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		<title>How to Create the Latest Windows 10 / 11 Installation Media from Linux OS</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/create-latest-windows-10-installation-media-linux/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/create-latest-windows-10-installation-media-linux/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Mon, 20 Apr 2026 10:32:54 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Educational]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Everyday Life]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Creating Windows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[download page]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ESC]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Insert]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[ISO]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Missing]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mount dev]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Select]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[USB]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18469</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Creating a Windows 10 installation USB from a Linux system is entirely possible and surprisingly straightforward once you know the few steps process and using few Linux tools. Whether you&#39;re preparing a dual-boot setup, fixing a broken Windows machine OS onplace, or re-installed&#160;Windows, installing fresh&#160;from scratch, is an useful skill every self-respecting sysadmin should be [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/create-latest-windows-10-installation-media-linux/">How to Create the Latest Windows 10 / 11 Installation Media from Linux OS</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<strong><img decoding="async" alt="create-a-windows-installation-flash-drive-from-linux-logo-howto-create-windows-media-os-installer" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/create-a-windows-installation-flash-drive-from-linux-logo-howto-create-windows-media-os-installer.png" style="width: 421px; height: 268px;" /></strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Creating a Windows 10 installation USB from a Linux system</strong> is entirely possible and surprisingly straightforward once you <em>know the few steps process and using few Linux tools. Whether you&#39;re preparing a dual-boot setup,</em> <strong>fixing a broken Windows machine OS onplace</strong>, or r<strong>e-installed&nbsp;Windows, installing fresh&nbsp;from scratch</strong>, is an useful skill every self-respecting sysadmin should be aware of.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Why Create Windows Installation Media from Linux ?</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Even a hardcore Linux sysadmin / Desktop users need&nbsp;Windows for specific software, gaming, or troubleshooting, or for deployment of Windows installs for non-IT professionals, friends or company environments.<br />
	Having a Windows installable ISO&nbsp;by downloading and using <strong><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly9zdXBwb3J0Lm1pY3Jvc29mdC5jb20vZW4tdXMvd2luZG93cy9jcmVhdGUtaW5zdGFsbGF0aW9uLW1lZGlhLWZvci13aW5kb3dzLTk5YTU4MzY0LThjMDItMjA2Zi1hYTZmLTQwYzNiNTA3NDIwZA%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18469">Windows Media Creation Tool</a> </strong>is an easy trivial task for those with Windows but is&nbsp;a&nbsp;problem especially for GNU / Linux users like me <em>who don&#39;t own a computer with Microsoft Windows, but have <strong>Debian / Ubuntu / Fedora</strong> in place</em>.&nbsp;<br />
	Microsoft&rsquo;s official media creation tool is made to only runs on <strong>Windows OS</strong>, fortunately there is a few ways to have an installable USB drive prepared even on Linux.
</p>
<p>
	The main challenge lies in <strong><em>properly formatting the USB flash drive</em></strong> and handling large Windows image files, especially the <strong><em>install</em>.</strong><strong>wim</strong>, which can <em>exceed FAT32 file size limits</em>.
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>What You&rsquo;ll Need</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	Before starting, make sure you have:
</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>
		<em><strong>A USB drive</strong> (at least 8GB sized recommended)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em><strong>A Linux system</strong> (Ubuntu, Fedora, Arch Linux etc.)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em><strong>The latest Windows 10 ISO file</strong> (downloaded locally)</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>1.&nbsp;Download the Windows 10 ISO</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Go to <strong>Microsoft&rsquo;s official website and download the latest Windows 10 ISO</strong>. You can do this directly from Linux using your browser.
</p>
<ol data-complete="true" data-processed="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="xE4zce" jsuid="X4oMmb_x">
<li data-complete="true" data-hveid="CAEIBRAA" data-sae="" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="vsuOFb" jsuid="X4oMmb_y">
		Go to the&nbsp;<a aria-label="undefined" data-hveid="CAEIBRAB" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cubWljcm9zb2Z0LmNvbS9zb2Z0d2FyZS1kb3dubG9hZC93aW5kb3dzMTA%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18469" ping="/url?sa=t&amp;source=web&amp;rct=j&amp;url=https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10&amp;ved=2ahUKEwi92Y3b6fWTAxXchv0HHa7mAWAQy_kOegYIAQgFEAE&amp;opi=89978449" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Official Windows 10 Download Page</a>.
	</li>
<li data-complete="true" data-hveid="CAEIBRAC" data-sae="" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="vsuOFb" jsuid="X4oMmb_11">
		<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_13">On Windows:</strong>&nbsp;Press&nbsp;F12&nbsp;(Dev Tools), click the&nbsp;<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_15">Device Toolbar</strong>&nbsp;icon (mobile/tablet icon), and refresh the page. This tricks Microsoft into thinking you are on a Mac or Linux machine.
	</li>
<li data-complete="true" data-hveid="CAEIBRAD" data-sae="" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="vsuOFb" jsuid="X4oMmb_16">
		Select the edition and language, then click&nbsp;<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_18">Confirm</strong>.
	</li>
<li data-complete="true" data-hveid="CAEIBRAE" data-sae="" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="vsuOFb" jsuid="X4oMmb_19">
		Right-click the&nbsp;<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_1b">64-bit Download</strong>&nbsp;button and select&nbsp;<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_1c">Copy link address</strong>.
	</li>
<li data-complete="true" data-hveid="CAEIBRAF" data-sae="" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="vsuOFb" jsuid="X4oMmb_1d">
		In your terminal, use&nbsp;wget.&nbsp;<strong data-complete="true" data-sfc-cb="" data-sfc-root="c" jsaction="" jscontroller="zYmgkd" jsuid="X4oMmb_1g">Note:</strong>&nbsp;You must wrap the URL in double quotes because it contains special characters:
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	<br />
	Use <strong>wget</strong> with &nbsp;a direct copy of download link like for example:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		$ <strong>wget https://www.microsoft.com/software-download/windows10.iso -O windows10.iso</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Make sure the ISO is fully and correctly downloaded before proceeding further.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2.&nbsp;Install Required Tools</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	On<em><strong> Debian / Ubuntu </strong></em>deb-based distros. You&rsquo;ll need few utilities:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># apt update # apt install wimtools ntfs-3g p7zip-full</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	On <em><strong>Fedora</strong></em>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># dnf install wimlib ntfs-3g p7zip</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	These tools help extract and handle Windows image files properly.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3.&nbsp;Prepare the USB Drive</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Insert your USB drive and identify it:
</p>
<p>
	<strong># lsblk</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Look for something like <strong>/dev/sdb</strong> (be careful, as this will erase all data on the drive).
</p>
<h3>
	Partition and Format<br />
</h3>
<p>
	Use <strong>fdisk</strong>or <strong>parted</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># fdisk /dev/sdb</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>
		Create a new partition table (GPT or MBR)
	</li>
<li>
		Create one primary partition
	</li>
<li>
		Set type to NTFS or FAT32
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Then format it:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># mkfs.ntfs -f /dev/sdb1</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p dir="ltr">
	&nbsp;
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		NTFS is recommended because it supports large files.
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>4.&nbsp;Mount ISO and USB</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Create mount points:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>mkdir ~/winiso mkdir ~/winusb</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Mount the ISO:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># mount -o loop windows10.iso ~/winiso</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Mount the USB:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># mount /dev/sdb1 ~/winusb</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>5.&nbsp;Copy Files of ISO to Flash drive</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Copy all files from the <strong>ISO</strong> to the <strong>USB:</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># rsync -avh &#8211;prog</strong>ress ~/winiso/ ~/winusb/
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This may take several minutes.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>6.&nbsp;Handle Large install.wim File (If Needed)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If you formatted your USB as FAT32 and encounter issues with large files:
</p>
<p>
	Split the WIM file:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># wimlib-imagex split ~/winiso/sources/install.wim ~/winusb/sources/install.swm 4000</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Then remove the original:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>rm ~/winusb/sources/install.wim</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<em>This step ensures compatibility with FAT32 file size limits.</em>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>7. Safely Unmount</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Once everything is copied, make sure to:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># umount ~/winiso # umount ~/winusb</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Now your USB is ready.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>! NB ! Ensure Boot Files Exist</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Double-check this path exists (on the new created<em> <strong>Flash stick</strong></em>):
</p>
<p>
	<strong>/EFI/BOOT/bootx64.efi</strong>
</p>
<p>
	If this file is missing, the USB will<strong> fail to&nbsp;boot <em>Windows 11 OS Installer</em></strong>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>8.&nbsp;Boot from fresh created&nbsp;USB drive</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Insert the <strong><em>USB flash drive</em></strong>&nbsp;into the target machine, <strong>reboot</strong>, and enter <strong>BIOS / UEF</strong>I (usually by pressing <em><strong>F2, F12, DEL</strong></em>, or <em><strong>ESC</strong></em>).
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Select the USB drive</strong> as<strong> the boot device / Save settings, reboot&nbsp;</strong>and the <strong>Windows OS installer</strong> screen should appear.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>9. Troubleshooting Tips and Common Pitfalls&nbsp;</strong>(<strong>Especially with Windows 11)</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>
		<strong>USB not booting ?</strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Ensure your system is set to boot in UEFI mode if your USB is GPT formatted.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Missing drivers ?</strong>&nbsp;&#8211; Try recreating the USB using NTFS instead of FAT32.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Secure Boot issues ?</strong>&nbsp;&#8211; You may need to disable Secure Boot in BIOS.
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>9.1. USB Not Booting</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Try use <strong>FAT32</strong> instead of<strong> NTFS</strong>
	</li>
<li>
<p>
			Ensure <strong><em>UEFI mode</em></strong> is <strong>enabled</strong>
		</p>
</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>9.2. &ldquo;File Too Large&rdquo; Error</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Very likely you forgot to split <strong>install.wim (as prior described)</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>9.3. Installer Refuses to Continue</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Windows 11 require:<br />
		<strong><em>a.TPM 2.0<br />
		b. Secure Boot</em></strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>10. Alternative GUI Linux&nbsp;Tools to use WoeUSB-ng / Ventroy</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If you prefer L<strong><em>inux&nbsp;GUI tools for preparation of Installation USB drive Media</em>&nbsp;</strong>, consider downloading <em><strong>WoeUSB</strong></em> or <em><strong>Ventroy</strong></em>:
</p>
<ul data-spread="false">
<li>
		<strong>WoeUSB</strong> &ndash; specifically designed for creating Windows bootable USBs from Linux
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Ventoy</strong> &ndash; allows you to copy multiple ISOs to a single USB and boot from a menu
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>10.1 Install WoeUSB-ng</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Easiest and perhaps most straight forward way is to install it via git and pip python.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		$<strong> git clone https://github.com/WoeUSB/WoeUSB-ng.git</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		$ <strong>cd WoeUSB-ng</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		$ <strong>sudo pip3 install .</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>10.2. Install Ventroy and&nbsp;deploy Windows installer on USB Drive</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	<font color="#0a0a0a"><strong>a)&nbsp;</strong></font><font size="3"><b><strong>Prepare the USB Drive in Linux</strong></b></font>
</p>
<h3>
	<font size="3"><b><strong>b)&nbsp;Add the Windows ISO</strong></b></font><font size="3">&nbsp;</font><br />
</h3>
<h3>
	<strong>c)&nbsp;Install Windows ISO</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	<strong><font size="3"><b>1. Download it :</b></font></strong><font size="3">&nbsp;Get the&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><strong>ventoy-x.x.xx-linux.tar.gz</strong></font><font size="3">&nbsp;file from the&nbsp;</font><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cudmVudG95Lm5ldC9lbi9kb2Nfc3RhcnQuaHRtbA%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18469" rel="nofollow noopener" target="_blank"><font size="3"><u>Ventoy website</u></font></a><font size="3">.</font>
</p>
<p>
	<strong><font size="3"><b>2. Extract :</b></font></strong><font size="3">&nbsp;Open a terminal and extract:&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><strong>tar -xvf ventoy-*.tar.gz</strong></font><font size="3">.</font>
</p>
<p>
	<strong><font size="3"><b>3. Locate USB:</b></font></strong><font size="3">&nbsp;Run&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><strong>lsblk</strong></font><font size="3">&nbsp;to identify your USB drive (e.g.,&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><strong>/dev/sdb</strong></font><font size="3">).</font>
</p>
<p>
	<strong><font size="3"><b>4. Install:</b></font></strong><font size="3">&nbsp;Run the script (replace&nbsp;</font><font size="2"><strong>/dev/sdb</strong></font><font size="3">&nbsp;with your drive):</font>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># sudo ./Ventoy2Disk.sh -i /dev/sdb</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	Once installed, the USB will have a large partition named &quot;Ventoy&quot;.
</p>
<h3>
	<br />
	<strong>5. Copy, paste Windows ISO file</strong>: (<em>Windows 10 or 11</em>) onto this USB drive.&nbsp;<br />
</h3>
<p>
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	<strong>6. Insert the USB</strong>,&nbsp;&nbsp;into the target computer.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>7.&nbsp;Reboot PC:</strong>&nbsp; and enter the BIOS/boot menu (e.g., F2, F12) to boot from the USB.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Sum it up</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Creating Windows 10 installation media from Linux might seem tricky at first, but with the right approach, it&rsquo;s completely manageable, it is also a nice one if you need to create multiple flash drives, and you need to automate the process of Windows installable USB drive creation&nbsp;for multiple windows setups that needs to get reinstalled on place simultaneously.<br />
	Once you&rsquo;ve done it once, it becomes a quick and reliable process you can reuse anytime.
