Trailscapes ... Fine Art Photography by Tami Quigley

Spoonful Of Love ...

2026-09-20T01:23:44.127-04:00

“One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.”

~ William Shakespeare

~ 1564 ~ 1616

What a honey of a summer sight! Twin white-tailed deer fawns gently brush their noses together, their nuzzling a sign of sharing affection, on a beautiful August evening at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

Goodnight, Dolly ...

2026-09-08T01:17:37.349-04:00

Goodnight and Godspeed, Dolly.

We will always love you.

The Northampton Street Bridge – commonly called The Free Bridge – that spans the Delaware River linking Phillipsburg, New Jersey and Easton, Pennsylvania is illuminated in pink lights August 29 to honor the life and legacy of Dolly Parton. The beloved Queen of Country Music and philanthropist passed August 25, 2026 at age 80 after a brief battle with cancer.

I shot this from my vantage point by the banks of the Delaware in Phillipsburg, as sparkles of pink and gold reflect in the river at dusk.

“I Will Always Love You” is a song written and originally recorded by singer-songwriter Parton in 1973, and released in 1974. It was one of the many hits by the Grammy winner, a woman of strong Christian faith who also founded Imagination Library, a book gifting program that mails free books to children from birth until they begin school in participating areas.

Programmable LED lights illuminate the iconic bridge. The lights were installed as part of a bridge rehabilitation/improvement project that spanned from late 2021 until spring 2023. The bridge is colloquially referred as the “Free Bridge” to distinguish it from the Easton-Phillipsburg Toll Bridge (previously the Bushkill Street Bridge), a short distance upstream.

Eligible civic, cultural, and community organizations may apply to the Delaware River Joint Toll Bridge Commission to request temporary color schemes https://www.drjtbc.org/bridge-info/northampton-street-bridge-lighting.

The bridge that spans the two states was completed in 1896 and survived massive flooding from Hurricane Diane in 1955. It underwent a thorough restoration in 1990 and is one of my very favorite places to photograph.

Historic Phillipsburg was established March 8, 1861 and named for William Phillips, an early settler of the area. The historic town of Easton was founded in 1752 and is located at the confluence of the Delaware River and Lehigh River, known as the Forks-Of-The-Delaware. Both are Delaware River Towns.

The Free Bridge can also be seen from across the Delaware River at Delaware Canal State Park, Easton, near the Forks of the Delaware Trailhead of the Delaware and Lehigh National Heritage Corridor (D&L Trail).

Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

Baby Face ...

2026-07-29T00:54:11.116-04:00

“Baby face,

you’ve got the cutest little baby face …”

~ “Baby Face”

~ popular Tin Pan Alley jazz song

~music by Harry Akst, lyrics by Benny Davis

~ 1926

~ The first recording was by Jan Garber and his Orchestra, featuring lyricist Benny Davis singing the chorus only. The record was a number one hit in 1926.

~ The wonderful Bobby Darin, Bing Crosby, Mitch Miller & Little Richard are among the many artists who have recorded the song.

A precious white-tailed deer fawn – approximately one to three weeks old and a honey of a summer sight – has the cutest little baby face!

I spotted this sweetie nestled in the grass under July’s evening sun at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania, while its mama doe and other deer grazed nearby.

Great Horned Owl At Dusk ...

2026-07-20T00:17:25.540-04:00

“If we cannot sing of faith and triumph, we will sing our despair. We will be that kind of bird. There are day owls, and there are night owls, and each is beautiful and even musical while about its business.”

~ Henry David Thoreau

~ 1817 ~ 1862

What a hoot!

A Great Horned Owl, the first I’ve ever captured in a photo, is perched in a tree as a summer dusk wraps around Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania, on a July evening.

It is known for its prominent ear tufts (“horns”). These are not ears, but rather tufts of feathers on the head – plumicrons - used for communication and camouflage, helping them blend into tree bark. The ears are located on the sides of its head, directly behind their eyes, hidden under their feathers. Their large, forward-facing bright yellow eyes provide incredible night vision for hunting, as these raptors are nocturnal predators. They achieve near silent flight thanks to specialized feathers that disrupt and absorb aerodynamic noise.

