Ubuntu Indo

Konfigurasi MySQL Connector JDBC Di Ubuntu dan Windows

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sun, 03 Feb 2013 09:03:00 +0000

Step 1 : Kebutuhan

Jdk

Download : http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/index.html

Install (Microsoft Windows (XP/Vista/7) & Ubuntu): http://sidiq.mercubuana-yogya.ac.id/2010/09/installasi-dan-konfigurasi-java-jdk-dan-jre-di-ubuntu-dan-windows/

Xampp / Lampp

Microsoft Windows (XP/Vista/7)

Download : http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-windows.html

Install : Double klik File xampp-win32-1.7.3.exe

Ubuntu (Linux)
Download : http://www.apachefriends.org/en/xampp-linux.html

Install :
```
dnd@riyaniezt:~$ sudo tar xvfz xampp-linux-1.7.3a.tar.gz -C /opt
```
JDBC

Download “MySQL Connector For Java” : http://dev.mysql.com/downloads/connector/j/

Step 2 : Install

Microsoft Windows (XP/Vista/7)

Ekstrak file “mysql-connector-java-5.1.18.tar.gz”.
copy-kan file “mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar” ke directory : “C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_02\lib”.

Ubuntu (Linux)

Ekstrak file “mysql-connector-java-5.1.18.tar.gz”
Copy-kan file “mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar” ke directory : “/opt/java/jdk1.7.0_02/lib/”,Console :
```
dnd@riyaniezt:~$ sudo cp  mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar /opt/java/jdk1.7.0_02/lib/
```

Step 3 : Konfigurasi CLASSPATH

Microsoft Windows (XP/Vista/7)

Klik kanan icon My Computer, kemudian klik Properties,
Kemudian pilih Advanced System Setting,
Setelah muncul window System Properties,
Pilih tab Advanced klik Environment Variables, maka akan muncul window Environment Variables ,
Untuk menambahkan CLASSPATH, Pada bagian System variables klik New ,
Pada text box Variable name isi dengan CLASSPATH,
Pada Variable value isi dengan Alamat dari directory dimana MySQL Conector diletakkan,
```
.;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.7.0_02\libmysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar
```
Klik OK sebanyak tiga kali berturut-turut,
Untuk memastikan setingan sudah berhasil, buka Command Prompt (CMD)
```
echo %CLASSPATH%
```
Restart komputer.

Ubuntu (Linux)

File Dependencies,

dnd@riyaniezt:~$ sudo apt-get install libmysql-java

Edit File “Environment”,

dnd@riyaniezt:~$ sudo gedit /etc/environment

Tambahkan baris perintah berikut ke dalam file “Environment” :

CLASSPATH=".:/opt/java/jdk1.7.0_02/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar"

kemudian Save.

Tulis perintah berikut (untuk memastikan bahwa setingan JDBC telah berhasil)

dnd@riyaniezt:~$ echo $CLASSPATH
.:/opt/java/jdk1.7.0_02/lib/mysql-connector-java-5.1.18-bin.jar
dnd@riyaniezt:~$

Restart komputer.
```
dnd@riyaniezt:~$ sudo reboot
```

Step 4 : Test Koneksi JDBC & MySQL

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;

class TestJDBC
{
  private static final String url = "jdbc:mysql://localhost";
  private static final String user = "[Insert User to access MySQL]";
  private static final String password = "[Insert password to access MySQL]";

  public static void main(String args[])
  {
    try
     {
       Connection con = DriverManager.getConnection(url, user, password);
       System.out.println("JDBC & MySQL successfully connected");
       System.out.println("By : http://sq.web.id");
     }
    catch (Exception e)
     {
       e.printStackTrace();
     }
  }
}

Output :

* … Good Luck !… *

Koneksi Java ke MySQL dengan JDBC

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 26 Nov 2012 09:43:00 +0000

Berikut contoh class koneksi Java ke database MySQL menggunakan JDBC. Sebelumnya import library MySQL JDBC Driver ke project. Apabila menggunakan NetBean IDE, caranya adalah klik kanan pada Libraries > pilih Add Library… (gambar 1). Setelah itu baru buat java class dengan nama DatabaseConnection, berikut source codenya:

package controller; import com.mysql.jdbc.Connection; import java.sql.DriverManager; import java.sql.SQLException; /** * @about : class untuk koneksi ke database MySQL dengan JDBC */ public class DatabaseConnection { private Connection con = null; private static DatabaseConnection dbcon = null; static final String DB_URL = "jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/latihan"; static final String DB_USER = "root"; static final String DB_PASS = ""; // constructor public DatabaseConnection() { if (con == null) { try { // loading driver Class.forName("com.mysql.jdbc.Driver").newInstance(); // connect ke database con = (Connection) DriverManager.getConnection(DB_URL, DB_USER, DB_PASS); System.out.println("Koneksi Berhasil"); } catch (Exception ex) { System.out.println("Koneksi Gagal"); } } } // mengecek apakah sudah ada koneksi public static DatabaseConnection getInstance() { DatabaseConnection con = null; if (dbcon == null) { dbcon = new DatabaseConnection(); con = dbcon; } else { con = dbcon; } return con; } public Connection getCon() throws SQLException { return this.con; } }

Sekarang kita bisa panggil class tersebut pada class lain, contohnya buat java class dengan nama TesConnection, berikut contoh source codenya:

package controller; import java.sql.Connection; import java.sql.SQLException; import java.util.logging.Level; import java.util.logging.Logger; /** * @about : coba koneksi */ public class TestConnection { public static void main(String[] args) { DatabaseConnection koneksi = DatabaseConnection.getInstance(); try { Connection con = koneksi.getCon(); } catch (SQLException ex) { Logger.getLogger(TestConnection.class.getName()).log(Level.SEVERE, null, ex); } } }

References : http://thesuhu.wordpress.com/2011/11/04/koneksi-java-ke-mysql-dengan-jdbc/
http://bisakomputer.com/koneksi-database-mysql-berbasis-gui-menggunakan-java/

Membuat Syntax Highlighter di Blog

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 26 Nov 2012 09:25:00 +0000

Mudah Membuat Syntax Highlighter di Blog ~ Apakah anda merasa asing dengan istilah tersebut atau bahkan sebaliknya, istilah Syntax Highlighter sudah sering terdengar di telinga anda?. Jangan lupa baca juga Cara Mudah Membatasi Jumlah Tampilan Posting Label Blog.

Syntax Highlighter atau Penyorotan Sintaks adalah fitur dari beberapa editor teks yang menampilkan teks, terutama source code dalam berbagai warna serta font sesuai dengan kategori istilah.

Fitur ini memudahkan kita dalam menulis dalam bahasa terstruktur seperti bahasa pemrograman atau bahasa markup serta penulisan berupa syntax-syntax blog. Berikut ini cara membuat syntax highlighter di blog :

1. Login ke akun blogger anda

2. Klik Menu Rancangan, lalu pilih Edit HTML

3. Jangan lupa centang terlebih dahulu

4. Cari kode ]]></b:skin> dan letakkan kode di bawah ini sebelum kode ]]></b:skin>

.dp-highlighter
{
 font-family: "Consolas", "Monaco", "Courier New", Courier, monospace;
 font-size: 12px;
 background-color: #E7E5DC;
 width: 99%;
 overflow: auto;
 margin: 18px 0 18px 0 !important;
 padding-top: 1px; /* adds a little border on top when controls are hidden */
}

/* clear styles */
.dp-highlighter ol,
.dp-highlighter ol li,
.dp-highlighter ol li span
{
 margin: 0;
 padding: 0;
 border: none;
}

.dp-highlighter a,
.dp-highlighter a:hover
{
 background: none;
 border: none;
 padding: 0;
 margin: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter .bar
{
 padding-left: 45px;
}

.dp-highlighter.collapsed .bar,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter .bar
{
 padding-left: 0px;
}

.dp-highlighter ol
{
 list-style: decimal; /* for ie */
 background-color: #fff;
 margin: 0px 0px 1px 45px !important; /* 1px bottom margin seems to fix occasional Firefox scrolling */
 padding: 0px;
 color: #5C5C5C;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol li
{
 list-style: none !important;
 margin-left: 0px !important;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li,
.dp-highlighter .columns div
{
 list-style: decimal-leading-zero;
 list-style-position: outside !important;
 border-left: 3px solid #6CE26C;
 background-color: #F8F8F8;
 color: #5C5C5C;
 padding: 0 3px 0 10px !important;
 margin: 0 !important;
 line-height: 14px;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter ol li,
.dp-highlighter.nogutter .columns div
{
 border: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter .columns
{
 background-color: #F8F8F8;
 color: gray;
 overflow: hidden;
 width: 100%;
}

.dp-highlighter .columns div
{
 padding-bottom: 5px;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li.alt
{
 background-color: #FFF;
 color: inherit;
}

