather, it stays wet against your skin, and Wet clothing substantially increases heat loss, but the supplied evidence more consistently supports that water conducts heat about 25 times faster than air and that wet clothes can increase conductive heat loss about fivefold. That is the mechanism behind "I was fine until I sat back in the car and got cold." The base layer was already saturated.

Merino wool and synthetic performance fabrics can wick moisture away from the skin, but synthetics generally move it to the surface and dry faster, while merino absorbs and retains moisture within its fibers and dries more slowly. I lean toward merino for base layers under armor because it can help maintain warmth and thermal comfort when damp, especially during drying or changing conditions, but its insulation decreases substantially when it is fully wet, and it does not develop the smell that synthetics do by hour eight of a wool-free shift. A midweight merino long-sleeve top, somewhere around 200 to 245 grams per square meter of fabric weight, sits in a useful range for cold-weather or active use, with suitability depending on activity and temperature. Lighter fabric breathes better during exertion but gives up too much warmth standing still.

Watch the fit under body armor. A base layer that bunches under a carrier creates hot spots and cold spots, and a seam sitting under a rifle plate is going to remind you it is there by hour four. Flatlock seams and a fit snug enough not to gather are worth more than the specific brand. I would size the base layer to disappear once the carrier is on, not to be comfortable standing in the locker room.

The shell has one job that matters most: stop wind and water while letting your sweat out. This is where "waterproof" and "breathable" collide. A fully waterproof shell that does not breathe will soak your base layer from the inside during any exertion, which is the same wet-cotton failure by a different route. A membrane rated around 20,000 mm of water column with a breathability figure to match handles genuine rain, and pit zips or a two-way front zip give you a manual vent when you start working.

For patrol specifically, I would prioritize a shell cut long enough to cover the gap that opens at your lower back when you lean into a car, and one that clears your duty belt so you can reach a holster or magazine without lifting a hem. A beautiful mountaineering shell that blocks your draw is a liability, not gear. Confirm you can present your sidearm in the shell before you ever wear it on shift, in daylight, on a range, not for the first time on a call.

A single pair of insulated gloves handles the drive and the walk to the door. Then you kneel in snow to render aid, or you spend fifteen minutes searching a wet vehicle, and the gloves are soaked through. Wet insulation can lose substantial insulating effectiveness, depending on the material and glove design, but it is not necessarily worthless, and now your hands go from warm to numb faster than they would have with no gloves at all, because the cold water is held against your skin. A second dry pair in the car is not a luxury. It is the equivalent of a spare magazine: cheap, small, and the thing you need precisely when your primary has failed.

I run a three-tier setup. A thin liner glove I can shoot and manipulate a radio in, a heavier insulated glove over it for standing outside, and a spare of each in a gallon zip bag in the car. The liner matters because dexterity dies in the cold, and there are tasks, writing, handcuff keys, weapon manipulation, where a bulky glove is more dangerous than a bare hand. The redundancy is not about having more gloves. It is about never being stuck choosing between wet and warm.

Footwear for Cold and Wet

Feet get ignored until they fail, and then they end a shift. The standard patrol boot is built for a temperate day and a hard floor, and it drowns in slush. A waterproof membrane is a common option and important feature in many boots designed for cold, wet conditions, but it is not universally standard or necessary, but the more common failure is the officer who buys an aggressively insulated boot, wears it in a heated car all night, sweats into the wool sock, and then stands on a cold scene with damp feet inside a boot that no longer breathes.

The sock is half the system. A merino or synthetic hiking-weight sock moves moisture the way the base layer does, and I would carry a dry spare pair the same way I carry spare gloves. A foot pursuit through six inches of wet snow ends with soaked socks regardless of how good the boot is, and a two-minute sock change in the car buys you the rest of the shift with feeling in your toes.

On insulation, I would rather have a moderately insulated boot around 200 grams of insulation and add sock warmth than a heavily insulated boot I cannot cool down. Traction is the other half most people skip. A lugged outsole rated for ice, or a slip-on set of cleats in the car, prevents the low-speed fall on a driveway that puts more officers on light duty every winter than any dramatic incident. The check is not for the day you expect to slip.

