Veterinary Canine Conditions

Veterinary information on Canine Bloat

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Fri, 08 Oct 2010 19:38:00 +0000

CANINE BLOAT

CANINE BLOAT (Gastric Dilation-Volvulus) is a digestive problem caused by the excessive swallowing of air while eating, gastrointestinal secretions, and gas from fermentation of food in the stomach. This is a LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY primarily found in large or giant, deep-chested dog breeds, but it also has been reported in smaller breeds such as the Dachshund and Basset Hound.

There are still many unanswered questions about this problem and a lot of research is currently investigating the problem.

The following recommendations are currently recommended:

1. Feed large dogs two or three times daily, rather than once a day, and at times when someone can observe after-feeding behavior.

2. Be alert for any actions from the dog that signal abdominal discomfort. These include: evidence of abdominal fullness after meals, whining, pacing, getting up and lying down, stretching, looking at the abdomen, anxiety, and unproductive attempts to vomit. Animals showing these signs should be examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

3. Establish a good working relationship with a veterinary hospital that offers 24 hour emergency service.

4. Make sure water is available to dogs at all times, but limit the amount immediately after feeding if the dog appears to over-consume.

5. Avoid vigorous exercise, excitement, and stress one hour before and two hours after meals. Walking is permissible as it may help to stimulate normal gastrointestinal function.

6. Diet changes should be made gradually over a period of 3 - 5 days.

7. Feed susceptible dogs individually and, if possible, in a quiet location.

8. Pay special attention to these procedures after animals return home from being elsewhere.

9. Dogs that have survived bloat are at increased risk for future episodes. Be sure to discuss preventive surgery or medical management with the veterinarian.

CANINE BLOAT

Bloat is a condition affecting primarily the large breed dogs in which the stomach simply fills with air. Most common breeds are Great Danes, Irish Setters, German Shepherds, Afghans, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks. This condition may progress to include “volvulus” which means the stomach has twisted on its longitudinal axis. Both of these conditions are emergency conditions!

CAUSES of this condition are really not understood. One theory is that if the dog ate a large amount of dry food followed by ingestion of large amounts of water, the dry food then swells. If strenuous exercise is exerted with the stomach this full, the resulting running and jumping causes the heavy stomach to twist from the excessive movement.

The most current theory is that the stomach’s regular contractions during the process of digestion lose their regular rhythm and traps air in the stomach that does not pass on down into the intestine. As the stomach pressure increases, the dog is unable to “belch” off the gas.

SIGNS of bloat include depression, pain, inability to get comfortable, and a protrusion most prominent on the left side of the dog in the area of the stomach. The dog often will lie in the “praying position,” with the front legs drawn fully forward.

RADIOGRAPHS are needed to determine if the stomach has twisted (volvulus).

CAUSES OF CONCERN.

1. Shock resulting from the distended stomach putting pressure on the large veins of the abdomen obstructing proper return of blood to the heart. This decreases heart output and results in poor blood and oxygen supply.

2. Stomach wall does not get proper blood circulation due to shock and pressure on the stomach wall blood vessels from the distention. If adequate blood flow is not returned quickly to the stomach wall, the stomach wall begins to die and may even rupture.

3. Spleen blood supply is interrupted if the stomach twists causing a rotation of the spleen and its vessels.

4. Digestion stops when bloat occurs. That allows the accumulation of toxins in the intestinal tract that activates chemicals causing inflammation. Toxins are also absorbed into the blood circulation.

TREATMENT OF BLOAT:

1. Treat shock with IV fluids & “shock” drugs.

2. Relieve stomach pressure via stomach tube and/or surgery.

3. Return the stomach to its proper position if twisted.

4. Remove devitalized stomach wall by surgery.

5. Attach stomach to abdominal wall (gastropexy) to prevent recurrence.

6. Monitor & treat for heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) which commonly occur for several days after bloating occurs.

PROGNOSIS. Survival rate depends on severity of distention, amount of time before treatment, and degree of shock present. Approximately 60-70& of dogs will survive when very aggressive therapy is initiated quickly.

GASTRIC DILATION & VOLVULUS

GASTRIC DILATION & VOLVULUS (GDV), commonly called “bloat,” is a potentially fatal condition in which a dog’s stomach distends with gas, food, and fluid—and then possibly rotates or “twists.” This twisting blocks both the entrances to the stomach from the esophagus and the exit into the intestines. It also shuts off the blood supply to the stomach and other internal organs. Distention and twisting may occur separately or together. When the condition occurs, every minute before treatment is initiated is critical in determining the dog’s chances of survival.

The condition is more common in older, purebred dogs. The deep-chested breeds such as Great Danes, Irish Setters, and Saint Bernards have the highest incidence. The deep, narrow chest provides a greater opportunity for the ligaments that support the stomach to stretch, especially when the stomach is full.

SIGNS. If a dog with this condition could talk, he would complain of abdominal pain, nausea, and weakness. But our canine friends can’t verbalize this information, and therefore owners have to look for clinical signs. If your dog exhibits one or more of the following conditions or behaviors—especially within a few hours of eating, call your veterinarian without delay:

1. Abdominal swelling and tenderness

2. Unsuccessful attempts to vomit (retching)

3. Excessive drooling

4. Restlessness or frequent change of position, often accompanied by whining

5. Panting or labored breathing

6. Staring at the abdomen, sometimes with a look of confusion or distress

TREATMENT. Minutes matter. Prompt treatment is essential for survival. Treatment may involve only removing the gas, washing out the stomach, and then close monitoring for a period of time to be sure it does not recur. In cases where there is a possible “twist,” emergency surgery is required. Surgery survival rate is not 100%, but it is the only chance the dog has. The earlier surgical intervention is initiated, the more likely a successful outcome. Once the abdomen is opened, it is possible to evaluate the stomach wall and other organs to better estimate the chances for survival.

REDUCE THE RISK. Even though there are no sure-fire ways to prevent these conditions, the following recommendations may help avoid it:

1. Feed your dog 2-3 small meals/day instead of one large meal.

2. Gradually introduce any dietary changes over a period of several days.

3. Moisten dry food with water so the food expands BEFORE it is eaten.

4. Avoid feeding table scraps or “people food.”

5. Do NOT vigorously exercise your dog for at least one hour before meals and two hours after eating.

6. Don’t allow your dog to eat large quantities of food rapidly.

7. Don’t allow your dog to drink large amounts of water before or after meals.

8. If possible, observe your dog for the first signs of distress for 1-2 hours after eating.

9. Be especially watchful when your dog is under stress, such as being kenneled, hospitalized, or in training.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Bloat2.htm

VON WILLEBRAND’S SYNDROME

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:20:00 +0000

VON WILLEBRAND’S SYNDROME

Von Willebrand’s Syndrome is a bleeding disorder of both animals and man.