.dp-highlighter ol li span
{
 color: black;
 background-color: inherit;
}

/* Adjust some properties when collapsed */
.dp-highlighter.collapsed ol
{
 margin: 0px;
}

.dp-highlighter.collapsed ol li
{
 display: none;
}

/* Additional modifications when in print-view */
.dp-highlighter.printing
{
 border: none;
}

.dp-highlighter.printing .tools
{
 display: none !important;
}

.dp-highlighter.printing li
{
 display: list-item !important;
}

/* Styles for the tools */
.dp-highlighter .tools
{
 padding: 3px 8px 3px 10px;
 font: 9px Verdana, Geneva, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
 color: silver;
 background-color: #f8f8f8;
 padding-bottom: 10px;
 border-left: 3px solid #6CE26C;
}

.dp-highlighter.nogutter .tools
{
 border-left: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter.collapsed .tools
{
 border-bottom: 0;
}

.dp-highlighter .tools a
{
 font-size: 9px;
 color: #a0a0a0;
 background-color: inherit;
 text-decoration: none;
 margin-right: 10px;
}

.dp-highlighter .tools a:hover
{
 color: red;
 background-color: inherit;
 text-decoration: underline;
}

/* About dialog styles */
.dp-about { background-color: #fff; color: #333; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; }
.dp-about table { width: 100%; height: 100%; font-size: 11px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif !important; }
.dp-about td { padding: 10px; vertical-align: top; }
.dp-about .copy { border-bottom: 1px solid #ACA899; height: 95%; }
.dp-about .title { color: red; background-color: inherit; font-weight: bold; }
.dp-about .para { margin: 0 0 4px 0; }
.dp-about .footer { background-color: #ECEADB; color: #333; border-top: 1px solid #fff; text-align: right; }
.dp-about .close { font-size: 11px; font-family: Tahoma, Verdana, Arial, sans-serif !important; background-color: #ECEADB; color: #333; width: 60px; height: 22px; }

/* Language specific styles */
.dp-highlighter .comment, .dp-highlighter .comments { color: #008200; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .string { color: blue; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .keyword { color: #069; font-weight: bold; background-color: inherit; }
.dp-highlighter .preprocessor { color: gray; background-color: inherit; }

5. Cari kode </head> dan letakkan kode di bawah ini sebelum kode </head>

6. Cari kode </body> dan letakkan kode di bawah ini sebelum kode </body>

Info :

Setiap mempublikasikan post yang terdapat kode-kode di dalamnya, sobat blogger harus memasukkan kode tersebut seperti contoh d bawah ini!

<textarea name="code" class="c#" cols="60" rows="10">

Kode Yang Akan Ditampilkan Diletakkan Disini

</textarea>

References : http://bangvandawablog.blogspot.com/2012/10/cara-mudah-membuat-syntax-highlighter-diblog.html

Disk drive for /boot is not ready yet or not present?

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Wed, 14 Nov 2012 10:11:00 +0000

fter a long gap,I am back to Ubuntu from Fedora and I am really impressed by the pleasing interface ‘Lucid Lynx’ comes up with.
After installing Windows XP ,I installed Ubuntu 10.04.The installation process was smooth.But the problem I faced when I restarted the system is, at the splash startup screen.It said ,
The disk drive for /boot is not ready yet or not present.
Continue to wait, press S to skip or M for manual recovery.
I waited for a long time and it is of no use.so I skipped the process and edited some file to mount it automatically.
here is what I did,

1.Open your terminal by ctrl+alt+t or Applications –> Accessories –> Terminal

2.use the below command in terminal,

gksudo gedit /etc/fstab

3.A file will open,find /boot line.It will look something like this ,

/dev/sda2 /boot ext4 defaults 0 0

4.Now open another terminal and use the below command ,

ls -l /dev/disk/by-uuid

5.Now find the UUID for /dev/sda2 and replace the below line in fstab ,

/dev/sda2 /boot ext4 defaults 0 0

as

UUID=a647ea33-74ee-4123-84bf-7edc32e2e39b /boot ext4 defaults 0 0

[Replace the UUID number with your number]

6.save the file and restart the system.It will work fine.The same solution can be addressed for /dev/sda mounting problem.

Mysql Password Reset

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Tue, 13 Nov 2012 09:02:00 +0000

MysqlPasswordReset

Content Cleanup Required: This article should be cleaned-up to follow the content standards in the Wiki Guide. More info...

Please do not make any edits to this article. Its contents are currently under review and being merged with the Ubuntu Server Guide. To find the Ubuntu Server Guide related to your specific version, please go to:

https://help.ubuntu.com/ and click on Ubuntu Server Guide

Why are you looking at this wiki page?

Are you looking at this page because you cannot access the mysql server installed on your pc/server when you were trying to see if it works well? Or do you receive error messages like the following? :

ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using 
password: NO)

ERROR 1045: Access denied for user: 'root@localhost' (Using 
password: YES)

To resolve this problem ,a fast and always working way is the "Password Resetting" .

How can I reset my MySQL password?

Following this procedure, you will disable access control on the MySQL server. All connexions will have a root access. It is a good thing to unplug your server from the network or at least disable remote access.

To reset your mysqld password just follow these instructions :

Stop the mysql demon process using this command :
- ```
   sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
```
Start the mysqld demon process using the --skip-grant-tables option with this command
- ```
   sudo /usr/sbin/mysqld --skip-grant-tables --skip-networking &
```

Because you are not checking user privs at this point, it's safest to disable networking. In Dapper, /usr/bin/mysgld... did not work. However, mysqld --skip-grant-tables did.

start the mysql client process using this command
- ```
   mysql -u root
```
from the mysql prompt execute this command to be able to change any password
- ```
   FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
```

Then reset/update your password

   SET PASSWORD FOR root@'localhost' = PASSWORD('password');

If you have a mysql root account that can connect from everywhere, you should also do:
- ```
   UPDATE mysql.user SET Password=PASSWORD('newpwd') WHERE User='root';
```

Alternate Method:

   USE mysql
   UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
   WHERE Host = 'localhost' AND User = 'root';

And if you have a root account that can access from everywhere:

   USE mysql
   UPDATE user SET Password = PASSWORD('newpwd')
   WHERE Host = '%' AND User = 'root';

For either method, once have received a message indicating a successful query (one or more rows affected), flush privileges:

FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

Then stop the mysqld process and relaunch it with the classical way:

sudo /etc/init.d/mysql stop
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql start

When you have completed all this steps ,you can easily access to your mysql server with the password you have set in the step before. An easy way to have a full control of your mysql server is phpmyadmin (www.phpmyadmin.net), software made in php that can give you a web interface that can be very usefull to people that havent got a lot of confidence with bash .To install phpmyadmin on you server you will need to have 4 things:

web server apache
php
mysql server/mysql client installed
php_mysql support for apache

All packages can be found browsing synaptic.

Another way, purge

I also had some problems with mysql just not accepting my password. I tried the other way as well and it just ended up being difficult. I had not been able to use mysql so it was empty anyway. If this is also your case you may opt for the PURGE way. This removes every file related to mysql. Depending on your installation the packages might be diffrent, mysql-server in 6.10 is called mysql-server-5.0 as an example.

USE THIS AS A LAST RESORT METHOD, YOU WILL LOSE ALL YOUR MYSQL DATA

sudo apt-get --purge remove mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client

sudo apt-get install mysql-server mysql-common mysql-client

In the next step be sure to chance the your-new-password with the password you want!

mysqladmin -u root password your-new-password
sudo /etc/init.d/mysql restart

mysql -u root -p

You should now be logged in as root. Make sure to notedown your password! Thanks to Illuvator for posting this method in the ubuntu forum.

MysqlPasswordReset (last edited 2011-03-14 21:42:35 by anatol)

Remote Desktop Logins directly from the login screen has been enabled in Ubuntu 12.10.

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 12 Nov 2012 11:42:00 +0000

Support for Remote Desktop Logins directly from the login screen has been enabled in Ubuntu 12.10.
The feature will allow you to enter a full-screen remote login without needing to login to Ubuntu itself, or install additional apps. It all happens ‘out of the box’.
Now, as if that wasn’t handy enough Canonical are also integrating Remote Login with the Ubuntu Single Sign On service.
The result of this tie-up is that you won’t need to remember endless technical logins, server hosts and passwords; you just ener your Ubuntu One account details and the greeter will pull in your Remote data.

Adding Remote Login Data

In the version of Remote Login in Ubuntu 12.10 at present you can’t use the feature without using the Ubuntu SSO method. If you just want to hammer in the details directly you can’t – you’ll still need to login to a session and use one the Remmina client.
But if you already have an Ubuntu One account then you’re all set. Hit the ‘?’ icon in the upper-right of the login box and you’ll see a set-up prompt appear.
Clicking ‘Ok’ on this launches an Ubuntu guest session, with Firefox already opened on the UCCS page.
Hit the ‘Remote Desktops’ tab, enter your Ubuntu One account details, followed by ‘ Add Remote Desktop’ button.

