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	<title>The Fromson File</title>
	
	<link>http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile</link>
	<description>Reporting, analysis and commentary on current and historical events by Murray Fromson, veteran journalist and professor emeritus at the University of Southern California's Annenberg School for Communication.</description>
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		<title>The GOP Presidency</title>
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		<comments>http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile/2011/12/the-gop-presidency/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Dec 2011 05:09:01 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[I must confess: I don’t like Newt Gingrich. He’s an insufferable bore. He talks too much. He has an opinion about everything, none of it conciliatory. Most of it in fact is irrational. He is not what anyone might consider to be a deep thinker. While Barack Obama demonstrates leadership abroad, Gingrich is pursuing worn-out [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I must confess: I don’t like Newt Gingrich. He’s an insufferable bore. He talks too much. He has an opinion about everything, none of it conciliatory. Most of it in fact is irrational. He is not what anyone might consider to be a deep thinker. While Barack Obama demonstrates leadership abroad, Gingrich is pursuing  worn-out ideas that continue to harp on government spending,  waste in Washington and the need for unregulated tax cuts for the rich, none of which are on the minds of shoppers at Costco or Walmart.</p>
<p>Consider the opinions of Gingrich on the Belgian Congo; on race relations in the U.S.; about immigration from across the border; or how to treat underprivileged , hungry people. The inference is fairly clear. Gingrich has never been challenged by his all-white panelists on the CNN election platform. None of the presidential candidates who cluttered cable television last week were ready to respond to tough questions. The panel overall was as meek as mice.  </p>
<p>After an airing of the past revelations uttered by Gingrich, it is impossible to imagine how many African-American or Latino voters will cast a ballot for him as president. Gingrich is an uncontrollable motor mouth. Yet, despite such flaws, many of his supporters still believe him fit to be a President or world leader..</p>
<p>As Paul Krugman, the Nobel Prize winning economist of the <em>New York Times</em> said of Gingrich <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/05/opinion/send-in-the-clueless.html">recently</a> “He is a glib speaker, even when he has no idea of what he is talking about.” Krugman went on to say “My sense is that he’s very good at double think—that even when he knows what he’s said isn’t true while he’s saying it.</p>
<p>To any reporter who has covered politics from the highest to the lowest level &#8212; and I’ve covered many including the ill-fated Goldwater campaign in 1964 &#8212; it’s clear that Gingrich is tempted to say anything in public once he has access to a microphone or platform. Careless ideas simply roll off his tongue. So outrageous, oftentimes he can shock anyone within hearing distance.  Gingrich has disdain for many Americans; not only  poor ones, but blacks, gays, Arabs, or welfare recipients for starters. His analysis of the Israeli-Palestinian issue is so absurd and over-simplified you would have to worry if he were elected president.</p>
<p>But Gingrich is not the sole champion of negative thinking in Republican ranks. The tactic may easily come back to haunt him on Election Day, if he gets that far. Having covered enough  national politics, instinct tells me that a persistent negative campaign could sink the GOP. On the other hand,  I would not be surprised by an Obama victory next November, providing he makes a slight indent in the unemployment and inflation figures. My hunch then is the President could win re-election next year and even by a substantial margin.</p>
<p><span id="more-233"></span>The problem for the GOP is that it is devoid of real solutions to cope with the economic doldrums gripping the nation. Moreover, it is trapped in a campaign with such implicit racist implications, it’s a miracle that so many of its political experts act as if it they didn’t exist.</p>
<p>From election day on, the Republicans have focused on getting Obama out of the White House, no matter the cost. But the President has been savvy enough politically to avoid turning it into a food fight. While every Republican office-holder or candidate seems determined since Day One to defeat Obama; no matter what the President says or stands for; regardless of what positive social policy he proposes and no matter how dedicated he is to reducing the number of American soldiers in Iraq, the Republicans say no.</p>
<p>They act as if they are deaf or blind to the latest polls that show 77% of the American people support the President. John McCain, Lindsay Graham and other prominent Republican legislators truck out every absurd excuse for keeping American troops on the ground in a war that literally ended months ago. You could ask how many of their own sons have ever served in Iraq or Afghanistan? But the answer would be insignificant. Having covered wars all over the world and seen body bags ad nauseum, the notion of  reporting the number of American families that have sacrificed  their sons or loved ones for vague objectives is painful for me.</p>
<p>Aggravating the nightly political discourse, the artificial debates staged by the cable networks are a waste of time. They are tailored to provoke outrageous arguments, so much so that anyone skilled in broadcasting should be demanding that more producers be hired to exercise control over the nonsense. Viewers are never told how difficult it is to win passage of any legislation in a divided Congress. Consequently, the American people have a negative view of government.</p>
<p>While Barack Obama exercises leadership abroad, the Republicans are pursuing worn out ideas that continue to harp on government spending, waste in Washington and the need for unregulated tax cuts.for the rich. That’s not what everyday shoppers at Walmart or Costco are talking about.</p>
<p>As Krugman said of Gingrich, “ he’s very good at double think &#8212; even when he knows that what he’s said isn’t true while he’s saying it.” It’s enough to encourage serious voters to move to Iceland.</p>
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		<title>Remembering Pearl Harbor</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheFromsonFile/~3/ycMT818EELA/</link>
		<comments>http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile/2011/12/remembering-pearl-harbor/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Thu, 08 Dec 2011 22:34:03 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
				<category />
		<category><![CDATA[Ian W. Toll]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[new york times]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pearl Harbor]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Yamamoto]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[We seventh graders who lived on December 7, 1941 will always remember the Day that Will Live in Infamy, marking the day of the Japanese&#8217; surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. I can never forget the time when several Los Angeles policemen escorted several of my Japanese-American friends in tears out of our classroom to be [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>We seventh graders who lived on December 7, 1941 will always remember the Day that Will Live in Infamy, marking the day of  the Japanese&#8217; surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. I can never forget the time when several Los Angeles policemen escorted several of my Japanese-American friends in tears out of our classroom to be re-united with their parents and shipped to remote relocation camps in one of the most shameful acts enacted by the U.S. government in World War II.</p>
