Mahesh

Xml Converting For Serilization

2011-07-12T07:42:00.002+05:30

public bool InsertMarks(MarksDTO marksdto)
        {
            XmlSerializer serializer = new XmlSerializer(typeof(MarksDTO));
            System.IO.MemoryStream stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
            System.Xml.XmlDocument doc = new System.Xml.XmlDocument();
            try
            {
                serializer.Serialize(stream, marksdto);
                stream.Position = 0;
                doc.Load(stream);

                ExaminationBranchDAO examDAO = new ExaminationBranchDAO();
                return examDAO.InsertStudentMarks(doc.InnerXml);
            }

            catch
            {
                throw;
            }

            finally
            {
                stream.Close();
                stream.Dispose();
            }
        }

public bool InsertStudentMarks(string MarksXML)
        {
            object[] parameters = { MarksXML };

            try
            {
                Int32 n = Convert.ToInt32(db.ExecuteScalar("usp_add_student_marks", parameters));
                if (n > 0)
                {
                    return true;
                }

            }
            catch (System.Data.DataException exception)
            {
                ErrorHandler.WriteError(exception.Message, exception);
            }
            return false;
        }

Error File

2011-06-07T07:54:00.001+05:30

public static void WriteError(string errorMessage, Exception objException)
        {
            try
            {
                string path = "~/ErrorLogs/" + DateTime.Today.ToString("dd-mm-yy") + ".txt";
                if (!File.Exists(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(path)))
                {
                    File.Create(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(path)).Close();
                }
                using (StreamWriter w = File.AppendText(System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Server.MapPath(path)))
                {
                    w.WriteLine("\r\n Error Logs : ");

                    string err = "An Unhandled Exception Occured in: " + System.Web.HttpContext.Current.Request.Url.ToString() + "\r\n" +

                                  "\r\n Machine Name        : " + Dns.GetHostName().ToString() + "\r\n" +
                                  "\r\n Date                : " + DateTime.Now.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture) + "\r\n" +
                                  "\r\n Method Name            : " + objException.TargetSite.Name.ToString() + "\r\n" +
                                  "\r\n Error Message        : " + objException.Message.ToString().Trim() + "\r\n" +
                                  "\r\n Stack Trace            : " + objException.StackTrace.ToString().Trim();
                    w.WriteLine(err);
                    w.WriteLine("^^-------------------------------------------------------------------^^");
                    w.Flush();
                    w.Close();
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                WriteError(ex.Message, ex);
            }

        }

Making serilization

2011-06-07T07:35:00.001+05:30

Category cat1 = new Category();
            cat1.Available = true;
            cat1.CategoryCode = "CatCode1";
            cat1.CategoryID = Guid.NewGuid();

            cat1.IsProgramLevel = true;
            cat1.ParentCategoryID = Guid.NewGuid();
            cat1.StringID = Guid.NewGuid();
            cat1.CategoryName = new LocalizationEntity();
            cat1.CategoryName.LocalizedString = "Cat Name1";
            cat1.CategoryName.LocalizedStringID = cat1.StringID;
            cat1.CategoryName.PlatformLanguageID = Guid.NewGuid();
            cat1.CategoryName.LocalizedStringID = Guid.NewGuid();

            string xmldataCat = SerializationHelper.Serialize(typeof(Category), cat1);

            SerializationHelper.SerializeBOData(typeof(Category), @"d:\testcat.xml",cat1);

            Category catNew = (Category)SerializationHelper.DeSerialize(typeof(Category), xmldataCat);

            Category catnewFile = (Category)SerializationHelper.DeserializeXml(typeof(Category), @"d:\testcat.xml");

            //CIPAttribute attr1 = new CIPAttribute();
            //CIPAttribute attr2 = new CIPAttribute();
            //ca.Attributes.Add(attr1);
            //ca.Attributes.Add(attr2);
            //ca.CIPCategory = cat1;

           // string xmlData = SerializationHelper.Serialize(typeof(CategoryAttribute), ca);

Serilization

2011-06-07T07:33:00.002+05:30

public class SerializationHelper
{
///

/// Method to Serialize Object
///

        ///
Object Entity Type
        /// seralization object
        /// Inner XML Data
        public static string Serialize(Type entityType, object seralizationObject)
        {
            string resultXML = string.Empty;
            System.IO.MemoryStream stream = new System.IO.MemoryStream();
            System.Xml.XmlDocument doc = new System.Xml.XmlDocument();

            try
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(entityType);
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(stream, seralizationObject);
                if (stream != null)
                {
                    stream.Position = 0;
                    doc.Load(stream);
                    resultXML = doc.InnerXml;
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                return string.Empty;
            }

            return resultXML;
        }

        ///

/// Method to DeSerialize XMl to Object
///

        /// Object Entity Type
        /// Inner XML Data
        /// DeSerialized Object
        public static object DeSerialize(Type entityType, string xmlData)
        {
            object result = null;
            try
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(entityType);
                using (TextReader tr = new StringReader(xmlData))
                {
                    result = xmlSerializer.Deserialize(tr);
                }
            }
            catch
            {
                return null;
            }

            return result;
        }

        public static void SerializeBOData(Type type, string xmlFile, object obj)
        {
            TextWriter textWriter = null;

            try
            {
                XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(type);

                // Writing the file requires a StreamWriter.
                textWriter = new StreamWriter(xmlFile);

                // Serialize the BOData to xml.
                if (textWriter != null)
                {
                    xmlSerializer.Serialize(textWriter, obj);
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Log the exception.

            }
            finally
            {
                if (textWriter != null)
                {
                    textWriter.Close();
                }
            }
        }

        public static object DeserializeXml(Type boDataType, string xmlFile)
        {

            TextReader textReader = null;

            try
            {
                if (!System.IO.File.Exists(xmlFile))
                {
                    return null;
                }

                XmlSerializer xmlSer = new XmlSerializer(boDataType);

                // Read the XML.
                textReader = new StreamReader(xmlFile);

                // Cast the deserialized xml to the type of BOData.
                return xmlSer.Deserialize(textReader);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                // Propogate the exception.

            }
            finally
            {
                if (textReader != null)
                {
                    textReader.Close();
                    textReader = null;
                }
            }

            // Return the data transfer object.
            return null;
        }
    }

XML Sqlquery

2011-06-07T07:31:00.002+05:30

USE [CIPDB]
GO
/****** Object: StoredProcedure [dbo].[uspAddProgramCategory]    Script Date: 02/08/2011 18:44:43 ******/
SET ANSI_NULLS ON
GO
SET QUOTED_IDENTIFIER ON
GO
ALTER Procedure [dbo].[upsAddProgramCategory]
(

/* Serialized DataXML*/
    @xmlData XML
)
AS
/* Try Statement Begins */
/*BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRANSACTION */
/* This Insert Statement populates a CIPProgram Table*/

DECLARE @xmlPointer INT -- Pointer variable
EXEC sp_xml_preparedocument @xmlPointer OUTPUT,
                            @xmlData -- Get XML document into memory
DECLARE @ProgramID uniqueidentifier
DECLARE @CategoryID uniqueidentifier
DECLARE @err AS INT

BEGIN TRY
BEGIN TRANSACTION

INSERT INTO dbo.LocalizationMaster
(
    StringID
)
SELECT
StringID
FROM OPENXML (@xmlPointer,'/ProgramCategory',1)
WITH(StringID uniqueidentifier 'StringID')

SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('An error occured',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END

SELECT @ProgramID = ProgramID ,@CategoryID = CategoryID
    FROM OPENXML (@xmlPointer,'/ProgramCategory',1)
    WITH(
        ProgramID uniqueidentifier 'ProgramID',
        CategoryID uniqueidentifier 'CategoryAttribute/CategoryID'
        )
Print '1'
INSERT INTO ProgramCategory
           (
             [ProgramID],
             [CategoryID],
             [StringID],
             [DefaultLanguageID]
            )
     SELECT
            ProgramID,
            CategoryID,
            StringID,
            'cca5bd8d-172f-4687-9d58-607f0b235192'

FROM OPENXML (@xmlPointer,'/ProgramCategory',1)
WITH(
    ProgramID uniqueidentifier 'ProgramID',
    CategoryID uniqueidentifier 'CategoryAttribute/CategoryID',
    StringID uniqueidentifier 'StringID'
    )

SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('An error occured while adding the Program',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END

Print '2'
INSERT INTO LocalizedString
            (
                [LocalizedStringID],
                [PlatformLanguageID],
                [LocalizedString],
                [StringID]
            )
        SELECT
                LocalizedStringID,
                PlatformLanguageID,
                LocalizedString,
                StringID

FROM OPENXML (@xmlPointer,'/ProgramCategory/ProgramCategoryName',1)
WITH(
    LocalizedStringID uniqueidentifier 'LocalizedStringID',
    PlatformLanguageID uniqueidentifier 'PlatformLanguageID',
    StringID uniqueidentifier 'StringID',
    LocalizedString varchar(max) 'LocalizedString'
    )

Print '3'
SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('An error occured while adding LocalizedString',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END

SELECT
        AttributeID,
        StringID,
        DefaultLanguageID,
        Required,
        LocalizedStringID,
        PlatformLanguageID,
        LocalizedString
INTO #AttributeDetails
FROM OPENXML (@xmlPointer,'/ProgramCategory/Attributes/Attribute',1)
WITH(
    AttributeID uniqueidentifier 'AttributeID',
    StringID uniqueidentifier 'StringID',
    DefaultLanguageID uniqueidentifier 'DefaultLanguageID',
    Required bit 'Available',
    LocalizedStringID uniqueidentifier 'ProgramAttributeName/LocalizedStringID',
    PlatformLanguageID uniqueidentifier 'ProgramAttributeName/PlatformLanguageID',
    LocalizedString varchar(max) 'ProgramAttributeName/LocalizedString'
    )
Print '4'

