Sample Code for Deep and Shallow Cloning ~ Java

2011-10-02T14:03:00.000-07:00

Was just going over deep and shallow cloning a few days back.. thought of retaining the doodling bit of code as a memento .. its unnecessarily lengthy ... could've overriden the tostring method to reduce the length of the system.out.printlns .. but then the sample is just for my reference so dint go through the trouble ... use at ur own fancy and convenience .... anyways, the following is the code:::

public class TestCloning {
public static void main(String[] somestuff) {
System.out.println("<<---------Trying out shallow cloning------>>>");
A a = new A();
A aClone = (A) a.clone();
System.out.println("Original Object items:\n BUilder: "
+ a.getStrBuilder() + "\n BUffer: " + a.getStrBuffer()
+ "\n Printing the clone properties -->\n BUilder: "
+ aClone.getStrBuilder() + "\n BUffer: "
+ aClone.getStrBuffer());
System.out
.println("\n Modifying the builder of original object to \'GUilder\'.....\n");
a.setStrBuilder("GUilder");
System.out
.println("after modfiication Original Object items:\n BUilder: "
+ a.getStrBuilder()
+ "\n BUffer: "
+ a.getStrBuffer()
+ "\n Printing the clone properties -->\n BUilder: "
+ aClone.getStrBuilder()
+ "\n BUffer: "
+ aClone.getStrBuffer());
System.out.println("<<--------End of shallow cloning: ---->>\n");

System.out.println("\n<<-----------Trying out deep cloning------>>");
B b = new B();
B bClone = (B) b.clone();
System.out.println("Original Object items:\n BUilder: "
+ b.getStrBuilder() + "\n BUffer: " + b.getStrBuffer()
+ "\n Printing the clone properties -->\n BUilder: "
+ bClone.getStrBuilder() + "\n BUffer: "
+ bClone.getStrBuffer());
System.out
.println("\n Modifying the builder of original object to \'GUilder\'.....\n");
b.setStrBuilder("GUilder");
System.out
.println("after modfiication Original Object items:\n BUilder: "
+ b.getStrBuilder()
+ "\n BUffer: "
+ b.getStrBuffer()
+ "\n Printing the clone properties -->\n BUilder: "
+ bClone.getStrBuilder()
+ "\n BUffer: "
+ bClone.getStrBuffer());
System.out.println("<<--------------End of Deep cloning: ---->>");

}

}

class A implements Cloneable {
private StringBuilder strBuilder = null;
private StringBuffer strBuffer = null;

A() {
strBuilder = new StringBuilder("Java Builder");
strBuffer = new StringBuffer("Java Buffer");
}

@Override
public A clone() {
try {
return (A) super.clone();
} catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
// TODO Auto-generated catch block
return null;
}
}

public StringBuilder getStrBuilder() {
return strBuilder;
}

public void setStrBuilder(String str) {
this.strBuilder = strBuilder.replace(0, strBuilder.length(), str);
}

public StringBuffer getStrBuffer() {
return strBuffer;
}
}

class B implements Cloneable {
private StringBuilder strBuilder = new StringBuilder("Java Builder");
private StringBuffer strBuffer = new StringBuffer("Java Buffer");

private B(String a, String b) {
this.strBuilder = new StringBuilder(a);
this.strBuffer = new StringBuffer(b);
}

public B() {
// TODO Auto-generated constructor stub
}

@Override
public B clone() {
return new B("Java Builder", "Java Buffer");
}

public StringBuilder getStrBuilder() {
return strBuilder;
}

public void setStrBuilder(String str) {
this.strBuilder = strBuilder.replace(0, strBuilder.length(), str);
}

public StringBuffer getStrBuffer() {
return strBuffer;
}
}

Configure 5.1 Channel Sound on Ubuntu-Karmic Koala (for dummies like me!)

2010-01-09T23:48:00.000-08:00

UPDATE: The following tutorial also helps set up 5.1 channel audio in Ubuntu Maverick Meerkat as well.

Intro

I recently upgraded to the new Karmic Koala after nearly a year of using Intrepid Ibex (with which I had become quite comfy and so I hadn´t upgraded to Jaunty).

A common problem with most of the earlier Ubuntu versions (previous to Karmic Koala) was the setting up of the sound systems with channels more than 2 (or 2.1 for that matter). This was easily solved by adding a couple of lines in the daemon file for pulseaudio and the alsa-base configuration file for ALSA. With the advent of Karmic Koala, this problem was to be fixed with all the sound profiles etc. which would provide an ¨easier-than-windows¨ approach to setting up your sound.

