I’m on Sado Island, the fifth largest of Japan’s main group of islands (after Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku) but one that foreigners hardly visit. Yet it’s here that the country got much of its wealth for centuries.

Specifically, it came from the Sado Gold Mines.

Even though there are lots of things to do on Sado Island, one of the highlights is visiting the Sado Gold Mines, which have now been added to the World Heritage List.

Emerging from the dark, cramped tunnels into the daylight, the contrast is stark. Spread across the mountainside are the remains of an enormous industrial operation.

Massive concrete processing plants stand abandoned, their cracked walls slowly being reclaimed by the encroaching forest. It feels a bit like stumbling onto the set of a post-apocalyptic movie.

These eerie ruins aren’t what you typically expect when you think of traditional Japan, which is better known for delicate wooden temples and perfectly manicured zen gardens here. But that’s exactly why you want to see them.

They offer a raw, unfiltered look at the relentless pursuit of gold and silver that funded the Tokugawa Shogunate for more than 250 years.

And as I wander between the old mining shafts and the crumbling stone terraces, I notice something else. I am almost the only foreigner here. Sado Island is wildly popular with domestic tourists, yet international travellers rarely make the ferry crossing from the mainland in Niigata.

It’s a genuine shame. By making the effort, you get an incredibly authentic experience without having to battle the overwhelming crowds you find in places like Kyoto or Tokyo.

Visiting the Sado Gold Mines nicely anchors an entire trip to the island, where you can easily spend a couple of days exploring the rugged coastline and small fishing villages. Because the mines are actually a collection of different areas scattered across the island, you’re going to be doing a bit of travel to see it all anyway.

Across the different parts of the Sado Gold Mines World Heritage Site, you’ll find that some parts showcase the primitive unmechanised techniques of the Edo period, while others fast-forward into the 19th and 20th centuries, with massive rusted machinery from when the operations were aggressively scaled up.

It’s this sprawling history spanning centuries of human endurance and engineering that makes the site so compelling. When you visit the Sado Mines, you’ll really get a sense of the sheer scale of the wealth that was pulled out of these mountains.

Why are the Sado Gold Mines a World Heritage Site?

When a place gets added to the World Heritage List, it’s usually because it represents a significant moment in human history. With the Sado Gold Mines, it’s all about isolation.

During the Edo period, the Tokugawa Shogunate basically locked Japan off from the rest of the world. While mining in Europe and the Americas was becoming rapidly mechanised, Sado Island had to rely on good old-fashioned manual labour.

And they got incredibly good at it.

The Sado Gold Mines are a World Heritage Site because they are an exceptional example of traditional unmechanised mining taken to its absolute limits.

Instead of using steam engines or heavy machinery, the Shogunate brought skilled workers from all over Japan to perfect manual techniques. They dug intricate tunnel networks, managed complex drainage systems, and refined high-purity gold – all by hand.

It was a massive, highly organised system that kept the country’s economy booming for over 250 years. And some experts even credit the innovations shown here with the technological advances that were to come in modern Japan.

When you visit today, you aren’t just looking at old rocks and holes in the ground. You’re seeing the absolute pinnacle of human endurance and ingenuity, born out of a stubborn refusal to let the outside world in.

Brief history of the Sado Gold Mines

People knew there was gold on Sado Island as far back as the 12th century, but it wasn’t until the 1600s that things really kicked into high gear.

At the start of the 17th century, the powerful Tokugawa Shogunate took direct control of the island. They knew that ruling a newly unified Japan was going to be expensive and they needed a reliable piggy bank.

For the next 250 years, Sado Island effectively bankrolled the samurai era.

The sheer volume of gold and silver pulled from these mountains gave the central government the wealth it needed to mint its own standard coins. This stabilised the country’s economy and kept rival warlords firmly in check.

Crucially, it also gave the Shogunate the financial independence to enforce its strict policy of national seclusion. They didn’t need to trade with the outside world because they were digging up all the wealth they needed right here.

It required a massive human effort, though. Thousands of skilled workers, miners, and officials were shipped over from the mainland to build a sprawling, unmechanised mining society in the mountains.

In fact, under the Shogunate’s management, the sleepy local fishing village of Aikawa rapidly expanded into a booming mining town. Its population soared to about 50,000 residents at its peak.

To put that into perspective, it meant this isolated mountain community was roughly the same size as major international trade portals like Nagasaki!

But all empires eventually crumble, and the Tokugawa Shogunate fell in 1868.

This marked the start of the Meiji era, a period when Japan aggressively opened up to the world. And once again, the Sado Mines played a pivotal role.

The new government immediately took over the mines and finally introduced Western machinery and modern engineering.

The wealth generated during this new, highly industrialised phase provided the financial kickstart for modern Japan. It funded the rapid development of infrastructure and industry, transforming the isolated nation into a global powerhouse in just a few decades.

Things to see at the Sado Gold Mines

An important thing to understand about the Sado Gold Mines is that it isn’t just one single hole in the ground.

Because the mining took place over 400 years and used entirely different techniques depending on the era and the geology, the attractions are actually scattered across different parts of Sado Island.

The bulk of the main sights are clustered around the town of Aikawa on the western coast. You can easily spend half a day just exploring this immediate area, moving from the modern museums to the old tunnels and the eerie industrial ruins.

But if you want to see the complete World Heritage property, you’ll need to travel further afield to some of the older, more isolated mining zones.

Taking a tour or renting a car is definitely the easiest way to string all of these together into a logical day trip. But you can also navigate the main spots using the local island buses if you plan your timetable carefully.

Here is a breakdown of the main things to see at the Sado Gold Mines and how they fit into a visit.

Kirarium Sado (Welcome Centre)

I would recommend making this your very first stop. Located right in the middle of Aikawa town, Kirarium Sado is a modern, interactive visitor centre that opened a few years ago.

While you might be tempted to rush straight up the mountain to the actual tunnels, stopping here gives you the vital context you need to understand what you’re going to look at.

The exhibits explain the complex history of the island, from the early placer mining techniques to the aggressive expansion by the Tokugawa Shogunate. There are great visualisations of how the massive underground tunnel networks were engineered without any modern machinery.

It takes about 45 minutes to go through, and it really helps you appreciate the scale of the human effort involved. Plus, it’s a comfortable, air-conditioned start to the day before you head out into the elements and the damp underground.

Sado Kinzan (Sado Gold Mine)

This is the main event. Located just a short drive up the hill from the Kirarium, Sado Kinzan is the blockbuster site where you actually head underground.

When you arrive, you’ll discover there are two main self-guided walking routes available, both of which are included in the combined ticket.

The most popular option is the Sodayu Mine course, which takes you into the Edo-period tunnels. Stepping inside, the air temperature instantly drops, and it feels damp and claustrophobic. You’ll have to crouch in sections, squeezing through shafts that were painstakingly chipped away by hand by samurai-era workers.

The path is lined with animatronic mannequins demonstrating the brutal reality of mining life. They’re a bit cheesy, but it helps you picture the tight and miserable conditions.

The alternative is the Doyu Mine course, which fast-forwards you into the Meiji era. Here, the tunnels are wider, reinforced, and showcase early Western machinery and tram tracks.

The big bonus of the Meiji route is that the exit path leads you directly to the base of the Doyu-no-warito. This is the iconic mountain peak that was literally split into a giant ‘V’ shape by centuries of relentless hand-mining.

I would give yourself up to 90 minutes to do both routes. But if you’re on a tight schedule, stick to the Edo-period Sodayu route for that raw primitive atmosphere.

Kitazawa Flotation Plant

Just down the road from the main tunnels, you’ll find the Kitazawa Flotation Plant. This is the spot that I think really looks like a post-apocalyptic movie set – and is a must-see.

It’s older than the Edo-period mines and was built in the 20th century to process ore using modern chemicals and machinery.

Now, the colossal stepped concrete foundations are completely overgrown with thick green vines and weeds. It’s an eerie beautiful ruin that perfectly captures the boom-and-bust cycle of the island’s industrial era.

It’s free to wander around the grassy areas at the base of the ruins, and it’s arguably the best photo opportunity on the entire island. You only need about 20 minutes here, making it an easy and essential stop as you head back down the mountain towards the coast.

Tsurushi Silver Mine Area

If you’re a serious history buff, you might want to take a detour to the Tsurushi Silver Mine. It’s located a bit further out from the Aikawa cluster, connected by an old mountain pass.

This area represents an older phase of mining, predating the massive gold rush. It’s where you can see evidence of surface mining and ‘chase-mining’, where workers essentially just dug diagonal holes into the rock to follow a specific silver vein.

Because it was abandoned centuries ago when the main Aikawa veins were discovered, the site is much more raw and overgrown. There are no flashy animatronics here, just old terraced landscapes and subtle archaeological remains slowly being swallowed by the forest.

To be honest, the average tourist can probably skip this. But if you want to escape the crowds and see a more untouched piece of the World Heritage puzzle, it’s a quiet and atmospheric detour.

Nishimikawa Placer Gold Mine

To see this final World Heritage component, you’ll need to leave the Aikawa area entirely and drive about 45 minutes south to the Nishimikawa district.

This is the oldest mining area on Sado Island, where instead of digging tunnels into solid rock, the workers used the ‘placer’ method. They essentially scraped the side of the mountain and used massive bursts of water from intricate, human-made channels to wash the gravel and separate the gold dust.

Today, the landscape is defined by these old waterways and the terraced settlements built on the discarded stones.

The main tourist drawcard here is the Sado Nishimikawa Gold Park, where you can actually grab a pan and sift for gold dust in the water yourself. It’s a bit touristy, but it’s a genuinely fun hands-on way to finish your journey, especially if you’re travelling with kids.

How to get to the Sado Gold Mines

Most people will start their journey to Sado Island from Niigata City on the mainland.

From Niigata Port, Sado Kisen operates two types of ferries to Ryotsu Port on the island. The standard car ferry takes about two and a half hours, while the high-speed jetfoil gets you there in just over an hour (but is usually double the price).

If you’re not bringing a vehicle across, the jetfoil is definitely the better option to save time.

Once you arrive at Ryotsu Port, you have a few choices. Sado Island is actually surprisingly large, so renting a car or getting a taxi is the easiest and most efficient way to get around. From Ryotsu Port, it’s about a 50-minute drive to the main Aikawa mining area.

If you’re relying on public transport, there are local buses that run from Ryotsu Port to Aikawa. The trip takes about an hour on the Hon-sen line, but the buses are fairly infrequent, so you’ll need to plan your schedule carefully.

From the Aikawa bus stop, you can then connect to another short bus ride up the hill to the main Sado Kinzan site. The one-day unlimited bus pass is ¥1500, which will normally be the best value.

Suggested itinerary for the Sado Gold Mines

If you’re doing a day trip from the mainland, here is how I would structure the day to maximise your time.

(Although, I really think you should stay a night or two, because there are so many things to do on Sado Island!)

This itinerary assumes you are taking the jetfoil and renting a car, which is the most efficient way to do it.

• 07:55: Catch the morning jetfoil from Niigata Port. Grab a coffee before you board.
• 09:05: Arrive at Ryotsu Port on Sado Island and pick up your rental car.
• 10:00: Arrive in Aikawa. Start at Kirarium Sado for the essential historical background.
• 11:00: Drive up the hill to Sado Kinzan. Take your time walking through both the Edo and Meiji tunnel routes, and check out the Doyu-no-warito split peak.
• 13:00: Head back down the hill and grab some lunch in Aikawa town.
• 14:00: Explore the eerie, overgrown concrete ruins of the Kitazawa Flotation Plant.
• 15:00: If you have the energy, drive south to the Nishimikawa Placer Gold Mine to try your hand at panning for gold. Alternatively, for something unrelated to the mines, go and check out the gorgeous coastline around the fishing village of Shukunegi.
• 16:30: Start the drive back to Ryotsu Port to drop off the rental car.
• 17:55: Catch the evening jetfoil back to Niigata. (There is also a 19:30 car ferry if you want to stay on the island a bit later, but it takes much longer).

Tours of the Sado Gold Mines

It can be a bit of a logistical challenge to organise everything for a day trip. The other option is to use this private guided tour from Niigata, which will take care of everything and show you around (it’s better value if you’re in a larger group).

If you’re visiting the Sado Gold Mines independently, you don’t actually need a guide for the main attractions. The two standard routes at Sado Kinzan – the Edo-period Sodayu course and the Meiji-period Doyu course – are completely self-guided.

You just buy your ticket, walk through at your own pace, and read the English signage.

However, if you want to dig a bit deeper (pun intended), there are some excellent specialised tours that you can book in advance.

• Guided Yamashi (Prospector) Tour: This is the one for the adventurous. Instead of the paved tourist routes, a guide takes you into pitch-black, untouched tunnels that are normally off-limits. You’ll be kitted out in boots and a helmet with a headlamp to explore the 400-year-old shafts. It takes about 70 minutes and genuinely feels like an underground expedition.
• Guided Industrial Heritage Tour: If you’re more interested in the broader infrastructure, this 70-minute tour takes you by bus and on foot around the above-ground sites in Aikawa. It’s a great way to get expert context on places like the Kitazawa Flotation Plant and the old Magistrate’s Office.
• Island Mirrorge: For something completely different, there’s a mixed reality (MR) tour through the Doyu tunnel where you wear special glasses to see holographic visualisations overlaid on the ruins.

It’s worth noting that the guided Yamashi and Industrial Heritage tours only run from April to November, and you absolutely must book them ahead of time. If you’re just showing up on the day, stick to the standard self-guided routes.

Tips for visiting the Sado Gold Mines

If you only have a day, I would strongly suggest focusing your energy exclusively on the Aikawa area.

You’ll get a brilliant mix of the modern museum at Kirarium Sado, the raw history of the Sado Kinzan tunnels, and the incredible visual of the Kitazawa Flotation Plant.

Don’t rush straight to the tunnels, though. Make sure you start at the Kirarium to get your bearings and understand the history – it’ll make everything else you see make much more sense.

Here are a few practical tips to keep in mind for your visit:

• If you’re going to Sado Kinzan and the Kirarium Sado, ask if there is a combination ticket, because there is often a promotion running.
• The underground tunnels sit at a chilly 10°C year-round. Even if you’re visiting in the peak of a hot Japanese summer, make sure you bring a light jacket or jumper.
• The tunnels can be damp and the rock floors uneven. Wear comfortable, enclosed shoes with decent grip.
• If you’ve rented a car, you’ll be pleased to know there is plenty of free parking at all the main Sado Gold Mine sites, including Kirarium and Sado Kinzan.
• The mines are very popular with domestic Japanese tourists. To avoid the biggest tour bus groups, try to visit the tunnels either right when they open or later in the afternoon.

But honestly, trying to squeeze Sado Island into a single day trip from the mainland is a bit of a marathon. If you can spare it, I highly recommend staying for at least a night or two.

Beyond the gold mines, there’s an entire rugged coastline to explore. You can drive along dramatic cliffs, visit the conservation centre for the rare crested ibis, or head down south to try paddling one of the traditional wooden tub boats.

It’s also an island with a surprisingly deep cultural scene, famous for its history of Noh theatre and world-class taiko drumming.

Plus, being surrounded by the cold waters of the Sea of Japan means the local seafood and sake are exceptional. Spending the evening in a local ryokan with a good meal is the perfect way to recover after a day spent crawling through damp mining tunnels.

Time Travel Turtle was supported by the Japan National Tourism Organization but the opinions, over-written descriptions and bad jokes are his own.

The post Visiting the Sado Gold Mines appeared first on Time Travel Turtle.

Because so much of the city – at least, the inner city – is focused on the heritage of the Habsburg dynasty, from the palatial residences like the Hofburg to the enormous Kunsthistorisches Museum that was built by the family to hold its vast art collection.

Some of the best things to do in Vienna involve these grand imperial sites and the elegant architecture that surrounds them. The historic part of the city is beautiful and you constantly feel like you are still in the centre of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, with all its riches and sophistication.

Even beyond the imperial history, it’s easy to spend days in Vienna exploring the heritage sites, visiting the museums and galleries, going to a classical concert, and maybe even taking a cruise on the Danube River.

But, of course, much of the city is modern – even if the facades don’t look that way. As you go further out from the city centre, you’ll find hipster neighbourhoods and great restaurants that blend multiculturalism with Viennese tradition. It’s worth exploring some of the street art, local markets, and boutique shops to see this side of Vienna.

In this guide to the best things to do in Vienna, I’ve focused a lot on the main landmarks because there is so much interesting and beautiful heritage to discover. But I’ve also included some lighter suggestions, like the amusement park in the Prater or hiking in the hills to a wine tavern.

My top tip for visiting Vienna is not to just spend your whole time in the historic centre of Innere Stadt. Spend some time in the neighbourhoods that have a more local feel, and also enjoy the parks, the river, and the hills.

The Hofburg

The Hofburg is not a single building, but rather a sprawling complex across much of Vienna’s historic centre. Serving as the nerve centre of the Habsburg empire, it grew continuously from a fortified 13th-century castle into a series of interconnected palaces.

This means that, today, there isn’t a single attraction you visit or ticket you buy. There are actually lots of different areas you can see, each with their own entry prices.

