the table of elements

Physical properties of chemical elements and table according to the charges of atomic nuclei.

2022-03-20T02:41:00.003-07:00

classification of all known chemical elements

Dear Sirs!

I give some explanations to my work. The atomic nucleus model was developed in order to clarify the adjusted table of elements. Between lutetium and hafnium, the difference in atomic masses does not reach four units, while new elements with atomic numbers 72-75 are placed there. How can nucleons be packed in a nucleus so that it is drip and shell and with the necessary number of neutrons? Such a nucleus is obtained if alpha particles are placed in the surface layer, and only neutrons are inside the nucleus. In this case, in new chemical elements with numbers 72-75 inside the nucleus, the neutron can be replaced by a proton, and therefore the atomic mass of the elements between lutetium and hafnium will vary slightly. The model was obtained by considering the structure of the nuclei of atoms from heavy to light.

TABLE OF CHEMICAL ELEMENTS CONSTRUCTED ACCORDING TO THE CHARGES OF ATOMIC NUCLEI.

This article presents views on the classification of all known chemical elements, those fundamental components that make up the Earth and the entire Universe.

The innovation of this work lies in the fact that in the table of elements, built according to Mendeleev's law and Van den Bruck's rule, new chemical elements with atomic numbers 72-75 and 108-111 were supposedly identified, and it was also shown that heavy elements, starting from hafnium, the nuclei of atoms contain more protons than is generally accepted.

A model of the atomic nucleus has been developed, which explains the ratio of the number of protons to the number of neutrons. It is shown why there are more neutrons in the nucleus than protons. All table cells are filled.

If this table takes place, then I would like to name the groups of elements with numbers 72-75 and 108-111, the islands of Filipenka H.R.

Probably James Chadwick made a mistake when measuring the charges of atomic nuclei. More precisely, not an error in measurements, but in the fact that he agreed with the periodic table and the result obtained for platinum 77.6 was interpreted as a nucleus charge equal to 78, according to the table. For copper, the result was 29.3 - more than true by 0.3, for silver 46.3 is already less than true by 0.7, and for platinum it is less than "true" by only 0.6. The decrease is due to the screening of protons by each other during measurements. Therefore, for platinum with a charge of 78, the result should have been less than that obtained, or in other words, the platinum atom has a nuclear charge greater than 78 and equal to 82.

Let's build a model of the atomic nucleus. We know that there are protons and neutrons in the nucleus. In each subsequent element, there is more proton and several neutrons. Why? The volume grows faster than the surface. With alpha radiation, helium nuclei of approximately the same energies are emitted from the nucleus. Placing helium nuclei in the surface layer of the atomic nucleus, we obtain with some accuracy that the remaining neutrons are inside the nucleus. And the question is, can and when is the proton inside the nucleus. According to Mendeleev's law and Brook's rule, as well as the resulting model of the nucleus, a table of elements is developed.
physical table of elements

Platinum is numbered 82 in this table. Protons begin to be located inside the nucleus from 72 to 75 elements. Items not yet open. All cells are filled in the table.

DI Mendeleev does not have a table, but a complex chemical structure. Lanthanides and actinides, which should be arranged vertically according to their chemical properties, are located horizontally under the table in a "home" way. Brook's rule includes the periodic law and is more general.

Please repeat the experiment of James Chadwick in measuring the nuclear charge of the platinum atom. The charges of the copper and silver nuclei are beyond doubt. But according to this table of elements, built both according to Mendeleev's law and also according to van Brook's rule, starting with hafnium, the charges of nuclei can be 4 units more than is accepted today with the same mass. To set the regimes at nuclear power plants, it is probably important to know the true charge of the uranium nucleus.

