tutorials informatics

Installation of linux Ubuntu

2009-10-07T14:51:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF LINUX UBUNTU

After reading dozens of articles about the wonders of Ubuntu and hearing some of my workmates constantly praising it, I was so curious to test it for myself that I couldn't help it: I've downloaded the latest version of this popular Linux distro from their official website and I'm just about to install it. I want to see it with my own eyes and check if Ubuntu really deserves all those kind words. I plan to be using Ubuntu for a few days, not only to test it as an operating system, but also to test myself and see if I can manage to accomplish the most basic tasks (browsing the web, downloading software, blogging, listening to music, editing photos…) in a completely new operating system. If you're also curious about Ubuntu, get ready because the trip is about to start!

They say that a thousand mile journey starts with a single step and in this case, our first step is obviously installing Ubuntu. After downloading the Ubuntu 9.04 ISO file, burn it to a CD with your favorite burning app, following these instructions if necessary. Insert the newly recorded CD into the CD drive and restart your system so that it boots from the CD drive and launches the installation. You may have to modify the boot-up sequence on your system to do this.

The first step is choosing the language used for installation. Note that this will also be the default language for the system once Ubuntu is installed.

ext step is selecting time zone. You can either use the drop-down menus or click the map over your area.

Next, you have to select the hard drive or disk partition you want to install Ubuntu to. In my case I had the whole drive dedicated to the new system, so it was pretty straightforward. The screen may vary in your case, depending on how many partitions you have, or if there's already another OS installed on the computer. As a general rule, you should always back up data on a drive you want to partition!

Now you have to select the keyboard layout. Ubuntu supports an impressive variety of languages and language varieties. Plus you can test the selection in this same screen, using a small text box at the bottom of the window.

We're almost done! Enter your desired username and password to log in to the system. The installer will tell you if the selected password is safe enough. Also, you can configure the system to log in automatically - perfect for one-user systems - or ask for the password, which comes in handy when several users share the same computer.

Ubuntu is now ready to install. You should see something similar to this screen.

When installation finished, Ubuntu will as for a system reboot. Restart your computer, making sure you remove the Ubuntu CD from the CD drive before doing so.

Your new Ubuntu is ready to use!

already done;) as well as try to help solve any possible issues that newcomers to Ubuntu may have.

Installation of linux Fedora and configuration

2009-10-06T16:57:00.001-07:00

Welcome to Fedora 10 installation menu screenshot

Start install Fedora 10... Insert the Fedora 10 installation DVD or CD on the DVD drive or CD Rom drive. Reboot your computer system and change bios boot sequence so that your computer start with on cd rom or dvd rom as first on the bios boot sequence. The screenshot below show the Linux Fedora 10 installation boot screen... The Welcome to Fedora 10 installation menu screen

Fedora 10 installation menu screen... to start install fedora 10, choose the option that suite your system setting... for these installation purpose we choose the 'Install or upgrade an existing system' to install Linux Fedora 10 system.

Menu option: Welcome to Fedora 10

Install or upgrade an existing system

Rescue installed system

Boot from local drive

Memory test

Hit 'Enter' key to proceed

Start Running Fedora 10 Installer

After you choose the 'Install or upgrade an existing system' to install Linux Fedora 10 system and hit the 'Enter' key... the system then start booting the Linux kernel for the installation process purpose. Then the installer for Linux Fedora 10 Anaconda, show the greetings message and starting... The figure below show the Linux kernel starting and show the Anaconda installer starting.

Linux Kernel and Anaconda Installer starting

Greetings.

Anaconda installer init version 11.4.1.62 starting

mounting /proc filesystem... done

creating /dev filesystem... done

starting udev... done

mounting /dev/pts (unix98 pty) filesystem... done

mounting /sys filesystem... done

trying to remount root filesystem read write... done

mounting /tmp as ramfs... done

running install...

running /sbin/loader

detecting hardware...

waiting for hardware to initialize...

Test Fedora 10 Installation DVD (installation media) Option

After you choose to install Linux Fedora installation on the previous step, then the screen (as show on figure below) ask you, if you need to test the Linux Fedora 10 installation media... please note that you only need to test and verify the Fedora 10 installation media just one time, no need to test and verify the Fedora 10 installation disk every times you install Fedora 10 using the same disk. Hit 'OK' button to if you choose to test Fedora 10 installation DVD (installation media). Hit the 'Skip' button if you already test and verify the installation disk is OK and good for the installation process of our Linux Fedora 10 system.

Test Fedora 10 Installation media option

Menu: Disc Found

To begin testing the media before installation process press OK.

Choose Skip to skip the media test and start the installation.

Hit 'OK' key to proceed

Test Fedora 10 Installation Disk, Media Check Screenshot

The Fedora 10 screen shot below show the Media Check screen. To start test and verify the Fedora 10 installation disk, hit 'Test' button. To change the Fedora 10 installation disk, hit 'Eject Disk' and insert other Fedora 10 installation disk on the DVD/CD Rom drive.

Media Check Start Test

Screen: Media Check

Choose "Test" to test the disc

currently in the drive, or

"Eject Disk" to eject the disc

and insert another for testing.

Select "Test" button by using 'Tab' key, and hit 'Space' or 'Enter' key to proceed

Check Fedora 10 Media Check Progress Screenshot

The screenshot below display the media check progress status bar. Please wait for few moment for Media check finish checking the Fedora 10 installation disk on you DVD/CD Rom drive.

Media Check Fedora 10 Progress

Screen: Media Check

Checking "Fedora 10 disc all"...-

wait until Media check finish checking the Fedora installation disk

Check Fedora 10 Installation Media Result

The figure below show the result from Media Check, the screen below show that our Linux Fedora 10 installation media is good for the installation process.

Media Check Result Success

Menu option: Success

The image which was just tested was

successfully verified. It should be

OK to install from this media. Note

that not all media/drive errors can

be detected by the media check.

Hit 'Enter' or 'spacebar' key to proceed...

