<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?><?xml-stylesheet href="http://www.blogger.com/styles/atom.css" type="text/css"?><feed xmlns='http://www.w3.org/2005/Atom' xmlns:openSearch='http://a9.com/-/spec/opensearchrss/1.0/' xmlns:blogger='http://schemas.google.com/blogger/2008' xmlns:georss='http://www.georss.org/georss' xmlns:gd="http://schemas.google.com/g/2005" xmlns:thr='http://purl.org/syndication/thread/1.0'><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784</id><updated>2025-11-30T19:47:14.373-08:00</updated><category term="tesis phd"/><category term="EMERALD"/><category term="proposal"/><category term="Carta Gantt tesis PhD"/><category term="DSG"/><category term="EZProxy EBCOHOST"/><category term="Grad On Time (GOT)"/><category term="Nvivo"/><category term="Perpustakaan EPRD"/><category term="SAGE"/><category term="Endnote"/><category term="Fakulti Pendidikan UKM"/><category term="JabRef"/><category term="Papers"/><category term="Perpustakaan UKM"/><category term="PhD"/><category term="Pizza Hut Delivery PHD"/><category term="Pusat Sumber Pendidikan UKM"/><category term="Qiqqa"/><category term="kualitatif"/><category term="perancangan PhD"/><category term="#GOT"/><category term="#MADANI"/><category term="#MESYUARAT BERKESAN"/><category term="#Malaysia madani&#xa;#Madani &#xa;#pendidikan madani"/><category term="#PENGURUSAN MASA"/><category term="#PhD"/><category term="#SAJAK"/><category term="#Trachtenberg"/><category term="#model kepimpinan"/><category term="#storytelling"/><category term="AES"/><category term="ATLAS.ti 7"/><category term="Apple Teacher"/><category term="Bahagian Tajaan"/><category term="Carta Gantt PhD"/><category term="Certified Google Educator"/><category term="Digital Classroom"/><category term="Fulbright TEA"/><category term="Google Educator"/><category term="IF"/><category term="ISI"/><category term="J"/><category term="Konvokesyen UPSI 2017"/><category term="LCML"/><category term="LWPS"/><category term="MIE"/><category term="MIEE"/><category term="Mendeley"/><category term="Microsoft Educator"/><category term="Model Pengurusan"/><category term="Model kepimpinan"/><category term="PSD 6/93"/><category term="Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia"/><category term="Pinjam e-book"/><category term="SURAT PEKELILING AM BIL. 8 TAHUN 1983"/><category term="WALKS"/><category term="bento menu"/><category term="chatgpt"/><category term="chatgpt dalam pendidikan"/><category term="chatgpt di Malaysia"/><category term="doner menu"/><category term="ebuku"/><category term="hamburger menu"/><category term="hantar jurnal"/><category term="impact factor"/><category term="impact factor journal"/><category term="jurnal phd"/><category term="kebab menu"/><category term="name tag"/><category term="pertukaran guru"/><category term="short film"/><category term="smartphone menu"/><category term="surah al a&#39;la paling sedap"/><category term="the best al a&#39;la recitation"/><category term="tips PhD"/><category term="world best teacher"/><title type='text'>TUKANG CERITO</title><subtitle type='html'></subtitle><link rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#feed' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/posts/default'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default?redirect=false'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/'/><link rel='hub' href='http://pubsubhubbub.appspot.com/'/><link rel='next' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default?start-index=26&amp;max-results=25&amp;redirect=false'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><generator version='7.00' uri='http://www.blogger.com'>Blogger</generator><openSearch:totalResults>84</openSearch:totalResults><openSearch:startIndex>1</openSearch:startIndex><openSearch:itemsPerPage>25</openSearch:itemsPerPage><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-4429494636188678189</id><published>2025-04-03T17:26:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2025-04-03T17:26:46.180-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h1&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bab 1: Konsep dan Prinsip Asas Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h1&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.1 Definisi dan Kepentingan Pentaksiran dalam Pembelajaran&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran dalam bilik darjah merupakan satu proses sistematik untuk mengumpul, menganalisis, dan mentafsir maklumat mengenai pembelajaran pelajar bagi tujuan membuat keputusan yang tepat dalam pengajaran dan pembelajaran. Ia bukan sekadar alat pengukuran pencapaian, tetapi juga satu mekanisme penting dalam membimbing perkembangan akademik dan meningkatkan keberkesanan pengajaran.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kepentingan pentaksiran dalam pembelajaran tidak boleh disangkal. Pertama, ia membantu pendidik mengenal pasti tahap pemahaman pelajar terhadap sesuatu topik. Dengan maklumat ini, guru dapat menyesuaikan strategi pengajaran bagi memastikan setiap pelajar mendapat bimbingan yang sesuai dengan keperluan mereka. Kedua, pentaksiran berfungsi sebagai satu bentuk maklum balas kepada pelajar, membolehkan mereka mengenali kekuatan dan kelemahan dalam pembelajaran mereka. Ketiga, pentaksiran memainkan peranan penting dalam menentukan kejayaan sesuatu kurikulum dan menilai keberkesanan pedagogi yang digunakan dalam bilik darjah.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Di peringkat organisasi pendidikan, pentaksiran juga digunakan untuk menilai keberkesanan sekolah dalam mencapai standard akademik yang ditetapkan oleh pihak berkuasa pendidikan. Data yang diperoleh melalui pentaksiran dapat membantu pihak berkepentingan, termasuk pembuat dasar dan pemimpin sekolah, dalam merangka strategi penambahbaikan pendidikan yang lebih holistik dan berkesan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.2 Perbezaan antara Pentaksiran Formatif dan Sumatif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran boleh dikategorikan kepada dua jenis utama: &lt;strong&gt;pentaksiran formatif&lt;/strong&gt; dan &lt;strong&gt;pentaksiran sumatif&lt;/strong&gt;. Walaupun kedua-duanya berkait rapat, setiap satu mempunyai tujuan dan pendekatan yang berbeza dalam konteks pendidikan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pentaksiran Formatif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran formatif merupakan satu bentuk penilaian yang dijalankan secara berterusan sepanjang proses pembelajaran. Ia bertujuan untuk memberikan maklum balas kepada guru dan pelajar supaya pembelajaran dapat diperbaiki serta-merta. Antara ciri utama pentaksiran formatif adalah:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bersifat diagnostik:&lt;/strong&gt; Membantu guru mengenal pasti kelemahan pelajar lebih awal.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Fleksibel:&lt;/strong&gt; Boleh dilakukan dalam pelbagai bentuk seperti soal jawab, tugasan kecil, dan refleksi pelajar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Menekankan perkembangan pelajar:&lt;/strong&gt; Lebih fokus kepada proses pembelajaran berbanding pencapaian akhir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Contoh pentaksiran formatif termasuk penggunaan kuiz pendek, sesi perbincangan kelas, tugasan bertulis yang diberi maklum balas segera, dan aktiviti pembelajaran interaktif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Pentaksiran Sumatif&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Sebaliknya, pentaksiran sumatif digunakan untuk menilai pencapaian pelajar pada penghujung satu tempoh pembelajaran, seperti akhir semester atau tahun akademik. Ia lebih bersifat sumatif kerana memberikan gambaran keseluruhan tentang tahap penguasaan pelajar terhadap sesuatu subjek atau kemahiran. Antara ciri utama pentaksiran sumatif adalah:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Bersifat penilaian akhir:&lt;/strong&gt; Digunakan untuk mengukur sejauh mana pelajar telah menguasai sesuatu kurikulum.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Berstruktur dan formal:&lt;/strong&gt; Biasanya dalam bentuk ujian bertulis, peperiksaan standard, atau projek akhir.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Digunakan untuk pemberian gred atau sijil:&lt;/strong&gt; Hasil pentaksiran sumatif sering menentukan keputusan akademik pelajar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Walaupun pentaksiran sumatif memberikan gambaran menyeluruh mengenai pencapaian pelajar, ia tidak memberikan peluang untuk pembetulan segera dalam proses pembelajaran seperti yang dilakukan oleh pentaksiran formatif. Oleh itu, keseimbangan antara kedua-dua bentuk pentaksiran adalah penting dalam memastikan pembelajaran yang berkesan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3 Prinsip-prinsip Utama Pentaksiran Berkesan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Agar pentaksiran dapat memenuhi matlamat pembelajaran yang ditetapkan, ia haruslah memenuhi beberapa prinsip utama:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3.1 Kesahan (Validity)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kesahan merujuk kepada sejauh mana sesuatu pentaksiran benar-benar mengukur apa yang sepatutnya diukur. Contohnya, jika sesuatu ujian bertujuan untuk menilai kemahiran menyelesaikan masalah dalam matematik, soalan ujian haruslah direka bentuk untuk mengukur kemahiran tersebut, bukan sekadar menguji hafalan formula semata-mata.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3.2 Kebolehpercayaan (Reliability)&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Kebolehpercayaan bermaksud keputusan pentaksiran adalah konsisten apabila diuji dalam situasi yang serupa. Jika ujian yang sama diberikan kepada pelajar dalam keadaan yang berlainan tetapi hasilnya tidak stabil, maka pentaksiran tersebut dianggap kurang boleh dipercayai.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3.3 Keberkesanan Maklum Balas&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Maklum balas yang diberikan kepada pelajar haruslah bersifat membina, jelas, dan dapat membantu mereka memperbaiki prestasi pembelajaran. Maklum balas yang berkesan harus memberi tumpuan kepada usaha memperbaiki kelemahan, bukan sekadar menunjukkan kesalahan yang dilakukan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3.4 Keadilan dan Inklusiviti&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran hendaklah bersifat adil dan mengambil kira kepelbagaian latar belakang pelajar, termasuk pelajar berkeperluan khas dan mereka yang mempunyai gaya pembelajaran yang berbeza. Soalan yang berat sebelah atau tidak mengambil kira kepelbagaian boleh menyebabkan ketidakadilan dalam menilai keupayaan sebenar pelajar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;h3&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.3.5 Keselarasan dengan Kurikulum&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran yang baik mestilah selaras dengan objektif pembelajaran yang telah ditetapkan dalam kurikulum. Ia tidak seharusnya menjadi aktiviti berasingan tetapi sebahagian daripada pendekatan pengajaran yang sistematik.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;h2&gt;&lt;strong&gt;1.4 Peranan Pentaksiran dalam Meningkatkan Kualiti Pendidikan&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Pentaksiran bukan sekadar alat penilaian, tetapi juga memainkan peranan penting dalam meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan secara keseluruhan. Antara sumbangan utama pentaksiran kepada sistem pendidikan termasuk:&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;ul&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Memacu pembelajaran yang lebih bermakna:&lt;/strong&gt; Dengan maklum balas yang berterusan, pelajar dapat mengenal pasti strategi pembelajaran yang lebih berkesan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Membantu dalam pembangunan profesional guru:&lt;/strong&gt; Data pentaksiran membolehkan guru menyesuaikan kaedah pengajaran berdasarkan keperluan sebenar pelajar.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Menjadi asas kepada pembentukan dasar pendidikan:&lt;/strong&gt; Keputusan pentaksiran boleh digunakan oleh pembuat dasar dalam menggubal polisi yang lebih efektif.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;li&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Meningkatkan akauntabiliti dalam sistem pendidikan:&lt;/strong&gt; Pentaksiran memastikan semua pihak berkepentingan (guru, pelajar, ibu bapa, dan pentadbir sekolah) memainkan peranan aktif dalam meningkatkan kualiti pendidikan.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;/li&gt;
&lt;/ul&gt;
&lt;p&gt;Secara keseluruhannya, pentaksiran yang dirancang dengan baik bukan sahaja membantu pelajar mencapai potensi mereka, tetapi juga memperkukuhkan sistem pendidikan secara menyeluruh. Oleh itu, pemimpin pendidikan perlu memahami dan melaksanakan pentaksiran secara strategik untuk mencapai objektif pembelajaran yang lebih tinggi.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;hr /&gt;
&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/4429494636188678189/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/4429494636188678189' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/4429494636188678189'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/4429494636188678189'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2025/04/pentaksiran-bilik-darjah.html' title='Pentaksiran Bilik Darjah'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8502753732282026653</id><published>2024-01-03T00:55:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-01-03T00:55:24.197-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Teori Komunikasi </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori komunikasi merujuk pada kerangka konseptual yang digunakan untuk memahami bagaimana pesan disampaikan, diterima, dan dipahami dalam suatu proses komunikasi. Ada banyak teori komunikasi yang dikembangkan oleh para ahli untuk menjelaskan berbagai aspek dari interaksi komunikatif. Berikut adalah beberapa teori komunikasi yang cukup signifikan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-0e6cee33-7fff-2ebd-9c09-1f2acd2d0061&quot;&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Model Matematika (Shannon-Weaver):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Claude Shannon dan Warren Weaver.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan komunikasi sebagai proses transmisi informasi dari pengirim ke penerima. Model ini mencakup konsep-konsep seperti pengirim, pesan, saluran, penerima, dan gangguan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Keseimbangan (Newcomb):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Theodore M. Newcomb.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana orang cenderung mencari keseimbangan dalam hubungan sosial dan berupaya untuk mengurangi ketidakseimbangan yang mungkin muncul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertukaran Sosial (Thibaut dan Kelley):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: John Thibaut dan Harold Kelley.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan komunikasi interpersonal sebagai pertukaran imbalan dan biaya. Teori ini menekankan pentingnya keseimbangan dalam hubungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertahanan Diri (Goffman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Erving Goffman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu berkomunikasi untuk menjaga citra diri positif dan melindungi diri dari stigma sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Agenda Setting (McCombs dan Shaw):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Maxwell McCombs dan Donald Shaw.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana media massa dapat mempengaruhi agenda publik dengan menentukan topik-topik yang dianggap penting oleh masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kultivasi (Gerbner):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: George Gerbner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana paparan berlebihan terhadap konten media tertentu dapat membentuk persepsi dunia dan realitas sosial individu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Penyiaran Simbolik (Hall):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Stuart Hall.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana tanda-tanda dan simbol-simbol dalam media massa dapat memengaruhi konstruksi makna dan identitas sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Konvergensi Media (Jenkins):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Henry Jenkins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan interaksi antara media tradisional dan media baru serta dampaknya terhadap produksi, distribusi, dan konsumsi konten.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemrosesan Informasi (Miller):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: George A. Miller.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara manusia memproses informasi, termasuk bagaimana mereka memilih, memahami, menyimpan, dan mengingat informasi dalam proses komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Resepsi (Stuart Hall):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Stuart Hall.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan peran penerima dalam menginterpretasikan pesan media dan memberikan makna, serta bagaimana konteks sosial memengaruhi proses ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Difusi Inovasi (Rogers):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Everett M. Rogers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana inovasi atau ide baru berkembang dan diterima dalam masyarakat, melibatkan proses difusi di antara kelompok-kelompok tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Media Richness (Daft dan Lengel):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Richard L. Daft dan Robert H. Lengel.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana berbagai saluran komunikasi memiliki tingkat &quot;kekayaan&quot; yang berbeda dalam menyampaikan informasi, dan pentingnya memilih saluran yang sesuai dengan kompleksitas pesan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Semiotik (Roland Barthes):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Roland Barthes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara tanda dan simbol digunakan untuk mengomunikasikan makna dalam berbagai bentuk ekspresi, termasuk bahasa, gambar, dan tindakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Framing (Erving Goffman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Erving Goffman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana penyajian pesan atau informasi dapat memengaruhi cara orang memahami dan menafsirkan suatu isu atau situasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Spiral of Silence (Noelle-Neumann):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu cenderung menahan pendapat yang dianggap minoritas untuk menghindari isolasi sosial, sehingga menciptakan &quot;spiral of silence.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Interaksi Simbolik (Blumer):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Herbert Blumer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan komunikasi sebagai proses interaksi sosial yang melibatkan pertukaran makna melalui simbol dan lambang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kritis Komunikasi (Habermas):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Jürgen Habermas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan peran komunikasi dalam pembentukan dan pemeliharaan struktur sosial. Teori ini juga mencakup konsep &quot;ruang publik&quot; dan pentingnya komunikasi bebas untuk demokrasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Politeness (Brown dan Levinson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Penelope Brown dan Stephen Levinson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara individu menggunakan bahasa untuk memelihara keramahan dan menjaga keharmonisan hubungan interpersonal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Organizasi Komunikasi (McPhee dan Zaug):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Robert D. McPhee dan Paul Zaug.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan dan pengelolaan organisasi, termasuk arus informasi dan dinamika kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Narratif (Fisher):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Walter R. Fisher.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana manusia cenderung membuat makna melalui narasi atau cerita, dan betapa kuatnya narasi dalam membentuk persepsi dan realitas.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Agenda Kesehatan (McCombs):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Maxwell McCombs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Merinci bagaimana media massa dapat memengaruhi persepsi masyarakat tentang isu-isu kesehatan dengan menetapkan agenda dan memberikan perhatian tertentu pada topik tertentu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Antarpribadi (West dan Turner):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Richard L. West dan Lynn H. Turner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi antarpribadi, termasuk konsep-konsep seperti persepsi diri, asumsi, dan konflik dalam konteks hubungan interpersonal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Spiral Dynamik (Graves):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Clare W. Graves (dikembangkan lebih lanjut oleh Don Beck dan Christopher Cowan).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan perkembangan manusia dan budaya melalui tingkatan-tingkatan berbeda dalam cara berpikir dan nilai-nilai yang dominan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Kuantum (Buber):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Martin Buber.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan pada hubungan antara individu sebagai dialog yang mendasar, yang melibatkan keberadaan &quot;aku&quot; dan &quot;kamu&quot; dalam hubungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Efek Media (Bandura):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Albert Bandura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana media massa dapat memengaruhi perilaku individu, terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran melalui observasi dan peniruan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Psikodinamika Komunikasi (Erikson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Erik Erikson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana konflik psikologis individu dapat memengaruhi komunikasi interpersonal dan perkembangan identitas selama siklus hidup.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemberdayaan (Freire):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Paulo Freire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan pada komunikasi sebagai alat untuk pemberdayaan dan pembebasan, terutama dalam konteks pendidikan dan perubahan sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kesalahan Budaya (Hall):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Edward T. Hall.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan budaya dapat memengaruhi komunikasi dan menimbulkan kesalahan pemahaman antarindividu dari budaya yang berbeda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Koordinatif (Pearce dan Cronen):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Barnett Pearce dan Vern Cronen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan pentingnya koordinasi dan konstruksi bersama makna dalam komunikasi antarpribadi dan kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemodelan Media (Bandura):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Albert Bandura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana orang dapat memperoleh keterampilan dan perilaku melalui pemberian contoh dalam media, terutama dalam konteks pembelajaran dan pengembangan pribadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Teori (Bateson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Gregory Bateson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi adalah proses kompleks yang melibatkan berbagai tingkat komunikasi verbal dan nonverbal, serta konsep metakomunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Terapeutik (Rogers):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Carl Rogers.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip komunikasi yang mendukung proses terapeutik, termasuk empati, penerimaan tanpa syarat, dan keautentikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Teknologi Komunikasi (McLuhan):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Marshall McLuhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan peran teknologi dalam membentuk dan mengubah pola komunikasi dalam masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Semiotika (Saussure):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Ferdinand de Saussure.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara tanda atau simbol digunakan untuk membentuk bahasa dan makna, serta bagaimana struktur bahasa memengaruhi pemahaman kita terhadap dunia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Konstruktivisme (Berger dan Luckmann):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Peter L. Berger dan Thomas Luckmann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa realitas sosial dibangun bersama melalui proses interaksi dan interpretasi kolektif, termasuk dalam konteks komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Semiotika Budaya (Barthes):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Roland Barthes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menerapkan konsep semiotika untuk menganalisis budaya populer dan bagaimana makna dibentuk dan disampaikan melalui simbol-simbol dalam media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Lintas Budaya (Kim dan Gudykunst):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Young Yun Kim dan William B. Gudykunst.