The Nepal essay

First term Model Question of H.P.E

2020-06-05T22:33:00.002+05:45

First-term Model question of HPE of class seven

1) What is the aim of physical education?
The aim of physical education is to prepare a physically, mentally, socially, and emotionally fit citizen through physical exercise.
2) What are the joints? List any three of them.
Joints are the structure of a body where two or more bones are held together to perform various movements. Any four types of joints are given below:

Moveable joints
Immoveable joints
Semi-moveable joints

3) What is homeostasis?
The balance created in our body by working together of many systems is called homeostasis.
4) What are the precautions for Vajrasana?
A person who is suffering from joints pain should not perform Vajrayana.
5) Write two-two functions of the skeleton system, Muscular system, and urinary system.
They are:
I) Skeleton system

It helps to protect the internal parts of our bodies.
It helps in the formation of red blood cells.

II) Muscular system

It helps to prevent from injury.
It helps to lift objects.

II) Urinary System

It helps to filter blood and water.
It helps to release the excess amounts of water from our body in the form of urine.

6) What is micturition?

The process of releasing the access amount of water from our body in the form of urine is called micturition.

7) What is digestion?

The complex process to break down food and change in the nutrient is called digestion.

8) List any four organs involved in digestion?

Any four organs involved in digestion are given below:

Mouth
Throat
Food pipe
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine

9) List any four organs involved in respiration?

Any four organs involved in respiration are:

Kidney
Ureters
Urinary bladder
Urethra

10) Define personal hygiene?

The healthy habits which help to prevent from different diseases are called personal hygiene.

11) Why personal hygiene is important?

Personal hygiene is important because of the following reasons:

To prevent from different diseases.
To be healthy.
To look smart etc.

12) List any two ways to take care of the eyes.

Any two ways to take care of the eyes are given below.

Don't play with sharp objects near your eyes.
Avoid wearing contact lens while swimming.
Don't put salt in your eyes.

13) List any two ways to take care of the ear.

Any two ways to take care of ear are given below:

Avoid listening loud music.
Don't put oil in the ear.

14) List any two ways to take care of the nose.

Any two ways to take care of the nose are given below:

Avoid pulling hair forms nostrils.
Avoid keeping small objects inside the nostrils.

15) What are the different types of colons? List them

The different types of colons are given below:

Ascending colon
Descending colon
Transverse colon
Sigmoid colon

16) What are nephrons?

Nephrons are the tiny filters presents in our kidney.

17) How many types of bones are there? List them

There are four types of bones. They are given below:

Long bone
Short bone
Flat bone
Irregular bone

18) What is alcohol?

Alcohol is a clean and clear liquid prepared by processing different types of food, grains, herbs, etc.

19) What is smoking?
The inhale and exhale of the smoke of tobacco by rolling it in a paper is called smoking.
20) What are drugs?
Drugs are chemical substances that alter our life process.
21) What are the measures to keep our body healthy?
Drink sufficient amount of water.
Take a balanced diet regularly.
22) What are the reasons for consuming alcohol?
The reasons for consuming alcohol are given below:

Peer pressure
Curiosity
To relax
Part of culture

23) List the preventive measures of drugs.
The preventive measures of drugs are given below:

Avoid peer pressure.
By public awareness etc.

24) What is physical education?
The education which helps to achieve physical, mental, and emotional health is called physical education.
25) Write any two importance of yoga?
Any two importance of yoga are given below:

It helps to focus on the mind.
It helps to cure constipation.

26) Write any two benefits of Vajrasana.
Any two benefits of vajrasana are given below:

It helps to release stress.
It helps to cure constipation.

27) Draw a well-labeled diagram of the digestive system.

Draw the well-labeled diagram of the Respiratory system.

Draw the well-labeled diagram of the Urinary system.

About HIV/ADS

Types of Computers

2020-06-04T22:53:00.003+05:45

Types of Computers

There are different types of computers all over the world. In this world, we can get many computers from small to big. Many computers of different types are being developed in this modern world. These computers are classified according to their shape, size, purpose, and speed. On the basis of purpose, computers are classified into two types. They are given below.

General-purpose computers
Special purpose computer

I) General Purpose Computers

Those computers which are designed to perform the different tasks are called general-purpose computers. These computers can perform more than single tasks. Some of the examples of general-purpose computers are microcomputers such as laptops, PCs notebooks, etc. These types of computers contain a general-purpose operating system. These computers are mainly used for:

Creating documents
Graphics designing
Differents calculations
Data processing
Communications etc

II) Special purpose computers

Those computers which are designed to perform single or specific tasks are called special-purpose computers. These types of computers are also called dedicated computers. These types of computers have limited are applications. Special types of computer applications are not programmable by the users. These types of computers may or may not contain operating systems. Some of the examples of special-purpose computers are washing machines, self-driven cars, etc. These computers are mostly used for:

Weather forecasting
To withdraw money from ATM etc

Now, according to the working principle of computers can be categorized into three types. They are given below:

Analog computers
Digital computers
Hybrid computers

Analog Computers

The word "analog" means continuously changing in quantity. Those computers which work with analog signals are called analog computers. Analog computers are also known as special-purpose computers because they can perform only one particular task. These types of computers produce approx results instead of the exact results. The analog computers are based on the analog mechanism so they solve problems by using continuously changing data such as temperature, pressure, speed, etc. Some of the examples of analog computers are speedometer, analog watch, seismograph, etc.

Uses of analog computers are

It is used to measure speed, temperature, etc.
It is used for measuring physical quantities.
It is used to measure the heartbeats of a person.

Digital Computers

The word "digital means discrete on/off or discontinuous form of data. Those computers which use digital signals to perform the task are called digital computers. Digital computers perform tasks by using binary digits 0 and 1. Most of the computers which we use are digitals computers. These types of computers produce exact results. Some examples of digitals computers are laptops, personals computers, mobile phones, etc. Digital computers are mostly used for:

Education
Business
Entertainment
Official work etc

Hybrid Computers

Those computers which can use both analog and digital data or signal are called hybrid computes. These types of computers can perform the tasks of both analog and digital computers. It has the speed of analog computers and the memory and accuracy of digital computers. Computers used in hospitals, scientific labs, jet planes, etc are some of the examples of hybrid computers. Hybrid computers are mostly used for:

Measuring heartbeats in hospital
Scientific research
Weather forecasting
Monitoring satellites etc.

Types of Digital Computers

Microcomputers

Microcomputers are general-purpose, small-sized computers which use a microprocessor as their CPU. These computers are single-user computers. They consist of CPU, input devices, output devices, storage units, and software. Microcomputers are the single-user computer because they are designed to be used by one person at a time. Microcomputers support networking environment, internet system, advanced software, therefore, they are used most of the fields such as business, education, etc. Nowadays microcomputers are being most popular in students because of their reduced sized and low price in comparison with other computers. Some of the examples of the microcomputer are IBM PC, apple mac, laptops, etc.

Minicomputers

Minicomputers are medium-sized computers which are bigger than microcomputers and smaller than mainframe computers. They are more power full than microcomputers and have higher processing speed and also have higher costs than microcomputers. Minicomputers are multiuser computers. These computers are mostly used as server computers in the network and hundreds of personal computers can be connected with it. So many users can these computers at the same time. The mini-computers are mostly used in universities, business organizations, and many fields. Some of the examples of minicomputers are VAX, PDP-II, etc.

Mainframe computers

Those computers which are more powerful and have higher processing speed, larger storage capacity, and expensive than micro-computers and mini-computers are called mainframe computers. They have multiple processors So, that thousands of people or users can use single mainframe computer. These computers are used in systems such as business data processing, airlines, credit card processing, etc. Mainframe computers are used as server computes on the world wide web. (WWW). Some of the examples of mainframe computers are IBM1401, CDC6600,(Control data cyber). etc.

Super Computers

Supercomputers are the most powerful computers in all over the world. These computers are used to process large amounts of data to solve complex and complicated problems such as weather forecasting, automobiles designing, etc. They are used in flight management, Intensive care unit, Echocardiogram in hospitals, etc. Some of the examples of supercomputers are CRAY-2, ETA-10, etc.

Types of Microcomputers

I) Desktop Computers

II) Laptop Computers

III) Handheld Computer

I) Desktop Computers

Those computers are designed to fit on the desk are called desktop computers. Desktop computers are the most commonly used computers in all over the world. Desktop computers are mostly used in offices and schools. Desktop computers are mostly used for graphics designing, document preparation, etc.

II) Laptop Computers

Those computers which can be kept on the lap on of the users are called laptop computers. Laptop computers are small in size than desktop computers and it is portable to carry everywhere. Laptop computers are operated by using the rechargeable battery so they can be used everywhere even there is no electricity. They contain a built-in keyboard for typing and a built-in touchpad as a pointing device.

III) Handheld Computers

Those computers which can be easily held on the palm of one hand and can be operated by the other hand are called handheld computers. These computers are also known as a palmtop computer or mini notebook computers. These computers are being popular in all over the world because of their reduced size and low cost. Some of the examples of palmtop computers are given below:

I) Personal Digital Assistance (PDA)

II) Cellular Phones

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About Ṁeasurement

2020-05-26T21:01:00.001+05:45

Measurement

Ṭhe Comparision of an unknown quantity with the known standard quantity is called measurement. The branch which deals with the study of measurement is called metrology.

Importance of measurement

Measurement is important to cook food.
It is important to buy and sell goods.
It is important to construct roads, bridges, etc.
Measurement is important to sew clothes.
Measurement is important to perform scientific research in their calculation.

Physical quantity

Those quantities which can be measured are called physical quantities. There are two types of physical quantities. They are:

Fundamental physical quantity.
Derived physical quantity.

Fundamental physical quantity

Those physical quantities which do not depend on other quantities are called fundamental quantities. There are only seven fundamental quantities. They are given below:

No.	Fundamental Physical Quantities
1.	Length
2.	Mass
3.	Time
4.	Temperature
5.	Electricity
6.	Luminous intensity
7.	Quantity of matter

Length

Length is the shortest distance between any two points. The S.I unit length is Meter (M). It can be measured by using measuring tape.

Mass

The total amount of matter contained in a body is called mass. The S.I system of measurement is Kilogram. Mass can be measured by using beam balance. Mass is not affected by gravity.

Time

The duration or intervals between any two events is called time. Its SI units are second. Time can be measured by using different watches.

