Vitamin B6 is a coenzyme for several enzyme systems. Pyridoxine is required for the balancing of hormonal changes in women as well as assisting the immune system and the growth of new cells.

Vitamin B6 is not toxic when supplied by food in the diet.
Pantothenic acid supplements usually contain calcium pantothenate in tablets or capsules. Just as there’s no RDA for pantothenic acid, there’s no real overdose level.

Supplemental forms are usually in the form of pyridoxine hydrochloride. The upper limit for adults set by the Institute of Medicine is 100 mg; 100 mg per day is certainly a safe limit, well below the level that might bring on neurological problems.

Supplementation should be controlled as extreme dosage, such as in excess of 2,000 mg per day, may cause neurological damage.

Potential Pyridoxine toxicity symptoms

People on medication for Parkinson’s disease should be careful about taking Vitamin B6 as it can inactivate levodopa.
People taking pyridoxine late at night sometimes experience very vivid dreams.

Vitamin B6 can cause neurological disorders, such as loss of sensation in legs and imbalance, when taken in high doses (200 mg or more per day) over a long period of time.

Pyridoxine toxicity can damage sensory nerves, leading to numbness in the hands and feet as well as difficulty walking.

Symptoms of a pyridoxine overdose may include poor coordination, staggering, numbness, decreased sensation to touch, temperature, and vibration; and tiredness.

Some pantothenic acid is found in almost every food. Good sources are organ meats, salmon, eggs, beans, milk, and whole grains.

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Pantothenic acid, in the form of coenzyme A, is needed for the synthesis of cholesterol and the synthesis of steroid hormones such as melatonin.
Most vitamins and minerals have established RDAs, guidelines that tell you the amount you need for basic good health. Pantothenic acid is an exception. It’s the first (but not the last) supplement without an RDA.
Some pantothenic acid is found in just about every food you eat, animal or vegetable

It is easily eliminated in the urine.
Oral contraceptives may increase the need for pantothenic acid. Supplements are usually in the form of pantothenol, a stable form of the vitamin. Supplements are also made from calcium and sodium D-pantothenate. The panthene form of pantothenic acid is a cholesterol-lowering drug used only under expert supervision.

Possible Vitamin B5 toxicity symptoms

It doesn’t appear to be toxic in large dosage, although diarrhea, digestive disturbances and water retention have been reported on dosage exceeding 10 g a day.
Taking 1,500 mg a day over an extended period may cause sensitivity to the teeth.

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Niacin is not toxic when achieved through food. The niacinamide (nicotinamide) form of niacin has not been found to be bothersome when taken in amounts less than 2000 mg per day.
The niacinamide (nicotinamide) form of niacin has not been found to be bothersome when taken in amounts less than 2000 mg per day. Decreased insulin sensitivity and liver toxicity can result from daily amounts over 2000 mg. However, niacin in the form of nicotinic acid can cause “niacin flush” in amounts as low as 35 mg. Nicotinic acid can dilate the capillaries, causing a brief tingling and flushing of the skin.

Liver damage and aggravation of diabetes are possible dangers of such over doses. Patients with of liver disease or abnormal liver function, diabetes, peptic ulcers, gout, cardiac arrhythmias, inflammatory bowel disease, migraine headaches, or alcoholism are more susceptible to the adverse effects of excessive nicotinic acid intake. Doses of 3000 mg or more per day are potentially dangerous therapies and must be supervised.

High dosages can also cause itching, elevated blood glucose, peptic ulcers and liver damage.

Niacin (nicotinic acid) in large amounts is sometimes used to lower LDL cholesterol and triglyceride levels and to increase HDL cholesterol levels. Symptoms may include flushing and, rarely, hepatotoxicity.
The best way to avoid flushing may be to avoid nicotinic acid and take niacin in the form of inositol hexaniacinate (IHN). Doctors in Europe have been prescribing IHN for more than 30 years, but it’s only become available in the United States recently. IHN works on cholesterol just as well as nicotinic acid, but without the side effects. If you’d like to try IHN, talk to your doctor.

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Vitamin B2 (also called as riboflavin) is part of the B-complex group of vitamins. Riboflavin is produced in the body by the intestinal flora and is easily absorbed, although very small quantities are stored, so there is a constant need for this vitamin.

Vitamin B2 is required by the body to use oxygen and the metabolism of amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates. Vitamin B2 is also needed to activate vitamin B6 (pyridoxine), aids to create niacin and assists the adrenal gland. It may be used for red blood cell formation, antibody production, cell respiration, and growth.

The limited capacity to absorb orally administered riboflavin precludes its potential for harm. Riboflavin intake of many times the RDA is without demonstrable toxicity.
A normal yellow discoloration of the urine is seen with an increased intake of this vitamin – but it is normal and harmless.