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan budaya dapat mempengaruhi komunikasi antarindividu atau kelompok dari budaya yang berbeda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kepuasan (Gratification Theory):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Elihu Katz, Jay G. Blumler, dan Michael Gurevitch.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa orang mengonsumsi media untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dan kepuasan tertentu, dan ini dapat memengaruhi perilaku dan persepsi mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pengaruh Sosial (Cialdini):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Robert B. Cialdini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip yang memotivasi orang untuk mengubah perilaku mereka berdasarkan pengaruh sosial, termasuk komunikasi persuasif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Asertif (Alberti dan Emmons):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Robert E. Alberti dan Michael L. Emmons.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara berkomunikasi dengan tegas dan efektif, tanpa melanggar hak-hak orang lain atau merugikan hubungan interpersonal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Pergantian (Relational Dialectics Theory):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Leslie Baxter dan Barbara Montgomery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan dinamika hubungan interpersonal dan bagaimana hubungan mengalami ketegangan antara kebutuhan yang saling bertentangan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Keterlibatan Media (Media Engagement Theory):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Richard Perloff.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara audiens terlibat dengan media melalui emosi, kognisi, dan perilaku, serta bagaimana keterlibatan ini memengaruhi persepsi dan respon terhadap pesan media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Efektif (Lasswell):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Harold D. Lasswell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menyusun pertanyaan &quot;Siapa, mengatakan apa, melalui saluran apa, kepada siapa, dengan efek apa?&quot; untuk memahami esensi komunikasi dan analisis pesan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Korespondensi (Burke):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Kenneth Burke.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana simbol-simbol dalam bahasa menciptakan pemahaman bersama dan konsep &quot;persuasi identitas&quot; dalam proses komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Partisipatif (Lippmann):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Walter Lippmann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan peran partisipasi masyarakat dalam pembentukan opini dan tanggapan terhadap isu-isu publik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Simbolik (Blumer):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Herbert Blumer (dengan kontribusi dari Mead).&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan makna simbolik dalam interaksi sosial dan bagaimana individu memberikan makna pada situasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Semiotika Baru (Eco):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Umberto Eco.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Mengembangkan konsep semiotika dengan mengeksplorasi struktur dan makna tanda serta proses interpretasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Spiritual (Bohm):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: David Bohm.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Membahas komunikasi sebagai proses pembentukan makna bersama dan pencarian pemahaman kolektif, khususnya dalam konteks dialog dan pemahaman holistik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Model Kearifan (Sternberg):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Robert J. Sternberg.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Mengusulkan bahwa komunikasi yang efektif melibatkan tiga aspek utama, yaitu keterampilan analitik, kreativitas, dan praktis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Hipodermik (Lasswell):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Harold D. Lasswell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Mendeskripsikan model komunikasi sebagai penyuntikan pesan secara langsung ke dalam pikiran audiens tanpa pertimbangan kritis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Propaganda (Ellul):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Jacques Ellul.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Membahas peran media massa dalam menyebarkan pesan propaganda dan pengaruhnya terhadap opini publik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Pemasaran (Kotler):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Philip Kotler.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana pesan pemasaran disusun dan disampaikan kepada konsumen untuk mencapai tujuan pemasaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Transformasional (Freire):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Paulo Freire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi dapat digunakan sebagai alat transformasi sosial dan pendidikan untuk mencapai pemahaman kritis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Gender (Tannen):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Deborah Tannen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan perbedaan dalam komunikasi antara pria dan wanita, dengan menyoroti gaya komunikasi yang berbeda dan dampaknya dalam hubungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Linguistik (Jakobson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Roman Jakobson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Mengidentifikasi enam fungsi umum bahasa dalam komunikasi manusia, termasuk fungsi referensial, emotif, konatif, dan metalinguistik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Pragmatik (Grice):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: H.P. Grice.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip kerjasama dalam percakapan, termasuk maksim percakapan dan prinsip kooperasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemberdayaan Media (Bandura):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Albert Bandura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara media dapat memberdayakan atau merugikan individu melalui representasi dan model perilaku.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Nonverbal (Ekman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Paul Ekman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan pentingnya ekspresi wajah dan bahasa tubuh dalam komunikasi nonverbal, serta universalitas beberapa ekspresi emosi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Seleksi dan Sosialisasi Media (Katz dan Lazarsfeld):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Elihu Katz dan Paul Lazarsfeld.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa media massa memainkan peran dalam proses seleksi dan sosialisasi, mempengaruhi perilaku dan persepsi individu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Polisentrisme (Bakhtin):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Mikhail Bakhtin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan pada konsep dialog dan hubungan dinamis antara berbagai suara dan pandangan dalam komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Hyperpersonal (Walther):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Joseph B. Walther.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi daring dapat menghasilkan hubungan yang lebih intim dan responsif daripada komunikasi tatap muka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Ketidakpastian Reduksi (Berger dan Calabrese):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Charles R. Berger dan Richard J. Calabrese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana orang mengurangi ketidakpastian dalam interaksi sosial melalui komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Konvergensi Budaya (Jenkins):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Henry Jenkins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana budaya populer dan media massa saling berinteraksi dan berkonvergensi, menciptakan pengalaman konsumsi yang lebih holistik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Kesehatan (Andersen):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Ronald M. Andersen.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi perilaku kesehatan masyarakat dan komunikasi sebagai alat untuk meningkatkan kesadaran dan pemahaman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Media Ekologi (McLuhan):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Marshall McLuhan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana media membentuk lingkungan komunikasi dan mempengaruhi cara kita memandang dan berinteraksi dengan dunia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kepribadian Komunikasi (McCroskey):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: James C. McCroskey.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan hubungan antara kepribadian individu dan gaya komunikasi mereka, dengan penekanan pada faktor-faktor seperti kecemasan komunikasi dan kepercayaan diri.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Realitas Sosial (Berger dan Luckmann):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Peter L. Berger dan Thomas Luckmann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa realitas sosial adalah konstruksi kolektif, termasuk proses komunikasi yang membentuk dan mempertahankannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemberdayaan Komunitas (Freire):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Paulo Freire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi dapat digunakan untuk memberdayakan komunitas, mendorong partisipasi dan refleksi kritis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Instruksional (Gagne):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Robert M. Gagne.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip efektifitas komunikasi dalam konteks pendidikan dan pelatihan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Penelitian Komunikasi (Littlejohn dan Foss):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Stephen W. Littlejohn dan Karen A. Foss.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip penelitian dalam ilmu komunikasi, termasuk desain penelitian dan etika penelitian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Posisi (Baxter):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Leslie Baxter.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana orang membentuk posisi komunikatif dalam hubungan mereka, termasuk proses negosiasi dan pertukaran pesan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Sosialisasi Media (Bandura):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Albert Bandura.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara media massa dapat berperan dalam proses sosialisasi, membentuk nilai-nilai dan perilaku individu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Relational Maintenance (Roloff dan Canary):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Michael E. Roloff dan Daniel J. Canary.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan strategi dan perilaku yang digunakan individu untuk merawat dan memelihara hubungan interpersonal dalam jangka panjang.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Retorika (Aristoteles):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Aristoteles.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip persuasif dalam berbicara dan menulis, termasuk tiga elemen kunci: ethos, pathos, dan logos.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Efek Kultivasi (Gerbner):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: George Gerbner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana paparan terus-menerus terhadap representasi tertentu dalam media massa dapat membentuk persepsi dan pandangan dunia individu.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Konvergensi Teknologi (Jenkins):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Henry Jenkins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara perkembangan teknologi informasi dan komunikasi mengubah cara kita berinteraksi dengan media dan informasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Interkultural (Hall):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Edward T. Hall.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana perbedaan budaya dapat memengaruhi komunikasi antarindividu atau kelompok dari budaya yang berbeda.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Fungsionalisme (Lasswell):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Harold D. Lasswell.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa media massa berfungsi untuk menyampaikan informasi, memberikan hiburan, dan memengaruhi perilaku masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Multibudaya (Kim):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Young Yun Kim.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan strategi komunikasi yang efektif dalam situasi multikultural dan bagaimana perbedaan budaya dapat diatasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Proposisi Dua Tahap (Hovland):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Carl I. Hovland.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan dua tahap proses persuasif, yaitu penerimaan pesan dan pembentukan sikap, serta faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi keduanya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Agendas Setting (McCombs dan Shaw):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Maxwell McCombs dan Donald Shaw.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana media massa dapat mempengaruhi agenda publik dengan menentukan topik-topik yang dianggap penting oleh masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertukaran Media (Social Exchange Theory):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: George C. Homans dan Peter Blau.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan interaksi sosial sebagai pertukaran imbalan dan biaya, termasuk dalam konteks penggunaan media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Pilihan Media (Ball-Rokeach dan DeFleur):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Everett M. Rogers dan Peter Clarke.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu memilih media berdasarkan kebutuhan dan karakteristik pribadi mereka, serta bagaimana media memengaruhi persepsi dan perilaku.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Proses Budaya (Leeds-Hurwitz):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Wendy Leeds-Hurwitz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi membentuk dan dipengaruhi oleh proses budaya, termasuk ritual, simbol, dan narasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kesalahan Komunikasi (Shannon dan Weaver):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Claude Shannon dan Warren Weaver.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan faktor-faktor yang dapat menyebabkan kesalahan dalam proses komunikasi, termasuk gangguan dan distorsi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Media Sosial (boyd dan Ellison):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: danah boyd dan Nicole Ellison.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan karakteristik dan dampak media sosial dalam memfasilitasi interaksi sosial dan pembentukan identitas online.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Ekspektasi Pengaruh (Burgoon):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Judee K. Burgoon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana harapan individu tentang perilaku komunikatif orang lain memengaruhi interaksi interpersonal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Identitas Komunikatif (Hecht):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Michael L. Hecht.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan peran komunikasi dalam pembentukan dan ekspresi identitas individu, terutama dalam konteks kelompok etnik atau budaya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Mode Ganda (Clark):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Herbert H. Clark.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana manusia dapat beralih antara mode bicara dan mode mendengarkan dalam interaksi verbal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Adaptasi (West dan Turner):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Richard L. West dan Lynn H. Turner.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu beradaptasi dalam situasi komunikatif untuk mencapai tujuan mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Manajemen Krisis (Coombs):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Timothy L. Coombs.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan strategi komunikasi yang efektif dalam mengelola dan merestorasi reputasi organisasi selama situasi krisis.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Politeness (Brown dan Levinson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Penelope Brown dan Stephen Levinson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu menggunakan strategi komunikasi untuk menjaga kesopanan dan meminimalkan konflik dalam interaksi sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Ketidakpastian Berkembar (Berger dan Calabrese):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Charles R. Berger dan Richard J. Calabrese.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan cara orang mengurangi ketidakpastian dalam situasi komunikasi interpersonal dan bagaimana ini memengaruhi perkembangan hubungan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Proses (Dance):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Frank E. Dance.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bahwa komunikasi adalah proses berkelanjutan yang melibatkan pemberian dan penerimaan pesan secara simultan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Kelekatan Komunikatif (Reis dan Shaver):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Harry T. Reis dan Phillip R. Shaver.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan peran komunikasi dalam pembentukan dan pemeliharaan ikatan kelekatan (attachment) dalam hubungan antarpribadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Keterlibatan (Deetz):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Stanley Deetz.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan peran komunikasi dalam membangun struktur kekuasaan dalam organisasi dan mendorong partisipasi dan keterlibatan anggota organisasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Resepsi (Leicester):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Helena M. C. Leicester.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menekankan peran penerima dalam membentuk dan menginterpretasikan pesan, terutama dalam konteks pendidikan dan pengajaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Transformasional-Transaksional (Bass):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Bernard M. Bass.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Membahas dua gaya kepemimpinan, yaitu transformasional yang fokus pada perubahan dan transaksional yang fokus pada pertukaran.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Teori Framing (Goffman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Pengembang: Erving Goffman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;2&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu merancang presentasi diri mereka dalam interaksi sosial dan bagaimana hal ini memengaruhi persepsi orang lain.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Agama dan Komunikasi (Lindvall dan Whitney):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Terry Lindvall dan Tom Whitney.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan hubungan antara komunikasi dan agama, khususnya bagaimana cerita-cerita keagamaan dan simbol-simbol digunakan dalam berkomunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Kesehatan Sosial (Masterson):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Lianne Masterson.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana faktor sosial, budaya, dan struktural mempengaruhi komunikasi dan perilaku kesehatan masyarakat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi dan Perubahan Sosial (Freire):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Paulo Freire.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan peran komunikasi dalam membangkitkan kesadaran, memobilisasi masyarakat, dan mendukung perubahan sosial.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Eksplorasi (Orbe):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Mark P. Orbe.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana orang-orang dari latar belakang budaya yang berbeda berkomunikasi dan berinteraksi, dengan penekanan pada identitas dan pengalaman pribadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertukaran Sosial (Homans):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: George C. Homans.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan interaksi sosial sebagai pertukaran imbalan dan biaya, di mana individu mencari hubungan yang memberikan keuntungan lebih besar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Nudge (Thaler dan Sunstein):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Richard H. Thaler dan Cass R. Sunstein.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan cara pesan atau pilihan kecil dapat &quot;mendorong&quot; individu untuk membuat keputusan tertentu tanpa menghilangkan kebebasan mereka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Organisasi (Weick):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Karl E. Weick.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan cara komunikasi memengaruhi pembentukan struktur dan identitas organisasi, serta bagaimana organisasi mengelola ketidakpastian.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Proses Sosial (Sherif):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Muzafer Sherif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana interaksi sosial mempengaruhi pembentukan norma dan nilai dalam kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Ritual Media (Couldry):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Nick Couldry.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan cara media massa menjadi bagian integral dari ritual sosial dan bagaimana hal ini memengaruhi identitas dan pengalaman kolektif.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Presentasi Diri (Goffman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Erving Goffman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu secara aktif mengelola citra diri mereka dalam interaksi sosial untuk menciptakan kesan yang diinginkan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Keterlibatan Pengguna (Davenport dan Beck):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Thomas H. Davenport dan John C. Beck.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan peran keterlibatan pengguna dalam proses pengembangan dan penggunaan teknologi informasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Antarpribadi (DeVito):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Joseph A. DeVito.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan konsep-konsep dasar dalam komunikasi antarpribadi, termasuk aspek verbal dan nonverbal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Kesulitan (Lin):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Nan Lin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan cara individu menggunakan sumber daya sosial dalam jaringan interpersonal mereka untuk mengatasi kesulitan dan mencapai tujuan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Relasional (Baxter dan Montgomery):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Leslie Baxter dan Barbara Montgomery.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi memainkan peran kunci dalam pembentukan, pengembangan, dan pemeliharaan hubungan interpersonal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Hyperpersonal (Walther):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Joseph B. Walther.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana komunikasi daring (online) dapat menghasilkan interaksi yang lebih intens dan pribadi daripada komunikasi tatap muka.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Transformasi Konflik (Burton):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: John W. Burton.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan cara komunikasi dapat digunakan untuk mengubah konflik destruktif menjadi proses yang membangun dan berdaya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Kecerdasan Emosional (Goleman):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Daniel Goleman.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan pentingnya pemahaman dan pengelolaan emosi dalam komunikasi, baik pada tingkat individu maupun kelompok.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Spiral Persuasi (Noelle-Neumann):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Elisabeth Noelle-Neumann.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana opini publik dapat berubah secara bertahap melalui proses persuasif yang berkelanjutan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Komunikasi Pencarian Informasi (Dervin):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Brenda Dervin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana individu mencari, memproses, dan menggunakan informasi dalam konteks komunikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertukaran Pesan (Axley):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Sarah Sanderson Axley.