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Work from Home taday and get money online (online job)

2011-12-30T08:31:00.000-08:00

Job Title:	Data Entry
Company Name:	Tourghanatoday
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Region:	Worldwide

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Qualifications:	Just be computer literate
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Education Level:	High School
Work Experience:	Not Needed

Phone No.:	0244249625

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Apply Process:	Strictly by e-mail.

Developing Countries Scholarship for Physicians, USA 2012

2011-10-04T04:20:00.001-07:00

Developing Countries Scholarship for Physicians, USA 2012

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Online College Grants and Student Financial Aid

September 29, 2011Scholarship for Physicians from Developing Countries in Hospice and Palliative care at AAHPM and HPNA in USA 2012
Study Subject(s):Hospice and Palliative care
Course Level:Research
Scholarship Provider: American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine
Scholarship can be taken at: USA
Eligibility:
-Scholarships are available to physicians who reside in a developing country (as defined by the World Health Organization) and care for seriously ill patients.
-Preference will be given to applicants who are members of the American Academy of Hospice and Palliative Medicine AAHPM (free virtual membership is available to physicians who reside in a nation on the HINARI list of eligible countries) have not previously attended the Annual Assembly are junior in their career, and whose organizations are considered least able to afford this opportunity.
Scholarship Open for International Students: Yes
Scholarship Description: The Developing Countries Scholarship Fund was established to provide access to quality education for physicians who reside in developing countries to attend the AAHPM and HPNA Annual Assembly in Vancouver. This scholarship program will provide financial support (up to $5,000) to physicians to learn the latest clinical information and research updates in hospice and palliative care from leading experts in the field. This scholarship program is intended to facilitate Annual Assembly participation and cover ordinary costs associated with meeting registration, travel-related expenses (air fare, cab fare, meals), and lodging.
How to Apply: Online
Scholarship Application Deadline: November 1, 2011
Further Scholarship Information and Application
Scholarship Tags: 2012, Care, Fund, Hospice, Medicine, Palliative, Physicians, Scholarship, USA

Read more: Developing Countries Scholarship for Physicians, USA 2012 : College Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, Postdoctoral, Graduate International Scholarships Fellowsh

2012 MBA SCHOLARSHIP

2011-09-26T06:37:00.000-07:00

The NUS PHD-MBA Scholarship Program 2012 for International Students, Singapore

SCHOLARSHIP FROM JAPAN

2011-09-22T07:47:00.001-07:00

September 22, 2011
Scholarships for Asian Students in Japan – Government of Japan and IMF Scholarships – Japanese Scholarships for International Students
About JISPA Scholarship
The Japan-IMF Scholarship Program for Asia (JISPA) was first introduced in 1993. It is funded by the Government of Japan, administered by the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and conducted at various graduate schools in Japan. Its objective is to contribute to institutional capacity building in economic policymaking to promote the sustainable growth of emerging and developing economies in Asia and the Pacific. By training future macroeconomic managers in these countries, the JISPA aims to enable them to better formulate sound economic and financial stability policies needed for sustainable growth and development.
Scholarship Provider: Government of Japan and International Monetary Fund (IMF)
Scholarship can be taken at: Japan
Open For International Students: Yes [ Only to Asian Students]
Countries:

Bangladesh, Bhutan, Cambodia, China, India, Indonesia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Republic, Lao P.D.R., Malaysia, Maldives, Mongolia, Myanmar, Nepal, Pacific Island Countries, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Tajikistan, Thailand, Timor-Leste, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Vietnam.
What Scholarship Covers:
The scholarship covers tuition-related costs and most living expenses for the scholar herself/himself. Officials who receive the JISPA scholarship cannot accept other scholarships. Scholars are expected to devote full time to their studies while in Japan.
How to Apply:
The program comprises two tracks: the partnership track and the open track.
Further Scholarship Information and Application [PDF]
Application Deadline:
December 10, 2011 for Partnership Track Program
There is no application deadline for the Open Track Program. Applications are accepted and reviewed year-round.
More Scholarships in Japan can be found here.

SCHOLARSHIP FOR INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS

2011-09-22T06:39:00.001-07:00

Colby-Sawyer College Scholarships for International Students for College Education at New London
Study Subject(s): Subjects Taught at College
Course Level: Undergraduate
Scholarship Provider: Colby-Sawyer College
Scholarship can be taken at: USA
Eligibility:
Academic Scholarships acknowledge students who have reached a high level of academic achievement throughout their high school career. As part of Colby-Sawyer’s rolling admissions process, students will be informed of the award decision at the point of acceptance. Students will receive the one academic scholarship that they are most qualified for. For international students, Admissions will recalculate grade point averages (GPAs) based on equivalent letter and number grades from the student’s Official High School Transcrip
Scholarship Open for International Students: Yes
Scholarship Description: Students who are admitted to Colby-Sawyer and meet the criteria for the academic scholarships that we offer, are automatically granted them at the time of admission. In addition to these automatic scholarships that are given at the time of admission, students may also apply for other merit/talent based scholarships. These additional funds are based on such criteria as community service and leadership, art, original research and so on.
We also offer a nonbinding Early Action admission program, meaning that if students apply by December 1, they still have until May 1 to make their decision and they will also be notified earlier. Early Action has with it a component of a scholarship of $2,000/year, plus any other scholarships that the student might qualify for.
How to Apply: By Post
Scholarship Application Deadline: Contact Employer [link below]
Further Scholarship Information and Application
Scholarship Tags: Colby, International, Sawyer, Undergraduate, USA

Read more: Colby-Sawyer College Scholarships for International Students 2012 : College Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, Postdoctoral, Graduate International Scholarships Fellowships
http://scholarship-positions.com

STUDY IN SWITZERLAND WITH SCHOLARSHIP

2011-09-20T02:27:00.000-07:00

Fellowships for Developing and Emerging Countries in Switzerland

STUDY IN AUSTRALIA WITH SCHOLARSHIP

2011-09-19T09:18:00.000-07:00

2012 International Postgraduate Research Scholarships at University of Melbourne, Australia

STUDY IN AMERICA WITH SCHOLARSHIP

2011-09-19T07:18:00.000-07:00

Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Scholarships have been established by the Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies to allow graduates to pursue study of benefit to the Muslim world.
Study Subject(s):Various
Course Level: Graduate
Scholarship Provider: Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies
Scholarship can be taken at: UK
Eligibility:
Candidates should be applying to start a new graduate course at Oxford. Please ensure you meet the requirements for entry to your course, including English language requirements. See the Course Guide for more information. Open to British Muslim students and students from the following developing countries in Asia and Africa: Afghanistan, Albania, Algeria, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Benin, Brunei, Burkina Faso, Cameroon, Chad, Comoros, Côte d’Ivoire, Egypt, Djibouti, Gabon, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Guyana, Indonesia, India, Iran, Iraq, Jordan, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Kyrgyzstan, Lebanon, Libya, Malaysia, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Morocco, Mozambique, Niger, Nigeria, Oman, Pakistan, Palestine, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Somalia, Sudan, Suriname, Syrian Arab Republic, Tajikistan, Togo, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkmenistan, Uganda, United Arab Emirates, Uzbekistan and Yemen Arab Republic. You must be able to show how your intended course of study is of relevance to the Muslim world. UK students must also be Muslims.
Scholarship Open for International Students: Yes
Scholarship Open for Students of Following Countries: British Muslim students and students from the following developing countries in Asia and Africa
Scholarship Description: The Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies is a Recognized Independent Centre of the University of Oxford. It was established in 1985 to encourage the scholarly study of Islam and the Islamic world. The Centre provides a meeting point for the Western and Islamic worlds of learning. At Oxford it contributes to the multi-disciplinary and cross-disciplinary study of the Islamic world. Beyond Oxford, its role is strengthened by an international network of academic contacts.
How to Apply: Online
Scholarship Application Deadline: Graduate study by the January deadline (20 January 2012)
Further Scholarship Information and Application
Scholarship Tags: 2012, Africa, Asia, British Muslim, developing, Islamic Studies, UK

