<!DOCTYPE html>
<html  lang="en" dir="ltr" prefix="content: http://purl.org/rss/1.0/modules/content/  dc: http://purl.org/dc/terms/  foaf: http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/  og: http://ogp.me/ns#  rdfs: http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#  schema: http://schema.org/  sioc: http://rdfs.org/sioc/ns#  sioct: http://rdfs.org/sioc/types#  skos: http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#  xsd: http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema# ">
  <head>
    <script>document.cookie = "__adblocker=; expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT; path=/";
var setNptTechAdblockerCookie = function(adblocker) {
  var d = new Date();
  d.setTime(d.getTime() + 60 * 5 * 1000);
  document.cookie = "__adblocker=" + (adblocker ? "true" : "false") + "; expires=" + d.toUTCString() + "; path=/";
};
var script = document.createElement("script");
script.setAttribute("async", true);
script.setAttribute("src", "//www.npttech.com/advertising.js");
script.setAttribute("onerror", "setNptTechAdblockerCookie(true);");
document.getElementsByTagName("head")[0].appendChild(script);</script>
<meta charset="utf-8" />
<script>(function() {
  'use strict';

  // Cookie TTL in minutes (sliding expiration - refreshed on each page view)
  var COOKIE_TTL_MINUTES = 15;

  // Define all marketing parameters to capture
  var marketingParams = [
    'utm_source', 'utm_medium', 'utm_campaign', 'utm_content', 'utm_term',
    'utm_id', 'utm_source_platform', 'utm_creative_format', 'utm_marketing_tactic',
    'gclid', 'gcl', 'fbclid', 'fbc', 'fbp', 'li_fat_id', 'ttdimp', 'msclkid'
  ];

  // Get a cookie value by name
  function getCookie(name) {
    var value = '; ' + document.cookie;
    var parts = value.split('; ' + name + '=');
    if (parts.length === 2) {
      return parts.pop().split(';').shift();
    }
    return null;
  }

  // Set a cookie with TTL (max-age in seconds)
  function setCookie(name, value, ttlMinutes) {
    var hostname = window.location.hostname;
    var domain = '';

    // Set domain-level cookie for .usni.org if on usni.org domain
    if (hostname.indexOf('usni.org') !== -1) {
      domain = '; domain=.usni.org';
    }

    var maxAge = ttlMinutes * 60; // Convert minutes to seconds
    document.cookie = name + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value) + domain + '; path=/; SameSite=Lax; max-age=' + maxAge;
  }

  // Get URL parameter value by name
  function getUrlParam(name) {
    var urlParams = new URLSearchParams(window.location.search);
    return urlParams.get(name);
  }

  // Push marketing parameters to dataLayer for GTM
  function pushToDataLayer(params) {
    window.dataLayer = window.dataLayer || [];
    window.dataLayer.push({
      'event': 'marketing_params_loaded',
      'marketing_params': params
    });
  }

  // Process marketing parameters
  function captureMarketingParams() {
    var collectedParams = {};

    for (var i = 0; i < marketingParams.length; i++) {
      var param = marketingParams[i];
      var urlValue = getUrlParam(param);
      var cookieValue = getCookie('marketing_' + param);

      // If parameter exists in URL, update the cookie
      if (urlValue !== null && urlValue !== '') {
        setCookie('marketing_' + param, urlValue, COOKIE_TTL_MINUTES);
        collectedParams[param] = urlValue;
      }
      // If parameter exists in cookie, refresh its TTL (sliding expiration)
      else if (cookieValue !== null && cookieValue !== '') {
        var decodedValue = decodeURIComponent(cookieValue);
        setCookie('marketing_' + param, decodedValue, COOKIE_TTL_MINUTES);
        collectedParams[param] = decodedValue;
      }
    }

    // Push collected params to dataLayer for GTM access
    if (Object.keys(collectedParams).length > 0) {
      pushToDataLayer(collectedParams);
    }
  }

  // Run immediately
  captureMarketingParams();
})();</script>
<script id="ad-entity-settings" type="application/json">{"responsive":true,"inline":false,"p13n":false}</script>
<meta name="description" content="The U.S. Naval Institute provides an independent forum for those who seek to advance and strengthen the naval profession." />
<link rel="canonical" href="https://www.usni.org/" />
<link rel="shortlink" href="https://www.usni.org/" />
<meta property="og:site_name" content="U.S. Naval Institute" />
<meta property="og:type" content="website" />
<meta property="og:title" content="United States Naval Institute" />
<meta property="og:description" content="The U.S. Naval Institute provides an independent forum for those who seek to advance and strengthen the naval profession." />
<meta property="og:image" content="https://www.usni.org/sites/default/files/Flag_ship.jpg" />
<meta name="twitter:card" content="summary" />
<meta name="twitter:title" content="United States Naval Institute" />
<meta name="twitter:site" content="@NavalInstitute" />
<meta name="twitter:description" content="The U.S. Naval Institute provides an independent forum for those who seek to advance and strengthen the naval profession." />
<meta name="twitter:creator" content="@NavalInstitute" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="D9Ewj86to4zb4ZCRoGiOQ6lvk1YVl-FL42YhjLU_Ki0" />
<meta name="google-site-verification" content="fqB9wH1I31rvVXDNmJ-S1JopE88fuBwBDNu9VkkjOc4" />
<meta name="theme-color" content="#0c1f3e" />
<meta name="MobileOptimized" content="480" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-capable" content="yes" />
<meta name="apple-mobile-web-app-status-bar-style" content="black" />
<meta name="HandheldFriendly" content="true" />
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0" />
<link rel="icon" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicon.ico" type="image/vnd.microsoft.icon" />
<script>window.a2a_config=window.a2a_config||{};a2a_config.callbacks=[];a2a_config.overlays=[];a2a_config.templates={};a2a_config.thanks = {
    postShare: false,
    ad: false
};</script>