Imperial Apartments and Sisi Museum

The main attraction at the Hofburg (and what people probably mean if they are “visiting the Hofburg”) is the Imperial Apartments, the private residence that gives you a look into the lives and rigid court protocols of Emperor Franz Joseph and Empress Elisabeth.

The Emperor ruled for 68 years (from 1848 until 1916) and the 26 rooms currently open to the public reflect his austere private lifestyle in the audience chambers, studies, and shared bedrooms.

The attached Sisi Museum focuses on the life of his wife Elisabeth (known as Sisi) and strips away the extensive mythology to focus on things like her obsession with poetry and exercise. The museum holds over 300 of her personal items, including parasols and a replica of her embroidered coronation gown.

Austrian National Library

The Austrian National Library holds an archive of over 12 million individual items, but there’s one thing that’s usually the focal point – the State Hall.

Constructed in the 1720s, the hall is 80 metres long and 20 metres high, with a huge fresco painted on the ceiling. There are about 200,000 historic books on the heavy wooden shelves and important artefacts like Venetian globes placed throughout the space.

The library’s State Hall gets very busy so it’s worth arriving at opening time if you want photos. The library also has normal reading rooms where you can spend some time for a more modern atmosphere.

Spanish Riding School

Don’t get confused – yes, you’re in Austria. The Spanish Riding School gets its name from the Spanish horses that form the base breed of the Lipizzaner horses, made famous by the Habsburgs (and now bred on the Piber Stud Farm near Graz, which you can also visit).

This is the only institution in the world that has continuously practised classical dressage for over 450 years and you can see a performance in the Winter Riding School, a heavily ornamented riding hall from 1735 (or catch the morning warm-up for a cheaper ticket).

You can still see the horses without spending any money, though, because some of their stables are visible from the street as you walk past.

Imperial Treasury

The Imperial Treasury is, as the name suggests, a real treasure trove! It houses the most valuable items amassed by the Habsburg dynasty over nearly a millennium, all stored behind heavy vault doors.

The undisputed centrepiece is the Imperial Crown of the Holy Roman Empire, crafted in the late 10th century and defined by its distinctive octagonal shape and heavy jewel encrustation. You will also find the Austrian Imperial Crown here, created in 1602.

Beyond the crowns, the vault contains massive uncut emeralds, intricate coronation robes, and items of profound religious significance, including pieces alleged to be the Holy Lance and fragments of the True Cross.

More museums

You’ll get exhausted if you try to see it all, but there are a few more museums in the Hofburg complex that may be of interest:

• House of Austrian History: it focuses on the complex political history of Austria from the collapse of the Habsburg empire in 1918 through to the present day.
• Ephesos Museum: a collection of monumental ancient Greek and Roman ruins, including the 40-ton Parthian Monument, excavated by Austrian archaeologists in modern-day Turkey.
• Weltmuseum Wien: an expansive ethnographic museum containing over 200,000 objects from around the world, including an Aztec feather headdress often attributed to Moctezuma II.
• Historical Musical Instruments Collection: included with a ticket for the Weltmuseum, it has instruments used by musicians like Schubert, Liszt, and Mahler.
• Imperial Armoury: also included with a ticket for the Weltmuseum, it mostly has ceremonial armour and weapons on display.

Other main sights

If you are short of time and trying to choose the most important things to do in Vienna, then these are the other key sights to consider alongside the Hofburg.

Schönbrunn Palace

Even though it’s less than five kilometres from the Hofburg, Schönbrunn Palace was the summer residence of the Habsburg family. As well as the enormous 1,441-room Rococo building, there’s a huge garden that was once part of hunting fields.

A World Heritage Site in its own right, I think visiting Schönbrunn Palace is a highlight in Vienna (although tickets are not cheap). It’s one of the grandest palaces in Europe but with some of the unhappiest residents, according to the guides.

Make sure you don’t miss the gardens, which have lots of different things to see, including the Gloriette monument perched on the hill and the Tiergarten Schönbrunn, which opened in 1752 and remains the oldest continuously operating zoo in the world.

There can be huge queues to buy tickets on the day, so I would suggest skipping the line with this interesting and affordable guided tour.

Belvedere Palace

If you’re not palaced-out, I also want to mention Belvedere Palace, located in the third district of the city. While it is referred to as a single palace, there are actually two main buildings (and some smaller ones) spread across the estate.

Historically home to various Habsburg dynasty members over the years, the complex now functions as a major national museum.

The Upper Belvedere houses an extensive collection of Austrian art, including the world’s largest collection of Gustav Klimt paintings. The Lower Belvedere has works that include the ancient periods, while Belvedere 21 focuses on contemporary art, film and music.

St Stephen’s Cathedral

Right in the centre of the historic part of the city, it’s impossible to miss the towering, multi-coloured tile roof and the distinctive Gothic spires of St Stephen’s Cathedral.

The current Romanesque and Gothic form is largely from 1359, standing on the ruins of two earlier churches. With the south tower reaching exactly 136.4 metres high, it’s the tallest church in Austria and has 13 working bells that can chime out across the city.

The towers have ruled supreme over the city’s skyline for centuries and continue to be an iconic symbol in the city today. At 137m high, it is also the tallest church in Austria and visiting it is a must. The cathedral also houses 13 bells that you will be able to see during your visit, the most famous of them called the Pummerin.

More churches

While St Stephen’s Cathedral is one of the most iconic buildings in the city, there are some other interesting churches in Vienna that are worth visiting if you want to see more of the glorious art and architecture.

Karlskirche

Completed in 1739, Karlskirche stands on the south side of Karlsplatz as a prime example of Baroque architecture. Interestingly, the design blends ancient Greek, Roman, and contemporary Viennese elements.

The exterior is defined by a massive green dome and two large intricately carved columns that flank the entrance. Inside, the ceiling is covered in expansive frescoes. At the high altar, you can see a detailed carving that shows St Charles intervening to save Vienna from the plague of 1713.

To get the best view of the ceiling frescoes, pay the entrance fee to use the panoramic elevator, which takes you directly up into the dome. It saves your legs and gives you a close-up look at the brushwork. 

St Peter’s Catholic Church

Another major Baroque structure within the Innere Stadt is St Peter’s Catholic Church. Although it was consecrated in 1733, it sits on the site of an early Roman encampment, leading some historians to claim it’s the oldest continuous church foundation in Vienna.

The interior footprint is incredibly compact, yet the oval-shaped nave is packed with high-Baroque art, gold leaf, and elaborate stucco work. The church also formally houses the skeletal remains of both St Benedict and St Donathus, which were transferred here in the 18th century and are displayed in glass coffins.

Capuchin’s Crypt

Located directly beneath the unassuming exterior of the Capuchin Church, you’ll find the Imperial Crypt, commonly known as the Capuchin’s Crypt. Founded in 1618 by Empress Anna, the primary purpose of this sprawling subterranean space was to serve as the final resting place for members of the Habsburg dynasty.

The sprawling crypt network currently holds the physical remains of exactly 149 Habsburgs, which includes 12 former emperors and 18 empresses. The metal sarcophagi range wildly in design from simple, austere lead boxes to massive, highly elaborate Rococo tombs.

Two of the most frequently visited tombs belong to Emperor Franz Joseph and his wife, Empress Elisabeth (Sisi), who you may remember as the last residents of the Imperial Apartments in the Hofburg.

The Ringstrasse

Following on from the main sights in the Innere Stadt are those located on the Ringstrasse. The 5.3km circular boulevard encompasses the Inner Stadt is home to some of Vienna’s most famous museums and sights. This was no coincidence as it was carefully planned as a showcase of the glory and grandeur of the Habsburg Empire. 

Vienna Opera House

The Vienna Opera House, or Staatoper as it is known locally, is one of the world’s most beautiful and famous opera houses, located on the Ringstrasse. It has housed works from some of the most famous performers such as Mozart, Richard Strauss, Richard Wagner and Luciano Pavarotti. 

The 1,709-seater Renaissance Revival venue was built between 1861 and 1869 and continues to wow audiences to this day. And let me tell you – the tickets are worth their weight in gold! The experience is nothing short of unforgettable and if you have the time, do yourself a favour and go see a show. You’ll thank me later!

An alternative to the Vienna Opera House, if tickets are sold out, is the Burgtheater – a short commute by tram along the Ringstrasse.

Austrian Parliament

The Austrian Parliament in Vienna, designed by Architect Theophil Hansen, is where the two houses of parliament conduct their business. Located near the Palace of Justice and Hofburg Palace on the Ringstrasse in Inner Stadt, it is possible to visit both the Palais Epstein and the main building as a tourist. All you have to do is register and then you’re good to go. The tour is free and is offered in both English and German.

You can also browse the on-site library and even have a traditional Viennese coffee at the café next door. There’s even a rooftop restaurant that serves up some delicious cuisine, with amazing views of downtown Vienna.

Rathaus

Located on Rathausplatz, Rathaus, or the Vienna City Hall, serves as the seat for both the city and provincial government. This is because Vienna is both a city and a province, in case you were wondering. There are more than 1,500 rooms in the building that house the hundreds of officials that are based there.

The Rathaus is considered to be one of the gems of the boulevard and is one of the favourite places to visit – well, it was one of mine at least. It’s possible to visit one of the seven inner courtyards for free, provided you join up with a local tour.

Parks and gardens

Museums

Next up are the incredible Viennese museums, often regarded as some of the best in the world. From housing objects of global importance to hosting top international exhibitions, it’s easy to see why this somewhat bold statement rings true.

Museum Quarter

To say that the Museum Quartier is nothing short of impressive would be an understatement. Spread of 90,000 m2, MQ as it is abbreviated to, has no less than 60 cultural institutions that are spread out over central Vienna. While the area is free to enter, with no formal barriers or gates, you have to purchase tickets for each of the individual museums you wish to visit.

Some of the most notable institutions in the MQ include The Sigmund Freud Museum, The Kunsthistorisches Museum, The Leopold Museum, The Albertina and The KunstHausWien. You can expect a vast spectrum of works ranging from photography, music, art, theatre and dance to street art, children’s culture, fashion and even game culture. It would be difficult to leave not feeling inspired.

Kunsthistorisches Museum

The Kunsthistorisches Museum, which translates to the Art History Museum, is found along the Ringstrasse in Vienna. The museum houses some of the world’s finest artworks, including rare and precious works from the Middle Ages, Baroque era and even the Renaissance. It’s best to dedicate at least a morning or an afternoon to visiting the museum as one can easily spend up to three or four hours exploring.

Some of the highlights of the Kunsthistorisches Museum include the famous “Saliera”, the exoctica complex and the impressive collection of Emperor Kaiser Rudolf II. Across the square from the Kunsthistorisches Museum is another one the world’s most important museums of its kind, the Museum of Natural History, which cannot be missed.

Albertina

Located in the Inner Stadt, Albertina houses some of the most important graphical collections in the world. There are believed to be in region of a million old master prints, photographs, architectural drawings and more modern graphic works. There are also in the region of 65,000 drawings housed at the museum – try wrapping your head around those figures. 

Not only is this the largest collection of its kind in the world, it is also the most valuable. In recent years, a collection of 1,323 works was received that was part of the Essl Collection, believed to have a value of around €90 million. That gives you a small idea of the value of the works housed at Albertina!

Jewish Museum

The Jewish Museum, known locally as the Jüdisches Museum Wien, is found in the heart old town and strives to provide an insight into the harsh struggle of the Jewish community in Austria. It serves as a centre for history, culture and arts, housing displays of a somewhat paradoxical nature. “Shocking, yet not shocking enough” has been used to describe the exhibitions that are housed in the museum.

The Our City! Exhibition is housed at the main museum site at Dorotheergasse and is spread over the first and second floors. The presentations (daily items, photos and documents) are nothing short of horrific but are there for us to learn from history to ensure that it doesn’t ever repeat itself.

Sigmund Freud Museum

The final Viennese museum of significance is the Sigmund Freud Museum – a must-see when visiting the city. The museum is solely dedicated to the life and works of the Austrian neurologist, regarded as the father of psychoanalysis and who revolutionized the idea of self-image. 

His former apartment and surgery, found at Wien IX, Berggasse 19, is now the home of the famous museum. Some of the highlights of the museum include viewing the working of Freud’s old surgery and living quarters as well as original documents, objects and photographs.

Culture

Music, theatre, operas and concerts are a huge part of Viennese culture and have been for centuries. Many world-famous music composers have lived and worked in Vienna and the city is considered to be one of the music capitals of the world. It is also considered to be the cultural capital of Austria – and it’s easy to see why.

Classical music concert

Even if classical music is not your thing, it is highly recommended to dip your feet in the sea of classical music concerts that Vienna has to offer. While the venues themselves are enough to entice you, the music itself is spectacular. Your tympanic membranes will be graced with excerpts from Mozart, pieces from John Strauss and works from the Viennese classical period. 

The Musikverein is one of the most famous places to watch a classical music concert, where you can hear the classics performed by a live orchestra. Alternatively, you can visit the Karlskirche and listen to the Four Seasons by Vivaldi – a real musical history journey. 

The Prater

The Prater, a large park and green area in Vienna, is home to one of the oldest amusement parks in the world. Once the imperial hunting grounds, it opened to the public in 1766 and houses one of the symbols of Vienna – a giant Ferris wheel that stands over 200m high.

The Prater is open year-round, with the attractions closing over the winter months. There are some 250 different attractions on offer from shooting booths and ball toss to roller coasters, merry-go-rounds and even an old Viennese grotto train. The area is free to enter, and you can spend hours cruising up and down the stall-lined avenues. 

Hundertwasserhaus

The Hundertwasserhaus is one of the most famous works of Austrian painter, architect and printmaker Friedensreich Hundertwasser. The apartment block was completed in 1985 and belongs to the city today. Unfortunately, it’s not possible to go inside but you can marvel at the works of Hundertwasser from the outside.

You can, however, visit Museum Hundertwasser im Kunst Haus Wien, which was designed by Hundertwasser himself. It’s the only museum of its kind to house permanent works of Friedensreich Hundertwasser but also hosts continuously changing temporary exhibits of other artists.

Street Art

Street art has become increasingly popular in Vienna and these artworks can be seen throughout the city. Graffiti artists use the city’s walls, archways and rails as their medium and decorate them with bright colours and spray-painted depictions. 

One of the most famous areas to see these works is The Danube Canal, often referred to as the epicentre for street art in Vienna. It is a tributary of the main river and the unofficial outdoor exhibition space for street artists. You can also spot the colourful artworks when on a bus, tram or strolling through the city so always keep your eyes peeled. 

Neighbourhoods

Vienna has 23 neighbourhoods scattered across the city, and each has its own unique charm and attractions. These are a few of the top ones I’d recommend when visiting Vienna. The city has a pretty impressive transport system with buses, trains and trams in operation so getting between them is easy.

Neubau

Neubau, the 7th district of Vienna, is best known for its vintage stores, galleries and trendy bars and restaurants. The busier Mariahilfer Strasse borders Neubau to the south, the Gürtel to the west and Lerchenfelder Strasse to the north.

You can expect to find both hipster-style thrift stores as well as high-end retro boutiques. During the autumn, there are also flea markets that take place along the Neubaugasse with local vendors selling their goods.

Karmeliterviertel

The Karmeliterviertel, at the centres of Vienna’s 2nd district, Leopoldstadt, is the epicentre of the Jewish community in the city. You can expect to find a number of Kosher bakeries, butcheries, stores and restaurants as well as both religious and cultural institutions and schools. 

Aside from this, Karmeliterviertel has a somewhat laid-back feel to it, with a bustling art scene and a number of galleries and shops to compliment it. Much of the attraction is centred on the Karmelitermarkt which is home to an impressive culinary scene.

Wieden

Wieden, the 4^th district of Vienna, is very much the hip and happening, cool district of the city. It is definitely a different side of the city, free of pretences, ballgowns and expensive artworks. With Karlskirche at the epicentre of the district, it is home to some of the city’s most iconic and visited landmarks. Think Belvedere Palace, the botanical gardens, the naschmarkt and the Wien Museum.

Wieden also has a younger, excitable vibe to it with a plethora of contemporary galleries, hip coffee shops and an impressive culinary scene. 

The Danube

Now, The Danube River isn’t like any old river – it’s the largest river in Austria and the second longest river in the whole of Europe. Not only does it flow through Austria’s capital, but through three other capital cities in Europe – Bratislava, Belgrade and Budapest. It is both an iconic symbol in Vienna as well as an important trade artery too.

River cruise

What better way to see the city than a boat cruise on the Danube River. There are a number of different cruise options ranging from 75-minutes up to 3-hours that take you past some of the top sites in the city. There is also a restaurant onboard that serves up some delicious dishes to accompany the tour. You can take pick from the apple strudel, schnitzel, lunch or dinner cruise options and even sip on your favourite beverage – take about cruising in comfort. 

If you have a bit more time on your hands and are up for an adventure, you can take an 8-day cruise along the Danube all the way to Budapest. 

Swimming

Swimming in the Danube River is a popular summertime activity, especially when the temperatures soar. It’s the perfect way to cool off or even do a spot of open-water swimming training. Some of the most popular swimming spots along the river include An der Oberen Alten Donau, Neue Donau, Romaplatz, An der Unteren Alten Donau and of course, the most well-known, Strandbad Gänsehäufel.