CAUSE of the condition is a deficiency in the amount of a certain protein required to help platelets (blood cells used for clotting blood) seal broken blood vessels.

Although many breeds can be affected, the Doberman is the breed most commonly observed with the condition. Many pets may be carriers of the condition even though not affected themselves. Other breeds showing a high incidence are Chesapeake Bay Retrievers, Scotties, and Shelties.

SIGNS OF THE DISEASE VARY. Many dogs having the condition never show clinical signs. Others may hemorrhage from the nose, bladder, vagina, or mucous membranes. Prolonged bleeding after surgery or injury is common. If uncontrolled hemorrhage continues, it can result in death. The time of life when initial signs are seen also varies. The condition may not be evident until 4 years of age in the Doberman.

SCREENING FOR THE DISEASE can be performed in the veterinary office if the disease is suspected. The test is termed the “Buccal Mucosal Screening Time.”

PRECAUTIONS FOR SUSPECTED CASES:

1. Be sure to tell your veterinarian about past bleeding history.

2. Buccal Mucosal Screening Time should be determined before surgery in suspected cases.

3. Avoid medications that decrease clotting ability such as aspirin, phenylbutazone, ibuprofen, ampicillin, amoxicillin, phenothiazine tranquilizers, theophylline, antihistamines, sulfa-based drugs, estrogens, penicillin, and heparin.

TREATMENT. Blood transfusions may be needed to stabilize the acute case. There is no curative treatment to prevent future problems. Follow the above precautions.

www.missionvet.com

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Von%20Willerbrands.htm
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Tracheobronchitis

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:14:00 +0000

TRACHEOBRONCHITIS

CANINE TRACHEOBRONCHITIS, often nicknamed “Kennel Cough” is an inflammation of the windpipe (trachea) and lung air passages. There are many causes including irritation, bacteria, and viruses. It can be highly transmissible from one dog to another. It does not affect the cat or humans.

Your pet may show no signs of illness except a harsh, deep cough. It can come on suddenly or be the result of other Respiratory Infections.

This occurs many times after a dog has been kenneled for a few days. While kenneled away from home, many dogs do a lot of barking which irritates the throat making it more susceptible to developing bronchitis.

Many times, bronchitis may start from tonsillitis. Often gagging or vomiting mucus from the throat is seen by the owner.

With treatment, recovery is usually complete. Medications MAY be needed for several weeks. Complete recovery often takes SIX WEEKS!

Medication must be individualized to your pet’s particular needs. Many times we must start antibiotics for the bacterial infection, and let the dog cough for a week or two to remove the mucus. If the cough reflex is stopped too soon, pneumonia can develop from mucus that accumulates in the lungs. See your local animal hospital or veterinarian

www.missionvet.com

TRACHEAL COLLAPSE

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:13:00 +0000

TRACHEAL COLLAPSE

Collapse of the trachea is a condition where the windpipe is flattened instead of being rounded. It occurs most commonly in middle-aged to older smaller breed dogs that are overweight.

The trachea is composed of cartilage rings in the shape of a “C.” The open part of the “C” is located on top of the trachea and is composed of muscles and ligaments that hold the “tube” together. In cases of tracheal collapse, the windpipe collapses much like a soda straw does when sucked with excessive pressure. This decreases the size of the airway limiting movement of air within the windpipe thereby causing breathing difficulty and a cough or “honking” sound. If the collapse occurs in the part of the windpipe located in the lower neck before reaching the chest, then the collapse occurs upon inspiration. If the segment of the trachea involved is located within the chest, then the collapse occurs when the pet exhales the air. If both segments are involved, then the collapse is constant, but clinical signs are usually worse on expiration.

CAUSE of this condition is unknown. Obesity is commonly associated with tracheal collapse. It may be the result of a weakening of the tissue from bouts of bronchitis or other respiratory infections.

DIAGNOSIS of tracheal collapse is confirmed by radiographs (x-rays) and/or endoscopic examination (where a lighted tube is passed down the airway).

TREATMENT. Most cases are successfully treated with medications. Some complicated cases may require surgery. Surgery, however, is not guaranteed to solve the problem. For more information see your animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Tracheal%20Collapse.htm

THIRD EYELID GLAND PROTRUSION

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:12:00 +0000

THIRD EYELID GLAND PROTRUSION

Dogs and cats have 3 eyelids: upper lid, lower lid, and one that is attached inside the other lids at the inside corner of the eye socket. This third eyelid serves to protect the eye from injury by closing over the eye to give a second covering of the eye.

On the inside of this third eyelid, there is a small lymph node and small gland that produces tears. The tears produced aid in lubrication of the eye.

A condition exists where this small gland becomes inflamed and swollen. Once swollen, the tissue of this gland then protrudes out over the free edge of the third eyelid. This condition is sometimes called “cherry eye,” because the reddened, swollen tissue resembles a cherry.

CAUSE of this condition is not known. An infection or allergic reactions may sometimes cause the condition. There is a tendency for the condition to occur in the other eye at some future date.

TREATMENT of this condition may be medical or surgical. Often times the condition is first treated topically with anti-inflammatory medications in an effort to avoid surgery. If medical therapy is not effective, then surgery to either remove part of the gland or replace the gland into its normal position is recommended. For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/thrideyelidgland.htm

PROSTATE GLAND DISEASE

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:10:00 +0000

PROSTATE GLAND DISEASE

The prostate is a gland which surrounds the urethra (urine canal) near the bladder in male dogs and cats. The gland produces a fluid needed for reproduction. As in man, this gland may cause problems, especially in the OLDER, non-neutered pet.

These major problems include:

1. Infection (prostatitis) which can arise from bladder or blood infections.

2. Enlargement (benign hyperplasia) due to hormonal imbalances.

3. Cancer.

4. Cysts. (fluid-filled sacs formed within the gland itself)

Signs of prostate disease may include:

1. Pain in the rear quarters.

2. A “hunched-up” appearance to the back.

3. Straining to defecate--the pet may appear constipated.

4. Straining to urinate, bloody urine, and increased frequency of urination.

5. Discharges from the penis (blood or pus)

The treatment of prostate disease depends upon the individual cause.