Media Check Test Additional Fedora 10 Installation Media

After finish check the first Fedora 10 installation DVD/CD Rom... the Media Check then ask you if you want to test additional installation media e.g Fedora 10 intallation disc 2... if so hit the 'Test' button. To proceed with the installation of Fedora 10... select the 'Continue' button and hit 'Enter' key

Media Check Test Additional Media

Screen: Media Check

If you like to test additional media, insert the next

disc and press "Test". Testing each disc is not strictly

required, however it is highly recommended. Minimally, the

discs should be tested prior to using them for the first

time. After they have been successfully tested, it is not

required to retest each disc prior to using them again.

Select the 'Continue' button and hit 'Enter' or 'space bar' key to proceed

Running Anaconda the Fedora System Installer

Then the installation of Fedora 10 continue with the start of Anaconda... the system installer for Fedora. The screen shot below show the Anaconda the Fedora system installer start to initialize...

Running Anaconda Fedora System Installer

Screen: Anaconda

Running anaconda 11.4.1.62, the Fedora system installer - please wait...

Please wait for anaconda finish to initialize...

Start Fedora 10 GUI Installation Screen

The first Fedora 10 Graphical User Interface installation screen. The screen shot below just show the Fedora 10 GUI installation screen, start from these scrren you can use mouse to click on button. Please note that you no need do nothing here... just click 'Next' button to proceed with the installation process

Fedora 10 GUI Installation Screen

Screen: Fedora

Click 'Next' button to proceed

Language Selection for Installation Process

Then the installation process display list of language that you can use during the installation process of Fedora 10 system. Highlight the language that you want to use during the installation process... and click 'Next' button to proceed. Please note that from the screenshot below... the language that I choose for the installation process of Fedora 10 is English (Eenglish)

Select Language use During Installation Process

Screen: What language would you like to use during the installation process?

English (English)

Keyboard Layout Setting for the System

On this screen you need to select keyboard layout setting for your Fedora 10 system. On the list of keyboard layout, highlight the correct keyboard layout and then click 'Next' button to proceed. The example below show that the keyboard layout setting for my system is U.S. English.

Select Keyboard Layout Setting for the System

Screen: Select the appropriate keyboard for the system

U.S. English

Select the correct keyboard layout setting and click on 'Next' button to proceed

Initialize New Hard Disk Drive for Fedora 10

The screen below only appear when only you have new hard disk install on the system. If the system installer did not find any readable partition table on the hard disk... then this configuration screen appear. The system installation need to initialize the hard disk in order to make new partition table on the disk. Click on 'Yes' button to proceed with the installation process.... if only you really sure that no valuable data is inside that hard disk drive.

Initialized New Hard Disk Drive Warning

Screen: Warning

The partition on device sda (VMware, VMware Virtual S 10237 MB) was unreadable.

To create new partitions it must be initialized, causing the lost of ALL DATA on this drive.

This operation will override any pervious installation choices about which drives to ignore.

Would you like to initialize this drive, erasing ALL DATA?

Click on 'Yes' button to proceed

Setup Hostname, Name for Fedora 10 System

Then installation setup for Fedora 10 ask you for the name of your Fedora 10 system. This hostname going be be use to identify your system on the network. The complete hostname must have system name (hostname/machine name) and the domain name that this system belong to... example of complete hostname fedora10.labtestproject.com... the hostname would be fedora10 and the domain name would be labtestproject.com. Rename the default hostname (localhost.localdomain) with your own choice of hostname and domain name base on your network system setup and configuration.

Setup Hostname for your Fedora 10 System

Screen: Hostname

Please name this computer. The hostname identifies the computer on a network.

Hostname: localhost.localdomain

Click 'Next' button to proceed

Select Time Zone for Fedora 10 System

Select correct time zone for your system by clicking on the map or you can select the correct time zone for your Fedora 10 system by using the drop down box

Select Time Zone

Screen: Time Zone

Please select the nearest city in your time zone:

Selected city: New York, America (Eastern Time)

System clock uses UTC

Click 'Next' button to proceed

Set Root Password for Fedora 10 System

The Linux Fedora and other Linux/Unix system usually have special user called root user... the root user account is use for administration purpose only. Please note that on Fedora 10, the root user cannot login directly on the system... use su command to become as root user after you login on the Fedora 10 system using normal user account. Please choose good password for this root user account... don't let anybody easily guest your root user password and hack into your Fedora 10 system.

Key in root user password on the text box that say Root Password:........... and reenter the same password on the Confirm:............. text box to ensure that you key in the root password correctly. Click on 'Next' button to proceed after you set the root password correctly

Fedora 10 Root Password

Screen: Root User Account Password

The root account is used for administrating the system. Enter a password for the root user

Root Password: ______________

Confirm: ______________

Click on 'Next' button to proceed

Partitioning Hard Disk Drive for Fedora 10

The installation process then continue with partitioning hard disk drive for Fedora 10 system. On this installation screen you need to choose a partition layout.... the default option is set to Remove Linux Partition on Selected drives and create default layout. Click on the drop down menu to see more options. If you have more than one hard disk drives... you may tick the check box to choose from list of the hard disk to install Linux Fedora 10 to include the hard disk on the partition layout creation. Then tick on Review and modify partition layout to see the partition created.. then you can do more partition customization for your Fedora 10 system

Partitioning Hard Disk Drive

Default Fedora 10 Partition Layout

Screen: Partition Layout

Installation requires partitioning of your hard drive. By default, a partition layout is chosen which is reasonable for most users. You can either choose to use this or create your own.

Choose Default option:

Remove all partitions on selected drives and create default layout

Remove Linux partitions on selected drives and create default layout

Resize existing partition and create default layout in free space

Use free space on selected drives and create default layout

Create customs layout

Tick on the checkbox that say

Review and modify partition layout

if you want to review or modify the partition layout created...

Then click on 'Next' button to proceed. with the installation process...

Writing Partition to Disk

After you click on the 'Next' button, on the previous step.. the Fedora 10 installation program start to partition hard disk, but before the installation program start to make any changes to your hard disk... this warning message appear to make sure that you really want to create partition on the hard disk. Click on the Write changes to disk if you sure that you need to partition and format the selected hard disk and install Fedora 10... (Note: All data on selected hard disk will be deleted after you click Write changes to disk button) or click on Go back button to edit and change the partitions layout ones again.

Start Writing Partition to Disk

Screen: Writing partitioning to disk

The partitioning options you have selected will now be written to disk. Any data on deleted or reformatted partitions will be lost.