Another way to see the city is by kayak on the Danube River. Whether on a relaxed tour to see the city or a sunset paddle with your friends, it’s a fun activity for both locals and foreigners alike.

Danube Tower

The Danube Tower, or Donauturm as it’s known locally, is an iconic Viennese symbol. Located in Donaustadt at Donauturmplatz, the impressive silver tower stands 252m high. The best part of it is that you can take an express lift up to the observation deck, 150m off the ground. You are greeted with unparalleled views and it’s a great way to see the city from above. There is also a restaurant, café and inside terrace at the top of the tower.

A smaller insider tip – if you have a Vienna PASS, you are granted free admission up the tower. The PASS is available online and also on the bus.

Tours

Guided tours are a great way to see the city as more often than not, when you do it yourself, you miss out on things. Rather leave it to the professionals – guides have insider knowledge and can share some unusual facts and show you a side of the city that you might have otherwise missed. 

General city tour

Guided tours are a great way to discover the city and its most iconic sights as you are in the capable and experienced hands of a guide. You will also learn a great deal about the city that you might not have learnt otherwise.

Take this walking tour, for example. You’ll get to discover the former imperial palace of the Habsburgs, visit Mozart’s residence, discover Vienna’s old town and even visit one of the most famous coffee houses in the city.

Hidden gems

Who doesn’t love finding a hidden gem, especially when it comes to a new city that you are visiting for the first time? A great example is this underground walking tour of Vienna. You’ll get to discover the archaeological site at Michaelerplatz and see mummies of former noble figures in the crypt of St. Michael’s Church.

There’s also a tour that explores courtyards & mysterious places in Vienna –  a unique way to learn about the lesser-known places in the city and learn about the legends of the courtyards. Lastly, there’s a hidden gems tour – think myths and legends, charming courtyards and winding alleyways. 

Food tour

One of my favourite ways to discover a new country or city is through its food. Vienna has a great food and drink culture, with some amazing local markets, cafes, restaurants and coffee houses. A fun way to discover the local food and drink culture is through a local walking food tour. 

An expert local guide will take you to some of the best local markets, you will learn all about the local Viennese coffee culture and try both savoury and sweet snacks from local eateries. The best part of it all? It’s a walking tour so it’s carbon neutral.

Food and drink

As I mentioned previously, a great way to discover a new country or city is through its food (and drinks). You know what they say, the way to every person’s heart is through their stomach. Vienna has some pretty amazing local dishes, an incredible local coffee culture and some trendy cafes, bars and restaurants.

Naschmarkt

The Vienna Naschmarkt is the most popular market in the city, open daily barring Sundays. The market has around 120 stands of varying cuisines, from Viennese to Vietnamese and everything in between. There are also a number of restaurants, bars and cafes in the area around the Naschmarkt so there’s plenty to choose from.

Saturdays are particularly busy as there’s also a flea market on the go, with local vendors selling their products. A fun summertime activity is to sit outside with your food and beverage and watch the passers-by. 

Local food

There are a number of Viennese specialities that you have to try when visiting the city. There is a rich culinary heritage, and it makes for a popular venue for foodies from all over the world. The Wiener Schnitzel is one of the most famous dishes – a crumbed and fried veal meat that is pounded and tenderized and is usually served with fries.  

Erdäpfelsalat is another popular dish – a much lighter local take on a potato salad that incorporates chicken broth for added flavour. Wurstelstande are also a common sight in Vienna that is a must-try. They are traditional street food shops that specialize in sausages, hot dogs and sides.

Cafe culture

The café culture in Vienna is second to none, with a focus on the coffeehouse culture. coffeehouses are to the Viennese what pubs are to the British. Café Central is considered to be the most popular café in the city, usually sporting a pretty long queue of tourists. Aside from its sheer magnificence, it has also served coffee to the likes of Leon Trotsky Adolf Loos, and none other than Sigmund Freud. Some of the other notable ones include Café Schwarzenberg, Demel and Vollpension.

Vienna has thousands of coffeehouses that all share a common value – they celebrate Viennese coffee and its history. So, no matter which café you choose you’re bound to have a great experience. 

Heuriger wine taverns

A heuriger is a traditional Viennese wine tavern, usually small, rustic places that serve delicious wines and simple food. ‘Heuriger Wine’ translates to “this year’s wine’ so traditionally the taverns served the freshest wines directly from the producers, along with simple cold cuts of meat.

Today, Viennese heuriger serves up a few more options, but it is usually limited to some homemade bread, spreads, cheese and other simple platter items. A fun way to discover the taverns is with the Vienna Heuriger Express, a hop-on hop-off shuttle.

Day trips

If you feel like you’ve conquered all the sights in Vienna or simply want to escape the city for a day, there are a number of day trips that you can embark on. It’s even possible to leave the country and come back on the same day, especially if you fancy visiting somewhere like Bratislava in Slovakia. 

Wachau Valley

The Wachau Valley, found to the west of Vienna, is a section of the Danube Valley between Krems and Melk. It’s the perfect place to head for a day trip from the city. The area is well known for its grape and apricot production, used for producing liquors and wine respectively. 

I’d recommend jumping on an organized tour that includes your travel to and from the Wachau Valley as it just makes things much easier. A full Wachau, Melk Abbey and Danube Valley tour includes all the top sights such as the Benedictine Abbey of Melk, the imperial history on the Blue Danube and the ruins of Dürnstein Castle. 

Mauthausen Concentration Camp

The Mauthausen Concentration Camp, one of the worst of all the Nazi camps, is located near the village of Mauthausen close to Linz in upper Austria. The camp housed Jews, political prisoners as well as Soviet prisoners of war that were in operation during the Second World War. It was liberated by the Americans at the beginning of May 1945.

You can easily and effortlessly visit the camp and it’s recommended to take a day trip from Vienna. You will be driven to and from the camp and will visit significant sites such as the Room of Names, the prisoner barracks, SS Quarters, the Wiener-Graben Quarry and the Mauthausen Museum.

Hallstatt

The village of Hallstadt is located on the western shores of Lake Hallstadt in the Salzkammergut region of Austria. The area is famous for its production of salt that dates back to prehistoric times. A full day trip to Hallstatt and Salzkammergut is the perfect escape from Vienna and makes for a fun day out. 

The day trip includes a scenic bus ride through the Austrian Alps, exploring the Salzkammergut UNESCO World Heritage Site and in summertime, a boat ride on the Hallstätter See (the Hallstätter Lake). You’ll also get some free time to explore the village before heading back to Vienna.

Other cities

The post Things to do in Vienna appeared first on Time Travel Turtle.

There are several reasons for this: much of the coastal geography doesn’t suit big developments, fertile areas tend to be inland, and cities away from the sea were more secure against naval attacks.

So, when you go to South Korea’s second-largest city, you immediately notice the difference. So many of the things to do in Busan involve the water and the coastline.

I tend to focus on the coast when I’m in Busan. Partly that’s because it’s a nice change from other parts of the country, but also because it’s just really beautiful.

And, it’s also worth adding, a lot of fantastic experiences have been developed along the water and I think they are some of Busan’s best attractions.

You’ll find a range of coastal trails in Busan, from easy and accessible to more difficult hiking. While there are gorgeous temples in the mountains, you’ll also find important religious complexes along the water. And the beaches are perfect for a summer swim or just for a seaside meal.

Busan also has important heritage sites, interesting museums, vibrant food streets, and cute neighbourhoods. They’re spread across the city but it’s easy enough to connect to most of them.

If you’re short of time, these are the top things to do in Busan that I would recommend focusing on:

• Haeundae Blueline Park: One of the most beautiful stretches of coast with three different modes of transport along the trail.
• Haedong Yonggungsa: The iconic seafront temple full of history and offering stunning views.
• Gamcheon Culture Village: An artistic community in the hills that’s full of fun installations and shops to discover.
• Jagalchi Fish Market: A busy market with lots to see and good places to eat around the stalls.

But hopefully you’ll be able to visit Busan for long enough to see even more. One of the nicest things about this city is just taking your time to explore the parks, paths, and villages along the water – something that shouldn’t be rushed.

Beaches

Busan is defined by its coastline, where the sand acts as the city’s living room. The beaches here distinguish the districts, separating polished skyscrapers from gritty fish markets, and knowing which strip of sand suits your mood is essential to understanding the local geography.

Haeundae Beach

You have to start with Haeundae because it is the self-proclaimed “most famous beach in Korea.” That title brings a sense of grandeur, but I have to be honest, the chaotic energy here can be overwhelming. Stretching 1.5 kilometres along the eastern coast, the beach is flanked by a wall of high-rise luxury apartments that cast long shadows in the late afternoon.

Historically, the area was much quieter. It was named by the scholar Choe Chi-won in the 9th century, who was so taken by the view he carved his pen name into a rock on the nearby Dongbaekseom Island.

Today, you won’t find much solitude. In the height of summer, the local authorities set up thousands of parasols in military-style rows, a phenomenon that earned a Guinness World Record in 2008 for the most beach umbrellas, with 7,937 counted in a single day.

If you visit in July or August, forget about a relaxing swim. You will essentially be bobbing upright in the water with thousands of others in yellow rubber rings.

Instead of fighting for a free spot on the sand, I’d suggest going to the ticket machines on the promenade immediately upon arrival to rent a parasol and mat. Alternatively, walk to the western end near the Westin Josun hotel, where the curve of the bay offers a wider perspective without the sea of humanity.

Gwangalli Beach

If Haeundae is the frenetic big brother, Gwangalli is the cooler, younger sibling that only really wakes up after sunset. Located west of Haeundae, this 1.4-kilometre curve of fine sand is less about swimming and more about the view.

The horizon is dominated by the Gwangandaegyo (Diamond Bridge), a massive suspension bridge that spans 7.4 kilometres across the bay. It’s the main character of the district, illuminated at night with thousands of LED lights that shift colour with the season.

The atmosphere is distinctly urban, lined with a tight row of cafes and pubs looking out to the water. The main drawcard these days is the Gwangalli M Drone Light Show. Every Saturday evening, traffic is halted and roughly 500 to 1,000 drones take to the sky to form synchronized images above the water.

It’s impressive technology, but it draws massive crowds. Personally, I think the smartest move is to skip the scramble for a spot on the sand and book a table at one of the second-floor pubs on the strip. If you get there an hour before the 8:00 PM or 10:00 PM showtimes, you get the same view without the sand in your shoes.

Songjeong Beach

Heading back east past Haeundae, you reach Songjeong Beach, which feels like a different coastal ecosystem. While the other beaches are obsessed with night views and skyscrapers, Songjeong is the surfing capital of South Korea.

The sport only took off here in the late 1990s, when the first surf school opened its doors. Now, the 1.2-kilometre beachfront is packed with rental shops and schools. The vibe is scruffy and laid-back, with campervans parked along the back road and locals walking around in wetsuits regardless of the season.

The shallow seabed creates gentle, consistent rollers that are ideal for longboards. I reckon this is actually the best place in the country to learn to surf, as you can walk into almost any of the shops lining the road and grab a board and wetsuit rental for a half-day for around 30,000 to 40,000 won.

Just be aware that during the summer months, the swimming and surfing zones are strictly separated by buoys. The lifeguards are militant about keeping the board-riders in their designated lane, so watch where you paddle.

Songdo Beach

On the southern side of the city, Songdo Beach offers a trip back in time. This was Korea’s first designated public beach, opening in 1913. For decades it fell into disrepair, but a massive redevelopment project has turned it into a nostalgic hub for coastal walking.

The bay is anchored by the Songdo Cloud Trails, a curved walkway that snakes out over the ocean for 365 metres. Parts of the floor are made of tempered glass, allowing you to look straight down at the water crashing against the pylons below.

Overhead, the Busan Air Cruise cable car ferries passengers across the bay. It’s a revival of an old aerial tramway that ran here in the 1960s before being demolished.

The restoration includes some artificial elements, like large statues of whales rising out of the water. I’ll admit, these can feel a bit kitsch, but the walk itself is genuinely pleasant. The best way to tackle this is to walk the Cloud Trails for free, but splash out the extra few thousand won for the “Crystal Cabin” cable car. Seeing the coastline from 86 metres up through the transparent floor provides a perspective you just don’t get from the sand.

Coastal paths

Busan’s coastline is dramatic, with mountains that drop straight into the sea, meaning some of the best views aren’t from the beaches, but from the trails that hug the cliffs. The city has invested heavily in making these accessible, turning what used to be military patrol routes or abandoned train tracks into some of the most scenic walks in the country.

Haeundae Blueline Park

I have to say, this is one of the best examples of urban regeneration I’ve seen in Korea. The Haeundae Blueline Park was built on the old Donghae Nambu Line railway tracks, which were closed in 2013. Now, it’s a 4.8-kilometre route that runs along the coast from Haeundae to Songjeong.

There are a few ways to do this. You can walk along the Green Railway, which is a wooden deck path that follows the tracks, or you can take the Sky Capsule or Beach Train. I know the Sky Capsules – those cute, colourful little pods you see all over Instagram – look fun, but be warned: they are incredibly slow and often booked out weeks in advance.

The highlight for me is the stop at Cheongsapo, a small fishing village with a row of grilled clam restaurants right on the water. Here, you’ll find the Cheongsapo Daritdol Observatory, a 72.5-metre long pier that juts out over the ocean. It’s shaped like a blue dragon to match local legend, and parts of the floor are transparent glass.

It’s free to enter, but you have to put on soft shoe covers to protect the glass. My tip? Skip the expensive capsule ride. Walk the 2 kilometres from Mipo Station to Cheongsapo to earn your lunch, then catch the cheaper Beach Train for the return leg if your legs are tired.

Igidae Coastal Walkway

If you want something a bit more rugged, I’d recommend the Igidae Coastal Walkway. This 4.7-kilometre trail connects Igidae Park to Oryukdo Park and offers what I think is the single best view of the Busan skyline, with the Gwangandaegyo Bridge and Marine City framing the shot.

Historically, this area was used for military operations and was off-limits to civilians until 1993. Because of that restricted access, the forest and cliffs are remarkably well-preserved. The path is a mix of wooden decks, suspension bridges, and dirt tracks that wind up and down the cliffside. It’s not a flat stroll and there are plenty of stairs, so bring water.

The trail ends (or starts, depending on your direction) at the Oryukdo Skywalk. This glass horseshoe bridge extends 9 metres out from the cliff, hovering 35 metres above the waves.

It’s a popular spot, so expect a queue for the photo op. Personally, I prefer starting the hike here at Oryukdo and walking north towards Igidae. That way, you’re walking towards the view of the city and the bridge, rather than having it behind you the whole time.

Taejongdae Resort Park

Located on the southern tip of Yeongdo Island, Taejongdae is a bit of a trek to get to from the main city centre, but I reckon it’s worth the effort for the sheer scale of the scenery. It’s named after King Taejong Muyeol of the Silla Kingdom, who apparently used to come here to practice archery in the 7th century.

The park is huge, covering roughly 440 acres of thick pine forest and rocky cliffs. The main loop road is about 4.3 kilometres long. You can walk it, but there’s also the Danubi Train, a hop-on-hop-off shuttle that circles the major sights.

The star attraction is the Yeongdo Lighthouse, built in 1906, which clings to a jagged precipice. From the observation deck, on a clear day, you can actually see Tsushima Island in Japan, which is about 50 kilometres away.

Below the lighthouse, you can walk down to the rocky Sinseon Rock. It’s a bit hairy in high winds, and I wouldn’t recommend getting too close to the edge. There’s usually a pop-up tent down there where local women (haenyeo divers) sell fresh raw fish and soju. It’s a bit pricey and touristy, but eating sliced octopus on a rock while waves crash a few metres away is an experience you won’t forget.

Heritage sites

Busan might look like a futuristic metropolis of glass and steel, but if you scratch the surface, the history is deep. The city was the only major area not captured by North Korean forces during the war, meaning it became a refuge that preserved layers of heritage that were wiped out elsewhere.

Beomeosa Temple

Located high up on the slopes of Mt Geumjeongsan, Beomeosa is the city’s most important spiritual centre. It was originally founded in 678 AD by the monk Ui Sang, though most of what you see today dates back to 1613, after the original structures were burned down during the Japanese invasions of the late 16th century.

I have to be honest, a lot of temples in Korea can start to look the same after a while, but Beomeosa has a weight to it that feels different. It’s not just a tourist site; it’s an active monastery. Walking through the One Pillar Gate, you pass through a wisteria habitat that includes over 500 vines, some of which are more than 100 years old.

The sheer scale of the complex is impressive, with multiple courtyards rising up the mountain. I’d recommend taking the time to sit near the main hall and just listen to the chanting and the wind chimes. It cuts through the city noise completely.

Getting here requires a bit of effort. You need to take the subway to Beomeosa Station and then hop on bus No. 90 for the winding trip up the mountain. My tip is to avoid the weekends if you can, as it gets packed with local hikers heading for the summit.

Geumjeong Fortress

From Beomeosa, you can actually hike directly to the Geumjeong Fortress, which is the largest mountain fortress in the country. It was built in 1703 during the Joseon Dynasty, essentially to stop invaders from coming up from the sea.