INSERT INTO dbo.LocalizationMaster
(
    StringID
)
SELECT    #AttributeDetails.StringID
FROM #AttributeDetails

Print '5'

select * from #AttributeDetails

    SELECT
            @ProgramID,
            categoryAttribute.CategoryAttributeID,
            --#AttributeDetails.ProgramCategoryAttributeID,
            #AttributeDetails.Required,
            #AttributeDetails.StringID
    FROM #AttributeDetails , CategoryAttribute categoryAttribute
    WHERE categoryAttribute.AttributeID = #AttributeDetails.AttributeID
        AND categoryAttribute.CategoryID = @CategoryID

INSERT INTO ProgramCategoryAttribute(
            ProgramID,
            CategoryAttributeID,
            Required,
            StringID)
    SELECT
            @ProgramID,
            categoryAttribute.CategoryAttributeID,
            #AttributeDetails.Required,
            #AttributeDetails.StringID
    FROM #AttributeDetails , CategoryAttribute categoryAttribute
    WHERE categoryAttribute.AttributeID = #AttributeDetails.AttributeID
        AND categoryAttribute.CategoryID = @CategoryID

Print '6'
SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('An error occured while adding to ProgramCategoryAttribute',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END

Print '7'
INSERT INTO LocalizedString
            (
                [LocalizedStringID],
                [PlatformLanguageID],
                [LocalizedString],
                [StringID]
            )
        SELECT
                #AttributeDetails.LocalizedStringID,
                #AttributeDetails.PlatformLanguageID,
                #AttributeDetails.LocalizedString,
                #AttributeDetails.StringID
        FROM #AttributeDetails

Print '8'
SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('An error occured while adding to ProgramCategoryAttribute',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END

COMMIT TRANSACTION
SELECT @err = @@error
IF @err <> 0
BEGIN
        ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
        RAISERROR ('Caught exception An error occured',16,1)
        RETURN @err
END
END TRY

/* Catch Begins */
BEGIN CATCH
        SELECT @err = @@error
        IF @err <> 0
            BEGIN
                ROLLBACK TRANSACTION
                RAISERROR ('Caught exception An error occured',16,1)
                RETURN @err
        END
/* Catch Ends */
END CATCH

Deployer Service

2011-06-07T07:27:00.003+05:30

public class Deployer : IDeployer
    {
        public Deployer()
        {
        }

        public bool Deploy(DeploymentManifest dto, BODataDeployInformation boDeployInfo, DeploymentComponentType deployComponentType)
        {
            bool status = false;
            string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(boDeployInfo.ExecutableDirectory, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);
            if (logFilePath != string.Empty)
            {
                logFilePath = logFilePath.Replace(Constants.CDF_CLIENT_FOLDER_NAME, Constants.CDF_AGENT_FOLDER_NAME);
            }
            Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);
            switch (deployComponentType)
            {
                case DeploymentComponentType.Solution:
                    SolutionDeployer solutionDeployer = new SolutionDeployer(dto as Solution, boDeployInfo);
                    status = solutionDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.Site:
                    SiteDeployer siteDeployer = new SiteDeployer(dto as Site, boDeployInfo);
                    status = siteDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.SiteTemplate:
                    SiteTemplateDeployer siteTemplateDeployer = new SiteTemplateDeployer(dto as SiteTemplate, boDeployInfo);
                    status = siteTemplateDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.DeploymentManisfestList:
                    DeploymentManifestListDeployer listDeployer = new DeploymentManifestListDeployer(dto as DeploymentManifestList, boDeployInfo);
                    status = listDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.ListTemplate:
                    ListTemplateDeployer listTemplateDeployer = new ListTemplateDeployer(dto as ListTemplate, boDeployInfo);
                    status = listTemplateDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.ProfileProperty:
                    ProfilePropertyDeployer profilePropertyDeployer = new ProfilePropertyDeployer(dto as ProfileProperty);
                    status = profilePropertyDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.ManagedProperty:
                    ManagedMetadataPropertyDeployer managedPropertyDeployer = new ManagedMetadataPropertyDeployer(dto as ManagedProperty);
                    status = managedPropertyDeployer.Deploy();
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.StsAdmCommand:
                    ICommand commandStsAdm = CommandHandler.GetCommand(CommandType.StsAdmCommand, boDeployInfo);
                    status = commandStsAdm.Execute(dto as Microsoft.Spo.Cdf.BusinessObjects.StsAdmCommand);
                    break;
                case DeploymentComponentType.PowerShellCommand:
                    ICommand commandPS = CommandHandler.GetCommand(CommandType.PowerShellCommand, boDeployInfo);
                    status = commandPS.Execute(dto as Microsoft.Spo.Cdf.BusinessObjects.PowerShellCommand);
                    break;

            }
            return status;
        }

        public bool UploadDeploymentBit(BODataDeployInformation boDeployInfo, DeployComponent component)
        {
            bool uploadBitStatus = true;

            String agentPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;

            agentPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(agentPath);

            string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(agentPath, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);
            Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);

            BackupSPSite backupHandler = new BackupSPSite(boDeployInfo);
            uploadBitStatus = backupHandler.UploadDeploymentBit(new DeployComponent(Constants.CDF_AGGREGATE_MANIFEST_XML,
                                                                                      string.Empty,
                                                                                      DeploymentComponentType.AggregateOperation));
            return uploadBitStatus;
        }

        public bool UploadDeploymentBits(BODataDeployInformation boDeployInfo, DeploymentComponents components)
        {
            bool uploadBitStatus = true;

            String agentPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
            agentPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(agentPath);
            string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(agentPath, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);
            Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);

            BackupSPSite backupHandler = new BackupSPSite(boDeployInfo);
            uploadBitStatus = backupHandler.UploadDeploymentBits(components);
            return uploadBitStatus;
        }

        public bool DownloadDataBits(BODataDeployInformation deployInformation, DeployComponent component)
        {
            String agentPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
            agentPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(agentPath);
            string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(agentPath, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);
            Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);

            IDataManager dataDownload = DeployDataManager.Create(DataOperationType.FarmDataOperation);
            bool downloadBitsStatus = (bool)dataDownload.GetData(deployInformation, component);
            return downloadBitsStatus;
        }

        public bool CreateSPTimerJob(BODataDeployInformation deployInfo)
        {

            String agentPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
            agentPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(agentPath);

            string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(agentPath, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);

            Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);

            if (deployInfo.ExecutableDirectory != string.Empty)
            {
                deployInfo.ExecutableDirectory = agentPath; //setting Agent installed path
            }

            Assembly assembly = Assembly.Load(Constants.TIMERJOB_ASSEMBLY_NAME);

            if (assembly == null)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed to load assembly '{0}'", Constants.TIMERJOB_ASSEMBLY_NAME));
            }

            System.Type type = assembly.GetType(Constants.TIMERJOB_TIMER_FULLYQUALIFIED_CLASS);

            if (null == type)
            {
                throw new Exception(string.Format("Failed to load type '{0}'", Constants.TIMERJOB_TIMER_FULLYQUALIFIED_CLASS));
            }

            try
            {
                IDeploymentTimer deploymentTimer = Activator.CreateInstance(type) as IDeploymentTimer;
                deploymentTimer.Create(deployInfo);
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                CDFException ex1 = new CDFException(ex.Message);
                throw new FaultException(ex1);
                Logger.WriteLog(ex, CDFEventType.Error, DeploymentComponentType.TimerJob);
            }
            finally
            {

            }
            //SPTimerJob spTimerJob = new SPTimerJob();
            //return spTimerJob.Create(deployInfo);
            return true;
        }

        public void TranferCafPackageFile(CAFPackageFile packageFile)
        {
            try
            {
                String agentPath = System.Reflection.Assembly.GetExecutingAssembly().Location;
                agentPath = System.IO.Path.GetDirectoryName(agentPath);

                string logFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(agentPath, Constants.CDF_ERROR_LOG_FILE);

                if (packageFile.CDFExecutableDirectory != string.Empty)
                {
                    packageFile.CDFExecutableDirectory = agentPath;
                }

                Logger.InitializeLogger(logFilePath);

                string cabFilePath = packageFile.CDFRunDirectory;
                string destinationFilePath = string.Empty;

                if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(packageFile.CDFRunDirectory))
                    System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(packageFile.CDFRunDirectory);

                //constrct the CabFilePath in CDF RunDirectory and CR Number
                if (packageFile.ChangeRequestNumber != string.Empty)
                    cabFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(cabFilePath, packageFile.ChangeRequestNumber);

                // create output folder, if does not exist -- Change request number
                if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(cabFilePath))
                    System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(cabFilePath);

                if (packageFile.CAFPackageName.Contains(Constants.CDF_AGGREGATE_MANIFEST_XML))
                {
                    // create output folder, if does not exist -- Solution Artifacts
                    cabFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(cabFilePath, Constants.CDF_PACKAGE_FOLDER_NAME);
                    if (!System.IO.Directory.Exists(cabFilePath))
                    {
                        System.IO.Directory.CreateDirectory(cabFilePath);
                    }
                }

                destinationFilePath = cabFilePath;

