Ubuntu Tweak on morphus.dk

fdisk command line partitioning on linux

2012-01-15T21:35:00.001+01:00

Partitioning with fdisk

This section shows you how to actually partition your hard drive with the fdisk utility. Linux allows only 4 primary partitions. You can have a much larger number of logical partitions by sub-dividing one of the primary partitions. Only one of the primary partitions can be sub-divided.
Examples:

Four primary partitions
Mixed primary and logical partitions

1. fdisk usage

fdisk is started by typing (as root) fdisk device at the command prompt. device might be something like /dev/hda or /dev/sda.
The basic fdisk commands you need are:
p print the partition table
n create a new partition
d delete a partition
q quit without saving changes
w write the new partition table and exit
Changes you make to the partition table do not take effect until you issue the write (w) command. Here is a sample partition table:

Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes
 
   Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdb1   *         1       184    370912+  83  Linux
/dev/hdb2           185       368    370944   83  Linux
/dev/hdb3           369       552    370944   83  Linux
/dev/hdb4           553       621    139104   82  Linux swap

The first line shows the geometry of your hard drive. It may not be physically accurate, but you can accept it as though it were. The hard drive in this example is made of 32 double-sided platters with one head on each side (probably not true). Each platter has 621 concentric tracks. A 3-dimensional track (the same track on all disks) is called a cylinder. Each track is divided into 63 sectors. Each sector contains 512 bytes of data. Therefore the block size in the partition table is 64 heads * 63 sectors * 512 bytes er...divided by 1024. The start and end values are cylinders.

2. Four primary partitions

The overview:
Decide on the size of your swap space and where it to go . Divide up the remaining space for the three other partitions.
Example:
I start fdisk from the shell prompt:

# fdisk /dev/hdb

which indicates that I am using the second drive on my IDE controller.

When I print the (empty) partition table, I just get configuration information.

Command (m for help): p

Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes

I knew that I had a 1.2Gb drive, but now I really know: 64 * 63 * 512 * 621 = 1281982464 bytes. I decide to reserve 128Mb of that space for swap, leaving 1153982464. If I use one of my primary partitions for swap, that means I have three left for ext2 partitions. Divided equally, that makes for 384Mb per partition. Now I get to work.

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 1
First cylinder (1-621, default 1):
Using default value 1
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (1-621, default 621): +384M

Next, I set up the partition I want to use for swap:

Command (m for help): n
Command action
   e   extended
   p   primary partition (1-4)
p
Partition number (1-4): 2
First cylinder (197-621, default 197):
Using default value 197
Last cylinder or +size or +sizeM or +sizeK (197-621, default 621): +128M

Now the partition table looks like this:

   Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdb1             1       196    395104   83  Linux
/dev/hdb2           197       262    133056   83  Linux

I set up the remaining two partitions the same way I did the first. Finally, I make the first partition bootable:

Command (m for help): a
Partition number (1-4): 1

And I make the second partition of type swap:

Command (m for help): t
Partition number (1-4): 2
Hex code (type L to list codes): 82
Changed system type of partition 2 to 82 (Linux swap)      
Command (m for help): p

The end result:

Disk /dev/hdb: 64 heads, 63 sectors, 621 cylinders
Units = cylinders of 4032 * 512 bytes
 
   Device Boot    Start       End    Blocks   Id  System
/dev/hdb1   *         1       196    395104+  83  Linux
/dev/hdb2           197       262    133056   82  Linux swap
/dev/hdb3           263       458    395136   83  Linux
/dev/hdb4           459       621    328608   83  Linux

Finally, I issue the write command (w) to write the table on the disk.

Command (m for help): w

Mobile version of morphus.dk

2011-06-10T16:57:00.005+02:00

Mobile Template on morphus.dk

Yes. Right now you can see On mobile devices too,
.......like smart phones HTC, Iphone and so on,
.... see the mobile version of my template.

How do I recover the files from formatted hard drives?

2011-05-15T13:50:00.009+02:00

TestDisk is powerful free data recovery software! It was primarily designed to help recover lost partitions and/or make non-booting disks bootable again when these symptoms are caused by faulty software, certain types of viruses or human error (such as accidentally deleting a Partition Table). Partition table recovery using TestDisk is really easy.

just run simply in terminal, type
# photorec

and follow instruction in terminal.
the recovery tool will see like screen-shot bellow

PhotoRec in action:

download your copy here

how to open tar.bz2 files ?