Three types of ‘remote’ connections are supported at present:

ICA (Citrux)
RDP
VMWare View

After you’re done adding (and you’ve remembered to hit ‘Add’) you can log out of the guest session and return to the main login screen. Here, select the ‘Remote Login’ option and enter your Ubuntu Single Sign On details.
After a brief stutter the remote desktops you added to your account will be available for you to select:

Image Credit: Ted Gould

Connect to Ubuntu 11.04 from Windows via Remote Desktop

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 12 Nov 2012 11:39:00 +0000

Connect to Ubuntu 11.04 from Windows via Remote Desktop

Last week we showed you how to use Remote Desktop Protocol (RDP) to connect from Ubuntu to Windows 7. Today, I will show you how to use the same Remote Desktop Protocol to connect from Windows to Ubuntu 11.04 Natty Narwhal. If you ever wanted to connect to Ubuntu via Remote Desktop Connection, then this tutorial will help you do that.
There are many ways to connect to Ubuntu from Windows and RDP protocol is just one of the many ways.

Getting started:

To get started, press Ctrl – Alt – T on your keyboard to open Terminal. When Terminal opens, type the command below to install xrdp server.

sudo apt-get install xrdp

Next, go to Start –> All Programs –> Accessories –> Remote Desktop Connection from your Windows computer and type the IP address or Hostname of the Ubuntu machine then click ‘Connect’

When prompted, enter your Ubuntu username and password and click ‘OK’

Enjoy!

That’s all to it.

Quick subnet calculating techniques

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sat, 09 Jul 2011 14:25:00 +0000

Note:

It is highly suggested to read the above prerequisite link before reading this topic due to some terminologies and understanding of the link content. Basically this is the 2nd chapter of the prerequisite link content. Even when you feel you understand Class C network subnetting already and are ready to move up to the next level, it is always a good idea to refresh the concepts and some definitions.

The Basic Concept

Similar to Class C subnet calculation (/24 or smaller subnet), basic concept applies to Class B (/16 or smaller subnet up to /23) and Class A (/8 or smaller subnet up to /15) subnet calculations. When the first 3 octets in Class C subnet calculation are always constant and only last octet changes (as shown above), the first 2 and last octets in Class B subnet calculation are always constant where only the third octet changes. Similarly, the first and last two octets in Class A subnet calculation are always constant where only the second octet changes.

Quick Review

Let's review a 192.168.0.0/23 network. As you can see, this is a broadcast network. You can then determine the following

192.168.0.0/23

IP Address           : 192.168.0.0
Subnet Mask          : /23 (or 255.255.254.0)
IP address range     : 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.1.255
Network ID           : 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast    : 192.168.1.255
Host IP address range: 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.1.254

Understanding /23 and Larger Network

In 255.255.255.254 (/31), you can see this as a network that consists of two 255.255.255.255 (/32) networks. You can apply the same understanding on looking /23 network. By considering the last octet, you should be able to see 255.255.254.0 (/23) as a network consisting of two 255.255.255.0 (/24) networks.

The above concepts show that you can see subnet as groups of multiple single IP addresses (/32) or as groups of multiple smaller subnets. Recall that in the »Cisco Forum FAQ »Quick and Easy Subnetting on Routing, Switching and Network Design Relationship, there are illustrations showing such in Class C network subnetting.

Following is a list of smaller subnet groups to make up Class B network

/16 = 2 x /17 = 4 x /18 = 8 x /19 = 16 x /20 = 32 x /21 = 64 x /22 = 128 x /23 = 256 x /24
/17 = 2 x /18 = 4 x /19 = 8 x /20 = 16 x /21 = 32 x /22 = 64 x /23 = 128 x /24
/18 = 2 x /19 = 4 x /20 = 8 x /21 = 16 x /22 = 32 x /23 = 64 x /24
/19 = 2 x /20 = 4 x /21 = 8 x /22 = 16 x /23 = 32 x /24
/20 = 2 x /21 = 4 x /22 = 8 x /23 = 16 x /24
/21 = 2 x /22 = 4 x /23 = 8 x /24
/22 = 2 x /23 = 4 x /24
/23 = 2 x /24

The same concept applies to both Class B and Class A network subnetting. While the Class B network (such as /23 network or larger up to /16) can be seen as groups of Class C networks (/24) as shown, the same concept applies to Class A network (/15 network or larger) where the Class A network can be seen as groups of Class B networks.

Following is a list of smaller subnet groups to make up Class A network

/8 = 2 x /9 = 4 x /10 = 8 x /11 = 16 x /12 = 32 x /13 = 64 x /14 = 128 x /15 = 256 x /16
/9 = 2 x /10 = 4 x /11 = 8 x /12 = 16 x /13 = 32 x /14 = 64 x /15 = 128 x /16
/10 = 2 x /11 = 4 x /12 = 8 x /13 = 16 x /14 = 32 x /15 = 64 x /16
/11 = 2 x /12 = 4 x /13 = 8 x /14 = 16 x /15 = 32 x /16
/12 = 2 x /13 = 4 x /14 = 8 x /15 = 16 x /16
/13 = 2 x /14 = 4 x /15 = 8 x /16
/14 = 2 x /15 = 4 x /16
/15 = 2 x /16

Some discussions

»[CCNA] Calculating VLSM summary for ICEND2
»Route Summarization

Determine Subnet Mask Format

You may wonder how to state the subnet mask format as 255.255.254.0. Determine such basically follows the same understanding as determine 255.255.255.254 (the /31).

As you may notice, the 255 represents one of 255 and the 254 represents two of 255. In /31 (255.255.255.254), there are two 255 (two 255.255.255.255). By applying the same understanding, there are two 255 (two 255.255.255.0) in /23 (255.255.254.0).

Determine IP Address Number

In /24 or smaller networks (within Class C network),

/32 = 255.255.255.255 = 1   IP address
/31 = 255.255.255.254 = 2   IP addresses
/30 = 255.255.255.252 = 4   IP addresses
/29 = 255.255.255.248 = 8   IP addresses
/28 = 255.255.255.240 = 16  IP addresses
/27 = 255.255.255.224 = 32  IP addresses
/26 = 255.255.255.192 = 64  IP addresses
/25 = 255.255.255.128 = 128 IP addresses
/24 = 255.255.255.0   = 256 IP addresses = a single Class C network

Within Class B network, you have the following

/24 = 255.255.255.0 = 1   Class C network  = 1   x 256 = 256 IP addresses
/23 = 255.255.254.0 = 2   Class C networks = 2   x 256 = 512 IP addresses
/22 = 255.255.252.0 = 4   Class C networks = 4   x 256 = 1024 IP addresses
/21 = 255.255.248.0 = 8   Class C networks = 8   x 256 = 2048 IP addresses
/20 = 255.255.240.0 = 16  Class C networks = 16  x 256 = 4096 IP addresses
/19 = 255.255.224.0 = 32  Class C networks = 32  x 256 = 8192 IP addresses
/18 = 255.255.192.0 = 64  Class C networks = 64  x 256 = 16384 IP addresses
/17 = 255.255.128.0 = 128 Class C networks = 128 x 256 = 32768 IP addresses
/16 = 255.255.0.0   = 256 Class C networks = 256 x 256 = 65536 IP addresses = one Class B  network

Note that the concept of size doubling still applies in Class B network as in Class C network as mentioned. As illustrations, there are 2 of /24 within /23; 2 of /23 within /22; and 2 of /18 within /17 networks.

Implementing /23 Network

Let's say an organization decide to use 192.168.0.0/23 as a single subnet without subnetting it to smaller subnets. Let's say the gateway IP address would be 192.168.0.1, although in reality a gateway IP address can be any IP address within valid range of 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.1.254.

Some hosts within the subnet will have the following network info

192.168.0.34/23

IP Address           : 192.168.0.34
Subnet Mask          : /23 (or 255.255.254.0)
IP address range     : 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.1.255
Network ID           : 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast    : 192.168.1.255
IP Address Order #   : 35
Gateway IP Address   : 192.168.0.1
Host IP address range: 192.168.0.2 - 192.168.1.254

192.168.1.0/23

IP Address           : 192.168.1.0
Subnet Mask          : /23 (or 255.255.254.0)
IP address range     : 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.1.255
Network ID           : 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast    : 192.168.1.255
IP Address Order #   : 257
Gateway IP Address   : 192.168.0.1
Host IP address range: 192.168.0.2 - 192.168.1.254

192.168.0.255/23

IP Address           : 192.168.0.255
Subnet Mask          : /23 (or 255.255.254.0)
IP address range     : 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.1.255
Network ID           : 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast    : 192.168.1.255
IP Address Order #   : 256
Gateway IP Address   : 192.168.0.1
Host IP address range: 192.168.0.2 - 192.168.1.254

Octet and Subnet Calculation

Similar to /24 and smaller subnets, we keep referring to octets when working with /23 or larger subnets. As illustration, let's say you have 192.168.65.27/22 network. You need to determine the following

* the network range
* the IP address order number

You need to see the /22 network as part of larger /16 network (the whole 192.168.0.0 Class B network). /22 equals to 255.255.252.0. The 252 means that there are four /24 networks. On the 1st /22 network, the 3rd octet range would be .0 to .3.