                // delete the CAB file if it is already exists
                cabFilePath = System.IO.Path.Combine(cabFilePath, packageFile.CAFPackageName);
                if (System.IO.File.Exists(cabFilePath))
                {
                    System.IO.File.Delete(cabFilePath);
                }

                int chunkSize = 2048;
                byte[] buffer = new byte[chunkSize];

                using (System.IO.FileStream writeStream = new System.IO.FileStream(cabFilePath, System.IO.FileMode.CreateNew, System.IO.FileAccess.Write))
                {
                    try
                    {

                        do
                        {
                            // read bytes from input stream
                            int bytesRead = packageFile.FileByteStream.Read(buffer, 0, chunkSize);
                            if (bytesRead == 0) break;

                            // write bytes to output stream
                            writeStream.Write(buffer, 0, bytesRead);
                        } while (true);

                    }
                    catch (Exception ex)
                    {
                        Logger.WriteLog(ex, CDFEventType.Error, DeploymentComponentType.CABFileTransfer);
                    }
                    finally
                    {
                        if (writeStream != null)
                        {
                            writeStream.Close();
                        }
                    }
                }

                if (packageFile.CAFPackageName == Constants.CAF_PACKAGE_NAME)
                {
                    FileIO.ExtractUploadedPackagedFile(cabFilePath, destinationFilePath, packageFile.CDFExecutableDirectory);
                }
                //return true;
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                Logger.WriteLog(ex, CDFEventType.Error, DeploymentComponentType.CABFileTransfer);
                //return false;
            }
        }

    }

T News Live

2011-04-19T18:38:00.001+05:30

Telangana History

2010-12-04T22:39:00.000+05:30

Andhra Pradesh consists of three distinct regions, namely, Andhra, Rayalaseema and Talangana. Andhra and Rayalaseema were part of Madras province of the British empire. For approximately 400 years, Telangana was part of Hyderabad State, an independent kingdom ruled by Muslim Qutub Shahi and Nizam dynasties.

The history of Telengana began with the spread of Aryan civilization into this region. Early settlements in this region according to Buddhist works were along the banks of river Godavari in continuation with Mulaka around Paithan in Aurangabad district of Maharashtra and Asmaka with Podana or Bodan as capital. Bodan was a sacred place according to Jaina literature. There were many local chieftains or kings in this region in the historic period and they came under the rule of Mauryan Empire. It is only after Asoka the concept of sovereignty came to be known in this area. Asoka introduced a highly organized system of administration based on the concept of central authority. It took two more centuries for Telugu people to unite under the leadership of Chimuka the first ruler of Satavahana dynasty. The first major dynasty to rule the region was the Stavahana. Before the Satavahanas, there were many local rulers in different parts of Telengana such as Gobada, Narana, Kamvayasa, Sirivayasa and Samagopa. Samagopa ruled a large area for very long time. He issued a variety of coins of different denominations and in different metals. His rule was followed by that of Chimuka and coins with counter struck marks confirm this fact. All these local kings ruled from Kotalingala and early rulers of the Satavahana dynasty also ruled from here.

The Satavahana rule commenced around 30 BC and it spread far wide. There were great kings like Satakarni I, Pulumavi I, Hala, Gautamiputra Satakarni, Yajana Satakarni etc who by virtue of their political conquests, efforts to promote trade and commerce and patronage of arts left a rich legacy of their rule. It was during this period, the famous Buddhist stupas at Amaravati, Battiprolu, Gudivada, Pedda Ganjam, Dhulikatta, Kondapur in Andhra and cave temples at Karla, Nasik, in the Maharastra and great stupa at Sanchi in Malva were built. The rule is believed to have received royal patronage from Yajana Satakarni. The Satavahana rule ended in 230 AD. The large number of Satavahana coins found in various parts of Decan bear testimony to the enormous trade activity during their period. This includes trade with Roman Empire in the beginning of Christian era, which earned large quantities of gold in exchange for cotton, pepper, ivory, aromatics and precious stones. It is interesting to recall that Magavahana dynasty ruled north coastal Andhra when Satavahasnas were ruling Telengana and Vidarba.

The Satavahanas were followed by Vakatakas and Sakas of the Kardamaka family in the upper Deccan, the Ikshvakus in the Krishna valley and Chutus in the karanataka region. It seems that that northern Telengana was included in the Vakartaka kingdom until the arrival of Vishnukundins. The Ikshvaku rule in the Krishna valley was marked by hectic activities of the Buddhist missionaries. It is worth noting that during the post Satavahna period, the whole of Andhra Pradesh and particularly coastal tract was dotted with Buddhist stupas. Andhra desa became the center for the growth of Mahayana Buddhism and during this period trade contacts also developed with Burma, Malaya, Cambodia, Indonesia, Japan etc. It was again during this period distinctive Andhra art and architecture developed and this can be viewed in art galleries of Amaravati in Chennai and London. Andhra region became the center for Mahayana Buddhism, which propounded the madhyamika theory of Sunyavada School, which produced books on logic and philosophy. Sri Lanka was influenced by these contacts with Andhra, which is evident in their script and in the language. In the latter half of the fourth century AD, the Vishnukundins in Telegana and Pallavas in southern Andhra rose to power. Vishnukundin Madhavavarman was a great conqueror who brought much of the Decan lying to the north of Krishna under his rule. Their rule continued until the last quarter of the sixth century. Their copper coins were unique and had a core of iron, a metal that was not used again for making coins until 1980’s. Their contemporaries in southern Andhra were Pallavas and their founder was Virakurcha who was a subordinate under Satavahanas. An early member of this family Vishnu Gopa witnessed the invasion of Samudra Gupta in 370AD. The Gupta invasion of south was not to occupy land and subjugate kings but to revive Brahmanism. Sanskrit replaced the Prakrit language introduced by Buddhist missionaries. Thus started the decline of Buddhism from 5th century onwards in Andhra. Construction of temples for the gods and goddesses of the Puranic cult and celebration of Hindu festivals continued thereafter. These major changes brought about an integrated socio-religions culture in Andhra, which dominated all spheres of social life.

The beginning of the seventh century is another landmark in the Andhra history. Politically leaving the Pallava rule in the south the rest of Andhra Desa was brought under the rule of Pulakesi II of Badami Chalukyas. Having acquired a vast empire Pulakesi II conferred on his younger brother Kubja Vishnu Vardana the real authority over Vengi territory of Andhra and retained Rayalaseema and Telengana under his direct rule. Thus, coastal Andhra became the kingdom of the Vengi Chalukyas and remained so until the advent of Kakatiyas. There were many great rulers of this dynasty such as Jayasimha Vallabha I, Vijayaditya II, Raja Raja Narendra and Kulattunga I. The latter also ascended Chola throne after marrying Chola emperor’s daughter Ammanga Devi, Under Badami Chalukyas Saivism spread and the temple at Alampuram, Mahanadi, Satyavolu etc were built.

The Badami Chaulukyas were overthrown by Rashtrakkutas in 750 AD. A subordinate family was named by historians as Chalukyas of Bodhan or Vemulavada ruled over northern Telengana for two centuries. Arikesari II (930-955 AD) was a powerful king and was a patron of men of letters. The renowned Kannada poet Pampa and Jinavallabha were in his court. Vikramarjunavijaya, the great Kannada work was written at Vemulawada. During Rashrakuta rule many Jain centers flourished like Kolanupaka, Bairanpally etc.

During the period between 600-1000AD Rayalaseema area was ruled by Telugu Choda, Banas, Vaidumbas and other chiefs. In the history of Andhradesa 978 AD is another landmark, Chalukyas of Kalyani ousted the Rashtrakutas. During the later part of Chalukya local chiefs or petty mandaliks rule Andhra desa and especially in the 12th century, there was no effective central authority.

After 1156 AD, the Chalukyan power at Kalyani was overthrown by Bijjala. Kakatiyas gained superiority over other subordinates of Chalukyas in Telengana. They did not yield to Bijjala. Kakatiya Rudradeva proclaimed his independence in 1163 AD. Thus started Kakatiya rule from Orugallu. Their rule extended form Telengana to coastal region and in the south unto Kanchi. This was perhaps for the first time after Satavahana rule, that major part of Telugu speaking people were brought under one political authority. The Kalinga part of Andhra was continuosly under the rule of Eastern Gangas. During the rule of Ganga King Ananthavarma Choda Ganga (1076-1148) famous temple at Mukhalingam, Narayanapuram, Simhachalam, Bhuvaneshvar, Puri and Konarak were built. Art flourished during the rule of Ganga kings. Kakatiya Ganapatideva introduced uniform administration throughout his kingdom. Foreign trade flourished during Kakatiya rule. Motupalli near Chirala was a major port in those days, which was visited by Venecian traveler Marco Polo. Temple building was other important activity during this period. Several monuments of the times were at Pillalamarri, Palampet, Hanumakonda and Warangal fort that bear testimony to the artistic skills of artisans. The fall of Kakatiyas led to political turmoil. Some local chiefs formed a confederacy under the leadership of Kapaya nayaka and expelled Musilms form Warangal. Two separate kingdom, one by Reddy Chief Prolaya Vema in the coastal region with Kondavidu as capital and other by Velama chief Anapota Nayudu in Telengana were founded. They survived the onslaughts of Bahmanis for over hundred years and during that time great achievements in Telugu literature and culture occurred. The famous Telugu poets of the period were Srinatha, Errapradaga and Pothana. Vijayanagara and Gajapati rulers conquered the Reddy kingdom while Velama kingdom succumbed to Muslims.