2011-05-15T13:46:00.002+02:00

To extract a TAR.BZ2 file open up a console and type:

Code:

tar jxvf nameOfTarfile.tar.bz2

PS3 Media Server for Ubuntu

2011-02-20T20:59:00.003+01:00

PS3 Media Server is a DLNA compliant Upnp Media Server for the PS3,
written in Java, with the purpose of streaming or transcoding any kind of media files, with minimum configuration. It's backed up with the powerful Mplayer/FFmpeg packages.

Current features

Ready to launch and play. No codec packs to install. No folder configuration and pre-parsing or this kind of annoying thing. All your folders are directly browsed by the PS3, there's an automatic refresh also.
Real-time video transcoding of MKV/FLV/OGM/AVI, etc.
Direct streaming of DTS / DTS-HD core to the receiver
Remux H264/MPEG2 video and all audio tracks to AC3/DTS/LPCM in real time with tsMuxer when H264 is PS3/Level4.1 compliant
Full seeking support when transcoding
DVD ISOs images / VIDEO_TS Folder transcoder
OGG/FLAC/MPC/APE audio transcoding
Thumbnail generation for Videos
You can choose with a virtual folder system your audio/subtitle language on the PS3!
Simple streaming of formats PS3 natively supports: MP3/JPG/PNG/GIF/TIFF, all kind of videos (AVI, MP4, TS, M2TS, MPEG)
Display camera RAWs thumbnails (Canon / Nikon, etc.)
ZIP/RAR files as browsable folders
Support for pictures based feeds, such as Flickr and Picasaweb
Internet TV / Web Radio support with VLC, MEncoder or MPlayer
Podcasts audio/ Video feeds support
Basic Xbox360 support
FLAC 96kHz/24bits/5.1 support

how to remove a user in ubuntu debian (unix)

2011-02-04T17:31:00.004+01:00

to remove a user and their home directory, use:

sudo deluser -remove-home

to remove all of their files on the server:

sudo deluser -remove-all-files

How do add users to sudoers list?

2010-12-07T15:55:00.005+01:00

Tired of getting told that I'm not in the sudoers file. How do I add myself to it, and is there any reason that I wouldn't want to?

sudo - Debian Wiki
http://wiki.debian.org/sudo

SUDO Configuration in Debian
http://www.debianhelp.co.uk/sudo.htm

Debian User Forums • View topic - Proper way to open apps as root in X
http://forums.debian.net/viewtopic.php?f=16&t=53366

Switch over to root and type visudo. The benefit of using visudo is that it will check syntax and whatever else and warn you of any problems you may have introduced into the sudoers file.

Code:

su -
visudo

visudo shows me that there is a group I could place myself into called 'sudo'. So instead of fooling around in the sudoers file add yourself to the 'sudo' group if you like ... that's what I've done.

Code:

%sudo ALL=(ALL) ALL

To add your normal user (morphus) to this group:

Code:

su -
usermod -a -G sudo morphus

The 'morphus' user will have to provide his/her password to issue system commands using sudo.

how to remove symbolic-link (ln -s) on Linux

2010-11-06T15:25:00.003+01:00

remove symbolic-link (ln -s) in terminal

When you create a link with "ln -s", then you can remove the link with a simple "rm"

"rm ACTUAL_FILE" removes the actual file, "rm SYM_LINK" removes the symbolic link

rm -rf /usr/src/linux

Cherokee webserver Couldn't find interpreter....PHP ....

2010-09-27T15:39:00.004+02:00

cherokee complains about php not installed

1.default cherokee.conf has references to php interpreter
source_interpreter.c:290: ERROR: Couldn't find interpreter 'php-cgi -b /tmp/cherokee-php.socket'

(cherokee: it doesn't ask to install php5-cgi too)

you need to install php5-cgi
and restart cherokee

3G Iphone froze at Apple Screen, no way to restart it or sync it

2010-08-30T20:10:00.004+02:00

issue about hung up at the apple screen while updating and when I reboot it just goes back to the apple and never boots up. I've connected my computer and Itunes doesn't find the iphone.