The stone walls snake along the ridge for about 17 kilometres. To be fair, walking the entire perimeter is a serious trek that will take you all day, and I don’t think you need to do the whole thing to get the point. The North Gate is easily accessible from the temple and gives you a good sense of the fortifications.

However, the real reason I’m including this section is to tell you about the walk to Seokbulsa Temple.

It’s a tricky hike to find, located about 3 kilometres from the South Gate, but it is absolutely worth the sweat. Unlike the wooden pavilions elsewhere, Seokbulsa is carved directly into the 40-metre-high rock walls of the mountain.

The Buddhist images are etched into the stone, creating a U-shaped chamber that feels ancient and hidden. I think it’s the most underrated site in Busan, mostly because tour buses can’t get anywhere near it. You will need decent shoes and a map app, but standing in that stone courtyard alone is a memory that sticks.

Haedong Yonggungsa

While most Korean temples are tucked away in the mountains, Haedong Yonggungsa sits right on the rocky coastline, with waves crashing against the steps. It was built in 1376 by the teacher Naong, who envisioned it as the “Temple of the East Sea.”

I have to warn you, though, this place is a zoo. Because of its location and photogenic setting, it attracts massive crowds. You walk down 108 stone steps to reach the main complex, and usually, you are shuffling shoulder-to-shoulder with hundreds of others.

The vibe is very different from Beomeosa. It feels a bit more commercial, with golden pig statues and zodiac figures that border on kitsch.

But, I still think you should go. The contrast of the traditional architecture against the blue ocean is striking. If you want to capture that serenity you see in the photos, my advice is to get here at sunrise. The gates open at 5:00 AM, and watching the sun come up over the water from the main platform is one of the few times the “Temple of the East Sea” name actually makes sense.

Bokcheon-dong Ancient Tombs

For something completely different, head to the Bokcheon-dong Ancient Tombs. This site dates back to the Gaya Confederacy in the 4th and 5th centuries, long before the modern borders of Korea were drawn.

When you arrive, it looks like a pleasant, hilly park with grassy mounds scattered around. These are actually the burial sites of the ruling class. Excavations here since 1969 have uncovered over 10,000 relics, including iron armour and gilt-bronze crowns, which changed how historians understood the region’s military power.

I found it fascinating to just walk among the mounds. It’s quiet and oddly peaceful, considering it’s a graveyard.

There is a museum on-site that displays the items found in the tombs. I’d recommend popping in there first so you understand what you’re looking at outside; otherwise, it really is just a walk through a grassy field. It’s not the most “exciting” attraction, but it provides a necessary context to the city’s ancient roots.

UN Memorial Cemetery

Finally, there is the UN Memorial Cemetery. This is the only United Nations cemetery in the world, established in 1951 to honour the soldiers from 11 nations who died during the Korean War.

It covers nearly 14 hectares of perfectly manicured grounds in the Nam-gu district. Over 2,300 servicemen are buried here. The site is divided by nationality, and seeing the ages on the plaques (mostly men in their early 20s) is a sobering reality check.

It’s a very different experience from the chaotic energy of the markets or beaches. The atmosphere is hushed and respectful.

I think it’s important to visit here to acknowledge the cost of the freedom that modern South Korea enjoys today. Just remember that this is active hallowed ground. There is a strict dress code, so no flip-flops, singlets, or anything like that. The guards will stop you entering if you aren’t dressed appropriately.

Museums

Busan is often sold purely on its outdoor assets like the beaches, the mountains, and the temples. But the city has a surprisingly robust collection of museums that often get ignored by visitors rushing to the coast. The cultural scene here has shifted significantly in the last decade, moving away from dusty display cabinets to more architectural, interactive spaces that reflect the city’s modern ambition.

Busan Museum

If you want the full, chronological download of the region’s history, you have to start here. Located in Nam-gu, the Busan Museum opened in 1978 and holds over 43,000 artefacts that trace the timeline from the Paleolithic age right through to the modern era.

I’ll be honest, the main exhibition halls can feel a bit dry if you aren’t a die-hard history buff. The layout is very traditional, walking you through the Silla Kingdom relics and Joseon Dynasty documents in a way that feels a bit like a school excursion.

However, the reason I reckon it’s worth the trip is the Cultural Experience Hall. Unlike the “look but don’t touch” vibe upstairs, this section lets you participate in a traditional tea ceremony or try on Hanbok (traditional Korean clothing) for free.

It is currently undergoing some modernisation, but the outdoor exhibition, with its collection of pagodas and Buddhist statues, is always accessible. My advice is to skip the main hall if you’re short on time and head straight for the experience centre. Just make sure you register on the website beforehand because the slots fill up fast.

Busan Museum of Art

Located right next to the massive BEXCO convention centre in Haeundae, the Busan Museum of Art (BMA) is the heavyweight of the local art scene. It opened in 1998 and covers five floors, but the architecture itself is quite stark and boxy compared to the newer builds in the city.

The absolute highlight for me is the Lee Ufan Space, which was added in 2015. It’s a dedicated annex for the works of Lee Ufan, one of the founders of the Mono-ha (School of Things) movement. The space was designed by the artist himself and features his signature minimalist stone and iron sculptures.

I have found the main exhibitions to be a bit hit-and-miss depending on the curator, but the sculpture garden outside is consistently excellent.

Just a heads-up: the museum has been scheduling extensive renovations recently to update its aging infrastructure. I’d recommend checking their Instagram or website specifically to see if the main hall is open before you trek out there, otherwise, you might be limited to just the outdoor garden.

Museum of Contemporary Art Busan

This is a bit of a trek to get to, located on Eulsukdo Island at the mouth of the Nakdong River, but I think it’s the most visually interesting building in the city. The Museum of Contemporary Art (MOCA) opened in 2018 and immediately made headlines for its facade rather than its collection.

The exterior is covered in a “Vertical Garden” designed by the French botanist Patrick Blanc. It features 175 different species of plants growing out of the walls, making the building look like a Swamp Thing rising out of the marshland.

Inside, the focus is heavily on new media and kinetic art, which suits the futuristic vibe of the architecture. Because it’s located in a protected migratory bird sanctuary, the exhibitions often tackle themes of nature and ecology.

It is a long bus ride from the city centre (about 40 minutes from Busan Station), so you need to commit to the journey. My tip is to combine this with a walk through the Eulsukdo Eco Park next door. It turns a single museum visit into a full half-day nature trip, which makes the travel time feel much more justified.

National Maritime Museum

I know, “Maritime Museum” sounds incredibly dull, perhaps the kind of place you get dragged to on a rainy Tuesday. But the National Maritime Museum in Yeongdo is genuinely impressive, if only for the sheer scale of the operation.

Opened in 2012, it’s the third-largest museum in Korea, shaped like a giant teardrop to represent a drop of ocean water. The facility holds over 14,000 items, including a replica of the ‘Joseon Tongsinsa’ ship, which was used for diplomatic missions to Japan.

The real surprise, and the reason I’d recommend it even if you hate boats, is the aquarium on the 3rd floor. It’s a tunnel tank where you can watch sea turtles and sharks swim overhead, and unlike the expensive aquarium at Haeundae, this one is completely free.

It’s fantastic for families, but even as a solo traveller, I enjoyed the library on the first floor. It has massive floor-to-ceiling windows looking out over the harbour, making it one of the best free coworking spots in the city if you need to catch up on emails.

Other museums

• Busan Modern and Contemporary History Museum: Housed in the former Bank of Korea building built in 1963 and the old American Cultural Center, this recently renovated space blends vault doors and gold bars with stories of the Korean War.
• F1963: I love how this cultural complex has transformed a former Kiswire wire factory into a raw, industrial space that now houses a massive bookstore, art gallery, and coffee roastery.
• Radium Art Center: Located in the Haeundae area, this former art centre has been rebranded as a digital media playground, hosting immersive light and sound exhibitions that are perfect for Instagram but light on history.

Neighbourhoods

Busan isn’t a flat grid; it’s a vertical city where the geography dictates the architecture. During the Korean War, refugees had nowhere to go but up, building shanty towns that clung to the steep cliffsides. Today, these areas have been rebranded from slums to “culture villages,” painted in bright colours to attract visitors, but they remain complex living spaces that balance mass tourism with the daily lives of the residents.

Gamcheon Culture Village

This is the image you have likely seen on every brochure for Busan. Often dubbed the “Machu Picchu of Busan,” Gamcheon is a cascade of pastel-coloured houses tumbling down the foothills of a coastal mountain.

Originally, this was a refugee camp established in the 1950s by followers of the Taegeukdo religion. It remained a poor, isolated area until 2009, when the Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism launched a massive art project to revitalize the district, installing murals and sculptures throughout the winding alleys.

I have to be honest, I have mixed feelings about Gamcheon. Visually, it is striking, but the “Disneyfication” of what is essentially a residential neighbourhood feels a bit uncomfortable when you see tourists shouting outside people’s bedroom windows.

The most famous spot is the statue of the Little Prince and the Fox, which offers a panoramic view of the harbour. However, be prepared to wait; I’ve seen the queue for a photo here stretch for 50 metres down the road.

If you are going to visit, I’d suggest buying the physical map for 2,000 won at the tourist information centre near the entrance. It guides you through the “stamp tour” which forces you to explore the narrower, empty alleys rather than just sticking to the crowded main street.

Huinnyeoul Culture Village

If Gamcheon is the “Machu Picchu,” then Huinnyeoul is often called the “Santorini of Korea.” Located on the edge of Yeongdo Island, this village sits precariously on a cliff that drops straight down into the sea.

Like Gamcheon, its roots are in the refugee crisis of the Korean War, but the vibe here is distinctly different. “Huinnyeoul” refers to the water from the streams of Baengnyeonsan Mountain appearing like falling white snow as it flows into the sea.

The main draw here is the walking path that runs along the cliff edge. It’s a filming location for the famous Korean movie The Attorney, and you’ll see plenty of placards marking the spots.

I actually prefer this village to Gamcheon. It feels less claustrophobic because you have the open ocean right next to you, and the cafes here have repurposed the old buildings to offer terraces with incredible views of the ships anchored in the Namhang aesthetic.

However, I found the geography to be a serious workout. The village is connected to the Jeoryeong Coastal Walk below by the “Huinnyeoul Coastal Tunnel” and several sets of extremely steep stairs, specifically the Piano Stairs. My advice is to start at the top, explore the cafes, and then walk down through the tunnel to the coastal path, unless you want to spend your holiday sweating through your shirt.

Tourist attractions

Busan has spent the last decade aggressively building “landmarks” to capture the tourist dollar. While the natural landscape does most of the heavy lifting, the city has added a layer of manufactured attractions that range from world-class engineering to slightly tacky diversions. Knowing which ones are worth the entry fee is key to not blowing your budget on gimmicks.

Viewpoints

Busan is a city of verticality, so naturally, there are plenty of places charging you to look down at it.

The newest and flashiest is Busan X the Sky, located in the Haeundae LCT Landmark Tower. It’s the second-tallest building in Korea, and the observation deck sits on the 100th floor, 411.6 metres above the ground. The view is undeniably massive, stretching down the coast, and it claims to have the world’s highest Starbucks. But, I have to be honest, I find the 27,000 won entry fee a bit steep just to look at a view you can largely see from the ground for free.

For a classic experience, there is Busan Tower in Yongdusan Park. Built in 1973 and standing 120 metres high, it’s the symbol of the city. It recently got a renovation to add some digital projection art, but it still feels a bit dated compared to the modern skyscrapers.

My advice? Skip both of them and head to the Lotte Mall in Nampo.

Take the elevator to the 11th floor to access the roof garden. It is completely free, and the view is spectacular. You look straight out over the Jagalchi Fish Market and the harbour, and if you time it for 2:00 PM, you can watch the Yeongdo Bridge lift up from the best vantage point in the city. I reckon it’s the best value attraction in Busan.

Busan Air Cruise

I mentioned the cable car briefly when talking about Songdo Beach, but it’s significant enough to warrant its own explanation as a standalone attraction. The original “Busan Marine Cable Car” was Korea’s first, launched in 1964, but it was demolished in the late 80s. The current iteration, branded as the Busan Air Cruise, opened in 2017.

The line runs for 1.62 kilometres across the bay, reaching a maximum height of 86 metres. It connects Songrim Park on the mainland to Amnam Park on the other side.

You have two choices of cabins: the standard “Air Cruise” or the “Crystal Cruise” with a transparent floor. I’ve done both, and I strongly recommend paying the extra few thousand won for the glass floor. Seeing the water churning below your feet changes the experience from a simple transport ride to something actually thrilling.

One practical tip: The queue on weekends can be horrendous. However, you can book tickets online in advance to skip the ticket booth line, although you’ll still have to wait to board. If you just want the view without the wait, go on a weekday morning.

Spa Land Centum City

If you only do one “tourist” thing in Busan, I think it should be this. Korean bathhouses (jimjilbangs) are a staple of local life, but Spa Land takes the concept and dials it up to eleven.

Located inside the Shinsegae Centum City (which holds the Guinness World Record for the world’s largest department store) this facility is massive. It draws two different types of natural hot spring water from 1,000 metres underground: sodium bicarbonate water and sodium chloride water.

There are 18 different hot spring baths and 13 themed saunas, including a charcoal room and a pyramid room. Unlike the gritty neighbourhood bathhouses, this place is polished, clean, and very foreigner-friendly.

I found it to be the perfect antidote to a few days of hiking. You can easily lose four hours here just moving from the hot tubs to the relaxation recliners.

Just be aware of the “tattoo rule.” Officially, people with large tattoos are banned or asked to cover them. In practice, I’ve seen them be lenient with foreigners, but it’s a risk. Also, go before 9:00 AM or after 8:00 PM for a discounted entry fee.

Ahopsan Forest

For a long time, this bamboo forest in Gijang County was a local secret. It has been privately owned by the Moon family for over 400 years, spanning nine generations, and they strictly prohibited public access to protect the ecosystem.

They only opened the gates to visitors relatively recently, and it exploded in popularity after being used as a filming location for the drama The King: Eternal Monarch.

The forest covers about 520,000 square metres and features thick groves of Moso Bamboo and Geumgang Pine. Because it was untouched for centuries, the density of the bamboo is incredible, much thicker and healthier than what you might see at more trampled tourist spots.

I have to say, the atmosphere here is genuinely distinct. The wind noise through the bamboo is louder than you expect. However, it is quite far from the city centre (about an hour by bus and subway).

My advice is to wear comfortable shoes because the trails are unpaved dirt. Also, since it’s a private forest, there is an admission fee of 5,000 won, and they are strict about rules. So no food, and definitely no carving your name into the bamboo.

SeaLife Busan Aquarium

Located right on Haeundae Beach, the SeaLife Aquarium is hard to miss. It’s a massive facility housing 250 species and roughly 10,000 marine animals, including penguins, otters, and sharks.

The layout is standard for the SeaLife chain, funnelling you through themed zones towards the gift shop. The main tank has an 80-metre underwater tunnel, which is admittedly impressive.

However, I have to be honest, unless you are travelling with young children or it is pouring with rain, I would skip this. The ticket price is around 30,000 won (unless you find an online deal), which feels steep when you consider you can see a decent aquarium for free at the National Maritime Museum in Yeongdo.

If you’ve been to a SeaLife in Sydney, London, or Bangkok, you have essentially been to this one. It feels like a generic franchise experience in a city that has far more interesting, unique things to offer.

Tours

Busan is a sprawling, fragmented city where the major sights are often an hour apart by public transport. While I’m usually a “do it yourself” kind of traveller, the geography here means that joining a tour can sometimes be the only way to see multiple districts without spending half your day on the subway.

General city tours

If you want to cover the most ground with the least effort, the Busan City Tour Bus (BUTI) is the standard option. It operates on a hop-on-hop-off loop system with three lines: Red (Haeundae), Green (Taejongdae), and Orange (Gamcheon/West Busan).

A 24-hour pass costs 15,000 won, which is decent value. However, the intervals between buses can be frustratingly long (sometimes 40–50 minutes). If you miss one, you are stuck waiting on a roadside while your itinerary falls apart.

My advice is to use the Red Line for the coastal route if you want the open-top deck experience crossing the Gwangandaegyo Bridge. But for the other routes, you are often faster just taking a taxi or the subway.

Local gems tours

For something less generic, I’d recommend looking into the smaller walking tours run by locals. There is a “Busan Night Market Photography Tour” that I think is fantastic because it focuses on the gritty, neon-lit atmosphere of Jagalchi and Gukje markets after dark, rather than just the polished tourist spots.

Another good option is the “Old Town Stories” tour. This usually focuses on the refugee history of the Jung-gu district, taking you up the 168 Stairs and through the narrow alleyways that most tourists never find.

I found that these guides often have personal family stories connected to the area, which adds an emotional weight you don’t get from a recorded audio guide on a bus. You can usually find these on platforms like Airbnb Experiences or Klook.

Haeundae River cruise

This is a newer attraction that has become surprisingly popular. The Haeundae River Cruise departs from the Suyeong River, cruising past the ultra-modern architecture of the Busan Cinema Center before heading out into the bay to circle the Gwangandaegyo Bridge.