</p>
<p>
	Whether you&#39;re a Linux enthusiast or just working across systems, this method ensures you&#39;re never stuck without a Windows installer at hand, even without owing a Windows OS.</p>

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		<title>The Gospel of the Second Resurrection (John 20:19–26) Bright Monday Gospel reading interpretation</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/gospel-resurrection-john-201926-bright-monday-gospel-reading-interpretation/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/gospel-resurrection-john-201926-bright-monday-gospel-reading-interpretation/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Sun, 12 Apr 2026 13:54:29 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18464</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Christ is Risen ! Truly he is Risen !&#160; Another year to celebrate Resurrection day, I great all my readers with the Holy and Glorious day of The Resurrection of Christ ! Happy Resurrection day, Happy Easter to All faithful Christians and all Technology Freaks out there who look for the Universal truth and meaning [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/gospel-resurrection-john-201926-bright-monday-gospel-reading-interpretation/">The Gospel of the Second Resurrection (John 20:19–26) Bright Monday Gospel reading interpretation</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<em><strong><img decoding="async" alt="Resurrection-of-Christ-Bulgarian-Eastern_Orthodox-Christian-Miracle-making-icon" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Resurrection-of-Christ-Bulgarian-Eastern_Orthodox-Christian-Miracle-making-icon.pang" style="width: 580px; height: 760px;" /><br />
	<a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvY2hyaXN0LXJpc2VuLWVhc3Rlcm4tb3J0aG9kb3gtcmVzdXJyZWN0aW9uLXBhc2NoYWwtZ3JlZXRpbmctbGFuZ3VhZ2VzLw%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18464">Christ is Risen ! Truly he is Risen !&nbsp;</a></strong></em></p>
<p>	<em><strong>Another year to celebrate Resurrection day, I great all my readers with the Holy and Glorious day of The Resurrection of Christ !<br />
	Happy Resurrection day, Happy Easter to All faithful Christians and all Technology Freaks out there who look for the Universal truth and meaning of life !</strong></em></p>
<p>	Happy Resurrection to those who are searching it and those who find it, as I tend to find more and more that more technological literate people came to become Christian and find the Light and truthfulness of <em><strong>Holy Orthodox Christian Faith !</strong></em><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	In Orthodox Christianity, the <strong>Second Resurrection Service&nbsp;</strong>often called <strong data-end="92" data-start="75">Agape Vespers&nbsp;</strong>is a deeply symbolic and joyful service celebrated on the afternoon or evening of <strong>Pascha</strong>, the feast of Christ&rsquo;s Resurrection, an event that changed history forever and made the Time to be counted on Age before Christ and Age after him <em>Anno Domini</em> ( A.D. ) <strong><em>Christ&#39;s victory over death and importance of the Resurrection has become a turning stone for whole world and has one time forever changed the history to Bring the Light of Heaven on earth again after the fall of man in Eden&#39;s garden.&nbsp;</em></strong><br />
	In Orthodox Christian tradition <strong>the feast of Resurrection is being celebrated Staring from the Day of Pascha (The Resurrection of Christ) </strong>towards his <a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvdGhlLWFzY2Vuc2lvbi1vZi1vdXItbG9yZC1qZXN1cy1jaHJpc3QtZmVhc3QtaW4tYnVsZ2FyaWFuLW9ydGhvZG94LWNodXJjaC8%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18464"><strong>Ascension on the Day of Ascension</strong></a> on the 40th Day. Many might not today, that the first 7 days Week of Pascha is actually a whole period of celebration like a day who marks The Resurrection and the whole week in Orthodox tradition is considered as one single day. The first 3 days when the Lord Jesus Christ raised to the death after being in Hell with his soul to Save and Save all the waiting souls of prophets and old testamental times of old righteous people and those who repented (on <strong>Holy Saturday</strong>) the Next day after <strong>Crucifix (on Holy Friday)</strong> are the Most glorious and important days of the whole<em><strong> 40 days period of the Resurrection</strong></em> till time the <em><strong>Lord Ascended to Heaven with his Glorious&nbsp;Resurrectied Body</strong></em>.&nbsp;</p>
<p>	The <em>Paschal Church service of the Resurrection of Christ </em>which is celebrated with serving <strong>Saint Basyl&#39;s Holy Liturgy&nbsp;in Orthodox Christian</strong> tradition always starts&nbsp;exactly at Midnight. In many traditions nowdays like also in Bulgarian tradition, the Holy Fire is brought by Plane to the Synodal Palace of the Church from hence it is distributed across local Pariches Churches to bring the Light of the Miracle of Jerusalem of Holy Fire that happen once and only for <em>Eastern Orthodox Christians</em>, when a Light of Heaven comes to light up the Candle of Jerusalem&#39;s Eastern Orthodox Christian patriarch&nbsp;as a eternal confirmation of the Truthfulness of the Resurrection of Christ (a G<strong>od&#39;s sign for Unbelievers to think and study the Orthtoxy</strong>). The miracle of Holy Fire happened even this year in <strong><em>Jerusalem in the Holy Sepulcher Church (built on top of the Place of Resurrection of Christ).</em></strong>&nbsp;Thanks God even though humanity sinfulness (and the escalating wars) which by Miracle and God&#39;s grace and great Mercy has been temporary suspended for the World to mark the Feast of the Feast of The Resurrection. <strong>It is a clear miracle that this temporary peace in Ukraine and Russia as well as Israel and Iran</strong> happened exactly on the days of the<strong> Eastern Orthodox Christian resurrection</strong>, which is this year as most years one week later than the <strong>Roman Catholic</strong> pascha (as we at the Orthodox Church still do venerate righteously the rule of <strong>The first Church Council of Nicea.).</p>
<p>	The reason to follow Easter differently for Eastern Orthodox Chrsitians from Western Roman Catholic Christians is often misunderstood and puts great confusion to explain especially to modern people from East and West faith that work together in corporations, thus I&#39;ll put a short explanation on why we Eastern Orthodox Christians celebrate Pascha often differently than Roman Catholics?:<br />
	There are 3 main reasons that sted from the Ecumenical council of Nicea:</strong><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		<strong>Separation from Jewish Timing</strong>: The Council mandated that Christians should no longer rely on Jewish calculations for the 14th of Nisan. The Emperor Constantine, in a letter following the council, argued that it was &quot;unworthy&quot; for Christians to follow the custom of those who had rejected Christ.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Solar-Lunar Formula</strong>: To remain independent, the Council adopted the &quot;Alexandrian method&quot;: Pascha must fall on the&nbsp;<strong>first Sunday</strong>&nbsp;after the&nbsp;<strong>first full moon</strong>&nbsp;occurring on or after the&nbsp;<strong>vernal equinox</strong>.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Biblical Sequence</strong>: While the council&#39;s surviving canons do not explicitly state &quot;after Passover,&quot; the Orthodox Church maintains that the Nicene intent was to preserve the&nbsp;<strong>Biblical sequence</strong>&nbsp;of events. Since the Resurrection happened after the Jewish Passover in the Gospels, the Orthodox calculation ensures Pascha never precedes or coincides with the start of the Jewish festival.&nbsp;
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	On the next day after we celebrate the Feast of Resurrection (Velikden as called in Eastern tradition) is <strong>Bright Monday</strong>. The day is very special as the Night Vigil and Morning Service with Holy Liturgy ends up very late around 3, 3-30 A.M. And the service is created by Holy Fathers of the Church inspired by God as a way to experience for&nbsp;second time (on the same day)the Joy of the Resurrection, so the spiritual joy be even more multiplied and well undestood b the Church members.</p>
<p>	<strong>The Bright Monday or Easter Monday</strong> in Eastern Orthodox Christian tradition&nbsp;is marked by what is often called the <strong data-end="638" data-start="613">&ldquo;Second Resurrection&rdquo;service.&nbsp;</strong>
</p>
<p>
	The service is a continuation of the joy of Pascha, emphasizing the universal<strong> proclamation of Christ&rsquo;s victory over death.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	At the heart of this celebration is the Gospel reading from <strong>John 20:19&ndash;26</strong>, which recounts Christ&rsquo;s first appearances to His disciples after the Resurrection. What is unique for the service is this is the only day in year when the <em><strong>One and Holy Universal Eastern Orthodox Church</strong></em>&nbsp;shows its universality and union and acceptance of all languages as a mean to proclaim the <em><strong>Good new of Salvation way the Holy Gospel introduced for everyone who believed in the name of the Jesus Christ as a Son of God and Savior of the World by Having introduced the reading of a Gospel reading in different nation&nbsp;languages&nbsp;</strong></em>!&nbsp;</p>
<p>	Here is a selection of the Text reading as translated in different languages, might be helpful if you belong to one of those Churches abroad, to read the text on &quot;Second Resurrection&quot;, bright monday Service:<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>English (King James Version)</strong><br />
	<strong>John 20:19&ndash;26</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Then the same day at evening, being the first day of the week, when the doors were shut where the disciples were assembled for fear of the Jews, came Jesus and stood in the midst, and saith unto them, Peace be unto you.<br />
	And when he had so said, he shewed unto them his hands and his side. Then were the disciples glad, when they saw the Lord.<br />
	Then said Jesus to them again, Peace be unto you: as my Father hath sent me, even so send I you.<br />
	And when he had said this, he breathed on them, and saith unto them, Receive ye the Holy Ghost:<br />
	Whose soever sins ye remit, they are remitted unto them; and whose soever sins ye retain, they are retained.<br />
	But Thomas, one of the twelve, called Didymus, was not with them when Jesus came.<br />
	The other disciples therefore said unto him, We have seen the Lord. But he said unto them, Except I shall see in his hands the print of the nails, and put my finger into the print of the nails, and thrust my hand into his side, I will not believe.<br />
	And after eight days again his disciples were within, and Thomas with them: then came Jesus, the doors being shut, and stood in the midst, and said, Peace be unto you.</em>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Bulgarian (Synodal translation)&nbsp;<br />
	Йоан 20:19&ndash;26</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Вечерта в същия ден, първия на седмицата, когато вратите, дето бяха събрани учениците, бяха заключени от страх от юдеите, дойде Иисус, застана посред и им каза: Мир вам!<br data-end="1606" data-start="1603" /><br />
	И като рече това, показа им ръцете и ребрата Си. Учениците се зарадваха, като видяха Господа.<br />
	Иисус пак им рече: Мир вам! Както Ме прати Отец, така и Аз ви пращам.<br />
	Като каза това, духна и им рече: Приемете Духа Светаго.<br />
	На които простите греховете, ще им се простят; на които задържите, ще се задържат.<br />
	А Тома, един от дванайсетте, наречен Близнак, не беше с тях, когато дойде Иисус.<br />
	Другите ученици му казваха: Видяхме Господа. А той им рече: Ако не видя на ръцете Му белега от гвоздеите и не туря пръста си в раните от гвоздеите и не туря ръката си в ребрата Му, няма да повярвам.<br />
	След осем дни учениците Му пак бяха вътре и Тома с тях. Дойде Иисус, когато вратите бяха заключени, застана посред и рече: Мир вам!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	&nbsp;<strong>Russian (Synodal)&nbsp;<br />
	От Иоанна 20:19&ndash;26</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>В тот же первый день недели вечером, когда двери дома, где собирались ученики Его, были заперты из опасения от Иудеев, пришел Иисус, и стал посреди, и говорит им: мир вам!<br />
	Сказав это, Он показал им руки и ребра Свои. Ученики обрадовались, увидев Господа.<br />
	Иисус же сказал им вторично: мир вам! как послал Меня Отец, так и Я посылаю вас.<br />
	Сказав это, дунул, и говорит им: примите Духа Святаго.<br />
	Кому простите грехи, тому простятся; на ком оставите, на том останутся.<br />
	Фома же, один из двенадцати, называемый Близнец, не был тут с ними, когда приходил Иисус.<br />
	Другие ученики сказали ему: мы видели Господа. Но он сказал им: если не увижу на руках Его ран от гвоздей и не вложу перста моего в раны от гвоздей и не вложу руки моей в ребра Его, не поверю.<br />
	После восьми дней опять были в доме ученики Его, и Фома с ними. Пришел Иисус, когда двери были заперты, стал посреди их и сказал: мир вам!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	Ἐ&kappa; &tau;&omicron;ῦ &kappa;&alpha;&tau;ὰ Ἰ&omega;ά&nu;&nu;&eta;&nu; ἁ&gamma;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &Epsilon;ὐ&alpha;&gamma;&gamma;&epsilon;&lambda;ί&omicron;&upsilon; &tau;ὸ ἀ&nu;ά&gamma;&nu;&omega;&sigma;&mu;&alpha;.<br />
	Greek (&Kappa;&omicron;&iota;&nu;ή / Patriarchal Text &ndash; Orthodox usage)&nbsp;<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>&Omicron;ὔ&sigma;&eta;&sigmaf; &omicron;ὖ&nu; ὀ&psi;ί&alpha;&sigmaf; &tau;ῇ ἡ&mu;έ&rho;ᾳ ἐ&kappa;&epsilon;ί&nu;ῃ &tau;ῇ &mu;&iota;ᾷ &sigma;&alpha;&beta;&beta;ά&tau;&omega;&nu;, &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ῶ&nu; &theta;&upsilon;&rho;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&epsilon;&kappa;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&sigma;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu; ὅ&pi;&omicron;&upsilon; ἦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &omicron;ἱ &mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&tau;&alpha;ὶ &sigma;&upsilon;&nu;&eta;&gamma;&mu;έ&nu;&omicron;&iota; &delta;&iota;ὰ &tau;ὸ&nu; &phi;ό&beta;&omicron;&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; Ἰ&omicron;&upsilon;&delta;&alpha;ί&omega;&nu;, ἦ&lambda;&theta;&epsilon;&nu; ὁ Ἰ&eta;&sigma;&omicron;ῦ&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἔ&sigma;&tau;&eta; &epsilon;ἰ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ &mu;έ&sigma;&omicron;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &lambda;έ&gamma;&epsilon;&iota; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf;&middot; &Epsilon;ἰ&rho;ή&nu;&eta; ὑ&mu;ῖ&nu;.<br />
	&kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ&tau;&omicron; &epsilon;ἰ&pi;ὼ&nu; ἔ&delta;&epsilon;&iota;&xi;&epsilon;&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf; &tau;ὰ&sigmaf; &chi;&epsilon;ῖ&rho;&alpha;&sigmaf; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;ὰ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῦ. ἐ&chi;ά&rho;&eta;&sigma;&alpha;&nu; &omicron;ὖ&nu; &omicron;ἱ &mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&tau;&alpha;ὶ ἰ&delta;ό&nu;&tau;&epsilon;&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ&nu; &Kappa;ύ&rho;&iota;&omicron;&nu;.<br />