Possible solution I've tried was , hold power button and then the home button for 5 seconds, then you will power down your Iphone, then power you iphone up again, and connect to itunes software and you will be asking for restoring your Iphone to factory settings, say Yes, and restoring progress will begin, then you can try to update your iphone again. it should complete the updates without problem.

Find out what nvidia driver version - HOWTO?

2010-07-09T15:00:00.011+02:00

In CLI (command line) type:

sudo cat /proc/driver/nvidia/version

how to install Nvidia driver in CLI
download driver, exempel from Nvidia v. 256.35

sudo pkill x
sudo sh NVIDIA-Linux-x86-xxx.xx.run

How do I use software from a PPA?

2010-06-27T14:22:00.000+02:00

To start installing and using software from a Personal Package Archive, you first need to tell Ubuntu where to find the PPA.

Important: The contents of Personal Package Archives are not checked or monitored. You install software from them at your own risk.

Adding the PPA to Ubuntu 9.10 (Karmic) and later

If you're using the most recent version of Ubuntu (or any version from Ubuntu 9.10 onwards), you can add a PPA to your system with a single line in your terminal.

Step 1: On the PPA's overview page, look for the heading that reads Adding this PPA to your system. Make a note of the PPA's location, which looks like:

ppa:gwibber-daily/ppa

Step 2: Open a terminal and enter:

sudo add-apt-repository ppa:user/ppa-name

Replace ppa:user/ppa-name with the PPA's location that you noted above.

Your system will now fetch the PPA's key. This enables your Ubuntu system to verify that the packages in the PPA have not been interfered with since they were built.

Step 3: Now, as a one-off, you should tell your system to pull down the latest list of software from each archive it knows about, including the PPA you just added:

sudo apt-get update

Now you're ready to start installing software from the PPA!

------

On older (pre 9.10) Ubuntu systems

Step 1: Visit the PPA's overview page in Launchpad. Look for the heading that reads Adding this PPA to your system and click the Technical details about this PPA link.

Step 2: Use the Display sources.list entries drop-down box to select the version of Ubuntu you're using.

Step 3: You'll see that the text-box directly below reads something like this:

         deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gwibber-daily/ppa/ubuntu jaunty  main

deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/gwibber-daily/ppa/ubuntu jaunty  main

Copy those lines.

Step 4: Open a terminal and type:

sudo gedit /etc/apt/sources.list

This will open a text editor containing the list of archives that your system is currently using. Scroll to the bottom of the file and paste the lines you copied in the step above.

Save the file and exit the text editor.

Step 5: Back on the PPA's overview page, look for the Signing key heading. You'll see something like:

1024R/72D340A3 (What is this?)

Copy the portion after the slash but not including the help link; e.g. just 72D340A3.

Step 6: Now you need to add that key to your system so Ubuntu can verify the packages from the PPA. In your terminal, enter:

sudo apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys 72D340A3

Replace 72D340A3 with whatever you copied in the step 5.

This will now pull down the PPA's key and add it to your system.

Step 7: Now, as a one-off, you should tell your system to pull down the latest list of software from each archive it knows about, including the PPA you just added:

sudo apt-get update

Now you're ready to start installing software from the PPA!

Read more about Personal Package Archives in our help wiki.

How to RecordMyDesktop in Ubuntu

2010-06-19T10:49:00.004+02:00

Using Recordmydesktop to recording and "mencoder" to convert ogg files to avi

You need to install recordmydesktop and mencoder by typing in terminal:
sudo apt-get install gtk-recordmydesktop mencoder
you can find it in Applications menu --> sound and video --> gtk-recordmydesktop

or in command line console type the command recordmydesktop
you can stop the recording by pressing ctrl-c
or in gui-front just click record, and just click the white square on system tray to stop
the output is in ogg video format however you can convert it to avi by mencoder

example
mencoder -idx input.ogg -ovc lavc -oac mp3lame -o output.avi
*note install mencoder if its not installed by doing
Code:
sudo aptitude install mencoder

then you can upload it to youtube or wherever.

how to reset the gnome keyring manager password

2010-06-18T12:11:00.002+02:00

You could try deleting the keyring.

To do this look in the ~/.gnome2/keyrings directory, then delete the default.keyring file.

This won't disable the network manager prompt, but it will allow you to create a new key with a password you know. Despite the obvious security problem most people just use their log in password.

