VISAKHAPATNAM

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Visakhapatnam
విశాఖపట్టణం

Seal

Coordinates: 17°42′N 83°15′E / 17.7°N 83.25°E

State

Andhra Pradesh

District

Visakhapatnam

Settled

273-232 BCE

Government

- Type

Municipal corporation

- Governing body

Greater Municipal corporation of Visakhapatnam

- Executive Wing

Sreedhar

- Delibrative Wing

Pulusu Janardhana Rao

Area

- Land

208.5 sq mi (540 km²)

Elevation

16 ft (5 m)

Population (2001)

- City

969.608

- Density

6,884.2/sq mi (2,658/km²)

- Metro

1.329.472

Time zone

IST (UTC+5:30)

Website

http://www.visakhapatnammunicipalcorporation.org

Visakhapatanam

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Visakhapattanamu, shortened and anglicised: Visakha/Vizag or Vizagapatam/Vizag City) is a coastal, port city, often called "The Jewel of the East Coast", situated in the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh, located on the eastern shore of India, nestled among the hills of the Eastern Ghats and facing the Bay of Bengal to the east. It is the administrative headquarters of Visakhapatnam District and is also home of the Eastern Naval Command of the Indian Navy.

Overview

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The city of destiny

Aerial view of Visakhapatnam port

Visakhapatnam is the second largest city of Andhra Pradesh with an area of 550 km², it is primarily an industrial city, apart from being a tourist destination. It is known for its unspoilt beaches, nearby scenic Araku Valley and Borra caves, the 11th-century Simhachalam temple and ancient Buddhist sites like Thotlakonda and Bavikonda spread across the area. Kailasagiri is the best evening destination for vizagites. It gives a beautiful view of the vizag, the sea and the mountains.All these make vizag the beautiful city.
Alternatively, the city sometimes goes by its now mostly defunct colonial British name, Waltair. During the colonial era, the city's hub was located at the Waltair railway station, and that part of the city still goes by the name of Waltair. It is sometimes also referred to as the "City of Destiny".

The city is home to several state owned heavy industries, one of the most advanced steel plants and has one of the country's largest ports and its oldest shipyard. It has the only natural harbour on the eastern coast of India.

Name and history

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3rd century BC Buddhist ruins of Thotlakonda

The city is said to have derived its name Visakhapatnam from the deity Visakha' (the God of Valour); Patnam is the Telugu word for city.

Visakhapatnam or the place of Visakha, is named after the deity of valor, the second son of Lord Shiva. The other story is that the beauty of the place was compared to the beauty of Sakhi Visakha. The legend is that Radha and Visakha were born on the same day and equally beautiful. The city people believe that an Andhra king, impressed by the beauty, built a temple to pay obeisance to his family deity, Visakha.

The epic city

The city has been mentioned in the Indian epics Rāmāyaṇa and Mahābhārata, as well as the forests of the Eastern Ghats where the two brothers Rama and Lakshmana wandered in search of Sita, wife of Lord Rama. According to the epics, Rama formed his army of monkey men in the region with the help of Hanuman and Jambavan. The monkey army of Rama later defeated the demon King Ravana to claim back his wife Sita. An episode of Mahābhārata when Bheema killed the demon Bakasura, was believed to have happened in the village Uppalam, just 25 miles from the city.

Buddhist influence

The religious Hindu texts mention that the region of Visakhapatnam in the 5th century BC was part of the vast Kalinga territory which extended up to the Godavari River. The relics found in the area also prove the existence of a Buddhist empire in the region. Kalinga later lost the territory to King Ashoka in the bloodiest battle of the time which prompted him to embrace Buddhism.

Later history

The territory of Viskahapatnam then came under the Andhra rulers of Vengi. Then Chalukyas, Pallavas, and the Reddy kings ruled over the placid land. The Chola kings built the temples in the city in 11-12 century AD as established by archeological findings. The Mughals ruled this area under the Hyderabad Nizam in the late 15th and early 16th century. European merchants from France, Holland and the East India Company used this natural port to export tobacco, ivory, muslin and other textile products.