<p>We had no reason to doubt that the plotters behind the sneak attack were led by a buck-toothed Japanese admiral named Isoroku Yamamoto. That’s because the government told us so. His image as a cunning enemy appeared in innumerable newspapers across the country. Time Magazine published a cartoon of Yamamoto as an arch villain, a personification of “Oriental treachery.”Allegedly, he was said to have boasted that he would dictate surrender peace terms in the White House. All of this and more was spelled out by a U.S. Naval historian named Ian W. Toll in an <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/12/07/opinion/a-reluctant-enemy.html" target="_hplink">Op-Ed article</a> that appeared in the <em>New York Times</em> on Wednesday.</p>
<p>At the outset,Yamamoto was portrayed as a fire-breathing war-monger who plotted the sneak attack on the U.S.  But Toll has set the record straight. The supposed villain claimed all along that victory .over the United States was impossible. Toll described Yamamoto as one of the most colorful, charismatic and broad-minded naval officers in the Imperial Navy. He graduated from the Japanese Naval Academy. He traveled widely in the United States before the war, spoke adequate enough English as a student at Harvard University for two years, read American history voraciously after World War I, including several biographies about Abraham Lincoln; none of which has ever appeared in the American press.</p>
<p>According to Toll, the naval historian, Yamamoto despised the Japanese Army. He was known for his anti-war views, arguing there was “no chance of winning the war with the United States.”  In August 1939, he was named commander in chief of the highest sea-going command in the Japanese Navy, and while he opposed war with the U.S., he actually planned the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor. But despite his temperate views, Yamamoto was not a great strategist.  He was responsible for the Japanese defeat in the Battle of Midway and the campaign to re-capture the island of Guadalcanal. But while Yamamoto’s naval strategy was faulty, he was a major factor in setting the ground for the anti-war temperament that helped Japan to emerge from the shattering defeat in World War II.  Surprising as these revelations are, so too are the questions about U.S. veracity when it goes to war.</p>
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		<title>One View From America</title>
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		<comments>http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile/2011/07/one-view-from-america/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jul 2011 21:45:21 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
				<category />
		<category><![CDATA[barack obama]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Debt Ceiling]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Dwight Eisenhower]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harry Truman]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[John Boehner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Media criticism]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Mitch McConnell]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[national debt]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rudy Giuliani]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[Dear Mr. President, After three hours of watching television Monday evening that began with another of your polite and reasonable appeals to the nation, it’s clear that the talk, the debates, the interviews about the financial crisis engulfing most Americans assuredly is doing nothing to excite your supporters and in fact is making most of [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Dear Mr. President,</p>
<p>After three hours of watching television Monday evening that began with another of your polite and reasonable appeals to the nation, it’s clear that the talk, the debates, the interviews about the financial crisis engulfing most Americans assuredly is doing nothing to excite your supporters and in fact is making most of us feel brain dead.</p>
<p>C’mon Mr. President, if the constant meetings with John Boehner and associates do not seem to be pulling your cord, then take a deep breath and cease being the conciliator.</p>
<p>Remember way back when you pursued the Democratic nomination for president, former New York mayor Rudy Giuliani addressed a group of Republican delegates by using a sneer to cite your experience as “a community organizer.” The crowed booed and hooted at the mention of your name as “a community organizer.”  Now we who have covered a lot of politics in our lives knew exactly what Giuliani and his audience were driving at. They knew you had earned your spurs working in the troubled inner city of Chicago, alongside my old friend, Saul Alinsky. Giuliani’s remark was nothing less than a piece of racist trash. But who cared. The press wasn’t there to cover it.</p>
<p>Fast forward to the present time: Those guys on the other side of Capitol Hill, coupled with a pack of  ambitious presidential candidates who want to replace you, along with those silly little women from Minnesota and Alaska who aspire to make their beds in the White House, have the audacity to believe they can defeat you. So what? Just because cable television and even National Public Radio gives them unwarranted air time does not legitimize their candidacy. What that’s all about is ratings, getting politicians to scream at each other. </p>
<p>The Republicans clearly will do anything they can to defeat your re-election bid. Just listen to one of their principal spokesmen, Sen. Mitch McConnell of Kentucky. Your defeat is his obsession. So stop kidding yourself or us. The senator from the blue grass country is leader of the pack. So you might as well challenge them to a bare knuckle fight. It is plain nonsense to hear them talk about speaking in behalf of the American people when you would suffer from eye strain trying to find any credible African Americans or working-class or unemployed Americans who ever appear on Capitol Hill as part of the GOP leadership.  </p>
<p>All we ever see on television when the GOP bunch appears is an assortment of white, button-down cheerleaders who never have stood in line for an unemployment check in their lives. If only you and the ever so polite Washington journalists would ever get it through your heads, just throw their notebooks down in disgust and stop talking to each other, we might realize some progress on debt reduction and all the other stuff that preoccupies the so-called dialogue with the American people. That stuff means jobs and particularly jobs with some specificity.</p>
<p>To hear or watch the overall cast of Washington’s talking heads on Sunday Mornings or  the daily cable shows must cause you either to scream or laugh at them. I’m waiting for an intelligent couple of producers to put a brake on these television stars and tell them to stop talking to each other and instead engage in discussion that makes absolute common sense to most Americans. I’ve talked to farmers, steelworkers, teachers and soldiers in my lifetime of reporting and believe me, they are a lot more intelligent than some of our anchormen and women give them credit.</p>