Derived Physical quantity

Those quantities which depend on other quantity are called derived physical quantities. They are more in number. Some of the examples of derived physical quantities are area, volume, density, perimeter, power, etc.

Weight

Weight is the force of gravity exerted in a body. Its S.I unit is Newton. It can be measured by using a spring balance. It is affected by gravity.

System of measurement

The most commonly used system of measurement is given below.

M.K.S system of measurement
F.P.S system of measurement
C.G.S system of measurement

M.K.S system of measurement

The system of measurement in which length is measured in meter, mass is in kilogram, and time is in second is called the M.K.S system of measurement. It is also called the metric system of measurement.

F.P.S System of measurement

The system of measurement in which length is measured in the foot, mass is in the pound, and time is in second is called the F.P.S system of measurement. It is also called the British system of measurement.

C.G.S system of measurement

The system of measurement in which length is measured in centimeter, mass is in gram, and time is in second is called C.G.S system of measurement. It is also called the french system of measurement.

S.I system of measurement

The extended version of the M.K.S system of measurement and which is accepted by all over the world is called the S.I system of measurement.

Unit

The standard reference which is used to measure physical quantities is called unit. There are two types of units. They are given below

Fundamental unit
Derived unit

Fundamental unit

Those units which do not depend on other units are called fundamental units. There are altogether seven fundamental units. They are given below with their fundamental physical quantities.

No.	Fundamental Physical Quantities	Unit
1.	Length	Meter(M)
2.	Mass	Kilogram (Kg)
3.	Time	Second (S)
4.	Temperature	Kelvin (K)
5.	Electricity	Ampere (A)
6.	Luminous intensity	Candela (Cd)
7.	Quantity of matter	Mole (mol)

Derived units

Those units which depend on other units are called derived units. Derived units are more in number. Some of the examples of derived units are listed below with their derived physical quantities.

No.	Derived Physical Quantities	Unit
1.	Area	Square Meter
2.	Volume	Cubic Meter
3.	Density	Kilogram per cubic meter
4.	Force	Newton
5.	Work and energy	Joule
6.	Power	Watt
7.	Pressure	Pascal

Difference Between

Fundamental physical quantities and Derived physical quantities

No.	Fundamental Physical Quantities	Derived Physical quantities
1.	Those physical quantities which do not depend on other quantities are called fundamental physical quantities.	Those physical quantities which depend on other quantities are called derived physical quantities.
2.	There are altogether seven fundamental physical quantities.	Derived physical quantities are more in numbers.
3.	The unit of fundamental physical quantities is also called a fundamental unit.	The unit of derived physical quantities is also known as a derived unit.
4.	Example: Mass, length, electricity, etc	Examples: force, speed, power, work, etc

Fundamental unit and Derived unit

No.	Fundamental Unit	Derived Unit
1.	Those units which do not depend on other units are called fundamental units.	Those units which depend on other units are called derived units.
2.	There are altogether seven fundamental units	Derived units are more in numbers.
3.	Example: Kilogram, meter, second, ampere, etc.	Examples: square meter, cubic meter, kilograms per cubic meter, etc.

Mass and weight

No.	Mass	Weight
1.	The total amount of matter contained in a body is called mass.	The force of gravity exerted in a body is called weight.
2.	The S.I unit of mass is Kilogram.	The S.I unit of weight is Newton.
3.	It is a fundamental physical quantity.	It is a derived physical quantity
4.	It is not affected by gravity.	It is affected by gravity.
5.	It can be measured by using beam balance.	It can be measured by using a spring balance.

Development

2020-05-20T22:52:00.001+05:45

Development

Development is the dynamic process that creates positive growth and progress in an individual society, community, and the whole nation. Day by day our society and nation is developing in various sectors like technology, medicine, farming, communication etc. Human life became more easier and comfortable due to the development in various sector. A society should utilize their means and resources properly to run their developmental works properly and smoothly. Resources provides us raw materials, manpower, and finance which helps in the development progress. These resources can be divided into three categories. They are:

Natural Resources
Human Resources
Financial Resources

1. Natural Resources

Those resources which we found in the nature are called natural resources. It is a great gift of the nature. Some of the examples of natural resources are iron, air, water, forests, wild lives, hills, mountains, sunlight, minerals etc.

2. Human Resources

Human resources are the man powers, intellectual ability, labour, skills etc of people. Every nations want to give proper education and knowledge to the people to produce skilled human resources. Human resources are the major factors which affects the development of the country. Without skilled human resources, a country cannot develop it self properly. Lack of skilled human resources is the main reason of slow development in many countries.

3. Financial Resources

As we all know that the word finance is related with money means, financial resources are the capital, currency, financial system etc. The country which has a good financial status develops more easily, quickly and effectively. So, it is also one of the major factors which affects the developmental works of the country. This is the factor which helps to determine the country whether country is developed, developing or under developed countries.

There are the three types of countries according to development ratio. They are:

Developed Countries
Developing Countries
Under developed Countries

1. Developed Countries

Those country which have strong economy, technologically advanced infrastructure and high HDI is called developed countries.

2. Developing Countries

Those countries which are improving their economy, technology and HDI is called developing countries.

3. Under Developed Countries

Those countries which have weak economy, less developed technologically and low HDI is called under developed countries.

Needs or importance of development

It makes the life of human beings more easier and comfortable.
It helps to fulfills the basic needs of human beings.
It helps to make the countries self dependent.
It helps to convert traditional thoughts towards modern thoughts.
It helps to develop fields like technology, agriculture, industries etc.
It helps to utilize natural resources properly.
It helps to do complex works in easier way.
It helps to do any works in short period of time etc.

Some ways to develop Countries or nation

By investing more in a particular nation.
By producing skilled human resources by giving proper education to the people.
All people of the nation should participate in the developmental works.
By utilizing natural resources properly.
By creating more opportunity in the nation.

Network Topology

2020-05-19T09:58:00.001+05:45

Network Topology

Topology is the layout of how a network communicates with different devices. Network topology is the interconnection pattern of computers or elements in the network. If you are thinking without internet, it is impossible to transfer data then you are wrong. Without Internet also we can transfer our data from one computer to another computer by the help of network topologies. There are different types of topologies. Some of the common topologies are described below.

Bus Topology

Bus topology is the type of topology in which all the computers or devices are connected with a single cable called bus or trunk. Bus or common cable is connected with the terminater at the both ends which helps to terminate data. In this topology, all the devices are connected through nodes to the common cable or bus. Each nodes or devices communicate to other devices or node through common cable or bus.

Advantages of Bus topology

It is cheaper and easy to install than other topologies.
The failure of one devices does not effects the other devices.
Multiple nudes can be installed easily or without any difficulty.
The cable length required for this topology is least compared to other topologies.
It is more flexible.
It is easy to use.

Disadvantages of Bus topology

The failure of common cable or bus affects all the devices.
Terminators are required at the both ends of common cable or bus to function properly.
Security options are limited in the bus topology.
It is difficult to detect the fault of common cable or bus.
Transmission of data in the large bus topology is slow.
Not suitable for network with heavy traffic.

Star Topology

Star topology is a type of topology in which all the computers or devices are connected to the main computer called server computer. Each computer or devices communicates with the server computer in the star topology. Star topology is mostly used in the client server network. Like bus topology failure of common cable or bus affects all the computers. Similarly in this topology also failure of main point or server affects all whole computers.

Advantages of Star topology

It is easy to maintain and modify the network.
In this topology, it is easy to find faults.
Transmission of data is high in the star topology.
Single computer failures does not affects the whole computer.
It is easy to add and remove computers or devices in the star topology.

Disadvantages of Star topology

Star topology is difficult to expand.
More expensive than linear bus topologies because of the cost of the hubs.
It requires more cable length.

Mesh Topology

Mesh topology is a special type of hybrid topology in which all the computers are connected forming a mesh shape .Most mesh topology network is not true mesh. It is widely used in wide area network. There are the two types of mesh topology. They are:

Fully connected Mesh topology

Fully connected mesh topology is the type of mesh topology in which Every computer in the network has a connection to each of the other computer in that network. There is not a concept of central switch, hub or computer in fully connected mesh topology. The number of connection in the fully connected mesh topology can be calculated by using this formula. (n is the number of computer in the network) n(n-1)/2.

Partially connected mesh topology

Image source/ Google: https://www.slideshare.net

Partially connected mesh topology is the type of mesh topology in which every computer are not connected with each other like fully connected mesh topology. In this topology also switch, server or hub is not required.

Advantages of mesh topology

It is easy to find and troubleshoot fault in mesh topology.
Data transmission speed is to high or fast in mesh topology.
Failure link cannot affects the data transmission from sender to receiver.
Failure of a single device does not affects other devices.
We can add or remove devices without disturbing other nodes in this topology.

Disadvantages of Mesh topology

Mesh topologies's setup cost is very high or expensive.
It is very difficult to install mesh topology.
Mesh topologies required more cables.
Mesh topologies consume much time to setup or install.
Most of the bandwidth are wasted in this topology.

Ring topology

Ring topology is a type of topology in which one computer is connected to next computer in the form of ring topology. In ring topology data are transmitted in a single direction. In this topology data are transmitted either clock wise or anti-clock wise. Ring topology also does not require main switch or hub.

Advantages of ring topology

It is easy to find cable failure in ring topology.
In this topology terminater is not required.
Main switch or server is not required in ring topology.
Transmission speed of data is high in this topology.
Every computer has equal access facility in ring topology.
In this topology there is the less chance of data collision because data travels only in single direction.

Disadvantages of Ring topology

It is difficult to add or remove network or computer in this topology.
It is difficult to troubleshoot a ring topology.
Failure of one node can affects the whole computer in this topology.
In this topology, cost of cable is more.
In this topology network configuration is difficult.
Communication delay is directly proportional to the number of nodes in the ring topology.

Tree topology

Tree topology is a special type of topology in which all the computers are connected like the branches of tree. Tree topology is also called the hybrid topology. Tree topology is the combination of bus and star topology. Tree topology is mostly used when flexibility is needed in existing network.

Advantages of tree topology

It is easy to expand network in this topology.
In this topology, it is easy to find and maintain fault.
Failure of one computer does not affect the whole computer.
It provides flexibility in the network.

Disadvantages of tree topology

Huge cabling is needed in this topology.
A lot of maintenance is needed in this topology.
If the backbone line breaks, the whole computer will down.
It is difficult to configure this topology.

Science

2020-05-18T16:16:00.002+05:45

What is Science ?