    <title>U.S. Naval Institute | The Independent Forum of the Sea Services</title>
    <link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css__0g7VVZPuNEdkAvVlLXpSoLCaSW6pOKNWDsz9tPD2NE.css?delta=0&amp;language=en&amp;theme=usni_bootstrap&amp;include=eJxlUN1OxjAIfaHaXvk8C13ZPhwtDTDnfHqrM7roDTk_yYEDlOIC7UzwDeKi0jxkETdX6M8pg-GdrywZ-Mn8ZGrr3aloBitamDcs5KITtYLNM8u8pRsOsyimJlqB6R3DwrCmzxFH5PaHTvACb6GOREgLsaPGGbqTtNBBYR2rH5aK7h04_ipxb33PTPbAEowcDyo4AaP6OIU82GmO9aq3W6Ppp0laxgvsn6hQ8RDdLmOW2qWNRpYc8nT1eiU8LH3NWKXsjB_ai4oM" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_xxKLYgsCNWMzijSdHgQfoxJ2VseRR5uFSoQ4009rYsE.css?delta=1&amp;language=en&amp;theme=usni_bootstrap&amp;include=eJxlUN1OxjAIfaHaXvk8C13ZPhwtDTDnfHqrM7roDTk_yYEDlOIC7UzwDeKi0jxkETdX6M8pg-GdrywZ-Mn8ZGrr3aloBitamDcs5KITtYLNM8u8pRsOsyimJlqB6R3DwrCmzxFH5PaHTvACb6GOREgLsaPGGbqTtNBBYR2rH5aK7h04_ipxb33PTPbAEowcDyo4AaP6OIU82GmO9aq3W6Ppp0laxgvsn6hQ8RDdLmOW2qWNRpYc8nT1eiU8LH3NWKXsjB_ai4oM" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="//fonts.googleapis.com/css?family=Lato:300,400,700,900|Montserrat:200,300,400,700,900" />
<link rel="stylesheet" media="all" href="/sites/default/files/css/css_TqsbQJdsvvbdDRKqtIRjDz287TtSNRRs5028UA5MZhk.css?delta=3&amp;language=en&amp;theme=usni_bootstrap&amp;include=eJxlUN1OxjAIfaHaXvk8C13ZPhwtDTDnfHqrM7roDTk_yYEDlOIC7UzwDeKi0jxkETdX6M8pg-GdrywZ-Mn8ZGrr3aloBitamDcs5KITtYLNM8u8pRsOsyimJlqB6R3DwrCmzxFH5PaHTvACb6GOREgLsaPGGbqTtNBBYR2rH5aK7h04_ipxb33PTPbAEowcDyo4AaP6OIU82GmO9aq3W6Ppp0laxgvsn6hQ8RDdLmOW2qWNRpYc8nT1eiU8LH3NWKXsjB_ai4oM" />

    <script type="application/json" data-drupal-selector="drupal-settings-json">{"path":{"baseUrl":"\/","pathPrefix":"","currentPath":"node\/28","currentPathIsAdmin":false,"isFront":true,"currentLanguage":"en","currentQuery":{"feed":"rss2"}},"pluralDelimiter":"\u0003","suppressDeprecationErrors":true,"ajaxPageState":{"libraries":"eJyVVNt24yAM_CFsnvo9HAEyocbIR4hmvV9fOd1Nk_TB7gtHlxEIMQNEh1WybHZl-sgReUxEqaBAMnBPfmS8MkLcNBaFoG72vzFOTFWMJ5ImDOub9dDwyb-bw3sbCgi2J3wq5KEMTbaSa3rMLNgaJGwmzBizELtco7bkC4XZPtgmEKMNtKxUNdbG3mp2952GAbpctNxnOoT6LkLVrZwX4O0svGGgGs8UBCjFCTkIkrXQQ63IjnO6yKla6uJul3Z63Kxmx1_WJcbjNic1kQ9hOqR0fD5n76kewpoScM7aYQCOJ9Cp9tWdI4CgspIfNq7EC5T8F81UINl9GZV_84vr4B3-mC9NOBWFTbsyXvzxJ2gxi1IW7JSLjnEMsO6vbVZgSNrQpdnIfYUyfkfGXtfuS24XjKZlwauOw0FBFuV6FtO2Jrh86ev5fnZSDbYfQYYFr8Tza0JleFE16_O-JESiUyPMuxBvue-RWgH_b9j7d9Bun0IbF4q94CeRs67a","theme":"usni_bootstrap","theme_token":null},"ajaxTrustedUrl":[],"gtag":{"tagId":"","consentMode":false,"otherIds":[],"events":[],"additionalConfigInfo":[]},"gtm":{"tagId":null,"settings":{"data_layer":"dataLayer","include_environment":false},"tagIds":["GTM-NM5D4H"]},"theme_breakpoints":"[{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022screen-xs-max\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022all and (max-width: 767px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022screen-sm-min\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022all and (min-width: 768px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022screen-md-min\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022all and (min-width: 992px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]},{\u0022name\u0022:\u0022screen-lg-min\u0022,\u0022mediaQuery\u0022:\u0022all and (min-width: 1200px)\u0022,\u0022multipliers\u0022:[\u00221x\u0022,\u00222x\u0022]}]","sitewideAlert":{"refreshInterval":20000,"automaticRefresh":false,"showCount":false,"serverSideRender":false},"user":{"uid":0,"permissionsHash":"e2f8d21f8c7dece4c6158c68d73bcc92c11f4754daba0e4d4fb80a7d9d1baa2e"}}</script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupalSettingsLoader.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/base.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/common/googletag/gpt-init.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="//securepubads.g.doubleclick.net/tag/js/gpt.js" async="async"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtm.js?tm9fif"></script>

    <!-- Google AdSense verificaton -->
    <script async src="//pagead2.googlesyndication.com/pagead/js/adsbygoogle.js"></script>
    <script>
      (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({
        google_ad_client: "ca-pub-2483890369734377",
        enable_page_level_ads: true
      });
    </script>

            
    <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/apple-touch-icon.png">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="32x32" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/favicon-32x32.png">
    <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="16x16" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/favicon-16x16.png">
    <link rel="manifest" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/site.webmanifest">
    <link rel="mask-icon" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/safari-pinned-tab.svg" color="#192f5b">
    <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/favicon.ico">
    <meta name="msapplication-TileColor" content="#192f5b">
    <meta name="msapplication-config" content="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/favicons/browserconfig.xml">
    <meta name="theme-color" content="#ffffff">
  </head>
  <body class="page-route-entity-node-canonical path-frontpage page-node-type-front-page has-glyphicons">

