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	<title>Comments for Network Ninja</title>
	
	<link>http://networkninja.co.za</link>
	<description>The Long Road to Cisco</description>
	<lastBuildDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 06:46:51 -0800</lastBuildDate>
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		<title>Comment on 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol by Deon Botha</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/cqbCz6Lkppo/</link>
		<dc:creator>Deon Botha</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 06:46:51 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=34#comment-472</guid>
		<description>Hi Jeff, 

After some searching I've uncovered this gem. 

"Cisco's implementation of spanning-tree is done, by default, at the VLAN level. Each VLAN runs its own instance of spanning-tree. This is called PVST (per-vlan spanning-tree). To support this, Cisco modified the bridge ID to include a 12-bit VLAN ID field in the bridge ID which is called the Extended System ID. The rationale for this was that the priority field did not need the granularity provided by a 16-bit field, but instead could get by with the top four bits of the field, leaving 12 bits to express a VLAN ID. This is consistent with the VLAN ID field in a dot1q frame, which also has a 12-bit VLAN ID field. This means then, that the priority bits have decimal values of 4096, 8192, 16384, and 32768. Using this form of the bridge ID means that priorities are always expressed as some multiple of 4096." 

This hopefully answers your question. 

Deon</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Jeff, </p>
<p>After some searching I&#8217;ve uncovered this gem. </p>
<p>&#8220;Cisco&#8217;s implementation of spanning-tree is done, by default, at the VLAN level. Each VLAN runs its own instance of spanning-tree. This is called PVST (per-vlan spanning-tree). To support this, Cisco modified the bridge ID to include a 12-bit VLAN ID field in the bridge ID which is called the Extended System ID. The rationale for this was that the priority field did not need the granularity provided by a 16-bit field, but instead could get by with the top four bits of the field, leaving 12 bits to express a VLAN ID. This is consistent with the VLAN ID field in a dot1q frame, which also has a 12-bit VLAN ID field. This means then, that the priority bits have decimal values of 4096, 8192, 16384, and 32768. Using this form of the bridge ID means that priorities are always expressed as some multiple of 4096.&#8221; </p>
<p>This hopefully answers your question. </p>
<p>Deon</p>

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		<title>Comment on 802.1D Spanning Tree Protocol by Jeff Harper</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/-hS2Be2L3C0/</link>
		<dc:creator>Jeff Harper</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 19 Feb 2010 04:39:50 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=34#comment-471</guid>
		<description>Great info, I've always wondered and have tried to research it, but why must the bridge priority be in increments of 4096?</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Great info, I&#8217;ve always wondered and have tried to research it, but why must the bridge priority be in increments of 4096?</p>

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		<title>Comment on Hot Standy Router Protocol (HSRP) by Telecom Testing Training Bangalore</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/IP76PYMfscg/</link>
		<dc:creator>Telecom Testing Training Bangalore</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Fri, 05 Feb 2010 06:40:09 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=44#comment-469</guid>
		<description>Thank you for the great web site - a true resource, and one many people clearly enjoy thanks for sharing the info, keep up the good work going....</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Thank you for the great web site &#8211; a true resource, and one many people clearly enjoy thanks for sharing the info, keep up the good work going&#8230;.</p>

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		<title>Comment on Open Shortest Path First – OSPF Fundamentals – DR and BDR by Satya</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/T3vDrQEp6wI/</link>
		<dc:creator>Satya</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Tue, 26 Jan 2010 16:19:36 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=486#comment-467</guid>
		<description>Superb explanation...good work...my best luck to u..</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Superb explanation&#8230;good work&#8230;my best luck to u..</p>

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		<title>Comment on Open Shortest Path First – OSPF Fundamentals – DR and BDR by MOS</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/Kwsy2WEktjQ/</link>
		<dc:creator>MOS</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Nov 2009 11:40:07 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=486#comment-461</guid>
		<description>excellent explanation mate 

cheers</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>excellent explanation mate </p>
<p>cheers</p>

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		<title>Comment on Gotta go see Wall-E by Kenny Spenny</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/fyForO8HNwg/</link>
		<dc:creator>Kenny Spenny</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 23:39:26 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=98#comment-460</guid>
		<description>Good stuff, bookmarked for further reading.</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Good stuff, bookmarked for further reading.</p>

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		<title>Comment on Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol by Deon Botha</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/iNOf2q9PFOI/</link>
		<dc:creator>Deon Botha</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 22:19:05 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=36#comment-459</guid>
		<description>Hi Duncan,

Thanks for taking the time to comment, I really appreciate it. 

Will look into the error. Thanks for pointing it out (big oops)! When I get some time again will load up a fixed image with the correction. 