Dmitry Ivanovich intuitively felt that there should be a table of elements, and not a complex structure, like his, but he probably did not have enough knowledge of the structure of the atom and the nucleus of an atom. Therefore, lanthanides and actinides are located horizontally. The rule of Van den Bruck, an amateur nuclear physics, turned out to be more general than the periodicity of Mendeleev and the calculations of quantum mechanics. A table, by definition, must have all the cells filled in according to a law or rule, and if you do not fill in any, there must be an explanation of this by this law or rule.

Therefore, the cells of the physical table were filled as at http://physicaltable.blogspot.com and unknown items numbered 72-75 and 108-111 appeared. Which demanded an explanation. When reviewing the results of measuring the charges of nuclei or atomic numbers by James Chadwick, I noticed that the charge of the platinum nucleus is rather equal not to 78, but tends to 82, which corresponds to the developed table. For almost 30 years I have been raising the issue of repeating measurements of the charges of atomic nuclei, since uranium probably has a higher charge than is accepted, but it is used at nuclear power plants.

Lithium and beryllium, depending on temperature, change the crystal lattice in much the same way as scandium and titanium. Which says about the correctness of our table of chemical elements.

Bibliographic list: 1.G.G. Filipenko. "Suspicious" areas in periodic table, "Technology and Science", No4, Moscow, 1990.

2.G.G. Filipenko. A model of the atomic nucleus is proposed, "Engineer", No4, Moscow, 1991.

3. Papers of Independent Authors 2005 Issue 1, pp. 172-183.

4.Physical table of elements. http://physicaltable.blogspot.com

for those who did not understand ... there is an error in the periodic table ... I do not know who made it by placing hafnium next to lanthanum ... hafnium according to atomic weight and the following elements should be in the table one line below ... then continuing with lanthanides after lanthanum fill the cells and we get that in the remaining 4 cells there are some not yet discovered new elements 72-75, presumably with the chemical properties of lutetium. Since the electrons corresponding to protons 72-75 will be distributed below the outer electrons of lutetium. Quantum mechanics does not take into account the structure and size of nuclei, so its conclusions are correct as long as the nucleus can be taken as a point.

Everything about the same applies to elements 108-111.
who placed hafnium next to lanthanum and when ...

hafnium and the elements following them should be a line below according to changes in atomic weights in the table of elements ... in the table of Mendeleev's times, after lanthanum, there is cerium... and why?

I can only assume that the seventy-second electron of the 72nd element should be located at lower levels compared to the outer ones, since the seventy-second proton replaces the neutron inside the nucleus. Based on my constructions. Therefore, the chemical properties of 72-75 elements will be the same as that of lutetium. In hafnium and in the elements following it, the nuclear charge increases by 4 units. It is interesting to look at the uranium decay curve into fragments. Uranium92 decays into barium and krypton. From uranium96 it is possible to derive the same barium and zirconium or lanthanum and yttrium, which lie closer to the maxima of the curve than barium and krypton or lanthanum and bromine ... the same ash, but more consistent with the distribution curve of fragments with the same chemical composition ... OF THESE EXAMPLES I CHECKED THE CORRECT CHARGE OF THE NUCLEUS OF A URANIUM ATOM equal to 96

I have the elements distributed in the long-period version of the table according to the charges of the nuclei so as to fill all the cells of the table

And how to distribute the isotopes of atoms according to the charge of the nuclei in the table.

isotopes could be placed to the right and left of the element in a table that would turn from a flat one into a volumetric one ... on the right, for example, with a larger number of neutrons and on the left with a smaller one ... and a certain body would be obtained from all elements and their isotopes ... like -So maybe some properties could be found for a system of all chemical elements ...

Henadzi Filipenka

Dmitry Ivanovich built a table according to atomic weight, and he was right, because. atomic weight characterized the element completely, so to speak. This characteristic implicitly included both the periodicity and the charge of the nucleus. But someone collected the lanthanides after him in one line and placed them below the table. And Mendeleev had cerium after lanthanum. Now after lanthanum there is hafnium, and this is a gross mistake because, according to the atomic weight, it, hafnium, should be located on the line below. Elements 72-75 and 108-111 are omitted, starting with hafnium, the charges of the nuclei have changed.