	&epsilon;ἶ&pi;&epsilon;&nu; &omicron;ὖ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf; &pi;ά&lambda;&iota;&nu; ὁ Ἰ&eta;&sigma;&omicron;ῦ&sigmaf;&middot; &Epsilon;ἰ&rho;ή&nu;&eta; ὑ&mu;ῖ&nu;&middot; &kappa;&alpha;&theta;ὼ&sigmaf; ἀ&pi;έ&sigma;&tau;&alpha;&lambda;&kappa;έ &mu;&epsilon; ὁ &Pi;&alpha;&tau;ή&rho;, &kappa;ἀ&gamma;ὼ &pi;έ&mu;&pi;&omega; ὑ&mu;ᾶ&sigmaf;.<br />
	&kappa;&alpha;ὶ &tau;&omicron;ῦ&tau;&omicron; &epsilon;ἰ&pi;ὼ&nu; ἐ&nu;&epsilon;&phi;ύ&sigma;&eta;&sigma;&epsilon; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &lambda;έ&gamma;&epsilon;&iota; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf;&middot; &Lambda;ά&beta;&epsilon;&tau;&epsilon; &Pi;&nu;&epsilon;ῦ&mu;&alpha; Ἅ&gamma;&iota;&omicron;&nu;&middot;<br />
	ἄ&nu; &tau;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu; ἀ&phi;ῆ&tau;&epsilon; &tau;ὰ&sigmaf; ἁ&mu;&alpha;&rho;&tau;ί&alpha;&sigmaf;, ἀ&phi;ί&epsilon;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf;&middot; ἄ&nu; &tau;&iota;&nu;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&rho;&alpha;&tau;ῆ&tau;&epsilon;, &kappa;&epsilon;&kappa;&rho;ά&tau;&eta;&nu;&tau;&alpha;&iota;.<br />
	&Theta;&omega;&mu;ᾶ&sigmaf; &delta;ὲ &epsilon;ἷ&sigmaf; ἐ&kappa; &tau;ῶ&nu; &delta;ώ&delta;&epsilon;&kappa;&alpha;, ὁ &lambda;&epsilon;&gamma;ό&mu;&epsilon;&nu;&omicron;&sigmaf; &Delta;ί&delta;&upsilon;&mu;&omicron;&sigmaf;, &omicron;ὐ&kappa; ἦ&nu; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&rsquo; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu; ὅ&tau;&epsilon; ἦ&lambda;&theta;&epsilon;&nu; ὁ Ἰ&eta;&sigma;&omicron;ῦ&sigmaf;.<br />
	ἔ&lambda;&epsilon;&gamma;&omicron;&nu; &omicron;ὖ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῷ &omicron;ἱ ἄ&lambda;&lambda;&omicron;&iota; &mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&tau;&alpha;ί&middot; Ἑ&omega;&rho;ά&kappa;&alpha;&mu;&epsilon;&nu; &tau;ὸ&nu; &Kappa;ύ&rho;&iota;&omicron;&nu;. ὁ &delta;ὲ &epsilon;ἶ&pi;&epsilon;&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῖ&sigmaf;&middot; Ἐὰ&nu; &mu;ὴ ἴ&delta;&omega; ἐ&nu; &tau;&alpha;ῖ&sigmaf; &chi;&epsilon;&rho;&sigma;ὶ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῦ &tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;ύ&pi;&omicron;&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἥ&lambda;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &beta;ά&lambda;&omega; &tau;ὸ&nu; &delta;ά&kappa;&tau;&upsilon;&lambda;ό&nu; &mu;&omicron;&upsilon; &epsilon;ἰ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ&nu; &tau;ύ&pi;&omicron;&nu; &tau;ῶ&nu; ἥ&lambda;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &beta;ά&lambda;&omega; &tau;ὴ&nu; &chi;&epsilon;ῖ&rho;ά &mu;&omicron;&upsilon; &epsilon;ἰ&sigmaf; &tau;ὴ&nu; &pi;&lambda;&epsilon;&upsilon;&rho;ὰ&nu; &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῦ, &omicron;ὐ &mu;ὴ &pi;&iota;&sigma;&tau;&epsilon;ύ&sigma;&omega;.<br />
	&kappa;&alpha;ὶ &mu;&epsilon;&theta;&rsquo; ἡ&mu;έ&rho;&alpha;&sigmaf; ὀ&kappa;&tau;ὼ &pi;ά&lambda;&iota;&nu; ἦ&sigma;&alpha;&nu; ἔ&sigma;&omega; &omicron;ἱ &mu;&alpha;&theta;&eta;&tau;&alpha;ὶ &alpha;ὐ&tau;&omicron;ῦ &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &Theta;&omega;&mu;ᾶ&sigmaf; &mu;&epsilon;&tau;&rsquo; &alpha;ὐ&tau;ῶ&nu;. ἔ&rho;&chi;&epsilon;&tau;&alpha;&iota; ὁ Ἰ&eta;&sigma;&omicron;ῦ&sigmaf; &tau;ῶ&nu; &theta;&upsilon;&rho;ῶ&nu; &kappa;&epsilon;&kappa;&lambda;&epsilon;&iota;&sigma;&mu;έ&nu;&omega;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ ἔ&sigma;&tau;&eta; &epsilon;ἰ&sigmaf; &tau;ὸ &mu;έ&sigma;&omicron;&nu; &kappa;&alpha;ὶ &epsilon;ἶ&pi;&epsilon;&nu;&middot; &Epsilon;ἰ&rho;ή&nu;&eta; ὑ&mu;ῖ&nu;.</em>
</p>
<h2>
	&nbsp;Serbian (Епископски / Orthodox usage)<br />
	Јован 20:19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>А у вече тог првог дана седмице, кад су врата где беху ученици сабрани била затворена од страха од Јудејаца, дође Исус и стаде међу њих и рече им: Мир вам!<br />
	И ово рекавши, показа им руке и ребра Своја. Тада се обрадоваше ученици видевши Господа.<br />
	Тада им Исус опет рече: Мир вам! Као што је Отац послао Мене, и Ја шаљем вас.<br />
	И ово рекавши, дуну и рече им: Примите Духа Светога.<br />
	Којима опростите грехе, опраштају им се; којима задржите, задржани су.<br />
	А Тома, један од дванаесторице, звани Близанац, не беше с њима кад дође Исус.<br />
	Тада му други ученици говораху: Видели смо Господа. А он им рече: Ако не видим на рукама Његовим ране од клинова и не ставим прст свој у ране од клинова и не ставим руку своју у ребра Његова, нећу веровати.<br data-end="2020" data-start="2017" /><br />
	И после осам дана опет беху унутра ученици Његови и Тома с њима. Дође Исус кад врата беху затворена, стаде међу њих и рече: Мир вам!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	&nbsp;Romanian (Biblia sinodală &ndash; Orthodox)<br />
	Ioan 20:19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Și fiind seară, &icirc;n ziua aceea, cea dint&acirc;i a săptăm&acirc;nii, și ușile fiind &icirc;ncuiate unde erau ucenicii adunați de frica iudeilor, a venit Iisus și a stat &icirc;n mijloc și le-a zis: Pace vouă!<br />
	Și zic&acirc;nd aceasta, le-a arătat m&acirc;inile și coasta Sa. Deci s-au bucurat ucenicii, văz&acirc;nd pe Domnul.<br />
	Și le-a zis iarăși Iisus: Pace vouă! Precum M-a trimis pe Mine Tatăl, vă trimit și Eu pe voi.<br />
	Și zic&acirc;nd aceasta, a suflat asupra lor și le-a zis: Luați Duh Sf&acirc;nt.<br />
	Cărora veți ierta păcatele, le vor fi iertate; și cărora le veți ține, vor fi ținute.<br />
	Iar Toma, unul din cei doisprezece, numit Geamănul, nu era cu ei c&acirc;nd a venit Iisus.<br />
	Deci ceilalți ucenici &icirc;i ziceau: Am văzut pe Domnul. Dar el le-a zis: Dacă nu voi vedea &icirc;n m&acirc;inile Lui semnul cuielor și nu voi pune degetul meu &icirc;n semnul cuielor și nu voi pune m&acirc;na mea &icirc;n coasta Lui, nu voi crede.<br />
	Și după opt zile, ucenicii Lui erau iarăși &icirc;năuntru, și Toma &icirc;mpreună cu ei. A venit Iisus, ușile fiind &icirc;ncuiate, și a stat &icirc;n mijloc și a zis: Pace vouă!</em><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	German (Luther tradition / Orthodox-used standard translation style)<br />
	Johannes 20,19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Und am Abend desselben ersten Tages der Woche, als die T&uuml;ren verschlossen waren, wo die J&uuml;nger versammelt waren aus Furcht vor den Juden, kam Jesus und trat mitten unter sie und spricht zu ihnen: Friede sei mit euch!<br data-end="405" data-start="402" /><br />
	Und als er das gesagt hatte, zeigte er ihnen die H&auml;nde und seine Seite. Da wurden die J&uuml;nger froh, dass sie den Herrn sahen.<br data-end="532" data-start="529" /><br />
	Da sprach Jesus abermals zu ihnen: Friede sei mit euch! Gleichwie mich der Vater gesandt hat, so sende ich euch.<br data-end="647" data-start="644" /><br />
	Und als er das gesagt hatte, hauchte er sie an und spricht zu ihnen: Empfangt den Heiligen Geist!<br data-end="747" data-start="744" /><br />
	Welchen ihr die S&uuml;nden erlasst, denen sind sie erlassen; und welchen ihr sie behaltet, denen sind sie behalten.<br data-end="861" data-start="858" /><br />
	Thomas aber, einer der Zw&ouml;lf, der Zwilling genannt wird, war nicht bei ihnen, als Jesus kam.<br data-end="956" data-start="953" /><br />
	Da sagten ihm die anderen J&uuml;nger: Wir haben den Herrn gesehen. Er aber sprach zu ihnen: Wenn ich nicht in seinen H&auml;nden die N&auml;gelmale sehe und meinen Finger in die N&auml;gelmale lege und meine Hand in seine Seite lege, so will ich nicht glauben.<br data-end="1200" data-start="1197" /><br />
	Und nach acht Tagen waren seine J&uuml;nger abermals drinnen, und Thomas war bei ihnen. Kommt Jesus, als die T&uuml;ren verschlossen waren, und tritt mitten unter sie und spricht: Friede sei mit euch!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	Arabic (بطريركي / Orthodox liturgical usage)<br />
	إنجيل يوحنا 20:19&ndash;2<br />
</h2>
<p data-end="2161" data-start="1450">
	<em>ولما كانت عشية ذلك اليوم، وهو أول الأسبوع، وكانت الأبواب مغلقة حيث كان التلاميذ مجتمعين خوفًا من اليهود، جاء يسوع ووقف في الوسط وقال لهم: سلام لكم.<br data-end="1600" data-start="1597" /><br />
	ولما قال هذا أراهم يديه وجنبه، ففرح التلاميذ إذ رأوا الرب.<br data-end="1661" data-start="1658" /><br />
	فقال لهم يسوع ثانية: سلام لكم. كما أرسلني الآب أرسلكم أنا أيضًا.<br data-end="1728" data-start="1725" /><br />
	ولما قال هذا نفخ فيهم وقال لهم: اقبلوا الروح القدس.<br data-end="1782" data-start="1779" /><br />
	من غفرتم خطاياه تُغفر له، ومن أمسكتم خطاياه أُمسكت.<br data-end="1836" data-start="1833" /><br />
	أما توما، أحد الاثني عشر، الذي يُدعى التوأم، فلم يكن معهم حين جاء يسوع.<br data-end="1910" data-start="1907" /><br />
	فقال له التلاميذ الآخرون: قد رأينا الرب. فقال لهم: إن لم أبصر في يديه أثر المسامير وأضع إصبعي في أثر المسامير وأضع يدي في جنبه لا أؤمن.<br data-end="2048" data-start="2045" /><br />
	وبعد ثمانية أيام كان تلاميذه أيضًا داخلًا، وكان توما معهم. جاء يسوع والأبواب مغلقة، ووقف في الوسط وقال: سلام لكم!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	Georgian (საქართველოს მართლმადიდებელი ეკლესია)<br />
	იოანე 20:19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>და იყო მწუხრი იმ დღესა, კვირის პირველ დღეს, და კარნი დახშულნი იყვნენ, სადაც მოწაფენი იყვნენ შეკრებილნი იუდეველთა შიშისგან, მოვიდა იესო და დადგა მათ შორის და ჰრქუა მათ: მშვიდობა თქუენდა.<br />
	და ეს რომ თქვა, უჩვენა მათ ხელნი და გვერდი თვისი. და გაიხარეს მოწაფეებმა, იხილეს რა უფალი.<br />
	მაშინ კვლავ უთხრა მათ იესომ: მშვიდობა თქუენდა; როგორც მამამ მომავლინა მე, მეც თქვენ მოგავლინებთ.<br />
	და ეს რომ თქვა, შეუბერა მათ და უთხრა: მიიღეთ სული წმინდა.<br />
	ვისაც მიუტევებთ ცოდვებს, მიეტევებათ მათ; და ვისაც დაუკავებთ, დაუკავდებათ.<br />
	ხოლო თომა, ერთი თორმეტთაგანი, რომელსაც ეწოდებოდა ტყუპი, არ იყო მათთან, როცა მოვიდა იესო.<br />
	უთხრეს მას სხვა მოწაფეებმა: ვიხილეთ უფალი. ხოლო მან უთხრა მათ: თუ არ ვიხილავ მის ხელებზე ფრჩხილების ნიშანს და არ შევიტან ჩემს თითს ფრჩხილების ნიშანში და არ შევიტან ჩემს ხელს მის გვერდში, არ ვირწმუნებ.<br />
	და რვა დღის შემდეგ კვლავ იყვნენ შინ მისი მოწაფენი და თომაც მათთან. მოვიდა იესო, კარნი დახშულნი იყვნენ, დადგა მათ შორის და უთხრა: მშვიდობა თქუენდა.</em><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	Albanian (Orthodox Albanian Bible usage)<br />
	Gjoni 20:19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Dhe kur u b&euml; mbr&euml;mje n&euml; at&euml; dit&euml;, dit&euml;n e par&euml; t&euml; jav&euml;s, dhe dyert ishin t&euml; mbyllura ku ishin mbledhur dishepujt nga frika e judenjve, erdhi Jezusi dhe q&euml;ndroi n&euml; mes dhe u tha atyre: Paqe juve!<br />
	Dhe pasi tha k&euml;t&euml;, u tregoi duart dhe brinj&euml;n e Tij. At&euml;her&euml; dishepujt u g&euml;zuan kur pan&euml; Zotin.<br />
	Dhe Jezusi u tha p&euml;rs&euml;ri: Paqe juve! Sikurse m&euml; d&euml;rgoi Ati, ashtu ju d&euml;rgoj edhe un&euml; juve.<br />
	Dhe pasi tha k&euml;t&euml;, fryu mbi ta dhe u tha: Merrni Frym&euml;n e Shenjt&euml;.<br />
	Kujt t&rsquo;ia falni m&euml;katet, do t&rsquo;u falen; kujt t&rsquo;ia mbani, do t&rsquo;u mbeten.<br />
	Por Thomai, nj&euml; nga t&euml; dymb&euml;dhjet&euml;t, i quajtur Binjaku, nuk ishte me ta kur erdhi Jezusi.<br />
	Dishepujt e tjer&euml; i thoshin: E pam&euml; Zotin. Por ai u tha: N&euml;se nuk shoh n&euml; duart e Tij shenjat e gozhd&euml;ve dhe nuk v&euml; gishtin tim n&euml; shenjat e gozhd&euml;ve dhe nuk v&euml; dor&euml;n time n&euml; brinj&euml;n e Tij, nuk do t&euml; besoj.<br />
	Dhe pas tet&euml; dit&euml;sh, dishepujt e Tij ishin p&euml;rs&euml;ri brenda dhe Thomai me ta. Erdhi Jezusi, kur dyert ishin t&euml; mbyllura, dhe q&euml;ndroi n&euml; mes dhe tha: Paqe juve!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	Czech (Česk&yacute; ekumenick&yacute; / Orthodox-used translation style)<br />
	Jan 20,19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Když byl večer onoho dne, prvn&iacute;ho dne v t&yacute;dnu, a dveře, kde byli učedn&iacute;ci shrom&aacute;žděni ze strachu před Židy, byly zavřeny, při&scaron;el Jež&iacute;&scaron;, postavil se doprostřed a řekl jim: Pokoj v&aacute;m!<br data-end="1402" data-start="1399" /><br />
	A když to řekl, uk&aacute;zal jim ruce a svůj bok. Učedn&iacute;ci se zaradovali, když viděli P&aacute;na.<br />
	Jež&iacute;&scaron; jim znovu řekl: Pokoj v&aacute;m! Jako Otec poslal mne, tak j&aacute; pos&iacute;l&aacute;m v&aacute;s.<br />
	A když to řekl, dechl na ně a řekl jim: Přijměte Ducha Svat&eacute;ho.<br />
	Komu odpust&iacute;te hř&iacute;chy, budou mu odpu&scaron;těny; komu je zadrž&iacute;te, budou zadrženy.<br />
	Tom&aacute;&scaron;, jeden z dvan&aacute;cti, zvan&yacute; Didymos, nebyl s nimi, když při&scaron;el Jež&iacute;&scaron;.<br />
	Ostatn&iacute; učedn&iacute;ci mu ř&iacute;kali: Viděli jsme P&aacute;na. Ale on jim řekl: Jestliže neuvid&iacute;m na jeho rukou jizvy po hřebech a nevlož&iacute;m svůj prst do jizev po hřebech a nevlož&iacute;m svou ruku do jeho boku, neuvěř&iacute;m.<br />
	A po osmi dnech byli jeho učedn&iacute;ci opět uvnitř a Tom&aacute;&scaron; s nimi. Při&scaron;el Jež&iacute;&scaron;, když byly dveře zavřeny, postavil se doprostřed a řekl: Pokoj v&aacute;m!</em>
</p>
<h2>
	Slovak (Orthodox-used / liturgical style)<br />
	J&aacute;n 20,19&ndash;26<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Keď bol večer toho prv&eacute;ho dňa v t&yacute;ždni a dvere, kde boli učen&iacute;ci zhromažden&iacute; zo strachu pred Židmi, boli zavret&eacute;, pri&scaron;iel Ježi&scaron;, postavil sa doprostred a povedal im: Pokoj v&aacute;m!<br />
	A keď to povedal, uk&aacute;zal im ruky a svoj bok. Učen&iacute;ci sa zaradovali, keď videli P&aacute;na.<br />
	Ježi&scaron; im znova povedal: Pokoj v&aacute;m! Ako mňa poslal Otec, aj ja posielam v&aacute;s.<br />
	A keď to povedal, d&yacute;chol na nich a povedal im: Prijmite Ducha Sv&auml;t&eacute;ho.<br />
	Komu odpust&iacute;te hriechy, bud&uacute; mu odpusten&eacute;; komu ich zadrž&iacute;te, bud&uacute; zadržan&eacute;.<br />
	Tom&aacute;&scaron;, jeden z dvan&aacute;stich, zvan&yacute; Didymus, nebol s nimi, keď pri&scaron;iel Ježi&scaron;.<br />
	Ostatn&iacute; učen&iacute;ci mu hovorili: Videli sme P&aacute;na. Ale on im povedal: Ak neuvid&iacute;m na jeho ruk&aacute;ch stopy po klincoch a nevlož&iacute;m svoj prst do st&ocirc;p po klincoch a nevlož&iacute;m svoju ruku do jeho boku, neuver&iacute;m.<br />
	A po &ocirc;smich dňoch boli jeho učen&iacute;ci znova vn&uacute;tri a Tom&aacute;&scaron; s nimi. Pri&scaron;iel Ježi&scaron;, keď boli dvere zatvoren&eacute;, postavil sa doprostred a povedal: Pokoj v&aacute;m!</em>
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>The Meaning of the Passage</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	This Gospel takes place on the evening of the Resurrection:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>&ldquo;Peace be with you.&rdquo; (John 20:19)</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	The disciples are gathered in fear, behind closed doors. Yet Christ appears among them not as a ghost, but in His glorified body. His greeting, &ldquo;Peace be with you,&rdquo; is not merely comforting, it is transformative. It signals reconciliation between God and humanity.