3G, Oister, TDC, Telia, bredbånd og Ubuntu

2010-05-20T10:59:00.005+02:00

Ubuntu 10.04 og Oister mobilbredbånd (model Huawei E1550 - 2Mbit)

Problemet er at USB stick'en har 2 modes, dels en USB-Storages- og dels
en USB-Seriel mode.

I opstartsmode, optræder den som en USB-Storages mode, da Windows
driverne ligger der og skal installeres derfra.

Linux har ikke behov for driverne, da de allerede findes i kernen.

Det handler så om, at få skiftet tilstand fra USB-Storage til USB-Seriel.

Til det formål installeres "usb-modeswitch"

Det gør du ved at bruge

apt-get install usb-modeswitch usb-modeswitch-data

når det gjort tilføjer du Oister Mobil i network manager ...

så vil Oister dogle automatisk koble sig på mobil bredbånd.

Du skal selfølgelig tilføje APN for din operatør i din Mobile Bredbånd Manager.

Højre klik på din Network Manager
Vælg Edit Connections
Vælg faneblad Mobile Bredband

Vælg Add (tilføj)

Tryk Foward
Vælg Danmark
Vælg provider (operatør)

Tryk Foward
Vælg Standard

Apply tilsidst

evt hak flueben af Connect automatically

Tryk OK
(nu har du tilføjet APN for din mobile bredbånd)

nu kunne du unplug og plugin din mobile bredbånd i computeren,
og hvis du har vælgt automatisk tilsluting under processen,
så går der op til 30 sek og du er forbundet..

p.s. ved at skrive denne artikel var jeg fobundet med Oister bredbånd.

How to install OpenGL on Ubuntu?

2010-05-14T09:49:00.000+02:00

OpenGL on Ubuntu is easy to install, here is one of the way to installing OpenGL,

open terminal and type in:

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install libglu1-mesa-dev freeglut3-dev mesa-common-dev

How to add a user to the sudoer list:

2010-05-10T17:09:00.000+02:00

Open a Root Terminal (you need to be root first time ) and type visudo (to access and edit the list)
Using the up/down arrows, navigate to the bottom of the sudoers file that is now displayed in the terminal
Just under the line that looks like the following:

root ALL=(ALL) ALL

Add the following (replacing user with your actual username):

user ALL=(ALL) ALL

Now press Ctrl+X and press Y when promted to save

That's it, your new user now has root privileges!

Install Aeon skin in 6 steps XBMC

2010-05-08T23:05:00.000+02:00

This is how to install Aeon the quick way.

Didn't like the color scheme though..not going to use it.

Install Skin Aeon
-----------------
1)
sudo apt-get install git-core

2)
cd ~/.xbmc/skin

3)
git clone git://github.com/djh/aeon.git

(If you want a another folder name git clone git://github.com/djh/aeon.git "Aeon Stark")

4)
cd aeon

5) Get the fonts
EDIT: The URL will be generated based on your ip (I think) You have to get your own from
http://www.mediafire.com/?lywzwbnqyyy

wget http://download273.mediafire.com/aew2memhsysg/lywzwbnqyyy/Aeon_Fonts160709.zip
unzip Aeon_Fonts160709.zip
mv Aeon/fonts fonts

6) clean-up
rmdir Aeon
rm Aeon_Fonts160709.zip

How to Reset/reinstall gnome desktop to Defaults

2010-04-04T22:11:00.000+02:00

Just use that command downunder, and restart you comp or just move to text mode and back to grafical mode with,

ctrl+alt+f3 (move to text mode)
alt+f7 (go back to grafical mode), or just simply restart gnome or you comp.

rm -rf .gnome .gnome2 .gconf .gconfd .metacity

how to kill active TCP connections

2010-03-23T16:34:00.001+01:00

You could also use IPTables which works on all Linux distros.

For dropping traffic from a single host I use:

Code:

iptables -I INPUT -s  -j DROP

Just replace with the address of the host that you want to drop traffic from.