<p><span id="more-226"></span>What truly concerns Americans I talk to regularly is the need to put the country back to work. Jobs are what grate most unemployed Americans. They affect the worth of their homes, the amount of food they can put on the table, the lives they once were accustomed to living, the quality of the schools where they can send their children. It means being able to hold their heads high. Nobody, but nobody wants to stand in line at an unemployment office.  Most of the unemployed worry about the medical bills for their families. How many of those glib members of Congress have ever had to cope with that problem?</p>
<p>Everyone talks about jobs, but neither the politicians nor civic leaders seem able to offer any specificity. I know that serious people may agree with my notion to construct a nationwide rail system powered by electricity that would go a long way toward dealing with our unemployment crisis. But these friends also concede that it is politically unfeasible at this time because of the troubled economy.</p>
<p>That’s why I harken back to the era of President Dwight Eisenhower who invaded the Defense budget  to cover the cost of building the federal highway system in the 1950s.</p>
<p>Today, we could buy rail car designs from France, Germany and Japan, then turn them over to Detroit and every former assembly plant of the auto age. You could count on the United Auto Workers  to entice thousands of unemployed and highly-skilled members to turn out new high speed rail cars. Cities can arouse a lumbering labor pool to modernize tracks and rail stations, build shopping plazas and parking lots that would generate enormous employment where it is needed.</p>
<p>Not only would Americans be put back to work en masse, they would be instrumental in spurring the construction of regional rapid rail systems on the West Coast and through heavily-populated areas of the East Coast. Obviously, all of this would take time but the American people want some vision originating from Washington and that requires your vision and passion, Mr. President. The availability of a federal rail system might well  prompt tens of thousands of Americans to abandon  their gas- guzzling cars, reduce traffic from our freeways, and  our need for oil from the Middle East. It could spur  a return to dependence on rail traffic and finally bring back some of the  jobs industry has shipped overseas. In short, we might see some light at the end of the tunnel and put an end to the jobless economy.</p>
<p>That and protection of  Social Security, Medicare and Medicaid are uppermost in the minds of many Americans. While I was waiting to see my cardiologist yesterday afternoon, I glanced around the waiting room, and what I saw was eight patients, average age 78 to 80, one in a wheel chair, waiting for one of the physicians who are partners in the practice of the man who saved my life more than once a decade ago. Dr. Nicholas Diaco and I frequently growl good humoredly and vehemently about politics and the cost of medical care. That doesn’t stop him from seeing me and a constant stream of aging Americans at his Santa Monica office. He’s an outspoken Republican and we are far away in our political tastes. The good doctor has been married a number of times, while  my wife and I recently celebrated our golden wedding anniversary to mark a loving marriage. </p>
<p>Every day, I have learned from talking to many acquaintances seeking medical treatment or working out on the exercise gear at our nearby YMCA.  What’s evident to me at least is a streak of common sense that reveals the level of impatience and frustration most of my friends share with the haggling in Washington. They’re bored with the ongoing debates over debt reduction and all the other mumbo  jumbo that has been punctuating their ear lobes for several months. Many are retirees and are fed up with Republican threats to reduce the funding of Social Security,  Medicare and  Medicaid.</p>
<p>Some of these aging but loyal Americans know that death and taxes are inevitable. They accept  from experience that the rich get richer and the middle class is aching. But they’ve heard that story before and are confident that the country somehow will pull out of its present tailspin. They’re convinced that even while some may have misgivings about you, Mr. President, but they say they intend to vote for you anyway. They wish you had the courage to get out of Afghanistan and Iraq knowing, of course, that the process may be underway. They have serious doubts about trying to graft democratic values onto the Arab world and they are fairly certain that you will be re-elected for a second term in the White House. But they wish you would bare your teeth and growl at your tormentors in the Republican Party.  </p>
<p>Americans love and respect those who stand up and fight for what they believe in. They yearn for you to get angry, passionate and combative the way President Harry Truman did back in the days when he shocked the nation and took on “the do-nothing Congress” during a campaign swing by train across the country. The GOP, the press and the public had just about had written him off in his re-election campaign. Hah, were they shocked!</p>
<p>Americans want you to do battle with your opponents the way you did when you were seeking the presidential nomination three years ago. A dose of candor might cause the public opinion polls to jump like you might never before have imagined. Grrrr, Mr. President, Grrrr.</p>
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		<title>The Murdoch Phenomenon</title>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 19 Jul 2011 20:02:16 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
				<category />
		<category><![CDATA[australia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[galipoli]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Harold Evans]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Keith Murdoch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rebekah Brooks]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rupert Murdoch]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Times of London]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[When Harold Evans was editor of the Times of London back in the early 1960s, he published a book (GoodTimes, Bad Times) about his tenure at the newspaper that described his years with Rupert Murdoch as the publisher. In reviewing that book, I was struck by one anecdote he included in his memoir that described [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>When Harold Evans was editor of the <em>Times of London</em> back in the early 1960s, he published a book (<em>GoodTimes, Bad Times</em>) about his tenure at the newspaper that described his years with Rupert Murdoch as the publisher. In reviewing that book, I was struck by one anecdote he included in his memoir that described the day Murdoch came into his office and thumbed through the pages of the <em>Times</em>. Observing the coverage by one of his correspondents sent to Warsaw during a periodic Polish crisis, Murdoch said rather sarcastically, &#8220;I see you have the story on page one.&#8221; Evans acknowledged the story&#8217;s treatment, which prompted Murdoch to reply wryly, &#8220;Do you know where I would have placed the story?&#8221;  Roughly speaking as I remember the review, Evans said no and Murdoch turned to page 72 or thereabouts. &#8220;That&#8217;s where I would have put it.&#8221;</p>