</p>
<p>
	Christ then shows His wounds, proving that the Crucified One is truly the Risen One.</p>
<p>	<strong>The Gift of the Holy Spirit</strong>
</p>
<p>
	One of the most profound moments in this passage is when Christ breathes on the disciples:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>&ldquo;Receive the Holy Spirit.&rdquo; (John 20:22)</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This act recalls the creation of Adam, when God breathed life into humanity. Here, the Risen Christ inaugurates a new creation&mdash;restoring and renewing mankind.
</p>
<p>
	He also grants the apostles authority:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>&ldquo;If you forgive the sins of any, they are forgiven&hellip;&rdquo; (John 20:23)</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This becomes the foundation of the Church&rsquo;s sacramental life.
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>The Absence of Thomas</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	Thomas is not present during this first appearance. His absence becomes spiritually significant, he represents all who struggle with doubt.
</p>
<p>
	When told of the Resurrection, Thomas responds:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>&ldquo;Unless I see&hellip; I will not believe.&rdquo; (John 20:25)</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This honest doubt sets the stage for the next encounter (read the following Sunday), where faith is deepened through experience.
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>Why It Is Called the &ldquo;Second Resurrection Gospel&rdquo; ?</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	This <strong>Gospel reading</strong> done in multiple languages during <strong>Easter Monday</strong> services, is very adequate in international Church communities such as Orthodox Church pariches in <strong>Western Europe</strong> and<strong> America </strong>where, there are&nbsp;church&nbsp;members from virtually every nationality.&nbsp;<br />
	Those reading is conduceted in <strong>Church Pariches </strong>by people whos native language is the language of reading or by anyone in the Church community that can speak or read the language. Thus the Church assemblyy shows clearly to the World:
</p>
<p>
	<em><strong>1. The universality of the Resurrection for All Mankind and a reference to the Primal Language of Edem which in New Testamental times after Christ is the Language of Love and virtues as given by Christ.<br />
	2.&nbsp;The spreading of the Gospel to all nations (for which the apostles and every Christian has been called by the Saviour<br />
	The unity of the Church across cultures and tongues<br />
	3.&nbsp;The unity of the Church across cultures and tongues and the one saving truth that if practiced as prescribed will lead humanity and each individual to Christs faith and salvation.</strong></em>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Closing words</strong><br />
	&nbsp;<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em><strong>Hopefully this article was interseting for tech guys and some diversity from the boredom of tech stuff. I hope it shed some light love, faith, hope and peace and understanding for anyone who searches for the Truth.</p>
<p>	I will close it with the Great and glorious and spiritually rich Paschal Sermon of Saint John Crysostom, that is being red on the Easter Service (at some Churches it is practice to read this sermon over the first three days Church services of Pasche).</strong></em>
</p>
<article>
<h2>
		<strong><em>The Catechetical Sermon of St. John Chrysostom reading Matins of Pascha.</p>
<p>		<img decoding="async" alt="The_Descent-of-Jesus-Christ-in-Hades-to-save-all-in-Hell-saint-Ekaterina-monastery-from-years-around-1500s" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/The_Descent-of-Jesus-Christ-in-Hades-to-save-all-in-Hell-saint-Ekaterina-monastery-from-years-around-1500s.jpg" style="width: 500px; height: 738px;" /></em></strong><br />
	</h2>
<p>
		<em><strong>The descent to Hades of Christ &#8211; Saint Ekaterina Monastery ancient of Resurrection</p>
<p>		If any man be devout and love God, let him enjoy this fair and radiant triumphal feast.<br />
		If any man be a wise servant, let him rejoicing enter into the joy of his Lord.<br />
		If any have labored long in fasting, let him now receive his recompense.<br />
		If any have wrought from the first hour, let him today receive his just reward.<br />
		If any have come at the third hour, let him with thankfulness keep the feast.<br />
		If any have arrived at the sixth hour, let him have no misgivings; because he shall in nowise be deprived thereof.<br />
		If any have delayed until the ninth hour, let him draw near, fearing nothing.<br />
		If any have tarried even until the eleventh hour, let him, also, be not alarmed at his tardiness; for the Lord, who is jealous of his honor, will accept the last even as the first; He gives rest unto him who comes at the eleventh hour, even as unto him who has wrought from the first hour.</strong></em>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong><em>And He shows mercy upon the last, and cares for the first; and to the one He gives, and upon the other He bestows gifts.<br />
		And He both accepts the deeds, and welcomes the intention, and honors the acts and praises the offering.<br />
		Wherefore, enter you all into the joy of your Lord; and receive your reward, both the first, and likewise the second.<br />
		You rich and poor together, hold high festival. You sober and you heedless, honor the day.<br />
		Rejoice today, both you who have fasted and you who have disregarded the fast.<br />
		The table is full-laden; feast ye all sumptuously.<br />
		The calf is fatted; let no one go hungry away.</em></strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong><em>Enjoy ye all the feast of faith: Receive ye all the riches of loving-kindness.<br />
		Let no one bewail his poverty, for the universal kingdom has been revealed.<br />
		Let no one weep for his iniquities, for pardon has shown forth from the grave.<br />
		Let no one fear death, for the Savior&rsquo;s death has set us free.<br />
		He that was held prisoner of it has annihilated it. By descending into Hell, He made Hell captive.<br />
		He embittered it when it tasted of His flesh.<br />
		And Isaiah, foretelling this, did cry: Hell, said he, was embittered, when it encountered Thee in the lower regions.<br />
		It was embittered, for it was abolished. It was embittered, for it was mocked.<br />
		It was embittered, for it was slain. It was embittered, for it was overthrown.<br />
		It was embittered, for it was fettered in chains.<br />
		It took a body, and met God face to face.<br />
		It took earth, and encountered Heaven.<br />
		It took that which was seen, and fell upon the unseen.</em></strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong><em>O Death, where is your sting? O Hell, where is your victory?<br />
		Christ is risen, and you are overthrown.<br />
		Christ is risen, and the demons are fallen.<br />
		Christ is risen, and the angels rejoice.<br />
		Christ is risen, and life reigns.<br />
		Christ is risen, and not one dead remains in the grave.<br />
		For Christ, being risen from the dead, is become the first fruits of those who have fallen asleep.<br />
		To Him be glory and dominion unto ages of ages.<br />
		Amen.</em></strong>
	</p>
</article>

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 <img src="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-post-id=18464" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;" title="" alt="" /><p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/gospel-resurrection-john-201926-bright-monday-gospel-reading-interpretation/">The Gospel of the Second Resurrection (John 20:19–26) Bright Monday Gospel reading interpretation</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
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		<title>How to Install and Use Grafana Loki on Linux for mupltiple server Log Metrics Monitoring</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/grafana-loki-linux/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/grafana-loki-linux/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Tue, 31 Mar 2026 11:21:19 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Cloud services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Monitoring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Application Debugging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Avoid High Cardinality]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Download Loki]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Failed]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Final Thoughts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Hopefully]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[host]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[How to]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Install]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[issues]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[multiple]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[poor performance]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[rsyslog]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Run Promtail]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18460</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Grafana Loki has become a popular choice for log management on Linux systems, nowadays, because free software like under AGPLv3 licence, it&#8217;s lightweight, cost-efficient, and integrates seamlessly with modern observability stacks. Unlike traditional log systems, Loki focuses on indexing metadata (labels) instead of full log content, which makes it especially attractive for Linux environments where [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/grafana-loki-linux/">How to Install and Use Grafana Loki on Linux for mupltiple server Log Metrics Monitoring</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<strong><img decoding="async" alt="how-to-install-and-use-grafana-loki-on-linux-for-log-metrics-monitoring-for-multiple-server-observability-logo" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/how-to-install-and-use-grafana-loki-on-linux-for-log-metrics-monitoring-for-multiple-server-observability-logo.png" style="width: 538px; height: 318px;" /><br />
	Grafana Loki</strong> has become a popular choice for log management on Linux systems, nowadays, because free software like under AGPLv3 licence, it&rsquo;s <strong>lightweight, cost-efficient</strong>, and<strong> integrates seamlessly with modern observability stacks</strong>. Unlike traditional log systems, Loki focuses on indexing <strong>metadata (labels)</strong> instead of <strong>full log content</strong>, which makes it especially<em> attractive for Linux environments where logs can grow quickly.</em>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Grafana Loki</strong> can be used to <em>create&nbsp;fully featured logging stack</em>. It has a small index and highly compressed chunks which simplifies the operation and significantly lowers the Storage expense of it.<br />
	Unlike<em> other logging systems</em>, <strong>Loki </strong>is built around the idea of<strong> only indexing metadata</strong> about your logs labels (just like Prometheus labels).<br />
	Log data itself is then compressed and stored in chunks in object stores such as <em><strong>Amazon Simple Storage Service (S3)</strong></em> or <em><strong>Google Cloud Storage (GCS)</strong></em>, or even <em><strong>locally on the filesystem</strong></em>.
</p>
<p>
	In this article will give you some&nbsp;<strong>real-world, practical usage of Loki on Linux</strong>, from its setup from zero to day-to-day use workflows.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Reasons why to use Loki on Linux ?</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Linux systems generate logs mainly in<strong> /var/log</strong> but often used extra installed&nbsp;Apps tend to log in different locations for easier log distinguishment, e.g.<br />
	logs location might lack a good structure (be everywhere) :
</p>
<p>
	Some common example locations, where logs are stored
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>/var/log/syslog</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>/var/log/auth.log</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Application logs (/opt/app/logs/*.log)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Container logs, are kept within respective container ( <strong>Docker /&nbsp; PodMan Kubernetes</strong> )</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Sonner or later if you have to manage a large infrastructure of servers you end up, it is pretty easy to end up in a log mess.
</p>
<p>
	This is exaclty where&nbsp;Loki helps you solve:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Centralize logs from multiple machines (</strong>within Grafana)
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Search logs efficiently using log craeted labels</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Correlate logs with metrics in Grafana</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>Loki Architecture Overview</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<br />
	<img decoding="async" alt="loki-use-stack-chain-diagram-from-cloud-to-grafana" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/loki-use-stack-chain-diagram-from-cloud-to-grafana" />
</p>
<p>
	A typical Loki setup on Linux has 3 components:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		<strong>Loki server -&gt;</strong>&nbsp;<em>stores and queries logs</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Promtail</strong>&nbsp;<strong>-&gt;</strong>&nbsp;<em>collects logs from the around the system</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Grafana</strong>&nbsp;<strong>-&gt;</strong>&nbsp;Use it to&nbsp;<em>visualizes and queries logs</em>
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	<strong>Promtail</strong> acts like a lightweight agent that tails log files and sends them to Loki.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>I. Installing Loki on Linux</strong><br />
</h2>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Download Loki</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>$ cd /usr/local/src<br />
		$ wget https://github.com/grafana/loki/releases/latest/download/loki-linux-amd64<br />
		$ chmod +x loki-linux-amd64<br />
		# mv loki-linux-amd64 /usr/local/bin/loki</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Create a simple config like</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>auth_enabled: false</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>server:<br />
		&nbsp; http_listen_port: 3100</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>ingester:<br />
		&nbsp; lifecycler:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; address: 127.0.0.1<br />
		&nbsp; chunk_idle_period: 5m</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>schema_config:<br />
		&nbsp; configs:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; from: 2020-10-24<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; store: boltdb-shipper<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; object_store: filesystem<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; schema: v11<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; index:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; prefix: index_<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; period: 24h</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>storage_config:<br />
		&nbsp; filesystem:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; directory: /var/lib/loki/chunks</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Run Loki</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># loki -config.file=loki.yaml</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Hopefully if all is okay with loki.yaml config the service will start.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>a. Installing Promtail (Log Collection)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>Example&nbsp; config (to modify to your preferences):</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>scrape_configs:<br />
		&nbsp; &#8211; job_name: linux-logs<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; static_configs:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; targets:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; localhost<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; labels:<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; job: syslog<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; host: my-linux-server<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; __path__: /var/log/*.log</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This collects <strong>all logs in /var/log/</strong> and labels them.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>b. Run Promtail</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># promtail -config.file=promtail.yaml</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>! Note </strong>that loki and promtail&nbsp;it is run as root (to have permissions to files which will be processed). This is not the best practice, so for security reasons,<br />
	if you have the necessery storage move out the files to a central log aggregator directory with a script set a unprevileged non-root user for it and run the services with those user.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>c. Run loki / promtail as non-root user:</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Once tested it runs, it is good idea to run two tools with non-root user, i.e.:<br />
	Run promtail as a dedicated user (e.g., promtail).