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana pesan dipertukarkan dan dipahami dalam konteks bisnis dan organisasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Pemotongan Media (McQuail):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Denis McQuail.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana media massa memotong realitas dengan memilih dan mengarahkan perhatian kita pada aspek-aspek tertentu dari kenyataan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Pertukaran Simbolik (Blumer):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Herbert Blumer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan bagaimana makna diberikan pada simbol-simbol dalam interaksi sosial, membentuk persepsi dan tindakan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Teori Konsolidasi Media (Jenkins):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;- Pengembang: Henry Jenkins.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0; margin-top: 0; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 15pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; text-wrap: wrap; vertical-align: baseline;&quot;&gt;- Fokus: Menjelaskan integrasi dan interaksi antara berbagai media, termasuk bagaimana konvergensi media memengaruhi cara kita berpartisipasi dalam budaya kontemporer.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 2.1; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 15pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Setiap teori ini memberikan perspektif yang berbeda tentang komunikasi dan membantu kita memahami fenomena komunikasi di berbagai bidang dan situasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Roboto, sans-serif; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8502753732282026653/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8502753732282026653' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8502753732282026653'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8502753732282026653'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2024/01/teori-komunikasi.html' title='Teori Komunikasi '/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8508906593772846123</id><published>2024-01-02T20:44:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-01-02T20:44:05.328-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Sejarah mentoring </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Sejarah mentoring dapat ditelusuri kembali ke zaman kuno, dan konsep ini telah berkembang seiring waktu dalam berbagai konteks budaya dan sosial. Berikut adalah gambaran terperinci tentang sejarah mentoring:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Zaman Kuno:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Mitologi Yunani:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Istilah &quot;mentoring&quot; berasal dari mitologi Yunani. Mentor adalah sahabat Odysseus yang diamanatkan untuk merawat putranya, Telemachus, ketika Odysseus pergi berperang.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Kisah ini menekankan konsep seorang yang lebih berpengalaman memberikan bimbingan dan dukungan kepada individu yang lebih muda atau kurang berpengalaman.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Kisah Religius dan Filosofis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Banyak tradisi keagamaan dan filsafat kuno mengandung elemen mentoring. Guru atau pemimpin spiritual sering berperan sebagai mentor, memberikan ajaran, nasihat, dan bimbingan kepada para pengikutnya.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Zaman Pertengahan:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Sistem Pertukaran Pembelajaran:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Pada abad pertengahan, terdapat sistem pertukaran pembelajaran di mana seorang murid belajar dari seorang ahli atau guru. Hubungan ini sering melibatkan pertukaran ilmu, keterampilan, dan nilai-nilai.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Zaman Pencerahan dan Revolusi Industri:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Sistem Pendidikan Formal:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Dengan munculnya sistem pendidikan formal pada abad ke-18 dan ke-19, hubungan mentor-murid menjadi lebih terstruktur di lembaga-lembaga pendidikan. Profesor dan dosen menjadi mentor bagi mahasiswa.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Pengaruh Pemikiran Manajemen:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Pada abad ke-20, pemikiran manajemen dan kepemimpinan memainkan peran penting dalam pengembangan konsep mentoring di dunia bisnis dan organisasi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Abad ke-20 hingga Saat Ini:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Mentoring dalam Karir dan Bisnis:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Seiring dengan perkembangan organisasi modern, mentoring menjadi strategi penting dalam pengembangan karyawan dan pemimpin. Mentoring di tempat kerja membantu dalam transfer pengetahuan dan pengembangan karir.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Profesional:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Mentoring telah menjadi bagian integral dari pengembangan pendidikan dan profesional. Program mentoring digunakan di sekolah, universitas, dan organisasi profesional untuk mendukung pertumbuhan individu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Inovasi Teknologi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Dengan kemajuan teknologi, seperti internet dan platform online, mentoring telah berkembang menjadi model yang lebih fleksibel, termasuk e-mentoring atau mentoring jarak jauh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Mentoring sebagai Proses Kontinu:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Konsep mentoring tidak lagi terbatas pada hubungan satu lawan satu. Ada penekanan pada mentoring sebagai proses kontinu di mana seseorang dapat memperoleh bimbingan dari berbagai sumber sepanjang karir mereka.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Sejarah mentoring mencerminkan evolusi nilai dan praktik manusia dalam membantu perkembangan pribadi, sosial, dan profesional individu. Dari mitologi kuno hingga zaman modern, mentoring tetap menjadi elemen kunci dalam pembelajaran dan pertumbuhan manusia.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8508906593772846123/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8508906593772846123' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8508906593772846123'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8508906593772846123'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2024/01/sejarah-mentoring.html' title='Sejarah mentoring '/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8644414194998969297</id><published>2024-01-02T20:42:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-01-02T20:42:27.174-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Mentoring</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Terdapat pelbagai model mentoring yang boleh digunakan dalam pelbagai konteks, termasuk di sekolah, organisasi, dan masyarakat. Model-model ini membantu memberikan struktur dan arah dalam pelaksanaan program mentoring. Berikut adalah beberapa model mentoring yang umum digunakan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;1. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Tradisional:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Model satu lawan satu di mana seorang mentor memberikan bimbingan dan sokongan secara langsung kepada seorang mentee.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Hubungan peribadi dan mendalam, memberi tumpuan kepada keperluan individu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Memerlukan masa dan komitmen yang signifikan dari kedua-dua pihak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;2. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Berkumpulan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Seorang mentor bekerja dengan kumpulan mentee. Interaksi boleh bersifat kolektif atau individu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Memberikan sokongan sebaya, menggalakkan kerjasama, membolehkan mentee belajar dari pengalaman satu sama lain.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Mungkin kurang tumpuan kepada keperluan individu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;3. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Peer Mentoring:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Mentee menerima bimbingan dari seseorang yang sebaya, seringkali memiliki tahap pengalaman atau pemahaman yang serupa.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Membina hubungan sebaya, mencipta persekitaran yang selesa, pembelajaran yang lebih mudah diterima.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Mentor mungkin kurang berpengalaman.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;4. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Silang (Cross-age mentoring):&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Hubungan mentoring antara individu yang berbeza usia atau peringkat kehidupan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Meningkatkan kepelbagaian pengalaman dan perspektif, menggalakkan pemahaman antara generasi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Mungkin ada kesenjangan dalam pengalaman atau keperluan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;5. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Eksplisit:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Mentor dan mentee bekerja bersama-sama untuk mencapai matlamat tertentu atau mengembangkan kemahiran tertentu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Tumpuan pada hasil konkret, terstruktur, memfasilitasi pertumbuhan dalam bidang tertentu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Kurangnya fleksibiliti dalam pembangunan kompetensi yang lebih luas.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;6. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Sosialisasi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Mentor membantu mentee beradaptasi dengan budaya organisasi atau persekitaran kerja.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Mempercepatkan integrasi, membina hubungan kerja yang baik.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Mungkin terlalu menumpukan kepada aspek organisasi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;7. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Komuniti:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Hubungan mentoring yang melibatkan keseluruhan komuniti atau kumpulan besar dalam memberikan sokongan dan bimbingan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Mencipta rangkaian sokongan yang luas, menggalakkan pertukaran pengetahuan dan kemahiran.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Sukar diuruskan dan memastikan penyertaan semua pihak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;8. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Maya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Mentoring dilakukan melalui platform atas talian atau teknologi komunikasi dari jauh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Fleksibiliti geografi, memanfaatkan teknologi untuk memudahkan hubungan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Kekurangan interaksi langsung, memerlukan kemahiran teknologi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;9. &lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: inherit;&quot;&gt;Mentoring Ad Hoc:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Penerangan:&lt;/span&gt; Hubungan mentoring yang tidak terstruktur dan lebih spontan, seringkali berlaku secara semulajadi.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Kelebihan:&lt;/span&gt; Fleksibel, tidak terikat dengan peraturan yang ketat.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600; margin-bottom: 1.25em; margin-top: 1.25em;&quot;&gt;Cabaran:&lt;/span&gt; Tiada rangka kerja yang jelas, mungkin kurangnya tumpuan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Model-model mentoring ini boleh diadaptasi mengikut keperluan dan matlamat khusus program mentoring yang dilaksanakan dalam pelbagai konteks.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8644414194998969297/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8644414194998969297' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8644414194998969297'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8644414194998969297'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2024/01/mentoring.html' title='Mentoring'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8588755563810130173</id><published>2024-01-02T20:40:00.000-08:00</published><updated>2024-01-02T20:40:47.746-08:00</updated><title type='text'>Coaching dan Mentoring</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Coaching dan mentoring adalah dua pendekatan yang berbeza namun sering digunakan untuk membantu pembangunan individu. Meskipun keduanya memberikan sokongan dan bimbingan, terdapat perbezaan utama dalam matlamat, struktur, dan dinamika hubungan. Berikut adalah perbandingan antara coaching dan mentoring:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Coaching:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Matlamat Utama:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Coaching bertujuan untuk meningkatkan prestasi dan hasil dalam jangka pendek. Tumpuannya terutamanya pada peningkatan kemahiran, penyelesaian masalah, atau pencapaian matlamat tertentu.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Struktural:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Struktur coaching lebih formal dan difokuskan pada keperluan prestasi atau peningkatan kemahiran khusus.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Orientasi Pekerjaan:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Coaching cenderung lebih tertumpu pada aspek pekerjaan atau kemahiran tertentu yang berkaitan dengan pekerjaan. Biasanya, proses coaching mempunyai matlamat yang lebih spesifik dan dapat diukur.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Dinamika Masa:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Coaching boleh bersifat singkat dan difokuskan, terutamanya jika ditujukan untuk menangani isu tertentu atau pembangunan kemahiran dalam tempoh waktu yang singkat.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Pembimbing sebagai Pakar:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Coach sering dianggap sebagai pakar dalam bidangnya dan memberikan panduan, maklum balas, dan teknik khusus untuk mencapai matlamat yang ditetapkan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Mentoring:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: list-number 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style: none; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; padding: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Matlamat Utama:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Mentoring bertujuan untuk pembangunan jangka panjang dan pertumbuhan peribadi. Pembimbing memberi bimbingan dan nasihat secara menyeluruh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Lebih Santai:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Struktur mentoring boleh lebih santai dan kurang difokuskan pada keperluan pekerjaan atau kemahiran tertentu. Pembimbing membantu penerima bimbingan untuk berkembang secara menyeluruh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Orientasi Peribadi dan Profesional:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Mentoring boleh melibatkan bimbingan dalam aspek peribadi dan profesional. Tumpuannya lebih terbuka dan umum, merangkumi pertumbuhan individu secara menyeluruh.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Dinamika Masa yang Lebih Panjang:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Mentoring cenderung menjadi hubungan jangka panjang, di mana pembimbing memberi bimbingan kepada penerima bimbingan untuk tempoh masa yang lebih lama untuk memfasilitasi pertumbuhan yang berterusan.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Hubungan Sebagai Rakan Sebaya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Hubungan pembimbing-penerima bimbingan sering lebih seimbang dan saling belajar. Walaupun pembimbing mungkin mempunyai lebih banyak pengalaman, hubungan ini melibatkan pertukaran idea dan pengalaman dari kedua belah pihak.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; counter-increment: list-number 1; display: block; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-bold); font-weight: 600;&quot;&gt;Pentingnya Pembangunan Peribadi:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: flex; flex-direction: column; list-style: disc; margin: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; display: block; margin: 0px; min-height: 28px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Mentoring memberi perhatian kepada pembangunan peribadi secara menyeluruh, termasuk aspek seperti kepimpinan, etika, dan pembangunan karakter.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: var(--tw-prose-headings); font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 1.25em; line-height: 1.6; margin: 1rem 0px 0.5rem; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Kesimpulan:&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px; white-space-collapse: preserve;&quot;&gt;Walaupun terdapat beberapa perbezaan ini, penting untuk diingat bahawa batasan antara coaching dan mentoring boleh menjadi kabur, dan dalam beberapa situasi, elemen-elemen dari kedua-duanya boleh terlibat. Kedua-dua pendekatan ini mempunyai nilai mereka sendiri bergantung pada konteks dan matlamat bimbingan atau sokongan yang diinginkan.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8588755563810130173/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8588755563810130173' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8588755563810130173'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8588755563810130173'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2024/01/coaching-dan-mentoring.html' title='Coaching dan Mentoring'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-4545141572148469899</id><published>2023-08-06T18:34:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-08-06T18:34:27.872-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Empowering excellence and building strong foundations: The crucial role of middle leaders in schools.</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Title: Empowering excellence and building strong foundations: The crucial role of middle leaders in schools.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Introduction:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the realm of education, the focus on leadership is not limited to the principal or headteacher alone. Rather, there exists a cadre of influential individuals known as middle leaders who play a pivotal role in shaping the success of schools. These middle leaders, often heads of departments or coordinators, serve as the bridge between the senior leadership team and the classroom teachers. They are responsible for implementing school policies, driving educational initiatives, and nurturing a culture of excellence and collaboration within their respective departments. This essay delves into the significance of middle leaders in schools and how their expertise contributes to fostering an environment of growth and achievement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;1. The Definition and Characteristics of Middle Leaders:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle leaders are individuals who hold leadership roles within specific departments or subject areas in a school. Their responsibilities encompass a wide range of tasks, including curriculum development, staff management, data analysis, and instructional improvement. Middle leaders possess a unique blend of qualities that make them effective in their roles, such as strong communication skills, instructional expertise, adaptability, and the ability to motivate and inspire their team.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;2. Facilitating Effective Communication:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;One of the primary roles of middle leaders is to facilitate effective communication between the senior leadership team and the teachers. They act as the voice of their department, conveying the needs, concerns, and ideas of their colleagues to the school&#39;s decision-makers. In this capacity, middle leaders help create a collaborative and inclusive school environment where all stakeholders&#39; opinions are considered in shaping the school&#39;s vision and strategic direction.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;3. Implementing School Policies and Initiatives:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle leaders play a vital role in translating the school&#39;s vision and policies into actionable plans within their departments. They ensure that all teachers are aligned with the school&#39;s objectives and that the curriculum is consistently delivered with high standards. By doing so, they contribute to the overall success and achievement of students, ensuring a coherent and progressive learning experience.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;4. Professional Development and Mentorship:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An essential aspect of middle leaders&#39; responsibility is nurturing the growth and development of their team members. They provide ongoing support, mentorship, and professional development opportunities to help teachers refine their instructional strategies and stay updated with the latest educational trends. Through fostering a culture of continuous improvement, middle leaders empower their team to be better educators, ultimately benefiting the students they serve.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;5. Monitoring Progress and Accountability:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle leaders are responsible for tracking the progress and performance of their departments and subject areas. They analyze data, identify trends, and take proactive measures to address any areas of concern. By holding themselves and their team accountable for results, middle leaders contribute to the school&#39;s overall success and improvement, ensuring that students receive a high-quality education.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;6. Building a Collaborative Culture:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle leaders have a unique opportunity to foster a collaborative and positive culture within their departments. By encouraging teamwork, open communication, and sharing best practices, they create an environment where teachers feel supported and empowered to take risks and innovate in their teaching methods. This collaborative culture extends to students, encouraging them to work together, exchange ideas, and grow as learners.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Conclusion:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Middle leaders in schools hold a position of immense influence, acting as the driving force that bridges the gap between senior leadership and classroom teachers. Their role encompasses effective communication, implementation of school policies, mentorship, accountability, and the establishment of a collaborative culture. The collective efforts of middle leaders contribute to creating an environment of excellence, where students thrive, teachers flourish, and the entire school community benefits from a shared vision of educational success. Acknowledging and empowering middle leaders is essential for the sustainable growth and advancement of any school.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/4545141572148469899/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/4545141572148469899' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/4545141572148469899'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/4545141572148469899'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/08/empowering-excellence-and-building.html' title='Empowering excellence and building strong foundations: The crucial role of middle leaders in schools.'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-5147380093915885683</id><published>2023-06-13T03:01:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-13T03:01:38.085-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Top 12 marketing models</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif;&quot;&gt;Source: https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online-business-revenue-models/marketing-models/&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px;&quot;&gt;Our top 12 marketing models&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;The RACE Framework&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;7 Ps of Marketing&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;USP&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;BCG Matrix&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Brand Positioning Map&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Customer Lifetime Value&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Growth Strategy Matrix&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Loyalty Ladder&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;PESTLE&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Porter&#39;s 5 Forces&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;Segmentation Targeting Positioning&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 20px;&quot;&gt;SOSTAC&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;1. The RACE Framework&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Our RACE Framework is a popular marketing structure framework for Startups, SMEs, and international corporations, since it can scale up or down according to your short-term and long-term objectives.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Marketers love using RACE to structure their marketing strategies, since the framework guides marketers through each stage of planning, reaching, acting, converting, and engaging.