Click on 'Write changes to disk' to proceed with the installation process

Fedora 10 Software Package Selection for Installation

Then the screen show the option for the software packages that you want to include on the Fedora 10 installation. Make note that you also can install these Fedora 10 software package letter. Select the software option from Office and Productivity software package , Software Development packages and Web Server software packages to include on the installation process by tick on the checkbox provided. Before you tick the Fedora 10 - i386 and Fedora 10 - i386 - Updates repository and add the additional software repositories... please confirm that you have network connection to internet.... otherwise please make sure that you tick only the Installation Repo repositories. Click on the radio button that say Customize now to select and choose more software package to include in the software package installation.

Select Fedora 10 Software Installation Packages

Screen: Fedora 10 Software Packages Selection

The default installation of Fedora includes a set of software applicable for general internet usage. What additional tasks would you like your system to include support for?

Office and Productivity

Software Development

Web Server

Please select any additional repositories that you want to use for software installation.

Installation Repo

Fedora 10 - i386

Fedora 10 - i386 - Updates

You can further customize the software selection now, or after install via the software management application

Customize later Customize now

Click 'Next' button to proceed

Add More Software on Fedora 10 Installation

This installation screen appear only when the you click on the Customize now radio button. The screen display list of Fedora 10 software divides into package groups, Desktop Environments, Application, Development, Servers, Base System and Languages. To add more software packages on the Fedora 10 installation, just tick the check box on the software package... and click on the Optional packages button to add optional packages from package group.

Add More Software Packages

Screen: More software packages

Desktop Environments

Applications

Development

Servers

Base System

Languages

To view and add optional package click on the Optional packages button

Continue....

Select Optional Packages Menu

Click on right mouse button to open drop down menu option... the option include Select the package, Select all optional packages, Deselect packages and Deselect all optional packages. To install packages and all their optional packages... choose and click Select all optional packages.

Optional Packages Menu

Click on 'Next' button to proceed with the installation process

Fedora 10 Optional Packages List

This Fedora 10 installation screenshot show the list of optional packages. To show the list of optional packages in Fedora 10, you need to select the packages group and then click on the Optional packages button . The example below show the list of optional packages for Packages in GNOME Desktop Environment.

Optional Packages

Screen: Packages in GNOME Desktop Environment

Some packages associated with this group are not required to be installed but may provide additional functionality. Please choose the packages which you like to have installed.

NetworkManager-gnome-0.7.0-0.77.svn4229.fc10.i386

alacarte-0.11.6-4.fc10.noarch

at-spi-1.24.0-5.fc10.i386

bluez-gnome-1.8-8.fc10.i386

bug-buddy-2.24.1-1.fc10.i386

compiz-gnome-0.7.6-17.fc10.i386

dasher-4.9.0-2.fc10.i386

Click 'Close' button to close optional packages list window and...

Click 'Next' button to proceed with the installation process

Check Software Packages Dependencies

Then Fedora system installation check dependencies for the software packages that you select for installation. The progress bar show the status of Fedora 10 system installation that check software packages dependencies on the progress bar. You need do nothing on this window screen... just wait

Checking Dependencies

Screen: Check Dependencies

Checking dependencies in packages selected for installation...

Wait.....

Start Fedora 10 Installation Process

The Linux Fedora 10 system installation then start the process of install Fedora 10 operating system. The configuration process may take several minutes to complete... please wait.

Start Install Process

Screen: Start install process. This may take several minutes...

No action require... just wait until the process complete

Fedora 10 System Installation Start Install Software Packages

Then the Fedora 10 system installation start to install software packages to your system hard disk drives. The process may take times to complete... if you install using the Fedora 10 installation CD-Rom disc, you may need to change the disk periodically, click 'OK' button to resume the installation process after change the Fedora 10 installation disc. The progress bar show the status of software packages that need to be install and the software package that already been installed on the system disk.

Install Software Packages

Screen: Progress bar show packages install and packages completed

This process may time to complete base on install packages selected on the configuration process... Please wait

Fedora 10 Installation Packages Completed

The Linux Fedora 10 packages installation on the hard disk drive completed. The screenshot of packages installation progress bar below show that the packages installation process already completed.

Install Packages Completed

Screen: Install Packages Completed

No action required

Fedora 10 Post Install Configuration

Then The Fedora 10 system installation proceed with performing post install configuration. Please wait for post install configuration to complete...

Post Install Configuration

Screen: Performing Post Install Configuration

No action require... Please wait

Start Install Bootloader Fedora 10

Then Fedora 10 system installation start install bootloader for Fedora 10 operating system. Please note that, the Fedora 10 and its family use GRUB as an boot loader for the operating system.

Install Fedora 10 BootLoader GRUB

Screen: Installing bootloader...

No action require... Please wait

Fedora 10 Installation Complete

The Linux Fedora 10 system installation then display the screen inform you that the installation process of Fedora 10 is complete. You may remove the Fedora 10 installation disk and click on the Reboot button to proceed...

Installation Complete

Screen: Congratulations, the installation is complete.

Press the "Reboot" button to reboot your system

Action: Click on 'Reboot' button to proceed

Reboot Fedora 10 Screen

After you click on 'Reboot' button... the Fedora 10 system installation start to reboot Fedora 10 system for the first time, the process may take some time. The screen below, show the boot up screen of Fedora 10 operating system. The black screen and the progress bar show the status of Fedora 10 system start up.

Fedora 10 Bootup Screen

Screen: Fedora 10

Action: No action require on this screen window

Fedora 10 Setup Agent FirstBoot Configuration Welcome Screen

The Setup Agent or some say FirstBoot Configuration kick in on the first boot of Fedora 10 after the installation process completed. The Setup Agent (FirstBoot Configuration), allow us to configure Fedora 10 system before we log in on the Fedora 10 system for the first time. The first screen of Setup Agent (FirstBoot Configuration) show only the Welcome screen... click on the 'Forward' button to proceed with the Fedora 10 system License Information.