After Mendeleev, the era of quantum mechanics began and its periodicity fit beautifully for many elements. Then it turned out that the main feature of the element is the charge of the nucleus. Before you is a table built according to the charges of the nuclei of atoms.

Has the periodic table of elements been proven to be absolutely correct, or correct with some exceptions?

for example, if we build a table according to the charges of the nuclei of atoms, then we get for the elements following after lutetium the charges of the nuclei increased by 4 units ... 72-75 and 108-111 elements not yet discovered.

Band theory of a metal from the side of its crystal lattice.

2022-03-20T02:34:00.000-07:00

The main problem is that using X-rays, the types of crystal lattices of different metals were determined, and why they are such and not others is not yet known. For example, copper crystallizes in the fcc lattice, and iron in the bcc lattice, which, when heated, becomes fcc and this transition is used in heat treatment of steels.

Usually in the literature, the metallic bond is described as carried out through the socialization of the outer electrons of the atoms and does not possess the property of directionality. Although there are attempts (see below) to explain the directional metal bond since the elements crystallize into a specific type of lattice.

The main types of crystal lattices of metals are body-centered cubic; face-centered cubic; hexagonal close-packed. It is still impossible in the general case to deduce the crystal structure of a metal from the electronic structure of the atom from quantum-mechanical calculations, although, for example, Ganzhorn and Delinger pointed out a possible connection between the presence of a cubic body-centered lattice in the subgroups of titanium, vanadium, chromium and the presence of valence d-orbitals in the atoms of these metals. It is easy to see that the four hybrid orbitals are directed along the four solid diagonals of the cube and are well suited for connecting each atom with its 8 neighbors in a body-centered cubic lattice. In this case, the remaining orbitals are directed to the centers of the unit cell faces and, possibly, can take part in the bond of the atom with its six second neighbors. The first coordination number (K.CH.1) \ "8 \" plus the second coordination number (K.CH.2) \ "6 \" in total is \ "14 \". Let us show that the metallic bond in the closest packing (HEC and FCC) between a centrally selected atom and its neighbors, in the general case, is presumably carried out through 9 (nine) directional bonds, in contrast to the number of neighbors equal to 12 (twelve) the first (coordination number) ... The second (K.P. 2 \ '' 6 \ '' in total is \ '' 18 \ ''.

In the literature, there are many factors affecting crystallization, so I decided to remove them as much as possible, and the metal model in the article, let's say, is ideal, i.e. all atoms are the same (pure metal), crystal lattices without inclusions, without interstices, without defects, etc. Using the Hall effect and other data on properties, as well as calculations by Ashcroft and Mermin, for me the main factor determining the type of lattice turned out to be the outer electrons of the core of an atom or ion, which resulted from the transfer of some of the outer electrons to the conduction band. It turned out that the metallic bond is due not only to the socialization of electrons, but also to the outer electrons of the atomic cores, which determine the direction or type of the crystal lattice.

How did I start to build models of ideal single crystals of pure metals? Ideal crystals for getting away from dependence on lattice defects, impurities and other inclusions. Using simple examples, we will show that one bond for a diamond at a density packing 34% and coordination number 4 account for 34%: 4 = 8.5%. The cubic primitive lattice has a packing density of 52% and coordination number 6 accounts for 52%: 6 = 8.66%. For a cubic body-centered lattice, the packing density is 68% and coordination number 8 accounts for 68%: 8 = 8.5%. For a cubic face-centered lattice, the packing density is 74% and the coordination number 12 is 74%: 12 = 6.16% (!!!), and if 74%: 9 = 8.22%. For a hexagonal lattice, the packing density is 74% and the coordination number 12 is 74%: 12 = 6.16%, and if 74%: 9 = 8.22%. (!!!) Obviously, these 8.66-8.22% carry some physical meaning. The remaining 26% are multiples of 8.66 and 100% hypothetical packing density is possible with 12 bonds. But is such a possibility real? The outer electrons of the last shell or subshells of the metal atom form the conduction band. The number of electrons in the conduction band affects the Hall constant, the compression ratio, etc. Let us construct a model of an element metal so that the remaining, after filling the conduction band, the outer electrons of the last shell or subshells of the atomic core in some way affect the structure of the crystal structure (for example: for the bcc lattice-8 "valence" electrons, and for HEC and FCC -12 or 9). As a result of studying the lattices of chemical elements, we can say that the bcc lattices of light elements are formed by 8 bond electrons, and heavy 14 electrons of the atomic core. FCC lattices are formed by 9 bond electrons for light elements and 15 for heavy ones.