Methods of treatment include:

1. Urine cultures--to determine proper therapy.

2. Hormone therapy.

3. Antibiotics.

4. Castration.

5. Prostate gland surgical removal.

Remember . . . NEUTERING your pet will help prevent prostate disease!

Notify the clinic if any of the following occur:

1. Your pet strains excessively to urinate or have a bowel movement.

2. Your pet has bloody urine or exhibits pain when urinating.

3. There is a discharge from the penis.

4. There is a change from your pet’s general health.

5. There is no response to therapy within 3 days.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Prostate%20gland%20disease.htm

Parvo virus facts

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:09:00 +0000

PARVO VIRUS FACTS

Facts you should know about Parvovirus:

1. Contagious to dogs only - not cats or people.

2. Signs include vomiting, fever, and bloody diarrhea with a very foul odor.

3. The virus sometimes may attack the HEART muscle causing “myocarditis” (inflammation). This may occur for up to 3-6 weeks after apparent recovery from the intestinal form of the disease.

This “heart” form is ALWAYS FATAL!

4. The YOUNGER the dog, the GREATER the chance it will NOT recover.

5. Dogs that recover from parvovirus are often weak, making them even more susceptible to other diseases, such as DISTEMPER.

6. The virus is transmitted through the FECES of an infected dog. It can be carried on dog’s hair and feet as well as live on contaminated rugs, bedding, shoes, and other objects.

7. The most effective disinfectant is 4 oz. Clorox in l gallon of water.

8. Dogs that recover from parvovirus continue to spread the virus in the feces for a month or longer. (Carriers)

9. Dogs remain HIGHLY SUSCEPTIBLE to Parvovirus until 2 WEEKS after the LAST injection of the initial puppy immunization series.

10. Death from parvovirus result from:

(a) Dehydration.

(b) Overwhelming bacterial infection resulting from the pet’s lowered resistance.

(c) Blood loss from internal hemorrhage.

(d) Heart attack from invasion of the heart muscle by the virus.

11. Treatment is aimed at maintaining the normal body composition and preventing secondary bacterial infection. We have NO CURE for any animal virus, just as there is NO CURE for any human virus.

12. The body normally is about 80% water. Life is NOT possible when 12-15 % of the normal body fluids are lost. With parvo virus, the pet often quickly becomes “dehydrated” from the vomiting, diarrhea, and inability to consume fluids. This is the reason fluid therapy is so important in Parvo virus Therapy. For information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/parvo.htm

PANOSTEITIS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:07:00 +0000

PANOSTEITIS

PANOSTEITIS is a disease of the long bones in the legs and is most often seen in young dogs of the larger breeds. These dogs usually show signs of lameness which often is seen in different legs at different times.

The cause of this disease is unknown. X-ray findings are used to diagnose this condition, however laboratory tests are sometimes necessary to rule out other causes of lameness. The primary signs seen on the X-rays include inflammation of the bones of the legs.

Dogs usually show a sudden onset of lameness beginning in the front legs. It most often is seen at 5-12 months of age. The disease often persists for 2-6 months, but can last up to 10 months. Lameness is often intermittent and sporadic. Lameness may switch from one leg to another. The degree of pain and discomfort will vary.

Full recovery usually occurs within 6 months with no permanent after-effects.

Treatment recommendations useful in this disease include:

1. Limited exercise is beneficial. Since the pet’s condition may vary from day to day, let him/her exercise as much as he/she desires. During painful periods, inactivity is to be expected and desired.

2. Anti-inflammatory medications.

3. Pain medication in severe cases.

4. Feed a HIGH QUALITY DIET.

5. AVOID food supplements unless prescribed by us.

Notify the Clinic if any of the following occur:

1. Your pet’s legs become swollen.

2. Your pet seems unusually uncomfortable.

3. There is a change in your pet’s general health.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Panosteitis.htm

MISMATING INJECTION FACTS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:06:00 +0000

MISMATING INJECTION FACTS

WE DO NOT ADVISE MISMATING INJECTIONS! They are potentially BAD for your pet’s health.

FACTS YOU SHOULD KNOW ABOUT MISMATING INJECTIONS:

1. DISADVANTAGES of the Abortion Injections.

(a) Dog will stay “in heat” for an extra 7-l0 days.

(b) Cystic ovaries sometimes result in continuous or sporatic “heat” cycles.

(c) The dog is more prone to develop breast tumors later in life.

(d) The dog is more prone to develop UTERINE INFECTIONS later in life.

(e) The injection is about 80% effective. 20% of the time, the dog may still have a litter of puppies from failure to induce abortion. However the litter usually consists of only a small number of puppies.

2. DOGS SHOULD ALWAYS BE SPAYED AT A LATER DATE WHEN IT IS NO LONGER DESIRED TO RAISE PUPS AFTER HAVING A MISMATING INJECTION. This is necessary to prevent potential complications later in life.

3. Notify the clinic if ANY of the following occur:

(a) Weakness or depression.

(b) Loss of appetite.

(c) Your pet is accidentally bred again during this “heat.”

(d) Increased bloody discharge from the vulva.

(e) Enlargement of the vulva or protruding tissue from that area.

**We recommend SPAYING your pet instead of giving the mismating injections, due to the possible side-effects of hormone therapy.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/mismating.htm

LYME DISEASE

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:05:00 +0000

LYME DISEASE

WHAT IS IT?

Lyme Disease is a disease caused by a spiral-shaped bacterium, Borrelia burgdorferi. The disease in people begins with fatigue, headache, and often a characteristic rash. If left untreated, the disease may progress to include cardiac, neurolgic, and arthritic signs. Diseased pets will often only show arthritic signs, which may occur with fatigue and reluctance to eat.

WHO CAN GET IT?

Lyme Disease was initially described in people, but the organism has been found in many wild animals. Horses, cows, and cats may harbor the bacteria, but the dog is most commonly infected.

HOW IS IT TRANSMITTED?

The disease is transmitted by the bite of a tick. Some biting insects have been found carrying the organism, but they are not considered as major transmitters of the disease. There is NO evidence that you can get the disease from your pet, BUT your pet could bring infected ticks into your yard or house. Most of the signs of Lyme Disease are reported in the spring to fall, when tick populations are the highest.

WHERE DOES IT OCCUR?

Lyme Disease appears to have a worldwide distribution. Cases have been reported in at least 30 of the United States, but 86% of these cases originated in only 7 states. The areas with highest activity are the northeastern seaboard, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and northern California. If you reside in or travel to these areas, your pet could have an increased chance of exposure to this disease.