<p>The anecdote seemed to be a signal that Evans knew he was on his way out as editor of the <em>Times</em>, then Britain&#8217;s most distinguished newspaper. My conclusion was that Evans would gloat some day when his judgment of Murdoch would be vindicated.  Well, Sir Harold, congratulations!</p>
<p>Anyone with half a brain knew all about Murdoch from the time he invaded all of journalism with his purchase of dozens of newspapers in the U.S. and Britain, but also television stations. It was inevitable because Murdoch has repeatedly demonstrated an absence of ethics, decency and integrity wherever his money has allowed him to make his presence felt. Moreover, it is a terrible irony that his grandfather, Sir Keith Murdoch, was one of Australia&#8217;s most distinguished journalists. His coverage of the battle for Gallipoli in 1915 ended with the dismissal of the British commander of troops there and brought Sir Keith international recognition and his elevation to become one of the most powerful journalists in the land down under as editor and/or publisher of the <em>Melbourne Age</em>.</p>
<p>Rupert Murdoch&#8217;s tenure in contemporary journalism may never be what it has been in the past several decades. But the nagging issue that has only been brushed over by journalists charged with reporting the Murdoch scandal is how he and his family never seemed to care about the qualifications of those people they hired, including Rebekah Brooks, who were handed the power and influence to render the boneheaded and embarrassing decisions that have been disclosed in recent days.  A journalism major could not have earned a university degree or gotten a job with those credentials. At least I hope so.</p>
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		<title>A Footnote to History</title>
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		<comments>http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile/2011/07/a-footnote-to-history/#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 17 Jul 2011 06:01:14 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<category><![CDATA[Francisco Villagran Kramer]]></category>
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		<description><![CDATA[The recent death of Francisco Villagran Kramer in Guatemala was reported in the New York Times on the back page. It was not considered major news outside his country. But to me, as a journalist at the time reporting on the bizarre and bloody politics of his country traceable to the ruling military junta that [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>The recent death of Francisco Villagran Kramer in Guatemala was <a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/07/16/world/americas/16villagran.html" target="_hplink">reported</a> in the <em>New York Times</em> on the back page. It was not considered major news outside his country. But to me, as a journalist at the time reporting on the bizarre and bloody politics of his country traceable to the ruling military junta that Villagran served as vice-president, it was.   </p>
<p>International human rights organizations thoroughly misunderstood his motive and in 1997, they helped to block an appointment he so wanted as a member of  the Inter-American Commission on Human Rights. He actually was a distinguished citizen and a lawyer, not a general. He truly was hopeful that his presence inside the government would serve as a brake on those who denied Guatemala the democracy he cherished. He failed though for  many years.he served his country with distinction, helping to defend the rights of the working class population.</p>
<p>The atmosphere in his otherwise beautiful country was overshadowed by the violence that characterized the nature of life under most dictatorships in Central America. As a freelance columnist for a political newsletter, I accepted an invitation to visit the country from an organization in Guatemala identified as the Freedom Forum. A public relations agency, representing it in Los Angeles, Deaver and Hannaford, arranged for the press tour. Its major work was in behalf of Governor Ronald Reagan. Believing that Reagan was a likely victor over President Jimmy Carter in the 1980 U.S. election, I wanted to determine the likelihood of  American foreign policy toward Guatemala and other military regimes in Latin America. </p>
<p>It did not take long to confirm my suspicion. Our hosts met us in Guatemala City at the airport dining room, all wearing political lapel buttons that read: <strong>DOWN WITH JIMMY CASTRO!</strong>, an intentional dig at Reagan&#8217;s target, President Jimmy Carter. The next evening, four blocks from the hotel, six civilians known to be critics of the military junta were murdered in cold blood. The following morning, a schoolteacher, who was a member of a labor union, was shot down, walking to her automobile. Both of her breasts were cut off.  The president of Francisco Marroquin University drove me and a half dozen other American reporters to his campus in an armored vehicle preceded by a sapper squad, checking for potential land mines in its path. Inside the wagon, accompanying us, were four armed men with sub-machine guns.</p>
<p>It did not take long to get the idea of the atmosphere that engulfed us. Paranoia about a threat from Communists was rampant.</p>
<p>Later that afternoon, we were tipped off about a protest rally by the student union at San Carlos University. It  was interrupted by what appeared were two policemen who made no secret of their identity.  Several students were shot by the armed men who were seized by the angry students. One was lynched, and the other doused with gasoline and set on fire.  The wounded students were rushed to a nearby hospital that soon after was torched by a group of soldiers. </p>
<p>That brought me to the home of Vice-President Villagran who had recently taken a leave of absence from his vice-presidency. Coincidentally, he was living under self-imposed house arrest in a home adjoining the hospital, angered as he was by the mounting violence toward critics of the junta.  Coincidentally, I was tipped off by a group of students who told me Villagran occupied an adjoining home.</p>
<p>I walked over and rang the doorbell and shortly thereafter, a maid appeared at the door with Villagran, a distinguished man in his late 40s. I identified myself and showed him my passport.  I explained that I was an American journalist and would like to interview him. He smiled and said in good English that &#8220;this is not the appropriate time.&#8221; But he indicated that if he had a telephone number, he would call me some day soon, almost as if he knew a time would come. I gave him a card and left..</p>
<p>Several months later, I received a surprise telephone call in Los Angeles from a woman in suburban Virginia who identified herself as Maria Eugenia Villagran. She said her father had been secreted out of Guatemala by friendly National Guardsmen, that her father had my phone number and would like to talk to me, because he had promised me some day that would happen. Villagran and I had a friendly conversation over the phone. I recalled that since our last brief meeting, Reagan had been elected as the next U.S. president and I wondered how the Guatemalan junta would react with a fellow conservative in the White House. Villagran laughed.  &#8220;Sr. Fromson, the difference is that in your country, conservatives are reasonable men. In ours, they are cavemen.&#8221;</p>
<p>The following afternoon, he held a news conference in Washington D.C. to announce his resignation as vice president.of Guatemala.</p>