Bottom Line / What to Do Monday

• Pull the cotton undershirt out of your winter rotation this week and replace it with a midweight merino or synthetic base layer sized to disappear under your carrier.
• Build a three-state layer system: base, a packable mid layer you can shed and stow without touching your belt, and a breathable waterproof shell. Confirm you can draw your sidearm in the shell before you wear it on shift.
• Stage redundancy in the car: a spare pair of gloves and a spare pair of moisture-wicking socks in a zip bag. Treat them like a spare magazine, not an optional extra.
• Add a thin liner glove to your kit so you have a dexterity option for radio, cuffs, and weapon manipulation when the bulky glove is a liability.
• Check your boots for a waterproof membrane and an ice-rated outsole, or stage slip-on cleats in the car. The winter low-speed fall is the injury most within your control.
• FTOs and supervisors: run a cold-weather gear check the same way you would a pre-shift equipment check. Ask new officers specifically where their dry spares are, and have them show you a draw in a full shell.
• Fire/EMS note: crews working extended scenes in the cold face the same sweat-then-freeze cycle. A packable mid layer and a dry-sock spare belong in the rig for anyone who might be static outside for an hour.

When I was a kid, I kept asking my father the same stupid question: ‘Daddy, what is the best gun ever?’ He kept patiently explaining that it depends on the mission and circumstances. I understood that, but deep down, the question always remained with me.

Many years later, answering this question became a part of my job description. For a little while, I was testing weapons for a living, and in 2016 I participated in perhaps the biggest weapon trials in the last couple of decades.

Pakistan was looking for a new service rifle that would replace the locally made G3 and imported Chinese AKs (primarily Type-56-2). The potential deal was worth over a billion dollars and included the transfer of technology.

FN from Belgium, Beretta from Italy, CZ from Czechia, Zastava from Serbia, and MKEK from Turkey brought their modern battle rifles to compete against the G3, which has been around since 1959. There are many interesting aspects to those trials, but today I want to concentrate on one unexpected detail - the performance of the good old G3 compared to modern battle rifles.

Production of the G3 in Pakistan started in 1965, when the factory received a transfer of technology from Heckler & Koch. Along with blueprints, the German company provided machinery and know-how.

While H&K stopped production of the G3, Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) continued making those rifles using the original technology. The original G3 with a wooden stock and handguard was made by the POF from 1965 to 1983, and from 1983, POF has been producing the G3A3.

When I saw the G3A3 at the trials, it was completely overshadowed by modern battle rifles. It was never brought for displays, presentations, and briefings, and nobody said something along the lines of: ‘Maybe we don’t need a new rifle; G3 is good enough’.

Initially, the military did not want to use the G3 at the trials, but later they agreed that G3 should be brought to establish the baseline performance. It made sense to compare modern rifles with what they already had, and nobody had any intention of proving that a 60-year-old design can compete with modern FN SCAR or CZ Bren 2.

But the results of the accuracy tests were shocking. At the trials, two methods were used to determine accuracy: group size and deviation from the point of aim. But regardless of the method, at 100, 400, and 600 meters, G3 consistently ranked among the top 2 most accurate rifles. At 600 meters, shooters were allowed to use magnified optics, and G3 managed to win - with a Nightforce NXS 8-32x56mm scope.

Naturally, a big part of it was ammunition. During the trials, everyone used the same Pakistani-made 7.62x51mm ball ammo. Maybe match ammo would’ve changed the results of accuracy tests, but those results would be largely irrelevant - an ordinary soldier uses standard ball ammo and won’t be issued anything else.

In private, I asked one factory engineer whether those G3s were somehow accurised and specially prepared for the trials. He laughed: ‘Just look at those rifles with dented grips and handguards. If we could produce or pick a special batch of G3s for the trials, we would never let those rifles pass. Our rifles would’ve been perfect. All those G3s at the trials are not even from the factory; this is army stock, nothing special.'

It wasn’t all smooth sailing for the G3A3. I still remember the cook-off test, when the weapon is tested to see whether the round will ignite by itself in the hot chamber. Most people have never seen that happen.

In this case, the shooter fired 6 magazines in full auto without stopping, left a round in the chamber, and put the rifle on the table, propping it up with sandbags. Nobody expected the rifle to fire, but it did. Everyone was shocked. The shooter removed the magazine, leaving one more round in the chamber. It fired again, and I even managed to film it.

All battle rifles were tested for reliability: water immersion, mud, barrel elevation and depression, high and low temperatures. Many rifles had issues; G3A3 had only one stoppage during the cold weather test. The round did not chamber properly when the rifle was frozen to -40 degrees Celsius with magazine inserted and empty chamber. Other G3 reliability tests went without a hitch.