Local legend states that an Andhra king while on his way to Benares, rested there and was so enchanted with the sheer beauty of the place, that he ordered a temple to be built in honor of his family deity, Visakha. Archaeological sources however reveal that the temple was possibly built between the 11th and 12th centuries by the Cholas. A shipping merchant, Sankarayya Chetty, built one of the mandapams (pillared halls) of the temple. Although it no longer exists (it may have been washed away about a hundred years ago by a cyclonic storm), elderly residents of Vizag talk of visits to the ancient shrine by their grandparents. Noted author Ganapatiraju Atchuta Rama Raju contradicted this.

In the 18th century, Visakhapatnam was part of the Northern Circars, a region comprising Coastal Andhra and southern costal Orissa that was initially under French control and later the British. Visakhapatnam became a district in the Madras Presidency of British India. in September 1804, British and French squadrons fought the naval Battle of Vizagapatam off the harbour. After India's independence it was the biggest district in the country and was subsequently divided into the three districts of Srikakulam, Vizianagaram and Visakhapatnam.

The city also has the tomb of the muslim saint Syed Ali Ishak Madina, located atop the dargah-hill near the harbor in old city, which is dated way back to 18th century, where hindus make vows at it as often as Muslims. The saint is considered to be all potent over the elements in the Bay of Bengal. Many old residents say that every vessel passing the harbour inwards or outwards used to salute the saint by hoisting and lowering its flag three times, and that many ship-owners offer chadar at the shrine after a successful voyage.

It is also called as Vizag.

The city

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The City overlooking the Beach Road

From being a small fishing village in the twentieth century, Visakhapatnam has grown into an industrial hub. Its saga began with the quest of the British to find a suitable port that could serve the hinterland possessing rich mineral wealth. Unlike the western coast of India, the east coast has few undulations to form a natural harbour. Their quest ended with Vizag, the most protected natural harbour in Asia. They started building the harbour in 1927 and in 1933 it was opened to traffic. One more important milestone is the setting up of the Scindia Steam Navigation Co., later known as Hindustan Shipyard Ltd in 1940. With the construction of the K.K. line connecting the iron ore mines of Bailadila in M.P. (present day Chattisgarh), its importance grew. In the 1950s and 1960s the government and the private sector set up large scale basic industries like Bharat Heavy Plates and Vessels (B.H.P.V.), Hindustan Zinc Ltd., Caltex oil refinery (later acquired by government as H.P.C.L.), Coromandel fertilizers, and Andhra Polymers (now LG Polymers). The 1980s saw a major development with the development of the Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and other major industries. Economic liberalization in the 1990s brought a modest growth to the city but not as much as it did to Hyderabad. However, some industries sprang up like Rain Calcining Ltd., expansion of HPCL, setting up of Vizag Export Processing Zone, and the Simhadri Thermal Power plant of N.T.P.C. Visakhapatnam was declared one of ten fastest growing cities of the world in a recent study conducted by the United Nations.

Ramakrishna Mission Near RK Beach

Due to the presence of the Eastern Naval Command, Steel Plant and H.P.C.L., the city has been the home to people from different parts of the country and due to this the city has a cosmopolitan nature.

Hotel The Gateway Hotel

The city's main commercial and shopping centres are located in the Dwarakanagar-R.T.C. complex area and Jagadamda Junction area. Since 2000, the Dwarakanagar-R.T.C. complex area has transformed into a commercial hub with new shopping malls and complexes spring up within a radius of 2-3 kilometers. The city is home to many five star hotels such as Taj group, ITC-WelcomGroup and Park Hotels.
There has been a rise in the real estate prices attributed to the Telangana movement for a separate Telangana state, fuelling speculation that Visakhapatnam will become the next capital. Recently various large and small software and BPO companies have announced plans for starting development and outsourcing centres in Vizag, which has also contributed to the rise in real estate prices. Inflows from Non-resident Indians (NRIs) from Vizag have further added to this rise.
Indira Gandhi Zoological Park was set up in 1972 in the city outskirts. The Zoo Park features some of the rarest species in India.