Read more: Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies Scholarships 2012, UK : College Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, Postdoctoral, Graduate International Scholarships Fellowships
http://scholarship-positions.com

Scholarship for International Students to Study in Italy

2011-09-16T03:11:00.000-07:00

Scholarship for International Students to Study in Italy

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September 12, 2011Scholarship-positions.com brings the valuable scholarship information for students, who wish to attend higher education (H.Ed.) programmes in Italy, both at undergraduate and postgraduate level. Italy has played a significant role in creating the so-called “European Area of Higher Education”. Following are some excellent scholarships for international students to study in Italy, for better understanding please go through the link below:
PhD Scholarship Program at Politecnico di Torino (XXVII Cycle), Italy
Organization: Politecnico di Torino
Subject: Civil engineering and Architecture,Information and Communication engineering,Industrial Engineering, Physical, chemical,and Mathematical Sciences for Engineering
Country: Italy
Eligibility: The application for the PhD programs is addressed to the applicants that obtained (or will obtain by the 31/12/2011) the Master of Science degree (MSc)
Application Deadline: 31 December 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/phd-scholarship-program-at-politecnico-di-torino-xxvii-cycle-italy/2011/08/26/
PhD Research Programme in Agrobiosciences by Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Italy 2011/2012
Organization: Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna
Subject: Agrobiosciences
Country: Italy
Eligibility: Possession of a Master of Science (MSc.) or Master of Arts (MA) Degree (or equivalent)
Application Deadline: Candidates are requested to apply online by October 31, 2011, 00.00 GMT. In case of problems with the online application, please contact the PhD Administration Office
- The hardcopy of the application (signed by the candidate), together with the enclosures requested, must reach (regardless the forwarding date) by November 10, 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/phd-research-programme-in-agrobiosciences-by-scuola-superiore-santanna-italy-20112012/2011/08/12/
PhD Scholarship in Statistics at University of Padua, Italy 2011/2012
Organization: Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo
Subject: Statistics
Country: Italy
Eligibility: To have a foreign (non-Italian) academic qualification acknowledged as equivalent to the Diploma di Laurea/ Laurea Specialistica/Magistrale (at least four years of full time university education).
Application Deadline: 5 September 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/phd-scholarship-in-statistics-at-university-of-padua-italy-20112012/2011/08/12/
Advanced Course Scholarship in Sustainable Agriculture, Italy 2011/2012
Organization: The Mediterranean Agronomic Institute of Bari
Subject: Sustainable Agriculture
Country: Italy
Eligibility: Applications from candidates from Southern and Eastern Mediterranean countries are prioritised.
Application Deadline: 19 September 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/advanced-course-scholarship-in-sustainable-agriculture-italy-20112012/2011/08/11/
2011/2012 International PhD Program at Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Italy
Organization: Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn
Subject: Biological Sciences
Country: Italy
Eligibility: Applicants should hold an advanced degree such us a Master of Science degree (M.Sc.) or its equivalent in the subject to be studied.
Application Deadline: 20 September 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/international-phd-program-at-stazione-zoologica-anton-dohrn-20112012-italy/2011/08/08/
Call for Doctoral Scholarships in “Materials for Engineering” at University of Brescia, Italy
Organization:University of Brescia
Subject:Chemical Basis of Technologies, Physics, Solid State Physics, Theory of Structures, Building Technology , Machine Design, Logistics and Production Engineering ,Metallurgy , Materials Science and Technology.
Country: Italy
Eligibility: PhD
Application Deadline:on-line application for Mat4Eng PhD Course and scholarship will be available in September and the closing date is delayed of few weeks
http://scholarship-positions.com/call-for-doctoral-scholarships-in-%E2%80%9Cmaterials-for-engineering-%E2%80%9D-at-university-of-brescia-italy/2011/07/26/
Fernand Braudel Senior Fellowships at European University, Italy
Organization: European University
Subject: Chemical Basis of Technologies, Physics, Solid State Physics, Theory of Structures, Building Technology , Machine Design, Logistics and Production Engineering ,Metallurgy , Materials Science and Technology
Country: Italy
Eligibility: Applications are invited from candidates, regardless of gender, age and nationality, who hold an Italian “laurea specialistica (magistrale)”
Application Deadline: The annual deadlines for applications are 30 March and 30 September
http://scholarship-positions.com/fernand-braudel-senior-fellowships-at-european-university-italy/2011/07/18/
PhD Scholarship in Mathematics for International Students, University of Trento, Italy
Organization: University of Trento , Fondazione Bruno Kessler
Subject: Mathematics , Algebra, Geometry, Complementary Mathematics ,Mathematical Analysis ,Mathematical Probability and Statistics, Mathematical Physics, Numerical Analysis ,Operations Research , Statistics
Country: Italy
Eligibility: Applications are invited from candidates, regardless of gender, age and nationality, who hold an Italian “laurea specialistica (magistrale)
Application Deadline: September 30, 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/phd-scholarship-in-mathematics-for-international-student-university-of-trento-italy/2011/06/28/
PhD Fellowship in Functional and Structural Genomics at the International School for Advanced Studies, Italy
Organization: The International School for Advanced Studies
Subject: Systems Biology, Neurogenomics, Prion Biology, Cerebral Cortex Development, Functional Genomics
Country: Italy
Eligibility: The School welcomes applications from young candidates soon after completion of their undergraduate studies with a strong interest in research even if without previous specific experience.
Application Deadline: September 19, 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/phd-fellowship-in-functional-and-structural-genomics-at-the-international-school-for-advanced-studies-italy/2011/06/22/
2012 PhD Grants for International Students at University of Padova, Italy
Organization: Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Padova e Rovigo
Subject: Various
Country: Italy
Eligibility: To have a foreign (non-Italian) academic qualification acknowledged as equivalent to the Diploma di Laurea/ Laurea Specialistica/Magistrale (at least four years of full time university education).
Application Deadline: 5 September 2011
http://scholarship-positions.com/2012-phd-grants-for-international-students-at-university-of-padova-italy/2011/06/21/
Kindly leave your comments in feedback section beneath this blog.
Wishing you all success!!!
Regards,
Priyanka Sharma
Scholarship Tags: International, Italy, Scholarship, students, Study

Read more: Scholarship for International Students to Study in Italy : College Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, Postdoctoral, Graduate International Scholarships Fellowships
http://scholarship-positions.com

The Norwegian Government Scholarship for Master’s and PhD Students from Developing Countries, Norway

2011-09-16T01:36:00.000-07:00

The Norwegian Government Scholarship for Master’s and PhD Students from Developing Countries, Norway

September 3, 2011The Norwegian Government funded Quota Scheme Scholarship for Master’s and PhD Students from Developing Countries at universities and university colleges in Norway
Study Subject(s):Courses offered by Quota Scheme
Course Level:Master’s and PhD, Professional/Bachelor’s degrees.
Scholarship Provider: The Norwegian Government
Scholarship can be taken at: Norway
Eligibility:
As a student, you must apply directly from your home country. You must have stayed at least one year in your home country directly prior to the planned course of study at the Norwegian university /university college. To be eligible to apply for the Quota Scheme, you must be able to find your home country on this list. Students usually apply for degree programmes that serve as a continuation of their studies in their home country or for courses which can be a joint part of a degree programme in their home country (joint degree or sandwich programmes). Most of the programmes offered are at Master’s or PhD level, but the Quota Scheme also offers certain Bachelor’s study programmes. All candidates should typically have the following basic qualifications: * Secondary school certificates * Minimum two years of higher education from their home country Some exceptions apply for certain professional educational courses at Bachelor’s level.
Scholarship Open for International Students: Yes
Scholarship Open for Students of Following Countries: Developing Countries
Scholarship Description: The main objective of the Quota Scheme is to contribute to capacity building through education that will benefit the home country of the students when they return. The Quota Scheme is also intended to strengthen relations between Norway and the selected countries and thus contribute to internationalisation at Norwegian institutions of higher education. Most universities and university colleges in Norway participate in the Quota scheme. The institutions involved are allocated a certain number of students under the programme each year. The scheme normally includes courses at Master’s and Ph.D. level in addition to certain professional/Bachelor’s degrees. Most of the Norwegian institutions offer courses and educational programmes in English.
How to Apply:
Please refer to the International Offices at the Norwegian universities/university colleges. Each institution recruits their own students for this programme, and they will be able to provide the studens with more detailed information about admission requirements. The application procedure for the Quota Scheme should be available on the university’s/ university college’s webpages.
List of Colleges and Universities participating in the Scholarship Program
Important: Please contact directly to the college or university participating in this program for the application process.
Scholarship Application Deadline: 1 December 2011
Further Scholarship Information and Application
Scholarship Tags: countries, developing, Government, MASTER’S, Norway, Norwegian, PhD, Scholarship, students