Here is the breakdown on the 1st network

192.168.0.0/22       = 192.168.0.0/24, 192.168.1.0/24, 192.168.2.0/24, 192.168.3.0/24
                     = 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.3.255
 
Network ID           : 192.168.0.0
Network Broadcast    : 192.168.0.255
Host IP Address range: 192.168.0.1 - 192.168.3.254

The remaining networks would be the following

192.168.4.0  - 192.168.7.255  = 192.168.4.0/22
192.168.8.0  - 192.168.11.255 = 192.168.8.0/22
192.168.12.0 - 192.168.15.255 = 192.168.12.0/22
192.168.16.0 - 192.168.19.255 = 192.168.16.0/22
192.168.20.0 - 192.168.23.255 = 192.168.20.0/22
192.168.24.0 - 192.168.27.255 = 192.168.24.0/22
192.168.28.0 - 192.168.31.255 = 192.168.28.0/22
192.168.32.0 - 192.168.35.255 = 192.168.32.0/22
192.168.36.0 - 192.168.39.255 = 192.168.36.0/22
192.168.40.0 - 192.168.43.255 = 192.168.40.0/22
192.168.44.0 - 192.168.47.255 = 192.168.44.0/22
192.168.48.0 - 192.168.51.255 = 192.168.48.0/22
192.168.52.0 - 192.168.55.255 = 192.168.52.0/22
192.168.56.0 - 192.168.59.255 = 192.168.56.0/22
192.168.60.0 - 192.168.63.255 = 192.168.60.0/22
192.168.64.0 - 192.168.67.255 = 192.168.64.0/22
  .
  .
  .
  .
192.168.252.0 - 192.168.255.255 = 192.168.252.0/22

As you can see, the 192.168.65.27/22 within the 192.168.64.0/22 network with order number of 283.

Some Tips and Tricks

1. Convert CIDR Subnet Mask Format To Dotted 4-Tuple Format

Note that when deals with /24 network or longer prefix, you only focus on the last octet. With Class B network, it is similar concept with focusing on the 3rd octet.

Class B network is between /16 and /23 CIDR. As mentioned, you only focus on the 3rd octet where the 1st two and last octets are constant. In other word, only the 3rd octet is changing as follows.

/24: 255.255.255.0
/23: 255.255.254.0
/22: 255.255.252.0
/21: 255.255.248.0
/20: 255.255.240.0
/19: 255.255.224.0
/18: 255.255.192.0
/17: 255.255.128.0
/16: 255.255.0.0

With Class B, there is a similar formula to convert CIDR format into dotted 4-tuple format by holding on these

* The "longest" Class B network (the /24) always has 255 as the 3rd octet
* The /24 always has a single Class C network
* The next larger Class B network is always double size of the current Class B network. In other word, the next larger Class B network has double quantities of Class C network than the current Class B network
* The 1st two octet are always 255 and the last octet is always 0 where the 3rd octet is changing

For illustration, you like to convert /18 CIDR into dotted 4-tuple format.

The 3rd octet on the Class B network:

CIDR     current 3rd        previous number        new current 3rd 
         octet number     of Class C network        octet number
 
/24:         255       -           0           =        255
/23:         255       -           1           =        254
/22:         254       -       2  (1 x 2)      =        252 
/21:         252       -       4  (2 x 2)      =        248 
/20:         248       -       8  (4 x 2)      =        240
/19:         240       -      16  (8 x 2)      =        224
/18:         224       -      32 (16 x 2)      =        192

Since the 1st two octet are always 255 and the last octet is always 0, then the /18 CIDR is equal to 255.255.192.0 subnet mask.

2. Find Out IP Address Quantity Within Specific Subnet

There is also similar formula like the one with the Class C network subnetting

(256 - The 3rd Octet) x 256 = IP Address Quantity Within Specific Subnet

Illustration

/24: (256 - 255) x 256 =   1 x 256 =   256 IP addresses within the subnet
/23: (256 - 254) x 256 =   2 x 256 =   512 IP addresses within the subnet
/22: (256 - 252) x 256 =   4 x 256 =  1024 IP addresses within the subnet
/21: (256 - 248) x 256 =   8 x 256 =  2048 IP addresses within the subnet
/20: (256 - 240) x 256 =  16 x 256 =  4096 IP addresses within the subnet
/19: (256 - 224) x 256 =  32 x 256 =  8192 IP addresses within the subnet
/18: (256 - 192) x 256 =  64 x 256 = 16384 IP addresses within the subnet
/17: (256 - 128) x 256 = 128 x 256 = 32768 IP addresses within the subnet
/16: (256 - 0)   x 256 = 256 x 256 = 65536 IP addresses within the subnet

3. Reverse Bit Correlation Between Subnet Mask and Number of IP Address

Let's visit the binary format of Class B network

CIDR   Dotted 4-Tuple                 Binary
 
         O C T E T                  O C T E T
       1st.2nd.3rd.4th     1st   .  2nd   .  3rd   .  4th
 
/24:   255.255.255.0   = 11111111.11111111.11111111.00000000 
/23:   255.255.254.0   = 11111111.11111111.11111110.00000000
/22:   255.255.252.0   = 11111111.11111111.11111100.00000000
/21:   255.255.248.0   = 11111111.11111111.11111000.00000000
/20:   255.255.240.0   = 11111111.11111111.11110000.00000000
/19:   255.255.224.0   = 11111111.11111111.11100000.00000000
/18:   255.255.192.0   = 11111111.11111111.11000000.00000000
/17:   255.255.128.0   = 11111111.11111111.10000000.00000000
/16:   255.255.0.0     = 11111111.11111111.00000000.00000000

There is similar correlation between subnet mask and IP address quantity within the subnet on Class B network as on the Class C network. You can apply this correlation to find out smaller subnet quantity when subnetting Class B network into smaller Class C network. Here is the process.

* Find out the number of CIDR form of the smaller subnet, i.e. /n
* Take n as the power of two as 2^n
* Calculate 2^n
* The 2^n represents the number of /n subnet will be when subnetting a Class B network into /n subnet

Let's have an illustration. Say you have a full Class B network and you subnet it into smaller /28 network. You like to know how many /28 subnets will be, assuming you can use Subnet Zero.

Recall the /24 subnetting process where you only focus on the last octet. With Class B subnetting process, you only focus on the last two octets; the 3rd and the 4th.

The /28 network in binary format has the 1st 28 bits set to one where the remaining 4 bits are set to zero. Let's remove the 1st two octets and just focus on the last two octets.

When only focusing on the last two octets, there are the 1st 12 bits set to one where the remaining 4 bits are set to zero. Take the 1st bits that are set to one, which is 12; as the power of two as 2^12. The 2^12 equals to 4096. This 4096 represents the number of /28 subnet will be when subnetting a Class B network into /28 subnet.

Let's calculate how many /28 subnet will be within full Class B network using different method. As you may recall, there are 16 of /28 subnets within Class C network. Using the concept of size doubling, then you have the following table.

/24:   16 of /28 subnets
/23:   32 of /28 subnets
/22:   64 of /28 subnets
/21:  128 of /28 subnets
/20:  256 of /28 subnets
/19:  512 of /28 subnets
/18: 1024 of /28 subnets
/17: 2048 of /28 subnets
/16: 4096 of /28 subnets

As to find out quickly the number of IP address within the a Class B network, you are using the same concept as dealing with the Class C network; which is based on the number of bits that are set to zero.

Following is an illustration. When you have let's say /19 network; there are the 1st 19 bits set to one and the remaining 13 bits set to zero. Take this number 13 as the power of two as 2^13. The 2^13 = 8192. This 8192 represents the number of IP addresses within the /19 network.

As you may notice, the illustration assumes you can use Subnet Zero.

4. Determine Smaller Subnet Range

Problem 1:
Let's say you have a full Class B network, which is 172.16.0.0/16 network. You subnet it into smaller /28 network. You like to find out how the 897th of /28 subnet looks like.