The boats are small luxury yachts rather than big ferries, so it feels a bit more intimate. The cruise takes about an hour and costs around 20,000 to 25,000 won depending on the time of day.

I reckon the best time to go is the sunset slot (usually around 6:00 PM or 7:00 PM depending on the season). You get to see the skyline transition from day to night, and seeing the bridge lights switch on from the water is admittedly pretty magical. Just make sure to book in advance on weekends, as the sunset slots always sell out.

Food and drink

Busan’s food scene is aggressive. It’s spicy, salty, and heavily reliant on the ocean. Unlike the refined court cuisine of Seoul, the food here is working-class fuel, things like hearty pork soups and raw fish consumed on plastic stools. If you leave without smelling like garlic and grilled eel, you haven’t done it right.

Jagalchi Fish Market

This is the largest seafood market in South Korea, and honestly, it’s the beating heart of the city. Established informally during the Korean War by women selling fish to survive, the “Jagalchi Ajummas” are now legendary for their work ethic and no-nonsense attitude.

The modern building, with its roof shaped like a seagull’s wing, opened in 2006. On the ground floor, you walk through wet alleys lined with tanks of live octopus, red snapper, and creatures I still can’t identify. It’s chaotic and wet, so watch your step.

You can buy fresh seafood downstairs and take it to the second-floor restaurants to have it cooked for a “table setting fee” (usually around 5,000 won per person).

I have to warn you, though: it is touristy. The prices here can be higher than in local neighbourhoods because it’s so famous. My advice is to head to the outdoor section along the waterfront instead of the main building. The vibe is grittier, the stalls are run by grandmothers shucking oysters at lightning speed, and I’ve found the prices to be a bit more negotiable.

Other markets

While Jagalchi gets the fame, the real street food action happens elsewhere. Seomyeon Food Alley is where the locals actually eat. Located behind the Lotte Department Store, this narrow lane is packed with stalls selling dwaeji gukbap (pork rice soup), a dish that was born in Busan during the war when refugees made soup from discarded US army pork bones. It’s rich, milky, and absolutely essential eating.

Over in Nampo-dong, Gwangbokdong Food Street offers a more “snack-heavy” experience. You have to try ssiat hotteok here. It’s a sweet pancake stuffed with brown sugar and sunflower seeds. I know there is always a massive queue at the most famous stall (the one that claims the President visited), but truthfully, the stall next to it tastes exactly the same, so save yourself the 20-minute wait.

Technically, “Nampodong Market” isn’t one single place but a cluster of markets including Gukje Market and Bupyeong Kkangtong Market. This area is a sensory overload of vintage clothes, imported liquor, and street food.

The highlight for me is the Bupyeong Kkangtong Night Market, which opens at 7:30 PM. It was the first permanent night market in Korea. The single central aisle becomes a gridlock of food carts selling everything from torched beef sushi to fried milk.

It’s incredibly crowded and can be shoulder-to-shoulder on weekends. I reckon the best strategy is to grab a few items (try the spicy glass noodles, bibim dangmyeon) and retreat to the quieter side streets to eat them, rather than trying to consume them in the crush.

Cooking class

If the idea of navigating a Korean menu with no English intimidates you, a guided BBQ tour is a solid investment. Korean BBQ isn’t just about eating; it’s a ritual of cutting, flipping, and side-dish management.

Most tours, like the “Busan Local K-BBQ Experience,” cost around $45 USD. You meet a local guide who takes you to a neighbourhood joint and explains the difference between samgyeopsal (pork belly) and moksal (pork neck), and crucially, shows you how to mix somaek (soju and beer). I think it’s worth it just to learn the grilling etiquette so you don’t embarrass yourself later.

Alternatively, you can take a cooking class. The “Busan Cooking Class” near Haeundae is popular (approx. $100 USD) and often includes a market tour to buy ingredients before making dishes like bibimbap or haemul pajeon (seafood pancake). It’s a bit pricey, but you get to eat what you make, and you walk away with a recipe you can actually use at home.

Food tours

For a broader sweep of the culinary landscape, a dedicated food tour is a good option. These usually focus on the Nampo-dong area because the markets are so dense there.

A typical tour, like the “Jagalchi & Gukje Market Food Tour,” runs for about 2–3 hours and costs roughly $40–$50 USD. You’ll stop at 4 or 5 different stalls to try things you might be too scared to order on your own, like sundae (blood sausage) or live octopus.

I found that the real value isn’t just the food, but the context. The guides explain why Busan eats this way: the refugee history, the port influence, and the poverty that created these now-beloved dishes. It turns a simple snack into a history lesson, which I think makes the calories count for something more.

Day trips

Busan is the perfect base for exploring the southeast, but the problem is that there are so many options it’s easy to get decision paralysis. The high-speed rail and intercity bus networks are excellent, meaning you can be in a different dynasty or island ecosystem in under an hour.

Gyeongju

If you only do one day trip, I think it has to be Gyeongju. Known as the “museum without walls,” this was the capital of the Silla Kingdom for nearly 1,000 years.

You can get there easily by taking the KTX from Busan Station to Singyeongju Station in about 30 minutes (costing around 11,000 won), but just be aware the station is a bit out of town and you’ll need a bus or taxi to the centre.

The headline act is Bulguksa Temple, a UNESCO World Heritage site originally built in 528 and then grandly reconstructed in 751. It is arguably the most beautiful temple in Korea, sitting on stone terraces that represent the land of Buddha.

But for me, the real highlight is Daereungwon Tumuli Park. It’s a surreal landscape of 23 massive, grass-covered burial mounds that rise up like green hills in the middle of the city.

The most famous is Cheonmachong (Heavenly Horse Tomb), which you can actually enter to see the replica of the gold crown found inside. I’d recommend renting a bike to get between the sites, as the city is flat and very cycle-friendly.

Gimhae

Gimhae is technically a separate city, but it sits right on Busan’s western shoulder and is connected by the Light Rail Transit (LRT), making it incredibly easy to access.

This was the seat of the Gaya Confederacy, a mysterious kingdom that ruled the region before being absorbed by Silla. The must-see site here is the Tomb of King Suro, the legendary founder of the dynasty who, according to myth, hatched from a golden egg.

The tomb complex is surprisingly peaceful, with a heavy stone wall and red gate that separates it from the busy city streets.

I also reckon you should visit the Gimhae National Museum. It was specifically built to showcase Gaya culture, which is distinct from the Silla relics you see in Gyeongju. Expect more iron armour and less gold.

Because the Gaya people were known as the “Iron Kingdom,” the artefacts here have a rugged, industrial aesthetic that I find really cool. It’s a great half-day trip if you want history without the crowds of Gyeongju.

Geoje Island

Geoje is the second-largest island in Korea (after Jeju) and it used to be a pain to get to. But since the 8.2-kilometre Busan-Geoje Fixed Link (a massive bridge-tunnel complex) opened in 2010, you can now drive there in under an hour.

The history here is a bit darker. The Geoje POW Camp was the largest prisoner-of-war camp during the Korean War, holding up to 173,000 North Korean and Chinese soldiers.

Today, it’s a sprawling open-air museum with dioramas and tank exhibitions. I have to say, walking through the preserved barracks gives you a chilling sense of the scale of the conflict.

For a complete mood shift, take a boat from the Gujora Port out to Oedo Botania. This is a marine botanical garden built on a tiny rock island by a husband and wife team who started planting in 1969.

It looks like a slice of the Mediterranean dropped into the East Sea, with manicured hedges and Greek-style statues. It is undeniably touristy and you are herded along a set path, but I have to admit, the view from the “Stairway to Heaven” garden looking back at the ocean is spectacular.

The post Things to do in Busan appeared first on Time Travel Turtle.

Surging along the streets – and the footpaths – are millions of scooters entwined together like bees swarming around every section. It’s colourful, loud, and sometimes in your face. 

With an incredible mix of culture, history (both ancient and recent), green spaces, and towering skyscrapers, Vietnam’s largest urban centre is full of things to do – and neighbourhoods with good accommodation.

When it comes to choosing where to stay in Ho Chi Minh City, I’ve got good news or bad news (depending on how you look at it) – you’re never going to be able to escape the frenetic pace of the city!

What you can do, though, is choose between the crazy vibrancy of the city centre or some of the more local and leisurely neighbourhoods a bit further out.

Although there are 24 districts in Ho Chi Minh City, most visitors will focus on just the half a dozen right in the centre. In fact, most people will probably end up staying just in District 1.

That’s because this is where you’ll find many of the country’s important landmarks and cultural institutions amongst the maze of traffic, with locals joining you on the busy streets in the evening for food and drink.

But keep in mind that the best accommodation in Ho Chi Minh City for your trip may be one the slightly less central neighbourhoods.

They each have their own strengths and personality, and these are the ones that I’m going to recommend:

• City centre: The main part of District 1 is the heart of the city and an excellent place to stay, close to main sights and with a huge range of accommodation.
• Riverside: Still within District 1, you’ll have many of the same benefits as the city centre but in a slightly quieter area with gorgeous water views.
• Pham Ngu Lao: Known as a nightlife district, there is lots of cheap accommodation here so is popular with backpackers.
• District 3: Although it’s still close to the centre, the streets are a bit quieter and the hotels are a bit cheaper.
• Chinatown: A bit off the tourist trail, this is a vibrant neighbourhood with fantastic food and fun streets to explore.
• Hang Xanh: A more local neighbourhood with pockets of trendy cafes and bars, this is a great option for longer or more authentic stays.

Before I go into more detail about the best areas to stay in Ho Chi Minh City, have a look on the map and you’ll see where they’re all located.

Walking around the city is fun, with daily life offering a constantly changing tableau of colourful sights. But it can get really hot, so you may not want to go too far on foot.

With that in mind, think about whether you’re going to be focusing your sightseeing in any particular area, or if you’re going to be doing a few day trips (most offer free pickup in District 1).

Ultimately, though, taxis and rideshares are really cheap so it’s not too much of a hassle if you’re a little further out.

Let me now give you a bit more detail about each of the best areas to stay in Ho Chi Minh City and a few tips for good accommodation in each of them.

City centre

Numero uno, the city centre, aka District 1. This is the piece that links the whole of Ho Chi Minh City together. For first-time visitors and those looking to be on the go for most of the stay, I think this is the best place to stay. 

The bulk of HCMC’s best sights are in or within reach of the city centre. Popular attractions like the Saigon Central Post Office, the Jade Emperor Pagoda and the Independence Palace are all reachable on foot.

Shady parks help take the edge off the midday sun, while the Museum of Vietnamese History and the Ho Chi Minh City Museum are perfect for escaping it entirely.

But as well as being a convenient area to stay for Ho Chi Minh City’s sights, it’ll also leave you well placed for whatever you want to do at night.

Once the sun has set, the city centre is the hub for food and nightlife, whether that’s buzzing clubs or walking streets like Dong Khoi and Bui Vien.

There’s a high range of accommodation in the city centre, so you’ll find whatever you’re looking for right here.

BACKPACKER

The beds are private and comfortable at Vy Da Central Market Hostel, plus the cafe food and coffee is great.

• Toi’s Travel Home Central: Simple and cozy in a quiet neighbourhood, the social areas are friendly but not too crowded, and breakfast is included.
• The Like Hostel & Cafe: The front desk is open 24 hours, there are a couple of free walking tours each week, plus a rooftop with free beer!

BUDGET

There are cheaper options, but you’ll get great value at the cool Hammock Hotel Ben Thanh with stylish rooms, breakfast, and a complimentary minibar.

• Hải Nam Hotel: Right near Ben Than Market, all the plants give the hotel a relaxing vibe, as do the balcony and garden.
• Acnos Hotel: For a good price, you’ll get a clean room, a shower with great water pressure, breakfast included, and lots of help at the front desk if you need it.

BOUTIQUE

The floor to ceiling windows create a bright atmosphere at Fusion Suites Saigon, which also has a fitness centre and restaurant.

• Amanaki Saigon Boutique Hotel: Beautifully furnished from the lobby to rooms, it’s has a fun art collection, great views, and a focus on sustainability.
• The Odys Boutique Hotel: As well as the spacious light-filled rooms, there’s a roof terrace where you can have breakfast or dinner, while there’s also a complimentary afternoon tea.

LUXURY

From the super comfortable beds to the view from the rooftop pool, La Siesta Premium Saigon is full of luxurious and friendly touches.

• Rex Hotel: Featuring modern Vietnamese décor, the rooms have balconies with garden or city views, plus there is a rooftop pool and a tennis court.
• Park Hyatt Saigon: The French colonial-style hotel overlooks the Opera House on Lam Son Square and offers an outdoor pool, gym and spa. 

Riverside

Although it’s still part of District 1, and could even be considered as part of the city centre, I want to recommend Riverside as a separate area because it has a very different atmosphere.

The stretch of District 1 along the river is much quieter, partly because the parklands along the water create a natural calm, and partly because there just aren’t as many things to do here.

The traffic can still be busy but it’s passing through, not stopping. Of course, there’s plenty of places to eat, but it’s not as hectic as a few blocks further in.

Although there is a wide range of accommodation, this is also a popular area for luxury hotels, with some large buildings offering beautiful views across the river. Stepping inside, you’ll find a sense of calm that contrasts with the scene outside.

Of course, you’re still in District 1, so everything is close. That means you can probably still walk to the main sights and the tour companies will offer free pick-ups.

BACKPACKER

The dorm rooms at Zeus Living – City Central have large beds and clean bathrooms, or there are also private options.

• AULE 4K Hostel: A new modern hostel with a good city view and a location that makes it great value for money.
• Saigon City Center Hostel: The rooms have plenty if space to relax, there’s a good view of the city, and there’s also a convenient cafe on site.

BUDGET

For a great price, you’ll get large a large clean room at Tan Hoang Long Hotel, while the large beds are nice and comfortable.

• Roseland Sweet Hotel & Spa: Despite the central location, it’s nice and quiet, with a city view, rooftop area, pool, and a buffet breakfast included.
• Nicecy Saigon Hotel: You’ll get a large room and good bathroom, with furniture that has an old charm and gives a more homey vibe.

BOUTIQUE

The rooftop pool and bar area is a highlight at The Myst Dong Khoi, which boasts contemporary interiors and a fitness centre.

• Icon Saigon: Full of artwork, the boutique hotel has a relaxing rooftop pool and bar with spectacular views, plus a great selection at the buffet breakfast.

LUXURY

You’ll get stunning views across the river from the Sheraton Saigon Grand Opera Hotel, where there’s an outdoor pool, gym and three restaurants.

• The Reverie Saigon: The beautiful interior is almost palace-like, while the rooms have great views, and the facilities include an outdoor pool, fitness centre and sauna facility.
• Hotel Majestic: The colonial-era landmark from 1920 overlooks the Saigon River and is decorated with traditional furniture and features, offering a sense of Old Saigon.

Pham Ngu Lao

Another section of District 1, Pham Ngu Lao also gets a special mention because it has a very particular reputation.

The focus of Pham Ngu Lao is the Bui Vien Walking Street, a stretch full of restaurants and nightlife.

This vibrant, neon-soaked street is an enticing blend of youthful locals and travellers. Happening bars line this thin strip – although the best places to drink are sometimes not even bars, but small shops like laundromats with a fridge and a couple of plastic chairs.

For backpackers and night owls, this is the best place to stay in Ho Chi Minh City. Catering for this demographic, Pham Ngu Lao has a large collection of budget accommodations. I wouldn’t recommend it for families or luxury travellers.

Aside from the nightlife, you’ll find other things to do in the neighbourhood, including Ben Thanh Market, the Reunification Palace, and the War Remnants Museum all within walking distance.

BACKPACKER

Although it’s close to the nightlife, Laca Hostel is very peaceful, with a garden and friendly staff.

• SaiGon Gạo Hostel: There’s a welcoming atmosphere with cozy common areas and relaxing dorm rooms (but be warned there is no elevator up to the rooms on the 5th floor).
• Bui Vien Street Hostel: Another good option that even has a little wardrobe area in the bunk, along with a free beer ticket each night for the rooftop bar.

BUDGET

Set in a clean and quiet part of the neighbourhood, My Hotel has a lovely interior design with some rooms offering balconies.

• Saigon Cozy Hotel: It’s nothing special but you’ll get a great price for the comfort, cleanliness and location… and there’s a free breakfast.
• Phan Anh Hotel – Bui Vien Walking Street: Located down a quiet alley but close to bars and cafes, the rooms are clean and bright rooms, and breakfast is included.

BOUTIQUE

Most hotels in Pham Ngu Lao are cheap, even boutique ones, and Galaxy Boutique Sai Gon Central Hotel has a fun garden theme.

• Jasmine Hotel: There’s a fresh and friendly vibe, with bright and airy rooms, along with a relaxed terrace to hang out.
• Ailen Boutique Hotel: The rooms are minimalistic with splashes of colour, but you’ll get excellent value at this fun little hotel close to the action.

LUXURY

While not comparable to the 5-star hotels in other parts of District 1, Liberty Hotel Saigon Greenview is the nicest option in the neighbourhood.

• Park View Luxury Hotel: Filled with indoor plants, there’s a relaxed vibe with bright and spacious rooms.