<p>Villagran died at the age of 84 last Tuesday. His son was the former Guatemalan ambassador to the United States, and his daughter is the president of the Supreme Electoral College.</p>
<p>(My article, describing some of the central figures likely to emerge in a Reagan Administration, predicted how they might influence a hard line policy in Latin America. Editors of California  commissioned my report, but then decided against  publishing it and remunerated me with a &#8220;kill&#8221; fee after an internal debate over how it might be regarded by incoming members of a new leadership.)</p>
<p><em>Update: Villagran&#8217;s grandson, Javier Segura Villagran, responded to this post with a very nice <a href="http://murrayfromson.com/fromsonfile/2011/07/the-way-out/comment-page-1/#comment-4477">comment</a>:<br />
<blockquote>Dear Mr. Fromson.<br />
I would like to thank you for your response to the ny. times article about my grandfather, your article made more justice than what the research the nytimes did obviously they were limited to google on there research capability, the woman you said called you on the phone from virginia is now my mom, i have always admired my grandfathers convictions and determination he worked until the day he died. he was a true scholar and a man to follow, the family is putting together a publication of papers and articles that were never published and i would like to make sure you receive a copy. i really did enjoy reading your article.<br />
have a great week</p></blockquote>
<p></em></p>
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		<title>The Way Out</title>
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		<pubDate>Fri, 01 Jul 2011 20:53:57 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[At the Presidential news conference earlier this week, Barack Obama soberly dismissed his Republican torturers in a way that reminded old White House watchers of President Harry Truman who once took to a campaign train to whistle-stop across the country, ridiculing his “do-nothing” adversaries in the Congress. Of course, there always will be missing legislators [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>At the Presidential news conference earlier this week, Barack Obama soberly dismissed his Republican torturers in a way that reminded old White House watchers of President Harry Truman who once took to a campaign train to whistle-stop across the country, ridiculing his “do-nothing” adversaries in the Congress. </p>
<p>Of course, there always will be missing legislators to alibi that their absence from Washington is necessitated by the urgent need to visit their families or otherwise keep in touch with their contributors  in an approaching election year. It used to be called milking the cow.</p>
<p>This year, the Republicans, who aren’t running for president, are pre-occupied with finding ways to rail against Medicare and other social programs. That prompted the president to sarcastically challenge the Republicans to stop protecting their fat cats’ tax privileges. He ticked off  owners of corporate jets, who pocket an estimated three billion dollars over 10 years, and hedge fund managers whose  oil and gas tax credits net $21 billion. More than a week ago when he unveiled plans for a defense budget build-down that’s been on many arms control experts’ minds for more than a year.</p>
<p>Professor Gordon Adams, a veteran scholar who has studied defense budgets and arms control for a generation at American University in Washington D.C., wrote recently in the Washington Post that the President’s proposal  is to “reduce the projected U.S. national security budget by $400 billion over the next 12 years.” </p>
<p>As Adams <a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/panettas-challenge-slimming-down-the-pentagon/2011/04/29/AFUSG31F_story.html" target="_hplink">explained</a> it, the reduction “is being driven by concerns over deficits, debt and a declining interest in having the United States act as a global cop.” That’s what Americans want to hear in an era of hard times:  halting the outflow of U.S. dollars before more of the U.S. treasury is sucked dry in part by the idealistic notion of subsidizing democracies in parts of the world that clearly demonstrate  they do not have the stomach, the experience or the will for it.</p>
<p>Faced with devastating unemployment, saddled with bills to pay, bankruptcies or mortgages to cope with and medical  bills or illnesses to confront, it does not take much brain power to realize that the country is being exhausted, demoralized, and its national spirit sapped  by deficit spending.</p>
<p>Americans are desperate for change. They hunger for their imagination to be aroused  and their can-do energy to find its way back into the country’s bloodstream. If anyone can do that it would seem to be Barack Obama in much the same way as he demonstrated it in Chicago’s Lincoln Park and at the Democratic National Convention Center three years ago when he inspired the nation and accepted the nomination for President. </p>
<p>But he needs to bark or campaign once again, to call the nation to rally to his side, and it can’t  be done when so many Americans have been jobless for more than a year, when families are being forced from their homes and unfortunate children are facing the pressures of starvation and homelessness. Is this America? Of course not. At least it’s not the America I remember from my days of growing up in three different foster homes during the Great Depression. </p>
<p>There’s little doubt that the challenge is up to the President. He has it in his will and<br />
capacity to energize the Democrats and independents by demanding that the Republicans abandon  their gospel of tax cuts for the rich and hard times for everyone else. The GOP reveres them like the Holy Grail, which has to be put to rest once and for all.  Otherwise, it will come down to class warfare which is nothing less than an obscenity.</p>
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		<title>A Postscript From Japan</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 13 Apr 2011 05:31:27 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[A week ago when I described the Emperor and Empress of Japan and their visit to victims of the tragedy that struck their country I received an informative response from a Japanese friend; a widely-published writer. My initial impression as a GI during the U.S. occupation of Japan was that until the end of World [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A week ago when I <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/murray-fromson/japanese-emperor_b_843734.html">described the Emperor and Empress of Japan</a> and their visit to victims of the tragedy that struck their country I received an informative response from a Japanese friend; a widely-published writer.</p>
<p>My initial impression as a GI during the U.S. occupation of Japan was that until the end of World War II, the American public largely believed that Emperor Hirohito, the ruler of Japan, was to be regarded as a war criminal and should have been  hanged for the bombing of Pearl Harbor. But the successor to Hirohito, his son Akihito and wife, the Empress Michiko, proceeded to behave themselves, not only as much more modern than his father but more open to democratic ideas.  It illustrated Japan as a burgeoning democracy and noted that the royal couple was symbolic of the change.</p>