A systematically organized body of knowledge on a particular subject is called science.
A branch of knowledge or study which deals with a body of facts or truth systematically arranged and showing the operation of general laws is called science.
In simple words, Science is the study of nature and behavior of natural things and the knowledge which we obtain about them.

Why we should study science?

Science is one of the oldest and most important academic disciplines, and covers a wide variety of subjects.
Science helps our understanding of the world around us. Every things which we know about the universe, from how trees reproduce to what an atom is made up of is the result of scientific research and experiments.
Human progress though out history largely rested on advance in science. From our knowledge of gravity to cutting edge medicines, students of science have shaped our modern world.
All of these advances can trace their origin back to individuals learning about science as student. That's why it is in the interest of government, companies and wider society to promote science as a subject at schools. It ensures the next wave of progress in all of the fields that affects our daily lives.

In schools across the world, science is typically initially broken down into three classical fields. They are:

Physics

The branch of science concerned with the nature and properties of matter and energy is called physics. The subjects matter of physics includes mechanics, heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism, other radiation and the structure of the atoms.

Chemistry

The branch of science which deals with the study of different matter composition, structure and properties of chemicals and chemical reactions is called chemistry. The subject matter of chemistry includes chemical and chemical reactions.

Biology

The branch of science which deals with the study of living beings and the nature of living beings is called b iology. The subjects matter of biology includes nature, features, characters of living beings such as animals and plants.

Generation of Computers

2020-05-18T09:28:00.005+05:45

Generation of Computers

The phase wise development of computer according to their main components, their size, processing speed, system architecture etc used by them is known as computer generations. The development of modern computer took into five distinct phases which is called generations of computer. The different generation of computer with their main components and duration are given below.

The first generation of computer

The development of computer from 1945-1955 is called first generation of computer. Some of the examples of first generation of computer are: ENIAC, EDVAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC etc.

Features of first generation computers

They used vacuum tube as the main component.
They require large amount of electricity.
They are huge in size.
They are more expensive than others computers.
They used machine level language for programming.
Their operating speed was up to milliseconds.

Tips: Vacuum tube was invented by Lee Dee Forest in 1908.

Second generation computer

The development of computer from 1956-1964 is called second generation of computer. Examples of second generation computer are: IBM 1401, IBM 7090 and 7094, UNIVAC 1107, PDP-1 and 8 etc.

Features of second generation computer

They used transistor as main components.
They required less electricity than first generation computer.
They are cheaper than the first generation computer.
Their operating speed was up to microsecond.
They could understand assembly and high level language.
They used magnetic core memory as internal storage.

Tips: Transistor was invented by a team lead by willium, shockley, John Burdeen and Walter H.Brattain in 1949.

One single transistor can perform the task of 1000 vacuum tubes.

Third generation computer

The development of computer from 1965-1971 is called third generation computer. PDP-8, PDP-11, ICL 2900, IBM 360, & IBM 370 are the best examples of third generation computer.

Features of third generation computer

They used Integrated circuits as the main components.
Their operating speed was up to nanoseconds.
They were small, efficient, and reliable.
They were general purpose computer.
They supported a large number of high level languages.
They were cheaper and faster than first and second generation computer.
They used large magnetic core based Random Access Memory and larger capacity magnetic disks.

Tips: Integrated Circuit (IC) was invented by Jack Kilby.

Fourth generation Computer

The development of computer from 1972-at present is called fourth generation computer. The best examples of fourth generation computer are: DEC10, STAR 1000, PDP11,CRAY-1(Supercomputer), CRAY-X –MP (supercomputer).

Features of fourth generation computers

They used microprocessor as main electronic component.
They are smaller in size and portable to carry.
They supported optical and magnetic storage devices.
They are user friendly.
They are smaller, cheaper, and faster than other computers.
They require less amount of electricity.
Their operating speed is picoseconds and even more.
They support numerous high level language and Graphical user interface (GUI) programs.

Tips:The first microprocessor, Intel 4004 was invented by an engineer "Marcian Ted Hoff" of famous American company Intel Corporation in 1971.

Fifth generation computer

The generation of computer which will use ULSI and bio-chip technology and will posses artificial intelligence with parallel processing mechanism is called fifth generation computer. Some of the examples of fifth generation computer are IBM notebooks, Pentium PCs, SUN Workstations, IBM SP/2, SGI Origin 2000, PARAM supercomputers etc. It is the future computer.

Features Expected in the fifth generation computers

They will use ULSI technology as main components.
They will possess artificial intelligence.
They will be much faster than present computers.
They will implement knowledge based problem solving technique.
They will use internet based applications.

Generation of Computer: Video source: Youtube

History of Computer: Video source: Youtube

Life process of Plants

2020-05-01T15:29:00.000+05:45

Life process of plants

The different physical, chemical and biological process which occurs only in living beings is called life process. As we know that living are two types, they are animals and plants. In this lesson we will read only about life process of plants such as photosynthesis, transportation, transpiration, and absorption.

i) Photosynthesis

Like animals plants also need food to survive. They have different methods of nutrition. Some plants can prepare their own food but some cannot prepare their food. Plants prepare their foods by the helps of chlorophyll, sunlight, air and water. Thus, the process of preparing foods by the green plants by the helps of carbondioxide and water in the presence of sunlight is called photosynthesis. Sunlight activates the chlorophyll that conducts reactions between water and carbondioxide. By this process the glucose which is present in plants formed into foods. The glucose combines later with minerals to form other foodstuffs.

ii) Absorption

As we all know that water and minerals is essential for photosynthesis. And that water and minerals suck plants by the helps of their roots. Thus, the process of sucking water and minerals from the soil by helps of root of plants is called absorption. The small plants do not spread their roots deep in the soil but the big plants spread their root deep in the soil to suck sufficiant amount of water from the soil.

iii) Transportation

After the absorption of water and minerals from the soil by the helps of root, they have to reach up to the leaves for photosynthesis. After the photosynthesis the prepared food should be reached each and every parts of the plants. The process of carrying those things to different parts of the plants is called transportation. Thus, the process of carrying water and minerals from the roots to the leaves and prepared foods to the the different parts of the plants are called transportation. Plants have phloem and xylem like conduction tissue in the human body. Phloem transfer prepared foods to different parts of the plants and xylem transfer water and minerals from roots to leaves of plants.

iv) Transpiration

All the water which was absorbed by the plants are not used. The excess amount of the water is vaporized from the aerial parts of the plants. This process is called transpiration. Thus, the process of releasing excess amount of water by the aerials parts of plants is called transpiration. Plants have tiny pores on the surface of their leaves called stomata. Stomata helps plants in transpiration and supports in water cycle. A stomata has two guard cells which opens widely during the day and rate of transpiration.

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Life process of human beings: Life process
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Plants: Non flowering plants

2020-04-28T14:44:00.003+05:45

Non-Flowering Plants

Plants: Non-flowering plants

As we all know that plants divided into sub-kingdoms. They are Cryptogams (Non-flowering plants) and phanerogams (Flowering plants). Among these, in this blog we will read about non flowering plants. (Cryptogams). If you read about flowering plants click here.

Non-flowering plants (Cryptogams)

Those plants which do not bear flower is called cryptogams or non-flowering plants. Some of the non-flowering may be green or non green. Some of the non-flowering plants may be uni-cellular or multicellular. Non-flowering plants or Cryptogams is further divided into following three groups.
i) Bryophyta
Bryophytas are small green plants which are usually found on damp walls. They have root, stem, and leaves structure but not true. Some of the examples of bryophyta are moss, liver worth, etc. Some of the major character of bryophytas are listed below.

They are found on moist and shady place.
They reproduce by spores.
They are green and autotrophic.
They can prepare their own food.
They are multicellular plants.
They do not have true stem, root and leaves.

ii) Thallophyta
The plants in this groups are simplest and primitive. Some major characters of thallophyta are listed below.

They may be unicellular or multicellular
They may be green or non green
They may be aquatic or terresteial
They may be autotrophic or hetrotrophic
They do not have true leaves, stem and root like structure in them.

The sub-division of non-flowering plants thallophyta are further divided into two sub-division.

Algae

Some major character of algae are listed below

They are green and autotrophic
They can prepare their own food
They are aquatic
They may be unicellular like chlamydomona or multicellular like spirogyra. Some of them are several feet long like seaweeds.
They have cell wall made of cellulose

Some of the examples of algae are; volvax, spirogyra, seaweeds etc.

Fungi

The main character of fungi are given below:

They are non green and saprophyte i.e they obsorb their food from decaying bodies.
They are terrestrial and found on decaying bodies.
They may be unicellular like yeast and multicellular like mushroom.
Fungi have cell wall made of fungus cellulose.
They cannot prepare their own food.

Some of the examples of fungi are yeast, mushroom etc.

iii) Pteridophyta

Pteridophyta are the most developed non flowering plants. They have true roots, stems and leaves but it do nor bear flower and fruits. Some of the major character of pteridophyta are given below.

They are found at shady place
They have true root, stem and leaves
They are green and autotrophic
They can prepare their own food
Their leaves are feather like and bear sori below them.

Some of the examples of pteridophytes are horse tail, pteridium, dryopteris etc.

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Classification of plants
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Best classification of plants

2020-04-27T12:31:00.001+05:45

Plant: Classification of plants

There are many plants in all over the world. Some of them are found on land and some of them are found in water. Some of them live for only few months, some of them live for one year or two years and some of them live for many years. Plants have also different shapes and sizes. Plants are divided in different groups according to their life spam, character, habitat etc. Some types of division of plants are given below.

Division of plants on the basis of their habitat

The place where plants grows is called their habitat. On the basis of the habitat of plants are divided into different groups.

Terrestrial plants.

Those plants which are found on land are called terrestrial plants. These types of plants can grow on dry, moist, warm or humid places. They have well developed shoot system and root system. Terrestrial plants usually have strong root, stems and branches. They show different character according to their habitat. They are of following types.

Saprophytes

Those plants which grow in moist and shady climate are called saprophytes. Saprophytes plants needs very less sunlight and some of them are non-green also. Saprophytes plants depend on decaying bodies for their food. Some of the examples of saprophytes plants are fern, mushroom, moss etc. Many of the saprophytes plants are green and autotrophic. They are less developed and non flowering plants. Some of the saprophytes plants are grow on the stem of other plants and stone.