WHAT DOES A POSITIVE TEST MEAN?

A positive antibody test for Lyme Disease only shows that your pet has been exposed to the organism at some point in time. It does NOT mean that your pet is currently infected. The test is performed to help evaluate clinical signs where the disease could be a possibility. Often a diagnosis of Lyme Disease cannot be made until a response is seen from treatment of the disease. Many pets that are exposed to the organism will test positive, but never develop signs.

HOW IS IT TREATED?

The disease is readily treated with antibiotics. The earlier in the course of the disease treatment is begun, the better the chance for complete cure. Your pet may appear well after only a couple of days of medication, BUT IT IS IMPORTANT TO CONTINUE GIVING THE DRUG FOR THE FULL TIME PERIOD or your pet may show signs again.

HOW CAN IT BE PREVENTED?

When you and your pet venture into areas that may be infested with ticks, you should take precautions to avoid infection with Lyme Disease or other tick-transmitted diseases. Apply repellents to yourself, and regularly use flea and tick insecticides on your pet. Check yourself and your pet for attached ticks, and remove them with tweezers. Do NOT crush ticks between your fingers, or you could become infected.

A vaccine is now available for this disease. Your veterinarian will evaluate the need for vaccination of Lyme Disease for your particular pet.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Lyme%20Disease.htm

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:04:00 +0000

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA

KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS SICCA is sometimes called “dry eye.” It is a condition in which tear production is decreased or sometimes even totally absent. This causes the outer layer of the eye (cornea) to dry out and become painful. Loss of vision can result.

Tears are produced from 2 major sources:

1. Tear glands positioned above each eyeball

2. Accessory glands distributed throughout the front of the eyes, including the eyelids

Inflammation or destruction of these tear glands can reduce tear production to such a low level that the eye begins to dry out.

CAUSES of this condition include trauma, drug toxicities, chemical irritations, viral infections, tumors, nerve degeneration, congenital defects where the dog is born without well-formed tear glands, and autoimmune reactions. In most cases, the exact cause cannot be determined. There is evidence that up to 90% of KCS cases are related to a problem with the pet’s immune system. The role of the immune system is to protect against disease. In certain instances, the pet’s own immune system can mistakenly recognize parts of its own body as foreign invaders and set out to destroy them. In KCS, it is thought that the immune system may actually destroy the glands that are responsible for tear production, leaving the dog incapable of producing sufficient tears.

CLINICAL SIGNS include frequent accumulation of mucus in the corners of the eye, reddened eyes, dry & dull cornea, squinting and rubbing the eyes, loss of transparency in the cornea, and possibly the presence of ulcers on the corneal.

DIAGNOSIS is based on clinical signs and results of the Schirmer tear test. This test involves placing a special strip of paper over the dog’s lower eyelids. After one minute, the amount of moisture absorbed by the special paper is measured and the results compared to known standards.

TREATMENT. The goal is to maintain adequate lubrication of the eye. This may be accomplished one of several ways:

1. Stimulation of tear production through the use of drugs that increase tear flow.

2. Replacement of tears using “artificial tears.”

3. Surgery to transpose the parotid salivary gland duct from the mouth to the eye so that the saliva from the gland can be substituted for tears.

Fortunately, now there is a new drug, cyclosporine, that is very effective in stimulating tear production in most pets. Although expensive, the cost / day is minimal because only 1-2 drops of the medication are needed for each treatment.

THIS CONDITION CANNOT BE CURED! HOWEVER, IT IS VERY EASILY TREATED AND CONTROLLED IN MOST PETS.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Keratoconjunctivitis%20sicca.htm

HYPOTHYROIDISM

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:03:00 +0000

HYPOTHYROIDISM

The thyroid gland is a small gland located under the skin at the center of the neck. It is controlled by another small gland called the pituitary gland located at the base of the brain. This gland signals the thyroid to produce and release thyroid hormone. Thyroid hormone effects many parts of the body, from the hair coat to individual cell functioning.

HYPOTHYROIDISM is a condition caused by too little circulating thyroid hormone in the blood stream. This is usually caused by the thyroid gland ceasing to function properly. Most of the time, there is no biological reason why the thyroid gland is not working properly.

The most common SIGN of hypothyroidism is a loss of hair, often on the tail, hindquarters or flank that is NOT the result of scratching. It may range from a very thin hair coat to complete baldness. Other signs include dry scaly skin, dry brittle hair, bleaching of the hair coat, possibly oily skin, increased pigmentation of the skin, thickening of the skin, increased susceptibility to skin and ear infections, and high blood cholesterol. It also may predispose the pet to a condition called “dry eye” due to thickened tears.

Advanced cases of hypothyroidism may cause lethargy and obesity, even on a limited diet. The pet may not want to exercise, may seek out warm places, and may have cold clammy skin. Breeding dogs may have a lack of libido and/or irregular estrus cycles.

DIAGNOSIS of hypothyroidism is confirmed by blood tests.

TREATMENT of hypothyroidism is supplementation with thyroid medications. You should see an improvement in the overall condition of the pet in 2-4 weeks, but changes in hair coat take 1-6 months, depending on the rate of new hair growth for the particular pet.

HYPOTHYROIDISM IS TREATABLE BUT NOT CURABLE! The drug will need to be given for the rest of the dog’s life.

FOLLOW-UP IS IMPORTANT. Blood tests to monitor the blood thyroid levels must be done on a regular basis to re-adjust the medication dosage as needed to maintain proper blood concentrations of the medication.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Hypothyroidism.htm

HIP DYSPLASIA

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:01:00 +0000

HIP DYSPLASIA

Hip Dysplasia is a major problem in the large breeds of dogs. It is the result of birth defects and growing deformities of the pelvis and hip joints. It is inherited. The “ball and socket” of the hip joint fit poorly causing abnormal movement of the involved legs and pain.

Early signs include lameness in one or both of the rear legs, reluctance or difficulty in getting up after lying down, reluctance to run and/or jump, and sometimes a swaying appearance to the rear legs when viewed from behind.

Signs vary considerably. The dog may show no signs, even though severe hip lesions are present, or it can be totally crippled and disabled by the condition.

Signs usually are not detected in the newborn puppy, but often appear during the period of rapid growth before one year of age.

DIAGNOSIS is by x-ray examination. Sedation is usually necessary to restrain the dog for proper film exposure. A dog CANNOT be confirmed “free” of dysplasia until two years of age, due to the changes that may occur in the pelvis during any stage of the growth process.