Strategic importance

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The carrier INS Viraat during the President's Fleet Review held in 2006. It was the first time a fleet review was held outside Bombay.

Many battles have been fought in the city during such conflicts as World War II, the Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 and the Bangladesh Liberation War. It was only the second region in South Asia to be attacked by Japanese fighter planes during World War II. Recognising the strategic importance of the city and the role it played during the Bangladesh Liberation War, Pakistan sent its submarine, PNS Ghazi to destroy India's only aircraft carrier. The submarine sank off the coast (Pakistan claims, accidentally hitting one of the mines it laid; India claims, from a depth-charge dropped by the destroyer INS Rajput). The remnants of the submarine are on display on the beach road.

Visakhapatnam is naturally locked with sea and mountains;

Victory at Sea 1971 commemorating victory over Pakistan

The city was so important during times of war that the Indian government decided to set up the Eastern Naval Command, overlooking the more populous Madras and Calcutta, and developed Vizag during that period. The establishment of the E.N.C. soon after the construction of the ship building yard firmly secured Vizag's place in the annals of the Indian Navy. More defence related establishments would later come up including the N.S.T.L. (Naval Science and Technology Laboratories), which is responsible for the development and testing of warship technology, equipment and weapons. The Navy is also constructing a second base as the current base is overpopulated and not sufficient to meet the needs of the E.N.C. Despite its importance, the Naval establishment has become a hindrance for the development of Visakhapatnam. The harbour is not open to the general public for reasons of security, while in Bombay and Cochin, the entire port along with Naval docks are opened for boating and tourism.

The famous submarine museum near "Victory At Sea", Visakhapatnam

Visakhapatnam is surrounded on three sides by the overlapping mountain ranges, and the southeastern city is safeguarded by the Bay of Bengal. Vizag is far away from any international border, both land and sea, making it the choice for strategic placement of the headquarters of the eastern naval command.

Language

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Visakhapatnam is predominantly a Telugu speaking city. The Telugu spoken by the middle classes is a standard dialect, while a significant population who have settled down in the city from the adjoining villages and neighbouring districts of East Godavari, Vizianagaram and Srikakulam speak Uttarandhra (North Coastal) Mandalikam dialects. Historians believe that centuries ago, when Uttarandhra was part of the KalingaEmpire, Buddhist missionaries and merchants might have taken Telugu (Derived from Brahmi script) script to Southeast Asia from the shores of Uttarandhra where it parented into the scripts of Mon, Burmese, Thai, Khmer, Siam, Javanese and Balinese languages and even Sinhala of Sri Lanka. Their similarities to Telugu script can be discerned even today.
Visakhapatnam is home to a small Oriya, Maharashtrians,Bengali and Malayalee communities; their migration is of recent origin. Due to the Naval presence and high concentration of public sector industries, Visakhapatnam has a significant Hindi speaking population.

Climate

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The climate of Visakhapatnam has no appreciable seasonal changes. Being close to the sea, the level of humidity is high. The fluctuations in temperature are fairly uniform in character, except during the dry months when the rise in temperature is higher than it is during the monsoon period. From February onwards, the temperature rises progressively till May, which is the hottest month. From 1931-60 the maximum average (Mean) temperature was 34 °C. This has been showing an upward trend with the minimum and maximum for the period of 1975-81 being reported as 38 °C and 29 °C, respectively. In recent years, it has not been uncommon for the daytime temperature to exceed 43 °C during May. December, January are the coldest period of the year.