G3A3 also had a better result penetrating steel armor. It was the only rifle that managed to defeat 3.5 mm steel at 600 meters. Other rifles managed to do it at 550 meters. The results should not be surprising - after all, the G3 has an 18-inch barrel, giving it a small velocity advantage, while other battle rifles have a 16-inch barrel length.

What can we learn from this experience? Nobody is claiming that the G3 is better than any modern battle rifle, but if we look at the core of the firearm, what matters is the cartridge, barrel length, and action. You cannot expect a drastic difference between two rifles chambered for the same cartridge with similar barrel length.

If a rifle is reliable and can be used with modern sighting systems, it doesn't matter whether it was invented in 1959 or two years ago. When it comes to the G3, there is a lot of room for improvement, but with proper modernisation, the G3 certainly fits the formula of ‘old, but not obsolete’.

Welcome back to another edition of Concealed Carry Corner. Last week, we took a look at some of the keys to successfully carrying a concealed handgun. If you happened to miss that article, be sure to click the link here to check it out. This week, I want to look at why certain individuals, especially people who are just starting to get into guns, always seem to think larger calibers, while a smaller-framed smaller caliber pistols with higher capacity can be superior carry guns. It's the argument of capacity versus firepower, but I have seen some incredibly interesting choices lately rather than the more common 9mm carry guns. Let's take a closer look at why bigger isn't always better.

Caliber Matters

Over the last week, I have had this conversation with two separate people who are looking to buy their first carry gun, but don't want something like a 9mm carry pistol that has become so common. The first person I chatted with wanted to carry a snub-nose N-frame Model 629 from Smith & Wesson because even 357 Magnum wasn't enough to stop someone in his eyes. This is one of those guys that is so far out there it'll be hard to save them. While that may be true for a grizzly bear in Alaska, this is not the case for a self-defense handgun in everyday America. While a snub-nose .357 Magnum or .44 Magnum does offer significant stopping power, the amount of recoil that comes with these rounds makes it more difficult to fire a follow-up shot quickly. I’ve heard the old-timers who have had this debate when it comes to 45 ACP versus 9mm, but having a big-bore revolver for a carry gun is completely overkill.

The other individual I was chatting with was a woman who had never had a concealed handgun or shot much before. She was convinced that 9mm isn't enough to stop a man, so she started asking me what options she could carry in 45 ACP or 10mm. Now, if she was experienced and held that belief, I wouldn't really worry about her. During our conversations, she said she fired a Glock 17 and it seemed too easy to make hits, which made me laugh at the moment, but she was expecting handguns to be uncontrollable rather than having something that fits her hand and can be controlled with proper grip and training, something like a Glock 43X or 48, which would allow her a proper grip, enough stopping power, and the ability to carry 15+1 with the updated Glock magazines.

Power Vs Mobility

The biggest issue when it comes to carrying larger caliber handguns for concealed carry. There are two routes that you'll have to grapple with. The first option is to carry either a full-size or smaller option chambered in 45 ACP, 10mm or even a 357 Magnum. I’ve found most people still carry either a commander-size or officer-size 1911, which is still a smaller option than the full-size variants but still weighs more due to its full metal construction. Heavier revolvers like a 44 Magnum N-frame can be incredibly bulky, which ultimately makes it tough to conceal. The other option is to go with the lighter options, but those aren't perfect by any means either.

Carrying the super lightweight options makes concealing a magnum extremely easy, but the major issues with these are when you actually fire them. With the lack of weight combined with a larger powder charge, it can be extremely difficult to fire accurately, but even tougher to fire quickly. There has certainly been an advance in technology when it comes to metallurgy and weight reduction in the revolver market especially, but that lack of weight means the recoil impulses will be significantly more than the heavier metal-framed variants.

The Majority Caliber

If we look at the vast majority of people who carry a concealed handgun, we can look at what is selling best on the market along with the aftermarket support for various handgun models. One of the overwhelmingly popular calibers is 9mm and a massive number of carriers do, in fact, carry a 9mm concealed handgun. A significant number of police departments and law enforcement agencies also carry a handgun chambered in 9mm for the simple fact that you can train economically and have a significant level of stopping power with modern self-defense rounds. If you do decide to carry a larger caliber handgun, there's absolutely nothing wrong with that. The issue is when people develop opinions with no background knowledge but rather just take their assumptions as fact and go off those assumptions.