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Smart Insights Free Members can also download an editable version of our popular&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/insights/create-your-90-day-plan-with-the-race-growth-system/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;RACE Growth System&lt;/a&gt;, a simple structure to put your plans into place using our Opportunity &amp;gt; Strategy &amp;gt; Action model to identify marketing activities for growth at each stage of the funnel.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Race Planning Framework&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-164322 size-full&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;1876&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 2701px) 100vw, 2701px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework.png 2701w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-550x382.png 550w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-700x486.png 700w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-150x104.png 150w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-768x533.png 768w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-1536x1067.png 1536w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-2048x1422.png 2048w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/Race-Planning-Framework-250x174.png 250w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;2701&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;2. 7 Ps of Marketing&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;The&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/how-to-use-the-7ps-marketing-mix/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;7P&#39;s of the Marketing mix model&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;are Product, Price, Place, Promotion, People, Process, and Physical evidence - these elements of the marketing mix form&amp;nbsp;the core tactical components of a marketing plan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-model-600x288.png&quot; rel=&quot;attachment wp-att-4484&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4484&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;288&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/marketing-mix-model-600x288.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; title=&quot;marketing-mix-model&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;I think it&#39;s right this is at the start of the list since it&#39;s still widely used and I think is a simple way to think through how a company markets its products. A good model to explain marketing strategy to someone who isn&#39;t a marketer. But it suffers from a push mentality completely out-of-keeping with modern digital marketing approaches of listening to and engaging customers, such as through social media marketing.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;3. USP&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Unique Selling Proposition is the concept that brands should make it clear to potential buyers why they are different and better than the competition.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;This is a simple concept and an essential message to communicate online since the core brand message often isn&#39;t clear. Digital websites need to define their&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/learning-modules/define-digital-value-proposition/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;digital value proposition&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;well.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;4. Boston Consulting Group Matrix&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;This well-known, essential MBA model categorizes products offered by a business in a portfolio based on their performance rating them as Stars, Cash Cows, Dogs, and Question Marks as below.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/use-bcg-matrix/attachment/the-growth-share-matrix/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;The-Growth-Share-matrix&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-31242 &quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;410&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 381px) 100vw, 381px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix-600x646.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix-600x646.png 600w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix-139x150.png 139w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix-550x592.png 550w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix-250x269.png 250w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/10/The-Growth-Share-matrix.png 1024w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;381&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; list-style-type: none; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-left: 0px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;1. Dogs:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;These are products with low growth or market share.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;2. Question marks or Problem Child:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Products in high growth markets with low market share.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;3. Stars:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Products in high-growth markets with high market share.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 25px; margin-bottom: 10px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;4. Cash cows:&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;Products in low growth markets with high market share&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;I find this isn&#39;t so applicable in the online marketing world for small and medium businesses - it&#39;s more of a Big Business corporate strategy model.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;See Annmarie&#39;s post on the&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/use-bcg-matrix/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; title=&quot;Boston Group Matrix&quot;&gt;BCG Matrix model&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for more details.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;5. Brand positioning map&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;This model allows marketers to visualize a brand’s relative position to competitors in the marketplace by plotting consumer perceptions of the brand and competitor brands against the attributes that drive purchase.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;This is a great concept for understanding how customers see a brand. I can&#39;t recall many descriptions of this being applied online. I have seen it used as part of user-testing though in comparing different websites?&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;The creation of an engaging online brand is so important to success in digital marketing, that&#39;s why we created our&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/guides/brand-positioning-template/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;brand positioning template&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;for Business Members.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;positioning map&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-32826 size-full&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;421&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 357px) 100vw, 357px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/positioningmap.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/positioningmap.png 357w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/positioningmap-127x150.png 127w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/positioningmap-250x294.png 250w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 1px solid black; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;357&quot; /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;6. Customer Lifetime Value marketing models&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Customer Lifetime Value is the concept used to assess what a customer is worth, based on the present value of future revenue attributed to a customer’s relationship with a product.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/lifecycle-model-600x393.png&quot; rel=&quot;attachment wp-att-4481&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-4481 size-medium&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;393&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/lifecycle-model-600x393.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; title=&quot;lifecycle-model&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;A different class of models to others, this is more of calculation model - covered in Chapter 6 of my Internet Marketing Book. CLV is mainly important online for transactional sites and certainly investment decisions like allowable cost per acquisition (CPA) must be taken with future customer purchases and attrition rates considered.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;7. Growth strategy matrix&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;The&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/create-a-marketing-plan/ansoff-model/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; title=&quot;Ansoff Matrix&quot;&gt;Ansoff model&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;is a matrix that can be used to identify alternative growth strategies by looking at present and potential products in current and future markets. The four growth strategies are market penetration, market development, product development, and diversification.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online-business-revenue-models/marketing-models/attachment/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Ansoff matrix model applied to digital marketing&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-65313 size-full&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;541&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing.png 600w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing-150x135.png 150w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing-550x496.png 550w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing-250x225.png 250w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/ansoff-matrix-model-applied-digital-marketing-100x90.png 100w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Ansoff&#39;s model dates back to the 1960s, but I still cover it in the books to show how companies should &quot;think out of the box&quot; with new opportunities for their digital strategies by considering new opportunities for market and product development rather than simply market penetration which misses the opportunities of digital marketing for me.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;8. Loyalty ladder marketing models&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Loyalty models show the steps a person takes before becoming loyal to a brand as they move through the stages of prospect, customer, client, supporter, and advocate. There are a number of different loyalty models, taking slightly different forms, but the key element of loyalty ladders is the demonstration of the value of engaging and retaining current customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Loyalty models are useful as a way of thinking through the opportunities to generate lifetime value.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Loyalty ladders are due credit for their focus on the customer journey before and after their first purchase. Our&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/ecommerce/web-personalisation/what-is-lifecycle-marketing/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;customer lifecycle model&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;charts the customer experience across each stage of RACE: Reach &amp;gt; Act &amp;gt; Convert &amp;gt; Engage.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;As you can see, engagement activity helps move lapsed customers back through the cycle to repeat purchases.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Lifecycle Diagram - Paid earned Owned media&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-163410 size-full&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;1286&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 2437px) 100vw, 2437px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1.png 2437w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-550x290.png 550w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-700x369.png 700w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-150x79.png 150w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-768x405.png 768w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-1536x811.png 1536w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-2048x1081.png 2048w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/09/Lifecycle-Diagram-Paid-earned-Owned-media-1-250x132.png 250w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;2437&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;If you&#39;re looking to perfect your customers&#39; experiences of your brand, our RACE Growth System has a step-by-step checklist to help you plan, manage, and optimize the right marketing activities to engage, convert and reach new customers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Through RACE, you&#39;ll set goals, prioritize strategies, and optimize the marketing models and techniques you need to achieve growth. Download your free guide today and start seeing results in less than 90 days.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;si_rgs_cta_banner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #643465; background-image: url(&amp;quot;../../images/smart/photography/rgs-blog-banner-bg-med.jpg&amp;quot;); background-position: 100% 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; border-radius: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 35px 0px; padding: 30px 35px 35px;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;si_rgs_cta_banner_main_content&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 35px; line-height: 1.2; margin: 0px 0px 15px; max-width: 490px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Create your 90-day plan with the RACE Growth System&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; font-size: 15px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px; max-width: 490px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;Download your free RACE Growth System guide today and unlock our three-step plan of Opportunity, Strategy and Action to grow your business.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;but_2019 section_cta orange&quot; data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/insights/create-your-90-day-plan-with-the-race-growth-system/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: rgb(247, 165, 31); border-radius: 5px; border: none; box-sizing: border-box; color: white; cursor: pointer; display: block; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-weight: 600; margin: 0px auto 0px 0px; max-width: 248px; outline: none; padding: 10px 20px; text-align: center; text-decoration-line: none; text-transform: uppercase; width: 248px;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;DOWNLOAD GUIDE&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;9. PESTLE&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;As an extension of the traditional PEST model, this analysis framework is used to assess the impact of macro-environmental factors on a product or brand - political, economical, social, technological, legal, and economic.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;TBH PESTLE/PEST/DEEPLIST make me groan - to me they&#39;re a text book approach which is far removed from improving results. I find students tend to review these in-depth at the expense of creating innovative strategies.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;However, PESTLE is still widely taught and Annmarie Hanlon is a fan so to explain it&#39;s value to me and others she has this in-depth post on&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/marketing-planning/marketing-models/pestle-analysis-model/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;how to use the PEST or PESTLE model&lt;/a&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;10. Porter’s Five Forces&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;The&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/online-brand-strategy/brand-development/how-to-use-porters-5-forces-model/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; title=&quot;porters 5 forces&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Five forces in Porter&#39;s model&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;are Rivalry, Supplier power, Threat of substitutes, Buyer power, and Barriers to entry and are used to analyze the industry context in which the organization operates.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;Yes this one features in my books and I reference a classic 2001 paper by Porter on applying the Five Forces to the Internet. But, I personally think it has limited practical value - yes we know customers have more bargaining power online. So what?! I also think it under-represents the power of intermediaries like comparison sites and publishers in the online world.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;11. Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;This&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/customer-segmentation-targeting/segmentation-targeting-positioning-model/&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; title=&quot;Segmentation, targeting and positioning&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;three-stage STP process&lt;/a&gt;&amp;nbsp;involves analyzing which distinct customer groups exist and which segment the product best suits before implementing the communications strategy tailored for the chosen target group.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/digital-marketing-strategy/online-business-revenue-models/marketing-models/attachment/segmentation-targeting-positioning-stp-model/&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Segmentation Targeting Positioning STP model&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter wp-image-65329 size-full&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;495&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; sizes=&quot;(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model.png&quot; srcset=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model.png 600w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model-150x124.png 150w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model-550x454.png 550w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model-250x206.png 250w, https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/01/Segmentation-Targeting-Positioning-STP-model-100x83.png 100w&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;blockquote style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-left: 5px solid rgb(238, 238, 238); box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 17.5px; margin: 0px 0px 20px; padding: 10px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;em style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;As a model which is focused on delivering relevant products, services and communications to the customer and so generating value for an organisation, this is essential for every marketer to understand and apply in practice.&lt;/em&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/blockquote&gt;&lt;h3 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #323232; font-family: &amp;quot;Source Sans Pro&amp;quot;, Helvetica, Arial, sans-serif; font-size: 25px; line-height: 1.2; margin-bottom: 20px; margin-top: 20px;&quot;&gt;12. PR Smith&#39;s SOSTAC® model&lt;/h3&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;This acronym stands for Situation, Objectives, Strategy, Tactics, Actions, Control and is a framework used when creating marketing plans.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a rel=&quot;attachment wp-att-4480&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac; text-decoration-line: underline !important;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;aligncenter size-medium wp-image-4480&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;458&quot; loading=&quot;lazy&quot; src=&quot;https://www.smartinsights.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/03/sostac-model-600x458.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; display: block; height: auto; margin: 0px auto 20px; max-width: 100%; vertical-align: middle;&quot; title=&quot;sostac-model&quot; width=&quot;600&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;I&#39;m a big fan of using PR Smith&#39;s&amp;nbsp;&lt;a data-wpel-link=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;http://www.prsmith.org/sostac&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer nofollow external&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;SOSTAC&lt;/a&gt;®&amp;nbsp;model as a way of planning and implementing strategies. It features in all my books and I know Paul Smith, who created it&amp;nbsp;well - he&#39;s my co-author on Emarketing Excellence.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box; font-weight: 700;&quot;&gt;Marketing models and references&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;Our RACE Growth System was created by Dr. Dave Chaffey and Stuart Miller the co-founders of Smart Insights.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;This brand-new resource responds to the real marketing challenges our members are facing today, and provides Free Members with tools and advice to rapidly create a 90-day marketing plan. Anybody can join Smart Insights as a Free Member, you&#39;ll get access to the RACE Growth System plus other recommended free guides and templates to upskill your marketing.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; line-height: 1.5; margin: 0px 0px 20px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; box-sizing: border-box;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;si_rgs_cta_banner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #643465; background-image: url(&amp;quot;../../images/smart/photography/rgs-blog-banner-bg-med.jpg&amp;quot;); background-position: 100% 0px; background-repeat: no-repeat; background-size: cover; border-radius: 6px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #595959; font-family: Helvetica, sans-serif; font-size: 18px; margin: 35px 0px; padding: 30px 35px 35px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;PR Smith (2020)&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a data-saferedirecturl=&quot;https://www.google.com/url?q=https://www.amazon.co.uk/SOSTAC-Guide-Perfect-Digital-Marketing/dp/0956106862/ref%3Dpd_sbs_14_1/259-6857037-2105807?_encoding%3DUTF8%26pd_rd_i%3D0956106862%26pd_rd_r%3D9bbeef17-9db3-458e-ae9b-4fe14840ce83%26pd_rd_w%3DuXanM%26pd_rd_wg%3DCPboe%26pf_rd_p%3D2773aa8e-42c5-4dbe-bda8-5cdf226aa078%26pf_rd_r%3DCN4W0JWTT191B6TGZ084%26psc%3D1%26refRID%3DCN4W0JWTT191B6TGZ084&amp;amp;source=gmail&amp;amp;ust=1595265757772000&amp;amp;usg=AFQjCNFJpKtQ26HnHGdF38DqoJk49vFW4Q&quot; data-wpel-link=&quot;external&quot; href=&quot;https://www.amazon.co.uk/SOSTAC-Guide-Perfect-Digital-Marketing/dp/0956106862/ref=pd_sbs_14_1/259-6857037-2105807?_encoding=UTF8&amp;amp;pd_rd_i=0956106862&amp;amp;pd_rd_r=9bbeef17-9db3-458e-ae9b-4fe14840ce83&amp;amp;pd_rd_w=uXanM&amp;amp;pd_rd_wg=CPboe&amp;amp;pf_rd_p=2773aa8e-42c5-4dbe-bda8-5cdf226aa078&amp;amp;pf_rd_r=CN4W0JWTT191B6TGZ084&amp;amp;psc=1&amp;amp;refRID=CN4W0JWTT191B6TGZ084&quot; rel=&quot;noopener noreferrer nofollow external&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: 0px 0px; box-sizing: border-box; color: #026bac;&quot; target=&quot;_blank&quot;&gt;SOSTAC®&amp;nbsp;Guide to your Perfect Digital Marketing Plan&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: white;&quot;&gt;, Amazon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/5147380093915885683/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/5147380093915885683' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/5147380093915885683'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/5147380093915885683'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/06/top-12-marketing-models.html' title='Top 12 marketing models'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-2373685783351773302</id><published>2023-06-13T02:55:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-13T02:55:28.345-07:00</updated><title type='text'>RACE MODEL DALAM PERANCANGAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTHefebv6ZcuXcbcRCIBbJ6iTTRp3CPZkao2AFexBa9MMs5tDv3SKDWXD_1wvYBdEsEDSzlQdl5BwZgzKoPPuIae8Wo1veySv61-Y6pbSErV5XXR4VicQMh_0OMk0fYvB0rUc4yudOArR5axk-0s1CPb4l1PNq-6vSMlMgU9Au7m0ldgNGyk6GKyLP4w/s2048/Race-Planning-Framework-2048x1422.png&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1422&quot; data-original-width=&quot;2048&quot; height=&quot;372&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTHefebv6ZcuXcbcRCIBbJ6iTTRp3CPZkao2AFexBa9MMs5tDv3SKDWXD_1wvYBdEsEDSzlQdl5BwZgzKoPPuIae8Wo1veySv61-Y6pbSErV5XXR4VicQMh_0OMk0fYvB0rUc4yudOArR5axk-0s1CPb4l1PNq-6vSMlMgU9Au7m0ldgNGyk6GKyLP4w/w536-h372/Race-Planning-Framework-2048x1422.png&quot; width=&quot;536&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/2373685783351773302/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/2373685783351773302' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/2373685783351773302'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/2373685783351773302'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/06/race-model-dalam-perancangan.html' title='RACE MODEL DALAM PERANCANGAN'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgTHefebv6ZcuXcbcRCIBbJ6iTTRp3CPZkao2AFexBa9MMs5tDv3SKDWXD_1wvYBdEsEDSzlQdl5BwZgzKoPPuIae8Wo1veySv61-Y6pbSErV5XXR4VicQMh_0OMk0fYvB0rUc4yudOArR5axk-0s1CPb4l1PNq-6vSMlMgU9Au7m0ldgNGyk6GKyLP4w/s72-w536-h372-c/Race-Planning-Framework-2048x1422.png" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3507368666749883104</id><published>2023-06-09T16:17:00.007-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-09T16:21:47.295-07:00</updated><title type='text'>ADDIE MODEL in Instructional Design</title><content type='html'>&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvCUOoVg9Afz4FcJAW3BxpKHHPeD76kbvLlJv9LsKsCP1ntVAUBbZanRqsXb7kby6D_z3X-vFBdQV7BLgLhQGsiQDWCu2tQhc9BXyaYPawWPdMbIy0xzRblpoo1-HeoeBC1tPEwQS5Kb5fhzbN_Abe7u7kyqgPhhgk-OxjAETELb5bvw4CFOXuh3laNw/s1200/ADDIE-Model-New.webp&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;627&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1200&quot; height=&quot;315&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvCUOoVg9Afz4FcJAW3BxpKHHPeD76kbvLlJv9LsKsCP1ntVAUBbZanRqsXb7kby6D_z3X-vFBdQV7BLgLhQGsiQDWCu2tQhc9BXyaYPawWPdMbIy0xzRblpoo1-HeoeBC1tPEwQS5Kb5fhzbN_Abe7u7kyqgPhhgk-OxjAETELb5bvw4CFOXuh3laNw/w604-h315/ADDIE-Model-New.webp&quot; width=&quot;604&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;SOURCE:&amp;nbsp;https://www.aihr.com/blog/addie-model/#Advantages&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;What is the ADDIE model?