Fedora 10 Setup Agent (FirstBoot Configuration)

Screen: Welcome

There are few more steps to take before your system is ready to use. The Setup Agent will now guide you through some basic configuration. Please click the "Forward" button in the lower right corner to continue

Action: Click on 'Foward' button to proceed

Fedora 10 License Information Agreement

The Fedora 10 License Information screen. This screen show the overall Fedora 10 License Information. Read the License Information and if you want to know more about the license information and license agreement please visit the Fedora 10 License Agreement on Fedora Official web site as state on the License Information screen.

Fedora 10 License

Screen: Fedora 10 License Information

Thank you for installing Fedora. Fedora is a compilation of software packages, each under its own license. The compilation is made available under GNU General Public License version 2. There are no restrictions on using, copying, or modifying this code. However, there are restrictions and obligations that apply to the redistribution of the code, either in its original or a modified form. Among other things, those restrictions/obligations pertain to the licensing of the redistribution, trademark rights, and export control.

If you would like to understand what those restrictions are, please visit http://fedoraproject.org/wiki/Legal/Licenses/LicenseAgreement.

Understood, please proceed.

Action: Click on 'Forward' button to proceed

Create User on Fedora 10 System

Then the FirstBoot configuration or Setup Agent continue with Create User account for Fedora 10 system (for non administrative user/normal user account). Please create new user account by filling the Username, Full Name, Password and Confirm Password on the text box provided on this screen. You need to remember this new username and password (user account) since start from fedora 10.. you not allow to login as root user on Gnome/KDE GUI screen anymore... or might consider to do some tweaking to override the default setting to allow you to login as root user on Fedora 10.

Fedora 10 Create User Screen

Screen: Create User

It is recommended that you create a 'username' for regular (non-administrative) use of your system. To create a system 'username', please provide the information request below.

Username: _________________________

Full Name: _________________________

Password: _________________________

Confirm Password: _________________________

If you need to use network authentication, such as Kerberos or NIS, please click the Use Network Login button.

Action: Click the 'Forward' button to proceed after fill all the information need to create user for Fedora 10 system

Configure Fedora 10 Date and Time

Then the Fedora 10 system installation proceed with the date and time configuration. On this screen you can configure date and time for your Linux Fedora 10 system, click on Date calendar for current date and set the current time by changing the time on the Time box provided on the screen. The other option to configure date and time for the system, and if your system have the internet connection, click on the Network Time protocol tab, and set the date and time by select the Network Time Protocol server provided on the box.

Fedora 10 Date and Time Configuration

Screen: Date and Time

Please set the date and time for the system.

Action: Please configure the date and time and click 'Forward' key to proceed

Smolt Fedora 10 Hardware Profiler

Then the system installation setup agent proceed with the Fedora system Hardware profiler. The smolt hardware profiler detect your system hardware and make an profile out of it. This hardware profile contains all your system hardware information and your Linux Fedora operating system information that install on your system.. this hardware information use by the Developer to focus their efforts on popular hardware and platforms. Please note that on this screen, smolt fedora 10 hardware profiler enable you send your Fedora 10 system information profile anonymously.

Fedora 10 Hardware Profile

Screen: Hardware Profile

Smolt is a hardware profiler for The Fedora Project. Submitting your profile is a great way to give back to the community as this information is used to help focus our efforts on popular hardware and platforms. Submissions are anonymous. Sending your profile will enable a monthly update.

Action: Click on 'Finish' button to proceed, please note that if you want to send your system hardware profile.. click on the Send Profile before you click on the 'Finish' button.

Send Fedora 10 Hardware Profile

Then the dialog box appear ask you to reconsider sending system hardware profile, click on No, do not send to proceed and finish the firstboot setup agent configuration.

Hardware Profile

Screen: Send Hardware Profile

Are you sure you wouldn't like to send the profile?

Submitting your profile is a valuable source of information for our development and can help troubleshoot issues that may come up with your hardware.

Action: Click on 'No, do not send.' button to proceed without sending hardware profile information to Fedora.

Fedora 10 Log In Screen

The Fedora 10 Log In screen, the graphical login screen for Fedora 10 system. Click on the username to start log in to Fedora 10 system or you can change the username by click on Other and type in the username and password to start log in to the system.

Log in screen

Screen: Log in screen Fedora 10

Action: Click on username and type in your password and hit 'Enter' key to start log in

Default GNOME Desktop on Fedora 10

Linux Fedora 10 Gnome desktop. The default desktop screen for Gnome desktop on Fedora 10 system.

Gnome Desktop

Screen: Fedora 10 Gnome Desktop

Fedora 10 GNOME Log Out Screen

Fedora 10 system logout screen. The screen shot below show the logout screen on Gnome desktop for Fedora 10 system.

Gnome Log Out Screen

Screen: Log out of this system now?

You are currently logged in as "fedora 10".

You will be automatically logged out in 50 seconds.

Switch User Cancel Logout

Fedora 10 GNOME ShutDown Screen

ShutDown Fedora 10 screenshot. The screenshot below show the shutdown window box for Fedora 10 system.

Fedora 10 Shutdown

Screen: Shut down this system now?

You are currently logged in as "fedora 10".

This system will be automatically shutdown in 60 seconds.

Hibernate Restart Cancel Shut Down

Default Fedora 10 KDE Desktop

Linux Fedora 10 KDE desktop. The default desktop screen for KDE desktop on Fedora 10 system.

KDE Desktop

Screen: Fedora 10 KDE Desktop

Fedora 10 Logout Turn Off Restart Computer KDE Desktop Screen

The KDE logout, turn off computer and restart computer screenshot.

Turn Off Computer

Screen: Turn off computer in 50 seconds

Logout Turn Off Computer Restart Computer Cancel

To shutdown the system just click on 'Turn Off Computer' button

Fedora 10 Text Base Shell Log In Screen

The Linux Fedora 10 text base login screen. The text screen login give you the default shell after you log in. You need to press Ctrl + Alt + F1 (try.. F1, F2, F3, F4, F5, F6) to get this shell text login screen.

Fedora release 10 (Cambridge)

Screen: Fedora 10 shell log in screen

Fedora release 10 (Cambridge)

Kernel 2.6.27.5-117.fc10.i686 on an i686 (tty2)

localhost login:

Type in your user login name and hit 'Enter' key then key in your password and hit 'Enter' key again to log in to the system.

Step by step how to configure the computer bios setup to change computer boot sequence to boot from cd rom drive.