Hmmm, seems great to read, but it lasted only till I heard/read this stuff, ´cause when I setup Karmic Koala, and changed the sound profile to my setup of 5.1 channel sound, Bam!... still no sound from the rear, center and LFE speakers. So, yet again with this version too, I rolled up my sleeves and set out to...

¨Configure 5.1 Channel Speaker system on Karmic Koala¨ ......

Though the article looks long, the steps are really short cos most of the text is for explaining the steps to myself and keep me from forgetting them ;)

Setup 5.1 channel sound in 5.1 steps (a.k.a. cut to the chase, enough with the intro babble!)

1) Take a backup of the files daemon.conf and alsa-base.conf. (In case you mess something up, cos not everyoneś as smart as me.. Most are more! :P)

Daemon.conf is located in the path ¨/etc/pulse/¨

alsa-base.conf is located in ¨/etc/modprobe.d/¨

And yeah, before I move onto the next steps, make sure that you have alsamixer installed in the system

(gtk+ version was found to be more convenient, u can get it from the software center or synaptic or add/remove programs)

2) Open a terminal window and type:

sudo gedit /etc/pulse/daemon.conf

This will open the pulse audio file for editing after you provide your password

Look for the line

;default-sample-channels=2

Remove the ; (this is to uncomment the line) and put the number of speakers which you have after the equals sign and save the file.

In my case, the line looked something like this:

default-sample-channels=6

3) Find the sound card which u have. For that, in the terminal window

cat /proc/asound/card0/codec#* | grep Codec

For me it gave

Codec: Realtek ALC883

4) In the terminal window, type the follwong command:

sudo gedit /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf

This will open the ALSA configuration file for editing after you provide your password.

Go to the end of the file and add the line

options snd-hda-intel model=3stack-6ch

and save the file.

The value entered after the word model is specific to the configuration which I have i.e Realtek ALC883 with 3 jack setup at the back of the cabinet. If you have a different model or configuration of jacks then you might want to look in the list given at the end of the post for whatever value suits your model.

5) Restart your computer.

5.1) After restart, if you find the sound is still not coming from all your speakers, then open the alsa mixer from under applications--> Sound & Video -->ALSA Mixer, select the 6ch in the channel mode section and make sure none of the output volume controls are muted or turned very low. Type the following command in the terminal command line:

speaker-test -Dplug:surround51 -c6 -l1 -twav

Conclusion:

Well, your 5.1 channel sound should be up and running by now. If it isn´t, then, theres some other problem with your setup and you might consider giving it a serious diagnostic check up.

As, for the Karmic Koala Ubuntu, it promises a lot of things and in most cases ..it does deliver ...but having labor like this every time I setup my system is downright irritating ..hope u folks at Canonical are listening and righting these wrongs.

I have also made a video tutorial of the steps so as to better illustrate the entire operation.

Video tutorial

List of soundcard model/settings

Soundcard

ALC260

ALC262

fujitsu

ALC268

3stack

ALC662

3stack-dig

ALC882/885

3stack-dig

ALC883/888

3stack-dig

ALC861/660

3stack

ALC861VD/660VD

3stack

CMI9880

minimal

AD1882

3stack

AD1884

N/A

AD1981

basic

AD1983

N/A

AD1984

basic

AD1986A

6stack

AD1988

6stack

Conexant 5045

laptop

Conexant 5047

laptop

STAC9200

ref

STAC9205/9254

ref

STAC9220/9221

ref

STAC9202/9250/9251

ref

STAC9227/9228/9229/927x

ref

STAC9872

vaio --------------

Model name Description

---------- -----------

ALC880

3stack 3-jack in back and a headphone out

3stack-digout 3-jack in back, a HP out and a SPDIF out

5stack 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front

5stack-digout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, a SPDIF out

6stack 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front

6stack-digout 6-jack with a SPDIF out

w810 3-jack

z71v 3-jack (HP shared SPDIF)

asus 3-jack (ASUS Mobo)

asus-w1v ASUS W1V

asus-dig ASUS with SPDIF out

asus-dig2 ASUS with SPDIF out (using GPIO2)

uniwill 3-jack

fujitsu Fujitsu Laptops (Pi1536)