Then I began to fill the conduction band with external electrons. One of the remarkable features of the Hall effect is, however, that in some metals the Hall coefficient is positive, and therefore the carriers in them should apparently have a charge opposite to the charge electron. This property required clarification. Option one: a thin closed tube, completely filled with electrons except one. With such a filling of the zone, with the local movement of an electron, the opposite movement of the \ "place \" of the electron, which has not filled the tube, is observed, that is, the movement of a non-negative charge. Option two: there is one electron in the tube, therefore, only one charge, a negatively charged electron, can move. It can be seen from these two extreme variants that the sign of the carriers determined by the Hall coefficient should, to some extent, depend on the filling of the conduction band with electrons. Let us fill the conduction band with electrons so that the outer electrons of the atomic cores influence on the formation of a type of crystallization lattice. Let us assume that the number of external bond electrons on the last shell of the atomic core, after filling the conduction band, is equal to the number of neighboring atoms (coordination number) in the crystal lattice. It turned out that the metallic bond is due not only to the socialization of electrons, but also to the outer electrons of the atomic cores, which determine the direction or type of the crystal lattice. Let's try to connect the outer electrons of an atom of a given element with the structure of its crystal lattice, taking into account the need for directed bonds (chemistry) and the presence of socialized electrons (physics) responsible for the galvanomagnetic properties.

see the main part of the work on pages (in Russian and English) https://natureofchemicalelements.blogspot.com

I consider the main achievement of my work that the real first coordination number for atoms in single crystals of pure metals (fcc and geocrystalline lattices) was determined equal to 9. This number was deduced from the physical and chemical properties of crystals. About bond electrons in single crystals of metals, which determine the type of crystal lattice. For potassium, sodium, rubidium, cesium in the conduction band, 1 electron and 8 bond electrons each - the Hall constant is negative (in the conduction band, one electron from an atom), the type of bcc lattice ... each selected atom has 8 neighbors in the crystal lattice ... Nickel, copper, silver, platinum, palladium and gold have an fcc lattice ... crystallization requires 15 bond electrons from an atom ... let's look at nickel as an example 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d8 4s2 external electrons in total 16 (3p6 3d8 4s2) one went into the conduction band 15 entered into communication with neighboring atoms ... this one electron from the conduction band is checked by the Hall constant, if it is negative, then there are 1-2 electrons in the conduction band, and if it is positive, then more. Magnesium 2 electrons are bonded to the nucleus, 9 bond electrons (GEK) and one electron in the conduction band - Hall constant is negative, aluminum 2 electrons are bonded to the nucleus, 9 bond electrons (FCC) and two electrons in the conduction band - Hall constant is negative.

Let us summarize the results of the work. According to my constructions, for almost all metals, conduction electrons (their number), bond electrons, which mainly determine the type of crystal lattice and electrons associated with the nucleus, are determined, possibly with small errors. In metal crystals, atoms are united not only by the socialization of conduction electrons, but also by bond electrons, which were revealed in my work. In other words, the valencies of atoms in single crystals of some metals can be 15, 14, 9, 8 and probably less. In alloys, the valences of these atoms can most likely change downward. For some single crystal elements, I may be mistaken in counting bond electrons, which affect the formation of a particular type of crystal lattice. However, it seems to me that such a pattern exists.