Read more: The Norwegian Government Scholarship for Master’s and PhD Students from Developing Countries, Norway : College Scholarships, PhD Scholarships, Postdoctoral, Graduate International Scholarships Fellowships
http://scholarship-positions.com

Tyler Perry tops Forbes Hollywood list

2011-09-14T05:34:00.000-07:00

Tyler Perry tops Forbes Hollywood list

Actor, writer, producer and director Tyler Perry is Hollywood's highest-paid man after earning $130m (£82.3m) in a year, according to Forbes.com.

The 42-year-old, best known for playing a foul-mouthed grandmother in the Madea films, earned the figure between May 2010 to May 2011, Forbes said.
Blockbuster producer Jerry Bruckheimer was second with $113m (£71.5m) followed by Steven Spielberg, on $107m (£67.7m).
Elton John was fourth on the Forbes list, based on estimated earnings.
Perry, whose films rarely find an audience outside the US, recently helmed an adaptation of stage play For Colored Girls Who Have Considered Suicide When the Rainbow Is Enuf, which starred Whoopi Goldberg, Thandie Newton and Janet Jackson.
His involvement in the forthcoming movie, I, Alex Cross, will be a rare acting-only appearance.
In the film, he will play the titular detective, created by writer James Patterson, who is at number six on the Forbes list with estimated earnings of $84m (£53.2m).
During the 12-month period examined by Forbes, Bruckheimer produced films including the fourth Pirates of the Caribbean movie, On Stranger Tides, and oversaw hit TV shows including the CSI franchise and The Amazing Race.
Spielberg, meanwhile, produced films including Cowboys & Aliens and returned to the director's chair for two films that are likely to be big hits this winter - War Horse and The Adventures of Tintin.
Elton John, whose most recent tour made more than $200m (£126.6m), personally earned $100m (£63.3m), according to Forbes.
X Factor creator Simon Cowell, meanwhile, was in fifth place with $90m (£57m).
TV psychologist Dr Phil McGraw was seventh, with $80m (£50.6m), followed by Leonardo DiCaprio, with $77m (£48.7m).
Radio DJ Howard Stern was in ninth place, with $76m (£48.1), while golfer Tiger Woods was 10th, with $75m (£47.5m).

Sir Alex Ferguson sees echoes of Pele in Wayne Rooney

2011-09-14T05:22:00.000-07:00

Sir Alex Ferguson says he sees similarities with Brazilian legend Pele and Manchester United striker Wayne Rooney.
The United manager takes his team to Benfica for their Champions League opener with Rooney back to his best form for club and country.
Ferguson also discusses his side's improved consistency in Europe, where they have been finalists in three of the last four seasons, and discusses the threat of Benfica's own stars.

Andre Villas-Boas says Chelsea will go for victory at Manchester United

2011-09-14T05:15:00.000-07:00

Page last updated at 07:48 GMT, Wednesday, 14 September 2011 08:48 UK

Chelsea scored soon after Lampard was introduced from the bench

Chelsea manager Andre Villas-Boas accepts his side will face a "different kind of challenge altogether" when they visit Manchester United on Sunday.

David Luiz and Juan Mata scored in the 2-0 win over Bayer Leverkusen in their Champions League opener on Tuesday.
With one eye on the trip, Villas-Boas rested captain John Terry completely and Frank Lampard started on the bench.
Villas-Boas said: "We will go there to try to win it. It's going to be a very good early-season game."

We had numerous chances throughout the game and deserved to win

Andre Villas-Boas

He added: "We face United perhaps in their most tremendous moment of motivation and flair and style.
"A team that has made its impact at the beginning of the Premier League is different from last year, but I think it provokes in us a good challenge.
"Motivation will be the key factor in the game, and the capacity of people to transcend themselves and take the game through and come back from Old Trafford with a win."
Chelsea ambled through much of their match against the German side, with England Under-21 forward Daniel Sturridge the main livewire before Brazil defender Luiz scored on 67 minutes and Mata secured a more flattering final scoreline with a stoppage-time second.

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Torres investigation over - Villas-Boas

The result pleased Villas-Boas, who said: "We had numerous chances throughout the game and deserved to win.
"An international week has gone by, then we had Sunderland after two days and then, after another two days, a Champions League win against a very tough team. But I am pleased, particularly with good passing and fluency in the game."
The Portuguese also said he had resolved the situation with Spanish striker Fernando Torres after he reportedly said that some of this team-mates were slow.
But despite setting up both of Chelsea's goals, Villas-Boas would not confirm whether the Torres had done enough to earn a start against United at the weekend.

Chelsea's next five Premier League fixtures

18 Sep: Manchester United (A)
24 Sep: Swansea (H)
2 Oct: Bolton (A)
15 Oct: Everton (H)
23 Oct: QPR (A)

"I have to make a decision," he said. "We have another couple of days to train, and he will compete with the other four for that position. We have to take the best decision possible."
Didier Drogba was also left out of the team against the Bundesliga side as he continues to recover from the concussion that he suffered against Norwich.
Villas-Boas said he was unsure as to whether the striker will be fit in time for the trip to Old Trafford.

The turning of Asamoah Gyan!

2011-09-14T05:06:00.000-07:00

Asamoah Gyan

Asamoah Gyan has expressed his delight at joining 'an important club' in Al-Ain after his mega-money move.

Gyan completed a shock loan switch from Sunderland to the United Arab Emirates over the weekend and was unveiled at the Khalifa Bin Zayed Stadium on Monday morning.

Sunderland will receive £6 million for the deal, while Gyan has reportedly agreed tax-free wages of £200,000 a week.

The Ghana international was thought to be unsettled on Wearside for several months but his decision to swap one of Europe's biggest leagues for the Persian Gulf emirate surprised many.

Gyan said: 'I'm really happy to be here. Al-Ain is an important club and this is a big challenge for me. There will be a lot of expectations on me, but not pressure.

'Everybody who has seen me in the World Cup and at Sunderland knows what I am capable of, but this is a new challenge for me as I'm a new player here.

'We have quality players in the club to win games and do well in the championships. We will try to build a winning team. '

When pushed on whether he intended to remain with Al-Ain when his season-long loan deal expires, he added: 'I don't promise. I'm somebody who doesn't promise.

Cynics have suggested Gyan has quit the Barclays Premier League for the riches on offer in the Middle East with reports in England claiming the 25-year-old will quadruple his wages at his new club.

But the former Rennes striker insists he has gone for 'the challenge'.

He said: 'It's a challenge to me. I made a decision with my family. Talking about the Asian league it is improving very well'.

Chairman Niall Quinn outlined the five reasons which prompted Sunderland to accept a loan offer from Al-Ain for Gyan.

In a statement on the club's official website, he said: 'From the moment Asamoah returned for pre-season training we could tell that there were people trying to move him on.

'We hoped it would pass by, rebuking approaches from the Premier League, France and Turkey and felt the player would settle back down and continue to help our cause.