Weather averages for Visakhapatnam, AP
Month	Jan	Feb	Mar	Apr	May	Jun	Jul	Aug	Sep	Oct	Nov	Dec
Average high °C	25	31	34	35	36	35	33	33	33	33	32	29
Average low °C	18	21	23	26	28	28	26	26	26	24	22	19
Precipitation mm	12.0	12.0	17.0	39.0	48.0	103.0	133.0	169.0	160.0	179.0	79.0	4.0
Average high °F	84	88	93	95	98	96	92	91	91	90	87	85
Average low °F	65	69	74	79	82	82	80	79	79	76	72	67
Precipitation inches	0.47	0.47	0.67	1.54	1.89	4.06	5.24	6.65	6.30	7.06	3.11	0.16
Source: www.wunderground.com 2008-03-24

The average annual rainfall for the city and its surrounding area is of the order of 95 centimeters with the bulk of the rain coming from the north-east monsoon. Between September and November, storms and depressions originating in the Bay of Bengal cross the east coast in the neighbourhood causing heavy rains and gales. As per Thornthwaite’s classification, Visakhapatnam and its environs come under the semi–arid (D) category. All the elements of climate viz. temperature, pressure, wind, rainfall, relative humidity and other weather phenomena hardly exist and exhibit a well-marked variation while January is the coolest month of the year with average temperatures of 30 °C and 22.5 °C respectively.

Educational facilities

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Andhra university, college of engineering.

Visakhapatnam is considered a centre for education in the state of Andhra Pradesh. There are several primary, high school and college level institutions in the city. Apart from state-run schools for the poor, there are many private institutions, missionary schools and colleges. Established in 1878, A.V.N. College is one of the city's oldest educational institutions. is also the home of Andhra University which was established in 1926. Sarvepalli Radha Krishna, before he became the President of India, worked as the Vice Chancellor of the University between 1931 and 1936. The University and its affiliated colleges provide education to thousands of students from the entire state. Post Graduate and Graduate courses are offered in various branches like Arts, Commerce, Science & Technology, Engineering, IT, Business Management, Law and Pharmacy. The AU college of Pharmacy is the second oldest pharmacology institute in India. The university is in the process of obtaining IIEST status and there is also a proposal for setting up an IIM at Visakhapatnam. Other institutions of higher education include Andhra Medical College, established in 1902 and the home of various teaching hospitals, A.V.N. College, one of the city's oldest educational institutions, the Gandhi Institute of Technology and Management (GITAM), which recently attained the status of an autonomous university, Gayatri Vidya Parishad College of Engineering, and the Pydah College of Engineering and Technology.

GITAM University, Sir Sarvepalli Radhakrishna central library

St. Aloysius Anglo Indian High School is the oldest school in the district and one of the oldest schools in the country. It was established in 1847 and is located in the old town region. Pollocks School, Kotak Salesian School, Kendriya Vidyalaya, S.F.S, Sri Krishna Vidya Mandir (situated in Dwarakanagar), Sri Sathya Sai Vidya Vihar, Siva Sivani, Little Angels, Timpany and Visakha valley are other schools in the area. The city has around 10 Kendriya Vidyalaya's with total student strength of 18000. Timpany School, Visakha Valley School rank amongst the top schools in Andhra Pradesh. School has three branches - one affiliated to ICSE and the other two to CBSE. Visakha Valley and Sri Krishna Vidya Mandir are affiliated to CBSE.
The International Science Congress (I.S.C.) was hosted by Andhra University in 1976 and again in 2008. It is the largest congregation of scientists from different disciplines in the world. Over 8000 people participated in the I.S.C. in 2008, including prominent Nobel Prize winners from around the world.

Economy

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Visakhapatnam Port.

Visakhapatnam Outer Harbour

Megadri River Channel that connects Outer Harour of Visakhapatnam Port with Inner Harbour

HPCL Petro-Chemical Complex

Satyam Development Center

Naval warship

Hindustan Shipyard Ltd Visakhapatnam

Fishermen in Visakhapatnam.