Mesophytes

Those plants which grows in hot and moist climate is called mesophytes plants. These types of plants are found in terai region of our country Nepal. Because the climate of terai region of our country is hot and moist. Mesophytes plants are tall and usually branched with strong stems. They are green and autotrophic. Mesophytes plants leaves are crowned at the top of them. Some of the examples of mesophytes plants are mango plants, banana plants, coconut plants, papaya plants etc.

Coniferous plants

Coniferous plants are usually grow in cold climate and they are in cone shapes so it is called coniferous plants. They have pointed thick needle shaped leaves. They are adapted for cold climate. Some of the example of coniferous or plants which grow in cold climate are pine, cycas etc.
Xerophyte
Those plants which grows in hot and dry places are called xerophytes plants. Xerophytes plants root are well developed and long but they have less leaves. In many xerophytes plants leaves are changed into thorns which helps them to protect them from their enemies. Xerophytes plants have thick and fleshy stems. All xerophytes are green and autotrophic. Xerophytes plants have capacity of bearing heat. Some of the plants which grows in hot and dry places or climate are cactus, opuntia, bryophyllum, aloevera etc.

Aquatic plants (Hydrophytes)

Those plants which grows in water is called aquatic plants (Hydrophytes). These types of plants are found in lake, ponds, rivers, sea and ocean. Some aquatic plants found in ditches and marshy lands also. Hydrophytes may be floating or submerged. Body of this plants is with waxy surface. They have spongy body and and their root are not well developed. The spongy body helps the aquatic plants to float on water. Aquatic plants stem is flexible. Some of the examples of aquatic plants are lotus, water lilly, hydrilla, lemna, pistia etc.

Division of plants on the basis of their life span.

Different plants take different times to grow and complete their life cycle. Some plants complete their life spam in few months and some takes many years. On the basis of life span plants are divided into following three groups.
i) Annual plants
ii) Biennial plants
iii) Perennial plants

* Annual plants

Those plants which live for one season or one year is called annual plants. They germinate, grow, produce flowers fruits and seed, and die in a same year. Some of the examples of annual plants are mustard, paddy, wheat, pea, bean etc.

* Biennial plants

Those plants which lives for two years is are called biennial plants. They pass the first season for their full growth and in next season , these types of plants bear flowers and produce fruits. Some of the examples of biennial plants are cabbage, radish, turnip etc

* Perennial plants

Those plants which can survive for many years are called perennial plants. In the spring of every years, they bear flowers and fruits and mostly grow more in summer. Some of the examples of perennial plants are mango, guava, apple, lemon, orange etc.

Division of flowering plants

1. Gymnosperms

Those flowering plants which have fruits with naked seed is called gymnosperms. Cycas, pine, dhupi fir etc are some of the examples of gymnosperms.

2. Angiosperms

Those flowering plants which bears developed flowers and fruits are called angiosperms. Some of the examples of angiosperms are mango, apple etc. Angiosperms are also divided into two groups on the basis of the number of cotyledons found in their seeds. They are monocotyledonous plants and dicotyledonous plants.

* Monocotyledonous plants

Those plants which have seeds with single cotyledon is called monocotyledonous plants. Monocotyledonous plants have parallel venation in their leaves and fibrous root system. Monocotyledonous plants have distinct nodes and internodes in regular distance. Monocotyledonous plants have not stalks in their leaves. Some examples of monocotyledonous plants are maize, paddy, wheat, rice etc.

* Dicotyledonous plants

Those plants which have seeds with two cotyledons are dicotyledonous plants. Dicotyledonous plants have reticulate venation and stalks in their leaves. Dicotyledonous plants don't have distinct nodes and internodes. Dicotyledonous plants have tap root system. Some of the examples of dicotyledonous plants are mustard, mango, bean, pea etc.

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About Plants

2020-04-25T23:00:00.003+05:45

Some information about plants

Actually plants are two types. They are Flowering plants and non-flowering plants.

Flowering plants

Those plants which bear flower is called flowering plants. Flowering plants are the most developed plants in all over the world. There are many flowering plants in all over the world. They are of different shapes and sizes. But all flowering plants have two parts. They are Root system and Shoot system.

Root system of plants

The parts of plants which grow blow the ground and against light is called root system. The radicle of an embryo grows into root. It is pale and creamish. It helps the plants by absorbing water and minerals from the soil. It provides support to the plants. Some of the main parts of root are given below.
Root cap
Root cap is located at the end of root. It the protective parts of root. It protects the growing points of the root against frictions; while growing the root in soil particles. Root cap is present in dicotyledonous root but absent in monocotyledonous root.
Region of growth
The region has the cells which form new cells regularly. It causes the growth of the root. It is found near the root cap.
Region of elongation
It lies above the region of growth. It increases the length of the root. It also helps in absorption of minerals and waters from soil.
Region of root hair
This region is just above the region of elongation. From this region, root hairs are generated. Root hairs helps in the absorption of minerals and water in the soil.
Region of maturation
This region is the top most region of the root from where branches of taproots are generated. The branches support the plants to stay firmly.

Types of root

Mainly there are two types of root. They are:
Tap root system of plants
The roots which grows deep in the soil is called tap root system. This root is also called the primary root. The branches which is generated from the primary root is called secondary root. Secondary root is further divided into small branches. The roots which are generated from the secondary root is called tertiary root. This type of roots are found in dicotyledonous plants like gram, pea, mustard etc.
Fibrous root system of plants
The type of root which grows in the form of cluster is called fibrous root. This type of root doesn't goes deep in the soil. This type of root are not differentiated into primary, secondary and tertiary root. This type of root has not root cap. This types of roots are found in monocotyledonous plants such as rice, maize, banana, onion, garlic etc.

Functions of root

It supports the plants to remain firmly.
It helps to absorbs water and minerals from the soil.
In some plants root store foods.
In some cases roots helps in reproduction which is called vegetative reproduction.

Shoot system

The parts of plants which grow above the ground towards the lights and against gravity is called shoot system. Plumule of an embryo grows into the shoot system. Shoot systems may found in different color, shapes and sizes. Some of the parts of shoot system are given below.

Stem

Stem is the main parts of the shoot system of the plants. It has nodes and internodes on it. The parts of stem from where leaves and branches are grown are called stem. The space between is called internodes. Different types of buds like floral buds, auxiliary buds, terminal buds are also found on it. It may or may not be woody. Stems have tiny pores on their surface called lenticel. It helps the plants to remain upright and gives the basis for leaves, flowers, fruits etc. Some stems store foods and water. Stem may be weak or strong. Stems grow towards light and against gravity.

Types of stems

Stems are found in different shapes, sizes, color and strengths. Stems may be big or small. They may be green or non green, woody and non woody. Some stems do not look like stem. They can be identified by the presence of nodes and internodes. They are modified stems due to the storage of foods and water in them.

Function of stem

Stem provides support to the plants to remain upright.
Stem connects leaves, flower and fruits.
Stem transport water and minerals from root to the leaves through its xylem.
Stem helps to transport food from leaves to different parts of plants through phloem.
Succulent stem supports in photosynthesis also.
In some plants stem store water and foods in them. Such as potato, ginger, sugarcane etc.
In some cases stem helps in reproduction.

Leaves

The green and flats parts of the plants are called leaves. It is also known as the kitchen of plants because it helps to prepare foods for whole plants by the helps of photosynthesis. It is green in color because of the presence of chlorophyll. A leaf may be simple or petiolate or sessile. Monocot leaves are sessile and dicot leaves are petiolate. The end of leaf connected with the stem called leaf base. The arrangement of veins is called venation. The venation may be parallel or reticulate. Monocot leaves have parallel venation with sheath and dicot leaves have rerticulate venation with petiole. They have pores on their lower surface called stomata. Stomata helps the plants in respiration and transpiration.

Function of leaves

Leaves helps in photosynthesis and prepare food for whole plants.
Leaves helps in respiration and transpiration of plants.
In xerophytes, leaves are modified in to thorns which protects them from enemies.
In hydrophytes leaves help in floating.
In some cases leaves helps in vegetative reproduction.
In some plants leaves store food.

Flowers

Flowers are the modified branches of plants having reproductive parts. Flowers are most attractive parts of the plants. There are many types of flowers in all over the worlds. They are in different shape, sizes and color. A flower may be sessile or pedicellate. Sessile flowers does not have flowers stalk and pedicellate flower has pedicel in it. A flower may be uni-sexual or bisexual. A complete flowers contains four fundamental parts. They are calyx, corolla, androecium, and gynoecium.
Calyx
The outermost whorl of a flower is called calyx. The single calyx is called sepal. Sepals means leaf. Calyx protect the flowers during its bud stage and provides mechanical supports to the flowers.
Corolla
The second whorl is of the flowers is called corolla. The single corolla is called petals. Petals are found in different shapes and color. Corolla may have smell in them. They may be fused or separate. Corolla helps to attract birds and insects which helps in pollination.
Androecium
The male reproductive parts of flowers is called androecium. It contains numbers of stamen. Stamen has anther connecting with filaments at the end. Pollen grains are formed in the anther, which can form male gamets for sexual reproduction.
Gynoecium
It is the inner most parts of the flowers. It is the female reproductive parts of the plants. It contains more pistil or carpel. A pistil is made of three parts. They are stigma, style and ovary. Stigma is slightly winder than lower part and found at the tip. It receives pollen grains during pollination. Style is long structure and ovary is lower round or oval structure situated over in the thalamus of a flower. An ovary has ovule inside which forms female gamete.

Function of flowers

It helps in reproduction
It helps in pollination
It helps in fertilization

Fruits

Fruits are the delicious parts of the plants. Fruits are of different shapes, sizes, color and types. We can see different types of fruits in all over the words. Some fruits are used as a medicines.

Functions of fruits

Fruits cover the seed and helps to protect them.
Fruits helps in dispersion of seeds too.
Fruits supply energy to animals as they eaten by animals.
Fruits supply nutrients to the seeds inside them also.
Carnivorous plants: Read more.
Some information about animals.
Some facts about amazing animals and insects

Some information about animals

2020-04-23T22:52:00.001+05:45

Those living beings which can feel, touch, and can move from one place to another place are called animals. There are many spices of animals in all over the world. Mainly, Animals are dived in to two groups. They are Wild animals and domestic animals.

Wild animals

The animals which lives in forests is called wild animals. Some of the examples of wild animals are lions, tigers, leopard, elephant, and so on. They can be categorized in various species and groups. Some of them are carnivorous, some are herbivorous and others are omnivorous. Most of the wild animals are directly and indirectly advantageous for us.