    
  <a href="#main-content" class="visually-hidden focusable skip-link">
      Skip to main content
    </a>
    <noscript><iframe src="https://www.googletagmanager.com/ns.html?id=GTM-NM5D4H"
                  height="0" width="0" style="display:none;visibility:hidden"></iframe></noscript>
<div data-sitewide-alert aria-live="polite"></div>

      <div class="dialog-off-canvas-main-canvas d-flex flex-column h-100" data-off-canvas-main-canvas>
    
<div class='content-wrapper-for-sticky-footer'>
        <header  class='header'>
  <a href="/">
    <img class='header-logo header-logo-xs d-sm-none' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_text_white.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
    <img class='header-logo header-logo-sm d-none d-sm-block d-lg-none' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_minimized.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
    <img class='header-logo d-none d-lg-block' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_full.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
  </a>
  <nav class='right-side-nav'>
    <a href='/foundation' class='right-side-nav-donate'><span>Donate</span></a>
    <ul class='nav navbar-nav'>
      <li>  <div class="region region-cart-button">
    <div id="block-usnicartbutton" class="block block-usni-cart-button">
  
    
      <a href='/cart' class='right-side-nav-cart'><span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Cart</span></a>

  </div>

  </div>
</li>
      <li>
        <a href='/user/login?destination=/' class='right-side-nav-join'>
          <span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Join or Log In</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      <li><a href='/search' class='right-side-nav-search'><span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Search</span></a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
  <button class='header-menu-collapse btn btn-secondary d-md-none collapsed' data-bs-toggle='collapse' data-bs-target='#main-menu-collapse'>
    <span>Collapse</span>
  </button>
        <div class="region region-menu">
    <nav role="navigation" id="main-nav" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-menu" id="block-mainnavigation" class="main-nav">
              <span class="sr-only" id="block-mainnavigation-menu">Main navigation</span>

      
    <div class='main-nav-collapse-wrapper'>
                  <ul data-block="menu" block="block-mainnavigation" class="menu nav navbar-nav main-menu collapse"  data-block="menu" block="block-mainnavigation" class="menu nav navbar-nav main-menu collapse" id="main-menu-collapse">
                                      <li>
          <a href="/about-us/mission-and-vision" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">About Us</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/join" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65777">Membership</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/press/books" data-drupal-link-system-path="press/books">Books &amp; Press</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="https://news.usni.org/">USNI News</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/magazines/proceedings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">Proceedings</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/magazines/naval-history-magazine" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Naval History</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/archives/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52">Archives</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73">Events</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/donate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54">Donate</a>
                        </li>
            </ul>
      </div>



  </nav>

  </div>

  </header>
  
      <header id='sticky-header' class='header'>
  <a href="/">
    <img class='header-logo header-logo-xs d-sm-none' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_text_white.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
    <img class='header-logo header-logo-sm d-none d-sm-block d-lg-none' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_minimized.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
    <img class='header-logo d-none d-lg-block' src='/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/dist/images/usni_logo_full.svg' alt='USNI Logo'>
  </a>
  <nav class='right-side-nav'>
    <a href='/foundation' class='right-side-nav-donate'><span>Donate</span></a>
    <ul class='nav navbar-nav'>
      <li>  <div class="region region-cart-button">
    <div id="block-usnicartbutton" class="block block-usni-cart-button">
  
    
      <a href='/cart' class='right-side-nav-cart'><span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Cart</span></a>

  </div>

  </div>
</li>
      <li>
        <a href='/user/login?destination=/' class='right-side-nav-join'>
          <span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Join or Log In</span>
        </a>
      </li>
      <li><a href='/search' class='right-side-nav-search'><span class='right-side-nav-label hide-for-sticky-header'>Search</span></a></li>
    </ul>
  </nav>
  <button class='header-menu-collapse btn btn-secondary d-md-none collapsed' data-bs-toggle='collapse' data-bs-target='#main-menu-sticky-collapse'>
    <span>Collapse</span>
  </button>
        <div class="region region-sticky-header">
    <nav role="navigation" id="main-nav-sticky" aria-labelledby="block-mainnavigation-sticky-menu" id="block-mainnavigation-sticky" class="main-nav">
            <h2 class="sr-only" id="block-mainnavigation-sticky-menu">Main navigation (Sticky)</h2>

      
    <div class='main-nav-sticky-collapse-wrapper'>
                  <ul data-block="sticky_header" block="block-mainnavigation-sticky" class="menu nav navbar-nav collapse"  data-block="sticky_header" block="block-mainnavigation-sticky" class="menu nav navbar-nav collapse" id="main-menu-sticky-collapse">
                                      <li>
          <a href="/about-us/mission-and-vision" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">About Us</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/join" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/65777">Membership</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/press/books" data-drupal-link-system-path="press/books">Books &amp; Press</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="https://news.usni.org/">USNI News</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/magazines/proceedings" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/1">Proceedings</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/magazines/naval-history-magazine" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/74">Naval History</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/archives/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52">Archives</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73">Events</a>
                        </li>
                                <li>
          <a href="/donate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54">Donate</a>
                        </li>
            </ul>
      </div>



  </nav>

  </div>

  </header>
  
              <div class='hero-content '>
        <div class='hero-background-pattern'></div>
          <div class="region region-hero">
    <div id="block-bannerimage" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-banner-image">
  
    
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-banner-image field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item">
                                  <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--banner-image paragraph--view-mode--default">
            
              
    
        <div class='call-to-action-banner call-to-action-banner-right ' style='background-image: url(/sites/default/files/USNI-9-26-Hero%205.jpg)'>
  <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
  <div class="cta-banner-wrapper">
    
    <div class='hero-body'>
      <h1 class="white-header"> Welcome to the U.S. Naval Institute</h1>

              <h2>The home of influential debate since 1873</h2>
                          <p>The U.S. Naval Institute provides an independent forum for those who seek to advance and strengthen the naval profession.</p>
                    