Here are the process

* Find out how many subnets will be if the bigger subnet is /24
* Take the number of the subnets and assigns it into m
* Take a number n as of n-th of the smaller subnet
* Calculate (n - 1) / m
* When the calculation result is a round number, such number represents the 3rd octet of the n-th subnet. In addition, the 4th octet equals to 0
* The 1st and 2nd octets are always constants
* The IP address represented as such 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th octets is the Network ID
* The Network Broadcast last octet = m - 1

Using the illustration, you need to find out how many /28 subnets within /24 network. As you may recall, there are 16 of /28 subnets within /24 network. You are finding out the 897th of the /28 subnet range is. Therefore

n = 897, m = 16

When you calculate (n - 1) / m, you have

(n - 1) / m = (897 - 1) / 16 = 56

Since 56 is a round number, then the following two occur

* The 56 represents as the 3rd octet
* The 4th octet equals to 0

The 1st and 2nd octets are always constant. As a result, the IP address you have is 172.16.56.0; which is also the Network ID IP address. As to the Network Broadcast,

Network Broadcast IP address last octet = m - 1 = 16 - 1 = 15

The 897th /28 subnet itself look like the following

172.16.56.0/28 = 172.16.56.0 - 172.16.56.15

where

Network ID IP address       : 172.16.56.0
Network Broadcast IP address: 172.16.56.15
Usable IP address for hosts : 172.16.56.1, 172.16.56.2, ...., 172.16.56.14

Problem 2:
Let's say you have a full Class B network, which is 172.16.0.0/16 network. You subnet it into smaller /28 network. You like to find out how the 3117th of /28 subnet looks like.

There is a similar process as previous problem, with some additional steps to deal with non-round number.

* Find out how many subnets will be if the bigger subnet is /24
* Take the number of the subnets and assigns it into m
* Take a number n as of n-th of the smaller subnet
* Calculate (n - 1) / m
* When the calculation result is not a round number, you only consider the round number part and remove the fraction
* The round part represents the 3rd octet
* Multiple the round number part (the 3rd octet) by m
* Add the result by 1
* Assign p as the final result, where p = (the 3rd octet x m) + 1
* The result of (n - p) x m represents the Network ID IP address last octet
* The result of (Network ID IP address last octet + (m - 1)) represents the Network Broadcast IP address last octet
* The 1st and 2nd octets are always constants
* The IP address represented as such 1st, 2nd, 3rd, and 4th (last) octets is the n-th of how the smaller subnet look like

Using the illustration, you need to find out how many /28 subnets within /24 network. As you may recall, there are 16 of /28 subnets within /24 network. You are finding out the 3117th of the /28 subnet range is. Therefore

n = 3117, m = 16

(n - 1) / m = (3117 - 1) / 16 = 3116/16 = 194.75

The 194.75 is not a round number, so we only consider the round part and remove the fraction. In other word, we take the 194 only. This 194 round number represents the 3rd octet.

p = (the 3rd octet x m) + 1 = (194 x 16) + 1 = 3104 + 1 = 3105

(n - p) x m = (3117 - 3105) x 16 = 192

This 192 represents the last octet of the Network ID IP address. In other word,

3117th subnet Network ID IP address: 172.16.194.192/28

Network ID last octet + (m - 1) = 192 + (16 - 1) = 192 + 15 = 207

This 207 represents the last octet of the Network Broadcast IP address. In other word,

3117th subnet Network Broadcast IP address: 172.16.194.207/28

Since you now have both Network ID and Network Broadcast IP addresses, then the 3117th /28 subnet off the 172.16.0.0/16 looks like the following.

3117th subnet: 172.16.194.192/28 = 172.16.194.192 - 172.16.194.207

where

Network ID IP address       : 172.16.194.192
Network Broadcast IP address: 172.16.194.207
Usable IP address for hosts : 172.16.194.193, 172.16.194.194, ...., 172.16.194.206

Note

1. These two problems assume that you can use Subnet Zero. If you cannot use Subnet Zero, you need to modify the formula although the concept is the same.

2. The p = 3105 represents the 3105-th subnet. In other words, p = n = 3105 in case you like to find out how the 3105th /28 subnet range is.

3. From previous note, you can then apply the formula or process within Problem 2 into Problem 1 with the same result. In other words, Problem 2 formula or process is in general form compared to the Problem 1.

5. Convert Dotted 4-Tuple Subnet Mask Format Into CIDR Format

Let's say you have 255.255.192.0 subnet mask. You like to know how the subnet mask looks in CIDR format.

You are using the similar process as in the Class C network with the difference of working on the 3rd octet only where the 1st, 2nd, and 4th octets are constant.

Following are the steps when deals with Class B subnetting:

* Focus only on the 3rd octet
* Set the octet as the last octet of a /24 network subnet mask where 1st, 2nd, and 3rd octets are 255
* Determine IP address quantity within the new /24 network subnet
* Find out n where 2^n = IP address quantity within the subnet
* Subtract 8 by n
* Take the subtraction result as additional set-to-one bits to the 1st 16 bits set to one of the full Class B subnet mask
* Add the total number of bits set to one
* This total number represents the CIDR format

Let's use an illustration to convert the 255.255.192.0 into CIDR format. Focus only on the 3rd octet, which is the192.

Set the 192 as the last octet of a /24 network subnet mask as 255.255.255.192

When you build up your own table (or memorize it), you know there are 64 IP addresses within 255.255.255.192 subnet mask.

Find out n where 2^n = 64

By simple calculation (and probably some trial and error), you find that n = 6

Recall the previous discussion that in binary format, all the bits within 1st and 2nd octet of Class B network are set to one. Similarly all bits within the last octet are set to zero. Only bits within the 3rd octet are changing. Let's focus on the bits within this 3rd octet.

As you know, there are 8 bits within the 3rd octet. In /16 network (the full Class B network), all of those 8 bits within the 3rd octet are set to zero. With the value of n = 6, this means that there are 6 last bits set to zero within the 3rd octet itself.

Subtract 8 by 6 to have 2. This 2 represents the remaining 2 bits set to one; which are also the 1st 2 bits within those 8 bits. Take these 2 bits as additional set-to-one bits into the 1st 16 bits of the full Class B subnet mask.

The full Class B subnet mask has the 1st 16 bits set to one. With additional 2 bits set to one, there are total of the 1st 18 bits set to one. Therefore 255.255.192.0 network has the 1st 18 bits set to one (16 + additional 2) where the remaining 14 bits are set to zero.

Since CIDR format bases on the 1st set-to-one bits, the 255.255.192.0 subnet mask is equal to /18 CIDR.

LINUX HOWTO MINI INTERNET-CONNECTION-SHARING

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Tue, 29 Mar 2011 16:28:00 +0000

LINUX HOWTO MINI INTERNET-CONNECTION-SHARING

I have ADSL ethernet modem, wired/cable, DNS.

www/adsl -> eth0 -> wlan0 -> ath0

Desktop network card eth0
Desktop wireless card wlan0
Laptop wireless card ath0

In Terminal:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o eth0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT

(Second iptables command - prevents ratelimit messages)

eth0 IP
ifconfig
192.168.1.2

Desktop
iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.2.2

Check mode ad-hoc
iwconfig

Laptop
iwconfig ath0 mode ad-hoc
ifconfig ath0 192.168.2.3
route add default gw 192.168.2.2 (IP address wlan0)

Check mode ad-hoc
iwconfig

Desktop:
/etc/resolv.conf
nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX

or

nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX

Edit laptop /etc/resolv.conf same as desktop.
ping -c 4 www_dot_gewgle_dot_commm

--------------------------------------------------------

www/cable/adsl -> eth0 -> wlan0 -> ath0
   or
www/wifi_modem/router -> wlan0 -> wlan1 -> ath0
   or
www/gprs/cable_usb -> ppp0 -> wlan0 -> ath0
   or
www/gprs/bluetooth -> rfcomm0 -> wlan0 -> ath0
   or next task satellite

--------------------------------------------------------

www/gprs/cable_usb -> ppp0 -> wlan0 -> ath0 #ATD*99# or ATD*99***1#

pppd connect 'chat "" AT+CGDCONT=1,IP,APN_example_pp.vodapone.co.uk OK ATD*99#' ttyACM0 noauth defaultroute usepeerdns noipdefault

Desktop GPRS connection ppp0
Desktop wireless card wlan0
Laptop wireless card ath0

In Terminal:

echo 1 > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -o ppp0 -j MASQUERADE
iptables -A FORWARD -i wlan0 -j ACCEPT

(Second iptables command - prevents ratelimit messages)

ppp0 IP
ifconfig
XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX

Desktop
iwconfig wlan0 mode ad-hoc
ifconfig wlan0 192.168.2.2

Check mode ad-hoc
iwconfig

Laptop
iwconfig ath0 mode ad-hoc
ifconfig ath0 192.168.2.3
route add default gw 192.168.2.2 (IP address wlan0)

Check mode ad-hoc
iwconfig

Desktop:
/etc/resolv.conf
nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX
nameserver XXX.XXX.XXX.XXX