UNFORTUNATELY, there is NO way to predict how it will develop in each individual or how severe the signs will be.

Since the disease is hereditary, affected dogs should NOT be used for breeding.

We recommend x-rays of BOTH male and female dogs used for breeding. A certification program is available (OFA - Orthopedic Foundation for Animals), however, we feel that our radiography standards are sufficient for most dogs. Dogs should be at least 1 1/2 years of age for x-rays to be accurate.

TREATMENT may consist of the following:

1. Medications for pain and stiffness.

2. Surgical removal of the hip joint allowing a “false” joint to form.

3. Artificial Hip Transplantation.

4. Maintenance of proper weight, diet, and exercise. The pet must not be allowed to

become overweight.

5. Medications to increase the joint fluid that lubricates the joint surfaces.

THERE IS NO CURE FOR HIP DYSPLASIA!!

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Hip%20Dysplasia.htm

Heartworm

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 19:00:00 +0000

HEARTWORM POST-TREATMENT INSTRUCTIONS

Heartworm Disease is becoming increasingly more common in this area. Several cases are diagnosed each week.

The heartworm lives primarily in the right side of the heart, and in the nearby large blood vessels. The female worms produce large numbers of immature heartworms which circulate in the blood.

The microfilaria (baby heartworms) are ingested by a mosquito biting an infected dog. After living in the mosquito for 1-2 weeks, the microfilaria are injected into another dog when the mosquito feeds. It takes about six months for the heartworm to reach adulthood after infecting the dog.

The important thing for dog owners to remember is that a great deal of damage can occur before any obvious signs are noticed. Delayed treatment may result in heart failure and/or permanent damage to the liver, lungs, and kidneys -- with eventual death.

The signs of heartworm disease which you are most likely to notice include coughing, sluggishness, rapid tiring, and labored breathing.

Diagnosis is made by finding the microfilaria in a blood sample. It will be six or seven months after exposure before microfilaria can be detected in the blood.

Treatment for heartworms consists of killing the adult worms with injectable medication.

The dog may be required to stay at the hospital for 3-4 days.

After treatment, the adult worms die and are carried by the blood to the lungs where they lodge in small blood vessels. There they decompose and are absorbed by the body over a period of several months.

Reactions to the drugs are not uncommon, and there IS ALWAYS some risk involved in treating a dog for heartworms.

Following treatment, COMPLETE REST is needed to prevent lung damage from the dead, decomposing worms for 6-8 weeks.

The microfilaria will be killed with an injection approximately 4-6 weeks after treatment to rid the dog of the adult heartworms.

We have a very high degree of success in treating heartworm disease when we get an early diagnosis, before severe heart damage has taken place. Physical examination and laboratory testing will determine whether or not your pet should undergo treatment once heartworms are diagnosed.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Heartworm.htm

EHRLICHIOSIS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:59:00 +0000

EHRLICHIOSIS

Ehrlichiosis is an infectious disease of dogs first observed in military dogs returning from Vietnam during the 1970’s. Another name for this disease is “Tropical Pancytopenia.”

The organism causing this disease is classified as a “rickettisa,” an organism similar to bacteria.

TRANSMISSION of this disease is through the bite of an infected tick. The brown dog tick is the main reservoir of infection.

STAGES of the disease include acute (early disease), subclinical (no outward signs of disease), and chronic (long-standing infection). The acute phase lasts 2-4 weeks with signs including fever, swollen lymph nodes, respiratory distress, bleeding disorders, weight loss, and nervous system problems. At the conclusion of this stage, the subclinical stage begins. No clinical signs of disease are present during this time. During this stage, the dog may continue to shed the organism, totally eliminate the organism from its body, or progress on to the chronic stage. The chronic stage results in anemia, blood clotting problems, lameness, eye problems, swollen limbs, and nervous system problems.

DIAGNOSIS can be difficult in the early stages. A blood test is available for diagnosis, but the test will not result in a positive reaction until 2-3 weeks after the organism has infected the pet. A repeat test in 3-4 weeks is often required to get a positive diagnosis.

TREATMENT begins with correcting severe anemia or bleeding problems, usually with a blood transfusion. Specific antibiotics, especially doxycycline or enrofloxin are most often prescribed for treatment. Treatment usually is required for 30 days. New research suggests that treatment for 2-4 months may be required.

PROGNOSIS is good provided the dog has a competent immune system. Dogs with weak immune systems, or in the last stage, which has affected the bone marrow are less likely to survive.

PREVENTION. The elimination of ticks from the area is the best prevention.

HUMAN HEALTH SIGNIFICANCE. The disease is not contagious directly from a dog to a human. The only way the disease is spread is through the bite of a tick.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.
www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Ehrlichiosis.htm

CANINE DISTEMPER

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:57:00 +0000

CANINE DISTEMPER

1. Canine Distemper is a very prevalent, highly contagious disease of dogs caused by a virus. The virus may be spread by contact with mucous and watery secretions discharged from the eyes and noses of infected dogs. Infection may also occur from exposure to urine, fecal material, and through the air.

2. Better than 50% of adult dogs that contact the disease will die.

Among puppies, the death rate often reaches 80%.

3. Many dogs that do survive the initial disease will suffer permanent damage to the nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Partial or total paralysis may often result. Seizures often occur which become more frequent and severe as the disease progresses. Most dogs that develop these signs must be euthanized.

4. Cats are not susceptible to Canine Distemper. The so-called “Cat Distemper” is a different disease caused by a different virus.

5. Signs of Distemper include squinting, congestion of the eyes, and eye discharges. Weight loss, vomiting, nasal discharges, poor appetite, and diarrhea sometimes occur. Most infected dogs have a fever and “stuffed up” head. Bronchitis and Pneumonia often occur. In some cases, no signs are observed until seizures begin. Occasionally the virus affects the foot pads resulting in “hard pads.”

6. Prevention is easily accomplished by proper vaccination beginning when the pup is 6-8 weeks of age. A series of immunizations must be given to give proper immunity. Boosters are required to keep proper immunity as an adult.

7. Treatment is very difficult since the cause is a virus. There are currently NO drugs available to kill the virus, just as there are no drugs to kill most of the viruses affecting people. Drugs are used to strengthen the pup’s body to help it fight the virus. Antibiotics are given to prevent secondary bacterial infections such as pneumonia.