Overall Thoughts

Part of the fun when it comes to carrying concealed is finding the perfect carry gun and there's no wrong answer. There will be drawbacks with any handgun you choose, but you have to find what works for you. The vast majority of people, though, agree on finding something that's comfortable to carry and that you can accurately shoot under pressure. There's no one-size-fits-all, but there's also no need to carry the largest handgun possible in order to feel safe. There's a balance and finding that balance will ultimately help you.

What are some of your favorite carry guns that you use on a daily basis? Let me know your thoughts in the comments below. If you have questions about carrying concealed or firearms in general, feel free to shoot me a message on Instagram @fridgeoperator. Stay safe out there and we will see you next week for another edition of Concealed Carry Corner.

TFB’s Concealed Carry Corner is brought to you by GLOCK

Beretta's APX A1 family just got faster. The company has introduced the APX A1 Ported, a variant built around a precision ported barrel and slide system designed to manage recoil impulse and get the gun back on target quicker for follow-up shots. It's a straightforward addition to an already-proven platform, and it arrives configured for shooters who want the optics-ready slide without sacrificing the tactile feedback of an iron-sight setup.

What sets the APX A1 Ported apart operationally is the control package. Beretta enlarged the magazine release and added an ambidextrous slide release that can be configured for either hand. Both controls are tactile enough to manipulate quickly without looking, which matters when you're chasing speed on a timer or managing a defensive scenario. The slide comes aggressive, with deep serrations that won't slip under pressure or when drawing from a holster. Beretta backs the finish with its Aquatech Shield coating, which handles corrosion and chemical exposure.

The factory optics-ready slide is the next logical path for this type of pistol. The cut is designed to accept most current red dot platforms, though you'll need to source a compatible mounting plate separately. The pistol ships with three magazines and comes in FDE and OD Green. The OD Green seems to ship with a black slide, while the FDE has a full color finish.

Beretta APX A1 Ported Specifications:

• Caliber: 9mm Parabellum
• Barrel: Ported with single angled port
• Slide: Factory optics-ready, seven ports, deep aggressive serrations
• Controls: Oversized magazine release, ambidextrous slide release, configurable for right or left-hand operation
• Slide Coating: Aquatech Shield
• Finish: FDE or OD Green
• Magazines: Three included
• MSRP: $629

Winchester Ammunition has introduced Super Match, a new competition line covering centerfire handguns, rifles, and 12-gauge shotguns. The announcement lists 19 configurations aimed at everything from action-pistol matches to long-range rifle shooting.

That is a much broader launch than the usual new bullet weight in an existing box. It also requires a little sorting, because Winchester's current Super Match catalog page displays 16 loads rather than all 19 named in the announcement.

Handgun and rifle loads

The six handgun loads currently cataloged include four 9mm choices: 115- and 124-grain round-nose FMJ, plus 115- and 147-grain flat-nose FMJ. A 180-grain .40 S&W flat-nose load and 230-grain .45 ACP round-nose load round out the live listings. All come in 50-round boxes. Winchester says it uses high-sensitivity primers for tuned competition pistols.

The announcement also lists a 130-grain .38 Super +P load that is not on the family page. Owners should verify that their pistol is rated for the exact cartridge and pressure designation printed on the box.

Seven rifle loads are currently shown. They include 69-grain .223 Remington and 77-grain 5.56 NATO BTHP loads; .308 Winchester with either a 168-grain BTHP or 175-grain BC Max bullet; two 140-grain 6.5 Creedmoor choices; and a 140-grain 6.5 PRC BC Max load. Rifle ammunition comes in 20-round boxes.

BC Max is Winchester's new polymer-tipped rifle projectile. The company describes it as a heavy-for-caliber bullet with an extended boattail and heat-resistant tip. Those are design claims, not independent accuracy results. Winchester has not published ballistic-coefficient figures on the product pages checked for this article.

Three shotgun choices

The 12-gauge side includes a 2¾-inch, 1⅛-ounce No. 7½ target load at a listed 1,235 fps; a nine-pellet 00 buckshot load at 1,300 fps; and a 1-ounce rifled slug at 1,300 fps. Winchester says the thick-walled hulls and high-brass heads are intended to hold their shape in box-magazine-fed shotguns. Box quantities are 25 for the target and buckshot loads and 10 for the slugs.