</p>
<p>
	Add that user to groups like:
</p>
<p>
	<strong>adm</strong> (for <strong>/var/log</strong>)
</p>
<p>
	systemd-journal (for journal logs)<br />
	Adjust file permissions if needed
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># useradd &#8211;system &#8211;no-create-home promtail<br />
		# usermod -aG adm promtail</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>$ loki -config.file=loki.yaml<br />
		$&nbsp;promtail -config.file=promtail.yaml</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>II. Practical Use Cases of Loki on Linux</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>1. System Troubleshooting</strong>
</p>
<p>
	One good use of Loki is to&nbsp;<strong>Search for errors in syslog</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>{job=&quot;syslog&quot;} |= &quot;error&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	By this you can Quickly diagnose:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Boot issues</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Service failures</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Kernel errors</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>2. SSH Login Monitoring</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Track login attempts from<strong> /var/log/auth.log </strong><em>for many&nbsp;VM hosts</em><strong>:</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>{job=&quot;syslog&quot;} |= &quot;sshd&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	You can detect:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Failed login attempts</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Brute-force attacks</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Unauthorized access</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Application Debugging (look for exceptions)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If your app logs to /var/log/app.log and you App running it, to get a view on java thrown exceptions:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>{job=&quot;app&quot;} |= &quot;exception&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This use case can Help&nbsp;developers to:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Trace bugs</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Monitor runtime issues</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Correlate logs with deployments</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Multi-Server Log Aggregation</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Once you run <strong>Promtail</strong> on multiple Linux servers:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>labels:<br />
		&nbsp; host: server1</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Then you can do query to extract collected data for each one if it:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>{job=&quot;syslog&quot;, host=~&quot;server1|server2&quot;}</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This makes multiple machines behave like one unified log source.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>5. Log-Based Metrics</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	You can extract metrics from logs:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>count_over_time({job=&quot;syslog&quot;} |= &quot;error&quot; [5m])</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Use this for:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Alerting</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Error rate tracking</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Incident detection</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>III. Using Grafana for Visualization</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	In <strong>Grafana</strong>, you can:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>View logs in real time</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Build dashboards</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Create alerts based on log patterns</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Example use would be:
</p>
<p>
	Create <strong>Grafana Panel</strong> showing <strong>error rate per host</strong>&nbsp;and <strong>Alert</strong> when<em><strong> errors exceed a threshold.</strong></em>
</p>
<p>
	<em><strong><img decoding="async" alt="loki-log-drill-down-sample-in-grafana" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/loki-log-drill-down-sample-in-grafana.png" style="width: 800px; height: 556px;" /></strong></em>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Good Practices on Loki use</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Always Use Meaningful Labels</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Example for Good label should contain as many descriptory parameters as possible:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		labels:<br />
		&nbsp; app: nginx<br />
		&nbsp; env: prod<br />
		&nbsp; virtualization: vmware<br />
		&nbsp; type: Middleware<br />
		&nbsp; service:: proxy<br />
		&nbsp; Customer: customerA
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Bad obscure label:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		labels:<br />
		&nbsp; request_id: 123456&nbsp;&nbsp;
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<br />
	<strong>2. Avoid Too many Unique labels</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Keep in mind Too many <strong>unique labels</strong> leads to&nbsp;<em><strong>poor performance !</strong></em>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Rotate Logs Properly and optimize with Secure Loki Endpoint</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Loki won&#39;t manage your internal logs, as it can well&nbsp;complement (&nbsp;but not replaces ), on Server / VM traditional tools like <strong>journalctl /</strong>&nbsp;<strong>grep / logrotate</strong>. but just <strong>give you a better overview of what is inside of service spit logs based on easy to give criterias from Grafana.</strong><br />
	You will still need usually at best&nbsp;scenario to &nbsp;<a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvYnVpbGQtY2VudHJhbC1sb2dnaW5nLXNlcnZlci1jb2xsZWN0LXN0b3JlLXZpc3VhbGl6ZS1sb2dzLw%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18460">setup of&nbsp;a<strong> Central Logging Server (to store all Infrastucture logs)</strong></a>.<br />
	Consider also that sending data from your logs with Loki, like with a zabbix client it is always a idea to <strong><em>have reverse proxy like NGINX or Haproxy to reduce Network bandwith and for better management centralization of the infra.</em></strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Secure Loki Endpoint</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Use reverse proxy (<strong>NGINX</strong>)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Enable authentication in production</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>Closure Summary</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	On Linux, <strong>Grafana Loki</strong>&nbsp;can help&nbsp;when:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>You have multiple servers</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Logs are growing fast</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>You need centralized&nbsp; and relatively easy observability</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Loki has its downtimes too as processing the logs to <em>really extract data hits a high CPU use</em>. Running it on a multiple machines is useful,<br />
	especially if your <em>machines has high unutilized CPU IDLE time</em> and you want to make the log data collection per server based being so to say partially duplicated and indepdendent from centralized logging. .<br />
	For high scale infrastructure, however sysadmins prefer to use an <strong>ELK OpenSearch Stack</strong> or log databases such as:<br />
	<strong>VictoriaLogs. With having infrastrcture of 100 servers or so perhaps setting up with some Ansible automation Loki makes sense.<br />
	Loki </strong>is&nbsp;not meant to replace databases or<strong> full-text search engines</strong>, but great often for simple&nbsp;&nbsp;<strong>log aggregation and analysis</strong>&nbsp;and of the simplistic tools available today.</p>

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 <img src="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-post-id=18460" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;" title="" alt="" /><p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/grafana-loki-linux/">How to Install and Use Grafana Loki on Linux for mupltiple server Log Metrics Monitoring</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
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		<title>Automatically Re-plug all USB devices on system resume on Debian Linux using systemd</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/automatically-replug-usb-devices-system-resume-debian-linux-systemd/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/automatically-replug-usb-devices-system-resume-debian-linux-systemd/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Thu, 26 Mar 2026 19:10:17 +0000</pubDate>
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					<description><![CDATA[<p>Lets say you&#8217;re like me and you have an old but gold USB device like USB joystick Maxfire G-08XU (i&#39;ve described&#160;how to configure Joystick / Gamepad on Debian Ubuntu easily), an USB flash drive stick or even some obscure USB keyboard model, that are not among the most compatible device on earth&#160;for linux.&#160;The result is [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/automatically-replug-usb-devices-system-resume-debian-linux-systemd/">Automatically Re-plug all USB devices on system resume on Debian Linux using systemd</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="automatically-replug-all-usb-devices-on-system-resume-on-Debian-Ubuntu-Linux" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/automatically-replug-all-usb-devices-on-system-resume-on-Debian-Ubuntu-Linux.png" /><br />
	Lets say you&rsquo;re like me and you have an <strong>old but gold USB device</strong> like <strong>USB joystick Maxfire G-08XU (i&#39;ve described&nbsp;<a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvY29uZmlndXJlLWpveXN0aWNrLWdhbWVwYWQtZGViaWFuLXVidW50dS1taW50LWdudS1saW51eC8%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18457">how to configure Joystick / Gamepad on Debian Ubuntu easily</a>)</strong>, an <em><strong>USB flash drive stick </strong></em>or even <strong>some obscure USB keyboard model</strong>, that are not <em>among the most compatible device on earth</em>&nbsp;for linux.&nbsp;The result is in <strong>device plug</strong> and <em><strong>Sleeping the system or Hibernating it&nbsp;for a while (when go to bed)</strong></em>&nbsp;you<em><strong> end up with USB device being undetected by the system. Once you</strong></em>&nbsp;recover the Laptop / PC from being in <strong><em>Sleep mode / hibernate, the device becomes undetected by system, even though, even though the Linux kernel recognizes in lsusb. That weirdity continues</em></strong>&nbsp;until you do the manual <strong>hard workaround</strong>, which is to <strong>manually unplug the device cable and replug it again.</strong><br />
	Though Linux has advanced much with this stuff over last years still this problems can occur every now and then. Thanksfully there is a quick fix to that. You can create a small script that reloads all the USB devices on PC<br />
	want the script to <strong>run automatically after your Debian laptop wakes up from suspend/hibernate</strong>. On Linux, the way to do this is using <strong>systemd sleep hooks</strong>. Here&rsquo;s how to do it properly by using a small script + systemd.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Create a systemd sleep script</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Create a new directory and file:
</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>
<strong># mkdir -p /etc/systemd/system-sleep</strong>

<strong># vim /etc/systemd/system-sleep/usb-replug.sh</strong></pre>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Add this content:
</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>
#!/bin/bash
# Only run on resume (wake up)
case &quot;$1&quot; in
    post)
        # Replace &#39;1-3&#39; with your USB bus-port ID
        echo &#39;1-3&#39; | tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind
        sleep 2
        echo &#39;1-3&#39; | tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
        ;;
esac



If </pre>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<h3>
		<br />
		If you need script logging use instead this small script:<br />
	</h3>
<p>
		&nbsp;
	</p>
<p>
		#!/bin/bash
	</p>
<p>
		case $1/$2 in<br />
		pre/*)<br />
		# before suspend: you can put commands here if needed<br />
		;;<br />
		post/*)<br />
		# after resume: run your USB replug commands<br />
		echo &quot;$(date) &#8211; Running USB replug script&quot; &gt;&gt; /var/log/usb-replug.log<br />
		# Example command: trigger USB rescan<br />
		for bus in /sys/bus/usb/devices/*/authorized; do<br />
		echo 0 | sudo tee $bus<br />
		echo 1 | sudo tee $bus<br />
		done<br />
		;;<br />
		esac
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Make it executable and reload systemd services</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<pre>
# <strong>chmod +x /etc/systemd/system-sleep/usb-replug.sh</strong>
</pre>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Once you&rsquo;ve created the script in <strong><code>/etc/systemd/system-sleep/</code></strong> and made it executable, <strong>systemd will automatically call it on suspend/resume</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	To make sure everything is recognized, you can:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>
			<em><strong>Reload systemd units (optional but recommended)</strong></em>
		</p>
</li>
</ol>
<blockquote>
<pre>
<strong># systemctl daemon-reload</strong></pre>
</blockquote>
<ol start="2">
<li>
<p>
			<em><strong>Test it manually by suspending and resuming your machine</strong></em>
		</p>
</li>
</ol>
<pre>
<strong># systemctl suspend</strong></pre>
<p>
	After resuming, your script should run automatically and you should see the missing devices that you had to physically unplug and plug back to normal.<br />
	<strong><em>Hooray ! 🙂</em></strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. How it works (systemd respawn)</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
<p>
			<strong><code>systemd</code> </strong>runs scripts in <strong><code>/etc/systemd/system-sleep/</code></strong> on suspend and resume.
		</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
			<code>$1</code> is either <code>pre</code> (before sleep) or <code>post</code> (after wake).
		</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
			The script unbinds and rebinds your USB device right after the system resumes.
		</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Tip:</strong> You can also use <code>usbreset</code> instead of unbind/bind if you prefer, just replace the echo lines with:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># usbreset /dev/bus/usb/001/005</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Alternatively you can use one time a simple one liner script that does the job like this:<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># cat replug_usbs_linux.sh</strong><br />
		#!/bin/bash
	</p>
<p>
		# one liner script to replug all USB devices like you have physically replugged all USBs useful if for example some of USB devices stuck after linux computer sleep
	</p>
<p>
		# for example my old maxfire g-08 usb joystick does mess up and i have to physically replug it (to work around this i simply run this script
	</p>
<p>
		d=$(lsusb -t | grep -m1 &#39;Driver=&#39; | sed -E &#39;s|.*Port ([0-9]+):.*Bus ([0-9]+).*|\2-\1|&#39;) &amp;&amp; echo $d | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/unbind &amp;&amp; sleep 2 &amp;&amp; echo $d | sudo tee /sys/bus/usb/drivers/usb/bind
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	&nbsp;</p>

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 <img src="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-post-id=18457" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;" title="" alt="" /><p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/automatically-replug-usb-devices-system-resume-debian-linux-systemd/">Automatically Re-plug all USB devices on system resume on Debian Linux using systemd</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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			<dc:creator>hip0</dc:creator></item>
		<item>
		<title>Building a 10-Server FreeBSD Jail Cluster Running a LAMP (Linux / Apache / MySQL / Perl / PHP / Python) Stack</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/building-10server-freebsd-jail-cluster-running-lamp-linux-apache-mysql-perl-php-python-stack/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/building-10server-freebsd-jail-cluster-running-lamp-linux-apache-mysql-perl-php-python-stack/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Wed, 25 Mar 2026 15:47:13 +0000</pubDate>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18451</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Virtualization and workload isolation are foundational to modern infrastructure. While most teams today default to container platforms like Docker and orchestration systems such as Kubernetes, an older and highly capable alternative exists in the form of jails from FreeBSD. FreeBSD jails provide lightweight OS-level isolation, allowing multiple independent userland environments to run on a single [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/building-10server-freebsd-jail-cluster-running-lamp-linux-apache-mysql-perl-php-python-stack/">Building a 10-Server FreeBSD Jail Cluster Running a LAMP (Linux / Apache / MySQL / Perl / PHP / Python) Stack</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<strong><img decoding="async" alt="building-freebsd-jails-cluster-running-linux-apache-10-cluster-high-availability-with-mariadb-perl-php-howto" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/building-freebsd-jails-cluster-running-linux-apache-10-cluster-high-availability-with-mariadb-perl-php-howto.png" style="width: 480px; height: 240px;" /></strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Virtualization and workload isolation</strong> are foundational to modern infrastructure.<br />
	While most teams today default to container platforms like <strong>Docker</strong> and <strong>orchestration systems </strong>such as <strong>Kubernetes</strong>, an o<em><strong>lder and highly capable alternative exists in the form of jails from FreeBSD.</strong></em>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>FreeBSD jails </strong>provide <strong>lightweight OS-level isolation</strong>, <em>allowing multiple independent userland environments to run on a single host. Introduced long before containers became mainstream, jails were designed with a<strong> strong focus on security, simplicity, and performance.</strong></em><br />
	Despite their maturity and robustness, they are less commonly used today, largely due to the r<strong>apid rise of container ecosystems</strong> and c<strong>loud-native tooling</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	Choosing between <strong>jails </strong>and containers is not simply a matter of &ldquo;<strong>old vs new</strong>,&rdquo; but rather a trade-off between<strong> control and simplicity</strong> versus <strong>portability and ecosystem support.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Short Comparison of FreeBSD jails and Containers ( Pros and Cons )</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Advantages of FreeBSD Jails</strong><br />
</h2>
<h2>
	<strong>a. Strong, simple isolation</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>Jails</strong> provide a clear and tightly integrated security boundary within the <em>FreeBSD kernel</em>. Their design is straightforward, <strong>reducing the risk of misconfiguration compared to layered container security models.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong><img decoding="async" alt="freebsd_jails_infographic_diagram" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/freebsd_jails_infographic_diagram.png" style="width: 512px; height: 517px;" /></strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>b. High performance</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Because jails operate very close to the base system, they deliver near-native performance with minimal overhead&mdash;especially beneficial for networking and I/O-heavy workloads.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>c. Operational simplicity</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>There are fewer component moving parts (easier to maintain and debbug):</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>No separate container runtime </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>No image layers </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>No complex orchestration requirements </strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>This makes jails appealing for stable, long-running systems.</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>d. Predictability and stability</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	FreeBSD&rsquo;s conservative, design philosophy results in systems that are highly stable over long periods, that&nbsp;is ideal for infrastructure roles like: storage or networking.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Disadvantages of FreeBSD Jails</strong><br />
</h2>
<h2>
	<strong>a. Limited portability</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Not neceserry a huge disadvantage but still,<br />
	<strong>Jails are tied to FreeBSD. </strong>Unlike containers, they<strong> cannot be easily moved across different operating systems or cloud platforms.</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<br />
	<strong>b. Smaller ecosystem</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>FBSD Jails</strong> is not full equivallent to:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Container registries (like Docker Hub) </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Massive orchestration ecosystems </strong>(similar things has to be done with scripts and customizations)
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Broad third-party integrations </strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>This can&nbsp;slow down a bit development and deployment workflows. </strong>Though for a matured Applications that are once well tuned with jails that can be not a real probblem.
</p>
<p>
	Note that though a con, this can also be a pros, as once you tune up an App for it becomes easier to maintain.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>c. Less automation tooling</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>While tools exist, they are not as standardized or widely adopted as container-based CI/CD pipelines.</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>d. Harder to find people for it</strong><br />
	&nbsp;<br />
</h2>
<p>
	Most <strong>developers and DevOps engineers are trained in container technologies, making hiring and collaboration easier in container-based environments. </strong>However for <strong>senior hard core&nbsp;sysadmins</strong> and <strong>system engineers</strong> that could be also advantage as not so many people have an indepth insight with both freebsd and <strong>fbsd jails</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	This guide walks through a practical, production-style setup: <strong>10 FreeBSD servers</strong>, each running isolated <strong>jails</strong> that host a classic <strong>LAMP stack</strong> (Linux, here replaced by<em><strong> FreeBSD, Apache, MySQL/MariaDB, PHP</strong></em>).<br />
	However still the use of companies or individuals who choose freebsd jails aim to better&nbsp;focus is on <strong>repeatability, clean architecture, and operational sanity</strong>, n<strong>ot just getting it to run once</strong>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Architecture Overview of sample FBSD Cluster</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>Our Goal:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>10 physical or virtual servers</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Each server runs multiple jails</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Each jail runs a LAMP app instance</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Load balancing across nodes (to have a High Availability Cluster like setup)</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Host Setup:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em><strong>2 &times; load balancer nodes (nginx or HAProxy)</strong></em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em><strong>6 &times; application nodes (Apache + PHP in jails)</strong></em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em><strong>2 &times; database nodes (MariaDB primary/replica)</strong></em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	All systems run <strong>FreeBSD</strong>, using native <strong>jails</strong> for isolation.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Base FreeBSD Installation (All 10 Servers)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Install FreeBSD on each machine (minimal install is fine).