'Throughout this time we were also receiving real interest from Al-Ain, but it looked as if that too had lost momentum by last Wednesday.

'Steve spoke to Asamoah on Thursday morning, asking him to knuckle down and we were all set to move on. Later that day however Al-Ain began a prolonged effort to get the deal back on track and this turned the player's attentions once more to a possible move.

'Come Friday, the chairman of Al-Ain and his advisors had flown into Newcastle and arrived at our training ground to discuss a potential deal for Asa.

'They were very professional but determined to sign the player and at this point we took a number of things into consideration: the player's obviously negative demeanour in and around the training ground; the fact that the transfer window in the UAE had over 50 days remaining, meaning this was unlikely to go away; the clear desire of the player to leave; the forthcoming African Nations Cup, which would have meant losing Asamoah for up to six weeks in the new year; the obvious economic benefits to our club in the terms of the final deal laid out to us.

'In the early hours of Saturday morning chief executive Margaret Byrne and myself agreed a loan deal to allow Asamoah his wish to move but that would also, and more importantly, protect the club should things not work out for the player.

'Steve Bruce, our owner and the board all found the football decision that Asamoah wished to make baffling but I, as chairman, with everyone's full support, decided that this deal was in the best interests of our football club.

'There was a lot of things that needed to happen before the deal was fully secured, such as a medical, which has in fact only just been completed today. '

Quinn also revealed relations between Bruce and Gyan were again cordial, with the player making a contribution to the club's foundation.

The former Republic of Ireland international said: 'Steve's frustrations towards the player, expressed minutes after the Chelsea game, were understandable at such a time but I can reveal that since then Asamoah and Steve have made contact and they are on good terms.

'The olive branch is now there for Asamoah, but he will need to convince Steve, the board and every Sunderland fan of his commitment to this club if he is to return. I am delighted however that he has agreed to make a sizeable donation to SAFC Foundation for each month that he is away on loan.

'It also goes without saying that this puts Steve and his recruitment options in a far stronger position for the January window. '

World of great soccer days

2011-09-14T05:01:00.000-07:00

Thiago Silva

AC Milan shocked Champions League holders Barcelona by taking a point home from Camp Nou on Tuesday night after securing a surprise 2-2 draw in the sides’ opening game in Group H.

Pedro and David Villa were the host's heroes as they netted a goal either side of the half-time break to cancel out Alexandre Pato's first-minute opener.

But, in the third minute of stoppage time, Thiago Silva popped up inside the box to meet Clarence Seedorf's corner with a powerful header which flew into the net to snatch a share of the spoils.
The match began in absolutely extraordinary fashion when, against all expectations, AC Milan surged into a 1-0 lead with just 24 seconds on the clock.

Pato picked the ball up virtually from kick-off, knocked it through the centre of the Barcelona defence and accelerated directly towards goal, leaving Sergio Busquets trailing in his wake before slotting a cool finish under the advancing Victor Valdes.

The early goal was exactly what the doctor ordered in terms of Massimiliano Allegri’s tactical plan, as it allowed his team to sit deep, defend in numbers and attempt to utilise Pato’s pace on the counter attack.

For a 20-minute spell following the goal, the visitors defended doggedly while testing the Barcelona rearguard, particularly the nervy Busquets, with a handful of lightning counterattacks.

Meanwhile, back at the other end, their luck was also holding out as Lionel Messi forced at least four decent saves from Christian Abbiati before striking the outside of post with a free-kick from 25 yards.

However, as the half wore on, the game was almost exclusively played in the Milan half of the field, and, despite their organised and disciplined defending, one moment of magic from Messi in the 35th minute proved their undoing.

The Argentine flicked the ball between Alessandro Nesta and Ignazio Abate and darted through the gap between the full-back and his central defender. He then proceeded to shrug off Abate’s weak challenge and prodded the ball across the face of goal to gift Pedro the easiest of tap-ins.

Milan’s stubborn resistance was breached for a second time five minutes after the restart, and this time there was little anyone in the Rossoneri ranks could do to prevent it as Villa curled a sublime free-kick into Abbiati’s top right-hand corner.

The rest of the second period played out in a predictable fashion, with Barcelona in complete control of possession, but lacking penetration in the final third as Milan defended doggedly until the last.

That was, however, until, against all odds, Thiago Silva powered home a bullet header in the third minute of stoppage time to steal a point.

Matchday two sees the Catalan club travel to Belarus to meet BATE Borisov, while Milan host Viktoria Plzen at San Siro, with the fixtures to be played on 28 September.

2011-09-14T04:56:00.000-07:00

Ajara Mohammed - picked Gold in 1,500 metres

Ghana on Monday won her first gold medal in the ongoing All Africa Games courtesy Ajara Mohammed.

Ajara Mohammed, a member of the disabled team won the 1500m race. Her compatriot Anita Fordjour also won bronze after finishing third.

Speaking with Gideon Okyere Anim, Asempa Fm’s correspondent at the games, Ajara Mohammed said she was very happy for winning Ghana’s first gold medal at the games and hopes her feat spurs her compatriots on to win more medals for Ghana.

Ghana has another opportunity of adding to her gold haul as Vida Anim runs in the 100m final later today.

STATEMENT OF RESEARCH PROBLEM: THE POLITICIZATION OF SHS EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN GHANA AND ITS EFFECTS.

2011-09-14T04:48:00.001-07:00

Course Code: POLI305

Statement of Research Problem
The Politicization of S.H.S Educational System and Its Effects.

Introduction
No one can deny the significant contribution of education in the development of the individuals, societies and nations. Even if we do not experience this fact in our own lives and societies we do see them happening in other people’s lives and in some societies around the globe. We have seen that the love and practice of education have led to the development of the Western developed countries and most emerging ones, especially in Asia and to some extent Southern America. What then can be the cause for a government formed by high level educationalists and intellectuals like that of (NPP) government make policies that when it comes to their implementation we treat them like a national disaster? Again, what will cause a government leading by professor and a lecturer like professor Mills fail to fix a problem in education but rather making policies that could be more dangerous in the future? There is undisputable fact that the two giant political parties in the country, NDC and NPP are highly politicizing the SHS educational system instead of finding practical solution to its problems.
The research problem
Every indication of the implementation of the four years SHS program shows that the New Patriotic Party’s (NPP) administration made the policy without putting adequate measures in place for its implementation, it has been said many occasions on the radio and in the news papers that there is no classrooms for the fourth year students, no dormitories to accommodate them and no teachers to teach the additional classes. But the big question is, is there no better way for the NDC administration to deal with the menace than to reverse the whole system again which has its own problems waiting in the next few years ahead? This is the burden of this research. And it is the hope of the research to find answers to the following questions which will enlighten our understanding in the politicization of the S.H.S educational system and its effects on national development.
i) Did NPP change the 3year SSS to 4year SHS because it was Rawlings initiative?
ii) Is NDC also changing the system because it was stated in their party manifesto?
iii) Can the tertiary institutions absorb all the two batches that will complete the SHS in the year 2013?
iv) Does academic performance depend on 3 or 4 years in school?
Answers to the above questions will throw light on the level of political-play in the SHS educational saga in the country and how it can affect us as a country.

the view of Ghanaians anout their government (2009-2012)

2011-01-18T09:03:00.003-08:00

the view of Ghanaians anout their government (2009-2012)

2011-01-18T08:59:00.000-08:00

Africa’s Billionaires Rankings of 2010

2011-01-18T07:42:00.001-08:00

Africa’s Billionaires of 2010

March 12, 2010 by AVReporter

It must be nice to be Ethiopian Self Made Billionaire, Mohammed Al Amoudi, Africa’s Richest man. His wealth grew by a billion despite the economic downturn. It is that time of year again and Forbes has put together a list of the World’s richest. On it are 11 Africans 4 from one family in Egypt, 4 from South Africa, 1 from Sudan, 1 from Nigeria and 1 from Ethiopia.
There was 1 new addition to the list this year, Samih Sawiris, son of Egyptian billionaire, Onsi Sawiris whose other 2 sons are on the list as well. Nigeria did loose a billionaire this year, Femi Otedola who had a bitter disagreement with fellow billionaire Aliko Dangote last year. Despite some major challenges, Dangote still made it on the list as the 9th richest man in Africa.