Edit laptop /etc/resolv.conf same as desktop.
ping -c 4 www_dot_gewgle_dot_commm

--------------------------------------------------------

/etc/rfcomm.conf
passkey "1234";
pin_helper /usr/local/bin/hook

#!/bin/sh #hook
PIN='cat /etc/bluetooth/pin'
echo "PIN:$PIN"

/var/lib/bluetooth/MA:CM:AC:MA:CM:AC/pincodes #dongle MAC
MA:CM:AC:MA:CM:AC 1234 #cell-phone MAC

#Display dongle(MAC) - hcitool dev #Display cell-phone(MAC) - hcitool scan #Pair dongle - rfcomm connect rfcomm0

--------------------------------------------------------

Pc Router On Ubuntu

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 05:59:00 +0000

As I said above, that here I assume you all have been successfully installed ubuntu 8.04 server version on a computer, then the first step to install the PC router on ubuntu is the Ubuntu updates and upgrades you, this is for all the packages required by ubuntu can be installed updates and upgrades as such, but before the update and upgrade our ubuntu to set ip address from your ISP and LAN as well, the following steps (login as root) :

root@server:~# vim /etc/network/interfaces

-- by pressing the letter i add the following line --

## ISP Connection
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet static
address 202.172.16.41
netmask 255.255.255.248
network 202.172.16.39
broadcast 202.172.16.47
gateway 202.172.16.40

## Koneksi to LAN
auto eth1
iface eth1 inet static
address 192.168.1.1
netmask 255.255.255.0
network 192.168.1.0
broadcast 192.168.1.255
##gateway 192.168.1.1

-- save by pressing :wq and Enter --
If everything is ok, the next step is to make sure that the connection to the internet is ok,

with a step ping yahoo.com and if the reply is the connection to the Internet was ok and continue to update and upgrade ubuntu :

root@server:~# aptitude update && aptitude upgrade

For the next step after the update and upgrade is finished editing the sysctl.conf file:

root@server:~# vim /etc/sysctl.conf

by pressing the letter i find writing #net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1 and remove the fence that marks the net.ipv4.conf.default.forwarding = 1

save by pressing :wq and Enter

Edit the file ip_forward the valuabe 0 fox into 1 with the following steps:

root@server:~# echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward

Next we have to make the routing of eth 1 (LAN) to the eth0 (ISP / WAN), it is intended to allow LAN users can communicate with the outside world (the Global Internet), with the command:

root@server:~# /sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 -d 0/0 -j MASQUERADE

Do not forget to save the command script we have made earlier in the rc.local, it is intended that when the computer is restarted the server then automatically orders we have made can be run by the server computer:

root@server:~# Vim /etc/rc.local

-- by pressing the letter i add the following line --

echo "1" > /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_forward
/sbin/iptables -t nat -A POSTROUTING -s 192.168.1.0/255.255.255.0 -d
0/0 -j MASQUERADE

Computer server restart:

root@server:~# reboot

references : http://udiniqgeek.com/router_pc.html

Install Subversion and WebSvn on Ubuntu Server

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 05:49:00 +0000

On my last post I wrote about Ubuntu server and Webmin and why I changed WHS with Ubuntu server. Today I'm going to write about Subversion and WebSVN on Ubuntu server. One of the things that I had in WHS was a source control where I stored my code and documents. For that I used VisualSVN. VisualSVN combines Subversion with a web interface of all repositories and also includes user management. To me VisualSVN is the all in one...Veryyy goood product and unfortunately for me VisualSVN is just for Windows :(.

So one of the things I did before move to Ubuntu Server was backup my Subversion repositories so I could restore them on Ubuntu Server.

In Ubuntu Server I had to do install a few packages and do a few steps in order to once again have source control and a web interface. So today I'm going to explain how to install Subversion and WebSVN on Ubuntu server.

The first thing to do is install Subversion and apache package for Subversion. All I need to do is:

sudo aptitude install subversion libapache2-svn

In the next step I need to create a directory where my repositories will be stored. In my case /var/sourcecontrol/svn/. The default location is /var/lib/svn/.

This command will create de directory where all my repositories will be:

sudo mkdir /var/sourcecontrol/svn

After create the directory I copied my entire repository backup from windows into this directory.

Note if I need to create new repositories I just had to do:

sudo svnadmin create /var/sourcecontrol/svn/newRepository

newRepository is the name of the new repository.

Next I need to change the owner of the files in order to access using apache. This can be done with this command:

sudo chown www-data:www-data /var/sourcecontrol/svn/repositoryName -R

repositoryName is the name of the repository.

Next I just need to configure all my repositories to be access in apache. This can be done by editing the file /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf

To edit I just run the command:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf

Scroll all the way down and add the following code for each repository:

<Location /repositoryName>
DAV svn
SVNPath /var/sourcecontrol/svn/repositoryName
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion repository repositoryName"
</Location>

Next restart the apache :

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Open a browser and type http://[serverip]/repositoryName and the repository is now availably in browser.

Notice the /repositoryName in the location is the same as /repositoryName in the url.

After this step you can start doing some checkin's :P

The next step is to install WebSVN. WebSVN is a very good web interface to see all repositories.

The first thing to do is install the package. This can be done with the command:

sudo aptitude install websvn

To have syntax highlight in the source code just install enscript . This can be done with this command:

sudo aptitude install enscript

Now a few things you should know:

During the install of WebSVN three screens will appear:
1 - Select the webserver for configuration.
2 - Specify the path of the subversion repositories, in this case (/var/sourcecontrol/svn).
3 - If all repositories are in the same parent folder leave this in blank otherwise you will have to specify all repositories separated by comma.

The package WebSVN is installed into /usr/share/websvn/, it's necessary to copy to /var/www/. This can be done with the command:

sudo cp -r /usr/share/websvn/ /var/www/

After copy to /var/www it's necessary to edit the file /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf, again with the command:

sudo nano /etc/apache2/mods-available/dav_svn.conf

Next, scroll down and add the following

<Location /websvn/>
Options FollowSymLinks
order allow,deny
allow from all
AuthType Basic
AuthName "Subversion Repository"
</Location>

Save the file and restart apache by doing:

sudo /etc/init.d/apache2 restart

Now just type http://[serverip]/websvn and you will see the WebSVN page and your repositories.

If for some reason your repositories have strange names in just edit the file /etc/websvn/svn_deb_conf.inc with the command :

sudo nano /etc/websvn/svn_deb_conf.inc

In this file you will have something like this:

<?php
// please edit /etc/websvn/config.php
// or use dpkg-reconfigure websvn
$config->parentPath("/var/sourcecontrol/svn/");
$config->addRepository("repositoryName\", file:///var/sourcecontrol/svn/repositoryName1);
$config->addRepository("repositoryName", "file:///var/sourcecontrol/svn/repositoryName2");
$config->setEnscriptPath("/usr/bin");
$config->setSedPath("/bin");
$config->useEnscript();
?>

Here it's possible specify the parent path of all repositories and specify each repository name and location. it's here also that it's specified the path on enscript installed before.

Hope you enjoy the source control and as much as I do :)

references : http://agilior.pt/blogs/pedro.rainho/archive/2010/02/06/11698.aspx

Special Thanks for Guerrix and his post on how to install subversion and websvn.

RoundCube Change icon, logo, title ( Web Mail Tricks & Tips )

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 05:42:00 +0000

How to change the Logo

By default, the logo is located in the roundcube here:

/roundcube/skins/default/images

and the file name is

roundcube_logo.png

The easiest thing to do, is to use your favorite image editor, and create a png image that is is 165px x 55px. And name it roundcube_logo.png

Next step is to access your site via FTP/SFTP and change the name of the original file to something like

roundcube_logo.png.old

Then upload your custom image to the same directory. Refresh the browser and bask in the glow of your custom logo!

Change Page Title

change the page title and log in welcome message

By default, the page title in the browser always shows as:

RoundCube Webmail

But you want it to say the name of your website or hosting company. All you need to do is edit the

main.inc.php

file that is located in

/roundcube/config/

find

// use this name to compose page titles
$rcmail_config['product_name'] = ‘RoundCube Webmail’;

And change RoundCube Webmail to whatever you want.
You can edit this file directly on the server with an editor like VI, or you can download the file, edit and reupload.
Once you’re done, reload your browser, and enjoy.

Change favicon.ico

So you don’t want the little RoundCube favicon in your browser either? Easy enough.
If you dont have an icon editor, create the icon in your favorite graphic editor, and then use a favicon creator like Dynamic Drive.
Next, change the name of the original favicon.ico in
/home/username/public_html/roundcube/skins/default/images/
to something like
favicon.ico.old
And then upload your new favicon.ico.
Clear your browser cache, and reload your page.

References : http://support.benjamintech.net/?p=1040

Squid content filtering: Block / download of music MP3, mpg, mpeg, exec files

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Mon, 14 Mar 2011 02:29:00 +0000

Q. For security and to save bandwidth I would like to configure Squid proxy server such way that I do not want my users to download all of the following files:
MP3
MPEG
MPG
AVG
AVI
EXE
How do I configure squid content filtering?
A. You can use squid ACL (access control list) to block all these files easily.