            <div class="field field--name-field-buttons field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--items">
                  <div class="field--item">
                                              
                    
                  <a href="/about-us/mission-and-vision" class="btn btn-primary">Learn More</a>

    


                      </div>
              </div>
      
        </div>
  </div>
</div>

  
      </div>

                  </div>
            
  </div>

  </div>

      </div>
      
          <div class="region region-sidekick">
    <div id="block-sidekicks" class="block block-ctools-block block-entity-fieldnodefield-sidekicks">
  
    
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-sidekicks field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item">
                                
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sidekick-group-call-to-actions paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
      
      <div class="container">
    <div class="row sidekick-card--row">
              <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
          
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sidekick-call-to-action-item paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='sidekick-card'>
  <h2>Dare to read, think, speak, and write</h2>
  <p></p>
          
                    
                  <a href="/magazines/proceedings" class="btn btn-secondary">Proceedings Magazine</a>

    


</div>


  </div>

        </div>
              <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
          
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sidekick-call-to-action-item paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='sidekick-card'>
  <h2>Keeping naval history relevant</h2>
  <p></p>
          
                    
                  <a href="/magazines/naval-history-magazine" class="btn btn-secondary">Naval History</a>

    


</div>


  </div>

        </div>
              <div class="col-sm-12 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
          
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--sidekick-call-to-action-item paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='sidekick-card'>
  <h2>Membership advances the naval profession</h2>
  <p></p>
          
                    
                  <a href="/node/36" class="btn btn-secondary">Become a Member</a>

    


</div>


  </div>

        </div>
          </div>
  </div>

  </div>

                  </div>
            
  </div>

  </div>

  
    <div class='sub-menu-wrapper'>
    <div class='container'>
                <div class="region region-sub-menu">
    
  </div>

          </div>
  </div>

          <div class="region region-help">
    <div data-drupal-messages-fallback class="hidden"></div>

  </div>

  
  <main role="main" class="main-container">
              
    
    <div class="main-content-and-sidebar--wrapper container">
      <div class="row">
                                  
                          <div class="col-12">
              <div class="region region-main-content">
    <div id="block-usni-bootstrap-content" class="block block-system block-system-main-block">
  
    
      
<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
    <div class="col-12">
      <article about="/" class="front-page full clearfix">

        
                

        
        <div class="content">
          

            <div class="field field--name-field-featurette-primary field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--items">
                  <div class="field--item">
                                      
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--content-collection paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
        <div class="container content-collection--container">
                        <div class="flex-row1">
                      <div class="field--item">
                 <article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/fewer-boomers-fewer-tubes-more-adversaries" class="periodical-proceedings" >
          
    
    

      <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/fewer-boomers-fewer-tubes-more-adversaries" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
              <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=BacQmPy5 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=jOTeHLgj 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=BacQmPy5 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=jOTeHLgj 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=BacQmPy5 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=jOTeHLgj 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Howard-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=BacQmPy5" alt="An unarmed Trident II D5 launches from an Ohio-class ballistic-missile submarine. The Navy’s sea-based strategic deterrence mission could be less of a deterrent to other nuclear-armed powers with the net loss in tubes and missiles that will occur when the ballistic-missile submarine force transitions to the new Columbia class." typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon with-letter-icon">
                <span class="ribbon--letter-icon letter-icon">P</span>
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      Featured Article      <span class="icon-lock"></span>  </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/fewer-boomers-fewer-tubes-more-adversaries"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Fewer Boomers. Fewer Tubes.  More Adversaries.</span>
</a></h2>
          <div class="teaser-author">By Lieutenant Commander Andrea Howard, U.S. Navy</div>
              <div class="teaser-date">October 2026</div>
    
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          The Navy faces a strategic submarine-capacity gap as China expands, requiring more SSBN tubes, industrial capacity, maintenance, and allied support.


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


    
  </article>

            </div>
                      <div class="field--item">
                 <article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/what-dolphins-mean" class="periodical-proceedings" >
          
    
    

      <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/what-dolphins-mean" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
              <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=9B4wQOjl 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=an0oiBcS 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=9B4wQOjl 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=an0oiBcS 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=9B4wQOjl 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=an0oiBcS 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Holwitt-PRO-10-26-Hero.jpg?itok=9B4wQOjl" alt=" The USS Crevalle (SS-291) underway in the Atlantic, c. 1952" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon with-letter-icon">
                <span class="ribbon--letter-icon letter-icon">P</span>
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      Featured Article      <span class="icon-lock"></span>  </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/what-dolphins-mean"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">What the Dolphins Mean</span>
</a></h2>
          <div class="teaser-author">By Captain Joel I. Holwitt, U.S. Navy </div>
              <div class="teaser-date">October 2026</div>
    
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          The World War II story of the USS Crevalle and her heroic crew epitomizes the submariner legacy of courage, selflessness, and hard-won expertise.


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


    
  </article>

            </div>
                  </div>
                    <div class="flex-row2">
                      <div class="field--item">
                <article about="/RegionInTransition" class="periodical-naval_history" >
          
    
    

      <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/RegionInTransition" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
              <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=Qo4Ehq43 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=sA41drbr 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=Qo4Ehq43 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=sA41drbr 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=Qo4Ehq43 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=sA41drbr 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Melton-NH-9-26-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=Qo4Ehq43" alt="An aerial view of present-day Kharg Island, Iran’s primary export hub for crude oil both today and when the William R. Rush paid a visit in 1972." typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon with-letter-icon">
                <span class="ribbon--letter-icon letter-icon">NH</span>
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      Featured Article      <span class="icon-lock"></span>  </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/RegionInTransition"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Cruising a Region in Transition</span>
</a></h2>
          <div class="teaser-author">By Joseph Melton</div>
              <div class="teaser-date">October 2026</div>
    
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          In 1972, the USS William R. Rush transited the Strait of Hormuz and made a most interesting port call at a place called Kharg Island.