The Decan in the middle of the fouteenth century was politically bisected roughly along the river Krishna, the north occupied by the Bahmanis and the south by Vijayanagara. This lasted unto 1565 AD, which marked the fall of Vijayanagara after the battle of Rakshasha Tangadi, Gajapati rulers of Orissa ruled the coastal Andhra. In 1515 AD, Qutub Shahi kingdom started with Golconda as capital. Aurangajeb defeated Qutub shahis in 1687 AD starting Mughal authority. In 1724 AD, Asaf Jahi rule commenced under Nizamulmulk but his successors lost vast areas to the East India Company and subsequently to the British. Telengana alone of Andhradesa remained with the Hyderabad state. Asaf Jahi rule ended in 1948 AD after police action. Andhra state formed in 1953 and Andhra Pradesh in 1956.

Telangana Gosa In Picatures

2010-11-15T09:13:00.001+05:30

From Our Telangana Friends.........

Telangana Endhuku Kavali ?

2010-11-10T20:48:00.000+05:30

Telangana Endhuku Kavali Ante

E prantha varikina e pradeshaniki kina first kavalisindhi aa prantham aa pradesh bagundalani

varu baguna tharvathene evarina

Reasons

1.1947 India Independence ,1948 Telangana Independence from Nizams

around 500 years Telangana anedhi separate Country ga undhi India ki kuda elanti sambandham ledhu Mana Telangana Tho

2.1948 lo TELANGANA India lo Merge ayindhi okkapadu INDIA ki 200 crores appu ichina ganatha mana telangana ku undhi

3.1953 Oct 1st Andhra(now Andhra Region &Seema Region) Madras ninchi 123 kalisi unna tharvatha separate state ga erpadadhi

4.E Andhra Rastram Erapdataniki Pottisriramulu 50 rojulu NiraharDiksha Chesadu dhani Palithame A Andhra Rastram

5. Kani E vokka Roju Andhra & Seema vallu Pottisriramula Thayga Phalanni Gurthu Chesukuntu aa roju Jarupukoru

6. Evvani Endhukante

Oka Telangana Vadu First vadi Prantham Gurinchi Thelusukovali

Kani E text books lonu Nizam Edhirinchi poradi Telangana Vimukthi kaligidhani ,Telangana Rastram 1948 sep 17th lo erpadidhani dhini kosam prana thayagulu Chesina varini Eppudu E text Books lo cheppaledhu

Ikkada Mosam Start ayindhi

A prana thayagalu chesina varili maa thathalu unanru vallanu eppudu memu thaluchukoleka poyam valla photo laku dhandalu pettaleka poyam ikkada maa history ki mosam jarigindhi

7.1953 lo Andhra Rastram Erpadaga Akkada kanisam oka jilla parishath pettukovataniki kuda Infrastructure ledhu vanarulu levu

valla drushti Hyderabad pina padindhi Telugu mataldutham ani okke okka reason tho Mana tho Merge Chepinchukonnaru appudu ikkad prajalaku amayakulu

8.aithe Idhi Conditional Ga Merge aindhi ekkadina Amayaka Prajalu undi Pushakalanga vanarulu unnappudu adhi first vallake chendhali ani

appudu pedha manashula oppandham prakaram Konni Conditions pettaru..

Kani E vokka roju aa conditions implement kaledhu

Inka Mosam choodandri

1.E okka sari Telangana Vadu CM ga 5 yrs Leru

2.PV NaraSimha Rao Shavanni Purthi ga kalakundane vadilesaru

3.Tank Band Pina Hyderabad Ratram(TELANGANA) kosam thayagam Chesina vari Vigrham Lekapovdam Ante valla intlo valla photo leka povdam

4.Nagarjuna Sagar Nalgonda lo undhi Akkad vallaku manchi neeru radhu kani Krishna District Manchi neeru veluthundhi Dhaniki thodu Floriad vyadhi

5.Manuguru lo Sanction aina Power Plant Vijaywada ku vellindhi Manuguru coal unadhi vijayawada lo adhi ledhu mari enhuku poindhi sanction aina tharvatha kuda

6.42% percent reservation anedhi Pedha manashula oppandham unnadhi intha varaku okka sector lo implement kaledhu mosam ikkada jarigindhi

7.APPSC exam lo Mana telangna vallaku thakkuva marks(written ekkuva marks vachina) vesi 2 category jobs ke parimitham chesi na ganath seema valladhi

8.Singareni antene telangana ikkada first Telangana vallaku jobs (80%) local Reservation (indian Constitution Rule) prakaram ivvali kani intha okka sari kuda idhi implement avvaledhu mosam ikkada jarigindhi

9.Telugu Thalli Telugu Thalli Antunaru Andhra and Seema Region ekkada okka vigrham undadhu

Telangana lo petti mosam chesthunaru

10.Ring Road Compenstion lo TG venkatesh ki Banjara Hills lo Place icharu kani Telangana vadiki chethulu dhooliparu thakkuva rate icharu

11.Lagadapati LANCO Hills Muslim Minorities dhi Adhi KABJA chesadu Manikonda prajalu valla shmashanam lo shavalu kala bettalante Lagadapati permission kavli endhukante adhi kuda occupy chesadu

Vedios

2010-09-28T22:16:00.000+05:30

APCPDCL-2010 Exam Paper as per my memory

2010-07-18T21:26:00.002+05:30

1.what will happen if reactive power is less than minimum value?

2.velocity error is which response?

3.IGBT is having both the properties
a.BJT and MOSFET

4.Field Effect Transistor acts as a ________?

5. SCR is Combination of
a. pn and pn junction b.pnp and pn junction c. pnp and npn junction d. pnp and np junction

6.why we use dc series motor in urban/suburban traction system ?
a. high starting torque b.with stand fluctuated loads c.high efficiency d. none of the above

7.accelaration 6km/hr in 30 secs free running 20 mins deceleration 6km/hr 30 secs
is for which traction system ?

8.Alternator is connected to bus bur prime mover is short circuited alternator acts as a

9.which motor having good power factor
a. capacitor startor b.capcitor run c. capacitor run and start d.shaded pole motor

10. what is the disadvantage of shaded pole motors

11.Common Emitter Transistor is a__________

12.If character equation having different signs the system is

13.when we apply Regenarative brakes

14.In CRO X-plate input is square wave Y-plate input is traingle wave what is the output

15. what is the use of blanker block in CRO

16.In Anderson Bridge for measuring the quantities by using unknown and known quantities of
    a.Resistance   b.Inductor c.Resistance and Inductor d.R L C

17.For Measurement of Capacitance which bridge we use ?

18.Some times we use Over Rated AC motors in some applications
     a. high efficiency ,low pf b. high efficiency ,high pf c.low efficiency ,low pf    d.low and low pf and eff

19.Over Current relay used in
    a.T/M lines b.Distribution lines c.Alternators D.Medium T/m Lines

20.LVDT is a ?

21.Ia0=1.8,Ia1=2.0,Ia2=1.5 amps what is the fault if values of currents is given
   a. LG fault b.LLG fault C.LLfault   d. 3phase fault

22.In Differential Compound Motor Series ckt is short circuited what it results
   a.Speed Decrease b.Speed Increase c. remains Same   d. None of the above

23.In full -load copper and Iron losses are given what will happened copper and iron losses if load half-full load

24.For a constant flux T/F   operating at 1000 rpm and 100 volts 50 Hz is speed is changed to New value 1200 rpm what is the new value of Voltage

25.Chopper Ton =100 and Toff=150 for protection of over voltage and over current

26. what is the phase shift of Common Emitter Transistor

27. In Step and Ramp responses what is the steady state errors

28. what is the condition of state space theory in both time and frequency domains

29.Half,semi,Full,Dual Convertor voltage values match the fallowing

30.what is the use of reheater in Thermal Power Plant

31. where is the surge tank placed in Hydro power plants.

32. which plant we used as peck load power plant
    a.hydro b.nuclear c. thermal d. Diesel

33.In Butt Welding what will happen if Subject thickness is incresed
   a. voltage and current increased    b. v and i Decreased   C. V constant I increased D. V and I Constant

34.3 phase induction squirrel cage ,3phase Slip Ring,Single Phase IM,Synchronous there starting methods

35.In DC shunt motor Series Resistance is short Circuited what will happen

36.How to we reduce magnetic hum in T/Fs

37.Treedoys are used for ?

38.A 400/220 Volts T/F P.U impdence is reffered to HV side is 0.1 P.u if we refer to LV what is impedence value

39.What is advantage the advantage of 3 phase over single phase

40.Gate Realizations

41.what is the max regulation of IMotors

42.What is The Efficiency of modern thermal power plants

43.If SurgeImpdence is terminated what will happen in T/M lines

44.what will happen if receiving end is open circuited

45.If system having 3 Asymptotes how many poles and zeros that system have

EVM(Electron Voting Machine) Tampering

2010-07-09T20:40:00.000+05:30

Hi All i Heard that It possible to Tamper the EVM Easily it is proven by one of hyderbad engineer
will we trust this or not....

As per my knowledge it is easy to program a Chip is easy....

Our Telangana Freedom Fighters(September 13, 1948)

2010-06-23T23:09:00.017+05:30

KOMARAM BHEEM

Komaram bheem was born in family of Gonda Tribals in the forests of Adilabad. he was not exposed to the out side world and didn not have any formal education

Bheem was inspired by Alluri Sitaramaraju, and his heart was aflame when he heard the death of Bhagat Singh. Realising that the time was near to revolt against the the Nizam Government's wild official injustice, Komaram Bheem became a veritable deity, raging with the fire of revolt.