8. Recovery often takes 6-8 weeks before it can be assumed the dog will not be left with any of the permanent damage affecting the brain. Many dogs appear to respond very well to the initial medications, but then later develop seizures or twitches.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Distemper.htm

DEMODECTIC MANGE

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:56:00 +0000

DEMODECTIC MANGE

Demodectic Mange, also called “Red Mange,” is a noncontagious skin disease that has been around as long as there have been dogs and veterinarians. It still is one of the most difficult medical conditions to manage successfully in some cases.

It is caused by a tiny parasite which lives in the hair follicles and skin glands of the dog.

Puppies are infected with mites from contact with the skin of their mother while nursing. The mites are present in the skin of many healthy dogs and do not cause disease. It is thought that pets diagnosed with demodectic mange are “immunodeficient”‑‑unable to fight off the mites as a healthy dog would do. This allows large numbers of the mites to appear.

Demodex occurs almost exclusively in young dogs (3 months to l year of age). When the disease is seen in older animals, they usually have been afflicted since their youth.

Demodectic mange is seen in two forms:

Localized mange is confined to a few small areas usually involving the face or front feet, and is relatively easy to treat.

Generalized mange is one of the most severe canine skin diseases, and treatment is NOT always successful!

The skin may become infected with bacteria‑‑eventually allowing the hair follicles to rupture expelling pus. The skin may become dry, crusty, brittle, and ooze serum, blood, or pus. A strong, offensive skin odor may be present due to the secondary bacterial infection.

A hereditary predisposition is suggested. Affected dogs should be spayed/neutered to prevent passing the disease on to their offspring. Even though all pups in the litter may not show signs of demodex, they still may be a carrier capable of passing on the disease to any offspring they produce.

Dogs should also be spayed to reduce the stress of the estrus (heat) cycle, which may cause acute flare‑ups of this disease.

Animals with small, local lesions of demodex usually recover well without recurrence. Diligent, time‑consuming therapy is required for full recovery in the severe, generalized cases. Because a defect in the immune system plays a part in this disease, some dogs DO NOT recover! If the skin infection spreads to other parts of the body, the dog may become systemically sick and even die. Severely affected animals that do recover seldom show signs of the disease again. However there are some dogs that require a periodic treatment for the rest of their life to keep the disease under control.

* Your dog usually will look WORSE for 2‑4 weeks after treatment is begun because of the hairs that are already affected when treatment is begun. Recovery takes a minimum of 6‑12 weeks in most cases. Many cases fail to respond due to a lack of proper treatment by YOU‑‑the owner!

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Demodectic%20mange.htm

COPROPHAGIA

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:55:00 +0000

COPROPHAGIA

(Eating Feces)

Many dogs develop the unpleasant habit of eating feces. In some pets, it becomes almost a compulsive behavior. These pets may not only eat their own stool, but also those of other animals.

Several theories have been presented to try to explain the behavior. Possible causes are thought to be boredom, too much confinement, vitamin or mineral deficiencies, and neurotic behavior.

Stool eating is certainly a disgusting habit but rarely does it cause serious medical problems. Certain intestinal parasites can be transmitted through coprophagia but mostly the habit just creates a socially unacceptable dog with very objectionable breath.

IMPORTANT POINTS IN TREATMENT. With certain pets there seems to be nothing that you can do to stop this disgusting habit. However, here are a few “tips” that might help:

1. Remove the feces from the premises daily.

2. Do not confine your dog to a small area where it will have a bowel movement in close proximity to where it spends most of its time.

3. Prevent access to the cat’s litter box.

4. Provide regular exercise.

5. Give a good, daily vitamin/mineral supplement.

6. Consider changing the pet’s food. Alternate from high fiber foods to low fiber foods.

7. Have the pet tested for internal parasites.

8. Try adding FORBIDÒ to the pet’s food on a daily basis. This monosodium glutamate product will impart a disagreeable taste to the pet’s own stool. It will help stop coprophagia 50% of the time. It is available at our clinic.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/coprophagia.htm

CLIPPER BURNS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:54:00 +0000

CLIPPER BURNS

Pet groomers are often accused of creating “clipper burns”. This condition is often mistakenly thought to be a result of using “hot clippers” on the pet resulting from continual use by the groomer. This generally is NOT the case. This condition is caused by an irritation of very sensitive skin. The skin of some pets is more sensitive than that of other pets. Commonly involved areas of the body include the face, neck, feet, belly, rectal, and tail areas.

Pets with white skin appear to be more commonly involved.

Tangled mats and flea infestations also increase the susceptibility of the pet to these irritated areas. Rug “burns” from a happy pet returning home and rubbing or scooting on the carpet also may cause the problem.

This skin condition may become evident as early as 2-3 hours after the irritation occurs. The area becomes reddened, thick, and painful. A foul smelling discharge may be present if infection begins. This problem is compounded by mutilation from the pet itself scratching or chewing the lesions due to the itching, which can be very intense.

RARELY is this condition a direct result of wrong-doings by the experienced, conscientious groomer.

To prevent the problem, caution the groomer if your pet has a history of sensitive skin or irritation. Discourage scratching and rubbing when your pet returns after grooming by keeping him occupied for a couple of hours by playing or other attentive measures.

Underlying causes MUST BE CORRECTED to prevent recurrence!

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Clipper_Burns.htm

CHRONIC VOMITING & DIARRHEA IN THE DOG

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:52:00 +0000

CHRONIC VOMITING & DIARRHEA IN THE DOG

Chronic vomiting and diarrhea in the dog can be a frustrating problem to treat. Successful treatment depends on an attempt to rule out all possible causes. Causes may include:

1. Food Allergy. Dogs may all of a sudden develop an allergy to some protein in the particular food being fed. There may be no explainable reason for this occurrence. Diagnosis is based on a food allergy trial utilizing sources of nutrients that have not been fed to the particular pet. A confirmed diagnosis can take several months.

2. Foreign Bodies. In some pets a foreign body, such as a small ball or marble may cause chronic vomiting and/or diarrhea if it does not cause a complete obstruction. Diagnosis is often confirmed by radiographs (X-rays).

3. Internal Parasites must be ruled out by internal parasite testing.

4. Chronic Pancreatitis may decrease the ability to digest foods properly resulting in diarrhea.

5. Chronic Liver or Kidney Disease may cause sporadic vomiting. Blood chemistry analysis is useful in confirming these diagnoses.