Consider the most refractory and hardest metal, tungsten. The electronic configuration of its atom is [Xe] 4f 14 5d 4 6s 2. Of the 20 outer electrons, 14 are needed for bonds with neighboring atoms, and since the Hall constant is positive and equal to approximately unity, there are 2 electrons in the conduction band of tungsten. This means that 4 electrons from f or from d remain associated with the nucleus. But in order to be the hardest, tungsten needs to have both many bond electrons (14) and many electrons in the conduction band (6) for a strong metallic bond. Therefore, verification by experiment is required.

Band theory of a metal from the side of its crystal lattice. The conduction band, the valence electron band of the bond between atoms and the zone of the nucleus with the rest of the electrons.

Henadzi Filipenka

2022-01-17T06:19:00.001-08:00

https://zen.yandex.ru/media/id/5ff97bc2aed88a7c9be811b5/physical-properties-of-chemical-elements-and-table-according-to-the-charges-of-atomic-nuclei-619d00a391e7ec611b29192f

Physical properties of chemical elements and table according to the charges of atomic nuclei.

2017-12-20T01:25:00.001-08:00

Ladies and Gentlemen, I apologize for the cheap translation by Google.

2017-11-13T05:13:00.001-08:00

Abstract.

This article sets out the views on the classification of all known chemical elements, those fundamental components of which the Earth and the entire Universe consists.
The innovation of this work is that in the table of elements constructed according to the Mendeleyev’s law and Van-den- Broek’s rule, new chemical elements with atomic numbers 72-75 and 108-111 are supposedly revealed, and also it is shown that for heavy elements starting with hafnium, the nuclei of atoms contain a larger number of protons than is generally accepted. Perhaps the mathematical apparatus of quantum mechanics missed some solutions because the atomic nucleus in calculations is taken as a point.
All cells in the table are full. If this table takes place, I would like to name groups of elements with the numbers 72-75 and 108-111, the islets of Filipenka Henadzi.

2017-05-30T00:01:00.002-07:00

The rule of Van den Broeck, a lover of nuclear physics, turned out to be more general than Mendeleyev's periodicity and calculations of quantum mechanics. The table should be filled with all cells according to the law or the rules, and if somebody does not fill in, there should be an explanation of this by this law or rule. Therefore, the cells of the physical table were filled in both at http://matterdark-hfilipen.blogspot.com and unknown items with numbers 72-75 and 108-111 appeared. Which required explanation. When examining the results of measuring the charges of nuclei or atomic numbers by James Chadwick, I noticed that the charge of the core of platinum is rather not 78, but tends to 82, which corresponds to the developed table. For nearly 30 years I have raised the question of the repetition of measurements of the charges of atomic nuclei. Uranium is probably more charged than accepted, and it is used at nuclear power plants.