Potential symptoms of Riboflavin overdose

There is no known toxicity to Vitamin B2. Because Vitamin B2 is a water-soluble vitamin, excess amounts are easily excreted by the body in the urine.

Potential side effects of very high doses may include: itching, numbness, burning or prickling sensations, and sensitivity to light. Excess riboflavin excreted in the urine causes it to become bright yellow in color, which many people notice when they take B vitamin supplements.

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Researches reported that the K3 or menadione can be toxic. In fact, the FDA has banned this synthetic vitamin K from supplements.

Currently there is no upper limit for vitamin K. There is no known toxicity with high doses of vitamin K1 or vitamin K2. One form of vitamin K, menadione (vitamin K3), is no longer used for vitamin K deficiency treatment because it may interact with glutathione, an important antioxidant.

Signs of Vitamin K toxicity

• Excess of dose could cause excessive clotting as vitamin K helps to form clots that protect from profuse bleeding. Blood clot formation, or thrombosis, is a symptom of vitamin K toxicity.

• Kidney Tubal Degeneration is another serious symptoms;
  If the kidneys are not functioning properly and cannot process high levels of vitamin K, it may be retained and cause K toxicity. This can lead to kidney damage, especially to the cells lining the urinary tubes.

• Hemolytic Anemia in Infants;

Newborns have very little vitamin K in their bodies at birth. This is a danger, as any significant bleeding could cause life-threatening effects.

Best source of Vitamin K is natural food. You can easily get it from all the dark-green leafy vegetables, like kale, broccoli, and cabbage, are good choices. Strawberries are also good. Some animal foods, including egg yolks and liver, have small amounts of Vitamin K.

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Vitamin E is not toxic, but, in extreme large doses, it may impair blood clotting. The tolerable upper intake level (UL) for natural alpha-tocopherol is 1000 mg per day, about sixty-six times the RDA.

Some general practitioners recommend to stop consumption of vitamin E supplementation before surgery to decrease any risk of excess bleeding.

Premature infants are very sensitive to alpha-tocopherol supplements.
The UL for infants under one year has not been established, so supplementation of vitamin E in infants should only be attempted under the close supervision of a pediatrician.
People should not take vitamin E supplements it they take anticoagulant drugs.
People with vitamin K deficiency in diet should also avoid vitamin E supplementation to avoid the possibility of excess bleeding.

Vitamin E toxicity symptoms

Symptoms of extreme high levels of Vitamin E include: nausea, gastric problems, abdominal cramping, frequent loose stool, headache, lethargy, easy skin bruising, and prolonged bleeding.

Being a principal fat-soluble antioxidant, vitamin E is needed by every cell and artery.
Most beneficial consumption of Vitamin E is obtaining E from food.

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Vitamin D toxicity is identified as hypervitaminosis D. Toxic levels of vitamin D can cause abnormally high blood calcium levels. This can result in bone loss and kidney stones. Long-term overconsumption of vitamin D can cause calcification of organs such as the heart, blood vessels, and the kidneys.
Vitamin D toxicity is impossible in healthy adults with supplement levels lower than 10,000 IU/day. The Food and Nutrition Board has established a very conservative tolerable upper intake level (UL) of 2,000 IU/day (50 mcg/day) for children and adults. The UL for infants up to one year of age is 1000 IU.

Symptoms of Vitamin D overdose

An excessive level of vitamin D occurs as a result of supplement overdose.
Having too much vitamin D in your system could leave a too elevated calcium level, a lower appetite, increased thirst, nausea, vomiting, drowsiness, abdominal pain. A long-term effect of too much vitamin D is the deposit of calcium in soft tissues of the body including the blood vessel walls and kidneys where it can cause serious damage.

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Vitamin C is one of the least toxic substances used in supplements. Vitamin C is a water-soluble vitamin. Vitamin C toxic levels are not built up or stored in the body, and any excess is lost mostly through urine.

Even in huge doses of 10 to 20 grams daily, no health problems or side effects were noted, other than gastrointestinal disturbances if ascorbates were not used.

If extremely large amounts are taken gastrointestinal problems may appear, but will normalize when the intake is cut or reduced.

In facts, there has not been reliable data to show that vitamin C has a clear association with kidney stone formation in the human body. This is in spite of the fact that excess vitamin C in the blood does break down to oxalic acid and is getting rid of through the kidneys.

To verify a level where a person might experience discomfort is difficult, since some people can easily stomach up to 25,000 mg per day, while others start having a problem at 600 or 1,000 mg.

In test tube experiments, vitamin C can interrelate with some free metal ions, such as iron, to produce potentially damaging free radicals. However, free metal ions are not generally found in the body. Supplemental vitamin C has not been found to promote these free radicals inside a human body.

Large amounts of vitamin C keep us healthy and protect us from illness in many ways.