District 3

If you’re looking for an option to escape some of the chaos of District 1 without being too far away from it all, then District 3 is a great answer. Less hectic, you’ll find some peace from the syncopated traffic noise.

With that in mind, there’s still lots happening in District 3 and it’s certainly not sleepy. It’s still quite well-connected with the heart of Ho Chi Minh City, and you can reach some popular parts of District 1 with a 30-minute walk.

District 3 also feels more authentically Vietnamese. Street food is the main attraction, alongside the district’s eye-catching colonial architecture. Here, you’ll also find several museums, shopping at Saigon Square, and the iconic pink Tan Dinh Church.

The accommodation prices are also a little cheaper here, which means you can get better value, whether that’s for a backpacker hostel or a luxury stay.

BACKPACKER

Away from the tourist area, Aloha Saigon Hostel has larger rooms with free breakfast and opportunities for cultural exploration.

BUDGET

With a great price in a lovely neighbourhood, Hoang Lan Hotel has spotless rooms, nearby restaurants, and a good breakfast included.

• Maison Royale: Along with a sun terrace and city views, there are comfortable rooms, a nice interior design, and a 24-hour front desk.
• M Village Kỳ Đồng: The rooms have modern minimalist designs, with a spacious lounge, sun-drenched windows and balconies.

LUXURY

A real gem in this local neighbourhood, Mai House Saigon Hotel is so elegant, with an outdoor pool, rooftop bar, and super comfortable beds.

• Hotel Des Arts Saigon Mgallery Collection: The views from the stylish rooms are stunning, while on site there are two restaurants, a bar, a gym, and a rooftop pool.
• Celine Living – Central: The brick walls and unique lighting fixtures give the design a rustic elegant vibe, while you’ll also find a rooftop pool, garden, terrace, and spa.

Chinatown

Ho Chi Minh City’s Chinatown, known as Cho Lon, is a significant neighbourhood for history and culture, stacking up with the best Chinatowns around the world.

Compared to District 1 or 3, it gives you a different experience where you’re no longer exploring just Vietnam, but a blend of two cultures that dates back centuries.

Cho Lon translates to Big Market. Beyond the cultural mix, this is a happening trade and commercial area for locals epitomised by Bing Tay Market. With the change in cuisines, culture and sometimes languages, District 5 is off the beaten path for most travellers.

I probably wouldn’t recommend this for first-time visitors who want to focus on the main sights, but it’s an interesting area for something different if you’ve visited before.

There’s cheap street food and authentic cuisines, plus temples and pagodas showcase the rich spiritual and architectural past. Of course, staying in Chinatown leaves you outside the city centre, but only about 15 minutes away on a scooter.

BACKPACKER

The dorm rooms are really cool at T Zone Hostel, and there are some lovely common areas to hang out and meet people.

• Natural House Hostel: More of a homestay than a hostel, this is quite basic accommodation but the lovely family that runs it is very friendly.

BUDGET

You’ll get a warm welcome at Văn Hoa Hotel, where the rooms are clean and modern, offering good value (even if they can sometimes be a bit noisy).

• Fortune Hotel 1127: The beds are comfortable, some rooms have city views, and there is a 24-hour front desk, spa, lift and laundry.
• Nam Hy 1 Hotel: In a quiet spot away from the tourist area, you’ll get clean and spacious rooms with access to a nice rooftop terrace.

LUXURY

As well as luxurious options like a pillow menu and included breakfast, Equatorial Ho Chi Minh City also has an outdoor saltwater pool and a full gym.

• Windsor Plaza Hotel: Featuring a majestic lobby and a rooftop swimming pool, the rooms have large windows with sweeping views of the city, while you’ll also find a gym, spa, and tour desk.
• Zazz Urban Ho Chi Minh: The relaxing atmosphere has a boutique feel, with amenities like an impressive infinity pool, a fitness centre, and a terrace.

Hang Xanh

Perhaps the most fascinating of Ho Chi Minh City’s many districts, Hang Xanh features an electric atmosphere, with trendy hipster restaurants blending seamlessly with traditional local fare.

Separated from District 1 by a narrow waterway, this is a much more local neighbourhood where travellers can get lost in the maze of alleyways. There’s a fair amount of modernisation taking place, but it’s not aimed specifically at tourists.

Whether it’s the eclectic mix of dining and nightlife, the relaxing parks, or the busy street markets, there’s lots to see here and it’s become my favourite area to stay in Ho Chi Minh City on recent visits.

You’re still really close to the centre so it’s not overly inconvenient for sightseeing. But it’s a more comfortable and affordable option for longer stays or if you’re looking for apartment-style accommodation.

Landmark 81 and Van Thanh Park may become your local spots for reading a book under the shade. For sunsets, head to Thủ Thiêm Bridge for uninhibited views of HCMC as the sun goes down. 

BACKPACKER

The staff is lovely at Half Coffee N Dorm, which has a rooftop terrace and bar, but is more a place to chill out than party.

APARTMENT

With the independence of an apartment but the amenities of a hotel, KunKin Garden Aparthotel is a great option with a fitness centre and rooftop restaurant along with a cozy interior.

• Mott Haven Apart: A great apartment for a longer stay, there is an infinity pool, children’s playground, and views of the city and garden.
• Phuc Khang Apartment: The nice thing about this neighbourhood is that you’ll get spacious suites like these for a cheaper price, with easy access to transport.

BOUTIQUE

Within its beautiful light-filled building, Maison De Camille Boutique Hotel has a cool interior design full of little details I’m sure you’ll appreciate!

• Oakwood Hotel & Apartments: A bit further from District 1, but these large and modern rooms are really comfortable for longer stays.

LUXURY

In the tallest building in Vietnam, the view is the highlight of Vinpearl Landmark 81, which has luxurious rooms and buffet breakfast.

• Vinhomes Landmark Condotel Suite: There are also lots of apartments in Landmark 81, and this company has a range of luxurious options available from one bedroom to four bedrooms.

The post Where to stay in Ho Chi Minh City appeared first on Time Travel Turtle.

The country has thousands of years of history, which is why the World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka are so dominated by cultural sites. Of the eight UNESCO sites in Sri Lanka, six of them are cultural, forming a kind of timeline of the most significant periods of Sinhalese civilisation.

These sites take you through the country’s ancient capitals, from Anuradhapura to Polonnaruwa, along with the towering rock fortress of Sigiriya (built by a parricidal king in the 5th century!).

There’s the incredible Dambulla Cave Temple with its centuries of artwork, the sacred city of Kandy housing one of Buddhism’s most important relics, and the charming Old Town of Galle with its colonial veneer.

Away from the ancient kingdoms and colonial influence, Sri Lanka also has two incredibly important natural World Heritage Sites: the Sinharaja Forest Reserve and the Central Highlands of Sri Lanka.

These protected areas are critical biodiversity hotspots, home to an immense number of endemic species, and are also all worth seeing.

In fact, the wonderful thing about the World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka is that they’re all very manageable to visit and many tours will take you to at least a few of them.

You can see where they’re all located on this map I’ve put together:

Unlike other countries where there can often be a difficult or disappointing site, all of Sri Lanka’s World Heritage Sites are not just easy to get to, they are well worth the time to visit.

Let’s take a look at each of them in more detail.

Ancient City of Polonnaruwa

The Ancient City of Polonnaruwa stands as a powerful reminder of Sri Lanka’s past, serving as the medieval capital which flourished between the 11th and 13th centuries.

The Royal Palace complex is a centrepiece, remarkable for its massive walls and intricate carvings. Nearby, the Sacred Quadrangle holds some of the most revered Buddhist structures, including the Vatadage, which is a circular relic house featuring exquisite stone carvings.

One of the biggest highlights is the colossal Buddha statues at Gal Vihara, carved from solid granite with serene expressions.

Visiting Polonnaruwa is definitely best done by bike, which lets you explore the expansive grounds at a relaxed pace. Make sure to check out the site’s museum, which displays artefacts and gives some important context on the city’s historical significance.

Ancient City of Sigiriya

Sigiriya is one of the symbols of Sri Lanka and one of the country’s most popular tourist attractions. You’ll see why when you get here and start climbing up it yourself!

This 5th-century fortress was built atop a massive 200-metre granite rock by a king who’d stolen the crown from his father (by murdering him) and was terrified of revenge from his brother.

Aside from the exciting history, the site’s significance lies in its innovative urban planning, sophisticated water management, and stunning frescoes. It has elaborate gardens, including water gardens with fountains that amazingly still function today.

When you visit Sigiriya, there’s a challenging but rewarding climb, through the gardens and past ancient ruins before you reach the base of the rock. A series of steep staircases, including the renowned Lion’s Paw entrance, lead to the summit.

Along the way, you can see the Mirror Wall, which was once polished so finely that it reflected the frescoes above. The panoramic views from the top are breathtaking, encompassing lush forests and distant mountains.

But, as the busiest World Heritage Sites in Sri Lanka, be prepared for tourist crowds during peak seasons.

Sacred City of Anuradhapura

The Sacred City of Anuradhapura, found in Sri Lanka’s North Central Province, served as the country’s capital from its founding in the 4th century BC until the 11th century.

It’s a huge World Heritage Site with immense historical and religious significance, not just because of its well-preserved ruins, but for the sheer scale of the architecture and engineering.

The city is a complex network of monasteries, palaces, and monumental dagobas (Buddhist stupas). Along with the manmade structures, there’s also the sacred Sri Maha Bodhi tree, believed to be the oldest documented tree on Earth!

When you visit Anuradhapura, much of it will feel like a large archaeological park. But for locals and pilgrims, it’s still a hugely important spiritual location, so you’ll often see worshippers offering flowers and prayers at various shrines.

I would recommend setting aside a full day here and renting a bicycle or taking a tuk-tuk, as the site is huge and you’ll want to see everything properly.

Old Town of Galle and its Fortifications

The Old Town of Galle, on Sri Lanka’s southwestern coast, is a really popular spot for tourists and has a wonderful fusion of European and South Asian architectural styles that you can explore.

The fortified city was founded by Portuguese colonists in the 16th century and later developed by the Dutch and British. You can see their influence in the Dutch colonial buildings, churches, mosques, and grand mansions.

The old town’s most striking feature is its imposing sea wall and bastions, which have held up over time and even protected the town from the devastating 2004 tsunami.

For some of best things to see in Galle, climb the ramparts for panoramic views of the Indian Ocean, then wander through the narrow streets to browse the restored buildings.

In particular, look out for the Dutch Reformed Church, the Galle Lighthouse, and the National Maritime Museum.

Many people come as a day trip but I would recommend spending the night so you can see it without the tourists and stay in one of the lovely boutique hotels.

Sacred City of Kandy

The Sacred City of Kandy, nestled in the central highlands, was the last capital of the Sinhala kings. Now, with a history spanning over 2,500 years, its sites embody the pinnacle of traditional Buddhist spirituality in Sri Lanka.

At the heart of the city is the Temple of the Sacred Tooth Relic, which houses one of Buddhism’s most revered relics: a tooth of the Buddha.

The magnificent temple complex itself is worth seeing for its intricate architecture, but I think one of the most interesting things is being amongst the crowds of worshippers.

Kandy is visually striking, surrounded by lush hills and centred around the famous Kandy Lake. Its aesthetic is unique, blending colonial architecture with traditional Kandyan designs.

Strolling through the streets, you’ll find vibrant markets and the extensive Royal Botanical Gardens. For culture, the city offers traditional dance performances and ancient crafts, which give fascinating insights into Sri Lanka’s royal heritage.

Golden Temple of Dambulla

The Golden Temple of Dambulla is a remarkable cave temple complex in central Sri Lanka that has incredibly well-preserved Buddhist mural paintings and sculptures, dating back as early as the 1st century BC.

The site is made up of five caves, each covered with intricate artwork depicting Buddha’s life and Sri Lankan history. The largest, the Cave of the Great Kings, houses over 50 Buddha statues.

The walls and ceilings of the caves are a riot of colour, with centuries-old paintings still impressively vibrant. Even in the dim spaces of cool air, there’s so much brightness!

Visiting the Dambulla Cave Temple is easy, but there’s a bit of a climb up to the main part of the site from the enormous golden Buddha statue atop the modern temple building.

But don’t let the walk put you off. It’s worth heading up to the ancient caves to see this spiritual art gallery of golden statues and paintings on the rock faces.

Central Highlands of Sri Lanka

The Central Highlands of Sri Lanka is a vast area covering lush mountainous terrain in the centre of the country.

The site’s value comes from its remarkable biodiversity and unique ecosystems, home to many endemic species. The montane forests here are vital, acting as the watershed for the country’s major rivers.

There are lots of things for visitors to do here, but it’s particularly popular for trekkers looking to explore mist-shrouded trails through pristine forests.

The World Heritage Site is made up of three distinct protected areas: the Peak Wilderness Protected Area, the Horton Plains National Park, and the Knuckles Conservation Forest.

One of the easiest and most popular parts to access is Horton Plains, which features the dramatic World’s End, a sheer cliff with views stretching a long way on a clear day.

But if you’re up for a challenge, you can climb Adam’s Peak in the Peak Wilderness Area, a sacred mountain that attracts pilgrims with its path illuminated during the pilgrimage season.

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It’s probably no surprise that this frenetic metropolis has more things to do than you can fit into a single trip. I’ve written previously about a three-day Tokyo itinerary that will show you many of the highlights… but you’ll still be only scratching the surface.

Look a little deeper and you’ll find not just lots more things to do, but a really rich variety of what’s on offer.

And what I think is really interesting is how many of these Tokyo experiences are so peaceful or so particular. Japan’s capital may be an enormous city but it consists of so many little specific things.

On a recent trip to Japan, I had about a day in Tokyo before continuing on to explore some of the best things to do in Nara Prefecture.

To get me in the mood and to show me a few other engaging activities, the kind people from Tokyo and Nara put together a fun little itinerary while I was in the city this time.

Kayaking tour

So often, when we think of Tokyo, we think of the skyscrapers and neon lights of areas like Shinjuku or Ginza. But the city also has so much wonderful green space.

To get amongst some of Tokyo’s nature, I joined Outdoor Sports Club ZAC to kayak along the rivers to the east of the city centre.

Once used as important canals for transportation and trade during the Edo period, these rivers are now lined with peaceful parks and trees that bloom in the spring. As I paddle along, I see some old men sitting in the sun for a leisurely morning of fishing.

My kayaking guide, Fukazawa, tells me about some of the interesting local sights as we slowly cruise down the river – old factories and apartment blocks, for instance. And he also points out the birds that call this home.

In the distance, the iconic Tokyo Skytree tower looms on the horizon to remind you what city you’re in, but the serene atmosphere is not what you might expect for Tokyo.

Braided cord experience

I’ll tell you what else is very calming – doing some traditional Japanese braiding… as I found out later in the day when I joined a class to learn more about it.

This type of braiding is called ‘kumihimo’ and it has a very long history in the country, beginning here more than a thousand years ago. Generally the braiding is in the shape of a cord and it was originally used on things like samurai armour or scabbards. Now it’s used for things like ties and belts.

So, in the stylish neighbourhood of Kagurazaka, I head to the store of Domyo, a kumihimo company that was founded in 1652 and is the oldest of its kind in Japan (it often gets asked by museums to make replicas of historic pieces of braiding).

To make my piece of cord, I sit over a wooden stand with 12 silk threads hanging down and follow the patient teacher’s instructions, putting them over each other, back and forth.

It becomes quite meditative once I get the hang of things and miraculously, there are no mistakes, so I end up with a long enough cord of kumihimo to make a keyring.

It’s a fun experience and also a great way to learn about this fascinating Japanese craft.

Nara Mahoroba-kan

To prepare for my time in Nara Prefecture, I head to a shop called Nara Mahoroba-kan, which has a huge collection of local products and specialties from the region.

There are lots of craft items – things like pottery, wooden carvings, and even soaps. There are also notebooks and calligraphy sets… and lots more.

And then there’s lots of food. Much of it is packaged in a way that will last a while, such as the dry somen noodles, sauces, and sweets. But then there’s a cafe serving fresh food, including the famous ice shaving treat from Nara called kakigori.

There’s even a sake tasting where you pay for the time period and then can taste as many types of sake as you want (which is a lot – there are about 20 there when I visit!).

There isn’t too much information in English within the shop, so you may want to visit with a guide or pop in after you’ve been to Nara so you will recognise some of the products here.

EAT: TOKi

A real highlight of Nara Mahoroba-kan is the restaurant on its upper floor, called TOKi, which has one Michelin star.

The restaurant takes the ingredients and traditions of ancient Nara but then gives it a modern Spanish twist, creating unique dishes that each have a story. Even the menu on the table is like an old folding book, each page a course of the degustation infused with poetry.

For my meal, for example, one course takes the idea of typical Spanish ham but creates it with duck, a jelly of sherry to signify aging, and a smoky-flavoured foam to represent the process of curing it.

Or there’s the Nara beef that is served with a Spanish-style risotto with zucchini and a mint sauce.

There are about ten courses – some vegetarian, some noodle-based, some dessert – and overall it’s an incredible meal with so many stories and interesting techniques involved.