the table of elements

2016-02-15T02:55:00.003-08:00

H
1

He
2

Li
3

Be
4

B
5

C
6

N
7

O
8

F
9

Ne
10

Na
11

Mg
12

Al
13

Si
14

P1
5

S
16

Cl
17

A
1

K
19

Ca
20

Sc
21

Ti
22

V
23

Cr
24

Mn
25

Fe
26

Co
27

Ni 28

Cu
29

Zn
30

Ga
31

Ge
32

As
33

Se
34

Br
35

Kr
36

Rb
37

Sr
38

Y
39

Zr
40

Nb
41

Mo
42

Tc
43

Ru
44

Rh
45

Pd
46

Ag
47

Cd
48

In
49

Sn
50

Sb
51

Te
52

I
53

Xe
54

Cs
55

Ba
56

La
57

Ce
58

Pr
59

Nd
60

Pm
61

Sm
62

Eu
63

Gd
64

Tb
65

Dy
66

Ho
67

Er
68

Tu
69

Yb
70

Lu
71

?
72

?
73

?
74

?
75

Hf
76

Ta
77

W
78

Re
79

Os
80

Ir
81

Pt
82

Au
83

Hg
84

Tl
85

Pb
86

Bi
87

Po
88

At
89

Rn
90

Fr
91

Ra
92

Ac
93

Th
94

Pa
95

U
96

Np
97

Pu
98

Am
99

Cm
100

Bk
101

Cf
102

Es
103

Fm
104

Md
105

No
106

Lr
107

2015-12-06T01:23:00.002-08:00

And you can arrange the items in the table to perform, and laws and regulations, and so that the number of elements have not changed?
Yes possible if lanthanides placed in a column under lanthanum, hafnium and lutetium will follow already horizontally. Also done with actinides, but the table turns ugly.
Build a simple graph of the results Chadwick, we see that for platinum he was to receive a charge equal to the value of about 80.
Therefore, the charge of the nucleus of platinum and close to it the elements to check.

About the table of elements: slightly revised table of the elements

2015-09-26T07:18:00.001-07:00

About the table of elements: slightly revised table of the elements: slightly revised table of the elements

2015-09-15T23:20:00.003-07:00

Our philosophy is that you can not describe the nature of the mathematical one hundred percent confirmed. But the aims, of course, to such a description is necessary.

2015-08-25T08:35:00.003-07:00

In quantum mechanics, the default for each subsequent element nuclear charge increases in the center unit, and the filling is spdf-electron configurations. We have a nuclear charge is on the surface, because the number of protons and number of neutrons in the nucleus such that on the surface of the kernel should be protons and neutrons, and neutrons inside only, that is, on the surface of the nucleus formed some shell. In addition, protons must build, as well as their e-coat attracts. The question can be considered in the calculation of the core point and for how long?

2015-06-21T07:29:00.003-07:00

Of course, the table of the elements has not changed, but perhaps it is important to know the true charge of the atomic nuclei of uranium and plutonium used in nuclear power plants.

2015-03-16T11:11:00.003-07:00

If the nuclear model of the atom shell, when determining the charge of the nucleus was considered one proton shielding others. In charge of the nucleus of copper Chadwick received equal 29,3- protons still not much more protons in silver, and the measured charge is 46.3 which is less than 47, and for platinum experiment gave a result of 77.4 or less than 78.

In platinum in the nucleus of many protons there is more screening and in my charge in 82 points more untrue. See the table below.

2015-03-10T05:46:00.003-07:00

It is shown that the charge of the nucleus of the atom is mainly focused on the core surface.
In quantum physics calculations are performed based on the fact that the electron and proton represent a point. Once we assume that the proton and construct a balloon force fields, we can see that these particles are not only attract, but they can also be repelled. And no longer will need to balance the electrical attraction rotation of the electron around the nucleus at a tremendous speed.

2015-02-26T03:40:00.003-08:00

Therefore, and asked to repeat the experiments Chadwick on platinum or on the cheaper lead.

2014-10-13T09:58:00.000-07:00

These new chemical elements 72-75 is difficult to discover through chemical properties, as if in its nucleus starts filling the inner casing protons from 1 to 4 then corresponding to these protons, electrons will be closest to the core.
Therefore, and asked to repeat the experiments Chadwick on platinum or on the cheaper lead. If the charge of the nucleus would lead to 4 points more, you can search for items 72-75. I think that the chemical properties of the 71 will be the same as the room 75.

Beginning with Hafnium in the nuclei of elements changes the number of protons and neutrons, respectively, compared with the conventional today.