Photo By Hans Berggren

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 1)

Name: Mohammed Al Amoudi
Net Worth: 10 Billion
Origin: Ethiopia
Age: 65
Fortune: Self Made
Source: Oil
Education: N/A
Forbes World Ranking #64

AP Photo

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 2)

Name: Nassef Sawiris
Net Worth: 5.9 Billion
Origin: Egypt
Age: 48
Fortune: Inherited and Growing
Source: Construction
Education: Bachelor of Science

Forbes World Ranking #127

AP Photo

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 3)

Name: Nicky Oppenheimer & Family
Net Worth: 5 Billion
Origin: South Africa
Age: 65
Fortune: Inherited
Source: Metals and Mining
Education: Bachelor of Arts / Science and Master of Arts

Forbes World Ranking #154

Photo from Forbes.com

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 4)

Name: Patrick Shoo-Shiong
Net Worth: 5 Billion
Origin: South Africa
Age: 58
Fortune: Self Made
Source: Generic Drugs
Education: Bachelor of Arts / Science; Medical Doctor

Forbes World Ranking #154

GIUSEPPE CACACE/AFP/Getty Images

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 5)

Name: Onsi Sawiris
Net Worth: 3.1 Billion
Origin: Egypt
Age: 80
Fortune: Self Made
Source: Construction
Education: N/A

Forbes World Ranking #307

AP Photo

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 6)

Name: Naguib Sawiris
Net Worth: 2.5 Billion
Origin: Egypt
Age: 55
Fortune: Inherited
Source: Telecom
Education: Bachelor of Arts / Science; Master of Science

Forbes World Ranking #374

Photo by 2010 FIFA World Cup Organising Committee South Africa/Getty Images

Africa’s Billionaires (No. 7)

Name: Johann Rupert & Family
Net Worth: 2.3 Billion
Origin: South Africa
Age: 59
Fortune: Inherited
Source: Luxury Goods
Education: Bachelor of Arts / Science

Think to change Africa.

2011-01-16T23:27:00.000-08:00

Think to change Africa. jubileee

this is Accra,Ghana

Mahatma Gandhi Health and Peace Walk In Harlem

2011-01-15T06:16:00.000-08:00

Mahatma Gandhi Health and Peace Walk In Harlem

Posted on September 28, 2010 by Harlem World| 1 Comment

Hundreds of people from New York and some from overseas are expected to gather in the Macus Garvey Park, Harlem, Manhattan for a public health initiative — the Mahatma Gandhi Health and Peace Walk on Oct. 2.The group uses Mahatma Gandhi’s words and example of walking regularly to maintain one’s health and confront the obesity epidemic worldwide, as well as diabetes and heart problems.
According to a press release, the walk is an initiative of the Arise India Foundation, and is supported by the Permanent Mission of India to the United Nations, the Pan American Health Organization (PAHO) which is the regional arm of the World Health Organization (WHO), the Permanent Secretariat of the World Secretariat of Nobel Peace Laureates, the American Heart Association (AHA), World Diabetes Day (WDD), Adarsh Alphons Projects, Adharshila, Artimus, American Association of Physicians of Indian Origin (AAPI), Citibank, 5th on the Park, Gatorade, Harmonym, Incredible India, Kids Parliament, MDCS, Mount Morris Park Community Improvement Association (MMPCIA), Quaker, Sanskriti Center NY, Sulabh International Social Service Organization, South-South News, Tropicana, User Corporation, and World Of Hope International. The Walk is also a World Diabetes Day Event.
Participation is free but online registration is required. Register at:
http://ariseindiafoundation.org

MAHATMA GANDHI

2011-01-15T05:04:00.001-08:00

“I claim to be no more than an average man with less than average abilities. I have not the shadow of a doubt that any man or woman can achieve what I have, if he or she would make the same effort and cultivate the same hope and faith.”

- GANDHI

Mahatma Gandhi
Spiritual/Political Leader and Humanitarian, 1869 - 1948

(Mohandas Karamchand) Gandhi was born on October 2, 1869 in Porbandar, India. He became one of the most respected spiritual and political leaders of the Twentieth Cnetury. Gandhi helped free the Indian people from British rule through nonviolent resistance, and is honored by his people as the father of the Indian Nation. The Indian people called Gandhi Mahatma, meaning Great Soul.

At age 13, Gandhi joined Kasturba, age 12, in a marriage arranged by their parents. The Gandhis had four sons: Harilal and Manilal, born in India, and Ramdas and Devdas born in South Africa. While Gandhi displayed loving kindness to everyone else, he was quite demanding and severe with his wife and sons. Use the links below to learn more about Gandhi's relationship with his family.

Gandhi studied law in London and returned to India in 1891 to practice. In 1893 he accepted a one year contract to do legal work in South Africa. At the time South Africa was controlled by the British. When he attempted to claim his rights as a British subject he was abused, and soon saw that all Indians suffered similar treatment. Gandhi stayed in South Africa for 21 years working to secure rights for Indian people. He developed a method of direct social action based upon the principles courage, nonviolence and truth called Satyagraha. He believed that the way people behave is more important than what they achieve. Satyagraha promoted nonviolence and civil disobedience as the most appropriate methods for obtaining political and social goals.

In 1915 Gandhi returned to India. Within 15 years he became the leader of the Indian nationalist movement. Using the tenets of Satyagraha he lead the campaign for Indian independence from Britain. Gandhi was arrested many times by the British for his activities in South Africa and India. He believed it was honorable to go to jail for a just cause. Altogether he spent seven years in prison for his political activities. More than once Gandhi used fasting to impress upon others the need to be nonviolent.

India was granted independence in 1947, and partitioned into India and Pakistan. Rioting between Hindus and Muslims followed. Gandhi had been an advocate for a united India where Hindus and Muslims lived together in peace. On January 13, 1948, at the age of 78, he began a fast with the purpose of stopping the bloodshed. After 5 days the opposing leaders pledged to stop the fighting and Gandhi broke his fast. Twelve days later he was assassinated by a Hindu fanatic who opposed his program of tolerance for all creeds and religion.

Among the tributes to Gandhi upon his death were these words by the great physicist, Albert Einstein:

“Generations to come will scarce believe that such a one as this walked the earth in flesh and blood.”

If you are aware of books, movies, databases, web sites or other information sources about Mahatma Gandhi or related subjects, or if you would like to comment, please contact us.

Resource Menu

Books By/About Gandhi

An Autobiography or the Story of My Experiments With Truth
by M.K. Gandhi

Gain greater insight into the life of one of the greatest men of the century. Great reading. Very moving.

Purchase this paperback edition of An Autobiography

Gandhi on Non-Violence
by M.K. Gandhi

The text covers the principles of non-violence, the spiritual dimensions of non-violence, the political scope of non-violence, and the purity of non-violence.

Purchase this paperback edition of Gandhi on Non-Violence

The Essential Gandhi: His Life, Work, and Ideas : An Anthology
by M.K. Gandhi, Louis Fischer (Editor)

Gandhi regarded secrecy as the enemy of freedom. In nearly a half-century of prolific writing, speaking, and subjecting his ideas to the test of actions, and painted a detailed self-portrait of his mind, heart, and soul. Find it here.

Purchase this paperback edition of The Essential Gandhi

The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi
by M.K. Gandhi, John Strohmeier (Editor)

Gandhi's Gita text and commentary together in their entirety. Presented to his disciples at prayer meetings over a nine-month period in 1926.