EAT: Awo Niyoshi

For another excellent meal – and another chance to get a taste of Nara – I would also recommend a restaurant called Awo Niyoshi.

Set in an 80-year-old house in Nihonbashi, close to Tokyo Station, this charming restaurant is run by people from Nara and the dishes all relate to the cuisine from that region (even the chopsticks are made from Nara cedar).

The menu changes a bit because the food is seasonal – I have a delicious eggplant dish that I’m told won’t be available the following week, for example. But the main courses generally stay the same.

And one of the most popular main courses is duck, which is an important product for Nara because it doesn’t have any coastline, so doesn’t use nearly as much fish as other prefectures. (Some sashimi is served, but that’s so you can try the soy sauce, which is from Nara).

With a casual environment but excellent food, Awo Niyoshi is a great restaurant to taste some Nara cuisine – or just for a great meal close to the city’s main train station.

STAY: The Royal Park Hotel Iconic Tokyo Shiodome

This time in Tokyo, I stay at The Royal Park Hotel Iconic Tokyo Shiodome, a large four-star luxury hotel just on the southern edge of Ginza. The hotel is a short walk from Shimbashi station, making it a convenient location for Haneda Airport flights because there’s a direct train.

There’s a range of room sizes and, even though the smaller ones still have quite a lot of space, it’s the larger suites that are really impressive. They’re designed partly for people staying for a longer period, with separate sleeping and living areas making it feel more like an apartment.

The hotel is at the top of a skyscraper, so you get great views of the local area and out to landmarks like Tokyo Tower and Hama-rikyu Gardens. That’s why the hotel’s restaurant, Harmony, has most of the tables up against the windows.

Harmony serves breakfast and lunch with a combination of buffet and main dishes, and dinner. Because I’m staying in one of the ‘Executive’ rooms on the 38th floor, I also get access to the Executive Lounge, which also offers breakfast, as well as snacks during the day and cocktails in the evening.

Time Travel Turtle was supported by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and Nara Prefecture, but the opinions, over-written descriptions and bad jokes are his own.

The post Finding more experiences in Tokyo appeared first on Time Travel Turtle.

It’s a shame, because there’s lots to see in the city of Nara. Just the main temples and shrines of Nara Park can easily fill a day – and that’s before you start to go a little deeper for some of the interesting cultural experiences on offer here.

But going even further, beyond the city and into other parts of Nara Prefecture? I don’t think it’s something that too many tourists know about – yet there is a wealth of treasures hidden here in a relatively small area that’s easy to get around.

Nara Prefecture is packed full of history, including the area where Buddhism was first introduced to the country, where the foundations for a unified Japan were laid, and where samurais would come to train with their swords.

And, as I discovered when I explored more of Nara Prefecture, you can see many of these areas without the crowds of tourists you’ll find in central Nara, perhaps even as you walk or cycle through gorgeous traditional communities.

In the southern part of Nara Prefecture, the landscape is filled with mountains covered with forests and it’s here that some of the most spiritual parts of the country can still be found, including ancient pilgrimage trails.

Visiting the temples gives you an insight into some of this religious heritage, and you can also just enjoy the walks through the beautiful landscapes.

I started my journey through Nara Prefecture by arriving at Kyoto station on the Shinkansen from Tokyo and jumping onto the special sightseeing train called Aoniyoshi. It was a fun way to begin the trip and certainly a lot more comfortable than the usual commuter train.

It set the scene for a few days of experiences that all had a deep connection to the nature and the history of the region, with a little touch of fun and luxury.

In a region so close to Tokyo, it’s amazing how many aspects of Japan you can experience – a former capital, one of the most historic towns, unique cuisine, nature, hiking, and more.

So, with all that in mind, let’s have a look at some of the best things to do in Nara Prefecture.

Nara city

The main city of Nara is where most people start their travel in Nara Prefecture. Less than an hour from either Osaka or Kyoto, tourists often just treat it as a day trip – but there’s more than enough to fill a few days.

With World Heritage temples and shrines, interesting modern and historic neighbourhoods, and some great places to eat, you’ll find plenty of things to do in Nara.

Temples and shrines

Nara’s World Heritage Site is the highlight of the city, consisting of seven historic monuments. Most of them are Buddhist temples and Shinto shrines, the earliest founded when Nara was Japan’s capital in the 8th century.

The most famous is Todai-ji Temple, which is one of the world’s largest wooden buildings and houses a massive bronze statue of Buddha.

Nearby, Kasuga Taisha Shrine is set within a forest and has stone and bronze lanterns that create a spiritual sense amongst the nature.

Kofuku-ji Temple is another iconic site, with its five-story pagoda dominating the city’s skyline, while Yakushi-ji Temple also has an important pagoda that is one of the best examples of Japanese architecture from that time.

I think it’s worth seeing as many of the temples and shrines of Nara as possible. These sacred spaces showcase different parts of the city’s history and religious heritage and are still active places of worship, with monks living on site.

The temple gardens are also part of the appeal, transforming seasonally, including with cherry blossoms in spring.

Sutra copying at Yakushi-ji

There’s more to do at the temples than just look at them, and I think one of the most interesting activities is tracing sutras at Yakushi-ji Temple.

The temple pioneered the practice of sutra copying as a meditative activity for modern visitors, transforming what was once a crucial method of preserving Buddhist texts into a form of spiritual therapy.

You are given a large sheet of paper that goes over the top of another with 262 printed Japanese characters. Then, with a brush and ink, you trace the writing that you can see beneath.

Before entering the copying room, I do the same purification rituals that the locals do, including putting a clove in my mouth, passing through incense smoke, and wearing a wagesa around my neck.

The experience is called performing o-shakyo and it feels really special to know that my sutra will join all the others in a set of drawers inside the temple’s lecture hall.

Naramachi

The historic neighbourhood of Naramachi preserves the atmosphere of merchant-class Japan from about a century ago, with many original wooden buildings in the narrow winding streets.

They may not look like much from the street, but many of these townhouses were long and narrow (they were taxed by street frontage) with shops at the front and beautiful homes at the back.

Some of these are open to the public and you can visit them for free. The most interesting is probably Nigiwai-no-ie (the home of Nigiwai), which was built in 1917 and sold antiques to travellers and merchants who used to walk along the street. At the back, the tatami-mat rooms lead to a gorgeous courtyard garden.

Another building to pop into is Koshi-no-ie (the home of Koshi), which has similar elements but quite a different design over two levels.

Wandering the streets of Naramachi give you a great sense of this slice of history, and you’ll find lots of interesting shops and restaurants along the way.

Shaved ice (kakigori)

It gets hot in Nara in summer and one of the best ways to cool down is with the city’s traditional shaved ice treat known as kakigori.

These aren’t just simple snow cones, but carefully constructed desserts featuring homemade syrups, seasonal fruits, and traditional toppings like sweet azuki beans or matcha powder.

There are quite a few stores in Nara that serve kakigori, each with their own unique approach (although they all tend to be works of art!).

I had a great shaved ice bowl at Housekibako and would definitely recommend it. The store is in the covered shopping arcade, where you could also pick up some local souvenirs.

EAT: Kasuga Ninai Jyaya

This fascinating restaurant within the Kasuga Taisha Shrine precinct is another way to experience a deeper side of Nara. Dating back to the late Edo period, Kasuga Ninai Jyaya began as a mobile teahouse that was carried on shoulder poles.

The signature dish is called ‘manyo-gayu’, which is a rice porridge featuring seasonal ingredients inspired by a famous poetry collection called the Manyoshu. It changes monthly – for example: rapseed blossoms in March, cherry blossoms in April, and matcha in summer (when it’s served cold).

Originally it was also used as a purification teahouse where visitors cleansed their body and spirit by eating food cooked with sacred fire before worship.

STAY: Nipponia Hotel Nara Naramachi

For somewhere really special to stay in Nara, I would recommend Nipponia Hotel Nara Naramachi, which describes itself as “the world’s first sake-themed hotel”.

This hotel, converted from an old sake factory, features only a handful of unique guest rooms, each set in different parts of the building that were once used for brewing and selling sake.

Along with the gorgeous rooms, there’s an in-house restaurant within the former sake brewery where you’ll have breakfast.

I would also suggest having dinner here for an incredible degustation menu that incorporates sake into some of the dishes (there’s also an optional sake pairing for the full experience).

STAY: JW Marriott Hotel Nara

For a larger and more modern option, the JW Marriott Hotel Nara brings the brand’s usual luxurious standards to Nara, with some local elements like traditional wind bells hanging from ceiling in the lobby to scare away demons.

There are four floors of guest rooms with different sizes – including ones that would suit families – plus a spa, indoor pool, and executive lounge.

On the ground floor, the Silk Road Dining restaurant has dishes that incorporate different spices and cooking techniques from across the ancient trading network.

There’s also a Japanese restaurant called Azekura offering sushi, kaiseki, and teppanyaki in a space inspired by the treasure room of Todai-ji Temple.

Ikaruga

About ten kilometres to the southwest of central Nara is the town of Ikaruga, a significant centre even before Nara became Japan’s capital in the 8th century.

Ikaruga’s heritage is from the 7th-century Asuka period, when it played an important role in the introduction of Buddhism to Japan, and includes one of Japan’s most famous World Heritage Sites, Horyu-ji Temple.

Fujinoki Kofun

In the 6th century here, it was common for a very important person to be buried in a prominent tomb that was covered in earth to create a mound called a tumulus.

A large number of these tumuli have been found in the region (and in other parts of Japan) but one of the most important is the Fujinoki Kofun.

It got widespread media attention when excavation work began in 1985 and the archaeologists discovered the stone burial chamber hadn’t been looted, like almost all the others. Inside, they found a sarcophagus with two men and a large number of treasures!

The mound is only a few hundred metres from Horyu-ji Temple so it’s easy to visit it. You’ll easily spot the green grass covering it and you can look through a door at the entrance to the stone chamber to see the inner sanctum. There are also information boards explaining some of the story.

Ikaruga Cultural Properties Centre

If you are interested in learning more about Fujinoki Kofun, then head to the Ikaruga Cultural Properties Centre, a few minutes’ walk away.

Here, there’s a museum with replicas of the treasures that were found in the tomb, the highlight being the extraordinary gilt-bronze horse trappings featuring phoenix, dragon, elephant, and demon designs.

There are preserved golden shoes, hair decorations, mirrors, and pottery, plus a recreation of the red sarcophagus with the two bodies and burial items as they were originally found.

A 20-minute video gives a great overview of the story of the tomb and the archaeological work. You can also learn more about some of the theories surrounding the tomb, including who people now think the bodies were likely to be.

(My visit was supported by Ikaruga Town.)

EAT: WaCAFE Fukokuen

Not far from the main sights of Ikaruga, a restaurant called WaCAFE Fukokuen is a great place to try the local speciality of tatsuta-age.

A type of karaage, it’s named after the Tatsuta River that flows through the town. Pieces of chicken are marinated with a soy-sauce-based marinade, coated in potato starch, and then fried in oil.

To try tatsuta-age at WaCAFE Fukokuen, you can get the popular set with rice and somen noodles.

Asuka

While Ikaruga was an important location, the real political centre of the Asuka period was in the town of Asuka, for which it was named.

This is where Buddhism was introduced to Japan, during a period that saw the emergence of the system of centralised national government that would be the foundation for the country we know today.

Head south from Ikaruga (or from central Nara) and you’ll reach Asuka in about an hour. These days, it seems quiet and relaxed – but there’s a lot of history to discover.

Asuka Historical National Government Park

Most of the main sights are contained within the Asuka Historical National Government Park, which consists of five different areas around the town with the remains of monuments from around the 7th century.

Some of the most significant locations are the burial mounds known as tumuli. They’re similar to the one uncovered in Ikaruga that I talked about earlier – but many of these ones are much bigger and more impressive.

The Takamatsu-zuka tomb is one of the most significant ones. It was made between the late 7th and early 8th century with a central stone chamber of sixteen slabs, and its interior walls has a series of murals painted on it.

Kitora Tumulus Mural Experiential Museum

I’m going to make special mention of the Kitora Tumulus, which is considered one of the most important burial mounds in Asuka. Like the Takamatsu-zuka tomb, it has murals painted on the internal walls – but incredibly, these ones represent the twelve signs of the zodiac. Because of the locations of these constellations, it’s claimed to be the oldest celestial map in the world.

A modern museum next to the tumulus has a replica of the central stone chamber and the paintings, along with a lot of exhibitions about what’s been found here and its significance.

The Kitora Tumulus Mural Experiential Museum also offers workshops where you can make an example of the ancient currency from the Asuka period known as ‘fuhonsen’.

You’ll melt some metal in a saucepan and then pour it into a mould. When it cools down and solidifies, the coins will be ready!

Okadera Temple

The sound of cicadas fill the air as I walk up the steps to Okadera Temple, which is set amongst a beautiful forest landscape.

The main temple houses Japan’s largest clay Buddhist statue (4.6 metres tall), which has remained in place for 1300 years while buildings have been reconstructed around it.

Walk to the back of this hall and you’ll find even more treasures, like the 33 golden statues representing each of the Buddhist temples along the region’s ancient pilgrimage route.

It’s interesting to see the tori gate leading to a Shinto shrine within this Buddhist temple, showing how the two religions are intertwined in Japan.

From the main building at Okadera Temple, a trail leads up into the forest where you can go for a short walk through the natural surroundings.

Asuka Night Mystery Tour

For a different way to explore Asuka, you can join a fun bike tour that starts just before dusk and then heads to some of the interesting parts of the town after dark.

Starting in the centre of town, you’ll pedal through rice paddies while the sun sets, experiencing some of the agricultural parts of Asuka.

You’ll go to the most important tumulus sites and learn about the history of Asuka – and you’ll even be able to enter the museum after it’s closed to see the tomb replica in the dark… just as it would be in real life!

The Asuka Night Mystery Tour also takes you to some other important heritage locations to explore them by torchlight and hear about some of the mysterious legends surrounding them.

EAT: Senjutei

There are lots of great places to eat around Asuka, but I would also recommend a short drive to the nearby region of Miwa which is home to a famous type of noodle called Miwa somen.

When you’re there, head to a restaurant called Senjutei, which opened 42 years ago and specialises in Miwa somen… because it belongs to the local noodle company!

Somen is usually eaten cold in summer and the most popular dish here includes different flavours of noodles like tomato, spinach, and pumpkin (the flavour is added as it is manufactured).

Even if you can’t make it to Senjutei, you should definitely look for somen on the menu while you’re in this part of Nara prefecture.

STAY: BRANCHERA VILLA ASUKA

In a quiet part of Asuka, the gorgeous BRANCHERA VILLA ASUKA gives you an authentic Japanese escape in a traditional house that’s more than 150 years old.

The building has been revived to keep the original shape and atmosphere, but now offers two boutique suites that each have a main bedroom but also have enough space for extra guests.

With tatami mats, sliding doors, and large bathtubs, it’s all very luxurious but also very Japanese.

Quiet and relaxing, it feels like you’re far away from the crowds even though you’re conveniently close to all the sights of Asuka.

Yagyu

About 15 kilometres to the east of central Nara, through forests and mountains, is an area called Yagyu. Once home to Japan’s most famous sword-fighting clan, this small mountain village was a training ground for samurai from all across the country in the 19th century.

Now, it’s very peaceful but some of that sword-fighting heritage remains amongst the stunning natural landscapes.

Former Karo House of the Yagyu Clan

One of the most interesting spots to visit to get a sense of the history here is a place called the ‘Former Karo House of the Yagyu Clan’.

This was the heart of the Yagyu domain, where the top administrator (known as a ‘karo’) lived and worked. It’s why there are so many formal rooms here with tatami mats and paper walls, because a lot of business was conducted in the house.

Built in 1841, it’s an interesting building architecturally and for what it represents. But for Japanese people, it’s particularly famous because it was the inspiration for an NHK television drama series about the Yagyu clan.

You can visit the Former Karo House of the Yagyu Clan to see all of this for yourself. It’s a good way to start a visit before you head off on a walk… which is my next suggestion for what to do.

Yagyu Kaido road

The Yagyu Kaido was an ancient road that linked the centre of Nara to Yagyu village. Although it existed for centuries, it was during the sword-training era that it became popular for samurai to walk along this route to visit the Yagyu clan.

The whole stretch of the Yagyu Kaido is about 19 kilometres in length and passes through gorgeous cedar forests, along rivers, past small waterfalls, up and down the mounains.

Along the way, there are shrines, temples, and villages. The landscape is reminiscent of the Kumano Kodo pilgrimage routes, creating a spiritual and meditative atmosphere – even though this was a commercial, not religious, path.

If you want to walk the whole way from Nara to Yagyu (or vice versa) then that’s possible in a day. Or you could do what I did, which was just go along some of the route from Yagyu to see a bit of the scenery.

You can also take some small detours to see interesting locations like the AmaNo-Iwatate Shrine, which has the tori gate you can see in my photo.

Yoshino

In the south of Nara Prefecture, the Yoshino region represents the heart of Japan’s ancient mountain spirituality.

Amongst the gorgeous peaks of the Kii Peninsula, there are temples and shrines connected to the unique Japanese blend of Buddhism, Shintoism, and nature worship called Shugendo that developed here in relative isolation.