</p>
<p>
	Update system:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># freebsd-update fetch install<br />
		# pkg update &amp;&amp; pkg upgrade -y</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Install base tools:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y sudo vim bash git</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>2</strong><strong>. Install Jail Management tool (iocage)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	We&rsquo;ll use <strong>iocage</strong>, a modern jail manager.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y iocage<br />
		# sysrc iocage_enable=&quot;YES&quot;<br />
		# service iocage start</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Activate ZFS (recommended):
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># zpool create zroot /dev/da0</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Initialize iocage:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># iocage activate zroot<br />
		# iocage fetch</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Create a Reusable Jail Template</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Instead of building each jail manually, create a <strong>golden template</strong>.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># iocage create -n lamp-template -r 13.2-RELEASE ip4_addr=&quot;vnet0|10.0.0.10/24&quot; boot=off<br />
		# iocage start lamp-template<br />
		# iocage console lamp-template</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Install LAMP Stack Inside the Jail</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Inside the jail:
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>4.1. Install Apache</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y apache24<br />
		# sysrc apache24_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>4.2. Install MariaDB</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y mariadb106-server<br />
		# sysrc mysql_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<em>Initialize DB:</em>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>service mysql-server start<br />
		mysql_secure_installation</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>4.3. Install PHP pre-compiled ports</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y php82 php82-mysqli php82-mbstring php82-opcache</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Configure Apache to use PHP:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># echo &#39;LoadModule php_module libexec/apache24/libphp.so&#39; &gt;&gt; /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf<br />
		# echo &#39;AddType application/x-httpd-php .php&#39; &gt;&gt; /usr/local/etc/apache24/httpd.conf</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>5. Test LAMP&nbsp;Stack works OK</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Create a test file:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># echo &quot;&lt;?php phpinfo(); ?&gt;&quot; &gt; /usr/local/www/apache24/data/index.php</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Start services:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>service apache24 start</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Visit the jail IP and&nbsp;confirm PHP (page output) works in <em><strong>Firefox / Chrome&nbsp;Browser</strong></em>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>6. Convert Template into Clones</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Stop Jail and snapshot:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>iocage stop lamp-template<br />
		iocage snapshot lamp-template@base</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Clone for production:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>iocage clone lamp-template -n app01 ip4_addr=&quot;vnet0|10.0.0.21/24&quot;<br />
		iocage clone lamp-template -n app02 ip4_addr=&quot;vnet0|10.0.0.22/24&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Repeat across servers and once working <strong>create a small shell script </strong>to run as a cron job to <strong>create backups automated</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	Each server might run 5 up to 20 jails depending on resources.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>7. Networking Between Jails</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Use <strong>VNET</strong> for proper isolation:
</p>
<p>
	Enable bridge on host:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># ifconfig bridge0 create<br />
		# ifconfig bridge0 addm em0 up</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Assign jail interfaces automatically via iocage.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>8. &nbsp;Load Balancing Layer</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	On 2 dedicated nodes, install nginx:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># pkg install -y nginx<br />
		# sysrc nginx_enable=&quot;YES&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Example config:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		http {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; upstream backend {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; server 10.0.0.21;<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; server 10.0.0.22;<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; server 10.0.1.21;<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; server 10.0.1.22;<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }
	</p>
<p>
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; server {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; listen 80;
	</p>
<p>
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; location / {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; proxy_pass http://backend;<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; }<br />
		}
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>9. Database Strategy</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	You have few options to choose from:
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>a.&nbsp;Use Centralized DB</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Dedicated DB jails on 2 nodes
	</li>
<li>
		Primary + replica
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>b.&nbsp;Use Per-node DB (simpler)</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Each jail has its own MariaDB
	</li>
<li>
		Use app-level replication if needed
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>10. Automation Across 10 Servers</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Use tools like:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong><em>Ansible</em></strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong><em>SSH scripts</em></strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong><em>ZFS replication</em></strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Example (simple parallel execution loop) or use a set of scripts to handle updating with some <strong>Ansible Playbooks or Puppet</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># for host in server{1..10}; do<br />
		&nbsp; ssh $host &quot;pkg update&quot;<br />
		done</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>Few more Operational Tips to consider</strong>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>a. Tune up setup / Do Resource management</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Limit jail CPU/memory using <strong>rctl</strong></em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Avoid overcommitting <strong>RAM</strong></em>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>b. Use Centralized Logging</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Centralize logs via syslog or<strong> ELK stack / Elasticsearch (<a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvYnVpbGQtY2VudHJhbC1sb2dnaW5nLXNlcnZlci1jb2xsZWN0LXN0b3JlLXZpc3VhbGl6ZS1sb2dzLw%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18451">see previous Build Central Logging server to Collect, Stire and Visualize&nbsp;Logs</a>)</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>c. Do regular jail Backups</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Use ZFS snapshots to backup each of the Jails:
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># zfs snapshot zroot/iocage/jails/app01@backup<br />
		&#8230;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>d. Tighten Security</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Disable root SSH</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Use PF firewall on host</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Keep jails minimal</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>e. Do a Further Scaling Strategy</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Add more servers -&gt;&nbsp;replicate template</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Add more jails -&gt;&nbsp;clone snapshots</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Scale horizontally via load balancer</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>Summary and Last Thoughts</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>When Choose FBSD Jails and when Containers</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Use jails</strong> when you control the infrastructure, need maximum efficiency, and value simplicity (e.g., appliances, CDNs, storage systems).
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Use containers</strong> when portability, scalability, and integration with modern DevOps workflows are critical.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	This setup plays to the strengths of FreeBSD jails:
</p>
<p>
	<strong>1. Performance:</strong> <em>near-native speed</em><br />
	<strong>2.Isolation:</strong> strong and predictable<br />
	<strong>3.&nbsp;Simplicity:</strong> fewer layers than container stacks
</p>
<p>
	<strong>FreeBSD jails</strong> remain a powerful and <em><strong>efficient isolation mechanism, particularly well-suited for controlled, performance-sensitive environments</strong></em>. Containers, however, dominate in modern application deployment due to their flexibility and ecosystem. The choice ultimately depends on whether you prioritize <strong>system-level control</strong> or <strong>platform-level convenience</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	You won&rsquo;t get the ecosystem of tools like <strong>Docker</strong> or <strong>Kubernetes</strong>, but you gain <strong>control, stability, and efficiency</strong>, which is exactly why companies like <strong>Netflix</strong> still rely on this model in critical infrastructure.
</p>
<p>
	&nbsp;</p>

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		<pubDate>Mon, 23 Mar 2026 13:32:18 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Entertainment]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux and FreeBSD Desktop]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux multimedia]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Video Streaming]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[check]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[choices]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[config]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Configure Caddy]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[create]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Disable Aggressive Metadata Scanning]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[downloads]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[downtime]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[during]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Filesystem Layout Matters]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fine]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[fix]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HTTPS]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Important]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Install Docker Minimal]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[issues]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Jeffylin Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Keep Jellyfin Boring]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux?]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[metadata]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[pull]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Restart]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[roll]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[server]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Start Jellyfin]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[systemctl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[time]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18384</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>If you a Linux realm user the requirements to have a convenient entertainment with *unix grows every day thus setting up a home media hub on a personal server and enjoying some movie streams, store movies, music and photos becomes a must.&#160; As of today one common tool that enables you that that is choose [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/installing-jellyfin-linux-abuilt-open-source-media-solution/">Installing Jellyfin on Linux to have abuilt in Own self hosted open source Media solution</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux-logo" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux-logo1.png" style="width: 480px; height: 270px;" />
</p>
<p>
	If you a Linux realm user the requirements to have a convenient entertainment with *unix grows every day thus setting up a home media hub on a personal server and enjoying some movie streams, store movies, music and photos becomes a must.&nbsp;<br />
	As of today one common tool that enables you that that is choose by most Linux enthusiasts is Jellyfin.
</p>
<p>
	<em><strong>&quot;Jellyfin is a free, open-source media server that lets you organize, stream, and access your movies, TV shows, music, and photos from anywhere.<br />
	Jellyfin also can serve media to DLNA and Chromecast-enabled devices&quot;</strong></em>
</p>
<p>
	Running your own advanced media server becomes easiy task as Jellyfin is often a preferred choice to the older MiniDLNA (see my previous <a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvY29uZmlndXJlLW1lZGlhLXN0cmVhbWluZy1taW5pZGxuYS1saW51eC1zZXJ2ZXItYWNjZXNzLWRhdGEtc21hcnQtdHYv&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">Configure own Media streaming minidlna Linux server to access data from your Smart TV</a>). By using Docker, deploying powerful self-hosted applications becomes faster and easily reproduce across various Linux environments (e.g. do it multiple time for friends or companies).&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	<br />
	&nbsp;By leveraging Docker, you can isolate Jellyfin from your host system, simplify updates, and ensure consistent performance across different Linux distributions.&quot;
</p>
<p>
	It is possible to install jellyfin via both using common one by one component classical way or just roll on the docker image, in this article i&#39;ll show the docker install, as this will save you a lot of time and hussles to configure the Media server.
</p>
<p>
	The main advantages to use the docker image are:<br />
	It is more:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		predictable
	</li>
<li>
		easily upgradeable
	</li>
<li>
		easy to debug
	</li>
<li>
		easy to roll back and if necessery remove
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	In this short guide, we&#39;ll show how to install and run Jellyfin on a Linux system using Docker image an approach that avoids complex manual setup while providing a clean, portable easiiy to manage environment in minutes.
</p>
<p>
	Here&rsquo;s how I set it up:<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1.&nbsp;Install Docker Minimal release</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	On <em>Debian / Ubuntu</em> and other Deb Linux derivatives:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># apt install docker.io docker-compose-plugin</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># systemctl enable &#8211;now docker</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Verify:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># docker version</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	If Docker doesn&rsquo;t start, fix <em>that first</em>. Don&rsquo;t continue until it works.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2.&nbsp;Create a Dedicated Jellyfin User</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	This avoids permission chaos later.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># useradd -r -s /usr/sbin/nologin jellyfin</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Create directories:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># mkdir -p /srv/jellyfin/{config,cache}</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong># mkdir -p /srv/media</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Set ownership:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># chown -R jellyfin:jellyfin /srv/jellyfin</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Media directory permissions depend on how files are written. Read-only is fine for Jellyfin:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># chmod -R 755 /srv/media</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Create Docker Compose File</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	To have latetest docker Jellyfin image, Create <strong><em>docker-compose.yml</em></strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># cd /srv/jellyfin</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong># vim docker-compose.yml</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		Contents:
	</p>
<p>
		services:
	</p>
<p>
		&nbsp;<em> jellyfin:</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; image: jellyfin/jellyfin:latest</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; container_name: jellyfin</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; user: &quot;1000:1000&quot;</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; network_mode: bridge</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; ports:</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; &quot;8096:8096&quot;</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; volumes:</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; ./config:/config</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; ./cache:/cache</em>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &#8211; /srv/media:/media:ro</em>
	</p>
<p>
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; restart: unless-stopped
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>Important notes:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>No random UID/GID guessing</strong> &mdash; set it deliberately
	</li>
<li>
		Media is <strong>read-only</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Config lives on the host, not inside the container
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If UID 1000 isn&rsquo;t correct on your system, check with:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># id jellyfin</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>4.&nbsp;Start Jellyfin</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># docker compose up -d</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Check logs:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># docker logs jellyfin</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	If it fails here take the time to closely debug what is gong and&nbsp;fix it <strong>now before proceeding to next steps.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>5.&nbsp;Initial Setup (Browser)</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Open:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em><strong>http://server-ip:8096</strong></em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	During setup:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Create a <strong>local user</strong>, not remote auth
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Disable automatic metadata downloads if bandwidth matters</em>
	</li>
<li>
		Point libraries to /media
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Don&rsquo;t rush through this. Jellyfin remembers your choices.
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux1.png" /><img decoding="async" alt="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux1" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux1.png" style="height: 406px; width: 640px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux2" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux2.png" style="width: 640px; height: 406px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux3" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux3.png" style="width: 640px; height: 406px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux4" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/install-jellyfin-media-server-docker-linux4.png" style="width: 640px; height: 406px;" />
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>6.&nbsp;Hardware Acceleration ( to improve performance )</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If your laptop has Intel graphics, install:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># apt install intel-media-va-driver vainfo</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Verify:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># vainfo</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Then add to <strong>docker-compose.yml</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		devices:
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>&nbsp; &#8211; /dev/dri:/dev/dri</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Restart:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># docker compose down</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong># docker compose up -d</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This massively reduces CPU usage during transcoding.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>7.&nbsp;Keep Jellyfin docker image Updated</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	To <em><strong>Apply latest Jellifyn Docker image Updates</strong></em>, run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># docker compose pull</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong># docker compose up -d</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Backup:
</p>
<p>
	In case if it breaks for a reason and you have to quickly rebuild always keep backup of:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>/srv/jellyfin/config</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Your Data (media) should already be stored on external NAS or NFS
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Say&nbsp;Jellyfin breaks after an update, you can roll back the image copy over the config and enjoy.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>8. Install and use Jeffilyn Media server extra productivity plugins</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Once the server is up and running you can further extend it as Jeffilyn supports a <strong>number of helpful plugins</strong>.<br />
	A three common plugins of choice people do use together with it you might want to try are:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Inline TODOs: Automatically collects all tasks marked in your notes into one summary page.
	</li>
<li>
		Key Promoter X: An IntelliJ plugin that teaches you keyboard shortcuts by showing a popup every time you use the mouse for a command.
	</li>
<li>
		Simple Backup: Widely considered an essential plugin for Joplin to prevent data loss.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Common Mistakes to Avoid durinb build&nbsp;</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em>Double check the install for&nbsp;authorization / permission issues:</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Don&#39;t run Jellyfin as root
	</li>
<li>
		Don&#39;t let it have permission to&nbsp; write to media directories
	</li>
<li>
		Again Add firewall to prevent&nbsp;port 8096 direct exposure to the internet
	</li>
<li>
		Don&#39;t mix installs and Docker installs
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If you want it public-facing (service to be accessible on the Internet), put it <a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvc2V0dXAtbmdpbngtcmV2ZXJzZS1wcm94eS1saW51eC1ob3d0by8%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">behind a reverse proxy be it </a><strong><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvc2V0dXAtbmdpbngtcmV2ZXJzZS1wcm94eS1saW51eC1ob3d0by8%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">NGINX</a>&nbsp;or Haproxy (see <a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvcHJvdGVjdC1hcHBsaWNhdGlvbi1zZXJ2ZXJzLXNxbC1pbmplY3RzLXJlZGlyZWN0aW9uLWhhbmRsaW5nLWNsaWNrLWphY2tpbmctaGFwcm94eS1sb2FkLWJhbGFuY2VyLw%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">my previous how to protect Applications from SQL Inject, Redirects and Hijacking with Haproxy Load Balancer</a>)&nbsp;or <a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvYXBhY2hlLXJldmVyc2UtcHJveHktdG9tY2F0LXJldmVyc2UtcHJveHlpbmcv&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">Apache</a></strong><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly93d3cucGMtZnJlYWsubmV0L2Jsb2cvYXBhY2hlLXJldmVyc2UtcHJveHktdG9tY2F0LXJldmVyc2UtcHJveHlpbmcv&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18384">&nbsp;Reverse Proxy</a> and make sure TLS is configured. That&rsquo;s a great topic for a&nbsp;<strong>separate article</strong> for a reason.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>What you should have achieved ?</strong>With this few steps you&#39;ll&nbsp; Have a Jeffylin Linux self &#8211; hosted&nbsp;Media Solution with Clear separation of data, config, and software.<br />
	The docker setup&nbsp;is easy to update destroy and if necessery rebuilt.&nbsp;<br />
	To access the Media Library just setup you can use <strong>Jeffylin Web client / Jeffilyn Media Player desktop (stand-alone) app or the Apps available for Android and various versions of iOS and even use it with a client on LG TVs.</strong><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<ul>
</ul>
<p>
	&nbsp;</p>

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			<dc:creator>hip0</dc:creator></item>
		<item>
		<title>Build a Central Linux Logging Server to Collect, Store, and Visualize All Infrastructure node Logs</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/build-central-logging-server-collect-store-visualize-logs/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/build-central-logging-server-collect-store-visualize-logs/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Fri, 20 Mar 2026 19:47:32 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Automation]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Backups]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[access]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Access Kibana]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Configure Filebeat]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[create]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deb]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[debian linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[enable]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[GREEDYDATA]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[hosts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Index Lifecycle Management Rotate]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Install Logstash Optional]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Install Prerequisites]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[multiple]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[running]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[servers]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sudo]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[SYSLOGTIMESTAMP]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[systemctl]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[vim]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[wget]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18443</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>If you manage multiple servers or collection of multiple services on many nodes within a company server infrastructure, you know the pain of dealing with logs scattered to multiple locations across systems. It is really crazy and takes up a lot of time and drains energy. One server shows nothing, another rotated logs yesterday, and [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/build-central-logging-server-collect-store-visualize-logs/">Build a Central Linux Logging Server to Collect, Store, and Visualize All Infrastructure node Logs</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="build-a-central-linux-logging-server-to-collect-store-and-visualize-all-infrastructure-node-logs" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/build-a-central-linux-logging-server-to-collect-store-and-visualize-all-infrastructure-node-logs.jpg" style="width: 480px; height: 243px;" /><br />
	If you manage <strong>multiple servers</strong> or c<strong>ollection of multiple services on many nodes within a company server infrastructure,</strong> you know the pain of dealing with logs scattered to multiple locations across systems. It is really crazy and takes up a lot of time and drains energy.<br />
	One server shows nothing, another rotated logs yesterday, and your app logs are buried somewhere in <strong>/var/log/app</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	A <strong>central logging server</strong> solves this problem, as <strong><em>all logs collected, stored</em></strong>, and accessible in <strong><em>one single place</em></strong>.