Purchase this paperback edition of The Bhagavad Gita According to Gandhi

DVDs About Gandhi

Gandhi (1982)
Winner of 9 Academy Awards including Best Picture, Best Director, and Best Actor. Directed by Richard Attenborough and starring Ben Kingsley as the great man. An excellent film!

Purchase this DVD edition of Gandhi

Gandhi: Pilgram of Peace
by M.K. Gandhi, John Strohmeier (Editor)

Gandhi's Gita text and commentary together in their entirety. Presented to his disciples at prayer meetings over a nine-month period in 1926.

Purchase this DVD edition of Gandhi: Pilgram of Peace

Related Websites

GandhiServe

This website offers photos, footage, audio, books, information, writings online, video online, research service, consultancy and rare materials on Gandhi.

The Complete Gandhi Website

Mahatma.com

Mohandas Gandhi

On the BBC History Website

Mahatma Gandhi

On the History & Politics Website

MAHATMA GANDHI QUOTES

2011-01-15T04:56:00.000-08:00

Read books online
at our other site:
The Literature Page

Quotations by Author

Mahatma Gandhi (1869 - 1948)
Indian political and spiritual leader [more author details]

Showing quotations 1 to 28 of 28 total

- We have 2 book reviews related to Mahatma Gandhi.

Always aim at complete harmony of thought and word and deed. Always aim at purifying your thoughts and everything will be well.: Mahatma Gandhi
As long as you derive inner help and comfort from anything, keep it.: Mahatma Gandhi
Freedom is not worth having if it does not include the freedom to make mistakes.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Mistakes]
Happiness is when what you think, what you say, and what you do are in harmony.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Happiness]
Hate the sin, love the sinner.: Mahatma Gandhi
Honest differences are often a healthy sign of progress.: Mahatma Gandhi
Honest disagreement is often a good sign of progress.: Mahatma Gandhi
I believe in equality for everyone, except reporters and photographers.: Mahatma Gandhi
I cannot teach you violence, as I do not myself believe in it. I can only teach you not to bow your heads before any one even at the cost of your life.: Mahatma Gandhi
I object to violence because when it appears to do good, the good is only temporary; the evil it does is permanent.: Mahatma Gandhi
I want freedom for the full expression of my personality.: Mahatma Gandhi
In the attitude of silence the soul finds the path in a clearer light, and what is elusive and deceptive resolves itself into crystal clearness. Our life is a long and arduous quest after Truth.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Silence]
Indolence is a delightful but distressing state; we must be doing something to be happy.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Laziness]
It is better to be violent, if there is violence in our hearts, than to put on the cloak of nonviolence to cover impotence.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Violence]
It is unwise to be too sure of one's own wisdom. It is healthy to be reminded that the strongest might weaken and the wisest might err.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Wisdom]
One needs to be slow to form convictions, but once formed they must be defended against the heaviest odds.: Mahatma Gandhi
Strength does not come from physical capacity. It comes from an indomitable will.: Mahatma Gandhi
The weak can never forgive. Forgiveness is the attribute of the strong.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Forgiveness]
Whatever you do will be insignificant, but it is very important that you do it.: Mahatma Gandhi
When I despair, I remember that all through history the ways of truth and love have always won. There have been tyrants, and murderers, and for a time they can seem invincible, but in the end they always fall. Think of it--always.: Mahatma Gandhi
You must be the change you want to see in the world.: Mahatma Gandhi
You must not lose faith in humanity. Humanity is an ocean; if a few drops of the ocean are dirty, the ocean does not become dirty.: Mahatma Gandhi
- More quotations on: [Mankind]
What difference does it make to the dead, the orphans and the homeless, whether the mad destruction is wrought under the name of totalitarianism or the holy name of liberty or democracy?: Mahatma Gandhi, "Non-Violence in Peace and War"
- More quotations on: [War]
Victory attained by violence is tantamount to a defeat, for it is momentary.: Mahatma Gandhi, 'Satyagraha Leaflet No. 13,' May 3, 1919
- More quotations on: [Violence] [Defeat] [Victory]
An eye for an eye makes the whole world blind.: Mahatma Gandhi, (attributed)
- More quotations on: [Revenge]
Freedom is not worth having if it does not connote freedom to err. It passes my comprehension how human beings, be they ever so experienced and able, can delight in depriving other human beings of that precious right.: Mahatma Gandhi, 1931
I think it would be a good idea.: Mahatma Gandhi, when asked what he thought of Western civilization

- 41 Quotations in other collections - We have 2 book reviews related to Mahatma Gandhi. - Search for Mahatma Gandhi at Amazon.com

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ADOLF HITLER

2011-01-15T04:50:00.003-08:00

Early Days - 1889-1908

Adolf Hitler was born on April 20th 1889 in Braunau-am-Inn, Austria. The town is near to the Austro-German border, and his father, Alois, worked as a customs officer on the border crossing. His mother, Klara, had previously given birth to two other children by Alois, (Gustav and Ida) but they both died in their infancy. Adolf attended school from the age of six and the family lived in various villages around the town of Linz, east of Braunau. By this time Adolf had a younger brother, Edmund, but he only lived until the age of six. In 1896, Klara gave birth to Adolf 's sister, Paula, who survived to outlive him.

Adolf Hitler grew up with a poor record at school and left, before completing his tuition, with an ambition to become an artist. Alois Hitler had died when Adolf was thirteen and Klara brought up Adolf and Paula on her own. Between the ages of sixteen and nineteen, young Adolf neither worked to earn his keep, nor formally studied, but had gained an interest in politics and history. During this time he unsuccessfully applied for admission to the Vienna Academy of Fine Arts.

The Vagabond - 1909-1913

Klara Hitler died from cancer when Adolf was nineteen and from then onwards he had no relatives willing or able to support him. So, in 1909, he moved to Vienna in the hope of somehow earning a living. Within a year he was living in homeless shelters and eating at charity soup-kitchens. He had declined to take regular employment and took occasional menial jobs and sold some of his paintings or advertising posters whenever he could to provide sustenance.

Munich and The Great War - 1913-1918

In 1913 Adolf Hitler, still a penniless vagrant, moved to Munich in southern Germany. At the outbreak of the First World War, in 1914, he volunteered for service in the German army and was accepted into the 16th Bavarian Reserve Infantry Regiment . Hitler fought bravely in the war and was promoted to corporal and decorated with both the Iron Cross Second Class and First Class, the latter of which he wore until his dying day [ironically the regimental captain who recommended him for the award was Jewish]. The day of the announcement of the armistice in 1918, Hitler was in hospital recovering from temporary blindness caused by a British gas attack in the Ypres Salient. In December 1918 he returned to his regiment back in Munich.

Early Politics - 1918-1919

Between December 1918 and March 1919 Hitler worked at a prisoner-of-war camp at Traunstein before returning again to Munich. Shortly after his return he witnessed a takeover bid by local Communists who seized power before being ousted by the army. After he gave evidence at an investigation into the takeover he was asked to become part of a local army organization which was responsible for persuading returning soldiers not to turn to communism or pacifism. During his training for this tasks and during his subsequent duties he was able to hone his oratory skills. As part of his duties he was also asked to spy on certain local political groups, and during a meeting of the German Workers' Party he became so incensed by one of the speeches that he delivered a fierce harangue to the speaker. The founder of the party, Anion Drexler, was so impressed by Hitler's tirade that he asked him to join their organization. Hitler, after some thought, finally agreed to join the committee and became their seventh official in September 1919.

The First Hofbrauhaus Speech - 1919-1920

Given responsibility for publicity and propaganda, Hitler first succeeded in attracting over a hundred people to a meeting in held October at which he delivered his first speech to a large audience. The meeting and his oratory were a great success, and subsequently in February 1920 he organized a much larger event for a crowd of nearly two thousand in the Munich Hofbrauhaus. Hitler himself was not the main speaker, but when his turn came he succeeded in calming a rowdy audience and presented a twenty-five point programme of ideas which were to be the basis of the party. The name of the party was itself changed to the National Socialist German Workers Party (or Nazi for short) on April 1st 1920.