“Hoot Owl” is a common nickname.

Come Along With Me ...

2026-07-15T00:54:38.223-04:00

“All the wild world is beautiful, and it matters but little where we go … everywhere and always we are in God’s eternal beauty and love. So universally true is this, the spot where we chance to be always seems the best.”

~ John Muir

~ 1838 ~ 1914

A precious white-tailed deer fawn – a honey of a sight in spring and summer – glances back at me as if to say, “Come along with me,” before crossing the path on a beautiful June evening on the brink of summer at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

America - 250 and Fabulous ...

2026-06-29T23:59:15.796-04:00

“I know that for America there will always be a bright dawn ahead.”

~ Ronald Reagan

~ 1911 ~ 2004

~ 40^th President of

the United States of America

~ 1981 ~ 1989

~ from Reagan’s November 5, 1994 published letter to the American people announcing his Alzheimer’s diagnosis

The inspiring words of Ronald Reagan, penned in his heartfelt letter to America announcing his diagnosis of Alzheimer’s disease, fuse beautifully with the spirit of America250, the Semiquincentennial of the United States July 4, 2026.

I spotted this wonderful pop of patriotism displayed outside a house on the West End of Allentown, Pennsylvania on a June evening about a month before the country’s milestone birthday.

God Bless America!

Busy Little Bluebird ...

2026-05-24T00:48:15.393-04:00

“The bluebird carries the sky on its back.”

~ Henry David Thoreau

~ 1817 ~ 1862

Busy, busy, busy! This sweet female Eastern Bluebird is perched atop a nesting box, carrying dried grass to build a nest on an April evening at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

I watched her take her nesting materials and pop them inside the hole of the nesting box, so cute!

Eastern Bluebirds are small thrushes known for being cavity nesters, often utilizing man-made nest boxes when natural woodpecker holes are unavailable.

These songbirds are known for their sweet and melodious vocalizations, and are traditionally considered harbingers of spring.

Long As I'm Singin' My Song ...

2026-05-03T23:54:00.000-04:00

“As long as I’m singin’

Then the world’s all right

And everything’s swingin’

Long as I’m singin’ my song

Ummmm…makin’ music

Is more to me than a pleasure

‘cause me and music

We go together like notes in a measure

Long as I’m singin’

Then the world’s all right

And everything’s swingin’

Long as I’m singin’ my…

Long as I’m singin’ my …

Long as I’m singin’ my song.”

~ “As Long As I’m Singing”

~ written & recorded by the wonderful

Bobby Darin

~ 1964

A beautiful red male North American Cardinal sings his song from a very high perch on an April evening along the Ironton Rail Trail, which loops more than nine miles through Whitehall Township, the Borough of Coplay and North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania.

The cardinal is one of the most recognizable and beloved songbirds in North America, known for its vibrant red plumage and distinctive crest. They are known for being territorial songbirds, with males often singing from high perches to mark their territory.

This cardinal is likely singing to attract a mate, which is one of its primary reasons for vocalizing.

The Ironton Railroad was a shortline railroad in Lehigh County. Originally built in 1861 to haul iron ore and limestone to blast furnaces along the Lehigh River, traffic later shifted to carrying Portland Cement when local iron mining declined in the early 20^th century. Much of the railroad had already been abandoned when it became part of Conrail in 1976, and the last of its trackage was removed in 1984.

In 1996, Whitehall Township purchased 9.2 miles of the right-of-way from Conrail, transforming it into the Ironton Rail Trail.

Ridin' With The Bluebells ...

2026-04-20T01:26:00.000-04:00

“There is a silent eloquence in every wild bluebell

That fills my softened heart with bliss

That words could never tell…”

~ Anne Bronte

~ 1820 ~ 1849

~ “The Bluebell”

~ poem published in 1846 which highlights the emotional impact of nature, where the flower evokes nostalgic, bittersweet memories of childhood and happier times

A little girl rides her bicycle in the light of a soft spring morning amidst the beguiling bluebells blooming in early April near the banks of the Swabia Creek at Lock Ridge Park and Furnace Museum, Alburtis, Pennsylvania in this candid image.