Symptoms of Vitamin C overdose

Vitamin C in food has many advantages over synthetic ascorbic acid.
But some people taking mega dose therapy of vitamin C may have side effects such as gastrointestinal complaints including diarrhea, nausea and abdominal cramps.

These symptoms of Vitamin C toxicity normally stop as soon as high potency intake is reduced or stopped.

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Gluten can be found in various kinds of products such as barely, wheat, and rye. If a person who needs to be on a gluten-free food ingests one of these products over a long period of time, they run the risk of damaging the villi in their intestines and could end up becoming malnourished because the nutrients from the food are not being absorbed properly.

Symptoms of Celiac illness

There are more than 300 symptoms for Celiac illness which is why 95% of Celiac patients go undiagnosed or misdiagnosed for years. Some symptoms are: bloating, diarrhea, fatigue, itching skin rash, joint pain, depression, and headdiscomforts. However, some people with Celiac illness will show no symptoms or symptoms at all. This just indicates the undamaged part of their intestines are still absorbing nutrients; however, they are still at risk for the complications of Celiac illness.

Complications of Celiac illness

There are several risk issues associated with Celiac illness, particularly if the illness is left untreated. One risk factor is malnutrition. Even if a person is eating, essential nutrients, like vitamin B-12 could be lost because it is not being absorbed properly, thus leading to vitamin deficiencies and eventually malnutrition.

Another risk factor is loss of calcium and bone density, particularly if one’s symptom is diarrhea, because they are losing an extreme amount of vitamin D. This could lead to rickets in children and osteoporosis in adults, a weakening of the bones, which makes them prone to fractures. It can as well lead to a specific type of kidney stone called an oxolate stone.

Yet another complication to Celiac illness is cancer. Especially if the illness goes untreated or if the patient does not maintain a strict gluten-free food, cancer, particularly in the form of intestinal lymphoma and bowel cancer can occur. Cltimely, a gluten-free food is of utmost importance to someone with Celiac illness.

A Gluten-free food

Though it may seem like there’s no light at the end of the tunnel for someone who has Celiac illness, there actually are a lot of things that a Celiac patient can eat. Certainly, there are a lot of things that they have to avoid, too, but let’s look on the bright side of things and maletion a few of the yummy things that a person with Celiac illness can eat.

Some gluten-free friendly foods: acacia gum, agave, almond nut, beeswax, beans, beta carotene, cane sugar, chocolate liqour, eggs, fresh fish, garbanzo beans, honey, hops, and so much more.l If you go to www.celiac.com there is a list of gluten-free foods to chose from and be used in a variety of recipes.

It certainly is life changing being diagnosed as having Celiac illness, but it doesn’t have to be a total downer. There are abundance of resources online to help a newly diagnosed patient learn about the illness, the foods to avoid, the foods to eat, and support groups to join in order to learn as much about the illness as probable.

Sources

Celiac.com *”Celiac Symptoms” (accessed June 17, 2010)

Here are some of the vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms and risk factors that everyone should be aware of.

Symptoms of a Vitamin B12 Deficiency

It is important to keep in mind that there are many people with a vitamin B12 deficiency who do not even recognize symptoms. Symptoms are often unrecognizable for those who suffer from only a mild case. Others may relate their vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms to other causes.

People with a vitamin B12 deficiency generally feel fatigued, weak, and lightheaded. They may feel sick to their stomach, have diarrhea or constipation, and may lose weight. A vitamin B12 deficiency can also cause pale skin, a sore and red tongue, and bleeding gums. Over time, people who have this deficiency may experience depression, dementia, problems maintaining balance, or a numb, tingling sensation in their toes and fingers.

Who are at Risk Factors of Vitamin B12 Deficiency

Certain people may be more likely to experience vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms than others. The reason is because certain types of diets and medical conditions put a person at a higher risk of a vitamin B12 deficiency than others. Some of the risk factors include:

• Digestive problems - People with digestive problems may be more likely to experience this deficiency because vitamin B12 is absorbed by the stomach. Having Celiac Disease, Crohn’s Disease, a parasite, or small intestine bacterial growth can prevent proper absorption.
• Vegan diet – People who do not eat meat or animal by-products are much more likely to experience vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms. Since their diets do not consist of the primary sources of vitamin B12, it is ideal for them to take a daily supplement.
• Bariatric surgery – Weight loss surgery to remove the stomach or part of the small intestine can prevent vitamin B12 from being properly absorbed.
• Pernicious anemia - This type of anemia causes the body to destroy cells in the stomach which help the body absorb the vitamin.

Anyone who suffers from vitamin B12 deficiency symptoms should take them very seriously. While many people are able to cope with the initial symptoms of a vitamin B12 deficiency, they are not comfortable and worsen over time. A vitamin B12 deficiency can generally be managed by adding sources of vitamin B12 to the diet, taking a multivitamin or, in more severe cases, having regular vitamin B12 injections.
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