Not long after the February speech he was discharged from the army. Hitler continued to expand his influence in the party and began to form a private group of thugs which he used to quash disorder at party meetings and later to break up rival party's meetings. This group subsequently became the Sturmabteilung or S.A. - Hitler's brown shirted storm troopers. He also became the regular main speaker at party events from then onwards, attracting large crowds for each meeting. During the summer of 1920 Hitler chose the swastika as the Nazi party emblem.

Leader of the Nazi Party - 1921

By 1921 Adolf Hitler had virtually secured total control of the Nazi party, however this was not to the liking of all Nazis. In July of that year, whilst Hitler was away in Berlin, the discontent members of the party proposed a merger with a like-minded political party in Nuremburg in the hope that this would dilute Hitler's influence. On hearing the news of the proposed merger, Hitler rushed back to Munich to confront the party and threatened to resign. The other members were aware that Hitler was bringing in the lion's share of funds into the organization, from the collections following his speeches at meetings and from other sympathetic sources. Thus they knew they couldn't afford his resignation. Hitler then proceeded to turn the tables on the committee members and forced them to accept him as formal leader of the party with dictatorial powers.

The Beer Hall Putsch - 1923

Up to November 1923 Hitler continued to build up the strength of the Nazi Party. During this time he also plotted to overthrow the German Weimar Republic by force. On November 8th 1923 Hitler led an attempt to take over the local Bavarian Government in Munich in an action that became known as the "Beer Hall Putsch." Despite initially kidnapping the Bavarian officials in the Buergerbraukeller beer hall in Munich and proclaiming a new regime using their names, the coup was not successful. The officials were allowed to escape and re-gain control of the police and the armed forces. The coup was ended on the morning of November 9th, when a column of three thousand SA men headed by Hitler and General Ludendorff (one of the most senior generals of the First World War) were halted on their way to the centre of Munich by armed police. After a brief gunfight, only General Ludendorff and his aide had made it through to the central Plaza, where they were arrested. Hitler had fled the scene and was later arrested and charged with treason. After his trial for treason he was sentenced to five years in Landsberg prison, however he had successfully used the trial itself to gain publicity for himself and his ideas. During his term in prison Hitler began dictating his thoughts and philosophies to Rudolf Hess which became the book "Mein Kampf" (My Struggle).

Re-Building the Nazi Party - 1924-1932

Hitler was released from Landsberg prison in December 1924 after serving only six months of his sentence. At that time, the Nazi Party and its associated newspapers were banned by the government and Hitler himself was forbidden from making public speeches. The support for National Socialism was waning throughout Germany, their voting figures in elections fell from almost two million in 1924 to 810,000 by 1928 (this gave them only 12 out of a total of 491 representatives in Parliament). However at the same time, Hitler succeeded in increasing the party membership and developed the organization of the party throughout Germany with the help of Gregor Strasser who was responsible for the organization of the Nazi Party in northern Germany. During this period Hitler also created the infamous SS (Schutzstaffel) which was initially intended to be Hitler's bodyguard under the leadership of Heinrich Himmler.

The collapse of the Wall St. stock exchange in 1929 led to a world wide recession which hit Germany especially hard. All loans to Germany from foreign countries dried up, German industrial production slumped and millions were made unemployed. These conditions were beneficial to Hitler and his Nazi campaigning. By July of the following year Chancellor Bruening, without a parliamentary majority in the Reichstag, was unable to pass a new finance bill and was forced to ask President Hindenburg to dissolve the Reichstag and call for new elections for the coming September. Hitler campaigned hard for the Nazi candidates, promising the public a way out of their current hardship. When the results of the election were announced, the Nazi Party had won 6.4 million votes which made them the second largest party in the Reichstag. At this time Hitler also began to win over the support of both the army and the big industrialists, the latter contributing substantially to the finances of the Nazi Party.

Hitler Versus Hindenburg - 1932

In February 1932 Hitler decided to stand against Hindenburg in the forthcoming Presidential election. In order to do this he became a German citizen on 25th February 1932. The result of the election on 13th March 1932 gave Hindenburg 49.6 percent of the vote and Hitler 30.1 percent (two other candidates stood). As Hindenburg failed to win a majority a second election was called. The result of the second election gave Hindenburg 53 percent and Hitler 36.8 percent (one other candidate stood). Thus Hindenburg was re-elected to office and Hitler was forced to wait for another opportunity to win power.

Chancellor Bruening lasted in office until June 1932, unable to maintain popular support his government resigned due to pressure from the President, who had been advised by an influential General called Schleicher. General Schleicher had plotted the overthrow of the cabinet in conspiracy with the Nazis. Power then passed to a Presidential cabinet headed by a new Chancellor, Franz von Papen. New Reichstag elections were also set for the end of July.

Nazis Become the Largest Party - 1932

In the July elections, the Nazi Party won 13,745,000 votes which gave them 230 out of the 608 seats in the Reichstag. Although the Nazis were the largest party, they were still short of a majority. Hitler, however, demanded that he be made Chancellor but was offered only the position of Vice-Chancellor in a coalition government, which he refused.

Hitler Becomes Chancellor - 1932-1933

In September 1932, the Nazi members of the Reichstag, together with support form the Center Party elected the prominent Nazi Herman Goering as President of the Reichstag (equivalent to House Speaker). Using his new position, Goering managed to prevent the Chancellor from presenting an order to dissolve the Reichstag, whilst a vote of no confidence in the Chancellor and his government was passed. Thus having forced the resignation of the new government, the Reichstag allowed its own dissolution. Although losing 34 of their seats in the following election, the Nazis retained enough influence to assure that Papen would be unable to form a new Government and the Chancellor resigned on 17th of November 1932. After Papen's resignation, Hindenburg still refused to appoint Hitler as chancellor fearing that a Hitler Government would become a dictatorship. The President then tried to re-install Papen as Chancellor, but Papen was unable to gain the support of his own cabinet, including Schleicher who was Minister of Defence. President Hindenburg then appointed Schleicher as Chancellor, the latter having assured the President that he could get the support of the Nazis in the Reichstag. However, Hitler and his Nazi party had other ideas, and Schleicher found that he was unable to win the support of any of the parties in the Reichstag and was forced to resign as Chancellor on January 28th 1933. Finally on January 30th, 1933 President Hindenburg decided to appoint Hitler Chancellor in a coalition government with Papen as Vice-Chancellor.

The Burning of the Reichstag - February 1933

The penultimate step towards Adolf Hitler gaining complete control over the destiny of Germany were taken on the night of 27th February 1933 when the Reichstag was destroyed by fire. The fire was almost certainly planned by the Nazis, Goebbels and Goering in particular. A Dutch communist, Marinus van der Lubbe, was made scapegoat for the fire, but the main outcome was that Hitler was given an excuse to have all the Communist deputies of the Reichstag arrested, and managed to obtain a decree from President Hindenburg giving the Nazi goverment powers to inter anyone they thought was a threat to the nation. Furthermore the Presidential decree allowed the Nazi government to suppress the free speech of its political opponents. Despite all these advantages, in the elections of March 5th 1933, the Nazis only managed to acheive 44 percent of the votes. Even with the suppression of the Communist deputies, Hitler was still short of an overall majority and nowhere near the two-thirds majority needed for any change in the German constitution.

The Enabling Act - March 1933

The Enabling Act, placed before the Reichstag on 23rd of March 1933 was to allow the powers of legislation to be taken away from the Reichstag and transferred to Hitler's cabinet for a period of four years. The act required a two-thirds majority, but passed easily with the support of the Center and Nationalist parties and the suppression of all Communist deputies and several Social Democrats. Thus dictatorial powers were finally conferred, legally, on Adolf Hitler. By July 14th Hitler had proclaimed a law stating that the Nazi Party was to be the only political party allowed in Germany. The Nazification of Germany was underway. All non-Nazi organizations were disbanded, including political parties and trade unions. The individual German states were stripped of any autonomous powers they might have had and Nazi officials were installed as state governors.