How do I block music files using squid content filtering ACL?

First open squid.conf file /etc/squid/squid.conf:
# vi /etc/squid/squid.conf
Now add following lines to your squid ACL section:
acl blockfiles urlpath_regex "/etc/squid/blocks.files.acl"
You want display custom error message when a file is blocked:

# Deny all blocked extension

deny_info ERR_BLOCKED_FILES blockfiles

http_access deny blockfiles

Save and close the file.
Create custom error message HTML file called ERR_BLOCKED_FILES in /etc/squid/error/ directory or /usr/share/squid/errors/English directory.
# vi ERR_BLOCKED_FILES
Append following content:

<HTML>
<HEAD>
<TITLE>ERROR: Blocked file content</TITLE>
</HEAD>
<BODY>
<H1>File is blocked due to new IT policy</H1>
<p>Please contact helpdesk for more information:</p>
Phone: 555-12435 (ext 44)<br>
Email: helpdesk@yourcorp.com<br>

Caution: Do not include HTML close tags </HTML> </BODY> as it will be closed by squid.
Now create /etc/squid/blocks.files.acl file:
# vi /etc/squid/blocks.files.acl
Append following text:

\.[Ee][Xx][Ee]$

\.[Aa][Vv][Ii]$

\.[Mm][Pp][Gg]$

\.[Mm][Pp][Ee][Gg]$

\.[Mm][Pp]3$

Save and close the file. Restart Squid:
# /etc/init.d/squid restart
Squid in action:

Install Java Runtime Environment (JRE) in Ubuntu

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sat, 12 Mar 2011 04:03:00 +0000

Java is an object-oriented programming language developed by Sun Microsystems in the early 1990s. Java applications are compiled to bytecode, which at runtime is either interpreted or compiled to native machine code for execution.

The language itself derives much of its syntax from C and C++ but has a simpler object model and fewer low-level facilities. JavaScript, a scripting language, shares a similar name and has similar syntax, but is not directly related to Java. Currently Ubuntu has the following Java packages

sun-java6-bin - Contains the binaries

sun-java6-demo - Contains demos and examples

sun-java6-doc - Contains the documentation

sun-java6-fonts - Contains the Lucida TrueType fonts from the JRE

sun-java6-jdk - Contains the metapackage for the JDK

sun-java6-jre - Contains the metapackage for the JRE

sun-java6-plugin - Contains the plug-in for Mozilla-based browsers

sun-java6-source - Contains source files for the JDK

Installing the Java Runtime Environment

First you need to check multiverse repository enabled or not after that open a terminal window. Since you are going to be installing the JRE and the web browser plug-in, you’ll be using the following command from a terminal

sudo pico /etc/apt/source.list

add this line deb http://archive.canonical.com/ lucid partner
exit and save

sudo apt-get install sun-java6-jre sun-java6-plugin sun-java6-fonts

Once it downloads the packages and begins the installation, you’ll get a screen that contains the Sun Operating System Distributor License for Java and hit Enter to continue.

You’ll see a dialog that asks you if you agree with the DLJ license terms. Select Yes, and hit Enter; the JRE will finish installing.

Testing Java Runtime Environment

You’ll want to confirm that your system is configured properly for Sun’s JRE. This is a two-step process.

First, check that the JRE is properly installed by running the following command from a terminal.

java -version

You should get similar output

Testing Java Plugin for Firefox

open Firefox and typing about:plugins in the address bar and check for java plugin

Block Torrent Files on Squid Proxies

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sat, 12 Mar 2011 04:02:00 +0000

"BitTorrent is a peer-to-peer file sharing protocol used for distributing large amounts of data. BitTorrent is one of the most common protocols for transferring large files, and it has been estimated that it accounts for approximately 27-55% of all Internet traffic (depending on geographical location) as of February 2009" (see Wikipedia.org).

1. BitTorrent and Downloads

BitTorrent is a decentralized network to provide files of any size to other internet users. You may use BitTorrent as a powerful successor of FTP servers with the additional features (highly available download resources and contents are findable via search engines). E.g. the major Linux distributions are available via the BitTorrent network.

Beside these and other nice features there is a dark side that may be considered then providing internet access to employees or customers. A number of users are using the BitTorrent network to distribute contents for free by breaking national and international law. This is a problem that is not dedicated to BitTorrent but if you decide to restrict internet access for your users and you are running a Squid proxy server you may build up a basic barrier to prevent the download of torrent files containing meta data required for finding resources in the BitTorrent network.

2. Configure your Squid Proxy

To prevent your users to download torrent files, you have to add the following lines to your squid configuration file. The new rules will prevent users from downloading contents specified in a separate file called /etc/squid/extensiondeny.

acl extensiondeny url_regex -i "/etc/squid/extensiondeny"
acl download method GET
http_access deny extensiondeny download
http_access deny extensiondeny

The file /etc/squid/extensiondeny will contain regular expressions. If one of these expressions matches the download request squid will veto and will not provide the requested contents. Example of a basic configuration entry.

\.torrent$

This regular expression will match file names with the extension '.torrent'.

Related resources:

Last Updated on Monday, 01 March 2010 14:33

Install Ntop monitoring in Ubuntu

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sat, 12 Mar 2011 03:56:00 +0000

Ntop shows the current network usage. It displays a list of hosts that are currently using the network and reports information concerning the IP (Internet Protocol) and Fibre Channel (FC) traffic generated by each host. The traffic is sorted according to host and protocol. Protocols (user configurable) include:

TCP/UDP/ICMP
(R)ARP
IPX
DLC
Decnet
AppleTalk
Netbios
TCP/UDP
- o FTP o HTTP o DNS o Telnet o SMTP/POP/IMAP o SNMP o NFS o X11
Fibre Channel
- o Control Traffic - SW2, GS3, ELS o SCSI

(In human-readable, this means you can very comprehensively monitor your network traffic, connections & bandwidth via a web output)

Installation

Packages needed for installation are:

ntop

You can just type the following to install it (make sure you enable the Universe repositories): https://help.ubuntu.com/7.10/add-applications/C/extra-repositories.html

sudo apt-get install ntop -y

Compiling ntop from source or SVN

The ntop source can be retrieved from Ubuntu's servers using a command like:

apt-get source ntop

which will unpack the source package into the current working directory with a name like ntop-3.3.10. You can also follow the instructions at ntop.org to retrieve the latest version from SVN (trunk):

svn co https://svn.ntop.org/svn/ntop/trunk/ntop

Most of the packages which will be required to build ntop from source on an Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) can be retrieved with the following command:

sudo apt-get install libpcap-dev libgdbm-dev libevent-dev librrd-dev python-dev libgeoip-dev

You must first run ./autogen.sh in the ntop directory to create the configure script, Makefiles, and such, as described here. The configure script is pretty good about telling you which dependencies are missing, if any. Don't forget you can pass configure options to autogen.sh, as in:

./autogen.sh --prefix=/usr/local/stow/ntop-svn

References:

http://www.ntop.org/download.html
http://www.gnu.org/software/stow/ - helps manage source packages without sullying /usr/bin, /usr/share, and so on

Configuration

When first installing & configuring the ntop application you need to set an admin password.

sudo ntop --set-admin-password

restart the service with

sudo /etc/init.d/ntop restart

Fixing "Physical Host Location" feature (mapper.pl)

The link to http://www.ntop.org/cgi-bin/mapper.pl for physical host locations (the compass icon in traffic listings) is broken (Error 404) as of this writing (2010-07-01). This affects ntop package version 3.3-11ubuntu1 for Karmic (9.10).

Check this space for a workaround using a local http server and links to relevant Launchpad bug reports.

Status of host location mapping in SVN (reported as of SVN revision 4304)

The issue with the dead mapper.pl link is resolved in the latest SVN, as of this writing (2010-07-02). The host location results com from http://geotool.servehttp.com instead, a service of MaxMind, who provide the libgeoip1 library also used in ntop.

Access

To access your network statistics via the web visit the web address:

http://localhost:3000

Links

http://www.ntop.org/

Sigfaults

The packaged version of ntop is plagued with sigfaults. You will be using ntop and it just cuts out in the middle of your session. There is luckily a way around this, that is easier than the SVN method.