&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ADDIE is a leading learning development model used for instructional design, which is the complete process of designing, developing, and serving learning content. The model is often used to design training and learning &amp;amp; development programs in organizations.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;ADDIE stands for:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analyze&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Design&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Develop&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Implement&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evaluate&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;These are the five stages of the learning development process. ADDIE training model provides a streamlined, structured framework that helps you create an effective learning product, whether that’s delivered through an online or offline training program, a coaching session, a presentation, or an information booklet.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Advantages and disadvantages of the ADDIE model&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Although it is considered a leading learning development model, there are multiple advantages and disadvantages of the ADDIE model, as with all models.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Advantages of the ADDIE Model&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adaptability – ADDIE instructional design model is highly adaptable and can be used across industries, disciplines, and learning environments. It can be tailored for different scale projects as well as individual or group learning.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Consistency – ADDIE model of training provides a structured approach to instructional design, which can boost efficiency and consistency in the quality of course development.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Iteration opportunities – ADDIE is an iterative model, which means it allows for feedback and changes at each stage of development to ensure the final product meets the desired learning objectives.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evaluation component – There is an evaluation component to the ADDIE model that allows businesses to measure the effectiveness of the instructional content. That is useful in identifying key areas of improvement for future iterations.&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Disadvantages of the ADDIE Model&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Linear process – The ADDIE method follows a linear process that may not be flexible or creative enough to address complex learning needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Being resource-intensive – Using the ADDIE model for instructional design can be a lengthy process that also requires significant resources. It may be challenging for smaller organizations with fewer resources to implement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lack of emphasis on user experience – While organizations have been increasingly focusing on digital employee experience, including in training, the ADDIE model doesn’t have a strong focus on user experience. That can lead to unengaging instruction and poor learning outcomes for employees.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The 5 phases of the ADDIE model&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let’s take a closer look at the 5 phases of the ADDIE model of instructional design: Analyze, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Analyze&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the Analyze phase of the ADDIE process, the first task is to identify the problem you’re trying to solve. For example, maybe it’s poor sales, a non-inclusive culture, or a lack of skills to move to a more digitized organization. From here, you can identify the core business problem and decide whether it can be solved through effective training, or if other organizational development interventions will be more effective. Instructional designers also need to determine and manage stakeholders’ needs.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Some helpful questions to ask are:&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3507368666749883104/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3507368666749883104' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3507368666749883104'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3507368666749883104'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/06/addie-model-in-instructional-design.html' title='ADDIE MODEL in Instructional Design'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhvCUOoVg9Afz4FcJAW3BxpKHHPeD76kbvLlJv9LsKsCP1ntVAUBbZanRqsXb7kby6D_z3X-vFBdQV7BLgLhQGsiQDWCu2tQhc9BXyaYPawWPdMbIy0xzRblpoo1-HeoeBC1tPEwQS5Kb5fhzbN_Abe7u7kyqgPhhgk-OxjAETELb5bvw4CFOXuh3laNw/s72-w604-h315-c/ADDIE-Model-New.webp" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-7400215846066967200</id><published>2023-06-09T16:13:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-09T16:13:44.989-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Context Input Process Product (CIPP) Model</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #efefef; color: #2e2f30; font-family: Inter; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The CIPP evaluation model is a widely used framework for evaluating programs and projects. CIPP stands for Context, Input, Process, and Product, representing the four dimensions of evaluation. Developed by Daniel Stufflebeam, this model provides a comprehensive approach to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of interventions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #efefef; color: #2e2f30; font-family: Inter; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 16px;&quot;&gt;Let&#39;s break down each component of the CIPP evaluation model:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #efefef; color: #2e2f30; font-family: Inter; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 16px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; list-style: disc; margin: 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin: 16px 0px;&quot;&gt;Context Evaluation: This dimension focuses on understanding the environmental and organizational factors that surround the program or project. It involves assessing the needs, values, and expectations of stakeholders, as well as identifying any constraints or opportunities that may impact the intervention&#39;s success.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; list-style: disc; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin: 16px 0px;&quot;&gt;Input Evaluation: This dimension examines the resources and inputs allocated to the program. It involves evaluating the adequacy and appropriateness of the resources, such as funding, personnel, infrastructure, and materials, in relation to the desired outcomes. Input evaluation helps determine if the necessary inputs are available to support the program.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; list-style: disc; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin: 16px 0px;&quot;&gt;Process Evaluation: This dimension assesses the implementation of the program or project. It examines how activities and strategies are carried out, the fidelity of implementation, and the quality of program delivery. Process evaluation helps identify strengths and weaknesses in the execution of the intervention and provides insights into the factors influencing its success or failure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; list-style: disc; margin: 0.25em 0px 0px; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin: 16px 0px;&quot;&gt;Product Evaluation: This dimension focuses on evaluating the outcomes and impacts of the program or project. It examines whether the desired goals and objectives have been achieved and to what extent. Product evaluation involves assessing the effectiveness, efficiency, and sustainability of the intervention, as well as its unintended consequences or side effects.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #efefef; color: #2e2f30; font-family: Inter; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 16px;&quot;&gt;By examining these four dimensions in a systematic and holistic manner, the CIPP evaluation model provides a comprehensive understanding of the program or project under review. It helps stakeholders make informed decisions, improve program design and implementation, and ensure accountability and continuous improvement.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #efefef; color: #2e2f30; font-family: Inter; font-size: 14px; margin: 0px 0px 16px;&quot;&gt;It&#39;s worth noting that while the CIPP evaluation model is widely used and provides a structured approach to evaluation, there are various other evaluation models and frameworks available, each with its own strengths and focuses. The choice of evaluation model depends on the specific needs and context of the evaluation.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/7400215846066967200/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/7400215846066967200' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7400215846066967200'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7400215846066967200'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/06/context-input-process-product-cipp-model.html' title='Context Input Process Product (CIPP) Model'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3828630748012704963</id><published>2023-06-04T23:28:00.007-07:00</published><updated>2023-06-04T23:32:36.050-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="#Trachtenberg"/><title type='text'>Trachtenberg system</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&quot;&quot; class=&quot;BLOG_video_class&quot; height=&quot;266&quot; src=&quot;https://www.youtube.com/embed/1wg6txq5UbA&quot; width=&quot;320&quot; youtube-src-id=&quot;1wg6txq5UbA&quot;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ENZkspycrHA&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;The&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;Trachtenberg system&lt;/b&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;is a system of rapid&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mental_calculation&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; title=&quot;Mental calculation&quot;&gt;mental calculation&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;. The system consists of a number of readily memorized operations that allow one to perform arithmetic computations very quickly. It was developed by the Russian engineer&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakow_Trachtenberg&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; title=&quot;Jakow Trachtenberg&quot;&gt;Jakow Trachtenberg&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;in order to keep his mind occupied while being in a&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazi_concentration_camp&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-image: none; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; title=&quot;Nazi concentration camp&quot;&gt;Nazi concentration camp&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;background-color: white; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;The rest of this article presents some methods devised by Trachtenberg. Some of the algorithms Trachtenberg developed are ones for general multiplication, division and addition. Also, the Trachtenberg system includes some specialised methods for multiplying small numbers between 5 and 13 (but shown here is 2–12).&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;The section on addition demonstrates an effective method of checking calculations that can also be applied to&amp;nbsp;&lt;b style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;multiplication&lt;/b&gt;.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: &amp;quot;Linux Libertine&amp;quot;, Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.375; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;General_multiplication.2C_Trachtenberg_math_theory&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mw-headline&quot; id=&quot;General_multiplication,_Trachtenberg_math_theory&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;General multiplication, Trachtenberg math theory&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;h2 style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border-bottom: 1px solid rgb(162, 169, 177); font-family: &amp;quot;Linux Libertine&amp;quot;, Georgia, Times, serif; font-weight: normal; line-height: 1.375; margin: 1em 0px 0.25em; overflow: hidden; padding: 0px;&quot;&gt;The method for general multiplication is a method to achieve multiplications&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;a\times b&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/65b420244850c1a22be4c326f91e146db8b037f0&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.068ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;with low space complexity, i.e. as few temporary results as possible to be kept in memory. This is achieved by noting that the final digit is completely determined by multiplying the last digit of the&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;mw-redirect&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplicand&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot; title=&quot;Multiplicand&quot;&gt;multiplicands&lt;/a&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;. This is held as a temporary result. To find the next to last digit, we need everything that influences this digit: The temporary result, the last digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;a&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1.676ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.23ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;times the next-to-last digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;b&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 0.998ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;, as well as the next-to-last digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;a&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ffd2487510aa438433a2579450ab2b3d557e5edc&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1.676ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.23ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;times the last digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;b&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f11423fbb2e967f986e36804a8ae4271734917c3&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 0.998ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;sans-serif&quot; style=&quot;color: #202122; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;. This calculation is performed, and we have a temporary result that is correct in the final two digits.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/h2&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;In general, for each position&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle n}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;n&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/a601995d55609f2d9f5e233e36fbe9ea26011b3b&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 1.676ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.395ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;in the final result, we sum for all&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle i}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;i&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/add78d8608ad86e54951b8c8bd6c8d8416533d20&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 0.802ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle a{\text{ (digit at }}i{\text{ )}}\times b{\text{ (digit at }}(n-i){\text{)}}.}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;nbsp;(digit at&amp;nbsp;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;nbsp;)&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;nbsp;(digit at&amp;nbsp;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;(&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo&gt;−&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mo stretchy=&quot;false&quot;&gt;)&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;)&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;mo&gt;.&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;a{\text{ (digit at }}i{\text{ )}}\times b{\text{ (digit at }}(n-i){\text{)}}.&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b226ad2eff242ffdbe9cf0c827081dbfee8dacea&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.843ex; vertical-align: -0.838ex; width: 34.488ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;People can learn this algorithm and thus multiply four-digit numbers in their head – writing down only the final result. They would write it out starting with the rightmost digit and finishing with the leftmost.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;Trachtenberg defined this algorithm with a kind of pairwise multiplication where two digits are multiplied by one digit, essentially only keeping the middle digit of the result. By performing the above algorithm with this pairwise multiplication, even fewer temporary results need to be held.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;b style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;Example:&lt;/b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 123456\times 789}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;123456&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;789&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;123456\times 789&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/b84908593f7fe1ef0e2b16920bd3db3c40b9246b&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; margin: 0px; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 13.302ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;To find the first (rightmost) digit of the answer, start at the first digit of the multiplicand:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 6\ is\ 4.}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mi&gt;�&lt;/mi&gt;&lt;mtext&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/mtext&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4.&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 6\ is\ 4.}&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/797c56f16baad37bc2d2b5dcc34be38b5e690c58&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 10.029ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The first digit of the answer is&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 4}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;4&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/295b4bf1de7cd3500e740e0f4f0635db22d87b42&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;. The tens digit&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/29483407999b8763f0ea335cf715a6a5e809f44b&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;is ignored.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.16px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-first_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; data-file-height=&quot;200&quot; data-file-width=&quot;400&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/2FingerMethod-first_digit.png/220px-2FingerMethod-first_digit.png&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/ff/2FingerMethod-first_digit.png/330px-2FingerMethod-first_digit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/ff/2FingerMethod-first_digit.png 2x&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; font-size: 12.3704px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-first_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: url(&amp;quot;/w/resources/src/mediawiki.skinning/images/magnify-clip-ltr.svg?8330e&amp;quot;); color: #3366cc; display: block; height: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Pointers for the first digit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;To find the second digit of the answer, start at the second digit of the multiplicand:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48a958a139510585e457b216a7bb0eb6f8afea4e&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/2b28914ad3a0b20743bc6bf6fb0851bd46cca5af&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8\times 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8\times 6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be6026b4c262344ce964c5087d72d542195dd27b&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 5+5+8=18}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;18&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;5+5+8=18&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/4cc7372719336f8c9f2a692472932d57f02f68e5&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.343ex; vertical-align: -0.505ex; width: 14.592ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The second digit of the answer is&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/1aaa997e6ad67716cfaa9a02c4df860bf60a95b5&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and carry&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 1}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;1&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to the third digit.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.16px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-second_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; data-file-height=&quot;200&quot; data-file-width=&quot;400&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/2FingerMethod-second_digit.png/220px-2FingerMethod-second_digit.png&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/2FingerMethod-second_digit.png/330px-2FingerMethod-second_digit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/df/2FingerMethod-second_digit.png 2x&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; font-size: 12.3704px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-second_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: url(&amp;quot;/w/resources/src/mediawiki.skinning/images/magnify-clip-ltr.svg?8330e&amp;quot;); color: #3366cc; display: block; height: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Pointers for the second digit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;To find the third digit of the answer, start at the third digit of the multiplicand:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 4}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 4&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54f62e6a05787ddb6d61640005b2466b3e6b4fd3&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/48a958a139510585e457b216a7bb0eb6f8afea4e&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8\times 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8\times 5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9ae4eabb2d74b7c32ef312d5819a5999f0497451&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8\times 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8\times 6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/be6026b4c262344ce964c5087d72d542195dd27b&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 7\times 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;7\times 6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/136f00defedf1c98e37e2f4caca76be56a148749&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 1+6+4+0+4+2=17}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;0&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;17&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;{\displaystyle 1+6+4+0+4+2=17}&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/f1f9d508293bc1cc69ef04d4d5a7814cae06c4cb&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.343ex; vertical-align: -0.505ex; width: 26.6ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The third digit of the answer is&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 7}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;7&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/ee716ec61382a6b795092c0edd859d12e64cbba8&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and carry&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 1}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;1&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/92d98b82a3778f043108d4e20960a9193df57cbf&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to the next digit.