Domestic animals

Those animals which are kept by human beings are called domestic animals. Some of the common domestic animals are dog, cat, cow, ox, elephants etc. All of these are very useful for us to fulfill our needs. They like and treat us like friend. They are safe in the presence of men. Human beings love domestic animals very much.

Classification of animals.

There are many animals with various species. The animals which live on the land is called terrestrial animals. Elephants, lions, tiger, rhino etc are some examples of animals. The climate of different places are not similar and all animals cannot survive in the same climate. So, the terrestrial animals are further divided into different sub groups. On the basis of climatic condition where animals live, they are divided in following types. Some of the types are described below.

Animals that live in hot climate

Some animals live in hot climate. Cow, elephant, tiger, buffalo etc are the examples of such animals. These animals have very thin layer of fur.

Animals live in cold climate

Some animals live in extreme cold climate. Yaks, polar bear, snow leopard, penguin etc are the examples of the animals which live in extreme cold climate. They have thick layer of fat just below the skin, which keeps them warm in the hot climate. They have very thick fur. They have short and strong legs.

2) Aquatic animals

Those animals which live in water are called aquatic animals. Starfish, octopus, prawn etc are some of the examples of aquatic animals. Some of them are fresh water in habitat like river, ponds etc and some of them are marine in habitat like sea and ocean. Aquatic animals have streamlined body. Most of them are waterproof scales on their body. Animals like fishes have gills for respiration and fins for swimming. Whales and dolphins have lungs for respiration. Such aquatic animals have air sacs in their body.

3) Amphibians animals.

Amphibians are those animals which can live on both in water and on land are called amphibians animals. They have lungs to respire on land and moist skin to respire in water. They need water for reproduction. Frog, hyla, newt, salamander etc are the examples of amphibians animals.

On the basis of habitat and character animals are divided into following groups:

1) Arboreal animals

Those animals which spends most of their time on tree but cannot able to fly in air are called arboreal animals. Monkeys, squirrel lizards, tree snakes etc are examples of arboreal animals. They have climbing capacity. They have pads on their palm for better gripping.

2) Aerial animals

Those animals which can fly and spend most of their time in air are called aerial animals. They have wings to fly and streamlined body which helps them to fly easily. They have sharp eyes and beaks of various sizes. Their body is covered with feather and have hollow and light bones. Eagle, crow, parrot, bat, etc are the name of aerial animals.

3) Diurnal animals

The animals which are active in daytime but passive at night are called diurnal animals. Elephant, squirrel, bees, house flies etc are some examples of diurnal animals. They are found resting at night.

4) Fossorial animals

The animals which live in holes or in the ground are called fossorial animals. Snakes, rats, rabbit etc are the examples of fossorial animals. Many of them have strong snout and sharp claws to dig hole and to push out soil.

5) Nocturnal animals

Those animals which are active at night and passive at day time are called nocturnal animals. Owl, bat, rats, cockroach, moles snake, earth worms etc are the examples of nocturnal animals. They are found resting during day time.

Blogging: way to earn money by sitting in home

2020-04-22T23:17:00.001+05:45

Blogging: way to earn money by sitting in home

Money is the things which helps to buy things. Simply, without we cannot survive in this modern world. So, it is also a type of wealth. We can see that many people are working in different way to earn money. Due to lack of money, most of the brilliant child or student are not able to earn and they are way from education. Most of the people looses their family due to lack of money. People work in different way according to their talent. Among them one of the easiest way to earn money by sitting in home is blogging.

1) Blogging

Blogging is the process of writing something on a particular topic in internet. For example: we have many question which answer we don't know. To know the answer of that question, simply we ask answer from our elder or search on google. Thus, the answer which we got on google is called is called blog. Now, you are thinking that what is mean by blog. The answer which was written by the bloggers is called blogging. Now also in my view, you are thinking that who or what is blogger. Blogger are the person who write blog or post on google are blogger.

How can we earn money by blogging?

Most of the students are earning good amount of money by blogging. Actually, we can't earn money by blogging. we earn money by the advertisement which provides us Google adsence on our blog. Blogging the means of getting advertisement. According to the type of ads, google pay money. To get advertisement on your blog it is compulsary to write good and unique blog.

How to create blog or website?

There are many website which provides free services to create website. But for blogging purpose blogger and wordpress is best.

1) Blogger

Blogger is the platform of google where we can create website in free cost for blogging purpose. In my view, in blogger it is easy to create website and write blog post. At first, google account is essential to create any website.

Steps to create website on blogger:

Step 1: Open any browser software.

Step 2: Type www.google.com in the search bar of browser and hit enter key. (Google search engine will open.

Step 3: In google type www.blogger.com and search.

Step 4: Click on create your blog.

Step 5: Sign in with your google account.

Step 6: Type the display name (means name of owner or author of blog.) and click on continue to blogger.

Step 7: Click on create your blog.

Step 8: Give the title and address of blog and click on create blog.

Step 9: Click on create blog. (now your blogger site is created and you have to submit this blogger site on webmaster also.) After clicking on this your writing area will be shown where you can write your content and publish.

If you write unique and good content then your have more chances to rank on google. If you are able rank on google then you have to apply for google adsence. From which you can earn good amount of money.

Rules of writing content or post on blogger.

Your content should include more than 500 words.

Your should be unique and user friendly.

Your should not be copy writed.

You content should contain maximum number of key word. (Key word means the word which was searched by the user on different search engine.)

Some trick to rank on google.

Search engine optimization should be done properly on the your website.

Your blogger site should be properly customized.

Share you blog post on different social media. Such as Face book, Twitter, whatsapp, linked-in etc.

Create back link.

National Things of Nepal

2020-04-20T20:19:00.000+05:45

National things of Nepal

National flag of Nepal

Every country has its own national flag. The nationalflag represents the nation. Similarly our country Nepal has also a national flag. Nepal’s national flag is unique in all over the world because mostly, the national flag of other countries is in rectangular or in square shape but Nepal’s national flag is in triangular shape. It has two triangle joining together. Upper triangle is small and lower triangle is large in size. The upper triangle has the symbol of the moon and the lower triangle has the symbol of the sun. The meaning of the sun and the moon is that Nepal will exist in the world as long as the sun and moon remain in the universe. The surface colour of the national flag of Nepal is crimson and the border colour is blue. The crimson colour represents Nepalese courage and blue colour represent peace loving nature of the Nepalese. The national flag of Nepal reflects our history, culture and religion of Nepal.

National song of Nepal

Every country has its own national song in its own language. National song includes the culture, tradition, religious and history of the country. The national song makes the citizens feel proud and responsible towards their country. It also gives the feeling of self respect and identity of the country. The national song ofNepal is sayau thunga phul ka hami autai mala nepali....... The national song is sung at the beginning of the celebration of National days, National Festivals, any formal programmes of honour, games, sports etc. When the national song is sung, we have to stand up from our seat in a disciplined way to pay respect to the nation. The national song of Nepal is composed by Pradip Kumar Rai ( Byakul Maila) and music is composed by Amber Gurung.

Coat of Arms (Nisan chhaap)

The coat of arms is one of the things which gives the identity of the country. It is used in the government office. It legalizes the government documents. It is the symbol of the government of Nepal. The new coat of arms was indroduced in Nepal on 30^th Dec 2006 A.D (15^th Poush 2063 B.S). It represents all the special features of Nepal such as the National flag, the National flower, the highest mountain of Nepal and world Sagarmatha (Mt. Everest), and three geographical region of Nepal: Mountain, Hill and Terai. Similarly , it represent the gender equality by shaking hand of male and female. There is the sheaf of paddy which represent, Nepal is an agricultural country. “Janani Janmabhoomischa Swargadapi Gariyasi” is also written there which represent that the mother and the mother land is greater than the heaven. It was joinly designed by Nabindra Man Rajbhandari, Himalaya Gautam and Krishna Shrestha.

National flower: Rhododendron (Laliguras)

Rhododendron is the national flower of the our country Nepal. It is found in high hills and Himalayan region of Nepal. It is red in colour. It gives the unique identity of our country Nepal. So it is the national pride of our country Nepal.

National Bird of Nepal: Lophophorus (Danphe)

Lophophorus (Danphe) is the national bird of the country Nepal. Like rhododendron, It is also found in the Himalayan region of Nepal. It is very beautiful and colourful. It has nine colour. So, it also called naurangi danphe in Nepali language. Like rhododendron, It also give the unique identity of the country Nepal. So, they are pride of the country Nepal.

National Animal of Nepal: Cow

Cow is the national animal of the country Nepal. It is a scared animal. The young ones of the cow is called calf. Cow is worshipped in Nepal on the day of Laxmi Puja. Laxmi Puja is a great festival of Hindus religion. So, killing of cow in Nepal is a type of crime.

National game of Nepal: Volley Ball

Volley ball is the national game of Nepal. Volley ball is the ball game that began in the United states. It was invented in 1895 by William G.Morgan. It is played by the two teams of six players on a court divided by a net. Each team tries to score points by grounding a ball on the other’s team court. In 1964, volleyball became an Olympic sport in Tokyo, Japan. Volley ball was declared as the national game of Nepal in may 23 2017 A.D. Before volley ball dandi biyo is the national game of the Nepal.

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Life Process

2020-04-19T12:31:00.001+05:45

Life Process

The process occurring in the body of living beings that keeps them alive is called life process. Respiration, excretion, digestion, reproduction etc are some of the examples of life process.

1) Respiration

The process of oxidizing food to release energy is called respiration. Some respiratory organs are skin, trachea, spiracles., gills, lungs, etc. There are two types of respiration. They are

i) External respiration

ii) Internal respiration

* External respiration
The process of taking in oxygen and releasing carbondioxide is called external respiration. It is also called breathing.
* Internal respiration
The process of oxidizing food to release energy is called internal respiration. It is also called cellular respiration as it occurs inside the cells. During this process energy is released for different activities.
* Aerobic respiration
The type of respiration in which food is completely oxidized by the help of oxygen is called aerobic respiration. More energy is released in aerobic respiration.
* Anaerobic respiration
The respiration which take place in the absence of oxygen is called an aerobic respiration. Less energy is released in anaerobic respiration.
* Cellular respiration
The type of respiration which occurs inside the cell to oxidized the food to release energy is called cellular respiration.