Thanks to Sylvain Garcia who has packaged the newest version of ntop in a PPA to install just do the following from a terminal:

sudo apt-add repository ppa:sylvain-garcia

If you have already installed ntop:

sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude safe-upgrade

If you haven't yet installed ntop:

sudo aptitude update && sudo aptitude install ntop

Next there is one setting missing in the Ubuntu build of ntop. It's easy enough to change. (note nano is the default editor for Ubuntu. You may use of course any editor you prefer.)

sudo nano /etc/init.d/ntop

CTRL+_ 96 (that's an underscore, the command in nano to go to a specific line)

In the line that reads:

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --name $NAME --exec $DAEMON -- \ -d -L -u $USER -P $HOMEDIR \

add -b so that it now reads:

start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --name $NAME --exec $DAEMON -- \
-d -b -L -u $USER -P $HOMEDIR \

CTRL+O CTRL+X (save and quit in nano)

sudo service ntop restart

now browse to localhost:3000 and have fun with ntop

Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/ntop/+bug/588049

Install DansGuardian on Ubuntu Content Filtering

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Sat, 12 Mar 2011 03:49:00 +0000

To install DansGuardian, use the following command

Code:

sudo aptitude install dansguardian

Once the package is installed, edit the following lines in the conf file to match, this will set DansGuardian to do basic filtering and use Squid as its proxy server.

Code:

# UNCONFIGURED
filterip =
filterport = 8080
proxyip = 127.0.0.1
proxyport = 3128

To configure banned/exception sites based on either phrases, ip addresses, urls, mime type, etc… you would need to edit one of the following files using nano. All files are located in /etc/dansguardian/

Code:

bannedextensionlist
bannediplist
bannedmimetypelist
bannedphraselist
bannedregexpurllist
bannedsitelist
bannedurllist
banneduserlist

exceptioniplist
exceptionphraselist
exceptionsitelist
exceptionurllist
exceptionuserlist
exceptionvirusextensionlist
exceptionvirusmimetypelist
exceptionvirussitelist
exceptionvirusurllist

Restarting Squid and DansGuardian
Whenever a file is edited, it is good practice to restart both Squid and DansGuardian services by using the following commands

Code:

sudo /etc/init.d/dansguardian stop
sudo /etc/init.d/squid stop
sudo /etc/init.d/squid start
sudo /etc/init.d/dansguardian start
ps –e | grep dansguardian ## to see if the service is running

Now that Squid and DansGuardian are configured, test it by setting up your browser to use the proxy server with port 8080. A site that is blocked by default in DansGuardian is www.porn.com, if you get a page redirect then you’re good to go.

Ubuntu Linux: NFS Client Configuration To Mount NFS Share

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Fri, 11 Mar 2011 05:58:00 +0000

NFS (Network File System) client allows you to access shared directory from Linux client. The computer sharing the directory is called the NFS server (it can be NAS server too) and the computers or devices connecting to that server are called clients. The clients need to use the mount command to access the shared directory.

Ubuntu NFS

You need to install nfs-command package as follows (open terminal and type the following command):

$ sudo apt-get update

$ sudo apt-get install nfs-common

Sample outputs:

Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
The following extra packages will be installed:
  libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 librpcsecgss3 portmap
The following NEW packages will be installed:
  libgssglue1 libnfsidmap2 librpcsecgss3 nfs-common portmap
0 upgraded, 5 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded.
Need to get 333kB of archives.
After this operation, 1,126kB of additional disk space will be used.
Do you want to continue [Y/n]? y
Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main libgssglue1 0.1-4 [22.4kB]
Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main libnfsidmap2 0.23-2 [29.1kB]
Get:3 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main librpcsecgss3 0.19-2 [33.1kB]
Get:4 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main portmap 6.0.0-1ubuntu2 [37.2kB]
Get:5 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu/ lucid/main nfs-common 1:1.2.0-4ubuntu4 [212kB]
Fetched 333kB in 3s (95.3kB/s)
Preconfiguring packages ...
Selecting previously deselected package libgssglue1.
(Reading database ... 161647 files and directories currently installed.)
Unpacking libgssglue1 (from .../libgssglue1_0.1-4_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package libnfsidmap2.
Unpacking libnfsidmap2 (from .../libnfsidmap2_0.23-2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package librpcsecgss3.
Unpacking librpcsecgss3 (from .../librpcsecgss3_0.19-2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package portmap.
Unpacking portmap (from .../portmap_6.0.0-1ubuntu2_i386.deb) ...
Selecting previously deselected package nfs-common.
Unpacking nfs-common (from .../nfs-common_1%3a1.2.0-4ubuntu4_i386.deb) ...
Processing triggers for man-db ...
Processing triggers for ureadahead ...
Setting up libgssglue1 (0.1-4) ...

Setting up libnfsidmap2 (0.23-2) ...

Setting up librpcsecgss3 (0.19-2) ...

Setting up portmap (6.0.0-1ubuntu2) ...
portmap start/running, process 4193

Setting up nfs-common (1:1.2.0-4ubuntu4) ...

Creating config file /etc/idmapd.conf with new version

Creating config file /etc/default/nfs-common with new version
Adding system user `statd' (UID 116) ...
Adding new user `statd' (UID 116) with group `nogroup' ...
Not creating home directory `/var/lib/nfs'.
statd start/running, process 4416
gssd stop/pre-start, process 4441
idmapd stop/pre-start, process 4469

Processing triggers for libc-bin ...
ldconfig deferred processing now taking place

Task: See The List Of All Shared Directories

Type the following command:

$ showmount -e server-Ip-address

$ showmount -e 192.168.1.1

Sample outputs from my 192.168.1.1 NFS server:

Export list for 192.168.1.1:
/viveks
/Web
/Usb
/Recordings
/Public
/Network Recycle Bin 1
/Multimedia
/Download

Task: Mount Shared Directory

Now mount /viveks directory as follows>:

$ sudo mkdir /nfs

$ sudo mount  -o soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192 192.168.1.1:/viveks /nfs

$ df -h

Sample outputs:

/dev/sda5              477G    25G   428G   6% /
none                   4.2G   398k   4.2G   1% /dev
none                   4.2G   377k   4.2G   1% /dev/shm
none                   4.2G   230k   4.2G   1% /var/run
none                   4.2G      0   4.2G   0% /var/lock
none                   4.2G      0   4.2G   0% /lib/init/rw
192.168.1.1:/viveks    491G   208M   491G   1% /nfs

How do I Access My Files Using NFS?

Just go to mount point i.e. /nfs directory with the cd command:

cd /nfs

ls

gedit file.c

How Do I Mount NFS Automatically After Reboot?

Edit /etc/fstab, enter:

$ sudo vi /etc/fstab

OR use gui text editor such as gedit:

$ sudo gedit /etc/fstab

Append the following line:

192.168.1.1:/viveks  /nfs  nfs   soft,intr,rsize=8192,wsize=8192

Save and close the file.

How Do I Remove Mounted NFS Directory (unmount NFS)?

Type the following command:

$ cd

$ sudo umount /nfs

$ df -H

How to know the Computer Specifications in Ubuntu

noreply@blogger.com (Ubuntu Indo) — Tue, 08 Mar 2011 11:46:00 +0000

Just like as in Windows may have the command Run -> dxdiag Then it would appear we spec PC in Linux is also available.
To Learn Computer Specs us in Linux, especially in Ubuntu may be more complete information than the Si Windows with default program

the steps are as follows:

Application -> Accessories -> Terminal enter the following command:

$ sudo lshw

After that we will know the specifications of the PC in Terminal
But it is better if we create an HTML file to be more userfriendly GUI
with the command:

$ sudo lshw -html > infohardware.html

then open infohardware.html with browser like firefox / opera .

Ubuntu Indo

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Mysql Password Reset

MysqlPasswordReset

Why are you looking at this wiki page?

How can I reset my MySQL password?

Another way, purge

Remote Desktop Logins directly from the login screen has been enabled in Ubuntu 12.10.

Adding Remote Login Data

Connect to Ubuntu 11.04 from Windows via Remote Desktop

Connect to Ubuntu 11.04 from Windows via Remote Desktop

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LINUX HOWTO MINI INTERNET-CONNECTION-SHARING

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RoundCube Change icon, logo, title ( Web Mail Tricks & Tips )

How to change the Logo

change the page title and log in welcome message

Change favicon.ico

Squid content filtering: Block / download of music MP3, mpg, mpeg, exec files

How do I block music files using squid content filtering ACL?

Install Java Runtime Environment (JRE) in Ubuntu

Block Torrent Files on Squid Proxies

1. BitTorrent and Downloads

2. Configure your Squid Proxy

Install Ntop monitoring in Ubuntu

Installation

Compiling ntop from source or SVN

Configuration

Fixing "Physical Host Location" feature (mapper.pl)

Status of host location mapping in SVN (reported as of SVN revision 4304)

Access

Links

Sigfaults

Install DansGuardian on Ubuntu Content Filtering

Ubuntu Linux: NFS Client Configuration To Mount NFS Share

Ubuntu NFS

Task: See The List Of All Shared Directories

Task: Mount Shared Directory

How do I Access My Files Using NFS?

How Do I Mount NFS Automatically After Reboot?

How Do I Remove Mounted NFS Directory (unmount NFS)?

Featured Articles:

How to know the Computer Specifications in Ubuntu