2009-10-06T14:57:00.001-07:00

Step-by-step how to set the computer, boot sequence to boot from installation media.

BIOS ROM (Basic Input Output System) has a built in Setup program that allows users to modify the basic system configuration. The Setup program store the computer information in CMOS RAM that is powered by a little battery that is located on the computer motherboard so that it will retain the computer information even if the computer is turned off.

To make computer to start or to boot from the CD-ROM, we need to configure the Bios Setup or CMOS Setup program and set the first boot sequence to CD-ROM drive.

How to enter the BIOS / CMOS Setup Program Utility.

1. When the computer power on, black screen appear on you monitor, wait until the message appears briefly at the bottom of the screen.

2. From the boot up screen message above, we know that the key need to press to enter the BIOS setup is [F2] key. Now press [F2] key to enter the setup program. This key may be vary from one machine to other machine, because this is key base on the manufacture of the BIOS Setup program.

Note: Other key that commonly used to enter the CMOS setup (BIOS setup)

Delete key.

Esc key.

F1 key.

F2 key.

F3 and F2 key.

F10 key.

Ctrl + Alt + Esc key.

Ctrl + Alt + S key.

How to change the boot sequence.

3. Press [F2] key until you see the BIOS Setup Utility screen, then go to the Boot Option tab then change the Boot sequence to CD-ROM drive as the first boot device.

NOTE: Use the < + > key to move the CD-ROM Drive up. Make sure that you read help menu on or blow the window screen

Item Specific Help

Key used to view or configure devices:

< Enter > expends or collapses devices with a + or -

< Ctrl + Enter > expands all

< Shift + 1 > enables or disables a device.

< + > and < - > moves the device up or down.

< n > May move removable device between Hard Disk or Removable Disk

< d > Remove a device that is not installed.

3. Save the configurations changes and exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup Utility by pressing the [F10] and then hit [ENTER] key to 'Save configuration changes and exit now?'.

Item Specific Help

Exit System Setup and save your changes to CMOS.

NOTE: Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the CMOS changes and Exit the BIOS / CMOS Setup Utility.

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Installation of Linux mandrake

2009-10-06T14:38:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF LINUX MANDRAKE

With the release of Mandrake 9.2 a few months ago, many are now trying there hands out on this new distros. In this article we are going to take a look at the installation and configuration of Mandrake 9.2 from the Windows user's perspective. For those of you who want to get hands-on facts on working with Mandrake 9.2, you can take a look at our multimedia training on this month at

If you are a graphical interface fan like me, you will be glad to know that the installation of Mandrake 9.2 can be done entirely through the graphical user interface similar to that found in Windows. For anyone who has installed an operating system before in will be a walk in the park.

Mandrake 9.2 comes on three CD's. With CD 1 and 2 housing most files depending on what options you have selected during the installation. Remember that Mandrake, like most Linux distros, can be optimized for games, server or workstation. Another huge advantage of Mandrake 9.2 is the vast array of languages that comes with it. You can choose to install and run Mandrake on more than 50 languages. The documentations are however in English.

Mandrake 9.2 installation consists of 11 easy steps that I am going to show you in this article: These steps are as follows:

1. Language 2. License 3. Security 4. Partitioning 5. Install System 6. Root Password	7. Add Users 8. Install Boot loader 9. Summary 10. Install Update 11. Finish Setup

The Installation

We are going to install Mandrake 9.2 on a clean hard disk and clean partition. I will tell you later how to setup Mandrake 9.2 on another partition next to another operating system. Since Mandrake 9.2 is probably the easiest distro for newbie to install, we are going to start right away with the installation procedure.

Assuming you have the Images on CD, which is easiest way to install Mandrake 9.2 then boot your computer with disk 1 and follow the instruction on the screen. The first screen you get is the initial splash screen that gives you the option to select the install mode by pressing F1. You have four install modes: the default 800 x 600 default mode, the lower resolution of 640 X 480 mode or a higher resolution of 1024 X 768 Graphic. The fourth option is to carry out the installation using the text mode. For this article you can choose to install using the default mode.

After the initial splash screen has been loaded you are prompted with the screen to accept the language you want to setup Mandrake with. Although you will get full installation guidance on any language chosen, you will not be able to run Mandrake fully utilizing another language except English because some information will still be popping up in English language.

The licensing option will be presented and then you can proceed with the selection of the other installation options. After accepting the licensing you will come to the screen where you need to set up security, and add users to the system.

When the partition has been successfully created, you can then proceed with the selection of the packages to be installed.

The package selection screen

You can choose to setup Mandrake 9.2 as a Workstation or a Server and for every system you can select the applications or packages you want to install. You can then choose which desktop you want to install. If you are new to all of this then you can choose to install both GNOME and KDE desktop.

When you are finished with the selection you can proceed with the installation of the OS and grab yourself a cup of coffee. From here on it is a straight forward procedure, you will only be required to change the disk when it is time. As soon as you change the second disk that will signal the round up of the installation.

When the partition has been successfully created, you can then proceed with the selection of the packages to be installed.

Here you can see the configuration of the system and make some adjustments

You are now ready to customize the hardware on your system. You will notice that all devices will be automatically detected but you may have one or two devices that will not be detected correctly; these devices will be marked red. Just go there with your mouse and correct it and accept the configuration.

Finally, you are done and you will see a screen that gives you a complete summary of the installed hardware. At this time you are ready to go. Select yes as to the question if you should keep the changes made and proceed to complete the installation.

Summary

The next screen of the Mandrake 9.2 setup will ask you to decide if you want to start Mandrake with the graphical interface. I will choose yes because we came from a Windows environment.

After this the installation will be completed and you are ready to get updates from the Internet and if you are not connected to the Internet you can skip that part and go on to conclude the installation. Reboot the system and you are ready to go.

The welcome screen of KDE

Conclusion

Like you can see, the installation of Mandrake 9.2 is like taking a walk in the park. Today Linux has come of age. Next we are going to take a look at the KDE graphical user interface.

Installation of windows 7

2009-10-04T13:36:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 7

The Windows 7 is finally here. It's released for beta testers a few days ago and I am here with a small step by step picture guided tour through the installation process. I downloaded the x86 version of the M3 build ( build No: 6801) from Microsoft Connect site, which is 2.72 GB ISO. The x64 version is around 3.2 GB in size.