F1734 2-jack

lg LG laptop (m1 express dual)

lg-lw LG LW20/LW25 laptop

tcl TCL S700

clevo Clevo laptops (m520G, m665n)

test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls can be

adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with

$CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

HP machines

hp-3013 HP machines (3013-variant)

fujitsu Fujitsu S7020

acer Acer TravelMate

will Will laptops (PB V7900)

replacer Replacer 672V

basic fixed pin assignment (old default model)

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

Fujitsu Laptop

hp-bpc HP xw4400/6400/8400/9400 laptops

hp-bpc-d7000 HP BPC D7000

benq Benq ED8

benq-t31 Benq T31

hippo Hippo (ATI) with jack detection, Sony UX-90s

hippo_1 Hippo (Benq) with jack detection

sony-assamd Sony ASSAMD

basic fixed pin assignment w/o SPDIF

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-stack model

toshiba Toshiba A205

acer Acer laptops

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-stack (2-channel) with SPDIF

3stack-6ch 3-stack (6-channel)

3stack-6ch-dig 3-stack (6-channel) with SPDIF

6stack-dig 6-stack with SPDIF

lenovo-101e Lenovo laptop

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-jack with SPDIF I/O

6stack-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O

arima Arima W820Di1

targa Targa T8, MSI-1049 T8

asus-a7j ASUS A7J

asus-a7m ASUS A7M

macpro MacPro support

mbp3 Macbook Pro rev3

imac24 iMac 24'' with jack detection

w2jc ASUS W2JC

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-jack with SPDIF I/O

6stack-dig 6-jack digital with SPDIF I/O

3stack-6ch 3-jack 6-channel

3stack-6ch-dig 3-jack 6-channel with SPDIF I/O

6stack-dig-demo 6-jack digital for Intel demo board

acer Acer laptops (Travelmate 3012WTMi, Aspire 5600, etc)

acer-aspire Acer Aspire 9810

medion Medion Laptops

medion-md2 Medion MD2

targa-dig Targa/MSI

targa-2ch-dig Targs/MSI with 2-channel

laptop-eapd 3-jack with SPDIF I/O and EAPD (Clevo M540JE, M550JE)

lenovo-101e Lenovo 101E

lenovo-nb0763 Lenovo NB0763

lenovo-ms7195-dig Lenovo MS7195

haier-w66 Haier W66

6stack-hp HP machines with 6stack (Nettle boards)

3stack-hp HP machines with 3stack (Lucknow, Samba boards)

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-jack

3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF I/O

6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF I/O

3stack-660 3-jack (for ALC660)

uniwill-m31 Uniwill M31 laptop

toshiba Toshiba laptop support

asus Asus laptop support

asus-laptop ASUS F2/F3 laptops

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-jack

3stack-dig 3-jack with SPDIF OUT

6stack-dig 6-jack with SPDIF OUT

3stack-660 3-jack (for ALC660VD)

3stack-660-digout 3-jack with SPDIF OUT (for ALC660VD)

lenovo Lenovo 3000 C200

dallas Dallas laptops

hp HP TX1000

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-jack in back

min_fp 3-jack in back, 2-jack in front

full 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front

full_dig 6-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF I/O

allout 5-jack in back, 2-jack in front, SPDIF out

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

3-stack mode (default)

6stack 6-stack mode

style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
3-jack (default)

hp HP nx6320

thinkpad Lenovo Thinkpad T60/X60/Z60

toshiba Toshiba U205

style="font-weight: normal; margin-bottom: 0cm; text-decoration: none;">
default configuration

thinkpad Lenovo Thinkpad T61/X61

6-jack, separate surrounds (default)

3stack 3-stack, shared surrounds

laptop 2-channel only (FSC V2060, Samsung M50)

laptop-eapd 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung R65, ASUS A6J)

laptop-automute 2-channel with EAPD and HP-automute (Lenovo N100)

ultra 2-channel with EAPD (Samsung Ultra tablet PC)

6-jack

6stack-dig ditto with SPDIF

3stack 3-jack

3stack-dig ditto with SPDIF

laptop 3-jack with hp-jack automute

laptop-dig ditto with SPDIF

auto auto-config reading BIOS (default)