Although it’s relatively close to Nara city, within about 90 minutes you can be amongst the serene nature of the special and historic area of Yoshino.

Kinpusen-ji Temple

One of the most important sights in the region is Kinpusen-ji Temple, which is the spiritual centre of the Shugendo mountain asceticism that is practiced here.

Shugendo is type of Buddhism that originated around Nara and blends several belief systems and philosophies with the concept of mountain worship. For monks and other practitioners, part of the training is to spend long periods out in the wilderness.

You can learn more about this at Kinpusen-ji Temple, where the monks will be happy to talk to you about Shugendo (although you’ll likely need a translator).

The temple is part of a World Heritage Site and is interesting enough even if you don’t have a chat with anyone. The wooden pillars are sourced from large ancient trees like cedars to represent the mountain forests, while the statues and displays all have stories that reflect the Shugendo philosophies.

Mt Yoshino

There’s more to see around Mount Yoshino than just Kinpusen-ji, including a few more parts of the World Heritage Site (which is officially called the Sacred Sites and Pilgrimage Routes in the Kii Mountain Range).

In particular, there are the small Shinto shrines of Yoshino-Mikumari-jinja, Kimpu-jinja, and Yoshimizu-jinja, which are all set amongst the beautiful mountain foliage.

But parts of Mount Yoshino itself are also included, and there are lots of hiking trails you can explore, some of which are parts of old pilgrimage routes.

From the local train station, you can take the Yoshino Ropeway up the mountain if you don’t want to walk up hill. (The ropeway takes about five minutes compared to at least 30 minutes of steep walking.)

The ropeway takes you right into the little town of Yoshino, which is lined with quaint shops and restaurants. Be warned, though, this is one of the most popular spots in all of Japan to see the cherry blossoms, so it gets very crowded in spring.

Miyoshino Sake Brewery

Down along the river, Miyoshino Sake Brewery uses the pristine water from the surrounding mountains to create distinctive sake that embodies the terroir of the Yoshino region.

While the brewery has a range of standard sake brands, it also experiments with different styles, meaning each attempt can produce unexpected flavours that you can try at a tasting – with descriptions like citrus, tropical, or aging.

A tour of the Miyoshino Sake Brewery offers a good insight into the process of making sake, including all the steps along the way like sorting the rice when it’s delivered and using natural yeast in the air for the fermentation process.

EAT: Hiraso

Down the bottom of the mountain, a nice spot to try a really authentic local dish is a restaurant called Hiraso, which has its Yoshino Main Branch here.

The highlight here is ‘kakino hanazushi’, which is a pressed sushi wrapped in persimmon leaves. It shows how the mountain communities developed sophisticated preservation techniques using local ingredients.

The restaurant is nice and casual with a view across the river, and the food is great and just what I felt like for lunch after a morning in the mountains.

Time Travel Turtle was supported by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government and Nara Prefecture, but the opinions, over-written descriptions and bad jokes are his own.

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The international organisation only adds new ones once a year and only about 20 at a time (26 in 2014). It was just my luck that they chose one in the country I was travelling in at the time.

At first, I was a bit annoyed. The challenge already involved seeing 38 sites in just 30 days and now I had to squeeze another one in.

In hindsight, though, I’m glad this happened. Otherwise I would never have gone to visit Civitas Corvey and see its Carolingian Westwork.

The site is in the centre of Germany – not near anything in particular, although the nearest main city is Hanover, about 100 kilometres away. The rural setting is part of the beauty of the place, though.

Although it played a critical role in the spread of Christianity in Europe, it remained geographically separate from the grand cities of the continent and their large religious constructions which often were to show off power more than faith.

The work of the Civitas Corvey was focused purely on theology.

The westwork – the monumental entrance to the church – here is the only standing structure in the world that is left from the Carolingian Empire. While this particular empire is not that well known by this name, it is hugely important in the history of Europe.

The Carolingian Empire covered much of Western Europe in the 9th century and would be the genesis for the creation of the kingdoms of France and Germany.

So what exactly is the site itself? A good question and one that I couldn’t really answer before I arrived.

It’s obviously not a popular tourist spot and the name is a bit confusing. So let me try to describe it for you myself.

There are two main sections. The first is the church, which has the important westwork as its entrance on the western side.

Inside, it is small but beautiful. It also has a deep history and people have worshipped on this site for nearly 1200 years.

It is a rather understated for such a significant house of worship – relics went from here to churches all across Europe as the Christian faith was taken to the people of the north.

The second section of Corvey is much larger and more impressive in its grandeur. It is made up of the multi-levelled monastery building that holds many treasures and is a piece of art in itself.

There’s a slight contradiction in the rooms here. While some are rather plain and reflect the purity of the pious men, there are also elaborately decorated and furnished rooms.

This is because, during the course of history, the building was used to host German emperors and kings because of its significant political position.

Visiting the Civitas Corvey

It is possible to see the church and the monastery buildings on your own, although there are also guided tours offered.

The church is quite small and doesn’t take too long to see. The other parts of the building are quite expansive, though, and there is a fair amount to see.

One of the highlights of the visit is the incredible library that has more than 74,000 books in it. It is one of the largest and most valuable private collections of books in Germany.

The library is made up of 15 different connected rooms and has 200 different bookcases. Interestingly, it has a decent collection of fictions, travel books and even romance novels!

A few visitor notes about accessibility:

• Civitas Corvey is accessible for wheelchair and has ramps and an elevator
• Assistance animals are permitted everywhere
• There are barrier-free toilets.

For more information, see the official website of Civitas Corvey.

After your visit, you can hang out at the nearby Stellwerk Café Corvey where they have a fantastic garden, or see some flowers at the Remtergarten Landesgartenschau Höxter.

Where should you stay in Höxter?

There is not much accommodation near the site but there are enough options for a night.
If you’re looking for something budget, you’re probably best off with Gästehaus am Räuschenberg.
For something a bit more upmarket, have a look at Ringhotel Niedersachsen.

You can find out more information at the official website for the Corvey site.

Time Travel Turtle was supported by DB Bahn, the German National Tourist Board and Youth Hostels in Germany but the opinions, over-written descriptions and bad jokes are his own.

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What is a surprise is how few Egyptian World Heritages Sites there are… but that’s mainly because the local authorities chose to group lots of landmarks together into single designations. (For instance, everything within Ancient Thebes, including the Valley of the Kings, Karnak Temple, and the Temple of Hatshepsut are all just one single UNESCO site.)

Of the seven World Heritage Sites in Egypt, six of them are cultural, with a focus on Ancient Egypt and the achievements of one of humanity’s oldest civilisations.

A couple of highlights are the Pyramids of Giza, which remain one of the most recognisable symbols of human achievement, and the ancient Thebes complex including the Valley of the Kings, where the tombs of pharaohs are still full of mystery.

But starting with the Ancient Egyptian dynasties, the story continues through the Greco-Roman period, the rise of Coptic Christianity, and the Islamic age, culminating in the medieval streets of Historic Cairo, one of the oldest Islamic cities in the world.

One of the things I find quite interesting is that most of these World Heritage Sites in Egypt don’t just feature an individual monument – instead they showcase entire ancient cities and archaeological landscapes that have survived for millennia.

If you wanted to visit all of Egypt’s World Heritage Sites, you’d find most of them relatively accessible compared to many other countries (the exception perhaps being the Saint Catherine Area).

Several of the major sites are clustered along the Nile Valley, with some right in the heart of Cairo. Even the more remote locations, like Abu Simbel, are well-connected by tours and flights.

So, with all that in mind, let’s take a look at all of the Egyptian World Heritage Sites.

Memphis and its Necropolis – the Pyramid Fields from Giza to Dahshur

Starting with the oldest of the cultural World Heritage Sites in Egypt, this one that covers the ancient capital of Memphis has monuments from approximately 3100BC to 2200 BC.

The site’s centrepiece is undoubtedly the Pyramids of Giza, the three monumental structures built as tombs for pharaohs, along with the Great Sphinx, showcase the extraordinary architectural and engineering prowess of the Old Kingdom period.

But the UNESCO site stretches all the way from Giza for about 30 kilometres to an area called Dahshur, (now known as Saqqara) which has even earlier monuments like the Red and Bent Pyramids, which provide insight into the evolution of the construction of these tombs.

This is a World Heritage Site of unparalleled historical significance. The number of important monuments within its boundaries is incredible, and together they offer a glimpse into one of the world’s most fascinating civilisations.

Of course, you’ll want to visit the pyramids, but I recommend also seeing some of the other landmarks further away that remind you of how ancient Memphis was once a thriving metropolis.

Ancient Thebes with its Necropolis

The next of Egypt’s World Heritage Sites chronologically is Ancient Thebes, which was the capital of the Middle and New Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt, around where the modern city of Luxor now is.

Set on either side of the Nile, Ancient Thebes stands as a testament to the grandeur of ancient Egyptian civilisation. especially the spectacular Karnak Temple complex on the east bank, which I think is one of the best attractions in the whole country.

The other main highlight is on the west bank – the Valley of the Kings (plus the Valley of the Queens and associated mortuary temples). These necropolises contain the tombs of pharaohs and nobles, their walls still adorned with vivid paintings.

And, of course, this is where you’ll find the tomb of Tutankhamen.

One of the things that makes this World Heritage Site so outstanding is the concentration of monumental and architectural wonders, including Luxor Temple, the Avenue of Sphinxes, and the Colossi of Memnon.

When you visit Luxor, make sure you leave yourself enough time to explore as many of these ancient landmarks as possible.

Nubian Monuments from Abu Simbel to Philae

This next World Heritage Site covers a period from about the 13th century BC to the 2nd century BC, from the height of the New Kingdom to the Ptolemaic Period, which saw the end of Ancient Egypt.

A number of monuments are included in this designation, which together represent an extraordinary collection of ancient architectural marvels, showcasing the remarkable craftsmanship and engineering prowess of the time.

The centrepiece is the Great Temple of Ramesses II at Abu Simbel, renowned for its colossal statues and intricate reliefs. Equally impressive is the nearby Temple of Hathor, dedicated to Queen Nefertari. These structures were famously rescued from the rising waters of Lake Nasser in the 1960s through a monumental UNESCO-led relocation effort.

The other most important monument is the island temple complex at Philae, dedicated to the goddess Isis. Here, you can get a boat across to the island and explore the graceful colonnades and reliefs. There’s also a popular sound and light show in the evenings.

Between these two main landmarks are lots of other smaller temples of monuments that tell the story of the Nubian civilisation. It’s a region rich in history that often, apart from the two places I’ve mentioned, can sometimes be overlooked by visitors. But there are lots of things to do in Aswan if you spend a few days here.

Historic Cairo

Right in the centre of the capital, Historic Cairo is the most modern of Egypt’s World Heritage Sites, even though it covers a period of more than a thousand years.

This site is a treasure trove of Islamic architecture and culture, including landmarks from about 970 AD onwards. Based around the medieval Islamic city, with its labyrinthine streets and stunning monuments, it reflects the golden age of the Fatimid, Ayyubid, Mamluk, and Ottoman periods.

As you wander the narrow alleyways of ornate mosques, madrasas, and bazaars, some highlights to look out for are the Sultan Hassan Mosque, the Al-Rifa’i Mosque, and the majestic Citadel of Cairo.

The World Heritage Site also includes an area known as Coptic Cairo, where there has historically been a Christian presence. In this small but dense neighbourhood surrounded by tall walls, some of the highlights worth mentioning are the Fortress of Babylon, the Hanging Church, Abu Serga (the oldest church in Egypt, built in the 4th century), and the Coptic Museum.

Wadi Al-Hitan (Whale Valley)

And finally, the only natural World Heritage Site in Egypt – Wadi Al-Hitan, or Whale Valley. This is an incredible fossil site that holds the secrets of prehistoric whales’ evolution from land-dwelling to aquatic creatures.

The site boasts hundreds of fossils of ancient whales which shows that they have legs and feet! These 40-million-year-old remains are remarkably well-preserved, often complete skeletons, that offer unparalleled insights into a pivotal moment in natural history as whales become water-based creatures.

It may now be famous, but I think visiting Wadi Al-Hitan is an incredible journey through time and terrain.

The stark beauty of the desert, with its wind-carved rock formations and golden dunes, creates an otherworldly backdrop for this open-air museum. Following marked trails, you can see the fossils in situ and marvel at the juxtaposition of marine remains in this now-arid environment.

The site’s visitor centre offers educational displays and contextual information, enhancing the experience. However, the real magic lies in wandering the valley itself.

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Unfortunately, this vast array of landscapes is not really reflected in the World Heritage Sites of Chile.

In fact, the country does not have a single ‘natural’ World Heritage Site.

Why? I’m not sure… but remember, for a World Heritage Site to be designated, its country has to first nominate it, and for some reason Chile has not tried to get places like Torres del Paine or the Atacama listed.

When we look at the Chilean World Heritage Sites, what we find are seven cultural ones, which are all very interesting.

Not only do they cover much of the country’s large geographical span, but they also cover a remarkable spectrum of eras in the Chile’s history, including the age of the Incas and right up to the modern industrial period.

To showcase the variety, I thought we would look at each of Chile’s World Heritage Sites from oldest to newest.

Qhapac Ñan, Andean Road System

You or I might call it the ‘Andean Road System’, but the official name is Qhapac Ñan. It’s a remarkable network of pre-Columbian pathways that spans six South American countries, including Chile.

In Chile, Qhapac Ñan stretches across the northern regions, traversing harsh desert landscapes and rugged Andean terrain. Its significance lies in its testament to Inca engineering prowess and its role in facilitating communication, trade, and cultural exchange across the empire.

The road system showcases innovative construction techniques adapted to challenging topography, including stone paving, retaining walls, and drainage systems. Visiting the Chilean segments of Qhapac Ñan offers a unique glimpse into ancient Andean civilisation.

Whilst some sections are easily accessible, others require guided expeditions, ensuring an adventure for history enthusiasts and nature lovers alike.

If you want to see some for yourself, there are some particularly well-preserved sections near Putre in the Arica and Parinacota Region. Here, you can marvel at the precise stonework and imagine the bustling activity that once characterised these routes.

Churches of Chiloé

On the Chiloé Archipelago along the coast of southern Chile, the Churches of Chiloé have a unique architectural style which speaks to their cultural significance.

These wooden churches, built in the 18th and 19th centuries, represent a remarkable fusion of European Jesuit design and indigenous Chilote craftsmanship.

The churches use local materials like native timbers including alerce, cypress, and coigue. Their colorful exteriors, often adorned with wooden shingles, contrast beautifully with the lush green landscape of Chiloé.

Go inside and you’ll be greeted by intricate woodwork, including barrel-vaulted ceilings and ornate altars. The decorations may not be elaborate but they are beautifully refined.

You’ll find that visiting the churches of Chiloé offers a glimpse into the rich spiritual and cultural heritage of the region, while the picturesque countryside and charming villages is a bonus.

I would suggest going to more than one, if possible, as each church has its own unique character, reflecting the local community’s history and traditions – and many still serve as active places of worship.

Historic Quarter of the Seaport City of Valparaíso

The second-largest city in the country, Valparaíso’s historic centre has been listed as one of the World Heritage Sites in Chile because of the way it developed in the late 19th century.

You can see it as soon as you arrive, with colourful buildings spreading up from the water, adapting ingeniously to the challenging topography of steep hills overlooking the Pacific Ocean.

Valparaíso’s distinctive character also stems from its funicular elevators, a network of 16 surviving lifts that connect the flat coastal area to the hillside neighbourhoods. These funiculars, along with the city’s winding staircases and narrow alleys, create a captivating labyrinth for visitors to explore.

As a major seaport, there’s an interesting cosmopolitan history, and you can also explore the eclectic mix of colonial churches, European-inspired mansions, and bohemian cafes.

Street art is another defining feature of the city, with vibrant murals adorning many buildings and adding to the artistic atmosphere. When you visit, I think one of the best things to do in Valparaíso is take a guided tour to learn about the stories behind these colourful creations.

The bustling waterfront area, with its historic port infrastructure and lively fish market, provides insight into the city’s maritime heritage. Also, don’t miss poet Pablo Neruda’s quirky La Sebastiana house museum, offering a glimpse into the city’s literary connections.

Sewell Mining Town

Perched high in the Chilean Andes, about 100 kilometres south of Santiago, the Sewell Mining Town is an abandoned company village surrounded by the rugged landscapes of the mountains.

Built on a steep slope about 2000 metres above sea level, Sewell’s distinctive architecture features colourful wooden buildings connected by a network of stairs instead of streets. This design responded ingeniously to the challenging terrain and harsh climate.

At its peak in the 1960s, about 16,000 people lived in the Sewell Mining Town, and there were facilities for the families of the copper mine’s workers. But by the end of the 1970s, transport had improved from nearby cities and many employed moved there instead

This is one of my favourite of Chile’s World Heritage Sites and I think visiting the Sewell Mining Town is such an interesting experience. Although it’s no longer inhabited, you can go on a tour and explore the former workers’ housing, community facilities, and industrial structures.

The journey to Sewell is an adventure in itself, involving a winding ascent through the Andes. Once there, the crisp mountain air and panoramic views are breathtaking – a nice little bonus!

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