2) Digestion

The process of breaking down food inside the body is called digestion. There are two types of digestion. They are
i) Intracellular digestion: The type of digestion that occur inside the cell is called intracellular digestion. It occurs in unicellular organism.

ii) Extracellular digestion: The type of digestion which occur outside the cell is called extracellular digestion. It occurs in multicellular organism like human beings.

Digestive system
Those organs which helps in digestion are called digestive system. Organs involved in digestive system are mouth, food pipe, throat, large intestine, small intestine etc. It consists of two main parts. They are:
* Alimentary canal: It is a long tube from mouth to anus. It is about nine meter long. It consists of mouth, intestine, anus etc.
* Digestive glands: It is the gland which produce different digestive juices in our body. It helps to digest food easily. Some digestive glands and their secretion are given below:
i) Salivary gland: It produce saliva and present in mouth.
ii) Gastic gland: It produce gastic juices and hydrochloric acid and present in stomach.
iii) Bile gland: It produce bile juice and present in liver.
iv) Pancreas: It produce pancreatic juice and present in duodenum.

Digestion in Human body

In the human body food is digested in alimentary canal with the help of digestive juices. The digested foods are absorbed by villi in small intestine and undigested materials passes through large intestine and stored in rectum for digestion through anus.
3) Excretion: The process of throwing access amount of waste materials from our body is called excretion.
* Excretory organs: The organs which helps in excretion are called excretory organs. Plants do not have special organs for excretion.
Some excretory organs are: Lungs, skin, large intestine, small intestine etc.
4) Urination: The process of releasing waste material from our body in the form of urine is called urination.
Urinary system: The group of organs that separates excess water, minerals, salt, uric acid and urea from the blood in the form of urine is called urinary system. Some organs which involves in urination are kidney, urethra, uterus and urinary bladder
Urinary system of human beings: The kidneys filter the urine from the blood which gets collected in urinary bladder. When the urinary bladder is filled about two third, urine is thrown out through urethra.

Earn money by learning different expensive courses in free cost

2020-04-18T14:39:00.004+05:45

Earn money by learning different expensive courses in free cost

Learn some skills during lock down and earn good amount of

money. Don’t be bore by sitting alone in home.

Most of people are felling bore by sitting in home. They want to learn something. So if you want to learn skill and earn money online then you can learn all related courses in free of cost because of this covid 19 most of online learning courses became in free of cost. So, please sit in home and learn some skill. Some of the courses which became free are:

A. Learn vern

Learn vern is a training portal where anyone can learn any course in vernacular languages for free. Here you can get your certificate of your achievement in free cost. Here you can get four content of courses. In that content, you can get many other content related to your choice.

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A. Technology

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Marriage in Nepal

2020-04-17T14:02:00.000+05:45

Hindus Marriage in Nepal

Simply marriage means making new relations with other family. Hindu marriage is an important institution and it is based on religion, religious rites, and it is for the continuation of religion. Because of urbanization, industrialization, modern culture changing the hindu marriage system.

Hindus believe in arranged marriage and that marriage is organized only after the consensus of both sides. After the consensus of both side astrologers are consulted to check and conform whether the bride and groom are made for each other or not. For this, both brides and groom chinas, birth chart and their star sign should be matched. The middle person or who act as the messenger for both families, is involved in the arrangement of the wedding. Wedding start with the determination of precise date set by the astrologers. They can be held only during certain auspicious seasons.

Wedding embrace is rich in cultural tradition stretching over several days. The ceremony starts with swayambar where the brides and groom exchange their rings and garlands made of flowers. After this, brides and groom cannot to meet with each other before marriage. The brides wear heavy gold jewellery and blood-red sari and a sparkling ghoomto covers her face. The most heart touching scene can be observed during kanyadaam, when the bride’s parents perform ritual of handling or giving the responsibility of their daughter to groom. Then, brides becomes exclusively of groom and groom’s become exclusively of brides. Then, brides wear sindoor and manglsutra as long as she is married and pray for her husband’s long life.

At last the laughter fades and shedding of tears begins as the farewell ritual starts. The wedding is followed by a grand reception. String of decorative light, melodious music, delicious food and drinks emphasize the high spirits of the groom’s family and thus leave memories imprints in the hearts of the guests.

Dowry system: Major Social problem of Nepal

Our country Nepal, the land of gods and goddess, is very rich in the world for its culture and tradition. But, sadly there are some of the evils system are existing in our country Nepal such as discrimination, early marriage, jumapratha etc.

Among them dowry system is one of them. The process of giving amount of money and goods from bride’s family to the grooms family during marriage is called dowry system. Although it is one of the most hated system and surprisingly is growing day by day. Now a it has created a lot of problems in the community. Marriage is one of the most sacred and holy ceremonies in our society. But the horror of the dowry system has made this ceremony one of the fearful and challenging events. In this system, groom’s family demand some amount of money and goods. If the bride’s family can able to fulfil their demand then groom will marry with brides. Due to this many poor, beautiful and brilliant girl remain unmarried. In some cases, brides are tortured and forced by the groom’s family to bring more and more dowry. If they fail, they are tortured and finally killed by the groom’s family.

This dowry is the insult of our education also because most of the educated people also demand for the dowry. So this dowry system should be thrown out from our country as we as from world immediately. For that Strict laws should be made from the government. By giving proper education to the people. By public awareness. By giving education to the women dowry system can be removed.

Countries with their nick names

2020-04-17T13:54:00.000+05:45

Countries and cities with their nicknames
Forbidden city The city of thousand mirates White city City of five riversWindy city City of seven hills City of temples City of silver City of castle City of rose City of motor cars City of bazaars City of golden gate City of martyrs		- Lhasa,China -Cairo, Egypt -Belgrade, Serbia -Punjab, Inidia -Chicago, USA - Rome -Kathmandu -Nilgiri Hills, India -Kolkatta, India -Jayapur, India -Detroit (USA) -Cairo, Egypt -San Franscisco, USA -Rome, Italy
City of sky City of fashion City of seven islands City of water water falls City of coca cola and fanta		-New york, USA -Paris, France -Mumbai, India -Quito, Ecuador -Atlanta, USA
City of dreaming spires City of canal City of cake The city of lilies The city that never sleep The city of light The land of white elephants The land of Orange river The land of rising sun The land of thousand hills The land of thousand lakes The land of peace The land of thousand islands The land of poets The land of golden pagoda Land of maple The land of sun-set The land of midnight sun The land of thunderbolt The land of many waters				-Oxford, England -Venice -Scotland -Florence -New York -Paris -Thailand -South Africa -Japan -Rwanda Finland Nepal Indonesia Chile Burma Canada England Norway Bhutan Guyana
	The land of milk and money The land of kangaroo The land of kiwi The land of earthquake The land of Golden Fiber The land of Pyramids The land of talkative Land of Saints Land of Buddha Land of morning calm Home of god Father of water Gateway of India Gateway of Nepal Sorrow of Bengal Hearing pond Land of camphor Zoo of the world The land of fire and ice Motherland of football Motherland of cricket		Switzerland Australia New Zealand Japan Australia and Pakistan Egypt Norway Korea Nepal Korea Kathmandu Mississipi, USA Mumbai Birgunj Damodar River Atlantic Ocean Taiwan Savanna Iceland England England

Some religious and cultural heritages of Nepal

2020-04-16T10:18:00.004+05:45

Famous religious places of Nepal

Nepal is not only rich in natural beauties. It is also rich in traditions, cultural and historical places or importance. Nepal is multi cultural, multi-lingual, multi-religious country. There are many religious places which are related to different religious. Some of the major religious places are pashupatinath temple in Kathmandu, Ram janaki mandir in Janakpur, Manakamana in gorkha, Barahachhetra in sunsari, Krishna temple in Patan, Lumbini, Swyambhunath in Kathmandu, Jame mosque in Kathmandu, and so on.

Pashupatinath

In Kathmandu there are so many temples and other religious places. Among them, Pashupatinath is one of the most famous temples in the country. Most of the hindus wants to visit here because it is the temple of god mahadev. It is situated about five kilometre east of the city centre. This temple was made many years ago by mandev, perhaps around 400 A.D. It was also enlisted in World heritage site by UNESCO in 1972 A.D. There are about 1000 shivalingas in Pashupati area.

Swayambhunath

It is the holy place for the both the Buddhist and Hindus. It is situated in Kathmandu. There are the chaitya of swayambhu, temple of Manjushree and Ajima. The biggest statue of lord Buddha is located here. It is believed that this temple was constructed before 5^th century. This place was also enlisted in world heritage sites by UNESCO in 1979 A.D. Along with the stupas and idols of Buddha there is the temple of Hindu Goddess Saraswati so this place is regarded as the symbol of religious tolerance.

Ram Janaki Temple

It is located in Janakpur. It is one of the famous holy places of Hindus. It is believed that this temple was constructed by the queen Brishbhanu Kumari of Tikamgadh. This temple is full of Mithila art and architecture. It is constructed in Shikhar style. It gives the identity of our country. This temple is also called Naulakha Mandir because it was constructed on 28^th Magh 1967 B.S at the cost of nine lakh rupees.

Larumba

It is an important holy place of Kirant community of Nepal. It is located in Ilam district. Kirant people gather here to celebrate their festivals. They worship their god according to their culture and read Mundhum. They offer flowers, cloth, money, naivedhya and grain to god but animal sacrificing, drinking alcohol, and smoking is prohibited here.

Assuption Church

It is the holy place of Christians. It is located at Dhobighat of Lalitpur district. The wall of church is decorated with thanka painting in which the life and serves of jesus Christ is presented. Mostly, people gathered here on Saturday to prey to jesus Christ. Christian people come here during Christmas and other festivals. It was constructed in 1955 A.D.

Lumbini

Lumbini is one of the most famous place of Nepal. It is the birth place of Gautam Buddha so it is holy place of Buddhist. It is located in Rupandehi district. It has a number of temples including the Mayadevi temple and other many temple which was constructed by many countries in the memory and respect of Lord Gautam Buddha. A holy pond called Puskarini is also located here where the Buddha’s mother took the ritual dip prior to his birth. Gautam Buddha is also called the light of Asia. Lumbini is also enlisted in world heritage site by UNESCO in 1977 A.D. It is the pride of our country Nepal.

Besides above mentioned places and temples, there are several religious places in Nepal. In Nepal people are very religious natured. That’s why we can find religious places in every ward and tole. Whatever the religion these places belongs to all of people of Nepal. These places are also national heritages of country. So it is Nepalese responsibility to preserve them.