6. Inflammatory Bowel Disease. This condition is thought to be an allergic reaction to some chronic irritation. The condition may affect the stomach and/or the intestine. Vomiting and/or diarrhea is dependent on the location of the lesions within the gastrointestinal tract. If only the stomach is involved, vomiting is usually the only sign. If only the colon is affected, then diarrhea is often the only sign observed. Diagnosis is usually confirmed with a biopsy and histopathologic examination of the tissue under the microscope. A diagnosis of IBD does not diagnose the underlying disease causing the problem. Sometimes it is possible to determine the exact cause, but in most cases it is never pinpointed. These cases are termed “idiopathic IBD.”

Idiopathic IBD is usually treated with corticosteroids. Goals of treatment are to use the minimal dose possible to alleviate the clinical signs. It is usually necessary to initiate therapy with high doses which can then be tapered off over a period of time.

Prednisone is the most commonly used corticosteroid. Prednisone remains in the body for approximately 36 hours after ingestion by mouth. Cortisone is normally produced by the adrenal gland. When the body is supplemented with additional corticosteroids, the adrenal glands stop production. It is important not to suppress the adrenal glands so long as to prevent them from producing cortisone on its own. For that reason, prednisone is usually given every 48 hours allowing a 12 hour period of time when the oral medication has exited the body and forcing the adrenal gland to produce on its own. The dog’s adrenal glands function primarily at night.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/chronic_vomiting_Diarrhea.htm

Veterinary information on CANINE BRUCELLOSIS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:51:00 +0000

CANINE BRUCELLOSIS

Basic Facts about Contagious Abortion

1. First known to exist in l963 in Beagles. Since then, incidence studies have shown increasing number of affected dogs of all breeds.

2. 25% of all suspect dogs TESTED in this area are positive for Brucella canis, the cause of the disease.

3. Clinically, the disease is usually manifested by reproductive failure and generalized swollen lymph glands. Other forms of the disease may include chronic meningitis, brain disease, and spinal problems.

4. Since the signs associated with the disease are usually mild, diagnosis of the disease is made on the basis of a history of abortions, infertility, pronounced vaginal discharge, testicular abnormalities, demonstration of a specific antibody in the patient’s serum (test done by state and federal diagnostic labs), and the isolation of B. canis from the blood of the suspect animal. New, rapid tests that can be done in the office have been developed.

5. Transmission is chiefly oral although any mucous membrane can serve as portal of entry.

After 1-3 weeks incubation in the regional lymph nodes, a general bacterial infection occurs which typically last for one year and may last over 30 months. This bacteremia is not accompanied by fever.

6. There seems to be some degree of immunity.

Although dogs have been reported to sequentially abort up to three times, most abort once or twice and then, if kept for breeding, give birth to one or more normal litters. At the present time, there is NO vaccine on the market.

7. The best treatment seems to be a new two-stage technique as follows:

(a) Antibiotics for three weeks.

(b) No treatment for a few weeks (generally two).

(c) Repeat antibiotics for three weeks.

(d) Then retest (2 negative tests, 60 days apart.)

8. Control within a kennel consists of rigid testing and elimination of positive dogs.

New arrivals and suspects are placed in isolation units until at least two negative test results one month apart. Pets and highly valuable working dogs should receive treatment and remain in isolation until two consecutive tests, at least 60 days apart, are negative.

9. Humans are rather resistant to infection, but if the disease is contracted, it is easily treated with antibiotics.

Headache, fatigue, swollen lymph glands, and fever are the main signs. The owner of an infected dog should be informed of the public health risk.

10. Disinfect kennel daily with iodine or Clorox disinfectants.

11. It is your duty to inform the public of this disease and its implications if your pet is diagnosed positive.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Canine_Brucellosis.htm

Veterinary information on Canine Bloat

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:48:00 +0000

CANINE BLOAT

CANINE BLOAT (Gastric Dilation-Volvulus) is a digestive problem caused by the excessive swallowing of air while eating, gastrointestinal secretions, and gas from fermentation of food in the stomach. This is a LIFE-THREATENING EMERGENCY primarily found in large or giant, deep-chested dog breeds, but it also has been reported in smaller breeds such as the Dachshund and Basset Hound.

There are still many unanswered questions about this problem and a lot of research is currently investigating the problem.

The following recommendations are currently recommended:

1. Feed large dogs two or three times daily, rather than once a day, and at times when someone can observe after-feeding behavior.

2. Be alert for any actions from the dog that signal abdominal discomfort. These include: evidence of abdominal fullness after meals, whining, pacing, getting up and lying down, stretching, looking at the abdomen, anxiety, and unproductive attempts to vomit. Animals showing these signs should be examined by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

3. Establish a good working relationship with a veterinary hospital that offers 24 hour emergency service.

4. Make sure water is available to dogs at all times, but limit the amount immediately after feeding if the dog appears to over-consume.

5. Avoid vigorous exercise, excitement, and stress one hour before and two hours after meals. Walking is permissible as it may help to stimulate normal gastrointestinal function.

6. Diet changes should be made gradually over a period of 3 - 5 days.

7. Feed susceptible dogs individually and, if possible, in a quiet location.

8. Pay special attention to these procedures after animals return home from being elsewhere.

9. Dogs that have survived bloat are at increased risk for future episodes. Be sure to discuss preventive surgery or medical management with the veterinarian.

CANINE BLOAT

Bloat is a condition affecting primarily the large breed dogs in which the stomach simply fills with air. Most common breeds are Great Danes, Irish Setters, German Shepherds, Afghans, and Rhodesian Ridgebacks. This condition may progress to include “volvulus” which means the stomach has twisted on its longitudinal axis. Both of these conditions are emergency conditions!

CAUSES of this condition are really not understood. One theory is that if the dog ate a large amount of dry food followed by ingestion of large amounts of water, the dry food then swells. If strenuous exercise is exerted with the stomach this full, the resulting running and jumping causes the heavy stomach to twist from the excessive movement.

The most current theory is that the stomach’s regular contractions during the process of digestion lose their regular rhythm and traps air in the stomach that does not pass on down into the intestine. As the stomach pressure increases, the dog is unable to “belch” off the gas.

SIGNS of bloat include depression, pain, inability to get comfortable, and a protrusion most prominent on the left side of the dog in the area of the stomach. The dog often will lie in the “praying position,” with the front legs drawn fully forward.

RADIOGRAPHS are needed to determine if the stomach has twisted (volvulus).

CAUSES OF CONCERN.

1. Shock resulting from the distended stomach putting pressure on the large veins of the abdomen obstructing proper return of blood to the heart. This decreases heart output and results in poor blood and oxygen supply.