Talukdar Abdul Sattar failed to bring Bheem to kow-tow his line. Abdul Sattar, well equipped with ninety policemen armed with guns, attacked Bheem, who did not have any armour to protect himself. On that fateful full moon night, hundreds of followers of Bheem armed themselves with bows, arrows, swords and spears. The fearless Gonds launched a frontal assault, from just a dozen feet away from the Nizam's police force, braved their guns, only to be riddled with bullets.

That night, the moon burnt like a flaming sun.

That night, the wild moonlight became a veritable stream of tears.

That night, the martyr Komaram Bheem became a deity and eternal hero to the Hindu community.

Komaram Bheem is Trible leader who fought against the erstwhile Asaf Jahi Dynasty for the liberation of Hyderabad State at the Beginning of the 20 th century .In telugu, he si known as Komaram Puli

The birth of the liberation movement originally took place when Hindus, be it villagers (Gramvasis), forest-dwelling tribals (Vanavasis) or city-dwellers (Nagaravasis), were fed up of the atrocities of the Nizam of Hyderabad.

Under the Nizam's theocratic rule (as under the previous rule by the Sultans), Hindus were killed or forcibly converted in lakhs. Countless Hindu women and children were raped and carred away as sex slaves. Ancient Hindu temples were desecrated and destroyed and built over by mosques. Hindu names of cities were banned and Islamic Slave Names were imposed on cities, viz. Hyderabad, Nizamabad, Sikandarabad, Adilabad, Karimnagar, Zaheerabad, Musheerabad, Quthbullapur and so on.

As neither Vanavasis, Gramvasis or Nagaravasis were spared the Islamic oppression, it was obvious that all of them would rise up in revolt. A group of Hindu bravehearts together to protest these acts, and finally, took up violent means to counter the Nizam and safeguard the Hindu masses. Komaram Bheem is a bright flame that lit the fire of liberation amongst the people.

CHITYALA AILAMMA

(1919 -1985)

There is nothing of my husband nothing of my son it is my name that has stood wherever i gothe sangham folk come and say ,'one should be like ailamma'

Hailing from the chakali caste in palakurti village aillamma's struggle for land and her Resistance to the nizam's forces make her a legend of the telangana peasant struggle. As the repression on her grew, she became totally involve in the struggle, travelling form village to village to escape the police. undeterred by arrest and torure the determination and courage aillamma showed was Exemplary.

DAASARADHI KRISHNAMACHARYULU

Dasarathi Krishnamacharya (1926—1987) was poet laureate of Andhra Pradesh. His early works Agni Dhara (1949) and Rudra Veena (1950) contain ‘flaming verses spitting spumes of fire and ire’. His poetic expression “My dear dear Telangana is a million diamond studded Veena’ endears him to all who know his daring exploits in opposing autocratic rule of Nizam in pre-independence days. He suffered imprisonment and must have been happy with liberation of Telangana and formation a state for the Telugus. His second phase of poetic career was characterized by national fervour. The third phase reflects his humanism and versatility as a poet. He authored several poetry volumes and introduced Rubaiyat in Telugu.

SARDAR SARVAYI PAPANNA GOUD

Sardar Sarvayi Papanna Goud born in Goud Community at Khilashapur Village near jangaon in Warangal District. He fought against the Muslim rule in Telangana. He Constituted some mansions and protected the interest of poor. He lived During the Period of AurangaZeb Hsivaji conquered maharastra From Muslim rule and at the Same Time Papanna occupied Telangana area from Mughal Rule Between 1687 to 1724

more about Click More

Mallu Swarajyam

K v Ranga Reddy

Konda Venkata Ranga Reddy popularly known as K. V. Ranga Reddy (born 1889, date of death unknown) is a former Deputy Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh .He is a freedom fighter who fought the telangana rebellion against the nizams

He was born in pedda mangalaram near hyderbad
He is Father-in-law of Marry Chenna Reddy

KALOJI

Naa Telangana Koti Ratanala Veena

More popularly known as Kaloji or Kalanna is a well known Indian freedom fighter and a political activist of Telangana

He is noted for his contributions in the social and literary fields. He won Padma Vibhushan.
Kaloji was born in Madikonda village outskirts of Warangal

During his student days and later, he was deeply influenced by the popular movements of the time like the Arya Samaja Movement especially the civil rights part of it, the Library Movement and the Andhra Maha Sabha Movement. The fraternal care and affection of his elder brother kaloji ramesh rao
a noted Urdu poet, has also played a vital role in shaping the personality of Kaloji. Kaloji participated in Andhra MahaSabha activities since its formation in 1934. He was also associated with the Arya samaj He actively participated in the freedom movement of the erstwhile Hyderabad State and underwent imprisonment under the Nizam He has also participated in various social, political and literary activities in Ap.
His active involvement with the masses and their problems and his tireless struggle for their emancipation have naturally earned him in equal measure the love of the people and the wrath of the powers that be. He is one of those select freedom fighters of our country who were imprisoned by the feudal lords and the alien rulers before the attainment of Indian Independence and by the native leaders thereafter.

RAAVI NARAYANA REDDY

Raavi Narayana Reddy is a Famous indian communist freedom fighter . A member of Andhra Mahasabha, Raavi Narayana Reddy was one of the Top Leaders of the Telangana Rebellion led by the Communist Party of India (CPI) against the Cruel rule of the Nizam king. He was born june 5, 1908 in Bollepally, Bhongiri Mandal, Nalgonds District Hyderabad State

During 1946-1951, Telangana Saw peasant guerilla armed struggle launched under the aegis of the communist party of india (CPI), led by Raavi Narayana Reddy, The Andhra Mahasabha Had Allied Itself With The CPI which had strong roots in the Telangana COUNTRY SIDE

More .....Members........ For Our Telangana..

Bandagi

Doddi Komarayya

Maqdum Moinuddin

Vattikota alwar

Tturrebaaz khan

Shoebulla khan

Baddam yella reddy

M B Goutham

Telangana Chaithnya Yatra

2010-06-09T22:29:00.001+05:30

Osmania University JAC and Telangana People Decided That

Congress and TeluguDesam Deciding to contest the by polls for the 12 assembly seats in telangana,
Osmania JAC Students decided that to Elect the politicians who resigned for Telangana.

This is our minimum responsibility to elect those politicians who resigned for Telangana
And that will shows to High Command and All Seema Andhra people.that Telangana sentiment is high in our minds .

Its not only for showing High Command and all others,
We want OUR TELANGANA,
We want OUR Identity,
We want our Culture
We want our Resources,

NAA TELANGANA KOTI RATNALA VEENA
All Telanganiates
just do for our sakes

Who are Trying to participate in By-poll elections in 12 assembly seats make them to loss their deposits ,
If possible throw stones on them.....

For Telangana so many students and people are committed suicide we have to respect for there souls
and we have to put there dreams into real life,

Not only for there sake its our Telangana Save telangana from these Money minded politicians
please elect only who resigned for telangana...........

Osmania Students Carrying Chaitanya Yatra In the Remote Villages of Telangan.

They Carrying Door -to- Door Campaign in the Rural areas to bring out awareness among the people of telangana region,

just pass this message to all our telanganiates....

show ur sentiment for telangana..............

Veerulara Vandhanam Amara veerulara Meeku padhbhi vandhanam
vidhyarthi veerulara vandhanam................

JORE SE BOLO, PYAR SE BOLO

JAI TELANGANA

JAI JAI TELANGANA...............

AP Genco-2010 For AEs Exam is Post Poned to Aug-01-08-2010 And How To APply

2010-06-09T12:19:00.003+05:30

AP Genco-2010 Exam Is Post Poned to AUG- 01-08-2010

Apply Online started from 5 th of this month closes this month of 25 th

Exam Date -Aug -01-2010

For JAOs ,Chemist,CIVIL Exam date -11-07-2010

For EEE,ECE,MECH   Exam Date -01-08-2010

To apply

Click The link above i.e To Apply ..............

Click ur related branch ...

Then Click on the Online Apply...

Before apply Please put ur Photograph with signature in ur PC..... with a small in size i.e. 50KB

Then go through the application format....

And after compelition of the application, then u will be able print both challana and application form..

For SC and STs Rs : 150 rs Challana

For OCs    350+150=500   rs Challana in ANY SBH.....

ALL THE BEST........

Ur s   Umamaheswar rao...

Feel free ask me any doubts........

How to Save Our Environment Please spend two minutes to know how ?

2010-06-05T21:11:00.006+05:30

World Environment Day Or Earth Day Every Year june 5th and April 22nd Earth Day we celebrate These Days.

By Conducting Public Meetings to teach some thing about environment which is around us.

Celebrating of Environment day doesn't mean that
Cycle Rally, Human Chain,20k/50k Run, Rally,Play Cards, Celebrities participation speeches media coverage that's it ,
By doing this World Environment day/Earth Day is over .
This is not a correct approach to celebrating environment day.

On The Occasion this day media starts from morning 6 AM to 11 PM Shouts , Scrolls and Shows the event repeatedly and say save Our Environment and Also Shows the Participation of celebrities in this rally(for making Business) so and so.. blah blah..........

This is not a correct approach to celebrate World Environment Day, that to be one day.

The Real celebration of Environment is to add our daily works, daily we have to celebrate Environment Day

From the Morning to till to End of the day at least we have to spend 5 to 10 minutes time to save our nature

Bio Diversity Global warming Green House Effect Ozen Layer Depletion Population

Lectures on above topics ,Speeches, Articles , Discussions, Complaints, Logo Release functions, Meetings, and Rally at the End they dont say Any Thing how to save

What i Mean to say is Please Save Our ENVIRONMENT

HOW ?

I Placed Some Points to Save Our Environment.......