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.16px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-third_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; data-file-height=&quot;200&quot; data-file-width=&quot;400&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2FingerMethod-third_digit.png/220px-2FingerMethod-third_digit.png&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/e/e1/2FingerMethod-third_digit.png/330px-2FingerMethod-third_digit.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/e/e1/2FingerMethod-third_digit.png 2x&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; font-size: 12.3704px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod-third_digit.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: url(&amp;quot;/w/resources/src/mediawiki.skinning/images/magnify-clip-ltr.svg?8330e&amp;quot;); color: #3366cc; display: block; height: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Pointers for the third digit&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;To find the fourth digit of the answer, start at the fourth digit of the multiplicand:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;dl style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin-bottom: 0.5em; margin-top: 0.2em;&quot;&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 3}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 3&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/fbed7ae049a061cbc0356f43ecd170a54e68e654&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 9\times 4}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;9&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;9\times 4&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/54f62e6a05787ddb6d61640005b2466b3e6b4fd3&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8\times 4}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8\times 4&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c77051b4f2dbd1ff7987289a68aca4b68a7f4ee8&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 8\times 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;8&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;8\times 5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/9ae4eabb2d74b7c32ef312d5819a5999f0497451&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The units digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 7\times 5}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;7\times 5&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/3d0f1eaa625282f3245f738c80485d842bcc4a08&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;plus the tens digit of&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 7\times 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;×&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;7\times 6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/136f00defedf1c98e37e2f4caca76be56a148749&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 5.165ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 1+7+3+2+4+5+4=26}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;1&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;7&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;3&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;5&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;+&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;4&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;mo&gt;=&lt;/mo&gt;&lt;mn&gt;26&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;{\displaystyle 1+7+3+2+4+5+4=26}&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/c0aad0799d962bf0634b537f1316c5816aa421ac&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.343ex; vertical-align: -0.505ex; width: 30.603ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;carried from the third digit.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;dd style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; margin-bottom: 0.1em; margin-left: 1.6em; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;The fourth digit of the answer is&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 6}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;6&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;6&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/39d81124420a058a7474dfeda48228fb6ee1e253&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;and carry&amp;nbsp;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-element&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0;&quot;&gt;&lt;span class=&quot;mwe-math-mathml-inline mwe-math-mathml-a11y&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; clip: rect(1px, 1px, 1px, 1px); display: none; font-size: 16.52px; height: 1px; opacity: 0; overflow: hidden; position: absolute; width: 1px;&quot;&gt;&lt;math alttext=&quot;{\displaystyle 2}&quot; xmlns=&quot;http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML&quot;&gt;&lt;semantics&gt;&lt;mrow class=&quot;MJX-TeXAtom-ORD&quot;&gt;&lt;mstyle displaystyle=&quot;true&quot; scriptlevel=&quot;0&quot;&gt;&lt;mn&gt;2&lt;/mn&gt;&lt;/mstyle&gt;&lt;/mrow&gt;&lt;/semantics&gt;&lt;/math&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;2&quot; aria-hidden=&quot;true&quot; class=&quot;mwe-math-fallback-image-inline&quot; src=&quot;https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/media/math/render/svg/901fc910c19990d0dbaaefe4726ceb1a4e217a0f&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; display: inline-block; height: 2.176ex; vertical-align: -0.338ex; width: 1.162ex;&quot; /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&amp;nbsp;to the next digit.&lt;/dd&gt;&lt;/dl&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;Continue with the same method to obtain the remaining digits.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.16px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Two headed arrows drawn from each digit of the multiplier to two digits of the multiplicand&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; data-file-height=&quot;200&quot; data-file-width=&quot;400&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2FingerMethod.png/220px-2FingerMethod.png&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a3/2FingerMethod.png/330px-2FingerMethod.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/2FingerMethod.png 2x&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; font-size: 12.3704px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:2FingerMethod.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: url(&amp;quot;/w/resources/src/mediawiki.skinning/images/magnify-clip-ltr.svg?8330e&amp;quot;); color: #3366cc; display: block; height: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;2 Finger method&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;Trachtenberg called this the 2 Finger Method. The calculations for finding the fourth digit from the example above are illustrated at right. The arrow from the nine will always point to the digit of the multiplicand directly above the digit of the answer you wish to find, with the other arrows each pointing one digit to the right. Each arrow head points to a UT Pair, or Product Pair. The vertical arrow points to the product where we will get the Units digit, and the sloping arrow points to the product where we will get the Tens digits of the Product Pair. If an arrow points to a space with no digit there is no calculation for that arrow. As you solve for each digit you will move each of the arrows over the multiplicand one digit to the left until all of the arrows point to prefixed zeros.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: both; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px;&quot;&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumb tright&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; clear: right; color: #202122; float: right; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px 1.3em 1.4em; width: auto;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbinner&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f8f9fa; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); font-size: 13.16px; min-width: 100px; overflow: hidden; padding: 3px; text-align: center; width: 222px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;image&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trachtenberg_Division.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background: none; color: #3366cc; overflow-wrap: break-word; text-decoration-line: none;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;Setup for division using Trachtenberg Method&quot; class=&quot;thumbimage&quot; data-file-height=&quot;300&quot; data-file-width=&quot;600&quot; decoding=&quot;async&quot; height=&quot;110&quot; src=&quot;https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Trachtenberg_Division.png/220px-Trachtenberg_Division.png&quot; srcset=&quot;//upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Trachtenberg_Division.png/330px-Trachtenberg_Division.png 1.5x, //upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d5/Trachtenberg_Division.png/440px-Trachtenberg_Division.png 2x&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; border: 1px solid rgb(200, 204, 209); vertical-align: middle;&quot; width=&quot;220&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;thumbcaption&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px; font-size: 12.3704px; line-height: 1.4em; padding: 3px; text-align: left;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;magnify&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; float: right; margin-left: 3px; margin-right: 0px;&quot;&gt;&lt;a class=&quot;internal&quot; href=&quot;https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Trachtenberg_Division.png&quot; style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-size: initial; background: url(&amp;quot;/w/resources/src/mediawiki.skinning/images/magnify-clip-ltr.svg?8330e&amp;quot;); color: #3366cc; display: block; height: 11px; overflow-wrap: break-word; overflow: hidden; text-decoration-line: none; text-indent: 15px; user-select: none; white-space: nowrap; width: 15px;&quot; title=&quot;Enlarge&quot;&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;Setting up for Division&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgb(59 130 246 / .5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 #0000; --tw-shadow: 0 0 #0000; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: white; color: #202122; font-family: sans-serif; font-size: 14px; margin: 0.5em 0px;&quot;&gt;Division in the Trachtenberg System is done much the same as in multiplication but with subtraction instead of addition. Splitting the dividend into smaller Partial Dividends, then dividing this Partial Dividend by only the left-most digit of the divisor will provide the answer one digit at a time. As you solve each digit of the answer you then subtract Product Pairs (UT pairs) and also NT pairs (Number-Tens) from the Partial Dividend to find the next Partial Dividend. The Product Pairs are found between the digits of the answer so far and the divisor. If a subtraction results in a negative number you have to back up one digit and reduce that digit of the answer by one. With enough practice this method can be done in your head.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3828630748012704963/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3828630748012704963' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3828630748012704963'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3828630748012704963'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/06/trachtenberg-system.html' title='Trachtenberg system'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://img.youtube.com/vi/1wg6txq5UbA/default.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-448834977121085515</id><published>2023-05-21T20:56:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-21T20:56:45.657-07:00</updated><title type='text'>to my dear friend</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px;&quot;&gt;&quot;Remember, dear writer, your words have the potential to touch lives, evoke emotions, and create a lasting impact. Keep writing, and let your voice be heard.&quot;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/448834977121085515/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/448834977121085515' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/448834977121085515'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/448834977121085515'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/to-my-dear-friend.html' title='to my dear friend'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8427876105972643446</id><published>2023-05-21T20:47:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-21T20:52:23.397-07:00</updated><title type='text'>MOTIVASI UNTUK DIRI</title><content type='html'>&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;&quot;Your work is going to fill a large part of your life, and the only way to be truly satisfied is to do what you believe is great work. And the only way to do great work is to love what you do.&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;(&quot;Pekerjaanmu akan memenuhi sebagian besar hidupmu, dan satu-satunya cara untuk benar-benar puas adalah melakukan apa yang kamu anggap sebagai pekerjaan hebat. Dan satu-satunya cara untuk melakukan pekerjaan hebat adalah mencintai apa yang kamu lakukan.&quot;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: large;&quot;&gt;- Steve Jobs&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPTsC-Khti4w5chQ_Bwitbi5z0wTY-NR9kL_MvaahSoc8UtVL3VGUJCQ_WqkzbQ1XzaufRGPXJlsUaiq_35jkbDJqCeoz0uEga0U147OqCvDj1XM1eHcuC2AWKgFKkBTxmIg-df-_YVovNSlEsQiHGjUIbifq48OdYlLVutYzNXkCTDkldbrSFx7Z3w/s4096/IMG_20210619_143801.jpg&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;2304&quot; data-original-width=&quot;4096&quot; height=&quot;421&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPTsC-Khti4w5chQ_Bwitbi5z0wTY-NR9kL_MvaahSoc8UtVL3VGUJCQ_WqkzbQ1XzaufRGPXJlsUaiq_35jkbDJqCeoz0uEga0U147OqCvDj1XM1eHcuC2AWKgFKkBTxmIg-df-_YVovNSlEsQiHGjUIbifq48OdYlLVutYzNXkCTDkldbrSFx7Z3w/w625-h421/IMG_20210619_143801.jpg&quot; width=&quot;625&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp; &amp;nbsp;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span face=&quot;Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&quot;Dream big and dare to fail.&quot; &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;(&quot;Mimpikan yang besar dan berani gagal.&quot;)&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;span face=&quot;Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;&quot; style=&quot;background-color: #f7f7f8; color: #374151; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: x-large;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;text-align: left;&quot;&gt;-  &lt;/span&gt;Norman Vaughan&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8427876105972643446/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8427876105972643446' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8427876105972643446'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8427876105972643446'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/motivasi-untuk-diri.html' title='MOTIVASI UNTUK DIRI'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiBPTsC-Khti4w5chQ_Bwitbi5z0wTY-NR9kL_MvaahSoc8UtVL3VGUJCQ_WqkzbQ1XzaufRGPXJlsUaiq_35jkbDJqCeoz0uEga0U147OqCvDj1XM1eHcuC2AWKgFKkBTxmIg-df-_YVovNSlEsQiHGjUIbifq48OdYlLVutYzNXkCTDkldbrSFx7Z3w/s72-w625-h421-c/IMG_20210619_143801.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-8707880113387494301</id><published>2023-05-20T07:06:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-20T07:06:44.136-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Fearbased leadership:pro and Cons </title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Here are some of the pros and cons of fear-based leadership:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Pros:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can produce short-term results.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can help to maintain order and discipline.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can deter employees from making mistakes.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Cons:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It creates a culture of distrust and anxiety.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can lead to burnout.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can damage employee morale.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It can lead to employees being less creative and innovative.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Overall, fear-based leadership is an ineffective and unsustainable leadership style. It may produce short-term results, but it will ultimately lead to a decrease in productivity, creativity, and employee engagement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Here are some additional details about the pros and cons of fear-based leadership:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Pros:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Short-term results:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can produce short-term results because it can motivate employees to avoid punishment or negative consequences. For example, an employee who is afraid of being fired may be more likely to meet deadlines or complete tasks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Order and discipline:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can help to maintain order and discipline in the workplace. For example, an employee who is afraid of being yelled at or reprimanded may be more likely to follow the rules and regulations.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Deterrent to mistakes:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can deter employees from making mistakes. For example, an employee who is afraid of being punished for making a mistake may be more careful in their work.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Cons:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Culture of distrust and anxiety:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership creates a culture of distrust and anxiety in the workplace. Employees who are constantly afraid of making mistakes or being punished will be less likely to take risks or be innovative. This can lead to a decrease in productivity and creativity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Burnout:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can lead to burnout. Employees who are constantly under pressure to perform will eventually become exhausted and less productive. This can lead to health problems, absenteeism, and turnover.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Damaged employee morale:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can damage employee morale. Employees who feel like they are not trusted or respected will be less likely to be engaged in their work. This can lead to a decrease in productivity, creativity, and innovation.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: 700; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Less creative and innovative:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt; Fear-based leadership can lead to employees being less creative and innovative. Employees who are constantly afraid of making mistakes will be less likely to take risks or try new things. This can stifle innovation and prevent the organization from reaching its full potential.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto; line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-top: 12pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-position: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Overall, fear-based leadership is an ineffective and unsustainable leadership style. It may produce short-term results, but it will ultimately lead to a decrease in productivity, creativity, and employee engagement.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br style=&quot;-webkit-text-size-adjust: auto;&quot; /&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/8707880113387494301/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/8707880113387494301' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8707880113387494301'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/8707880113387494301'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/fearbased-leadershippro-and-cons.html' title='Fearbased leadership:pro and Cons '/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3685577725302165978</id><published>2023-05-19T01:06:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-19T01:06:15.759-07:00</updated><title type='text'>teacher of future</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;In the realm of education, a visionary arises,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The teacher of the future, with innovative surprises,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Embracing technology, breaking old barriers,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guiding students on paths to becoming knowledge carriers.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No longer confined to traditional walls,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They transcend boundaries, answering new calls,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Using digital tools, fostering virtual connections,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Creating engaging lessons, sparking intellectual reflections.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The teacher of the future, a facilitator of learning,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Encouraging curiosity, igniting minds that are yearning,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They nurture critical thinking and creativity,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Empowering students to shape their own destiny.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the classroom, they cultivate a collaborative space,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where students become active participants in the chase,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Together, they explore, experiment, and inquire,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Unleashing their potential, setting their minds on fire.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The teacher of the future, a lifelong learner too,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Adapting to changes, embracing what is new,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They stay abreast of knowledge and trends,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Evolving their craft, inspiring their students till the end.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With empathy and compassion, they understand,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The diverse needs of every student in their hand,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;They celebrate uniqueness, foster inclusivity,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Creating an environment of equality and unity.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Beyond academics, they teach life skills,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Resilience, empathy, and values that fulfill,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Preparing students for a world unknown,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Equipping them to thrive, standing on their own.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oh, teacher of the future, your impact is profound,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shaping generations, making knowledge abound,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With passion and dedication, you pave the way,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For a brighter future, where students will sway.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So, let us honor and embrace this teacher of might,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For they hold the key to a future so bright,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;May their wisdom and guidance continue to endure,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As they shape the minds and hearts of the future.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3685577725302165978/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3685577725302165978' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3685577725302165978'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3685577725302165978'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/teacher-of-future.html' title='teacher of future'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3567736415579116717</id><published>2023-05-19T01:04:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-19T01:04:36.349-07:00</updated><title type='text'>SAJAK 2</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Sajak Hari Guru, Pemberi yang Setia&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guruku, pemberi yang setia, ikhlas dan jujur,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bijak dan penuh cinta, teladan yang terhormat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engkau menjelma pelita, menerangi jiwa-jiwa,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Membimbing kami melewati gelapnya dunia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam tiap hari-hari, engkau hadir bersama,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menyebarkan ilmu, membuka pintu hati yang terkunci.