<p>It turns out that I was somewhat behind the times in my blog. My friend explained that the Emperor and his wife had visited shelters for the victims of other natural calamities more than ten times, first in 1991. The royal couple had been enthroned in 1989. Michiko is a commoner and a college graduate. Japan, I was told, apparently is so susceptible to earthquakes that it does not receive the kind of foreign news coverage that it did in the recent disaster when an earthquake, a tsunami and dangerous radiation leaks emerged from one of  the nearby damaged nuclear power plants not far from the ‘quake’s epicenter.</p>
<p>According to Fumiko Mori Halloran, the Emperor and Empress visited shelters on March 30 and April 8th and the Imperial Household Agency announced that the royal couple plans to visit as many shelters as possible without hindering relief efforts. Not only has the couple been briefed in detail, but their children, Crown Prince Naruhito and his wife, Masako and his younger brother, Prince Akishino and his wife Kiko have also begun to visit shelters. </p>
<p>At the height of the crisis, the Emperor and Empress opened their hospital to those in need in need of medical emergency. They also opened their hot bath facilities in their summer palace to a nearby shelter and they sent food “such as thousands of eggs, butter, cheese, other meats and vegetables to nearby shelters. To save electricity, they ordered electricity at the palace be turned off  for a few hours every day. They sometimes had dinner under flashlights or candles.”</p>
<p>I could go on with details Ms. Halloran said has come from the newspaper, Sankei Shimbun’s daily online <a href="http://sankei.jp.msn.com/" target="_hplink">homepage</a> in Japanese that also reports the imperial family’s daily schedule in English. On March 16, the emperor broadcast a  video message to appeal to the nation  to be united and overcome the national crisis. The newspaper reported that during their visits to shelters the current Crown Prince dressed informally, sat on mats on the floor and talked informally to make the victims feel comfotable.</p>
<p>This remarkable humanitarian effort is a contrast to the image of  confusion and indifference by the Japanese government that has permeated some of the foreign reporting throughout<br />
the current crisis.&#8221;</p>
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		<title>Akihito and Michiko</title>
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		<pubDate>Mon, 04 Apr 2011 06:10:44 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[Only those of us who served in the U.S./ Occupation of Japan in the 1950s might have shaken our heads after Thursday’s frontpage photos in the New York Times and Los Angeles Times that showed Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko consoling evacuees from the debacle that struck Japan last month. Prior to the ascendancy to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Only those of us who served in the U.S./ Occupation of Japan in the 1950s might have shaken our heads after Thursday’s frontpage photos in the <em><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03/31/world/asia/31japan.html">New York Times</a></em> and <em>Los Angeles Times</em> that showed Emperor Akihito and Empress Michiko consoling evacuees from the debacle that struck Japan last month.</p>
<p>Prior to the ascendancy to  the Royal throne after the death of Akihito’s father, Emperor Hirohito, the notion that commoners would ever have had a view of the Japanese ruler, let alone sit with him and his wife 60 years later and have a conversation with the God-like figure would have been unthinkable.  Throughout the Second World War, Hirohito was regarded by millions of Americans as a war criminal, responsible for the conflict that followed the Japanese bombing of  Pearl Harbor. His image appeared in photographs and editorial cartoons that mocked him. There even were demands in America for Hirohito to be hanged.</p>
<p>But times began to change once the U.S. Occupation took hold and General Douglas MacArthur served as commander in chief of American governance of the defeated Japanese. He decided to treat Hirohito with a peaceful reverence.  Hirohito was allowed to retain his position as Emperor and he and his wife lived in isolated Imperial splendor in their palace across the moat, directly in front of the Dai Ichi bank building which had become MacArthur’s headquarters. No question was left about who was in charge. It was no longer the Japanese military or the Emperor.</p>
<p>In 1951, I was a GI in Tokyo for the Armed Forces newspaper, Pacific Stars and Stripes, when Hirohito’s son, Akihito, then a teenager, passed me and lines of Japanese on the street, enroute to the Imperial Palace where he would formally be invested as Crown Prince and immediate heir to the throne in the event of his father’s death.  Having been introduced to a wealthy commoner named  Michiko Shoda at a tennis match, Akihito was reportedly smitten immediately. According to published reports later, the Crown Prince said that he had hit the ball to Michiko and she hit it back repeatedly.  He “immediately lost to her persistence.”</p>
<p>Nonetheless, no one ever took their friendship seriously because it would have been unthinkable to have a commoner placed on or near the throne.  In fact, the Imperial Household Agency had submitted a list of more than 800 suitable ladies of Imperial nobility who could be considered as the future Empress of Japan and Michiko Shoda was not on the list.</p>
<p>Nonetheless, she was a woman of considerable means and more than that, she was college-educated in Japan who also enrolled in classes at Harvard and Oxford.  She understood what it meant to surrender her independence. But in November 1958, she accepted Akihito’s marriage proposal and to the chagrin of his parents and the Imperial household, Michiko was ordained as Crown Princess.  Her influence on Akihito was striking. She insisted on raising their own children and she gave birth to three of them. The independent streak had gradually invaded the home of Imperial rule and it was symptomatic of democratic ideas that eventually began to take hold in all of Japan.</p>
<p>That’s what made Thursday’s photograph of the Emperor and Empress so striking to me. But the history behind that picture was totally ignored by American newspapers that published it, probably because most of the editors were either too young or just totally oblivious to the changes that gradually were underway in all of Japan more than a half century ago. </p>
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		<title>On Guns, MLK and Tucson</title>
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		<pubDate>Thu, 20 Jan 2011 15:45:20 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
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		<description><![CDATA[No sooner than the mourning for Christina-Tayloir Green had been put behind Tucson than we in Los Angeles were jolted by another incomparable episode of gun madness. The scene occurred on the grounds of Gardena High School, southwest of the central city. Police helicopters flew overhead. Detectives swarmed onto the school grounds, Several kids were [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>No sooner than the mourning for Christina-Tayloir Green had been put behind Tucson than we in Los Angeles were jolted by another incomparable episode of gun madness. The scene <a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/18/gardena-high-school-shoot_n_810505.html" target="_hplink">occurred</a> on the grounds of Gardena High School, southwest of the central city. </p>