1.Plantation : Every Person or Family Member need to plant one tree for every one week

2. Avoid Unwanted Electrical Appliances and switch off the unwanted Electrical Usage

3.Conserving of Water : Dont Spend to much time to take bath i.e. wasting of water

4. Try to improve Ground Water Dont Waste Water

5.Reduce The using of Four Wheelers and Two Wheelers use cycle or walk for shorter distances

6.Major avoid using of plastics : Use Glass Instead of plastic or papers   Encourage   Recycling of Paper
   Using Cloths (Even Encourage Recycling of Plastic)

7.Use Rechargeable Batteries instead of DIsposable

8. Avoid Using Disposable Things

9.Better Use Paper Made Things (Carry Bag, Paper Glasses,Toilet Papers)

10.LowFlush Toilets : That Decreases Usage of Less Water

11. Avoid Usage Of Highly Polluted Things

12. Buy Recyclable Products or things

13. Organic Foods : This Decrease using of Pesticides
      More About Organic Foods
Organic Food

14.At Home Clean U r Fridges weekly Once

15. Use FloureScent Bulbs

Please Save Environment

Save Green It Saves U..............

URs

Umamaheswar Rao.B

ApGecno-2010 Notification Released For Assistant Engineers Total-398

2010-06-03T09:04:00.003+05:30

ApGenco-2010 Released Notification for post of Assistant Engineers,Trainee Chemist,Trainee Junior Account Officer Exam On 25-07-2010

(for Engineering Graduates in ELECTRICAL,Mechanical,Electronics &Civil )

Total No of Posts : 398 (BL-38 +GR-360)

Trainee Chemist : 35

Trainee Junior Account Officer : 42

Total Apgenco : 475

How to Apply : Candidate has apply online Through http://www.apgenco.gov.in

Online Application Accessible Form 05-06-2010 to 25-06-2010

Written Exam : 25-07-2010

All the Best ............

A- Z shoppin ,movies,mp3,t-shirts ,geans,swimwear ,gadgets,wrist watches

2010-06-01T21:16:00.001+05:30

Hey find the links and images for selling and buying the A-Z products in fallowing links
and images
the site will show u are give u the products what ever u want

This is new product Kindle wireless Reading divice

Price $ 230.00

like all new products are available in the site amazon.com

Movies and mp3,New albums,images ............

will available in Amazon.com fallow the link for all DVDs,of new movies... and songs......

albums Holly wood.........

enjoy the products... that we have in amazon.com

even we can sell our second hand products also........

example of Black berry cell phone.....

Thank u for buying......

Previous year apgenco,apspdcl,apnpdcl,cpdcl,apepdcl

2010-05-27T17:19:00.000+05:30

Induction Machines.

1.Speed of the stator field of an induction motor is ?

a. synchoronous speed b. any speed c. less than synchoronous speed d. slip speed

2.Difference in speed between stator field and rotor field?

a. full load speed b. no load speed c.slip d. regulation

3.Frequency of current in rotor?

a. supply frequency b.supply frequency d. slip frequency

4.Shape of the torque slip curve ?

a. Rectangular hyperbola b. parabola c. sine d.cosine

5.Machine with negative slip ?

a.induction motor b. synchoronous machine c.induction generator d. brake

6. When rotor is at standstill ?

a.slip is zero b.slip is one c. any slip d. infinite slip

7.when the motor runs at synchoronous speed slip is ?

a. 1 b.infinite c.zero d. two

8.Which torque is greater ?

a.breakdown torque b. Full load c. No load d. Running Torque

9.An induction motor analogous to ?

a. DCmotor b. T/F c. Sync.Motor d.DC gen

10.Blocked rotor is analogous to ?

a.OC test b. SC test c. swibners d.load test

11.Rotor Copper loss is equal to

a. Frictional Loss b.Stator Loss c. Slip times rotor input d. rotational loss

12.For the purpose of Plugging?

a. N is positive w.r.t. Ns b .N=0 c.N is Negative w.r.t Ns d. N is Infinity

13.Parameter from no load test is ?

a.Ri and Xi b.Ro and Xo c.Copper Loss d. Impedence

14. If Stator field is rotating in clock wise direction rotor rotates in?

a.any direction b. cannot predict c. anti clockwise d. clock wise

15.Blocked rotor test is conducted at ?

a. High voltage b.rated current c. high current d.rated voltage

16.Speed of Rotor field in space ?

a. N b.Any speed c. Ns d. Slip Speed

17.Line joining tangent and output line in a circle diagram gives?

a.copper loss b.stator loss c. maximum output d. maximum torque

18.Line joining tangent and torque line in a circle diagram gives ?

a.copper loss b.stator loss c. maximum output d. maximum torque

19.No load test is conducted at ?

a. High voltage b.rated current c. high current d.rated voltage

****************************All the Best **********************

Protection of Electrical Systems(Relays,Fuses,switches,CB,CTs)

2010-05-24T23:28:00.002+05:30

Relay:
The device which detects the fault and isolates the operation of CB is called relay

Protection Of Alternators

1.Sudden Loss of Prime Mover
--it causes failure of prime mover it tends to alternator runs get inverted by using
reverse power relay this effect is protect
2.Sudden loss of Field
-- this cause the machine continuous to run as induction generator
3.Over Current
--- Because of overloading or Insulation breaking this will appear in alternators
over current relays are used for this problem
4.over speed
---partial reduction of load causes over speeds
-- Mechanical Con figural Governor will take care of this situation

5. over voltages
---partial withdraw of load causes overvoltages
automatic voltage regulators and automatic excitation controls will take care of the protection

Unbalancing Conditions
For this protection we use MergePrice schema

Pole slipping
when the 3 phase fault occurs this will appear in synchronous machines
electrical power suddenly becomes zero which causes max acceleration of the machine and rotor swings by a large angel with this it may loss its pole pitch
which causes dead short circuit or dead open circuit
--- it should be protected by tripping the field switch

Over Heating
-- Overloading
--failure of pulling mechanism
--Core Faults
this is protected by syristors(silicon controlled resistor)is used this schema is developped by using bridge balance method

Protection of Transformers

1.Internal faults---Buccholz Relay
2. Excess Leakage Current--By Using CT we Can Protect
3. unsymmetrical faults--Merze Price Schema
4. over Heating---- By using CT and heating element and Hating Sensor it will protect

Protection of Lines

--over currect protection-time,current,time/Current Gradding
--distance protection--Impedence,Reactane,Admittance
--pilot Relaying--For High Frequency Signals(wire pilots-upto 1kHz, CarrierPilot-1kHZ to 100KHz,Microwave-3 MHz to 900MHz)

Distance
Basic Equation
Torque-T
Gain Constants-K1,K2,K3,K4
T=K1 Isqure+K2 Vsqure+K3 VI cos(@-t)+K4
where K4 correction Factor

--Impedence-NonDirectional
K3=0,K4=0
used for protection of Distribution Lines and Short Transmission lines

Reactance Relay
--Change reactance due to
1. Frequency
2.Reactive power
3. Change of Sequence Operation
---NonDirectional Relay
for protection of Medium T/M lines
Negative Sequence Relay
Admittance Relay
--Directional Relay
For Long T/M Lines

PlugSettingMultiplier
PSM=Fault current/CurrentSetting*CT ratio

Bacterial Cell With a Synthetic Genome

2010-05-24T12:31:00.002+05:30

Scientists 'Boot Up' a Bacterial Cell With a Synthetic Genome

ScienceDaily (May 20, 2010) — Scientists have developed the first cell controlled by a synthetic genome. They now hope to use this method to probe the basic machinery of life and to engineer bacteria specially designed to solve environmental or energy problems.

The study will be published online by the journal Science, at the Science Express website, on May 20.
The research team, led by Craig Venter of the J. Craig Venter Institute, has already chemically synthesized a bacterial genome, and it has transplanted the genome of one bacterium to another. Now, the scientists have put both methods together, to create what they call a "synthetic cell," although only its genome is synthetic.
"This is the first synthetic cell that's been made, and we call it synthetic because the cell is totally derived from a synthetic chromosome, made with four bottles of chemicals on a chemical synthesizer, starting with information in a computer," said Venter.
"This becomes a very powerful tool for trying to design what we want biology to do. We have a wide range of applications [in mind]," he said.
For example, the researchers are planning to design algae that can capture carbon dioxide and make new hydrocarbons that could go into refineries. They are also working on ways to speed up vaccine production. Making new chemicals or food ingredients and cleaning up water are other possible benefits, according to Venter.
In the Science study, the researchers synthesized the genome of the bacterium M. mycoides and added DNA sequences that "watermark" the genome to distinguish it from a natural one.
Because current machines can only assemble relatively short strings of DNA letters at a time, the researchers inserted the shorter sequences into yeast, whose DNA-repair enzymes linked the strings together. They then transferred the medium-sized strings into E. coli and back into yeast. After three rounds of assembly, the researchers had produced a genome over a million base pairs long.
The scientists then transplanted the synthetic M. mycoides genome into another type of bacteria, Mycoplasm capricolum. The new genome "booted up" the recipient cells. Although fourteen genes were deleted or disrupted in the transplant bacteria, they still looked like normal M. mycoides bacteria and produced only M. mycoides proteins, the authors report.
"This is an important step we think, both scientifically and philosophically. It's certainly changed my views of the definitions of life and how life works," Venter said.
Acknowledging the ethical discussion about synthetic biology research, Venter explained that his team asked for a bioethical review in the late 1990s and has participated in variety of discussions on the topic.
"I think this is the first incidence in science where the extensive bioethical review took place before the experiments were done. It's part of an ongoing process that we've been driving, trying to make sure that the science proceeds in an ethical fashion, that we're being thoughtful about what we do and looking forward to the implications to the future," he said.
This research was funded by Synthetic Genomics, Inc. Three of the authors and the J. Craig Venter Institute hold Synthetic Genomics, Inc. stock. The J. Craig Venter Institute has filed patent applications on some of the techniques described in this paper.