The blooming of the multitude of Lock Ridge bluebells – also called grape hyacinth – is a clarion call of spring in the Lehigh Valley, drawing many people to photograph and glimpse their beauty in the span of the few weeks they bloom.

Lock Ridge Park is a park built around an historic iron ore blast furnace just outside Alburtis. The park preserves portions of the former Lock Ridge Iron Works, which dates back to 1868. The 59-acre park was opened in August 1976.

Reverie And Reflection ...

2026-04-09T23:37:00.002-04:00

“Our love is a dream, but in my reverie

I can see that this love was meant for me …

So love me as I love you in my reverie

Make my dream a reality …”

~ “My Reverie”

~ 1938 popular song with lyrics by Larry Clinton; its melody is based on the 1890 piano piece “Reverie” by French classical composer Claude Debussy, 1862 ~ 1918

~ Recorded by artists including Ella Fitzgerald, Tony Bennett, Bing Crosby & Sarah Vaughn

When I saw this simple white bench perched with a view of trees reflecting in the Lehigh River on a beautiful early November afternoon, it made me think of Debussy’s “Reverie,” as I feel his compositions sound like art set to music. I presented the image in sepia to enhance that ethereal, dream-like mood that is reverie, and to mirror the beauty of autumn that is tinged with sadness.

I captured this shot this after setting out from the Cementon Trailhead of the Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor, Cementon, Pennsylvania, part of the Asher F. Boyer Eagle Trail section of the D&L.

Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

Snow-Capped Pennsylvania German Country ...

2026-03-15T23:23:00.000-04:00

“That grand old poem called Winter.”

~ Henry David Thoreau

~ 1817 ~ 1862

This authentic Pennsylvania German farmhouse, picturesque 19^th century barn and corn crib paint a peaceful, rural winterscape after a fresh February snowfall at the historic 1756 Troxell-Steckel Farm Museum, Egypt, Pennsylvania.

The Coplay Creek runs through this 31 acre property, which was once part of a 400 acre farm. The centerpiece of the property is a stone farmhouse, built in 1756. A spring house, barn and corn crib are also on the property. The farmhouse is an authentic Pennsylvania German farmhouse and offers an example of Lehigh County agricultural history. The Troxell-Steckel house was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.

It is the region’s only authentically complete Pennsylvania German farmhouse, resembling its medieval ancestors and giving a captivating glimpse of the area’s farm history.

The Pennsylvania German farmhouse was constructed in 1756 by John Peter Troxell, an immigrant from Germany in search of a better life. When the structure was built, twenty years before the Declaration of Independence was signed, this farm sat on the edge of wilderness. George Washington was only 24 years old, and America was ruled by the King of England. At the time, the house was reported to be the largest residence on the Pennsylvania frontier. The fortress-like masonry walls of this structure are more than two feet thick.

In 1768, John Peter Troxell sold this farm to Peter Steckel, another immigrant from Germany. Pennsylvania Germans were one of the largest immigrant groups in Eastern Pennsylvania. Their traditions enriched American culture.

As someone of Irish-German heritage, I love getting a glimpse into Pennsylvania German history in the area.

This historic site is owned and operated by the Lehigh County Historical Society and is open for seasonal tours and events.

The Troxell-Steckel Farm Museum may also be accessed from the Ironton Rail Trail, which loops more than nine miles through Whitehall Township, the Borough of Coplay and North Whitehall Township.

In 1996, Whitehall Township purchased 9.2 miles of the right-of-way from Conrail, transforming it into the Ironton Rail Trail.

The Evergreen In Winter ...

2026-03-01T23:18:00.000-05:00

“No one can look at a pine tree in winter without knowing that spring will come again in due time.”