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


    
  </article>

            </div>
                      <div class="field--item">
              <article about="/shipbuilding-and-ship-repair" typeof="schema:WebPage" >
          
    
      <span property="schema:name" content="Shipbuilding and Ship Repair" class="hidden"></span>


        <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/shipbuilding-and-ship-repair" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
                <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--banner-image paragraph--view-mode--teaser-card-image">
          

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=s3rfE17- 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=43lW8DdO 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=s3rfE17- 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=43lW8DdO 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=s3rfE17- 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=43lW8DdO 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Dur-PRO-Feb-25-1%20Hero_0.jpg?itok=s3rfE17-" alt="Shipyard" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

                  </div>
            
      </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon ">
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      U.S. Naval Institute        </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/shipbuilding-and-ship-repair"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Shipbuilding and Ship Repair</span>
</a></h2>
        
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          Last summer, as the American Sea Power Project was wrapping up, we realized that perhaps more urgent than the need for a new naval strategy ...


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


  </article>

            </div>
                      <div class="field--item">
              <article about="/american-sea-power-project" typeof="schema:WebPage" >
          
    
      <span property="schema:name" content="The American Sea Power Project" class="hidden"></span>


        <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/american-sea-power-project" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
                <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--banner-image paragraph--view-mode--teaser-card-image">
          

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=cGx2ot6g 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=vp_Fpa1E 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/png" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=cGx2ot6g 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=vp_Fpa1E 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/png" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=cGx2ot6g 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=vp_Fpa1E 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/png" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/SNA%20Banner.png?itok=cGx2ot6g" alt="SNA 2021 Banner" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

                  </div>
            
      </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon ">
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      U.S. Naval Institute        </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/american-sea-power-project"><span property="schema:name" class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">The American Sea Power Project</span>
</a></h2>
        
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          The American Sea Power Project hopes to inform strategy, planning, and procurement within the Sea Services and the government and build public support for the ...


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


  </article>

            </div>
                  </div>
            </div>

  </div>

                      </div>
                  <div class="field--item">
                                        <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--ad-display paragraph--view-mode--default">
          

                    <div class="field field--name-field-ad-display field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                  <div id="ad-entity-A2KzDe71Gd4" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_top_xs" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-xs-max"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-HkeItiv3E7k" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-top" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[320,50],[320,100],[234,60],[120,240]]'></div>
</div>
  <div id="ad-entity-_TdD1DQP754" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_top_sm" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-sm-min"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-BFJ69qlKbdw" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-top" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[728,90],[468,60],[234,60],[120,240]]'></div>
</div>
  <div id="ad-entity-tbAykVduMRo" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_top_md" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-md-min", "screen-lg-min"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-nMlqVVMq2b0" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-top" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[728,90],[468,60],[234,60],[120,240],[970,90]]'></div>
</div>

                  </div>
            
      </div>

                      </div>
                  <div class="field--item">
                                        <div class="paragraph paragraph--type--view paragraph--view-mode--default">
            <div class="container">
    <h4 class="section-header">From Our Publications</h4>
  </div>


                    <div class="field field--name-field-view-display field--type-viewsreference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <div class="views-element-container"><div class="view view-from-our-publications view-id-from_our_publications view-display-id-embed_1 js-view-dom-id-4b9f436c01020634bb0ad1cee894805fb40cb0dfde92a3faab5218c36d1db0e9 container">
  
    
      
      <div class="view-content">
      

<div class="container">
  <div class="row">
                <div class="views-row col-sm-12 col-lg-6">
        <h3>Proceedings</h3><div class="node node--type-periodical node--view-mode-from-our-publications ds-1col clearfix">

  

  

                    <div class="field field--name-field-article-listing field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item">
                                
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--article-listing paragraph--view-mode--from-our-publications">
          
    
    

    
          <ul class="list-group">
                        <li class="list-group-item">  <article about="/BoydAndTheMachine" class="periodical-proceedings" >
          
    
    

      <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/BoydAndTheMachine" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
              <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=doekNcKB 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=kpC-r3Wt 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=doekNcKB 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=kpC-r3Wt 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=doekNcKB 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=kpC-r3Wt 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Chase-PRO-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=doekNcKB" alt="testing AI" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon ">
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      Featured Article        </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/BoydAndTheMachine"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Boyd and the Machine: Teach Warfighters to Master AI</span>
</a></h2>
          <div class="teaser-author">By Julie Chase</div>
              <div class="teaser-date">October 2026</div>
    
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          Artificial intelligence does not kill critical thinking; it exposes the absence of it. The author sketches a "Context Block" guide ...


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


    
  </article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/undersea-warfare-takes-integrated-approach" class="periodical-proceedings periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/undersea-warfare-takes-integrated-approach" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Undersea Warfare Takes an Integrated Approach</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                0
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                proceedings_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65744 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/ceo-notes" class="periodical-proceedings periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/ceo-notes" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">CEO Notes</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                0
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                proceedings_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65746 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/submarines-navy" class="periodical-proceedings periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/submarines-navy" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Submarines of the Navy</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                0
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                proceedings_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65748 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/how-lose-thermonuclear-war" class="periodical-proceedings periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/how-lose-thermonuclear-war" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">How to Lose a Thermonuclear War</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                0
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                proceedings_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65723 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/why-south-korea-wants-ssn" class="periodical-proceedings periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/2026/october/why-south-korea-wants-ssn" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Why South Korea Wants an SSN</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                0
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                proceedings_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65728 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                                                                                      </ul>
  
  </div>

                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-node-link field--type-ds field--label-hidden field--item">
                                  <a href="/magazines/proceedings" hreflang="en">READ THE LATEST ISSUE</a>

                  </div>
            

</div>

</div>
                <div class="views-row col-sm-12 col-lg-6">
        <h3>Naval History</h3><div class="node node--type-periodical node--view-mode-from-our-publications ds-1col clearfix">

  

  

                    <div class="field field--name-field-article-listing field--type-entity-reference-revisions field--label-hidden field--item">
                                
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--article-listing paragraph--view-mode--from-our-publications">
          
    
    

    
          <ul class="list-group">
                        <li class="list-group-item">  <article about="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/remembering-my-sea-daddies-hoser-joe-satrapa" class="periodical-naval_history" >
          
    
    