<p>Police helicopters flew overhead. Detectives swarmed onto the school grounds, Several kids were handcuffed for questioning. It was like a scene from NYPD Blue, only this one was not in Hollywood. It was set by  a 17-year old boy, carrying a loaded 9mm Baretta handgun in his backpack. From what eyewitnesses said, he had placed his backpack down on a desk and a gun inside accidentally went off. Two 15-year olds: a boy and a girl were wounded. The girl was rushed to a nearby hospital where she underwent lengthy surgery, suffering from a skull fracture and brain trauma. The boy had been grazed in the neck by the same bullet. They were lucky. Unlike the nine-year-old girl in Arizona, they will survive. The names of the wounded students, as well as the boy with the gun, were momentarily withheld. Everyone involved claimed the shooting was an accident.</p>
<p>It occurred in mid-morning that several students described as a climate of fear. Everyone, it seems, was afraid of the persistent gang violence that has been present on the school grounds for some time. But why then did school authorities not deal with the problem forcefully and immediately? If the boy with the gun apparently was both afraid and angry, why didn’t his parents detect his fear and, moreover, how did the boy obtain the gun and from whom? Unanswered questions for sure.</p>
<p>The following day a school security guard was <a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-school-violence-20110120,0,5132547.story" target="_hplink">shot point blank</a> in the chest near a campus across town &#8211; in the San Fernando Valley. The bullet knocked the guard down and though a protective vest prevented the bullet from entering his body, the gunman got away. Nine schools in the Los Angeles Unified School District &#8212; the largest district in the country &#8212; were on lockdown for much of the day until the suspect was captured. </p>
<p>After reading accounts of these incidents, I endured the chills and a flashback of memory on the day after one commemorating the birthday of a man of peace; an apostle of non-violence who himself was destined to die some 50 years later. My thoughts went back to 1965 when I walked alongside Dr. Martin Luther King as a reporter on the March from Selma, Alabama.</p>
<p><span id="more-207"></span>What few people knew, including we reporters, was that a funeral hearse trailed behind the marchers, so fearful, his aides believed, that Dr. King could be the target of a would-be assassin. Understanding that I had just returned from an assignment in Vietnam for CBS News, he questioned me intensely about the effect of the war on individual soldiers, especially black GIs. His angst came full bore in 1967 when I was back in Vietnam and King chose to go public about his opposition to the war in a remarkable sermon he delivered at the Riverside Church in Manhattan. Many of his close advisors urged him to withhold  criticism of the war fearing it would divert attention from the civil rights campaign.  Worse yet, the sermon, delivered on April 4, 1967 indeed did rupture his relationship with President Johnson and closed King’s access to the White House. Ironically, it was.exactly a year to the day before James Earl Ray assassinated him in Memphis with a weapon he purchased in a gun shop.  </p>
<p>While more than a week has passed since the slaughter in Tucson, it struck me that on the anniversary of King’s birthday that remembers both his birth and death, Americans have tolerated for generations the mistaken belief that the Constitution guaranteed them the right to pack a gun.  That was not so originally. At the time of its writing, the Second Amendment  stipulated that “in the absence of a well-regulated militia” the people had the right to bear arms when the country was virtually defenseless. Today, our law enforcement apparatus in both the civilian and military aspects of our society. is enormous and well-defended.  Most of the crimes that occur in the United States are committed by individuals who have a gun illegally.</p>
<p>The gun may be a protector in time of an emergency, but historically because of its dramatic and illegal use, it has become a curse on American society. It needs to be regulated the way our cars and drivers’ licences are&#8211;to obtain one requires several tests. In order to purchase many medications, prescriptions first must be written by a licensed physician. But thanks to a steady and heavily financed campaign by the National Rifle Association, strict legislation is impossible.  The use of the gun is accepted almost philosophically by  presidents and politicians on Capitol Hill as well as office holders in state, county and city offices. Fear causes their timidity; fear that they will be the target of some gun nut or fear that it will cost them re-election when voters go to the polls. .  </p>
<p>Many Americans flock to our nation’s gun shows to salivate over the latest weapons they can take home “to protect” themselves. They accept the fraudulent notion that the Constitution guarantees Americans the right to carry a gun. Mind you, we are no longer talking about ordinary pistols, but killer guns like the Glock 19 that spew out dozens of bullets that on impact cause the kind of bodily damage that no television station, cable network or news will dare to show its viewers.  </p>
<p>The political power structure and the media have danced all around the issues that have made it possible for Jared Loughner to kill and nearly end the lives of a  crossection of innocents who had come to meet Congresswoman Gabrielle Gffords.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, ours is a country besieged by violence but engrossed as well by artificial violence. The central figures appearing in motion pictures and televised movies feature gun-wielding heroes and villains in which the winners take all. Movie trailers are laced with bang-bang to lure audiences into the following week’s screenings. Electronic games with the emphasis on violence are the most popular form of entertainment for our children and young adults.</p>
<p>In the wake of the Tucson tragedy, every expert on gun violence has been contacted by journalists from newspapers, television and radio stations, or cable talk show hosts to dissect  Loughner’s motivation.</p>
<p>Perhaps we have been so desensitized by violence that the war in Afghanistan has lost its meaning,  despite the fact that American lives are at stake every day. The notion has been remote or distant  to the majority of Americans. Like the wars&#8211; first in Vietnam and then Iraq&#8211; both of which were undeclared,  the  news coverage of day to day violence on the battlefield has been carefully sanitized on the 6:30 news which rarely shows the gore of war. </p>
<p>During the Vietnam war, I remember a kind of quiet self-censorship that was applied by editors at CBS News, and I’m sure the other national news networks. The rule of thumb was “use the wide shot, skip the tight shot.” </p>
<p>More recently Americans have gotten a detached view of the conflicts in Afghanistan and Iraq.  In our gun culture,  the notion persists that the owners would know how to use a gun if indeed they had one.. A whole lot of “cowboys” reinforce the myth.. Under normal circumstances, widespread statistics indicate that in the eventuality of a robbery, a holdup of  homes or businesses or an otherwise serious threat to their well-being, most gun owners would not have easy access to a weapon in their possession or easy access to one.</p>
<p>From personal experience, I would venture a guess that an overwhelming majority of Americans, from gun owners to ordinary homeowners or Arizona cowboys are clueless about the impact of the weapons in their hands or pockets.</p>