Laptop config

test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls

can be adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with

$CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y

Basic Laptop config

laptop-hp Laptop config for some HP models (subdevice 30A5)

laptop-eapd Laptop config with EAPD support

test for testing/debugging purpose, almost all controls

can be adjusted. Appearing only when compiled with

$CONFIG_SND_DEBUG=y

Reference board

dell-d21 Dell (unknown)

dell-d22 Dell (unknown)

dell-d23 Dell (unknown)

dell-m21 Dell Inspiron 630m, Dell Inspiron 640m

dell-m22 Dell Latitude D620, Dell Latitude D820

dell-m23 Dell XPS M1710, Dell Precision M90

dell-m24 Dell Latitude 120L

dell-m25 Dell Inspiron E1505n

dell-m26 Dell Inspiron 1501

dell-m27 Dell Inspiron E1705/9400

Reference board

dell-m42 Dell (unknown)

dell-m43 Dell Precision

dell-m44 Dell Inspiron

Reference board

3stack D945 3stack

5stack D945 5stack + SPDIF

intel-mac-v1 Intel Mac Type 1

intel-mac-v2 Intel Mac Type 2

intel-mac-v3 Intel Mac Type 3

intel-mac-v4 Intel Mac Type 4

intel-mac-v5 Intel Mac Type 5

macmini Intel Mac Mini (equivalent with type 3)

macbook Intel Mac Book (eq. type 5)

macbook-pro-v1 Intel Mac Book Pro 1st generation (eq. type 3)

macbook-pro Intel Mac Book Pro 2nd generation (eq. type 3)

imac-intel Intel iMac (eq. type 2)

imac-intel-20 Intel iMac (newer version) (eq. type 3)

dell-d81 Dell (unknown)

dell-d82 Dell (unknown)

dell-m81 Dell (unknown)

dell-m82 Dell XPS M1210

Reference board, base config

m2-2 Some Gateway MX series laptops

m6 Some Gateway NX series laptops

pa6 Gateway NX860 series

Reference board

3stack D965 3stack

5stack D965 5stack + SPDIF

dell-3stack Dell Dimension E520

Setup for VAIO FE550G/SZ110

vaio-ar Setup for VAIO AR

M:titFgQWr_eA:4cEx4HpKnUU">

Hmmm, came across a forwarded mail warning about the impending doomsday, end of the world etc etc....the world's gonna end by 2012 it announced. Usually, i delete all this stuff from my inbox, but today i desisted. Had nothing better to do, so decided to go thru it, wasn't much long anyway.

"The world will end in 2012, say experts" went the subject line...it had all myriad kinds of doomsday theories ranging from scientific to religious, stupid to the macabre...the one which caught my eye was regarding swapping of earth's poles....

So I ended up googling up the stuff, and wound up with some interesting findings. The claim it seems isn't half as false as the other theories in the mail. I got references to this in websites of NASA, some educational instutions, other blogs and more doomsday prophets...

The phenomenon:

At present, the overall geomagnetic field is becoming weaker at a rate which would, if it continues, cause the dipole field to temporarily collapse by 3000-4000 AD. The "South Atlantic Anomaly" (localized field reversal) is believed by some to be a product of this. The present strong deterioration corresponds to a 10-15% decline over the last 150 years and has accelerated in the past several years; however, geomagnetic intensity has declined almost continuously from a maximum 35% above the modern value achieved approximately 2000 years ago. The rate of decrease and the current strength are within the normal range of variation, as shown by the record of past magnetic fields recorded in rocks.The Earth's magnetic north pole is drifting from northern Canada towards Siberia with a presently accelerating rate. It is also unknown if this drift will continue to accelerate.

Research:

Glatzmaier and collaborator Paul Roberts of UCLA have made a numerical model of the electromagnetic, fluid dynamical processes of Earth's interior, and computed it on a Cray super-computer. The results reproduced key features of the magnetic field over more than 40,000 years of simulated time. To top it off, the computer-generated field reversed itself.

EFFECTS::

Its unknown whether this field decay will continue further.

Some speculate that a greatly diminished magnetic field during a reversal period will expose the surface of the earth to a substantial and potentially damaging increase in cosmic radiation. However, homo erectus and their ancestors certainly survived many previous reversals.

There is no uncontested evidence that a magnetic field reversal has ever caused any biological extinctions.

A possible explanation is that the solar wind may induce a sufficient magnetic field in the Earth's ionosphere to shield energetic particles even in the absence of the Earth's normal magnetic field.

Present society with its reliance of electricity and electromagnetic effects (e.g. radio, satellite communications) may be vulnerable to technological diruptions in the event of a full field reversal.

Natural Phenomenon like the aurora borealis, bird migrations etc. may vanish..

pretty heavy stuff huh???...

so till l8r...

ciao.....

WacKy TecHie!!

Sample Code for Deep and Shallow Cloning ~ Java

Configure 5.1 Channel Sound on Ubuntu-Karmic Koala (for dummies like me!)