</p>
<p>
	In this article will present shortly how to build one using <strong>ELK Stack + Beats</strong> (<em>lightweight agents</em>) on a Linux server.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Architecture Overview</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Here&rsquo;s the typical flow looks like this:
</p>
<p>
	<em>[ Servers / Apps ] &#8211;> [ Filebeat / Metricbeat ] &#8211;> [ Logstash ] &#8211;> [ Elasticsearch ] &#8211;> [ Kibana / Grafana (Visualization) ]</em>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Beats</strong> &rarr; Lightweight log shippers installed on all machines.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Logstash</strong> &rarr; Optional pipeline for parsing, filtering, and enriching logs.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Elasticsearch</strong> &rarr; Storage and search engine.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Kibana / Grafana</strong> &rarr; Visualization dashboards.
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Prepare Your Central Logging Server</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>Requirements:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Debian Linux 12 recommended / Ubuntu or Fedora RHEL
	</li>
<li>
		At least 4 GB RAM (8+ GB for production ELK)
	</li>
<li>
		Plan enough SSD storage (logs grow fast)
	</li>
<li>
		Open ports: 5044 for Beats, 9200 for Elasticsearch, 5601 for Kibana
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Install Prerequisites</strong>
</p>
<p>
	#<strong> apt update &amp;&amp; sudo apt install openjdk-17-jdk wget curl apt-transport-https -y</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>ELK</strong> requires Java, <strong><em>OpenJDK 17</em></strong> should work fine.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Install Elasticsearch</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em><strong># wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/elasticsearch/elasticsearch-8.11.1-amd64.deb<br />
		# dpkg -i elasticsearch-8.11.1-amd64.deb<br />
		# systemctl enable elasticsearch<br />
		# systemctl start elasticsearch</strong></em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	<strong>Check ElasticSearch server is running:</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># curl -X GET &quot;localhost:9200/&quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	That should see the Cluster info in JSON format.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Install Kibana</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/kibana/kibana-8.11.1-amd64.deb<br />
		# dpkg -i kibana-8.11.1-amd64.deb<br />
		# systemctl enable kibana<br />
		# systemctl start kibana</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Access Kibana URL in browser:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>http://&lt;server-ip&gt;:5601</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>5. Install Logstash to Process logs before sending to Elasticserch</strong><br />
</h2>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># wget https://artifacts.elastic.co/downloads/logstash/logstash-8.11.1.deb<br />
		# dpkg -i logstash-8.11.1.deb<br />
		#&nbsp;systemctl enable logstash<br />
		# systemctl start logstash</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>Logstash </strong>allows filtering and structuring logs before sending them to Elasticsearch. Example simple pipeline:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># vim /etc/logstash/conf.d/syslog.conf</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<em>input {<br />
		&nbsp; beats {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; port =&gt; 5044<br />
		&nbsp; }<br />
		}<br />
		filter {<br />
		&nbsp; grok { match =&gt; { &quot;message&quot; =&gt; &quot;%{SYSLOGTIMESTAMP:timestamp} %{SYSLOGHOST:host} %{DATA:program}: %{GREEDYDATA:message}&quot; } }<br />
		}<br />
		output {<br />
		&nbsp; elasticsearch {<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; hosts =&gt; [&#8220;localhost:9200&#8221;]<br />
		&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; index =&gt; &quot;central-logs-%{+YYYY.MM.dd}&quot;<br />
		&nbsp; }<br />
		}</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<strong>Start Logstash</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># systemctl restart logstash</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>6. Install Beats on Client Machines</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	On each server you want to monitor:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># apt install filebeat metricbeat -y</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	<strong>Configure Filebeat</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Edit config
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># vim &nbsp;/etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Set the output to your central server:
</p>
<p>
	output.logstash:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong><em>hosts: [&quot;</em></strong><central-server-ip><strong><em>:5044&quot;]</em></strong></central-server-ip>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Start the agent:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>systemctl enable filebeat<br />
		systemctl start filebeat</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Do the same for Metricbeat if you want metrics like CPU, memory, disk.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>7. Create Dashboards in Kibana or Grafana</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		In <strong>Kibana</strong>, use <strong>Discover</strong> to view logs.
	</li>
<li>
		Create visualizations for <em>errors, warnings, top endpoints</em>, etc.
	</li>
<li>
		Use <strong>Grafana</strong> if you want <em>multi-source dashboards, combining logs and metrics</em>.
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>8. Optional: Secure Your Logging Server</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		Enable <strong>TLS/SSL</strong> in Beats and Elasticsearch.
	</li>
<li>
		Use <strong>firewall rules</strong> to restrict access.
	</li>
<li>
		Create dedicated <strong>users</strong> in Elasticsearch for log access.
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>9. Maintenance Tips</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Index Lifecycle Management</strong> &rarr; Rotate daily and delete old logs automatically.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Monitor disk usage</strong> &rarr; Logs grow fast. SSDs are better.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Filter noise</strong> &rarr; Don&rsquo;t ship debug logs unless needed.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Backup Elasticsearch</strong> &rarr; Especially if logs are critical.
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>Sum Up, how it&nbsp;Works</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>All logs are centralized &rarr; easier troubleshooting.</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Scalable &rarr; add new servers, Beats handle shipping automatically.</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Searchable &rarr; find errors instantly using Elasticsearch.</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Visual &rarr; dashboards in Kibana/Grafana give real-time insight.</em>
	</li>
</ul>

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		<title>Linux Bash Logging log everything. Prevent user from delete his history and keep record of every command User ever Run</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/bash-logging-record-command-run/</link>
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		<pubDate>Tue, 17 Mar 2026 15:01:35 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Curious Facts]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[bashrc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[command]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[configured]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[default]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[doesn]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[example]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[gurus]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTFILESIZE]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[HISTTIMEFORMAT]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Linux Bash Logging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[linux user]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Load]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[logging]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pro Tip]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[real time]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[rsyslog]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[sessions]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[trap]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18151</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Whether you&#39;re managing servers, writing scripts, or troubleshooting complex systems, one of the most valuable tools at your disposal is your command history. But the default Bash history has serious limitations: it&#8217;s easy to lose, doesn&#39;t timestamp by default, and doesn&#39;t log everything in real time. What if you could keep a permanent, timestamped, real-time [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/bash-logging-record-command-run/">Linux Bash Logging log everything. Prevent user from delete his history and keep record of every command User ever Run</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="make_bash_history_permanent-how-to-keep-every-user-command-forever-prevent-users-from-deleting-their-bash-history-on-linux" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/make_bash_history_permanent-how-to-keep-every-user-command-forever-prevent-users-from-deleting-their-bash-history-on-linux.png" style="height: 270px; width: 480px;" />
</p>
<p>
	Whether you&#39;re <em><strong>managing servers, writing scripts, or troubleshooting complex systems</strong></em>, one of the most valuable tools at your disposal is your <strong>command history</strong>. But the default Bash history has serious limitations: it&rsquo;s easy to lose, doesn&#39;t timestamp by default, and doesn&#39;t log everything in real time.
</p>
<p>
	What if you could <strong>keep a permanent, timestamped, real-time log of every command you ever run</strong> in Bash?
</p>
<p>
	Good news: you can.
</p>
<p>
	In this guide, we&rsquo;ll walk through <strong>how to set up robust, automatic Bash logging</strong> to track every command you type&mdash;<strong>across sessions, with full timestamps</strong>, and even <strong>with user and host information</strong>. Ideal for system administrators, developers, auditors, or anyone who wants to maintain a clear, searchable audit trail.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Why Bash Logging Persistence So Important ?</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Before we dive into the how, let&#39;s understand the <strong>why</strong>:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Accountability</strong> &ndash; Know exactly what commands were run, by whom, and when.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Auditability</strong> &ndash; Great for security reviews or compliance requirements.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Troubleshooting</strong> &ndash; Trace back actions that caused issues.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Documentation</strong> &ndash; Reuse commands or share with teammates.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Forensics</strong> &ndash; Investigate suspicious activity.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>How Bash History Behaves&nbsp; ( By Default )</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Without any config everyone knows , Bash uses a file called <strong>~/.bash_history in $HOME</strong> to save command history.
</p>
<p>
	What is tricky here:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		.bash_history&nbsp;<strong>not written to immediately</strong> &ndash; only when the session exits.
	</li>
<li>
		It <strong>can be overwritten</strong> by other sessions.
	</li>
<li>
		It lacks <strong>timestamps</strong> unless explicitly configured.
	</li>
<li>
		It <strong>doesn&rsquo;t log failed attempts or commands from other users</strong>.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	In this short article I&#39;ll show you one of the ways on how to make .bash_history keeps the record for you even though some user tries to hide tihngs by running the commands and exiting the shell abnormally by killing it with the well known command by hackers and sysadmin gurus:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<br />
		<strong>$ kill -9 $$</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	The command forces the user you have logged into to kill the process of the bash (<strong>-bash</strong>).&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	Here is how.
</p>
<h1>
	<strong>Enable Advanced Bash Logging</strong><br />
</h1>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Enable Timestamps in History</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Add this line to your <strong>~/.bashrc</strong> or <strong>~/.bash_profile</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>export HISTTIMEFORMAT=&quot;%F %T &quot;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This formats the date/time as YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS.
</p>
<p>
	After modifying the file, run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>source ~/.bashrc</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Now, run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>history</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	And you&rsquo;ll see timestamps next to your commands.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Increase History Size</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	The default history size is often too small. Let&rsquo;s increase it:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>export HISTSIZE=100000</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>export HISTFILESIZE=200000</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	Add these to ~/.bashrc as well.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Log Commands Immediately (Across Sessions)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	By default, Bash only writes history when the shell exits. To log commands <strong>in real time</strong>, add the following to ~/.bashrc:
</p>
<p>
	# Append to the history file, don&#39;t overwrite it
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>shopt -s histappend</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	# Immediately append command to history file after execution
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>PROMPT_COMMAND=&#39;history -a; history -n&#39;</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Explanation:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>history -a</strong>: Append current session&#39;s command to ~/.bash_history
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>history -n</strong>: Read any new lines from the file (from other sessions)
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Log All Commands to a Separate File (for each User)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	To keep a <strong>separate, detailed log</strong>, you can use the trap command in combination with logger, or write to a custom file.
</p>
<p>
	Add this to your <strong>~/.bashrc</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>LOG_FILE=&quot;$HOME/.bash_command_log&quot;</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>trap &#39;echo &quot;$(date &quot;+%F %T&quot;) | $(whoami)@$(hostname) | $(pwd) | $BASH_COMMAND&quot; &gt;&gt; &quot;$LOG_FILE&quot;&#39; DEBUG</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This logs every command as for example:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>2025-10-10 14:25:02 | master_app@server01 | /var/www | systemctl restart nginx</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This file can grow large over time &#8211;&nbsp;consider rotating it regularly with <strong>logrotate</strong> or similar tools.<br />
	To prevent the file 100% from being modified by the user itself you can make the log file &nbsp;<strong data-end="3151" data-start="3124">immutable </strong><strong data-end="3151" data-start="3124">with</strong><strong data-end="3151" data-start="3124">&nbsp;command</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># chattr +i&nbsp;$HOME/.bash_command_log</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<br />
	<strong>5. Guarantee log security, Make copy of Logs to prevent hackers to modify them</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If logging for<strong> audit/security</strong> purposes:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Store logs in <strong>append-only</strong> files (<strong>chattr +a logfile</strong> on <em>ext4 FS</em>)
	</li>
<li>
		store files with rsyslog service (see below)
	</li>
<li>
		Use <strong>remote logging</strong> (e.g., send via logger to syslog&nbsp; / rsyslog or any other <em><strong>centralized logging service</strong></em>) / <strong>logcollector</strong> etc.
	</li>
<li>
		Monitor for tampering or suspicious gaps
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>6. Store file with rsyslog service</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Create the file and set it proper permissions
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># touch /var/log/bash_audit.log<br />
		# chmod 600 /var/log/bash_audit.log<br />
		# chown root:root /var/log/bash_audit.log</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># vim /etc/rsyslog.d/bash_audit.conf</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Add:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>if $programname == &#39;bash_audit&#39; then /var/log/bash_audit.log<br />
		&amp; stop</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># systemctl restart rsyslog</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	<strong>To later verify it works fine</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># tail -f /var/log/bash_audit.log<br />
		# journalctl -t bash_audit</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	&nbsp;<br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>6. Add Global Bash Logging for All Users</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Assuming that the bash_audit <strong>set program / name tag</strong> is already done as in step 5.<br />
	To apply logging <strong>system-wide</strong>, Edit<strong> /etc/profile /etc/bash_profile</strong>&nbsp;or <strong>/etc/bash.bashrc</strong> and include the same <strong>trap</strong>&nbsp;cmd and logging is ready. Ensure:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		The log file is <strong>writable by users (or add users to a group that can append to file)</strong>&nbsp;or modify the command to use <strong>sudo logger</strong> for centralized syslog.