CPDCL,NPDCL,SPDCL,EPDCL Notifications for AE"s For EEE Degree Holders

2010-05-24T12:09:00.000+05:30

CPDCL,NPDCL,EPDCL,SPDCL notifications are released from APgovt

For ASSITANT ENGINEERS

qulification : Engg in Electrical and Electronics.....

CPDCL- total 64 posts

NPDCL-34 posts

EPDCL-30

SPDCL-30 posts.......

no interviews only on the basis of merit list...candidates will select for AE posts........

All the best friends.........

ELECTRICAL SHOCKS............

UMAMAHESWAR
Hyderabad

APGENCO Syllabus For EEE Notification not Released

2010-05-20T13:25:00.004+05:30

Ap Genco syllabus

1.ELECTRICAL CIRCUITS AND NETWORKS

Kirchhoff laws, mes and node analysis, network theorems, sinusoidal steady state analysis of single phase and three phase circuits,
resonance, transient response of RL,RC,RLC circuits for different inputs, two-port networks, two element network synthesis.

2. CONTROL SYSTEMS

modeling of physical systems, Block diagrams and signal flow graphs, tiem and frequency domain analysis, steady state errors, Rouths' criterion,nyquist and bode plots, compensation, root loci,elementary ideas of state variable analysis, control system components

3.MEASUREMENTS AND INSTRUMENTATION

SI units, measurement of current, voltage , power, power -factor and energy, Measurement of resistance, inductance , capacitance and frequency-bridge methods, transducers and their applications to the measurement of non electrical quantities like temperature , pressure, strain, displacement etc.., cathode ray oscilloscope.

4. ANALOG AND DIGITAL ELECTRONICS

characteristics of diodes, BJT, FET,SCR, Amplifier biasing, equivalent circuits , frequency response, feedback amplifiers,power amplifiers ,oscillators, operational amplifiers and applications, wave shaping circuits, multi vibrators, flip-flops, universal gates, combinational circuits, A/D and D/A converters

5.ELECTRICAL MACHINES AND POWER ELECTRONIC DRIVES :

Single phase transformer, equivalent circuit, tests, regulation and efficiency, three phase transformer connections parallel operation, auot transformer, principle of energy conversion, windings of rotation machines, DC generators and motors, characteristics, starting and speed control, single phase induction motors, synchronous generations, performance, regulation, parallel operation,synchronous motors, starting characteristics and applications, synchronous condensers, fractional horse power motors, permanent magnet and stepper motors, characteristics of power electronic devices, phase control, bridge converters, choppers and inverters, basic concepts of adjustable speed drives.

6.POWER SYSTEMS :

Electrical power generation thermal, hydro, nuclear : transmission line parameters, steady state performance of overhead transmission lines and cables, surge propagation , distribution systems, insulators, bundle conductors, corona, and radio interference effects, per-unit quantities, bus admittance and impedance matrices, load flow, voltage control and power factor correction, economic operation symmetrical components, analysis of symmetrical and unsymmetrical faults, principles of over current, differential and distance protections, circuit breakers, concept of system stability, swing curves and equal area criterion

DotNet Interview Questions

2010-05-20T13:20:00.002+05:30

DOTNET QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. What is .Net Framework?

The .NET Framework is an integral Windows component that supports building and running the next generation of applications and XML Web services. The .NET Framework is designed to fulfill the following objectives

The .NET Framework has two main components: the common language runtime and the .NET Framework class library. The common language runtime is the foundation of the .NET Framework. You can think of the runtime as an agent that manages code at execution time, providing core services such as memory management, thread management, and remoting, while also enforcing strict type safety and other forms of code accuracy that promote security and robustness. In fact, the concept of code management is a fundamental principle of the runtime. Code that targets the runtime is known as managed code, while code that does not target the runtime is known as unmanaged code. The class library, the other main component of the .NET Framework, is a comprehensive, object-oriented collection of reusable types that you can use to develop applications ranging from traditional command-line or graphical user interface (GUI) applications to applications based on the latest innovations provided by ASP.NET, such as Web Forms and XML Web services

2. ASP.Net life Cycle?

The Life Cycle of a page when requested for the first time:

Initializing: During this phase, the server creates an instance of the server control

Loading: During this phase, the instance of the control is loaded onto the page object in which it is defined.

PreRendering: During this phase, the control is updated with the changes made to it. This prepares the control for rendering.

Saving: During this phase, the state information of the control is saved. For example, if a value is set for the control during the Load event, it is embedded in the HTML tag that will be returned to the browser.

Rendering: During this phase, the server creates the corresponding HTML tag for the control.

Disposing: During this phase, all cleanup tasks, such as closing files and database connections opened by the control are performed.

Unloading: During this phase, all cleanup tasks, such as destroying the instances of server control are performed. This is the final event in the life cycle of a server control

3. Assembly’s

Assemblies are the building blocks of .NET Framework applications; they form the fundamental unit of deployment, version control, reuse, activation scoping, and security permissions. An assembly is a collection of types and resources that are built to work together and form a logical unit of functionality. An assembly provides the common language runtime with the information it needs to be aware of type implementations. To the runtime, a type does not exist outside the context of an assembly.

Assemblies are a fundamental part of programming with the .NET Framework. An assembly performs the following functions:

· It contains code that the common language runtime executes. Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) code in a portable executable (PE) file will not be executed if it does not have an associated assembly manifest. Note that each assembly can have only one entry point (that is, DllMain, WinMain, or Main).

It forms a reference scope boundary. The assembly's manifest contains assembly metadata that is used for resolving types and satisfying resource requests. It specifies the types and resources that are exposed outside the assembly. The manifest also enumerates other assemblies on which it depends.
Assemblies can be static or dynamic. Static assemblies can include .NET Framework types (interfaces and classes), as well as resources for the assembly (bitmaps, JPEG files, resource files, and so on). Static assemblies are stored on disk in portable executable (PE) files. You can also use the .NET Framework to create dynamic assemblies, which are run directly from memory and are not saved to disk before execution. You can save dynamic assemblies to disk after they have executed.
There are several ways to create assemblies. You can use development tools, such as Visual Studio 2005, that you have used in the past to create .dll or .exe files. You can use tools provided in the Windows Software Development Kit (SDK) to create assemblies with modules created in other development environments. You can also use common language runtime APIs, such as to Refelection.emit create dynamic assemblies.

GAC & installation Files

Each computer where the common language runtime is installed has a machine-wide code cache called the global assembly cache. The global assembly cache stores assemblies specifically designated to be shared by several applications on the computer.
You should share assemblies by installing them into the global assembly cache only when you need to. As a general guideline, keep assembly dependencies private, and locate assemblies in the application directory unless sharing an assembly is explicitly required. In addition, it is not necessary to install assemblies into the global assembly cache to make them accessible to COM interop or unmanaged code.

Ex : gacutil [options] [assemblyName | assemblyPath | assemblyListFile]

4. MSIL

When compiling to managed code, the compiler translates your source code intoMicrosoft intermediate language (MSIL),which is a CPU-independent set of instructions that can be efficiently converted to native code. MSIL includes instructions for loading, storing, initializing, and calling methods on objects, as well as instructions for arithmetic and logical operations, control flow, direct memory access, exception handling, and other operations. Microsoft intermediate language (MSIL) is a language used as the output of a number of compilers and as the input to a just-in-time (JIT) compiler. The common language runtime includes a JIT compiler for converting MSIL to native code.

5. Compilers

6. JIT

7. Runtime Compilers and debug compilers

8. Web.config & Machine .config

9. Authentication a & authorization

10. Events ,event bubbling

11. String and string builder

12. WCF and WCF overloading

13. Linq to Sql

14. SharePoint server overview

15. WSS and Moss

16. Sqlconnection flow

17. Cursors,triggers,indexes

Cursor is a database object used by applications to manipulate data in a set on a row-by-row basis, instead of the typical SQL commands that operate on all the rows in the set at one time. For example, you can use cursor to include a list of all user databases and make multiple operations against each database by passing each database name as a variable

SQL Server is very good at handling sets of data. For example, you can use a single UPDATE statement to update many rows of data. There are times when you want to loop through a series of rows a perform processing for each row. In this case you can use a cursor.

Creates a DML, DDL, or logon trigger. A trigger is a special kind of stored procedure that automatically executes when an event occurs in the database server. DML triggers execute when a user tries to modify data through a data manipulation language (DML) event. DML events are INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE statements on a table or view.

18. CCW & RCW

19. Delegate

A delegate can hold reference/s to one more more functions and invoke them as and when needed.

A delegate needs the method's name and its parameters (input and output variables) when we create a delegate. But delegate is not a standalone construction. it's a class. Any delegate is inherited from base delegate class of .NET class library when it is declared. This can be from either of the two classes

from System.Delegate or System.MulticastDelegate.

If the delegate contains a return type of void, then it is automatically aliased to the type of System.MulticastDelegate. This can support multiple functions with a += operator. If the delegate contains a non-void return type then it is aliased to System.Delegate class and it cannot support multiple methods.

20. Reversing string in C#

using System;

static class StringHelper

///

    /// Receives string and returns the string with its letters reversed.