      <div class='teaser-card'>
  <a href="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/remembering-my-sea-daddies-hoser-joe-satrapa" class="block-link">
    <div class="image-wrapper">
              <div class="media media--type-image media--view-mode-teaser">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                    <picture>
                  <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=Ui1I8xZw 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=_vBfwRDG 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 992px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 992px) 33vw, (min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=Ui1I8xZw 550w, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=_vBfwRDG 1100w" media="all and (min-width: 768px)" type="image/jpeg" sizes="(min-width: 768px) 50vw, 100vw" width="550" height="330"/>
              <source srcset="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=Ui1I8xZw 1x, /sites/default/files/styles/teaser_1100/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=_vBfwRDG 2x" media="all and (max-width: 767px)" type="image/jpeg" width="550" height="330"/>
                  <img loading="eager" width="550" height="330" src="/sites/default/files/styles/teaser/public/Lehman-NH-9-26-Hero.jpg?itok=Ui1I8xZw" alt="&quot;Hoser&quot; Satrapa" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />

  </picture>


                  </div>
            
  </div>

            <div class='dark-overlay'></div>
        <aside class="ribbon ">
        <span class="ribbon--label">
      Featured Article        </span>
  </aside>

    </div>

  </a>

  <div class="teaser-body">
    <h2><a href="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/remembering-my-sea-daddies-hoser-joe-satrapa"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Remembering My Sea Daddies: &#039;Hoser&#039; Joe Satrapa</span>
</a></h2>
          <div class="teaser-author">By the Honorable John F. Lehman Jr., U.S. Secretary of the Navy (Retired)</div>
              <div class="teaser-date">October 2026</div>
    
          <div class="teaser-paragraph">
          The only thing Hoser wanted was to be the best fighter pilot—and to teach others how to do it.


      </div>
          </div>
</div>


    
  </article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/why-herbert-richmond-championed-study-history" class="periodical-naval_history periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/why-herbert-richmond-championed-study-history" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Why Herbert Richmond Championed the Study of History </span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                1
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                naval_history_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65710 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/the-proceedings-podcast/911-marine-helicopter-missions-few-remember" class="podcast-episode from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/the-proceedings-podcast/911-marine-helicopter-missions-few-remember" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">9/11: The Marine Helicopter Missions Few Remember</span>
</a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <p>On September 11, 2001, as smoke rose from the Pentagon, U.S. Marine Corps Major Daniel P. Creighton and the Marines of HMX-1 were called into action.</p><p>Twenty-five years later, Creighton, now a retired lieutenant colonel, shares his firsthand account of flying a CH-53E Super Stallion into the Washington airspace with Emily Abdow, host of the Naval History podcast. He also reflects on HMX-1’s extraordinary response that day, including the Marine One mission that returned President George W. Bush safely to the White House.</p><p>In this special 25th-anniversary conversation, the U.S. Naval Institute remembers those lost on 9/11 and preserves the stories of the Marines who answered the call during one of the darkest days in American history.</p>
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-episode-audio field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <div class="media media--type-soundcloud media--view-mode-default">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-media-soundcloud field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <iframe width="100%" height="166" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/2398876308&amp;visual=&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=true&amp;show_comments=false&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;color=%23002b5c" title="9/11: The Marine Helicopter Missions Few Remember"></iframe>

                  </div>
            
  </div>

                  </div>
            

      <div class="field field--name-field-podcast-episode-number field--type-integer field--label-above">
      <div class="field--label">Episode Number</div>
                    <div class="field--item">
                                513
                  </div>
                </div>
  
  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/proceedings/the-proceedings-podcast/making-mayday-cold-war-history-meets-hollywood" class="podcast-episode from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/proceedings/the-proceedings-podcast/making-mayday-cold-war-history-meets-hollywood" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Making Mayday: Cold War History Meets Hollywood</span>
</a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="clearfix text-formatted field field--name-body field--type-text-with-summary field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <p>Go behind the scenes of Mayday with writer-director-producer duo John Francis Daley and Jonathan Goldstein. They join Naval History podcast host Emily Abdow to discuss the Cold War history behind the film, the inspiration for its story, and how they transformed one of history’s most dangerous eras into a Hollywood adventure comedy.</p><p>Mayday is now streaming on Apple TV.</p>
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-episode-audio field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <div class="media media--type-soundcloud media--view-mode-default">
  
      

                    <div class="field field--name-field-media-soundcloud field--type-string field--label-hidden field--item">
                                <iframe width="100%" height="166" scrolling="no" frameborder="no" src="https://w.soundcloud.com/player/?url=https%3A//api.soundcloud.com/tracks/2398275507&amp;visual=&amp;auto_play=false&amp;hide_related=true&amp;show_comments=false&amp;show_user=true&amp;show_reposts=false&amp;color=%23002b5c" title="Making Mayday: Cold War History Meets Hollywood"></iframe>

                  </div>
            
  </div>

                  </div>
            

      <div class="field field--name-field-podcast-episode-number field--type-integer field--label-above">
      <div class="field--label">Episode Number</div>
                    <div class="field--item">
                                512
                  </div>
                </div>
  
  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/MakingMayday" class="periodical-naval_history periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/MakingMayday" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">&#039;We Did the Homework&#039;—&#039;Mayday&#039; Writer-Directors on Recreating the SR-71 Blackbird and Filming Dogfights for Their Cold War Action Comedy </span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                1
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                naval_history_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65701 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                <li class="list-group-item"><article about="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/declassified-part-two-how-first-americans-entered-japan-after" class="periodical-naval_history periodical-article from-our-publications clearfix">

  
      <h2>
      <a href="/magazines/naval-history/2026/october/declassified-part-two-how-first-americans-entered-japan-after" rel="bookmark"><span class="field field--name-title field--type-string field--label-hidden">Declassified [Part Two]: How the First Americans Entered Japan After WWII</span>
<span class="icon-lock"></span></a>
    </h2>
    

  
  <div class="content">
    

                    <div class="field field--name-field-online-only field--type-boolean field--label-hidden field--item">
                                1
                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-field-paywall-access field--type-entity-reference field--label-hidden field--item">
                                naval_history_subscriber
                  </div>
            

    