The Night of the Long Knives - 1934

After the initial rise to power of the Nazis, many of them, including the head of the SA Ernst Roehm, wanted to see a further change in the power structure of Germany by taking over control of big businesses and installing the SA as the main army of Germany with the existing army subordinate to it. Hitler however thought differently and wanted to keep the German economy in good shape, reduce unemployment and enable him to quickly re-arm the Wehrmacht. To Hitler, the SA was purely a political force not a military one. Also the ageing President Hindenburg would not survive much longer and Hitler needed the support of the Army if he was to be named as Hindenburg's successor. In May of 1934 Hitler proposed to the chiefs of the Army and the Navy that he would suppress the SA and at the same time expand the Army and Navy if they would support him as the successor to Hindenburg. The chiefs of the forces readily agreed to Hitler's endorsement. In June Hitler ordered the SA to go on leave for the entire month. However, by that time the rowdiness and lawlessness perpetrated by Nazi thugs had grown to a point where President Hindenburg and his senior generals were considering declaring a state of marshal law and Hitler was threatened with this recourse if he didn't do something to curb these excesses. These threats, coupled with rumours generated by Himmler and Goering concerning Roehm's loyalty to the Fuehrer and an impending coup against Hitler, finally prompted Hitler to order Himmler and Goering to take action against the leaders of the SA. On June 30th 1934 Himmler's SS and Goering's special police arrested and executed the leaders of the SA, including Ernst Roehm, and many others not connected with the SA, but against whom the Nazi leaders had a score to settle. These others included General von Schleicher, the former Chancellor.

The Death of Hindenburg August 1934

President Hindenburg died on August 2nd 1934. Hitler had already agreed with the Cabinet that upon Hindenburg's death the offices of President and Chancellor would be combined. The last wishes of Hindenburg were that upon his death the monarchy should be restored. Hitler managed to suppress these wishes and did not publish the President's will. Having already ensured the support of the Army, Hitler went a step further by making the whole of the armed forces swear an oath of loyalty to him personally. A plebiscite was then held for the public to decide on whether they approved of the changes already made - 90% of voters gave their approval. Thus Hitler had become "Fuehrer and Reich Chancellor" and the title of President was then abolished.

"Nazification" - 1934-1937

During the years following Hitler's consolidation of power he set about the "Nazification" of Germany and its release from the armament restrictions of the Versailles Treaty. Censorship was extreme and covered all aspects of life including the press, films, radio, books and even art. Trade unions were suppressed and replaced with the centralised "Labour Front", which didn't actually function as a trade union. The churches were persecuted and ministers who preached non-Nazi doctrine were frequently arrested by the Gestapo and carted off to concentration camps. All youth associations were abolished and re-formed as a single entity as the Hitler Youth organisation. The Jewish population was increasingly persecuted and ostracised from society and under the Nuremburg Laws of September 1935 Jews were no longer considered to be German citizens and therefore no longer had any legal rights. Jews were no longer allowed to hold public office, not allowed to work in the civil-service, the media, farming, teaching, the stock exchange and eventually barred from practising law or medicine. Hostility towards Jews from other Germans was encouraged and even shops began to deny entry to Jews. From a very early stage, Hitler geared the German economy towards war. He appointed Dr. Hjalmar Schacht minister of economics with instructions to secretly increase armaments production. This was financed in various ways, including using confiscated funds, printing bank notes and mostly by producing government bonds and credit notes.
In September 1936, Goering took over most of Schacht's duties in preparing the war economy and instituted the Four-Year Plan, which was intended to make Germany self-sufficient in four years. This put Germany on a total war economy and entailed strict control of imports, materials prices and wages as well as the creation of factories and industrial plants to produce essential war materials (e.g. synthetic rubber, fuels and steel). Workers were low paid and their freedom to move between jobs was increasingly restricted. Even the workers' recreation time was strictly controlled through the "Strength Through Joy" organisation. Hitler was the law when it came to the judicial system and had the ultimate say over legal actions of any kind. Any judge who was not favourable to the Nazi regime was dismissed, and a "Special Court" for political crimes and a "Peoples Court" for accusations of treason were introduced. Both of these courts were controlled by the Nazi Party and an unfortunate defendant was extremely unlikely to get a fair trial.

Breaking the Versailles Treaty - 1934-1937

Hitler ordered the army to be trebled in size, from the 100,000 man Versailles Treaty limit, to 300,000 men by October of 1934. This was initially ordered to be carried out under the utmost secrecy. Admiral Raeder, the chief of the navy, was given orders to begin the construction of large warships, way above the maximum size decreed by the Versailles Treaty. The construction of submarines, also forbidden by the Treaty, had already begun secretly by building parts in foreign dockyards ready for assembly. In addition, Goering had also been tasked by Hitler with the training of air force pilots and the design of military aircraft. In March 1935 Hitler decided to take a gamble and test the resolve of Britain and France by authorising Goering to reveal to a British official the existence of the Luftwaffe (German Air Force). Even though this was a direct challenge to the Versailles Treaty, there was little reaction (its existence was already known anyway). Thus Hitler was given encouragement to take further steps. A few days later, Hitler took a further gamble and declared openly the introduction of military service and the creation of an army with 36 divisions (approx. 1/2 million men). Again, a weak reaction from Britain and France allowed Hitler the comfort of knowing that his gamble had paid off. At the same time that Hitler was increasing the strength of the armed forces, he was also following a policy of making speeches proclaiming a desire for peace and the folly of war. He also announced that he had no intention of annexing Austria or re-militarising the Rhineland and would respect all the territorial clauses of the Versailles Treaty. Hitler also announced that he was prepared to mutually disarm the heaviest of weapons and limit the strength of the German Navy. A quote from Hitler at that time: "Whoever lights the torch of war in Europe can wish for nothing but chaos."

The Re-militarisation of the Rhineland - 1936

On March 7th 1936 a small force of German troops marched across the Rhine bridges into the demilitarised areas of Germany towards Aachen, Trier and Saarbruecken. Once again neither the French nor British made any move to counter the flagrant breach of the Locarno Pact of 1925, which had been signed willingly by Germany and was supposed to keep these areas west of the Rhine free from German military units. The lack of French reaction was in spite of the fact that the small German force was vastly outnumbered by the French army near the border. Immediately following the re-militarisation of the Rhineland areas, Hitler once again preached in public his desire for peace throughout Europe and offered to negotiate new non-aggression pacts with several countries including France and Belgium. At the same time rapid construction of German defensive fortifications began along the French and Belgian frontiers. Meanwhile Hitler's popularity within Germany was boosted, his position as leader was strengthened and his control over the army generals was secured.

Weakening of Austrian Security and the Birth of the Axis - 1936

The security that Hitler had gained for Germany from the military stronghold in the Rhineland meant less security for those countries in Central Europe (e.g. Austria and Czechoslovakia) who were reliant on a swift response from France in the event of German aggression. This led the Austrian Government, headed by Dr. Schuschnigg, during the summer of 1936, to begin a course of appeasement of Hitler by, for example, giving Austrian Nazis influential positions within the government in return for a pledge from Hitler to confirm his recognition of Austrian sovereignty. The position of Austria was further undermined in October 1936 when the Italian dictator, Mussolini, who had previously pledged to maintain Austrian independence, formed an alliance with Hitler. This alliance, which became known as the Rome-Berlin Axis had been formed following the German and Italian support of fellow fascist, General Franco, in the Spanish Civil War. The Axis partnership included an agreement on a common foreign policy between the two countries.

[To be continued...]

About This Article:

	Author: Phil Stokes
	Bibliography:-
	The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich - W. L. Shirer The First World War, a Complete History - M. Gilbert Hitler and Stalin: Parallel Lives - Alan Bullock

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