From being a tiny hamlet of local fishing communities during the early days of the Indian Independence Struggle and for a few decades later, the city exploded economically, in fact the rise has been so dramatic that the city was identified as one of the ten fastest growing cities in the world economically and demographically. Various factors contributed to the city's growth economically, including the natural harbor, its location between Madras and Calcutta, access to the NH5 (a major National Expressway) and the developed nework of railways which metamorphosed the village into a burgeoning industrial city.
The city has developed into a hub for many heavy industries. The Visakhapatnam Port, the largest in the country, was the ideal gateway contributing to the development of petroleum, steel and fertilizer industries. The Visakhapatnam Steel Plant and the Hindustan Petroleum Corporation Ltd. were the two multi-billion dollar investments which put Vizag on the country's industrial map. The city also has two N.T.P.C. power plants to satisfy the huge power needs of the industries. Visakhapatnam also houses the headquarters of the Dredging corporation of India.
Other heavy industries include Hindustan Zinc Limited, Synergies Castings Ltd., Rain Calcining Limited, Coromandel Fertilizers, Hindustan Ship Yard and Bharat Heavy Plate and Vessels Limited (B.H.P.V.). These industries provide employment to hundreds of thousands of people and pump billions of dollars into the state's economy.
The city also owes its economic growth to the availability of an educated English-speaking workforce. English is the first language in many places of higher education in the city. This availability of a highly educated workforce allowed the entry of many B.P.O. companies such as HSBC, thus providing the roots for the beginning IT/ITES industry in the city. The city registered over 100% growth in the I.T. sector over the last year, contributing millions of dollars to the economy. The city has around 50 small and medium software and call centre units, of which about 10 units started their operations during the year 2005-07. Software exports from the Visakhapatnam in 2007 were worth Rs. 245 crores - an increase of over 100% over the previous year. Various national and international I.T. and banking giants have set up or will be setting up offices in the city. These include Satyam, TCS, HSBC, Cognizant, Oracle Corporation, ABN AMRO, Patni, Hexaware Solutions, iSOFT, Sankhya Technologies, Infosys, iFlex, HCL, EDS, Datasoft Comnet Pvt. Ltd., Sutherland Global Services and Kanbay. The Andhra Pradesh government provided infrastructure and land for these companies to set up their development centers in the city outskirts.
Also, there are many Vizag-based SME's that have been providing IT and ITES services such as Xinthe Technologies, NuNet Technologies, Symbiosis Technologies, Sankhya Technologies, Patra, Acclaris, Samudra Software, etc. Many of these companies have formed an association called VITA (Visakhapatnam Information Technology Association) to help promote IT in Vizag as well as bridge the Industry-Institution gap.
To help companies in and around Visakhapatnam build their human capital, companies like IndiGenius have been providing Human Resource (HR) consulting services such as recruitment, temporary staffing and training.
The growing population and economy have resulted in the revamping of the real estate prices with prices at some prime locations in the city quadrupling over the past couple of years. Various real estate companies are setting up housing projects in the outskirts of the city which is being touted as the future I.T. destination of the country. Multiple Special Economic Zones (SEZ) have been sanctioned for the city. Reliance, Brandix and HPCL have purchased huge areas in the SEZ for setting up their industries. Bhabha Atomic Research Center (BARC) plans to set up it's second research facility in the country after Trombay in this region. The city was one of the five in the country selected to hold strategic crude reserves for the nation in times of national emergency.
The fishing industry is also on the rise with both foreign and domestic exports of tuna doubling over the past decade. A second port is being constructed at Gangavaram with an investment of 2 billion dollars which when completed will be the deepest port in the country with the ability to handle the larger international vessels.
Its traditional importance in shipbuilding is confirmed by the fact that India's first ship, the "Jala Usha", was launched in Visakhapatnam. Visakhapatnam is also one of India's main fishing ports, has a dedicated harbour for the fishing industry and handles a large percentage of India's seafood exports.
The Vizag Special Economic Zone plays a vital role in the industrial growth of the city. The Bhabha Atomic Research Centre has also expressed interest in setting up a nuclear power plant here.
The Andhra Pradesh Industrial Infrastructure Corporation (APIIC) has awarded the bid to construct a Knowledge City to Unitech Limited in an area of 1750 acres, with an investment of Rs. 35 thousand crore.