<div class="flag flag-bookmark js-flag-bookmark-65699 action-flag">
    <span></span>
  </div>

  </div>

</article>
</li>
                                                                                        </ul>
  
  </div>

                  </div>
            

                    <div class="field field--name-node-link field--type-ds field--label-hidden field--item">
                                  <a href="/magazines/naval-history-magazine" hreflang="en">READ THE LATEST ISSUE</a>

                  </div>
            

</div>

</div>
      </div>
</div>
    </div>
  
          </div>
</div>

                  </div>
            
      </div>

                      </div>
                  <div class="field--item">
                                      
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--callout-collection paragraph--view-mode--default">
          
    
    

    
        <div class="container">
    <h4 class="section-header">How Can I Help the Institute?</h4>
  </div>


    <div class="container callout-collection--container">
                        <div class="row">
                                    <div class="callout-collection--column col-12 col-md-6">
                 
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--callout-block paragraph--view-mode--callout-block-dark-blue">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='callout-block callout-block-dark-blue'>
  <div class='callout-wrapper'>
    <h3>Become a Member</h3>
    <h4>Join for as low as $45</h4>
    <p><p>Membership puts you in the forum to learn, network, and share your voice.</p></p>
            
                    
                  <a href="/join" class="btn btn-primary">Join Now</a>

    


  </div>
</div>


  </div>

              </div>
                          <div class="callout-collection--column col-12 col-md-6">
                 
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--callout-block paragraph--view-mode--callout-block-dark-blue">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='callout-block callout-block-dark-blue'>
  <div class='callout-wrapper'>
    <h3>Donate Today</h3>
    <h4>Invest in the U.S. Naval Institute</h4>
    <p><p>Donations build our programs for the future.</p></p>
            
                    
                  <a href="/donate" class="btn btn-primary">Donate Now</a>

    


  </div>
</div>


  </div>

              </div>
                    </div>
              <div class="row">
                                    <div class="callout-collection--column col-12 col-md-6">
                 
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--callout-block paragraph--view-mode--callout-block-grey">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='callout-block callout-block-grey'>
  <div class='callout-wrapper'>
    <h3>Advertise </h3>
    <h4></h4>
    <p><h4>Your one-stop for reaching the Sea Service’s influencers and most important players</h4>

<p>If you are trying to reach the decision-makers in&nbsp;the U.S. Navy, Coast Guard, and Marine Corps no one comes close to the U.S. Naval Institute.&nbsp; Today our reach extends further than ever before as we have expanded into daily content for our influential readership.</p></p>
            
                    
                  <a href="/advertise-us" class="btn btn-secondary">Learn More</a>

    


  </div>
</div>


  </div>

              </div>
                          <div class="callout-collection--column col-12 col-md-6">
                 
<div class="paragraph paragraph--type--callout-block paragraph--view-mode--callout-block-grey">
          
    
    

    
      <div class='callout-block callout-block-grey'>
  <div class='callout-wrapper'>
    <h3>Wear Our Brand</h3>
    <h4>Show your pride in the U.S. Naval Institute and support our mission.</h4>
    <p><figure role="group" class="image_resized align-center">
<a href="https://www.usni.org/us-naval-institutes-ships-store"><div class="embedded-media media-embed-resized" style="width:255px;" data-view-mode="cke_media_resize_medium">
  
  

                    <div class="field field--name-field-image field--type-image field--label-hidden field--item">
                                  <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/Tote_transparent_0.png" width="382" height="382" alt="Beige tote with Read Think Speak Write U.S. Naval Institute logo usni.org in blue" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid">


                  </div>
            
    <div class="embed-credit"></div>
  </div>
</a>
<figcaption>U.S. Naval Institute Tote Bag</figcaption>
</figure>
</p>
            
                    
                  <a href="https://www.usni.org/us-naval-institutes-ships-store" class="btn btn-secondary">Browse Our Ship&#039;s Store</a>

    


  </div>
</div>


  </div>

              </div>
                    </div>
            </div>

  </div>

                      </div>
              </div>
      
        </div>

      </article>
    </div>
  </div>
</div>

  </div>

  </div>

          </div>
        
                      </div>
    </div>

              
              
    
                <div class="region region-ad-bottom container">
    <div id="block-usnifrontpagefooter" class="block block-ad-entity block-ad-displayusni-front-page-footer">
  
    
        <div id="ad-entity-g850WSCtnec" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_footer_xs" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-xs-max"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-pKCsezYMX-I" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-footer" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[300,600],[320,50],[320,100],[234,60],[120,600],[120,240],[160,600]]'></div>
</div>
  <div id="ad-entity-OPldTFVG19s" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_footer_sm" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-sm-min"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-pR321T9GMbw" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-footer" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[728,90],[300,600],[468,60],[234,60],[120,600],[120,240],[160,600],[300,1050]]'></div>
</div>
  <div id="ad-entity-7_3GVL2hBtU" class="ad-entity-container not-initialized" data-ad-entity="usni_front_page_footer_md" data-ad-entity-type="dfp" data-ad-entity-view="dfp_default" data-ad-entity-variant='["screen-md-min", "screen-lg-min"]' data-ad-entity-targeting='{"entitytype":"node\/front_page","entitylabel":"United States Naval Institute","entityuuid":"65de0d32-6faf-438a-a67e-660792d989fc"}'><div id="google-dfp-bOhisrOun44" class="google-dfp-ad dfp-default-view" data-dfp-network="21810829768" data-dfp-unit="usni-front_page-footer" data-dfp-out-of-page="false" data-dfp-sizes='[[300,100],[300,250],[336,280],[728,90],[300,600],[468,60],[234,60],[120,600],[120,240],[160,600],[300,1050],[970,90]]'></div>
</div>

  </div>

  </div>

      </main>
</div>

    <div class="region region-footer-top">
    <div class='container'>
      <div class='row'>
        <div class='col-12'>
          <h3>Quicklinks</h3>
        </div>
        <nav role="navigation" aria-labelledby="block-usni-bootstrap-footer-menu" id="block-usni-bootstrap-footer" class="col-md-6 col-lg-8">
            