The installation process was just like vista setup and to my surprise completed in just around 20 minutes in my low end Virtual hardware. This surely indicates the performance improvements Microsoft has put on this windows vista replacement.

The TestMachine

I decided to install Windows 7 in a VMware workstation first to make sure that the DVD I burned is perfect. VMware is great for taking screen shots and screen captures also.

VMWare Version: VMWare Workstation 6.5

Virtual HArddisk : 9 GB

RAM : 512 MB

Processor : Single Core

Windows Version : Windows 7 Ultimate M3 v6801-0-080913-2030

Preparing the DVD from the ISO image

Since most the people are installing Windows 7 in a real hardware, a DVD should be burned from the downloaded ISO image. You will need a DVD Burner, a DVD burning software and a blank DVD-R or DVD-RW to prepare the installation disk. I used a Sony single layer DVD-R as media and used Nero 8 as the DVD burning software. But for those who don't have Nero installed, CDBurnerXP is a free Alternative.

So using the DVD burning software of your choice burn the Windows 7 ISO image to the DVD. Make sure you choose the a very low burning speed, 4x or 8x, for better results.

Setting up your Computer & BIOS changes ( If required)

Now reboot your computer after popping in the all new Windows 7 DVD you just created in to the DVD Drive. In most cases if you do this you'll automatically boot in to the Windows 7 Installation DVD. But in some cases if the Boot device order is changed in the BIOS it may boot in to your older OS, instead of our DVD. In that case you'll need to change the BIOS settings to gt it done ( More details in a different tutorial).

Booting Up and First Installation Steps

Steps from here are pretty straight forward. Read the descriptions in each pages before clicking the Next button to avoid any disasters. IF there is options to choose in these steps you may find them with each images.

You may choose your Language options by selecting the dropdowns 'Language to install', 'Time and Currency format' and 'Keyboard or input method' here. I decided to leave everything to 'US' but it would be better for selecting the correct settings here for non-english users.

This screen is where the installation wizard begins. The install now options will leads to the advanced install options. For repairing a corrupt installation the 'Repair your computer' button located at the bottom-left can be used. For fresh installs just click the Install now button.

Tick the 'I accept the license terms' checkbox and click 'Next' to proceed.

Which type of installation do you want?

This screen provides two options, Upgrade and Custom (advanced). The upgrade option is for those who wish to upgrade an existing installation of older version of Windows to Windows 7. It is confirmed that Windows Vista can be upgraded to Windows 7 with out any issues, but Windows XP is still a problem.

We will opt for the second option here, the Custom install.

Where do you want to install Windows?

Clicking on the 'Custom' button brings the install location selection screen. In the test machine we have an un-partitioned empty disk. But in the case of a normal installation all your hard drive partitions (e.g. C:\ , D:\ etc.) will be listed here. Choose the drive as you like (a 15 GB size is recommended). Make sure the drive don't have any important data or the Windows 7 installation will wipe-out the contents of that partition. You can backup the data to another partition (e.g. for installing in D:\ drive move important files from there to say E:\ drive or to an external usb drive) for safe keeping.

Partitioning /Creating or Modifying Partitions

Click the Drive options (advanced) for advanced partition management options like 'Delete', 'Format', 'New' and 'Extend'. To create a new partition click the New button. But if you have list of partitions in the previous screen, choose the one where you are planning to install windows 7 and click Format. Then click 'Next' to proceed.

The 'New' option provides a text box to enter the size of the partition you wish to create in MBs. A 15 GB (15*1024 = 15360 MB) is recommended. In this case I opted for the full size of my virtual drive, i.e. 9216 MB. Click the Apply button to continue. You may be greeted with a message To ensure that all Windows features work correctly, windows might create additional partitions for system files. . This is a new feature in Windows 7 to have a small boot partition for system files. Click Okto continue.

So here we are, A new primary partition of 8.8 GB is created along with a System type partition of 200 MB. Select the partition you just created and click Next to continue.

All right, we are all set. The Windows 7 installation begins. time to grab a cup of coffee for and wait for 15 - 30 minutes for the all new OS!

Choose user name for your computer

Here put the product key of your windows 7

choose the Update option

Set the date and time

choose network local

Choose share files into yourlocal network

Congratulation you already have your windows 7 installed in your computer

Installation of windows vista

2009-10-04T11:22:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS VISTA

I had been maintaining my PC pretty much well and whenever I have problems I handle it myself. In a way I have managed to become a technician of my own PC and I sometimes help my friends to maintain their's as well. Often I am out of reach and my friends phone me up asking to directions of how to install Windows XP. It is pretty much hard to direct them via phone or on the chat. So I thought of writing this topic so that my friends and everyone who wants to install Windows XP would install it on their own following the instructions. What better way then to write it with step-by-step.

Below are the instructions with pictures.

You need to have following things at first:

1. Windows XP Professional/Home CD

2. Computer with CD/DVD optical appliance

Before you start installation take following things in consideration:

1. If you are reinstalling your Windows, then create backup for all your important files (documents, pictures, music, etc), and if needed take down net configuration settings.

2. You need to have CD/DVDs or download the newest drivers from producers homepages for your hardware like video card, sound card, motherboard, etc; and if needed driver for SATA disks controller.

3. You should unplug your net cable

4. Make sure that CD/DVD appliance is set as First Boot Device.

You need do this in BIOS setup. You can read it in your motherboard's manual for more information on how to do it. Usually to get to BIOS while system is starting you need to push one of the following buttons: "Del" (Delete), "F1", "F2", "F8" or "F10". (My PC follows "Del" key)

After you done it save changes with [Save & Exit]

With newest models pressing "F10" you can choose the appliance which will be the first booting device.

There are two types of BIOS version I mostly encountered. Below are the separate images for both of the versions:

a. BIOS version

b. BIOS version

Let's start with the installation process now…

You can install Windows Vista in several methods - all are valid and good, it all depends upon your needs and your limitations. In this manual I will focus on the simplest form of installation - directly from the Windows Vista DVD media.

More on other forms of installation can be found in the Windows Vista Information, Tweaking, Tips and Tricks section.

So, insert your Windows Vista DVD media into your DVD drive and reboot your computer. A black window will appear momentarily while the DVD content is read.