~ Frank Bolles

~ American author & naturalist

~ 1856 ~ 1894

~ The quote serves as a metaphor for hope, resilience, and the inevitability of change, emphasizing that difficult times (winter) are temporary

A Norway Spruce laced with a light dusting of snow radiates a winter peace after a fresh snowfall under a velvet curtain of gray that creates a canvas of hidden poetry in the sky at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

I shot this scene on a late February afternoon in 2026. This Norway Spruce was the subject of the first nature photo I took very early in my photography journey in February 2009 ~ my has it grown!

The Norway Spruce is a rapidly growing, woody, needled evergreen tree in the pine family. It is often used as a Christmas tree, frequently selected as the Rockefeller Christmas tree in New York City.

Sugar-Coated ...

2026-02-21T01:48:00.001-05:00

“While the earth has slumbered, all the air has been alive with feathery flakes descending.”

~ Henry David Thoreau

~ 1817 ~ 1862

~ from “A Winter Walk”

~ published 1843

The Monocacy Creek meanders through Monocacy Park, Bethlehem, Pennsylvania, soon after almost a foot of snow blanketed the region, painting the landscape with a sugary white coat on a beautiful late January afternoon.

Snow Moon Brushes The Silvery Creek ...

2026-02-07T01:12:00.000-05:00

“By the light of the silvery moon, I want to spoon, to my honey I’ll croon love’s tune …”

~ “By the Light of the Silvery Moon”

~ popular love song, music by Gus Edwards, lyrics by Edward Madden

~ published 1909, one of a series of moon-related Tin Pan Alley songs

~ performed in the 1953 film “By the Light of the Silvery Moon” by Doris Day, Gordon MacRae and others throughout the film

The full Snow Moon melts into a silvery creek in the beautiful surreal in wintertime.

I created this image by blending my shot of the Snow Moon of February 1, 2026 shining over the West End of Allentown, Pennsylvania with “Silvered Shores,” my February 2017 capture of the snow-laden creek at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania as a hint of sunset blushes the creek between its silvered shores after a fresh snowfall.

The Snow Moon is often named for the heavy snowfalls common during this time of year in the Northern Hemisphere. The cold, dense air of February often makes this moon appear brighter and sharper.

I shot this soon after this Snow Moon hit its maximum 100 percent illumination at 5:09 p.m. Eastern Standard Time.

Flocking To The Snowy Pond...

2026-02-01T01:05:00.000-05:00

“Listen to the silence inside the illusion of the world.”

~ Jack Kerouac

~ 1922 ~ 1969

With a fresh snowfall clinging to the trees, Canadian Geese flock to the pond as sunset looms on a mid-January day at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania, painting a serene showcase of winter’s quiet beauty.

Moonglow Meets The Delaware ...

2026-01-18T23:34:00.002-05:00

“It must have been moonglow, way up in the blue,

It must have been moonglow that led me straight to you …”

~ “Moonglow”

~ 1933 popular song & jazz standard

~ Will Hudson & Irving Mills, composers

~ Eddie DeLange, lyricist

~ “Moonglow & Theme from Picnic” is a 1956-releaased medley of both “Moonglow” & “Theme from Picnic” (1955) by Morris Stoloff – one of my favorite movies!

Moonglow meets the Delaware River over the historic Free Bridge during a soft purple twilight in autumn in the beautiful surreal.

Reflections from lights on the historic Northampton Street Bridge, commonly called the Free Bridge, trip the light fantastic as they dance in harmony on the Delaware River from my vantage point by the banks of the Delaware in Phillipsburg, New Jersey at dusk in late November.

Programmable LED lights illuminate the iconic bridge which spans the Delaware River to link Phillipsburg with Easton.

The lights were installed as part of a bridge rehabilitation/improvement project that spanned from late 2021 until spring 2023. The bridge is colloquially referred as the “Free Bridge” to distinguish it from the Easton-Phillipsburg Toll Bridge (previously the Bushkill Street Bridge), a short distance upstream.

Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

I created this image by blending my November 22, 2025 shot of the bridge with my capture of the Supermoon of December 3, 2017 shining brightly over Cedar Creek Parkway, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

A Supermoon happens when the full moon coincides with the moon’s closest approach to Earth in its orbit. Supermoons make the moon appear a little brighter and closer than normal.

The term Supermoon has only been used in the past 40 years.