2. Stomach wall does not get proper blood circulation due to shock and pressure on the stomach wall blood vessels from the distention. If adequate blood flow is not returned quickly to the stomach wall, the stomach wall begins to die and may even rupture.

3. Spleen blood supply is interrupted if the stomach twists causing a rotation of the spleen and its vessels.

4. Digestion stops when bloat occurs. That allows the accumulation of toxins in the intestinal tract that activates chemicals causing inflammation. Toxins are also absorbed into the blood circulation.

TREATMENT OF BLOAT:

1. Treat shock with IV fluids & “shock” drugs.

2. Relieve stomach pressure via stomach tube and/or surgery.

3. Return the stomach to its proper position if twisted.

4. Remove devitalized stomach wall by surgery.

5. Attach stomach to abdominal wall (gastropexy) to prevent recurrence.

6. Monitor & treat for heart rhythm abnormalities (arrhythmias) which commonly occur for several days after bloating occurs.

PROGNOSIS. Survival rate depends on severity of distention, amount of time before treatment, and degree of shock present. Approximately 60-70& of dogs will survive when very aggressive therapy is initiated quickly.

GASTRIC DILATION VOLVULUS

GASTRIC DILATION & VOLVULUS (GDV), commonly called “bloat,” is a potentially fatal condition in which a dog’s stomach distends with gas, food, and fluid—and then possibly rotates or “twists.” This twisting blocks both the entrances to the stomach from the esophagus and the exit into the intestines. It also shuts off the blood supply to the stomach and other internal organs. Distention and twisting may occur separately or together. When the condition occurs, every minute before treatment is initiated is critical in determining the dog’s chances of survival.

The condition is more common in older, purebred dogs. The deep-chested breeds such as Great Danes, Irish Setters, and Saint Bernards have the highest incidence. The deep, narrow chest provides a greater opportunity for the ligaments that support the stomach to stretch, especially when the stomach is full.

SIGNS. If a dog with this condition could talk, he would complain of abdominal pain, nausea, and weakness. But our canine friends can’t verbalize this information, and therefore owners have to look for clinical signs. If your dog exhibits one or more of the following conditions or behaviors—especially within a few hours of eating, call your veterinarian without delay:

1. Abdominal swelling and tenderness

2. Unsuccessful attempts to vomit (retching)

3. Excessive drooling

4. Restlessness or frequent change of position, often accompanied by whining

5. Panting or labored breathing

6. Staring at the abdomen, sometimes with a look of confusion or distress

TREATMENT. Minutes matter. Prompt treatment is essential for survival. Treatment may involve only removing the gas, washing out the stomach, and then close monitoring for a period of time to be sure it does not recur. In cases where there is a possible “twist,” emergency surgery is required. Surgery survival rate is not 100%, but it is the only chance the dog has. The earlier surgical intervention is initiated, the more likely a successful outcome. Once the abdomen is opened, it is possible to evaluate the stomach wall and other organs to better estimate the chances for survival.

REDUCE THE RISK. Even though there are no sure-fire ways to prevent these conditions, the following recommendations may help avoid it:

1. Feed your dog 2-3 small meals/day instead of one large meal.

2. Gradually introduce any dietary changes over a period of several days.

3. Moisten dry food with water so the food expands BEFORE it is eaten.

4. Avoid feeding table scraps or “people food.”

5. Do NOT vigorously exercise your dog for at least one hour before meals and two hours after eating.

6. Don’t allow your dog to eat large quantities of food rapidly.

7. Don’t allow your dog to drink large amounts of water before or after meals.

8. If possible, observe your dog for the first signs of distress for 1-2 hours after eating.

9. Be especially watchful when your dog is under stress, such as being kenneled, hospitalized, or in training.

For more information contact your local veterinarian or animal hospital.

www.missionvet.com
http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Bloat2.htm

Veterinary information on the Canine Condition BLASTOMYCOSIS

noreply@blogger.com (Mission Animal Care Center) — Mon, 26 Apr 2010 18:26:00 +0000

BLASTOMYCOSIS

Blastomycosis is a fungal disease that most often results from inhaling the fungus into the respiratory system. Once the spores are inhaled, they begin to grow in the small airways of the lungs. Later on, the fungus spreads throughout the body and may infect many body organs.

The usual source of infection is the soil and is most commonly found in the warm, moist environments of the Ohio and Mississippi River valleys and the Southeastern U.S. There is no treatment of the soil to rid the fungus from the area.

Common signs of Blastomycosis include fever, depression, weight loss, and loss of appetite. Many cases have draining skin wounds. Coughing and other signs of respiratory infection may or may not occur. Blindness can result from the infection when the eyes are infected. Other signs may include lameness, seizures, enlarged lymph nodes, and testicular inflammation.

DIAGNOSIS requires laboratory microscopic examination of fluids and/or tissues. If draining skin lesions are present, the diagnosis can often be made in the office during the initial visit by examination of the wound exudate. Chest X-rays are also useful in diagnosis.

A blood test is also available to determine potential exposure. A diagnosis by this method may require a repeated test 3-4 weeks after the initial test.

TREATMENT is available but not always successful if the pet is not presented for treatment until the later stages of the disease. Treatment of this disease may require months of therapy and is quite expensive. There is no way to accurately determine if treatment will be successful. The first 24-72 hours after treatment is begun is the most critical. Death may occur from respiratory distress caused by the inflammation resulting from large numbers of the organism dying when treatment is begun.

Relapses are more common when the disease affects the nervous system and/or the eyes. Castration may be required in male dogs to remove a potential source of re-infection. Treatment of infected eyes usually is surgical removal, again to remove a major source of re-infection of the rest of the body.

HUMAN RISK. The disease is not thought to be infectious to other animals or people once it is in the pet’s body. Therefore isolation of the pet is not necessary. The true risk for other pets & people comes from sharing the same environment (allowing contact with the same soil). We recommend your personal physician be notified once Blastomycosis has been diagnosed in your pet for his/her human health recommendations. Humans falling into the category of having known immuno suppression would be the most vulnerable to the disease. This group might include infants, small children, transplant patients, chemotherapy patients, elderly family members, HIV/AIDS positive. Strict hygiene should be followed when handling pets with draining skin wounds. Thorough hand washing is recommended after handling the pet.

For more information contact your local animal hospital or veterinarian.

www.missionvet.com

http://www.missionvet.com/k9%20conditions/Blastomycosis.htm