  <h2 class="visually-hidden" id="block-usni-bootstrap-footer-menu">Footer menu</h2>
  

        
      <ul data-block="footer_top" block="block-usni-bootstrap-footer" class="menu menu--footer nav">
                        <li>
        <a href="/about-us/mission-and-vision" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/30">About the Naval Institute</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/press/books" data-drupal-link-system-path="press/books">Books &amp; Press</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/naval-history-magazine">Naval History</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="https://news.usni.org">USNI News</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/proceedings-magazine">Proceedings</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/press/oral-histories" data-drupal-link-system-path="press/oral-histories">Oral Histories</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/events" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/73">Events</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/donate" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/54">Naval Institute Foundation</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="https://photos.usni.org/">Photos &amp; Historical Prints</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="https://www.usni.org/advertise-us" title="Advertise With Us">Advertise With Us</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="/archives/about" data-drupal-link-system-path="node/52">Naval Institute Archives</a>
                  </li>
                        <li>
        <a href="https://www.usni.org/us-naval-institutes-ships-store">Shop Our Ship&#039;s Store</a>
                  </li>
        </ul>
  

  </nav>
<section id="block-footernewslettersignup" class="block block-block-content block-block-contentf878ff6c-d9dd-40f7-815f-a4b8747c0f39 clearfix pe-3 col-md-6 col-lg-4">
    
  
  


    <div class='signup-block'>
  <h4 class="signup-block--header">Receive the Newsletter</h4>
  <div class="signup-block--content"><p>Sign up to get updates about new releases and event invitations.</p></div>
  <div class="signup-block--primary-links"><a href="/email-signup">Sign Up Now</a></div>
  <div class='signup-block--links'><a href="https://mailchi.mp/usni/happy-birthday-naval-institute">Example Newsletter</a><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a></div>
</div>

  </section>


      </div>
    </div>
  </div>


    <footer class="footer region region--footer">
    <div id="block-usni-bootstrap-usnifooterbranding" class="block block-block-content block-block-content91f71c7e-bff3-4bb8-b70f-0607267ecd13">
  
    
          
        <div class="container">
    <div class="row">
        <div class="col-md-8">
          <div class="footer-image">            
            <div class="image-pattern">
    <img loading="lazy" src="/sites/default/files/logo-white.png" width="1017" height="285" alt="USNI Logo White" typeof="foaf:Image" class="img-fluid" />


  </div>


</div>
          <div class="footer-middle-section">
            <span class="footer-copyright">Copyright © 2026 U.S. Naval Institute</span>
            <span class="footer-links"><a href="/privacy-policy">Privacy Policy</a><a href="/terms-use">Terms of Use</a><a href="/contact-us">Contact Us</a><a href="/advertise-us">Advertise With Us</a><a href="/faq">FAQ</a><a href="/content-license">Content License</a><a href="/media-inquiries">Media Inquiries</a></span>
          </div>
        </div>
        <div class="col-md-4">
          <div class="footer-links">
            
          </div>
        </div>
    </div>
</div>


</div>

  </footer>


  </div>

    <script>(function(src){var a=document.createElement("script");a.type="text/javascript";a.async=true;a.src=src;var b=document.getElementsByTagName("script")[0];b.parentNode.insertBefore(a,b)})("https:\/\/experience.piano.io\/xbuilder\/experience\/load?aid=R3X6V4aopu");</script>

    <script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery/jquery.min.js?v=4.0.0"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/once/once.min.js?v=1.0.1"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/drupal.init.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/version-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/data-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/disable-selection-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/jquery-patch-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/scroll-parent-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/unique-id-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/focusable-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/keycode-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/plugin-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widget-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/labels-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/controlgroup-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/form-reset-mixin-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/mouse-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/checkboxradio-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/draggable-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/resizable-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/button-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/jquery.ui/ui/widgets/dialog-min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/themes/contrib/bootstrap5/dist/bootstrap/5.3.8/dist/js/bootstrap.bundle.js?v=5.3.8"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/tabbable/index.umd.min.js?v=6.3.0"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/tua-body-scroll-lock/tua-bsl.umd.min.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/helpers.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/theme_breakpoints_js/js/breakpointsLoader.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/view.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/modules/ad_entity_dfp/js/default.view.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/context.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/turnoff.context.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/targeting.context.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/ad_entity/js/viewready.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="https://static.addtoany.com/menu/page.js" defer></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/addtoany/js/addtoany.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/progress.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/assets/vendor/loadjs/loadjs.min.js?v=4.3.0"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/debounce.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/announce.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/message.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/ajax.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/displace.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/position.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog-deprecation.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.position.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.jquery-ui.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/modules/ckeditor5/js/ckeditor5.dialog.fix.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/core/misc/dialog/dialog.ajax.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/flag/js/flag-action_link_flash.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/google_tag/js/gtag.ajax.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="/modules/contrib/sitewide_alert/js/init.js?v=11.4.7"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/js/custom-js.js?tm9fif"></script>
<script src="https://js.adsrvr.org/up_loader.1.1.0.js"></script>
<script src="/themes/custom/usni_bootstrap/js/ttd-tracking.js?v=1.1.0" type="text/plain" data-categories="advertising"></script>

  <script>(function(){function c(){var b=a.contentDocument||(a.contentWindow&&a.contentWindow.document);if(b){var d=b.createElement('script');d.innerHTML="window.__CF$cv$params={r:'a450d3dde84e8a18',t:'MTc5MTA4MTY4Ng=='};var a=document.createElement('script');a.src='/cdn-cgi/challenge-platform/scripts/jsd/main.js';document.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(a);";b.getElementsByTagName('head')[0].appendChild(d)}}if(document.body){var a=document.createElement('iframe');a.height=1;a.width=1;a.style.position='absolute';a.style.top=0;a.style.left=0;a.style.border='none';a.style.visibility='hidden';document.body.appendChild(a);if('loading'!==document.readyState)c();else if(window.addEventListener)document.addEventListener('DOMContentLoaded',c);else{var e=document.onreadystatechange||function(){};document.onreadystatechange=function(b){e(b);'loading'!==document.readyState&&(document.onreadystatechange=e,c())}}}})();</script></body>
</html>