Tourism

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Visakhapatnam has a range of tourist attractions including beaches, cliffs, parks on the hill top facing the sea, long drives along the beautiful beach road, a zoological park and wildlife sanctuary, a submarine museum, hill stations, limestone caves, mountain ranges and colourful valleys, all within a distance of 100 km from the city. There are two 5-star hotels, The Taj and The Park, and a full range of other accommodation
Kailashagiri is a park developed by VUDA on a hill top adjacent to the sea offers views of the Bay of Bengal, Vizag city and the Eastern Ghats. A rope way connects this park from the bottom of the hill.
The Beach road from East point colony to Coastal battery is studded with parks, statues, etc, is a favorite evening gathering point. Along the road can be found India's only submarine museum, INS Kursura, as well as the Visakha museum and Matsyadarsini (an aquarium). VUDA park, at the beginning of the Beach Road, has a musical fountain, and entertainment for children. It has a roller skating ground, which has served as the venue for several national and international skating competitions.
Rushikonda beach, 6 km away from Vizag city, has become a favorite evening spot. Bhimili-Vizag beach Road, 30 km in length offers one of the best views of the sea, sand, hills and greenery. Many parks are constructed adjacent to this road. Tenneti park beach park is a park constructed on the cliff of Kailashagiri. There are several points from which the beautiful rocky beach down beneath can be seen. Many Telugu, Tamil and Hindi movies were filmed here.

Church on Ross Hill

Simhachalam Temple

Ross Hill, adjacent to the Inner Harbour, was named after Mr. Ross, who built a house on it in 1864. Darga konda, has a mosque and a shrine of a Muslim sage Ishaque Madina, who was revered for his prophecies. Sri Venkateswarakonda has a temple, which was built by Capt. Blackmoor in 1886.
Simhachalam is a hill shrine 16 km north of the city. The beautifully-carved 16-pillared Natya mantapa and the 96-pillared Kalyana mantapa are highlights at the Simhachalam temple.
Indira Gandhi Zoological Park: Indira Gandhi Zoological Park, situated in between the National Highway -5 & Beach road, spreading over an area of 625 acres, exhibits about 700 animals belonging to about 89 species.
Outside the city, 112 km from Visakhapatnam, Araku Valley is an important tourist destination. It is a pleasant hill station at an elevation of over 3200ft. famous for its scenic gardens, valleys, waterfalls and streams.

Buddhists sites

Buddhist stupa at BojjannaKonda

Thotlakonda

Visakhapatnam is surrounded by ancient Buddhist sites, most of which have been excavated recently. The imprint of Buddhist legacy is so strong here that the interest of archeologists in this area is growing by the day.
The Buddhist Complex on the hill-top of Mangamaripeta, locally known as Thotlakonda lies about 16 km from Visakhapatnam on Vizag Bheemili Beach Road. After its discovery (during an aerial survey), the Government of A.P declared the 120 acre site as a protected monument in 1978. The excavations in 1988 to 1992 exposed structural remains and artifacts, classified as A) Religious, B) Secular and C) Civil. These structures include the Stupa, Chaityagrihas, pillared congregation halls, bhandagaras, refectory (bhojanasala), drainage and stone pathways.
Bavikonda is an important Buddhist heritage site located on a hill about 15km, northeast from Visakhapatnam city. Here the Buddhist habitation is noticed on a 40 acres flat terraced area. The Hinayana school of Buddhism was practiced at the monastery between the 3rd Century B.C., and the 3rd Century A.D. Bavikonda has remains of an entire Buddhist complex, comprising 26 structures belonging to three phases. A piece of bone stored in an urn recovered here is believed to belong to the mortal remains of the Buddha.
In 1907 a British archaeologist, Alexander Rea, unearthed Sankaram, a 2000-year-old Buddhist Heritage site. Located 40 km from South of Vizag, it is known locally as Bojjannakonda. The three phases of Buddhism flourished here, viz. Hinayana, Mahayana & Vajrayana. This complex is famous for its numerous Monolithic Votive Stupas, Rock cut caves, and brick build structural edifices. Excavations yielded several historic potteries and Satavahana coins dating back to the 1st century A.D. Similarly at Lingalakonda, there are innumerable rock-cut monolithic stupas in rows spread all over the hill. The Vihara was active for about 1000 years, spanning the Theravada, Mahayana and Vajrayana phases of Buddhism.
Pavuralakonda or 'the hill of the pigeons' is a hillock lying to the west of Bhimli, at about 24 km from Vizag. The Buddhist settlement found here is estimated to have witnessed human habitation between 1st century BC to 2nd century AD. Sixteen rock cut cisterns for impounding rain water are found on the hillock, which offer a panoramic view of the coastline.
Gopalapatnam, situated on the left bank of River Tandava, is a village surrounded by brick built stupas, viharas and other Buddhist remains. Ancient pottery was also excavated from these sites.