Some of the cultural heritages of Nepal

As we all know that Nepal is multi-cultural country. So several type of dresses, ornaments, folk music, folk dances, etc are practiced here. Some of the cultural heritages of Nepal are given below.

Traditional Dresses

The traditional dress of our country Nepal is different according to castes, races, sex and geographical location. Daura-suruwal, topi, bona, bakkhu, petani, hakupatasi, gaman, bhoto, mekhali, ghanghar, lehenga, tikiya, klatoli etc are the major traditional dresses worn by the people of Nepal.

Traditional Ornaments

Like traditional dresses, Nepalese women wear different types of ornaments. Some of the important ornaments worn by Nepalese women are dhungri, bulaki, fuli, kalli, tilhari, naugedi, shirbandi, kampani mala, chandrahar, authi, nathuni, bichhiya, mungamala, hasuli, cheptesun, etc.

Traditional Dances

The dances which are practiced in past by the particular people of religion is called traditional dances. Traditional dances are differ according to castes and places. Some of the traditional dances which are practiced by the particular communities of Nepal are deuda dance, balan, sangini, maruni, karua, dhan naach, lakhe nach, jhangad naach, satar naach, baiarab naach, sabai, sakhiya, sorati, chanchari, hudkeli, etc.

Folk Musical Instruments

Several folk musical instruments are practiced in different parts of Nepal. Some of the important folk musical instruments of Nepal are panchai baja, madal, sarangi, binnayo, flute, dhol, ektare, damphu, damaru etc.

Typical Nepali utensils

Different types of Nepali utensils are used in our household such as Karuwa, Amkhora, Surathi, Khadkula, Anti, Gagri, Kanchko, Thal, Tapke, Kachaura, etc.

Typical Nepali Rituals

From the birth to death, Nepalese people perform several rituals such as Chhaithi, Nwaran, Pasni, chhewar, bratabandha, ihin, janku, bhim ratharohan, ghewa, janaja, mundane, etc.

Sculpture

Making objects of different shapes, sizes and features of metal, stone, wood, clay, glasses, etc is called sculpture. Some example of sculpture are:

Stone sculpture: Budhanilkantha, Birupakshya.

Metal Sculpture: Statue of Buddha, statue of various god and goddess.

Wood sculpture: The statues made on the door and other parts of the temples of Nepal.

Clay sculpture: People of terai region of Nepal make the statues of various god and goddess durng dashain and tihar.

Architecture

The art dealing with a place of dwelling is called architecture. Various types of architecture of Nepal are:

Pagoda style: Temple of pashupatinath of Kathmandu, Nyatpol of Bhaktapur.

Stupa or Chaitya style: Mayadevi temple of Lumbini, Swayambhunath, Boudhanath.

Shikhar style: Krishna Mandir of Patan.

Gumbaj Style: Janaki Temple of Janakpur.

Some carnivorous and amazing plants

2020-04-15T13:44:00.002+05:45

Carnivorous Plants

Those plants which eat small animals and insects are called carnivorous plants. Carnivorous plants trap and digest small animals More than five hundred different carnivorous plants are found in the word.

Carnivorous plants tries to grow in places where the soil is thin or lacking in nutrients. So these plants must get some of their nutrients by trapping and digesting animals, especially insects. Some of the carnivorous plants are bladder worth, butter word, pitcher plant, cobra lily, sundew etc.

BladderWorth

A bladderwort’s trap works by pumping water out through its walls, which builds pressure and sets the trap like a spring. Long hairs attached to the trap act like levers and , when an insect touches one of them , the bladder’s door will open and suck in a stream of water and the insects along with it. When the trap is full of water, the door closes again and plant digest its prey.

Pitcher Plants

Pitcher plants are shaped like a pitcher. The top and inside of the pitcher is covered with slippery and sweet smelling nectar. A pitcher plant lure insects with its fragrant odour. When insects come to take a sip, they slip and fall in to the pitcher. There, the plant breaks them down. A powerful digestive acid is then released from the pitcher walls which consume the prey. The strange leaves of pitcher plants develop from the tips of leaves. At first they are full of air , but soon they begin to fill will digestive juice. The shape and size of the pitcher plant varies with their species.

Some pitcher plants are so large, they can catch rat or frogs.

Cobra lily

The cobra lily attracts insects with its scent and the sweet nectar on its tongue which is cleverly highlighted by sunlight shining through a transparent area on its upper lid. Once an insects has ventured inside the lily’s tube like leaf structure, the plant’s slippery secretions and downward hairs cause the insect to fall in to the lily’s trap, where it is then slowly digested.

Sundew

Sundews get their name from glistening, sticky, glandular hairs with secrete enzymes that digest insects that come in the contact with the plants. The sundew plant produces a sweet, sticky fluid that coats the tiny hairs covering the leaves. This dew glistens in the sunlight and attracts insects. As insects land on the sundew plant, they stick to the dewy liquid on the leaf hairs and are unable to free themselves. This plant can differentiate live prey from non living things like stones that fall on its leaves. The sundew eats all kinds of insects including files, spider and mosquitoes.

Butterwort

The bright yellowish green leaves of a butterwort plant have numerous glands that secrete a sticky fluid which attracts insects. When the insects become trapped, the leaves slowly curl inwards and digest the insects.

Venus Flytrap

The venus flytrap is the first plant that was thought to be carnivorous. It catches and digests insects. It can even catch and digest small frogs. Each trap this plant is good for four to six catches. After that the trap withers, turns brown and falls off. This plants also can differentiate live prey from non living things like stones that fall on its leaves.

Amazing Plants

Cocoa tree

Chocolate is made from the cocoa beans of a cacao tree. Cocoa beans are little beans found in the pods that grow on cacao (cocoa) trees. The pods are orange and about as big as football. They look like a football with some of the air out of it. The inside of the pod is packed full of between twenty to sixty seeds.

Banyan

A banyan tree is native to india and part of the mulberry family. It is an enormous tree that puts forth roots, which form secondary trunks to support the expansive limbs. The biggest known banyan is in the Botanical Gardens in Calcutta. It has more than 1500 hanging roots, and its huge canopy covers an area the size of a small forest. It is over two hundred and fifty years old. Alexander the Great is said to have camped under a banyan tree that was big enough to shelter his whole army of seven thousand (7,000) men.

Maple tree

The maple tree is best known for two things. First, it has helicopter seeds which fall to the ground spinning like the blades of a helicopter, and the syrup or sugar which is made from its sap. The helicopters are actually the fruit of the maple tree. Second, the leaves of the maple tree change colour from green to different shades of yellow, orange, and red during the autumn.

Fruit salad tree

A fruit salad tree is a tree that grows up to six different types of fruits all on one tree. They are multi-grafted trees with different fruits from the same family grafted together and all the fruits retain their own flavour and appearance.

Rafflesia

The world’s largest bloom is the rafflesia. It can grow to be three feet across and weight up to seven K.G. It is a parasitic plant, with no visible leaves, root or stem. When in bloom, the rafflesia emits a repulsive smell, similar to that of rotting meat. This smell attracts insects that pollinate the plant. The rafflesia was found in the Indonesian rain forest by a group trekkers and was named after Sir Thomas Raffles, the leader of the expedition. The rafflesia does not have chlorophyll, as the green plants have and so it cannot undergo photosynthesis.

Titan Arum

Titan arum is a flowering plant with the largest unbranched inflorescence in the world. This flower is found in the rain forest of Sumatra, Indonesia. It stands three meter high and the single leaf grows to the size of a small tree. While it is in bloom, the flower emits a strong smell similar to rotting meat. So this plant is also called a decaying corpse.

Victoria Amazonica

Victoria Amazonica is a giant water lily. It is the largest of water lilies. It is huge circular leaves that can grow up to three meter in diameter. It is mainly found in the Amazon River. Its flower are white at the first night they are open and become pink at the second night.

Do you know: (Fact file)

* One pomegranate can hold more than thousand seeds. The fruit is good sources of fibres, vitamins, and other nutrients. Fresh fruits make fantastic refreshing juice.

* It is believed that jackfruit and grapefruit can cause dangerous reactions with some prescription medication. So it is advisable not to eat these two fruits when you are using medicine or other drugs.

* Apples float in water because 25% of an apple’s volume is air.

Some fact about animal, insects and place of the world

2020-04-14T12:20:00.000+05:45

Which animal is this?