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Tak lelah mengajar, menerangkan yang tak terbayangkan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engkau sungguh guru yang sejati, tanpa batas pengorbanan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bijaksana kata-katamu, hikmah tak terhingga,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Memupuk bakat, mengasah potensi yang terpendam.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam setiap bimbingan, engkau tanamkan nilai-nilai,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kejujuran, integritas, dan kebaikan tanpa batas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;GURUKU PEMBERI YANG PALING SETIA&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gZdH93hvfGo2bsD04va3APYkxDKtk4MVutYoK_b98IyJerKHt8ua1_VOvqsEedDDdSsGvuAxNGSnWs88y0mz483YYzxDGDHF1R9jYVn5WJWJydFmiEy4yFJ_zuvCcBEIK5MJ0DyOPc--3urC5Isce5SnSuCjPl0u3nYQbKbk_mobMZuAcWfTdvR98w/s1000/FB_IMG_1621080874827.jpg&quot; imageanchor=&quot;1&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img border=&quot;0&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1000&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1000&quot; height=&quot;491&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gZdH93hvfGo2bsD04va3APYkxDKtk4MVutYoK_b98IyJerKHt8ua1_VOvqsEedDDdSsGvuAxNGSnWs88y0mz483YYzxDGDHF1R9jYVn5WJWJydFmiEy4yFJ_zuvCcBEIK5MJ0DyOPc--3urC5Isce5SnSuCjPl0u3nYQbKbk_mobMZuAcWfTdvR98w/w491-h491/FB_IMG_1621080874827.jpg&quot; width=&quot;491&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engkau tak hanya mengajar, tapi juga menginspirasi,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Membangun mimpi dan membimbing kami meraihnya.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engkau adalah panutan, contoh yang patut diikuti,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menjadi teladan, kami bertumbuh menjadi yang terbaik.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sungguh terima kasih, guru yang tak tergantikan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Pendamping setia di setiap langkah perjalanan.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Engkau memberi tanpa pamrih, menyentuh hati kami,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dengan kesabaran dan kasih yang tak pernah pudar.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hari Guru adalah momen, untuk mengenang jasamu,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mengucapkan rasa terima kasih, dengan tulus dan ikhlas.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Walau kata tak seberapa, semoga engkau merasakan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Betapa berharganya peranmu, dalam hidup kami.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oh, guru pemberi yang setia, ikhlas dan jujur,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Doa kami selalu bersamamu, dalam setiap waktu.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Semoga Tuhan memberimu kebahagiaan dan kesehatan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Selamat Hari Guru, engkau yang begitu berarti bagiku.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3567736415579116717/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3567736415579116717' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3567736415579116717'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3567736415579116717'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/sajak-2.html' title='SAJAK 2'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEg8gZdH93hvfGo2bsD04va3APYkxDKtk4MVutYoK_b98IyJerKHt8ua1_VOvqsEedDDdSsGvuAxNGSnWs88y0mz483YYzxDGDHF1R9jYVn5WJWJydFmiEy4yFJ_zuvCcBEIK5MJ0DyOPc--3urC5Isce5SnSuCjPl0u3nYQbKbk_mobMZuAcWfTdvR98w/s72-w491-h491-c/FB_IMG_1621080874827.jpg" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-5595153670679912262</id><published>2023-05-18T03:02:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-18T03:02:15.969-07:00</updated><title type='text'>oH mOON</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;Oh, luminous moon, in the night&#39;s embrace,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A celestial pearl adorning space,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your gentle glow, a silver veil unfurled,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Guiding wanderers through the darkened world.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;From dusk till dawn, you watch with grace,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Casting a serene and tranquil face,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your silent presence, a celestial guide,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Easing the tides with a calming tide.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A beacon of hope in the midnight hour,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You illuminate dreams with your lunar power,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Whispering secrets to the starlit skies,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Reflecting mysteries in your enigmatic eyes.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Majestic orb, so radiant and pure,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Casting shadows with a subtle allure,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;You witness tales untold, the human plight,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A witness to love, longing, and delight.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A muse to poets, their hearts you inspire,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Igniting passions with your ethereal fire,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Your crescent smile, a symbol of change,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A dance with darkness, beautifully arranged.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Through phases waxing and waning, you soar,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Ever faithful, forever wanting more,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;An ancient sentinel, timeless and free,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Connecting souls in your cosmic decree.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Oh, moon, you&#39;re a solace in the night,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A source of wonder, a celestial light,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;As you traverse the heavens, a celestial boon,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;We find solace in your gentle, silver tune.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So, dear moon, as you grace the sky,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Keep illuminating the dreams that lie,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In the hearts of dreamers, both near and far,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;With your everlasting, tranquil star.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/5595153670679912262/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/5595153670679912262' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/5595153670679912262'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/5595153670679912262'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/oh-moon.html' title='oH mOON'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-1699278283597790206</id><published>2023-05-18T02:59:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-18T02:59:05.075-07:00</updated><title type='text'>THE WORLD: YOURS</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;In a world of screens and endless noise,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Where connection&#39;s virtual, yet we rejoice,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Amidst the chaos, let&#39;s take a pause,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And unravel the truths that the world holds.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In tweets and posts, we find our voice,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Likes and comments, a transient choice,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;But beneath the surface, where stories hide,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Lies a tapestry woven by human stride.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A tapestry of colors, cultures, and dreams,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of diverse souls, bursting at the seams,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s celebrate the richness we all possess,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Embrace the differences, not settle for less.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For in this world, our fates entwine,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A collective journey, yours and mine,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;The struggles we face, the triumphs we share,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Can forge a path towards a future fair.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s break the shackles of prejudice&#39;s might,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And welcome the dawn of a compassionate light,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the battles we fight are not in vain,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A united world, where love shall reign.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No walls can confine the spirit unbound,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;No borders can silence the resounding sound,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Of voices united, demanding a change,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Shattering barriers, dismantling the strange.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this modern realm, where progress thrives,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s not forget the ones left behind,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Extend a hand to those who seek,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A better world, where kindness peaks.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s stand together, hand in hand,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In this grand symphony, where we all stand,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;For the world is a canvas, a masterpiece,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;And it&#39;s up to us to paint a legacy of peace.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;So share this poem, let its message spread,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;A reminder that unity is what lies ahead,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;In a world where love transcends all,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Let&#39;s rise together, and watch the old walls fall.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/1699278283597790206/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/1699278283597790206' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/1699278283597790206'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/1699278283597790206'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/the-world-yours.html' title='THE WORLD: YOURS'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-7170902746427815605</id><published>2023-05-18T02:51:00.011-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-18T02:51:55.187-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="#MADANI"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="#SAJAK"/><title type='text'>SAJAK</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;SEBELUM SUBUH&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Di senja yang hening, sang malam berdiam,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Matahari terbenam, menyisakan warna jingga yang indah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam kelamnya waktu, sebelum subuh tiba,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hati gelisah menanti, azan yang akan menggema.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Embun menari di helai rumput yang basah,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menggambarkan kelembutan alam yang begitu tulus.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Seperti riuhnya laut yang menepi di tepi pantai,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aku menanti azan, menyapa hati dalam kata-kata hikmah.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Di kejauhan, cahaya bintang berkelip-kelip,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menyinari gelapnya malam dengan pesona yang menggoda.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Namun, hati tetap terpaut pada panggilan azan yang mendalam,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam sunyi dan lelap, menanti keajaiban yang tersembunyi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Berselang tik-tok, waktu merayap perlahan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Mengukir riwayat takdir dengan rahasia yang tersembunyi.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sebelum subuh menghampiri, dalam kesenyapan sunyi,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aku menanti azan, bagai pelangi yang memancar di ufuk timur.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Bersama alunan angin yang lembut membelai wajah,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aku tenggelam dalam ketenangan yang membebaskan jiwa.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam setiap hela nafas, aku menyadari kebesaran-Nya,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Azan yang segera berkumandang, menggetarkan hati yang setia.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam pelukan malam yang berlalu perlahan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kupandangi langit yang terhampar indah di depanku.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Aku menanti azan, seruan suci yang menyejukkan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam detik-detik terakhir, ketenangan dalam hati terjaga.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Subuh pun menjelang, dalam megahnya fajar yang merekah,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Azan terdengar menggetarkan bumi dan langit.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Kupenuhi hatiku dengan sujud dan pujian,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Menghormati panggilan-Nya, dalam kebahagiaan yang tak terkira.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Gaya napiee mat, di saat subuh akan tiba,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Dalam diamku menanti, azan yang kian dekat.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Hati terhanyut dalam keindahan tak tergambarkan,&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Sebelum subuh datang, aku menunggu, merindu, dan berserah.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/7170902746427815605/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/7170902746427815605' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7170902746427815605'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7170902746427815605'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/sajak.html' title='SAJAK'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3421282777211840900</id><published>2023-05-16T22:39:00.001-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-16T22:39:14.897-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Increasing productivity</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;Increasing productivity is a common goal for many individuals, whether it&#39;s in the workplace, academics, or personal projects. Here are some additional tips to help you boost your productivity:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;1. Eliminate or minimize distractions: Identify the factors that distract you the most and find ways to reduce their impact. This may include turning off notifications on your phone, blocking certain websites or apps during work hours, or creating a dedicated and organized workspace.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;2. Break tasks into smaller, manageable chunks: Large tasks can be overwhelming and lead to procrastination. Break them down into smaller, more manageable subtasks. Focus on completing one subtask at a time, which will make the overall task seem less daunting and provide a sense of progress.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;3. Use time management techniques: Experiment with different time management methods, such as the Pomodoro Technique, where you work for a set amount of time (e.g., 25 minutes) and then take a short break (e.g., 5 minutes). This can help maintain focus and prevent burnout.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;4. Practice the two-minute rule: If a task can be completed in two minutes or less, do it immediately instead of adding it to your to-do list. This prevents small tasks from piling up and saves time in the long run.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;5. Implement a morning routine: Start your day with a routine that helps you set a positive tone for the rest of the day. This may include activities like meditation, exercise, journaling, or planning your day ahead.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;6. Utilize productivity tools: Explore productivity tools and apps that can help you stay organized, manage your tasks, and track your progress. Examples include project management software like Trello or Asana, note-taking apps like Evernote, or time-tracking apps like RescueTime.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;7. Practice single-tasking: Multitasking can lead to decreased focus and productivity. Instead, try focusing on one task at a time, giving it your full attention before moving on to the next one.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;8. Continuously learn and improve: Seek opportunities for personal and professional growth. Learn new skills, attend workshops or training sessions, and stay updated on the latest tools and techniques in your field. Continuous learning enhances your abilities and can improve productivity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;9. Take care of your physical and mental well-being: Ensure you get enough sleep, maintain a healthy diet, and engage in regular physical exercise. Taking care of your well-being enhances your energy levels, mental clarity, and overall productivity.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;10. Reflect and evaluate: Regularly assess your progress, identify areas for improvement, and adjust your strategies accordingly. This self-reflection helps you refine your approach and find what works best for you.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #2b00fe;&quot;&gt;Remember, productivity is a personal journey, and it may take time to find the techniques and strategies that work best for you. Be patient, stay consistent, and adapt as needed to achieve your productivity goals.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3421282777211840900/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3421282777211840900' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3421282777211840900'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3421282777211840900'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/increasing-productivity_16.html' title='Increasing productivity'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-2965930478352682432</id><published>2023-05-16T22:10:00.004-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-16T22:10:31.333-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Increasing Productivity</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 0px 0px 1.25em; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;These are great additional tips for increasing productivity! Let&#39;s summarize them:&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ol style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; counter-reset: item 0; display: flex; flex-direction: column; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; list-style-image: initial; list-style-position: initial; margin: 1.25em 0px; padding: 0px 0px 0px 1rem; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Use a to-do list: Keep a list of tasks to stay organized and track your progress.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Delegate tasks: If you have too much on your plate, assign tasks to others who can help.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Automate tasks: Find ways to automate repetitive or time-consuming tasks to save time and effort.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Say no: Set boundaries and prioritize your time by declining requests that don&#39;t align with your goals.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Take care of yourself: Prioritize self-care through adequate sleep, healthy eating, and regular exercise to maintain energy and focus.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Plan your time: Create a schedule that allocates time for each task, including breaks, to maximize productivity.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Prioritize tasks: Identify the most important tasks and tackle them first to ensure progress toward your goals.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Avoid distractions: Minimize potential distractions by turning off notifications, finding a quiet workspace, or using productivity tools.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Take breaks: Incorporate regular breaks into your schedule to recharge, avoid burnout, and maintain mental clarity.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; margin: 0px; padding-left: 0.375em;&quot;&gt;Reward yourself: Celebrate your achievements to stay motivated and reinforce a sense of accomplishment.&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ol&gt;&lt;p style=&quot;--tw-border-spacing-x: 0; --tw-border-spacing-y: 0; --tw-ring-color: rgba(69,89,164,.5); --tw-ring-offset-color: #fff; --tw-ring-offset-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-ring-offset-width: 0px; --tw-ring-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-rotate: 0; --tw-scale-x: 1; --tw-scale-y: 1; --tw-scroll-snap-strictness: proximity; --tw-shadow-colored: 0 0 transparent; --tw-shadow: 0 0 transparent; --tw-skew-x: 0; --tw-skew-y: 0; --tw-translate-x: 0; --tw-translate-y: 0; background-color: #f7f7f8; border: 0px solid rgb(217, 217, 227); box-sizing: border-box; color: #374151; font-family: Söhne, ui-sans-serif, system-ui, -apple-system, &amp;quot;Segoe UI&amp;quot;, Roboto, Ubuntu, Cantarell, &amp;quot;Noto Sans&amp;quot;, sans-serif, &amp;quot;Helvetica Neue&amp;quot;, Arial, &amp;quot;Apple Color Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Emoji&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Segoe UI Symbol&amp;quot;, &amp;quot;Noto Color Emoji&amp;quot;; font-size: 16px; margin: 1.25em 0px 0px; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Remember, everyone&#39;s productivity methods may differ, so it&#39;s essential to experiment and find what works best for you.&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/2965930478352682432/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/2965930478352682432' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/2965930478352682432'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/2965930478352682432'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/increasing-productivity.html' title='Increasing Productivity'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-7418067803700940538</id><published>2023-05-16T17:28:00.002-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-16T17:47:00.956-07:00</updated><title type='text'>Tips to be a popular writer at Amazon</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Can you sell a million copies on Amazon? &lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Here is one big idea to write a book that can sell a million copies on Amazon:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-7658985c-7fff-c988-23a5-ebc20148c46f&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Write a book that solves a big problem for a large audience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;The best books are the ones that solve a problem that people are facing. If you can write a book that helps people solve a problem that they are struggling with, then you are more likely to write a book that people will want to read.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;To find a problem that you can solve, think about the things that you are good at and the things that you are passionate about. What are the problems that people are facing in these areas? Once you have identified a problem, you can start to research the topic and develop a solution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;It is important to remember that your book does not have to be the only book on the market that solves the problem. However, your book should be the best book on the market that solves the problem. To do this, you need to make sure that your book is well-written, informative, and helpful.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;If you can write a book that solves a big problem for a large audience, then you are well on your way to writing a book that can sell a million copies on Amazon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Here are some additional tips for writing a book that can sell a million copies on Amazon:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 6pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Write a book that is short and easy to read.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Make sure your book is well-edited and free of errors.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Market your book effectively.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Promote your book on social media.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Offer discounts and promotions.