Hope you have a good day and weekend on your side 

Deon</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Duncan,</p>
<p>Thanks for taking the time to comment, I really appreciate it. </p>
<p>Will look into the error. Thanks for pointing it out (big oops)! When I get some time again will load up a fixed image with the correction. </p>
<p>Hope you have a good day and weekend on your side </p>
<p>Deon</p>

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	<item>
		<title>Comment on Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol by Duncan</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/Vg6VIoxRK3o/</link>
		<dc:creator>Duncan</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sat, 14 Nov 2009 21:08:23 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=36#comment-458</guid>
		<description>Your BPDU TC bits are reversed. I checked several text sources and BCMSN v3.0 notes.


       STP 802.1D BPDU Flags (1 Byte)
       Bits  
        7  TC-Ack (TCA)   
        0  Topology Change (TC) 
    
                 7  6 5 4 3 2 1  0 
               +---+-+-+-+-+-+-+--+
           msb |TCA| | | | | | |TC|   lsb
               +---+-+-+-+-+-+-+--+

       RSTP 802.1w BPDU Flags (1 Byte)
       Bits  
        7  TC-Ack (TCA)  
        6  Proposal
        5  Port Role
        4  Port Role
        3  Learning
        2  Forwarding
        1  Agreement
        0  Topology Change (TC) 


Re your comment about plugging in and out of RSTP I had same problem with IP phones moving from port to port on an switch causing TCN and outage to all ports in vlan. Inserted "(config-if)# spanning-tree portfast" on all access ports and problem disappeared.
Portfast is required to define an edge port in RSTP.

From my BCMSN notes. 
Nice notes.
Thanks</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Your BPDU TC bits are reversed. I checked several text sources and BCMSN v3.0 notes.</p>
<p>       STP 802.1D BPDU Flags (1 Byte)<br />
       Bits<br />
        7  TC-Ack (TCA)<br />
        0  Topology Change (TC) </p>
<p>                 7  6 5 4 3 2 1  0<br />
               +&#8212;+-+-+-+-+-+-+&#8211;+<br />
           msb |TCA| | | | | | |TC|   lsb<br />
               +&#8212;+-+-+-+-+-+-+&#8211;+</p>
<p>       RSTP 802.1w BPDU Flags (1 Byte)<br />
       Bits<br />
        7  TC-Ack (TCA)<br />
        6  Proposal<br />
        5  Port Role<br />
        4  Port Role<br />
        3  Learning<br />
        2  Forwarding<br />
        1  Agreement<br />
        0  Topology Change (TC) </p>
<p>Re your comment about plugging in and out of RSTP I had same problem with IP phones moving from port to port on an switch causing TCN and outage to all ports in vlan. Inserted &#8220;(config-if)# spanning-tree portfast&#8221; on all access ports and problem disappeared.<br />
Portfast is required to define an edge port in RSTP.</p>
<p>From my BCMSN notes.<br />
Nice notes.<br />
Thanks</p>

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	<item>
		<title>Comment on It’s not the fax machine its t… by Deon Botha</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/boLCOZEySwI/</link>
		<dc:creator>Deon Botha</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2009 19:34:38 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=37#comment-457</guid>
		<description>Hi Issac, 

I value all visitors and input. The content on these pages is after all only study notes. 

I know as a web content creator though that I can't make everyone happy and serve pages to everyone through their preferred browsers. 

My main concern is to serve pages that at least remain readable to the following browsers: 

1. 	Firefox
2. 	Internet Explorer
3. 	Chrome
4. 	Opera
5. 	Safari
6. 	Mozilla
7. 	Konqueror
8. 	Playstation 3

Your choice web browser (Amaya) is to be honest not featuring at all in my top listed browsers (which is what my visitors use to access the network ninja) and as such not really on my radar of compatibility development.  

Sorry to disappoint. 

Deon Botha</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Hi Issac, </p>
<p>I value all visitors and input. The content on these pages is after all only study notes. </p>
<p>I know as a web content creator though that I can&#8217;t make everyone happy and serve pages to everyone through their preferred browsers. </p>
<p>My main concern is to serve pages that at least remain readable to the following browsers: </p>
<p>1. 	Firefox<br />
2. 	Internet Explorer<br />
3. 	Chrome<br />
4. 	Opera<br />
5. 	Safari<br />
6. 	Mozilla<br />
7. 	Konqueror<br />
8. 	Playstation 3</p>
<p>Your choice web browser (Amaya) is to be honest not featuring at all in my top listed browsers (which is what my visitors use to access the network ninja) and as such not really on my radar of compatibility development.  </p>
<p>Sorry to disappoint. </p>
<p>Deon Botha</p>

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	<item>
		<title>Comment on It’s not the fax machine its t… by "PBX Issac"</title>
		<link>http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/TheNetworkNinjaComments/~3/eEh4Elo918U/</link>
		<dc:creator>"PBX Issac"</dc:creator>
		<pubDate>Sun, 18 Oct 2009 18:38:25 +0000</pubDate>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://networkninja.co.za/?p=37#comment-456</guid>
		<description>"Nice article. I thought to let you know that ur site looks a bit messed up in the Amaya 10.0 web browser."</description>
		<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>&#8220;Nice article. I thought to let you know that ur site looks a bit messed up in the Amaya 10.0 web browser.&#8221;</p>

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