Amazing Animals, Birds and insects of the world

The largest bird - Ostrich

The fastest running bird -Ostrich

The tallest bird -Ostrich

The largest/ strongest/ Cell or egg -Ostrich

The fastest flying bird -Eagle

The smallest bird -Bee Humming bird

Only bird that can fly backward -Bee humming bird

Bird that can stitches nest -Tailor bird

Bird that cannot walk -Spiny Babbler

Most expensive bird -Bird of Paradise

Bird that weaves its nest -Weaver Bird

Bird that can see at the night -Owl

Bird having most powerful eye sigh -Eagle

Bird that lays highest number of eggs - Patride

Dancing bird - Peacock

Lazy bird -Dove

Bird that consume dead body -Vulture

Bird that can digest gold -Cock

Flightless bird of the world -Ostrich, Kiwi, Emu, Rhea and Penguin

Bird that lays eggs on others nests -Cuckoo

Birds which have longest wings -Albatross

Most coward Bird - Spiny Babbler

Singing bird -Cuckoo

Only mammalian that can fly -Bat

Birds that can swim inside the se -Penguin

Bird that sucks nector of flower -Bee humming bird

Bird that can peck wood to make nes -Wood pecker

Birds whose bones are heavier than body -Pigeon

The mammal that lay eggs -Platypus and Echinda

Longest snake -Python

Biggest snake -Anaconda

Largest land predator -Polar bear

Fastest mammal -Chhetah

Biggest lizard -Komodo Dragon

Biggest bird of prey -Condor

Largest mammal -Blue whale

Only bird that can do yawn -Parrot

Ghost of the mountain -Snow leopard

The most talking bird -African gray parrot

The fastest swimmer -Penguin

The longest insect -Giblion Worm

The loudest insects -Cicada

Most strong insect -Ant

The fastest flying insect -Bee

Insect that can hope on the grass -Grasshopper

Insect having white blood -Cockroach

Insect whose female only bites to human -Mosquito

Insect that emits light at night -Firefly

Most social insects -Bee and ant

Most beneficial insect to human -Bee

The noisiest land animal -Red and Black monkey

Longest animal -Blue whale

Slowest animal -Sloth

Reptile that can change its colour according to the surrounding -Chameleons

Tallest animal -Giraffe

Largest cat in the world -Siberian Tiger

Ox lives in Arctic -Musk ox

World’s biggest fish -Shark and whale

Smallest turtle -Padloper tortoise

Smallest reptile -Gecko

Smallest kangaroo -Red kangaroo

Mammal that cannot jump -Elephant

Mammal that drink blood only -Vampire bat

Animal having the largest eye Horse

Animal having pouch to carry baby Kangaroo

The fastest running animal Leopard

The king of forest Lion

Animal can weep like human Bear

Animal can laugh like human Hyena

Animal which cannot speak Giraffe

Animal that emits aroma from its body Musk deer

Animal with three hearts Octopus

Animal that has not ear Snake

The fastest growing animal Blue whale

Animal that can see on different sides at a same time Seahorse

The ugliest animal Hyena

Animals which never walks , which always hop Kangaroo

Animals that can secrets sweats from tongue Dog

Baby of Animals

Animals Name of Babies

Cow -Calf

Buffalo -Calf

Goat -Kid

Sheep -Lamp

Elephant -Calf

Rhino -Calf

Duck -Duckling

Hen -Chick

Dog -Puppy

Kangaroo -Joey

Cat -Kitten

Lion -Cub

Tiger -Cub

Deer -Fawn

Goose -Goosling

Horse -Colt

Pig -Piglet

Donkey -Calf

Camel -Calf

Some amazing Place of the World

Most coldest place of the world -Verkhoyansk, Siberia (Russia)

Most hottest place of the world -Azizia (Libiya)

Most hottest place in Asia -Zakobad (Pakistan)

Most rainfall zone of the world -Cherapunji (India)

Most driest place of the world -Death valley (USA)

Least rainfall zone of the world -Erica Chile (USA)

Tallest mountain of the world -Mt.Everest (Nepal)

Deepest lake of the world -Lake Baikal

Highest waterfall in the world -Angel falls

Largest island of the world -Green land

Longest wall of the world -Great wall of China

Wonders of the world

Machu Picchu (Peru)

Coliseum (Rome)

Christ the redeemer (Brazil)

The great Pyramid (Egypt)

Taj Mahal (India)

The great wall of China (China)

Note: Spiny babbler is a bird that only found in Nepal.

Question: What is the scientific study of birds called? (Write answer in comment)

Tourism In Nepal

2020-04-13T10:48:00.002+05:45

Tourism in Nepal

Pashupatinath Temple

The person who visit foreign countries are called tourists. Mostly tourist like to visit natural and amazing things of different places. Our Nepal is also rich in natural beauties, gifts, resources and wonders. There are many religious, cultural, traditional and historical places in Nepal which helps to attract tourists.

Nowadays tourism industry is being very important in Nepal. Nepal is comfortable and suitable place for tourism industry. The nature has given many things to Nepal which are liked by tourists. Some tourist come here to enjoy the natural beauties and wonders. Some of them visit Nepal for trekking and climbing mountains. Some tourists visit our country Nepal to learn some thing about culture, religions, history, tradition and so on. We can see that some tourists came in our country to enjoy their vacations or holidays.

There are many religious and historical places in our country Nepal. Some of them are Pashupatinath temple, Lumbini, Ram janaki mandir, Mt. Everest, Manakamana, Pokhara, Krishna mandir of Patan, Chitwan national park, Boudhanath, Swyambhunath etc.

We can get many advantages from the tourists. We can earn foreign currency which can be used for the development of nation. Many people can get employment in the offices which are related to tourism industry. Thus it helps to decrease the problems of unemployment. Tourists buy our good, curios, and native articles of our country which helps to develop cottage industry of the country or nation. Tourism helps to develop hotel industry. Most of the tourist wants to live in good hotels. Many expensive and good hotels are providing services to the tourists and earning more money. Similarly many tourist guides are employed in it.

We can learn their languages, culture, and traditions from the tourists. They also learn many things from us. When they observed our country then they tell about our country to others which helps to make our country Nepal famous. When they observed our good culture, traditions, and things , they expose them in their country.

There are also few disadvantages of tourism. Some of the communicable diseases can be spread by tourists; it is the worst impact. Because of the tourists, some of the beauty places of our country Nepal is being polluted. We can see many bottles, plastic bags, and solid wastes even at the peck of the mountains. Some of the tourists can be criminal. They can do crimes here.

There are some problems in the fields of tourism in Nepal. Most of the beauty places of our country is in remote areas where there is lack of roads. We have to depend on air services only. Similarly the problems of security reduce the number of tourists. There are not standard hotels and lodge in remote areas. So the tourist don’t like to live there and visit that places.

We should try to promote tourisms sector by providing all the facilities to the tourists. All the respective sectors give high priority to promote it. The government should provide transportations facility and security to the tourists. Then the more and more tourists attracts here. From that we can earn more foreign currency and develop nation.

Industrialization

2020-04-13T10:37:00.003+05:45

Industrialization

The process of establishing industries in a country or area is called industrialization. Nowadays many countries in the world have been industrialized. Industries produce goods of various kinds and supply them to the customers. Each and every country wants to develop industries.

There are many problems to establish industry. Some of them are lack of skilled human resources, lack of capital, poverty, lack of transportation facility, lack of proper market, lack of modern technologies, lack of storage facility, etc. If we can able to solve these problems then we can easily develop industries. To solve these problems we should follow these points. We should manage skilled human resources, we should search proper market places, government should manage modern technologies and provide transportation facility.

If the industries developed then it will provide us many advantages. The economy of country is strengthened as the result of industrialization. Industries supplies many different goods to the people. Such as soap, tooth brush, sugar, biscuits etc. It helps to provide employment opportunities to the many people. Thus, it helps to solve the problem of unemployment. If the industries able to produce quality and more goods then it can also exports in other countries which helps to earn foreign currency and helps to develop nation. It reduces the imports and increases exports. As, a result a country becomes richer and richer. If the country is rich then it can provide good job, security and dignity. By the result national unity can be promoted by industrialization. Therefore, industrialization helps to develop nation rapidly.

There are the some disadvantages of the industries. We can see that the problems of pollution is killing people which is caused by the industries. Pollution invites many disadvantages and destruction. Industries causes air pollution, water pollution, land pollution and sound pollution as well. Many people face with the infection of different diseases caused by the pollution. Some people die due to that diseases which is caused by pollution. Industrialization caused imbalance in the environment which invites many natural disaster such as food, acid rain, etc. It is destroying not only the earth. It is also destroying the ozone layer of the earth. Ozone layer is the layer of atmosphere which protects the earth from the harmful radiation coming from the sun.

So, we should establish industry by making proper plan. Instead of using renewable and non renewable sources of energy we should we should use alternative sources of energy such as electricity to run industries. We should try to reduce the pollution produced by the industries.

Importance of natural resources in Nepal

2020-04-13T10:23:00.001+05:45

Importance of Natural Resources in Nepal


Water resources

The resources which we found in nature is called natural resources. The development of the countries depend on its natural resources. Natural resources provides many things such as food, water, raw materials for industries and so on. The major natural resources found in Nepal are water, forest and minerals. Among them minerals are not properly utilized in Nepal.

Nepal is rich in natural resources such as water, forests etc. If these resources are properly utilized, the development of country moves ahead. Natural resources can be utilized for various purposes. For example, water resources can be used for agricultural development, for industrial development, for the development of the tourism factory, to generate hydro electricity, for the development of alternative transport and so on. It means we can utilize water for the irrigation, rafting, boating, etc. In addition to it, water resources provides employment opportunities.

Similarly forest and minerals helps us to develop same sector in different ways. For example, we can get different medicinal herbs, timber, firewood, fruits, raw materials for industry from the forests. Likewise, minerals provides raw materials for the factory and provide employment to peoples. It is 100 percent true that natural resources help to develop nation.

But in Nepal natural resources are utilizing properly because of the many causes. Among them some of the causes are lack of skilled man powers, lack of modern technologies, lack of capital, lack of proper plan, lack of stable rules and regulation on the industries etc.

To utilize the natural resources properly government should make stable rules and regulation, government should manage skilled man powers and modern technologies, people should invest more to utilize natural resources etc.

We should not use natural resources more than required. We should preserve it for future generation also. We should stop destroying forests and polluting water resources. The government should implement strict rules to preserve natural resources. If we cannot able to preserve natural resources then the our future will be darkened.

To preserve nature natural resources should be preserved. If the one elements of the nature affected badly, all the others elements will influenced accordingly. Therefore, we should preserve and utilize natural resources properly.

Global warming

2020-04-12T11:11:00.000+05:45

Global warming

Global warming burning the Earth

The process of increasing average temperature of the earth atmosphere due to different causes is called global warming. According to the scientist the temperature of is gradually increasing mainly due to human activities.

Some of the major causes of global warming include emission of unwanted gases or greenhouses gases due to human activities and volcanic eruptions. Other causes are excessive use of petroleum products, burning of firewood, modern farming, smoke of different factories, vehicles, over population, unplanned urbanization and industrialization, deforestation etc. Simply we can say that these are the manmade causes of the global warming. Similarly volcanic eruption also contribute in the rising average temperature of the atmosphere.

There are the many negative effects of the global warming. Some of them are melting of glacier, rising sea level, weather extremes, such as heavy rain and no rain and so on. Some of the other effect of global warming are climate change, desertification agriculture yields, trade routes, glacier retreat, extinctions of animal and plants species. Global warming also causes many natural disaster such as flood. Because of the natural disaster, there is huge loss of life and property. Due to these disaster, economic losses, landslides, over-flood, etc are directly attributed. For example people cannot survive in extreme hot regions due to hot region they migrate to colder areas, which leads to over population problems in certain colder lands.

In order to alleviate the catastrophic effects of global warming , some of the preventive measures and solutions are implemented. For example, the gases produced from factories should be managed properly by developing modern technologies. Similarly instead of using petroleum products, electricity or solar power is to be used. Likewise preserve forest by preventing deforestation and doing afforestation programmes. By controlling over population growth and public awareness global warming can be controlled. We should make proper plan before urbanization and industrialization to control global warming.

Simply we can say that human beings are the prime causes of global warming. Their irrational activities have made the earth hotter and hotter. Therefore, each nation and person must promise not to pollute the nature.