Unlike previous versions of Windows, Windows Vista does not have a noticeable text phase of the setup process, and it will boot directly into the Graphical User Interface (GUI) mode.

After a few moments you will see the first prompt:

Press Next unless you want to change some regional settings for the installation process.

Press the Install now button.

After a short delay you're be prompted to enter your product key

You can skip this part if you don't have the product key handy (read Install Windows Vista Without Supplying the Product Key for more info). However, if you do have a valid product key at that time (and you should have one, we're dealing with legal issues here), then by entering the right key the setup program knows which version of Vista to install.

If you skip it, you'll be prompted for a Vista version that matches your product key (the one you don't have handy at that moment):

1. You now have to accept the license terms:

Next you need to press the Custom (Advanced) installation type button:

The Upgrade button is disabled because this specific installation if performed on a new computer without any previous operating system on it.

The next phase is to pick the installation partition. Since this computer has a new hard disk that hasn't been formatted before, you will only have the option to create a new partition on it. Had it had previous partitions on it you could have chosen to either delete them or perform other tasks. Pressing the Advanced button will bring up the following options.

Since we don't need to perform any additional task we will just press on the Next button. The installation process will then create a partition on all the available disk space, and format it.

The setup process will now begin to copy files from the installation DVD media to the hard disk.

This will take some time:

After some time (the exact amount of time will greatly depend on your computer's hardware), the setup process will install updates for the operating system.

The computer will then automatically reboot.

Now comes a long waiting period, where the installation process configures the system. Again, the exact amount of time will greatly depend on your computer's hardware.

After the long wait, the system will then reboot once again.

You will think something went wrong because of the relative long time it take the system to display anything besides the black screen, but finally, after a few moments you will note a small colored circle:

A few seconds after that you will be prompted to enter a username and password for the first user on the computer.

Although the setup program will let you continue without entering a password, note that it is very advisable to enter a password here, and the best option would be to choose a complex password made of at least 7 characters or more (something like P@ssw0rd or MYpa$$w0rd). Make sure you remember it.

Also pick your user's display picture. This can be changed later.

Pick a name for your computer. The setup program will create one based upon the username you chose in the previous step, but you can change it now (and later).

Also pick a background for the user's desktop. This can be changed later.

Choose what sort of protection your computer gets. The recommended settings are best for someone that doesn't plan to hide their computer behind a corporate firewall (and even then, in some cases, this would be the best option). If you plan to install a 3rd-party firewall later you can opt to be prompted later.

Note that this setting will also have effect on how the computer uses the Microsoft Windows Update (Automatic Updates) features.

Next comes the Time Zone settings window. Choose your location.

A note for Israeli users: Finally! Windows Vista has the DST setting enabled for us!!!

Done! You're prompted with the last setup screen:

Again a long wait and some promotional screens you see the hourglass circling around, in preparation for the first logon.

Finally, the first screen appears, you're ready to rock and roll!

Note that if the computer was connected to the Internet while installing it, it will automatically download and prompt you to install any missing hotfix or update it finds for the current state of the operating system.

Done!

Installation of Windows XP

2009-09-30T17:02:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS XP

Below are the instructions with pictures.

You need to have following things at first:

1. Windows XP Professional/Home CD

2. Computer with CD/DVD optical appliance

Before you start installation take following things in consideration:

After you done it save changes with [Save & Exit]

With newest models pressing "F10" you can choose the appliance which will be the first booting device.

There are two types of BIOS version I mostly encountered. Below are the separate images for both of the versions:

a. BIOS version

b. BIOS version

Let's start with the installation process now…

To start Windows installation:

Put Windows XP CD and restart your computer.

You will see "Press any key to boot from CD …" so you must push any button on your keyboard to proceed.

Press any key, for example the SPACE hey, or a letter key.

1 - The system will boot from cd:

2 - Wait untill the following screen appears and press Enter

3 - Press PageDown to read the terms and conditions and after that press F8 when the screen appears:

4 - Press C to create a partition:

5 - Enter the desired partition size in Megabytes. (1 Gigabyte = 1024 Megabytes) and press Enter:

6 - Select the partition where you wold like the Operating System to be installed (I have only one here) and press Enter:

7 - Select the format type (you should choose NTFS) and press Enter to continue:

8 - Please wait while the Setup formats the partition:

9 - Formatting…

10 - Please wait while setup copies files:

11 - Your computer will reboot in 15 seconds after finishing copying files. You can also press Enter when the screen allows you to:

12 - DO NOT press any key when the computer reboots and asks for it. Just IGNORE it:

13 - You will see the first bootscreen of Windows:

14 - Setup screen will appear, continuing the setup process:

15 - The following setup step will ask you to customize your regional and language options. After selecting the apropriate one press Next:

16 - Here you have to enter your Name and Organisation(you can leave it blank) and press Next:

17 - The next screen will ask you for the Product Key found on the back of the case of the Windows XP CD:

18 - Insert the 15 character Product Key in the boxes (5 for each one) and press Next :

19 - Insert your Computer name and the Administrator password (MEMORIZE IT!), and press Next:

20 - Set the Time and the Time Zone and click Next:

21 - Be patient and do not take in consideration the countdown in the left

22 - Choose the typical settings and press Next:

23 - Select the second option only if your computer is part of a Domain, otherwise leave it as it is and press Next:

24 - Be really patient from now on:

25 - Only one minute left:

26 - Don't worry this is not THE Blue Screen Of Death (BSOD) it's just a blue screen, look you can even see the mouse pointer

27 - The bootscreen again…

28 - Just click OK:

29 - If you see the following screen press ok in the next 30 seconds, otherwise wait for 30 seconds (the system will decrease the resolution and refresh rate):

30 - First screen from your new-installed OS:

31 - Just press Next:

2 - Select whether you want automatic updates on or off and press Next (I personally hate automatic update process and turned it off):

33 - Just click Skip (I will show you in a later post how to setup your internet connection and firewall rules):

34 - Select whether you want to register or not and press Next (I did not):

35 - Enter the usernames of the people who will use the computer (I suggest you add only one username, you can add others later) and press Next:

36 - Just press Finish:

37 - Your first welcome screen

38 - And finally your desktop

Congratulations, you have just installed Windows XP

Installation of windows 2000

2009-09-30T16:13:00.001-07:00

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 2000

First make sure that CD/DVD appliance is set as First Boot Device.