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; list-style-type: disc; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Get people to review your book.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;By following these tips, you can increase your chances of writing a book that can sell a million copies on Amazon.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;What is the big problem?&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;The big problem that you can write a book about can be anything that you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;are passionate about and that you think people will find helpful. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Some examples of big problems that you could &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;write about include:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;ul style=&quot;margin-bottom: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-inline-start: 48px;&quot;&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 6pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to lose weight&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to make money&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to be more productive&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to improve your relationships&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to be happy&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to live a healthy lifestyle&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to raise your children&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to deal with stress&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to overcome addiction&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;li aria-level=&quot;1&quot; dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; list-style-type: disc; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; role=&quot;presentation&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 14pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;How to achieve your goals&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;/li&gt;&lt;/ul&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;These are just a few examples, and there are many other &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;big problems that you could write about. &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;The most important thing is to choose a problem that you &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;are passionate about and that you think people will find helpful.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Once you have chosen a problem, you need to do some research&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; to learn as much as you can about it. You should also &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;talk to people who are dealing with the problem and get&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt; their input. Once you have a good understanding of the problem, you can &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;start to develop a solution.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-3069d609-7fff-7c19-f771-139e70922c55&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;Your solution should be based on your research and your &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;own experience. It should be something that you believe will work, &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;and it should be something that you are passionate about. If you can &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;do all of these things, then you will be well on your way to writing a book &lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 18pt; margin-right: 18pt; margin-top: 18pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;background-color: transparent; color: #1f1f1f; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; font-style: normal; font-variant: normal; font-weight: 400; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre;&quot;&gt;that can solve a big problem for a large audience.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/7418067803700940538/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/7418067803700940538' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7418067803700940538'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7418067803700940538'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/tips-to-be-popular-writer-at-amazon.html' title='Tips to be a popular writer at Amazon'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-7334595486950855268</id><published>2023-05-14T20:27:00.000-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-14T20:27:01.356-07:00</updated><title type='text'></title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Dalam Islam, terdapat beberapa ciri-ciri yang diharapkan daripada seorang pemimpin berdasarkan ajaran agama dan beberapa hadis Nabi Muhammad SAW. Berikut adalah beberapa ciri-ciri pemimpin menurut Islam:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;1. Keadilan: Seorang pemimpin Islam harus adil dalam memimpin dan mengambil keputusan. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Setiap orang yang bertanggungjawab atas urusan umatnya dan tidak adil dalam memimpin mereka, maka dia tidak akan mencium bau syurga&quot; (HR. Bukhari dan Muslim). Contoh pemimpin yang adil adalah Khalifah Umar bin Khattab, yang dikenali kerana keadilan dan ketegasannya dalam memimpin.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;2. Kepedulian: Pemimpin Islam diharapkan peduli terhadap keperluan dan penderitaan umatnya. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Pemimpin terbaik di antara kamu adalah yang kamu cintai dan dia juga mencintai kamu, yang kamu mendoakan kebaikannya dan dia juga mendoakan kebaikan untuk kamu&quot; (HR. Muslim). Sebagai contoh, Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz dikenali kerana perhatiannya terhadap rakyatnya dan kepeduliannya terhadap urusan umat Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;3. Kesabaran: Seorang pemimpin harus mempunyai kesabaran dalam menghadapi cabaran dan kesukaran. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Tidak ada seorang pun pemimpin yang diberikan kesabaran dalam kesulitan yang menimpanya, melainkan Allah akan menggantikannya dengan kesabaran, kemuliaan, dan keberuntungan&quot; (HR. Bukhari). Contoh pemimpin yang sabar adalah Khalifah Ali bin Abi Thalib, yang menunjukkan ketabahan dan kesabaran dalam menghadapi pelbagai ujian dan konflik semasa kepemimpinannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;4. Kepemimpinan dengan akhlak yang baik: Seorang pemimpin Muslim harus menunjukkan akhlak yang baik dan menjadi teladan bagi umatnya. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Sesungguhnya aku diberikan kejayaan kerana akhlak yang mulia&quot; (HR. Ahmad). Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz adalah contoh pemimpin yang memiliki akhlak yang baik dan berusaha memperbaiki moral dan etika umat Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;5. Keterbukaan dan Konsultasi: Pemimpin Islam diharapkan terbuka terhadap masukan dan nasihat dari umatnya. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Orang yang paling aku cintai dan paling dekat denganku di hari kiamat adalah orang yang paling baik akhlaknya, dan sebaik-baik kamu adalah yang paling baik akhlaknya terhadap keluarganya&quot; (HR. Tirmidzi). Contoh pemimpin yang terbuka dan konsultatif adalah Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz, yang sering menghimpun para ulama dan berkonsultasi dengan mereka dalam mengambil keputusan penting.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;6. Ketaqwaan dan Kehidupan Beragama: Seorang pemimpin Islam harus memiliki ketakwaan yang tinggi dan menjalani kehidupan beragama yang baik. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Setiap kamu adalah pemimpin dan setiap kamu akan dimintai pertanggungjawaban atas kepemimpinan kamu&quot; (HR. Bukhari). Contoh pemimpin yang taat beragama adalah Khalifah Umar bin Khattab, yang berjuang untuk menegakkan hukum-hukum Islam dan berusaha menerapkan prinsip-prinsip Islam dalam kepemimpinannya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;7. Keadilan dalam Perlakuan: Pemimpin Islam diharapkan berlaku adil dan merata dalam memperlakukan rakyatnya tanpa memihak atau membedakan suku, bangsa, agama, atau status sosial. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Barangsiapa yang memimpin suatu komunitas, maka hendaklah dia adil terhadap mereka&quot; (HR. Muslim). Contoh pemimpin yang adil dalam perlakuan adalah Khalifah Umar bin Khattab, yang mendengarkan keluhan dan masukan dari rakyatnya tanpa diskriminasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;8. Keteladanan dalam Kedisiplinan dan Kerja Keras: Seorang pemimpin Islam harus menunjukkan disiplin dan kerja keras dalam menjalankan tugasnya. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Pada hari kiamat, tidak ada beban yang lebih berat daripada beban pemimpin yang mengurusi umatnya dan dia tidak adil terhadap mereka&quot; (HR. At-Tirmidzi). Khalifah Umar bin Khattab adalah contoh pemimpin yang menunjukkan keteladanan dalam kedisiplinan dan kerja keras, dengan melaksanakan tugasnya dengan penuh dedikasi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;9. Mengutamakan Kepentingan Umat: Pemimpin Islam harus mengutamakan kepentingan umatnya di atas kepentingan pribadi atau golongan. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Pemimpin terbaik di antara kamu adalah yang paling banyak menanggung urusan umatnya&quot; (HR. Muslim). Contoh pemimpin yang mengutamakan kepentingan umat adalah Khalifah Abu Bakar Ash-Shiddiq, yang mengorbankan kekayaan pribadinya demi kesejahteraan umat Islam.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;10. Kepemimpinan Berdasarkan Iman dan Ilmu: Pemimpin Islam harus memiliki iman yang kuat dan pengetahuan yang memadai untuk menjalankan tugas kepemimpinannya. Nabi Muhammad SAW bersabda, &quot;Allah meninggikan derajat orang yang memiliki ilmu di antara kamu, maka peliharalah ilmu dan amalkanlah&quot; (HR. Ibn Majah). Contoh pemimpin yang berbasis iman dan ilmu adalah Khalifah Umar bin Abdul Aziz, yang merupakan seorang cendekiawan dan mujtahid yang memimpin dengan pengetahuan dan kebijaksanaan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: arial; font-size: medium;&quot;&gt;Ciri-ciri di atas mencerminkan prinsip-prinsip kepemimpinan dalam Islam, yang mengedepankan keadilan, keteladanan, keterbukaan dan berpegang teguh kepada amanah Allah.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/7334595486950855268/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/7334595486950855268' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7334595486950855268'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/7334595486950855268'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/dalam-islam-terdapat-beberapa-ciri-ciri.html' title=''/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-3375305633077475468</id><published>2023-05-14T17:02:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-14T17:02:53.831-07:00</updated><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chatgpt"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chatgpt dalam pendidikan"/><category scheme="http://www.blogger.com/atom/ns#" term="chatgpt di Malaysia"/><title type='text'>CHAT GPT DAN MASA DEPAN</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Definisi dan Konsep Asas tentang ChatGPT:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-68f1dae5-7fff-0f0a-977f-f143cebba08e&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;ChatGPT adalah satu teknologi yang menggunakan model bahasa bersepadu yang terlatih secara mendalam menggunakan pembelajaran mesin. Ia membolehkan pengguna berinteraksi melalui antara muka teks dengan model ini untuk mendapatkan respons yang berkualiti dan berterusan. Konsep asas ChatGPT adalah menggunakan lapisan neural yang kompleks untuk memahami input pengguna dan menghasilkan respons yang sesuai berdasarkan pemahaman bahasa semula jadi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Contoh: Seorang pengguna bertanya, &quot;Berapa umur anda?&quot; ChatGPT akan menggunakan model bahasa untuk memahami pertanyaan tersebut dan memberikan respons seperti &quot;Saya hanya satu program komputer, jadi tidak ada umur sebenarnya untuk saya.&quot;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgISma3KcPMtfj7umBjqoZ-wTtvVLeRqvCJbdTHKpe8hnB2WqRMtB4j6eZO_WgpolWFh8Jt2VDx_jX47ramh10V4UY7eaiM67VCpLu6QTBOniYeeJgxv-7jc82PywhzeeqFFKzi3iqSXGlvKgQKNXqxf9ZkcRtrSEycYLV9pAaPoORcB8fnuIewS6c5aA&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1024&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;297&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgISma3KcPMtfj7umBjqoZ-wTtvVLeRqvCJbdTHKpe8hnB2WqRMtB4j6eZO_WgpolWFh8Jt2VDx_jX47ramh10V4UY7eaiM67VCpLu6QTBOniYeeJgxv-7jc82PywhzeeqFFKzi3iqSXGlvKgQKNXqxf9ZkcRtrSEycYLV9pAaPoORcB8fnuIewS6c5aA=w297-h297&quot; width=&quot;297&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;span id=&quot;docs-internal-guid-33cffc9e-7fff-d5b2-f38a-2be158e01816&quot;&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;Sejarah dan Perkembangan Teknologi ChatGPT:&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Teknologi ChatGPT berasal daripada perkembangan model-model pembelajaran mendalam sebelumnya seperti GPT-1 dan GPT-2. GPT-1 diperkenalkan pada tahun 2018, manakala GPT-2 yang lebih maju dilancarkan pada tahun 2019. ChatGPT sendiri dilancarkan oleh OpenAI pada tahun 2021 sebagai produk yang boleh diakses secara am. Ia terus mengalami penyempurnaan dan pengoptimuman melalui latihan dan umpan balik pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifmEXz_eoKVtKI6-fqzuPZ26U5gzCtwC5bnvJ4twQ0G_83pL5Fbep9tqXnUGgoXy4ywegkCblrvIK67Zwb2GwM6VKpixisw6IyNlMQC3t8aZOaShW_wPydO4d27zALfvSDxHGnvT3NH2UNVMNV98mk63Vpze9mXYvke5gEjd4FPQ8pRLDvqL1fqL8csQ&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;111&quot; data-original-width=&quot;220&quot; height=&quot;317&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEifmEXz_eoKVtKI6-fqzuPZ26U5gzCtwC5bnvJ4twQ0G_83pL5Fbep9tqXnUGgoXy4ywegkCblrvIK67Zwb2GwM6VKpixisw6IyNlMQC3t8aZOaShW_wPydO4d27zALfvSDxHGnvT3NH2UNVMNV98mk63Vpze9mXYvke5gEjd4FPQ8pRLDvqL1fqL8csQ=w630-h317&quot; width=&quot;630&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Pejabat Asal OpenAI di San Francisco&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.6667px;&quot;&gt;ChatGPT ialah chatbot kecerdasan buatan (AI) yang dibangunkan oleh OpenAI dan dikeluarkan pada November 2022. Ia dibina di atas model bahasa besar (LLM) asas OpenAI GPT-3.5 dan GPT-4 dan telah diperhalusi (sebuah pendekatan untuk memindahkan pembelajaran) menggunakan kedua-dua teknik pembelajaran diselia dan pengukuhan. &lt;/span&gt;ChatGPT adalah satu lagi perkembangan penting dalam bidang kecerdasan buatan dan pembelajaran mesin. Untuk memberikan huraian sejarah ChatGPT, berikut adalah beberapa peristiwa penting yang memainkan peranan dalam perkembangannya:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;a href=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYKN266PO2ZdhCyfdrw0ozLv-0ipy3QcH2bkSY0v82eHjMdyeomMgMDuemoBVbTh7WCz0Y8EkNiCht3pJer1YwiYuoP5YU833YDwVztd1tQGZ52anj8A4DpZG68z8UIAy5X2uBJKvcA8B9WmuZBjDQXI1HbH3zB8hQo-EbPUBl5ExPYsdVPeCeRNowHA&quot; style=&quot;margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;&quot;&gt;&lt;img alt=&quot;&quot; data-original-height=&quot;1024&quot; data-original-width=&quot;1024&quot; height=&quot;240&quot; src=&quot;https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiYKN266PO2ZdhCyfdrw0ozLv-0ipy3QcH2bkSY0v82eHjMdyeomMgMDuemoBVbTh7WCz0Y8EkNiCht3pJer1YwiYuoP5YU833YDwVztd1tQGZ52anj8A4DpZG68z8UIAy5X2uBJKvcA8B9WmuZBjDQXI1HbH3zB8hQo-EbPUBl5ExPYsdVPeCeRNowHA&quot; width=&quot;240&quot; /&gt;&lt;/a&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;1. Penciptaan GPT-1: Pada tahun 2018, syarikat OpenAI memperkenalkan GPT-1 (Generative Pre-trained Transformer 1), yang merupakan model pembelajaran mesin yang berdasarkan rangkaian neural bertukar. GPT-1 menggunakan pendekatan pembelajaran mandiri untuk memahami dan menghasilkan teks yang berkualiti.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;2. Penyempurnaan GPT-2: Pada tahun 2019, OpenAI melancarkan GPT-2 yang lebih besar dan lebih canggih. GPT-2 mempunyai 1.5 bilion parameter dan mempunyai keupayaan yang mengagumkan dalam menghasilkan teks yang menyerupai penulisan manusia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;3. Kejadian &quot;ChatGPT&quot;: Pada tahun 2020, versi asal GPT-3 diperkenalkan. Namun, dalam ujian awal, ia menunjukkan masalah dalam mengendalikan konten yang tidak sesuai atau berbahaya. Oleh itu, OpenAI memutuskan untuk menyediakan akses terhad kepada teknologi ini dan melancarkan projek &quot;ChatGPT&quot; sebagai demonstrasi awal.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;4. Pelancaran ChatGPT: Pada tahun 2021, OpenAI melancarkan ChatGPT sebagai produk yang boleh diakses secara am. ChatGPT membolehkan pengguna berinteraksi dengan model bahasa yang terlatih dengan mengemukakan soalan atau permintaan melalui antara muka teks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-size: 14.6667px; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial;&quot;&gt;
ChatGPT dilancarkan sebagai prototaip pada 30 November 2022 dan mendapat perhatian untuk respons terperinci dan jawapan yang jelas merentas banyak domain pengetahuan.[3] Kecenderungannya untuk memberikan jawapan yang salah secara fakta dengan yakin telah dikenal pasti sebagai kelemahan yang ketara.[4] Pada 2023, selepas keluaran ChatGPT, penilaian OpenAI dianggarkan berjumlah AS$29 bilion.[5] Kemunculan chatbot telah meningkatkan persaingan dalam ruang, mempercepatkan pengeluaran Bard Google dan LLaMA Meta.

Keluaran asal ChatGPT adalah berdasarkan GPT-3.5. Versi berdasarkan GPT-4, model OpenAI terbaharu, telah dikeluarkan pada 14 Mac 2023, dan tersedia untuk pelanggan berbayar secara terhad.

ChatGPT dan GPT-4 telah mengetuai saintis komputer seperti Geoffrey Hinton dan Yoshua Bengio untuk menyuarakan kebimbangan, termasuk sistem AI masa depan mungkin mengatasi kecerdasan manusia, mengejar matlamat yang tidak sejajar dan menimbulkan risiko kewujudan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;5. Penyempurnaan ChatGPT: OpenAI terus menghasilkan versi yang lebih baik dan mengoptimumkan ChatGPT dengan menggunakan umpan balik pengguna dan latihan lanjutan. Ini termasuk melancarkan versi &quot;ChatGPT Plus&quot; yang membolehkan langganan bulanan untuk mendapatkan akses yang lebih cepat dan lebih baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;6. Peningkatan ChatGPT dengan Pembelajaran Lanjutan: Dalam usaha untuk meningkatkan ChatGPT, OpenAI memperkenalkan konsep &quot;Pembelajaran Lanjutan&quot; (Reinforcement Learning). Melalui latihan yang berterusan dan dialog interaktif, ChatGPT dapat menghasilkan respons yang lebih baik dan lebih sesuai dengan pengguna.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;7. Sambutan dan Perkembangan Masa Depan: ChatGPT menerima sambutan yang hangat dan menjadi alat yang berguna dalam pelbagai bidang seperti sokongan pelanggan, pendidikan, dan banyak lagi. OpenAI terus berusaha untuk meningkatkan ChatGPT dengan mengambil kira isu-isu keselamatan, etika, dan kesan sosial yang berkaitan dengan teknologi ini.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Sejarah ChatGPT adalah bukti perkembangan pesat dalam kecerdasan buatan dan pembelajaran mesin. Ia mencerminkan usaha berterusan untuk membangunkan teknologi yang dapat memahami dan menghasilkan teks dengan cara yang semakin mirip dengan manusia.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;p dir=&quot;ltr&quot; style=&quot;line-height: 1.38; margin-bottom: 0pt; margin-top: 0pt;&quot;&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;Contoh: Apabila GPT-2 diperkenalkan pada tahun 2019, ia menjadi tajuk perbincangan yang luas dan menerima perhatian yang besar dari komuniti kecerdasan buatan dan masyarakat umum.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; font-variant-alternates: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-numeric: normal; vertical-align: baseline; white-space: pre-wrap;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/div&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/3375305633077475468/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/3375305633077475468' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3375305633077475468'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/3375305633077475468'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/chat-gpt-dan-masa-depan.html' title='CHAT GPT DAN MASA DEPAN'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><media:thumbnail xmlns:media="http://search.yahoo.com/mrss/" url="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgISma3KcPMtfj7umBjqoZ-wTtvVLeRqvCJbdTHKpe8hnB2WqRMtB4j6eZO_WgpolWFh8Jt2VDx_jX47ramh10V4UY7eaiM67VCpLu6QTBOniYeeJgxv-7jc82PywhzeeqFFKzi3iqSXGlvKgQKNXqxf9ZkcRtrSEycYLV9pAaPoORcB8fnuIewS6c5aA=s72-w297-h297-c" height="72" width="72"/><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry><entry><id>tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6163061810857681784.post-794070390270195324</id><published>2023-05-08T00:12:00.003-07:00</published><updated>2023-05-08T00:12:20.199-07:00</updated><title type='text'>POMODORO TECHNIC IN TIME MANAGEMENT</title><content type='html'>&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;iframe allowfullscreen=&#39;allowfullscreen&#39; webkitallowfullscreen=&#39;webkitallowfullscreen&#39; mozallowfullscreen=&#39;mozallowfullscreen&#39; width=&#39;565&#39; height=&#39;470&#39; src=&#39;https://www.blogger.com/video.g?token=AD6v5dxml9kBOnKIGMXzeIiTFPm4D5LanfU5qL5Hy5THsYTS6TuNue4PvK7KEEvKmyjPEKv_XIVU7iMqU-CuBx0QCw&#39; class=&#39;b-hbp-video b-uploaded&#39; frameborder=&#39;0&#39;&gt;&lt;/iframe&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;Mari saksikan video penerangan tentnag Teknik Pomodoro dalam pengurusan masa.&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Teknik Pomodoro adalah satu kaedah pengurusan masa yang membantu individu untuk mengekalkan fokus dan konsentrasi semasa menjalankan sesuatu tugas. Kaedah ini biasanya digunakan oleh pelajar dan pekerja yang mempunyai kerja yang banyak dan perlu menyiapkan tugas dalam jangka masa yang singkat.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: center;&quot;&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Teknik Pomodoro melibatkan langkah-langkah berikut:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;1. Pilih satu tugas yang perlu diselesaikan.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;2. Setkan masa selama 25 minit untuk menyelesaikan tugas tersebut.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;3. Kerja pada tugas tersebut selama 25 minit tanpa berhenti atau terganggu dengan faktor luar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;4. Selepas 25 minit, berhenti dan berehat selama 5 minit.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;5. Selepas berehat selama 5 minit, kembali bekerja pada tugas tersebut untuk 25 minit lagi.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;6. Setiap 4 sesi kerja, berehat selama 15-30 minit sebelum meneruskan tugas pada sesi berikutnya.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Teknik Pomodoro membantu individu untuk menguruskan masa dengan lebih efektif kerana ia memaksa individu untuk fokus pada tugas yang perlu diselesaikan dan memberi masa rehat yang mencukupi untuk menjaga produktiviti. Selain itu, ia juga membantu individu untuk mengurangkan stres dan keletihan kerana jadual kerja yang diatur dengan baik.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;Contoh penggunaan teknik Pomodoro dalam pendidikan di Malaysia:&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;1. Pelajar yang perlu menyiapkan tugasan atau menghadapi peperiksaan boleh menggunakan teknik Pomodoro untuk membantu mereka fokus pada pembelajaran dan mengurangkan keletihan semasa mengulangkaji.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;2. Guru-guru boleh menggunakan teknik Pomodoro untuk merancang pengajaran dan membuat penyediaan untuk aktiviti pembelajaran untuk pelajar.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div class=&quot;separator&quot; style=&quot;clear: both; text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;3. Pentadbir sekolah boleh menggunakan teknik Pomodoro untuk menyelesaikan tugasan penting seperti membuat laporan atau merancang acara sekolah, dan mengelakkan keletihan dan stres yang disebabkan oleh tugasan yang banyak dan kompleks.&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;div style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;&lt;b&gt;&lt;span style=&quot;color: red;&quot;&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/span&gt;&lt;/b&gt;&lt;/div&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;/p&gt;</content><link rel='replies' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/feeds/794070390270195324/comments/default' title='Post Comments'/><link rel='replies' type='text/html' href='http://www.blogger.com/comment/fullpage/post/6163061810857681784/794070390270195324' title='0 Comments'/><link rel='edit' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/794070390270195324'/><link rel='self' type='application/atom+xml' href='http://www.blogger.com/feeds/6163061810857681784/posts/default/794070390270195324'/><link rel='alternate' type='text/html' href='http://tukangcerito.blogspot.com/2023/05/pomodoro-technic-in-time-management.html' title='POMODORO TECHNIC IN TIME MANAGEMENT'/><author><name>Redzuan@DrRED</name><uri>http://www.blogger.com/profile/01312665034077549169</uri><email>noreply@blogger.com</email><gd:image rel='http://schemas.google.com/g/2005#thumbnail' width='16' height='16' src='https://img1.blogblog.com/img/b16-rounded.gif'/></author><thr:total>0</thr:total></entry></feed>