Yellow Days ...

2026-01-04T23:27:00.000-05:00

“I do remember when the sunlight had a special kind of brightness

And laughter held a lover’s kind of lightness, yellow days, yellow days …”

~ song by Frank Sinatra & Duke Ellington

~ 1968

A colorful canopy of yellow and orange hues of sugar maples at the peak of their autumn color beckon for a sunlit walk on an early November afternoon near the River Drive Trailhead of the Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor (D&L Trail), in Laurys Station, North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania.

This portion of the trail is part of the Asher F. Boyer Eagle Trail section of the D&L.

Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware Rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

Lighting The Way ...

2025-12-13T00:55:00.001-05:00

“I will love the light for it shows me the way, yet I will endure the darkness for it shows me the stars.”

~ Og Mandino

~ American writer

~ 1923 ~ 1996

Reflections from lights on the historic Northampton Street Bridge, commonly called the Free Bridge, trip the light fantastic as they dance in harmony on the Delaware River as a soft autumn twilight in late November wraps around historic Phillipsburg, New Jersey from my vantage point across the river in Easton, Pennsylvania.

Programmable LED lights illuminate the iconic bridge which spans the Delaware River to link Phillipsburg with Easton.

Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

Starry, Starry Sweet Gum ...

2025-11-09T23:17:00.000-05:00

“How beautiful the leaves grow old. How full of light and color are their last days.”

~ John Burroughs

~ 1837 ~ 1921

The leaves of a sweet gum tree are the star of show, tinting the landscape with hues of autumn on a late October afternoon at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

The most distinctive feature of the leaves is the star shape, typically with five pointed lobes. In summer they are a glossy dark green, and in the fall they turn striking shades of red, orange, yellow and purple, often with multiple colors appearing on the same branch or tree.

The Sweet Gum is highly prized for its beautiful autumn foliage. It is one of the most common hardwoods in the Southeastern and Mid-Atlantic United States.

Silhouetted ...

2025-11-06T23:08:00.001-05:00

“Never waste a shadow in creating art.”

~ attributed to John Constable

~ English painter

~ 1776 ~ 1837

General Harry C. Trexler looks majestic and stately on horseback, silhouetted on a late October day when the autumn sun and clouds gave play to light and shadows around this beautiful bronze statue of his image at Trexler Memorial Park, Allentown, Pennsylvania.

The statue depicts General Trexler on his horse, Jack ‘O Diamonds.

A silhouetted bird, likely a Canada Goose or gull, flies at bottom right in a V formation, visualizing a sense of freedom.

General Trexler (1854-1933) is the father of Allentown’s park system. He was an industrialist, agriculturist, philanthropist, conservationist and soldier. The park is his namesake.

During his lifetime, General Trexler contributed a great deal to the growth and quality of life in the City of Allentown and the surrounding County of Lehigh.

This bronze statue of General Trexler was presented to the City of Allentown by his trustees Nolan P. Benner, William B. Butz, Joseph S. Young, Carl J.W. Hessinger and Richard E. White. It was commissioned January 16, 1979 and dedicated May 8, 1982.

General Trexler was a great man, and I’m personally very thankful to him, as Trexler Memorial Park and Trexler Nature Preserve, Schnecksville, Pennsylvania are two of my very favorite places to be and to photograph.

An Autumn ...

2025-10-26T23:10:00.000-04:00

“As long as autumn lasts, I shall not have hands, canvas and colors enough to paint the beautiful things I see.”

~Vincent van Gogh

~ 1853 ~ 1890

A late October evening comes softly as sunset rays pepper the peaceful beauty of autumn at the ford of the Jordan Creek, one of my very favorite places to be and to photograph, at Trexler Nature Preserve, Schnecksville, Pennsylvania.

Main Street Americana ...

2025-10-19T23:32:00.000-04:00

“To me, photography is an art of observation. It’s about finding something interesting in an ordinary place… I’ve found it has little to do with the things you see and everything to do with the way you see them.”