2014-09-27T05:49:00.001-07:00

Elements (71) are located in the matrix table, do the elements numbered 72, 73, 74, 75 does not exist? After all, to comply with the periodic law at the location of the following items, you must make the pass (islet) cells.
Beginning with Hafnium in the nuclei of elements changes the number of protons and neutrons, respectively, compared with the conventional today.

now i am 66 years old

2014-06-01T21:43:00.002-07:00

2012-08-16T09:14:00.000-07:00

References: Hehadzi Filipenka “Engineer” Moscow N4 1990 , N4 1991

Dutch scientist Antonius Van den Broek

2011-12-30T06:04:00.000-08:00

Dutch scientist Antonius Van den Broek
In 1914, the disposal of physicists and chemists came direct way to determine the position of the element in the periodic table - Henry Gwyn English physicist Moseley Jeffries found that the root of the frequency characteristic X-ray radiation is linearly related to the integer value - the atomic number, which coincides with the item number in the periodic table. The law allowed Moseley to experimentally confirm correct positioning of elements, including radioactive isotopes in the periodic table, also confirmed the validity of the retreat in some cases the order of items on the order of increasing atomic mass (the so-called anomalies in the periodic table). That is the atomic number, which coincides, as suggested by the Dutch scientist Antonius Van den Broek, with the magnitude of the positive charge on the nucleus of the atom, became the basis for classification of chemical elements. In 1920 the English physicist James Chadwick experimentally determined the nuclear charge of copper silver and platinum, obtaining for them the values of 29.3, 46.3 and 77.4, respectively, which almost coincided with their atomic numbers 29, 47 and 78.
Rutherford in 1911 proposed his nuclear model of the atom in the center of the atom is positively charged nucleus, whose volume is negligible compared to the size of an atom, electrons revolve around the nucleus, which number approximately equal to half the atomic mass of an element. Rutherford's atomic model with the undoubted merits contain important contradiction: in accordance with the laws of classical electrodynamics, an electron orbiting the nucleus should continuously emit electromagnetic radiation, losing energy. As a result, the radius of the electron orbit would decrease rapidly, and calculated from these views, the lifetime of the atom is negligible. However, Rutherford model was the basis for a fundamentally new theory, developed in 1913 by Danish physicist Niels Henrik David Bohr.

Thank you for taking the time to read my work!the table can say this-there are elements in accordance withthe number of protons and neutrons, and because Element 71 is located in all cellsthe long version of the table and to place the following in accordance with lanthanides and also the periodic law is needed in this table to put down some new elements with the numbers 72,73,74,75. here and suspicion.with atomic weights of all convergent but the number of protons and neutrons may be different. see here-
http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/5023.html

the table of elements

2009-05-05T01:05:00.000-07:00

Each subsequent element is different from the previous view that its nucleus the number of protons increases by one, and the number of neutrons increases, in the general case for a few. That is, the kernel is always more neutrons than protons (not counting the very light nuclei). In the literature it is strange the ratio of neutrons to the number of protons, for any kernel, nothing is explained. To build a model of atomic nuclei we note that while the alpha radioactivity of helium nuclei have approximately equal energy. Therefore, on the outer envelope of the kernel will place all of the protons with the same number of neutrons, ie at one energy level can only bosons, which located on the outer envelope of the nucleus and the alpha particles are. Inside the nucleus putting the remaining neutrons, whose task will be the weakening of electrostatic repulsion of protons fields. Assuming a spherical nucleus, and the radii of protons and neutrons of about the same, for any element was the kernel model to explain the ratio of neutrons to the number of protons, derived from the package kernel atom nucleons. (Mismatch 0-10%). Radioactive decay is probably associated with the compression of the nucleus, because with the growth of the sequence number of neutrons an element of the kernel becoming increasingly weakened radial repulsive force of protons. If the mass of the nucleus to take primary and secondary chemical properties of the atom, the table of elements atomic weight should be monotonically changed, both horizontally and vertically. Building the table on these grounds, we are forced, after lutetium and Lawrence left four empty seats, so that the chemical properties of elements. Perhaps, at the opening of the need to become the definition of the charge of the nucleus! (Charge of the nucleus is determined only for copper and platinum). See the table on the site - http://www.sciteclibrary.ru/rus/catalog/pages/5023.html