///

    public static string ReverseString(string s)

        char[] arr = s.ToCharArray();

        Array.Reverse(arr);

        return new string(arr);

21. Magic Tables

There are 2 Magic Tables in SQL server Inserted and Deleted.
These are mantained by SQL server for Internal processing whenever an update, insert of delete occur on a table. However, we can refere these tables in a Trigger.
Whenever an update table statement is fired SQL server mantains the original row before updation in a deleted table and New (updated )row in a Inserted Table.

Same is the case when an insert is fired Only Inserted table is populated with inserted Row.
and when Delete table statement is fired Deleted table is populated with the deleted row.

1. Inserted

Insert

Update

2. Deleted

22. Views

23. State management

A new instance of the Web page class is created each time the page is posted to the server. In traditional Web programming, this would typically mean that all information associated with the page and the controls on the page would be lost with each round trip. For example, if a user enters information into a text box, that information would be lost in the round trip from the browser or client device to the server.
To overcome this inherent limitation of traditional Web programming, ASP.NET includes several options that help you preserve data on both a per-page basis and an application-wide basis. These features are as follows:

· View state

· Control state

· Hidden fields

· Cookies

· Query strings

· Application state

· Session state

· Profile Properties

View state, control state, hidden fields, cookies, and query strings all involve storing data on the client in various ways. However, application state, session state, and profile properties all store data in memory on the server. Each option has distinct advantages and disadvantages, depending on the scenario.

View State

The view state property provides a dictionary object for retaining values between multiple requests for the same page. This is the default method that the page uses to preserve page and control property values between round trips.

When the page is processed, the current state of the page and controls is hashed into a string and saved in the page as a hidden field, or multiple hidden fields if the amount of data stored in the view state property exceeds the specified value in the Max pagestate field length property. When the page is posted back to the server, the page parses the view-state string at page initialization and restores property information in the page.

ViewState["color"] = "red";

b. Control State – If you create a custom control that requires view state to work properly, you should use control state to ensure other developers don’t break your control by disabling view state. 



c. Hidden fields – Like view state, hidden fields store data in an HTML form without displaying it in the user's browser. The data is available only when the form is processed. 



d. Cookies – Cookies store a value in the user's browser that the browser sends with every page request to the same server. Cookies are the best way to store state data that must be available for multiple Web pages on a web site. 



e. Query Strings - Query strings store values in the URL that are visible to the user. Use query strings when you want a user to be able to e-mail or instant message state data with a URL. 



2. Server – Side State Management 

a. Application State - Application State information is available to all pages, regardless of which user requests a page. 



b. Session State – Session State information is available to all pages opened by a user during a single visit. 



Both application state and session state information is lost when the application restarts. To persist user data between application restarts, you can store it using profile properties.

24. How to call JavaScript function in code behind?

Clientmanager.registerstartupscript();

25. Static class and static methods

A static constructor is only called one time, and a static class remains in memory for the lifetime of the application domain in which your program resides.

What is Polymorphism?
Polymorphism means same operation may behave differently on different classes.
Example of Compile Time Polymorphism: Method Overloading
Example of Run Time Polymorphism: Method Overriding

Example of Compile Time Polymorphism

Method Overloading
- Method with same name but with different arguments is called method overloading.
- Method Overloading forms compile-time polymorphism.
- Example of Method Overloading:
class A1
{
void hello()
{ Console.WriteLine(“Hello”); }

void hello(string s)
{ Console.WriteLine(“Hello {0}”,s); }
}

Example of Run Time Polymorphism

Method Overriding
- Method overriding occurs when child class declares a method that has the same type arguments as a method declared by one of its superclass.
- Method overriding forms Run-time polymorphism.
- Note: By default functions are not virtual in C# and so you need to write “virtual” explicitly. While by default in Java each function are virtual.
- Example of Method Overriding:
Class parent
{
virtual void hello()
{ Console.WriteLine(“Hello from Parent”); }
}

Class child : parent
{
override void hello()
{ Console.WriteLine(“Hello from Child”); }
}

static void main()
{
parent objParent = new child();
objParent.hello();
}
//Output
Hello from Child.

Value type and reference type

Get and Post Method

Get Vs Post Method

Get Vs Post Method to send data to the server

Get and Post are methods used to send data to the server:
With the Get method, the browser appends the data onto
the URL. With the Post method, the data is sent
as "standard input."

Use GET:
- during development for debugging purposes (although in ASP.NET it's
also easy to see what has been sent through POST).
- if you want your visitors to be able to bookmark the submitted pages
- if you want to refer to submitted pages using hyperlinks

Use POST:
- for forms with password fields
- for large forms or forms with large text fields

Please note that web forms in ASP.NET use POST by default.

It can be changed into GET, but only for small forms. Web forms can post a lot
of data, especially when ViewState is involved.

Access modifiers

Classes

and structs can be restricted so that only the program or namespace they are declared in may use them. Class members can be restricted so that only derived classes can use them, or restricted so that only classes within the current namespace or program can use them. Access modifiers are keywords added to the class, struct, or member declaration to specify these restrictions. So in a nutshell access modifiers are keywords which control the visibility of class members and other code constructs.

The access modifiers in .NET are

1. public

2. private

3. protected

4. internal

5. protected internal

public

Public means visible to everyone and everywhere.

Access cases

1. By objects of the class

2. By derived classes

private

Private means hidden and usable only by the class itself. No code using a class instance can access a private member and neither can a derived class. Information or functionality that will not be needed or has no meaning outside of the context of a specific class should be made private.

Access cases

1. Cannot be accessed by object

2. Cannot be accessed by derived classes

protected

Protected members are similar to private ones in that they are accessible only by the containing class. However, protected members also may be used by a descendant class. So members that are likely to be needed by a descendant class should be marked protected.

Access cases

1. Cannot be accessed by object

2. By derived classes

internal

Internal are public to the entire assembly but private to any outside assemblies. Internal is useful when you don't want to allow other assemblies to have the functionality.

Access cases

In same assembly (public).

1. By objects of the class

2. By derived classes

In other assembly (internal)

1. Cannot be accessed by object

2. Cannot be accessed by derived classes

protected internal

Finally, we have the only compound access modifier allowed in .NET. Members marked as protected internal may be accessed only by a descendant class that's contained in the same assembly as its base class. You use protected internal in situations where you want to deny access to parts of a class' functionality to any descendant classes found in other applications.

Note: that it's illegal to combine two access modifiers for a class but can only be applied to the members.

Access cases

In same assembly (protected).

1. Cannot be accessed by object

2. Can be accessed by a derived classes

In other assembly (internal)

1. Cannot be accessed by object

2. Cannot be accessed by derived classes

SqlServer Reporting Services (SSRS)

SSRS 2005 is the latest version of SQL Reporting Services, and ships with all versions of SQL Server 2005. SSRS allows you to quickly and easily create reports from multiple database sources. The finished reports can be presented directly from the reporting services website, or they can be displayed in your web- or Windows-based applications. Reports can be exported to multiple formats, including comma delimited text, XML, portable document format (pdf) and Microsoft Excel.

Crystal Reports:

Formula Fields

Parameter Fields

GroupName Fields

Running Total Fields

Special Fields

Unbound Fields

What is Global. asax

Global.asax is a file used to declare application-level events and objects. Global.asax is the ASP.NET extension of the ASP Global.asa file. Code to handle application events (such as the start and end of an application) reside in Global.asax. Such event code cannot reside in the ASP.NET page or web service code itself, since during the start or end of the application, its code has not yet been loaded (or unloaded). Global.asax is also used to declare data that is available across different application requests or across different browser sessions. This process is known as application and session state management.

The Global.asax file must reside in the IIS virtual root. Remember that a virtual root can be thought of as the container of a web application. Events and state specified in the global file are then applied to all resources housed within the web application. If, for example, Global.asax defines a state application variable, all .aspx files within the virtual root will be able to access the variable.

Like an ASP.NET page, the Global.asax file is compiled upon the arrival of the first request for any resource in the application. The similarity continues when changes are made to the Global.asax file: ASP.NET automatically notices the changes, recompiles the file, and directs all new requests to the newest compilation.

Validation Controls

RequiredFieldValidator

RangeValidator

RegularExpression validator

ComapareValidator

Custom Validator

validation Summary

Differences Between Varchar and Nvarchar

Varchar means Variable-length Character string.
Nvarchar will store Unicode characters.Both will be used all most for the same purpose but with little difference.
Varchar will store the 8-bit data in database where as Nvarchar will be stored as 16-bit data in Database.
In Sql server 2005

nvarchar stores unicode data while varchar stores ascii data. They function identically but nvarchar takes up twice as much space.

An nvarchar column can store any Unicode data. A varchar column is restricted to an 8-bit codepage. Some people think that varchar should be used because it takes up less space. I believe this is not the correct answer. Codepage incompatabilities are a pain, and Unicode is the cure for codepage problems. With cheap disk and memory nowadays, there is really no reason to waste time mucking around with code pages anymore.
All modern operating systems and development platforms use Unicode internally. By using nvarchar rather than varchar, you can avoid doing encoding conversions every time you read from or write to the database. Conversions take time, and are prone to errors. And recovery from conversion errors is a non-trivial problem.
If you are interfacing with an application that uses only ASCII, I would still recommend using Unicode in the database. The OS and database collation algorithms will work better with Unicode. Unicode avoids conversion problems when interfacing with other systems. And you will be preparing for the future. And you can always validate that your data is restricted to 7-bit ASCII for whatever legacy system you're having to maintain, even while enjoying some of the benifits of full Unicode storage.

nvarchar stores data as unicode, so, if you're going to store multilingual data (more than one language) in a data column you need the N variant.