How to find files newer then x-days on Linux

2010-02-08T16:38:00.003+01:00

Find files newer than x Days on Linux - easy way
in terminal / command line
using "find" command

Code:
:~$ find * -mtime -30 | xargs ls -lh with pipe
:~$ find -atime $mtime -exec rm -f {} without pipe

How to delete files older then x-days on Linux

2010-02-08T13:10:00.008+01:00

Delete Files Older then x Days on Linux - easy way
in terminal / command line
using "find" command

Code:

find *.txt -mtime +30 | xargs rm

"find" executing program
"*.txt" file
"-mtime +30" files older then 30 days
" | " pipe
"xargs" executing program
"rm" executing command

Free Public DNS Server

2010-02-05T16:44:00.001+01:00

Service provider: Google

8.8.8.8
8.8.4.4

Service provider: ScrubIt
Public dns server address:

67.138.54.100
207.225.209.66

Service provider:dnsadvantage
Dnsadvantage free dns server list:

156.154.70.1
156.154.71.1

Service provider:OpenDNS
OpenDNS free dns server list:

208.67.222.222
208.67.220.220

Service provider: vnsc-pri.sys.gtei.net
Public Name server IP address:

4.2.2.1
4.2.2.2
4.2.2.3
4.2.2.4
4.2.2.5
4.2.2.6

Newsgroups Ubuntu (Linux) Guide

2010-02-04T23:50:00.003+01:00

Newsgroups Ubuntu (Linux) Guide

In this guide we'll be setting up everything we need to successfully use the newsgroups on an Ubuntu installed Linux box. Our starting point will be a fresh install of Ubuntu 8.0.4:

Fresh Ubuntu Install

Step 1 - Install/Configure Newsreader - Download Files

Head over to the Synaptic Package Manager and install Klibido. If you plan on using the newsgroups for more than downloading, you may want to install the more full featured Pan newsreader instead, but for our purposes Klibido does a fine job. The Synaptic Package Manager will probably want to install some dependency packages as well, make sure you let it!

Make sure you set your download directory so you know where stuff winds up. BTW: you do this for every new file sharing program you use right? k, just making sure you're not a loser newb or something: 'i downloaded it, but i have no idea where it went?' is so played out and annoying.

Klibido runs the Preferences setup on first load

Klibido will say it can't find the files in your database that it hasn't created yet (can't the programmers put in a first run exception? is it that hard??) - you should dutifully click yes to recreate them - NOW.

Click Server on top of the now open Klibido program window (maximize the program if it started small as hell like mine did) and then click New Server... to reach the add server screen. Guess what you do here? You add your server details (duh!). At this point I certainly hope you've read through the rest of this guide already and know what a server is and why you need a really good one. If not, no problem.

Now you have your newsreader all set and ready to go. WooHoo! Now go find an NZB file to begin downloading from the newsgroups. Here is where Klibido (and Pan) are lacking compared to Windows readers -- the program cannot be launched using the nzb file and automatically start downloading. So what you have to do is save the NZB file (try using your download directory) and then load it into your news reader once you load it. Click on File then Download .nzb in Klibido or Import NZB Files... in Pan. Once the NZB is loaded, the news reader gets to work and downloads all the files in the archive:

Klibido downloading an NZB set

Step 2 - Install PyPar (PAR/PAR2 Utility) - Check Archive for errors

Back to Synaptic Package Manager we go, this time to install PyPar2. When you select it, it will alert you to install the par2 package if you haven't already done so, this is necessary. Run PyPar2 by going to Applications then Other to find PyPar2. After it loads, select the par2 file for the archive:

PyPar2 load par2 file window

Then let 'er rip:

PyPar2 checking files

After PyPar2 has finished performing it's magic, you will have a complete archive set, and you're ready to put it all together in the next step.

Step 3 - Install rar (Rar Utility) - Restore archive to original state

Back to (guess where?) Synaptic Package Manager we go, this time to install rar. rar is a simple install (no dependencies). After you have installed it browse to your download folder (you remember that folder right?) and right click on the beginning rar file and select Extract Here to restore the archive:

Restoring a rar archive

After it finishes you will have in your directory the archive as it was originally (you may want to now delete all the par and rar files). The world is yours! have fun.

How to flush Linux cache ?

2010-01-19T23:25:00.003+01:00

Flushing Linux Caches

Recent versions of Linux (i.e. since 2.6.16) have added the ability to flush their caches. You can run:

$ sync ; echo 3 | sudo tee /proc/sys/vm/drop_caches