<p>Guns, guns and more guns is the crazy legacy for those who have fallen in Tucson.</p>
<p>I remember a particularly ghastly incident in Vietnam when U.S. Marines suffered heavy casualties because a battalion confronted by well-armed North Vietnamese had not been given instructions in how to clean the dust covers of their newly-arrived M-16 rifles. Dozens of Marines were killed because dust jammed their weapons.</p>
<p>The old myths are the legacy of those who have fallen in Tucson.</p>
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		<title>Guns, Blood and Truth</title>
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		<pubDate>Wed, 12 Jan 2011 17:29:04 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>Murray Fromson</dc:creator>
				<category />
		<category><![CDATA[Fox News]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Gabrielle Giffords]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gun control]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[guns]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jared Loughner]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[media]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vietnam]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[I have seen too much human blood spilled in my lifetime &#8212; of people I did not know &#8212; mostly in wartime. I was trained to use a rifle and a handgun at Fort Ord. California before shipping overseas as a GI. In self-defense, I killed Chinese soldiers in Korea. In Vietnam, I had to [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>I have seen too much human blood spilled in my lifetime &#8212; of people I did not know &#8212; mostly in wartime. I was trained to use a rifle and a handgun at Fort Ord. California before shipping overseas as a GI. In self-defense, I killed Chinese soldiers in Korea. In Vietnam, I had to write a letter of condolence to the parents of a gallant U.S. Army advisor who was killed a few feet away from me in a Vietcong ambush. Now, whenever I go to Washington, I make a point of visiting the Vietnam memorial to lay flowers aside the name of Captain Byron C. Stone, a West Point graduate, who was killed with three other advisors. He was the only son of an elderly couple in Mobile, Alabama. Nearly four years later, in the midst of the Tet Offensive, when it was still unclear that the Vietcong had been routed from Saigon, I kept a .38 caliber weapon alongside my bed as a protective measure in an apartment I shared with another journalist.  I kept the pistol until I returned home to the United States and then threw it in a garbage can. I did not feel comfortable having the weapon anywhere near my family. </p>
<p>Eventually, when two armed teenagers were killed in a high school gang fight in the San Fernando Valley, I chastised their parents in a broadcast I did in Los Angeles, citing the story of my experience in Vietnam. I also made a strong plea for gun control. The reaction was predictable. Dozens of angry letters came in from radio listeners. Two of them actually called me a fool. Others said I was just naïve, and a few threatened my life.</p>
<p>A decade or more later, the idea of gun control is still a hot button issue; out of reach and beyond  the will and courage of most politicians in the U.S. Congress or most state legislatures to face down one of the strongest and most endowed lobbies in history, the National Rifle Association.</p>
<p>The tragic events that unfolded last Saturday could alter the national discourse. The reporting of the past 72 hours or more has reminded us of  the other tragedies that have confronted us in our public and private lives since the assassinations of President John F. Kennedy, Martin Luther King and Robert F. Kennedy as well as the innocent victims of Columbine and Virginia Tech.  And the list grows. Now it is up to the most articulate figure in the land to put the national pain into some perspective; that man, of course, being the president of the United States.</p>
<p>From the horrific story in Arizona several positive symbols have emerged: first, the heroism of several unarmed people who had the courage to tackle and disarm the killer, Jared L. Loughner. Secondly, the team of surgeons who operated feverishly to save the life of Congresswoman Gabrielle Giffords, and finally, American newspapers that have published the story in enormous and riveting detail. The daily press ain’t dead yet.</p>
<p>Certainly, the reporting by <a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/topics/reference/timestopics/people/l/marc_lacey/index.html">Marc Lacey</a> of the <em>New York Times</em>, and journalists of the <em><a href="http://www.latimes.com/news/nationworld/nation/la-he-giffords-update-20110111,0,2466347.story">Los Angeles Times</a></em>, the <em><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/linkset/2011/01/09/LI2011010901020.html?hpid=topnews">Washington Post</a></em>, as well as other daily newspapers have given people across the country as complete a picture of the tragedy as anyone could possibly expect. The public may have forgotten that the talking heads of television and radio could not thrive without the newspapers that land on their laps every morning. The printed word, be it on paper or online or any other form of technological wizardry has helped to inform any American with the patience to read and understand the terrible story that has grabbed the nation’s conscience by the throat. </p>
<p>The confusing hypocrisy that always seems to have divided Americans is the issue of<br />
how we control the proliferation and use of guns. It is what almost every decent law enforcement officer in the land wants. I hesitate to use the commonly used phrase of gun control because that frightens  many office seekers like lead poisoning. Nontheless,the muffled debate until now is between those who want to end gun violence and are appalled by the tragedy in Tucson and those who equally are shocked , but fervently stick to their  constitutional right to own a gun; even among those who do not know how to use one. The debate always is the aftermath of a senseless massacre that has shocked the nation once again.</p>
<p>Unfortunately, the supporters of gun control automatically  want to silence the loudmouths on talk radio and television or dispense with Sarah Palin  In spirit, I understand them, but as a  First Amendment fanatic, I believe Beck, O’Reilly and Limbaugh have the right to voice their reckless or  cynical  points of view, however absurd they may be. Americans are entitled to hear and evaluate them, but NOT act on them as we might assume Jared Loughner did in attempting to assassinate Congresswoman Giffords. We do not know at this point what it was that affected the unstable gunman, but odds are that we will not be pleased by what we hear once Loughner agrees to testify in court. </p>
<p>The unanswered question is who is giving the purveyors of  their exaggerations and inflammatory language the means to pollute the air  waves?  After all, as consumers we deserve truth in packaging and should  know the names of the  principal owners of our television and radio networks. Of course, most Americans are wise enough to know already. Nonethless, it would be useful to be reminded of just who is making it possible to present the warped view of  American politics 24/7. We know it ain’t a Fox.  But it is in one sense, the well-heeled multi-billionaire who may be too embarrassed to admit he is the man  who makes it possible to peddle the poison on the Murdoch Television Network.</p>
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