After you done it save changes with [Save & Exit]

With newest models pressing "F10" you can choose the appliance which will be the first booting device.

There are two types of BIOS version I mostly encountered. Below are the separate images for both of the versions:

a. BIOS version

b. BIOS version

Let's start with the installation process now…

Insert the CD-ROM Windows 2000 Professional CD into the drive. And start your computer.

After few minutes the following window appears:

Menu 1 allows boot disk if you have not yet done your backups, select this option.

Menu 2 allows to boot from the CD-ROM to install Windows 98.

Press 1 then Enter.

Enter to do a fresh install of Windows 2000 Professional.

Press R to repair an installation of Windows 2000 Professional already on the hard disk.

F3 exits the installation of Windows 2000 Professional.

Press Enter.

If your hard disk is not formatted, the following window appears.

The C button allows you to continue the installation.

F3 exits the installation of Windows 2000 Professional.

Press C.

The license agreement appears.

Press F8.

Enter to use any disk space Hard Disk 4GB or so in our case.

The C key to create a partition of the desired size.

F3 exits the installation of Windows 2000 Professional.

If you want to use any disk space Hard Disk press Enter.

For my part, I recommend creating two partitions distinctness. One for the system and the other for data.

Press C.

Preparation of the system partition.

Enter the size you want for your system partition. In our example: 2200 MB

Press Enter.

We visualize the state of the HDD. A partition (C:) 2,200 MB named for New will install Windows 2000 Professional. and selecte the other partition for active it ( don't forget when you finish install windows 2000, go my computer and click on D: right with mouse and click format after you can use that partition)

Enter key to use this partition to install Windows 2000 Professional.

The S button to delete the selected partition.

F3 exits the installation of Windows 2000 Professional.

Press Enter

Choose the type of formatting.

For Windows 2000 Professional, it is advisable to format the system partition to NTFS.

Choose this option and press Enter.

The C: partition is being formatted.

Installation of different files to run Windows 2000 Professional.

Reboot the PC after 15 seconds.

when reboot the computer you'll see Presss any key to boot cd but don't do nothing after will apear

after going to appear part to choose language

Click next after choose the language

Here choose name of you computer and click next

Here you you have name of your computer inside of local network, and click next

choose the time and date

click next to continue

click finish

here you are already have your windows installing in your computer

Installation of windows 98 se

2009-09-29T15:27:00.000-07:00

INSTALLATION OF WINDOWS 98 Second Edition

Windows 98 Second Edition Microsoft was released June 10, 1999, it joined from the classic Windows 98 version of Internet Explorer 5, a somewhat heavy file sharing on the Internet or DVD format support, it offered also greater stability for the management of AMR. This OS offers a wave of freshness compared to its big brother Windows 95 and runs on systems very little power, indeed a an Intel Pentium 200 Mhz with 64 MB of RAM can largely be dressed with this OS.

Prerequisite:

The installation CD of Windows 98 SE is a bootable CD so be sure in your system BIOS that the CD-ROM is before the hard drive in your boot device

must also include 64 MB of RAM and hard drive 2 GB minimum see 4 GB of space to comfortably install the OS. Once your setup ready to install just started.

Phase 1: Start with support for CD-ROM on the MS-DOS ( sorry if the pictures of windows 98 are in french but just language change everything the same)

Phase 2: The system prepares drivers for the CD-ROM under DOS and tells you that the drive does not FAT 32 partition to install Windows 98 SE. He remains on the prompt (A: \)

Phase 3: The utility fdisk will allow the stadium to create a partition on the hard disk so that it is not usable system. (Enter FDISK Entry)

The FDISK utility starts and displays a first configuration message to the hard drive. As the hard disk is larger than 512 MB should activate the FAT 32. (To Entry.)

On the main menu FDSIK go to menu 1 (type 1 + Enter)

In the submenu select 1: Create Primary DOS Partition. (Type 1 + Enter)

FDISK asks whether it means using the full size available on disk. Answer yes (enter)

A message then indicates q'uil must restart the machine. (Restart)

Phase 4: The PC restarts with the inclusion of CD-ROM by the letter (E: \).

Format the created partition (C: \) (type format c: Entry)

(Type O + entry)

Once formatting is complete the partition name "Windows 98SE (Windows 98SE + Enter input)

Once revennu invited to start the installation. (Enter install + Enter)

(To enter to continue)

(Wait ...)

Phase 5: Installation begins by analyzing the partition with the tools CHKDSK. (Microsoft ScanDisk)

Arrived on the screen to choose to leave the result with the arrow keys and confirm (enter Q + entry)

Phase 6: The interface for installing advanced Windows 98 loads and prompts you to continue the installation. (Click to continue)

(Wait ...)

Make the following choices for the installation directory. (Click below)

(Wait ...)

Choose the default installation and click suigvant. (To enter)

Select install the most current and do next. (To Entry)

Enter the desired information to this screen and do the following.

Select the country of use and do Next.

Prepare to create a boot disk.

Start copying files (Click below).

Wait while copying files.

Remove the CD-ROM for Windows 98 SE restart and click OK.

Step 7: The Sytème reboots and prompts for a name and a business owner. Enter the following information and click next.

Accept the license agreement from Microsoft, and click Next.

Enter the license number included with the operating system and click Next.

Click Finish.

(Wait ...)

Set time and date and close the window.

(Wait ...) and insert the Windows disc in the CD-ROM.

Step 8: restart the systems at one and finally displays the first screen of the OS.

At first start the IDE-ATAPI drivers are not yet operational in Windows 98 SE, so there is no CD available at first boot of the OS. At the requests of the OS to insert the CD-ROM Windows 98 Second Edition should just cancel. The main drivers installed and then the reader will be available after reboot. We must therefore accept the installation of drivers giving way as "C: \ windows \ system \" or "C: \ Windows \". If these two paths do not work cancel the installation of the device to move on. At the end restart.

This step is most critical of the facility and can not be explained here because it changes for each machine. This part is not standard.

It remains then to configure the operating system for different user need. A section reserved for the most common configurations is available on the site.