Notable residents

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Srirangam Srinivasa Rao (Sri Sri) - poet
Alluri Sita Rama Raju - revolutionary
Tenneti Viswanadham - revolutionary
Dr. C.V. Raman - physicist
Dr. Sarvepalli Radha Krishnan - Vice-Chancellor of Andhra University
Dr MVVS Murthi Ex MP,President GITAM University
Gollapudi Maruthi Rao - film actor, writer
Subhaleka Sudhakar - film actor
Sobha Naidu - Padma Shri winner, classical dancer
Gouthami - film actress
Rajashri - Film Writer & Guru in Dubbing who also named as "Anuvada Chitra Chakravarthi"

Timeline of Visakhapatnam's history

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260 BCE: Ashoka conquered the Kalinga empire (of which Visakhapatnam was a part).
208: Chandra Sri Satakarni was king of this region.
11th century: Simhachalam Temple built by Kulottunga I.
13th century: Simhachalam Temple renovated and made southern imperial centre by the Ganga king Narasimha I of Orissa.
1515: Krishna Deva Raya was ruler of the area comprising Visakhapatnam.
Mid-17th century: A factory was founded in "Vizagapatam" by the British East India Company.
1689: The British factory was occupied by the forces of Aurangzeb.
1735: Dutch Colony was established.
1765: The territory of the Northern Circars, of which Visakhapatnam was a part, ceded to the British East India Company by the Nizam of Hyderabad. Following this, a British colony was established.
1847: St. Aloysius High School was established; it is one of the oldest schools in India.
1881: The title of Raja was conferred upon Sri Goday Narayana Gajapathi Rao, Zamindar of Anakapalle and other estates
1893 : The St Joseph's Girls High School and Convent was established by the sisters of Annessey, France.It is the second oldest school in vizag.
1904: Railway from Madras to Calcutta, passing through Vizagapatam, was opened.
1902 : Andhra Medical College was founded by Maharaja Goday Narayana Gajapati Rao and Maharani Lady Goday Chittijanakiammah.
1921 (14 September) - Arrest of the revolutionary Maulana Mohammad Ali at the Waltair (now Visakhapatnam) railway station while journeying to to Madras with Mahatma Gandhi. In the evening a public meeting was held on the beach where loads of foreign clothes were burnt. Umar Alisha, a Telugu poet, made a fiery speech against Ali's arrest.
1926: Andhra University established.
1931: Timpany School established.
1933: Visakhapatnam Port established.
1942: Japanese war planes attack Visakhapatnam.
1947: Eastern Naval Command established its base here. Before 1947 the Royal Navy had a base in HMIS Sircars.
1949: Scindia Shipyard started. Later nationalised and called Hindustan Shipyard.
1953: The Boat Repair Shop expanded into a Base Repair Organisation (BRO) and shifted to the location at the mouth of the northwest channel.
1957: A petroleum refinery by Caltex, currently owned by HPCL.
1965: Two survey ships, Jumna and Investigator, were permanently rebased at Visakhapatnam.
1968: Visakha Valley School established.
1971: INS Rajput of the Indian Navy destroys the Pakistani submarine Ghazi in the Indo-Pakistan War off the coast of Visakhapatnam.
1977: Indira Gandhi Zoological Park established near Madhurawada.
1981: Visakhapatnam Steel Plant construction started.
1989: VSEZ formerly known as VEPZ was established.
1990: Visakhapatnam Steel Plant started its operations.
1997: September 14 - A blast in HPCL with an official death toll of 22.