~ Elliot Erwitt

~ French-born American photographer

~ 1928 ~ 2023

A slice of Americana …

American flag bunting festoons storefronts on Main Street at Union Square in the historic town of Phillipsburg, New Jersey as a Chevy truck is stopped at the traffic light on a beautiful mid-September afternoon in the waning summer.

Signs advertise the Phillipsburg Farmers Market and 2025 Railroad Festival at the spot at the end of the historic Northampton Street Bridge, commonly called the Free Bridge, which spans the Delaware River and links Phillipsburg with Easton, Pennsylvania.

Phillipsburg, a Delaware River Town, was established March 8, 1861 and named for William Phillips, an early settler of the area.

Try A Little Tenderness ...

2025-09-10T00:35:00.000-04:00

“… But it’s all so easy …

Just try a little tenderness …”

~ “Try a Little Tenderness”

~ 1932

~ song by the Ray Noble Orchestra

~ Renditions include those by Bing Crosby, Frank Sinatra & Otis Redding

I spotted a honey of a summer sight ~ two beautiful white-tailed deer fawns, twice the joy of seeing just one! ~ sharing a tender moment as they enjoy their first summer on an early July evening along the Ironton Rail Trail, which loops more than nine miles through Whitehall Township, the Borough of Coplay and North Whitehall Township, Pennsylvania.

In 1996, Whitehall Township purchased 9.2 miles of the right-of-way from Conrail, transforming it into the Ironton Rail Trail.

Come Fly With Me ...

2025-08-12T23:38:00.000-04:00

“Come fly with me, let’s fly, let’s fly away …

We’ll just glide, starry-eyed …

Weather-wise it’s such a coo-coo day …”

“Come Fly With Me”

~ 1958 popular song composed by Jimmy Van Heusen with lyrics by Sammy Cahn, written for the great Frank Sinatra. It was the title track of Sinatra’s 1958 album of the same name.

A sweet Cabbage White Butterfly flutters toward a buddleia bush – also called summer lilac – on a perfect August afternoon along the Delaware & Lehigh National Heritage Corridor (D&L Trail), Slatington, Pennsylvania, near The Lehigh Gap.

In the shadow of the Kittatinny Ridge, also called Blue Mountain, The Lehigh Gap is a crossroads where the Lehigh Gap Nature Center’s trails connect two historic trails ~ the Appalachian Trail and the D&L Trail.

The Appalachian Trail, a foot path, follows the ridge on both sides of the Lehigh Gap, running 1,245 miles south to Georgia and 930 miles north to Maine. Running from Wilkes-Barre to Bristol, the D&L Trail passes through the Lehigh and Delaware rivers and their canals in Pennsylvania.

Bakin' Up Some Whimsy ...

2025-08-04T00:28:00.001-04:00

“What’s life without whimsy?”

~ Dr. Sheldon Cooper

~ “The Big Bang Theory”

~ American sitcom

~ 2007 ~ 2019

The adorable Pillsbury Doughboy declares “I’m a Hot Little Biscuit” as he poses in front of my stovetop percolator in this monochrome capture where whimsy meets nostalgia on a summer day in the kitchen.

Poppin’ Fresh, more widely known as the Pillsbury Doughboy, is an advertising mascot for the Pillsbury Company, appearing in many of their commercials. Many commercials from 1965 until 2005 (together with some for Geico between 2009 and 2017) ended with a human finger poking the Doughboy’s belly. The Doughboy responds by giggling when his belly is poked (Hoo-Hoo!, or earlier on, a slight giggle “tee hee”).

The Pillsbury Doughboy was created by Rudolph “Rudy” Perz, a copywriter for Pillsbury’s longtime advertising agency, Leo Burnett Company. Perz was sitting in his kitchen in the spring of 1965, under pressure to create an advertising campaign for Pillsbury’s refrigerated dough product line (biscuits, dinner rolls, sweet rolls, and cookies). His copywriter, Carol H. Williams, imagined a living doughboy popping out of a Pillsbury refrigerated dough can and wrote the campaign, “Say Hello to Poppin’ Fresh Dough.” Williams was inducted into the American Advertising Federation Hall of Fame in 2017.