	</li>
<li>
		You <strong>test it carefully</strong> before deploying to all users.</p>
<p>
			&nbsp;
		</p>
<p>
			&nbsp;
		</p>
<p>
			&nbsp;
		</p>
<p>
			An improved wide user version of trap command would be something like this
		</p>
</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># Bash command logging (readable layer)</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>trap &#39;CMD=$(history 1 | sed &quot;s/^[ ]*[0-9]\+[ ]*//&quot;);<br />
		MSG=&quot;$(date &quot;+%F %T&quot;) | $(whoami)@$(hostname) | $(pwd) | $CMD&quot;;</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>/usr/bin/logger -t bash_audit &quot;$MSG&quot;<br />
		&#39; DEBUG</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Make these two env variables read only for additional hardening&nbsp;
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>readonly PROMPT_COMMAND<br />
		readonly HISTFILE</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Note that you will need to edit passwordless login for sudo to logger
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Setup auditd to make file read only
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		#<strong> apt install auditd audispd-plugins &#8211;yes</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		Test it with auditctl
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># auditctl -a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F auid&gt;=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k cmdlog<br />
		# auditctl -a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -F auid&gt;=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k cmdlog</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		Make rules permanent via cmdlog.rules
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># vim /etc/audit/rules.d/cmdlog.rules</strong>
	</p>
<p>
		<strong>-a always,exit -F arch=b64 -S execve -F auid&gt;=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k cmdlog<br />
		-a always,exit -F arch=b32 -S execve -F auid&gt;=1000 -F auid!=4294967295 -k cmdlog</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Load and lock audit rules</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># augenrules &#8211;load<br />
		# auditctl -e 2</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Check audit logs</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong># ausearch -k cmdlog -i</strong><br />
		<em>exe=&quot;/usr/bin/ls&quot; argc=1 a0=&quot;ls&quot;</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>7. Rotate Log Files Automatically with logrotate</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Create a logrotate config like&nbsp;<strong>/etc/logrotate.d/bash_command_log</strong>:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>/home/*/.bash_command_log {<br />
		daily<br />
		rotate 7<br />
		compress<br />
		missingok<br />
		notifempty<br />
		}</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<em>/var/log/bash_audit.log {<br />
		daily<br />
		rotate 7<br />
		compress<br />
		missingok<br />
		notifempty<br />
		}</em>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	<br />
	This keeps logs for 7 days and compresses old ones.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>8. Test Every command Logging is permanenty stored</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	After setting bash logging up&nbsp;up:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Open a <em>new terminal</em> client with SSH session
	</li>
<li>
		Run a few commands
	</li>
<li>
		Check <strong>~/.bash_command_log</strong> (or your alternative configured log location)
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	You should see a <em>real-time record</em> of every command executed.
</p>
<p>
	Use tools like <strong>grep, awk</strong>, or <strong><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly9naXRodWIuY29tL2p1bmVndW5uL2Z6Zg%3D%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18151">fzf Command fuzzy finder</a>&nbsp;</strong>to <strong>search through your command log</strong> efficiently. Example:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>grep apt ~/.bash_command_log</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	You can further automate it and deploy it to multiple servers with Ansible or some shell scripting.<br />
	If you need it <strong><a href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-url=aHR0cHM6Ly9wYy1mcmVhay5uZXQvY29udGFjdC8%3D&#038;feed-stats-url-post-id=18151">Ask me how to automate it</a>?</strong><br />
	Ask me how to automate it with Ansible or a shell script.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Wrapping it Up</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	With just a few lines in <em>Bash config,</em>&nbsp;basic history feature becomes a&nbsp;<strong>persistent, and timestamped static record </strong>&nbsp;that&rsquo;s invaluable for <em>system admins, developers</em>, and <em>security teams</em>.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Summary Checklist</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Enable <strong>HISTTIMEFORMAT</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Increase history size
	</li>
<li>
		Append history in real time
	</li>
<li>
		Log every command with<strong> trap DEBUG</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Optionally send to<strong>&nbsp;rsyslog / syslogd</strong>&nbsp;/ <strong>systemd-journald</strong> or other&nbsp;<em>central log server (<strong>Fluentd / ELK Stack / Graylog</strong>)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		Rotate logs with logrotate
	</li>
</ul>

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 <img src="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?feed-stats-post-id=18151" width="1" height="1" style="display: none;" title="" alt="" /><p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/bash-logging-record-command-run/">Linux Bash Logging log everything. Prevent user from delete his history and keep record of every command User ever Run</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></content:encoded>
					
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		<item>
		<title>How to Recreate a Corrupted Windows User Profile to Solve Windows Signing In / Signing Out Loops</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/recreate-corrupted-windows-user-profile-solve-windows-signing-signing-loops/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/recreate-corrupted-windows-user-profile-solve-windows-signing-signing-loops/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Tue, 03 Mar 2026 19:07:59 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[Educational]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>
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		<category><![CDATA[Click Delete]]></category>
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		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18416</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>A corrupted Windows user Profile can cause serious frustration, especially if your PC / notebook running Windows 10 / Windows / 11 etc. in a Windows Domain or not becomes inaccessible for no obvious reason, even though last day you shut down the PC and everything has been working perfectly fine. The Corruption of User [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/recreate-corrupted-windows-user-profile-solve-windows-signing-signing-loops/">How to Recreate a Corrupted Windows User Profile to Solve Windows Signing In / Signing Out Loops</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="windows-fix-corrupted-profile-recreate-windows-profile-to-solve-windows-login-loop-howto" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/windows-fix-corrupted-profile-recreate-windows-profile-to-solve-windows-login-loop-howto.png" style="height: 320px; width: 480px;" />
</p>
<p>
	A <strong>corrupted Windows user Profile</strong> can cause serious frustration, especially if <em><strong>your PC / notebook running Windows 10 / Windows / 11</strong></em> etc. in a Windows Domain or not <em><strong>becomes inaccessible for no obvious reason</strong></em>, even though last day you shut down the PC and everything has been working perfectly fine.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>The Corruption of User Profile</strong> is a rare problem but for <em><strong>a Domain users</strong></em> it is something you&#39;ll likely face at least once in a life time or more. Windows Professionals / Sys&nbsp;Admins shold face it frequently when administering, <strong><em>large domains with multiple joined Windows PCs inside the domain&nbsp;</em></strong><em>so Windows Pro users should be little known for most common Win users.</em>
</p>
<p>
	Corruption usually happens&nbsp;after <em><strong>improper shutdown / a recent update</strong></em>, due to s<em><strong>ome recent installation / removal of new software</strong></em> or even for absolutely no reason. You might hit a strange issue, you used your <strong>Windows work PC</strong> or <strong>home laptop</strong> for years and suddenly out of nothing you <em>cannot login to the account anymore &#8230;&nbsp;</em><br />
	The gamma of issues testifying of broken profiles is wide.<br />
	&nbsp;<br />
	&nbsp;You may experience temporary profile logins, missing files, broken settings, constant errors, or extremely slow performance. Logging in to the account Giving you a <strong>Signining In -&gt; Welcome -&gt; Signing Out Login Loop</strong> or&nbsp;sometimes Windows even displays the message:
</p>
<p>
	<strong>&ldquo;You have been signed in with a temporary profile.&rdquo;</strong>
</p>
<p>
	If this happens, don&rsquo;t panic. In most cases, you can safely recreate your Windows profile without losing personal data.
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="we-cant-sugn-into-your-account-error-message-windows" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/we-cant-sugn-into-your-account-error-message-windows.png" style="height: 190px; width: 460px;" /><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Signs Your User Profile Is Corrupted :</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Temporary profile message</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Desktop resets after reboot</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Missing files</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Apps not saving settings</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Start menu not working</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Extremely slow login</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	This guide should work&nbsp;for both <strong>Windows 10</strong> and <strong>Windows 11</strong>.
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="windows-temp-profile-screenshot" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/windows-temp-profile-screenshot.png" style="width: 601px; height: 400px;" />
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>What Causes a Corrupted Windows Profile?</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Common causes include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Improper shutdowns</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Failed Windows updates</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Disk errors or bad sectors</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Antivirus interference</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Registry corruption</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Power outages</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	When the profile registry entry or user folder becomes damaged, Windows cannot properly load your account.<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<b>Windows drops you into Temporary Profile ?</b><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="windows-temp-profile-screenshot" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/windows-temp-profile-screenshot.png" style="width: 450px; height: 300px;" /><br />
	<strong>Often if you try to recover your profile, if you have attempted to recover your profile manually or something happened with ntuser.dat file or other profile settings in Registry.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>If that&#39;s the case Windows logs you into a temporary profile</strong>, it usually looks like you have a fresh profile (d<strong>esktop empty, files missing</strong>), even though your original profile still exists. This happens when Windows <strong>can&rsquo;t load your original user profile</strong> properly.
</p>
<p>
	Here&rsquo;s what&rsquo;s happening and why Windows drops you into this temporary&nbsp;profile (which by the way is recreated every time creating its own Directory like&nbsp;<strong>C:\Users\TEMP.AD1</strong>&nbsp;,&nbsp;<strong>C:\Users\TEMP.AD2 TEMP.AD3 on each and every windows restart&nbsp;.</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Why Windows Uses a Temporary Profile</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Corrupted user profile</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Critical files in your original profile (like <strong>NTUSER.DAT</strong>) may be corrupted.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Permissions issues</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If Windows can&rsquo;t access your profile folder due to permissions errors.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Profile in use or locked</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If the profile was not closed properly or still in use.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Disk errors</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	File system problems can prevent profile loading.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Registry errors</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Windows keeps profile info in the registry (<strong>HKLM\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</strong>). If it&rsquo;s misconfigured, the system may create a temporary profile.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Symptoms of a Temporary Profile</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Desktop, Documents, Downloads</strong>, and other files appear empty.
	</li>
<li>
		Changes made during the session are <strong>lost</strong> after logout.
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Windows</strong> may show a notification like:
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<span style="color:#A52A2A;"><strong><em>&ldquo;You have been logged on with a temporary profile. Changes you make will be lost when you log off.&rdquo;</em></strong></span>
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Before You Start (have Administrator access)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	You&rsquo;ll need:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Administrator access to the PC</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>A backup of important files (if accessible)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>About 15&ndash;30 minutes</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If you can&rsquo;t log in normally, boot into <strong>Safe Mode / Safe Mode with Networking / Safe Mode</strong> with <strong>Command Prompt</strong> or have some kind of recovery console.
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic1" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic1.png" style="width: 537px; height: 364px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic2" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic2.png" style="width: 538px; height: 358px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic3" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic3.png" style="width: 537px; height: 353px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic4" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic4.png" style="width: 537px; height: 298px;" />
</p>
<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic5" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/Fix-User-Profile-Cannot-Be-Loaded-Error-Windows-pic5.png" style="width: 537px; height: 418px;" /><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Create a New User Profile (Best and Recommended approach)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	I know you will feel bad that you will loose all your customizations of the Profile, but having empty hopes and loosing times with empty hopes does not make things better either, so better accept that the probability to have your Profile restored by restoring from backup <strong>ntuser.dat</strong>&nbsp;file or doing <strong>Windows System Restore or running whatever of Auto recovery and diagnostics tools in safe&nbsp;</strong>in most of the cases won&#39;t solve it. So face the reality and move on.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Create a New User Profile</strong> is t<em>he safest and most reliable fix</em>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1.1. Create a New Local Administrator Account</strong><br />
</h2>
<ol>
<li>
		Open <strong>Settings</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Go to <strong>Accounts &rarr; Family &amp; other users</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Click <strong>Add account</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Choose <strong>I don&rsquo;t have this person&rsquo;s sign-in information</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Select <strong>Add a user without a Microsoft account</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Create a new username and password
	</li>
<li>
		After creation, click the account &rarr; <strong>Change account type</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Set it to <strong>Administrator</strong>
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	Restart your PC and log into the new account.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1.2. Copy Data from the Old Profile</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Open <strong>Win&nbsp;File Explorer</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Go to:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Users</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Open your old corrupted profile folder (dir)
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Copy important folders:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Desktop</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Documents</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Downloads</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Pictures</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Favorites</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Music</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Videos</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Do NOT copy (as this files contains actually the Data for the Profile itself they need to be <em>automatically generated on new Profile creation time</em>):
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>NTUSER.DAT</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>NTUSER.DAT.LOG</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>NTUSER.INI</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Paste the data into your new profile folder.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1.3. Delete the Corrupted Profile</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Press <strong>Win + R</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Inside prompt Type:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows&gt; sysdm.cpl</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		Go to <strong>Advanced &rarr; User Profiles &rarr; Settings</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Select the corrupted profile
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Click <strong>Delete</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Then remove the old folder from <strong>C:\Users</strong> if it still exists.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Fix the Profile via Registry (Advanced approach)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	<strong>2.1. Create Windows registry backup (Manual backup)</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>a)&nbsp;Backup Windows registry Using Registry Editor GUI tool (Manual Backup)</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Open Registry Editor:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Press <strong>Win + R</strong>, type <strong><b>regedit</b></strong>, and press <strong>Enter</strong>.
	</li>
<li>
		If prompted by User Account Control (<b>UAC</b>), click <strong>Yes</strong>.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Backup the Entire Registry:</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		In the Registry Editor, click <strong>File &rarr; Export</strong>.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	In the <strong>Export Registry File</strong> dialog:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Make sure <strong>Export range</strong> is set to <strong>All</strong>.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Name the file something descriptive like <strong><em><strong>RegistryBackup_MMDDYY</strong></em></strong>.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Choose a location to save the backup (e.g., Desktop or external drive). Click <strong>Save</strong>.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	This creates a <strong>.reg</strong> file containing a full backup of your registry.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Backup Specific Keys (Optional):</strong>
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Navigate to the key you want to backup.
	</li>
<li>
		Right-click it and select <strong>Export</strong>.
	</li>
<li>
		Save it as a <strong>.reg</strong> file for later restoration.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>b) Create Windows registry Full backup with Command Prompt reg command</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Open <strong>Command Prompt</strong> as administrator.
</p>
<p>
	To backup the registry, use the <strong>reg</strong> command:
</p>
<blockquote>
<pre>
<b>C:\Windows&gt; reg export HKLM\Software C:\Backup\SoftwareBackup.reg</b></pre>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		Replace <strong><b>HKLM\Software</b></strong> with the key you want to backup.
	</li>
<li>
		Replace <strong>C</strong><strong><b>:\Backup\SoftwareBackup.reg</b></strong> with your desired file path.Press <strong>Enter</strong> to create the backup.
	</li>
</ul>
<h3 data-end="344" data-start="292">
	<strong>Run the Full Registry Backup Command</strong><br />
</h3>
<p data-end="501" data-start="346">
	You&rsquo;ll need to export the <strong data-end="385" data-start="372">root keys</strong> individually, because <strong>reg export doesn&rsquo;t allow exporting the entire registry in one command. Here&rsquo;s the full set: </strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>reg export HKCR C:\Backup\HKCR.reg /y<br />
		reg export HKCU C:\Backup\HKCU.reg /y<br />
		reg export HKLM C:\Backup\HKLM.reg /y<br />
		reg export HKU C:\Backup\HKU.reg /y<br />
		reg export HKCC C:\Backup\HKCC.reg /y</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>HKCR</strong> &rarr; HKEY_CLASSES_ROOT
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>HKCU</strong> &rarr; HKEY_CURRENT_USER
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>HKLM</strong> &rarr; HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>HKU</strong> &rarr; HKEY_USERS
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>HKCC</strong> &rarr; HKEY_CURRENT_CONFIG<strong>C:\Backup\</strong> &rarr; Folder where backups are saved (make sure the folder exists).
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>/y</strong> &rarr; Automatically overwrite existing files if they
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	After running these commands, you&rsquo;ll have a full backup of the registry in separate <strong>.reg</strong> files.
</p>
<p data-end="1158" data-start="1122">
	<strong>Restoring the registry Backup (if later needed)</strong>
</p>
<p data-end="1171" data-start="1160">
	To restore:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>reg import C:\Backup\HKCR.reg<br />
		reg import C:\Backup\HKCU.reg<br />
		reg import C:\Backup\HKLM.reg<br />
		reg import C:\Backup\HKU.reg<br />
		reg import C:\Backup\HKCC.reg</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>2.1. Open Registry Editor</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Press <strong>Win + R</strong>, type:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows&gt; regedit</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Navigate to:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE\SOFTWARE\Microsoft\Windows NT\CurrentVersion\ProfileList</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h2>
	<strong>2.2. Look for Duplicate SID Entries</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	You may see two similar profile keys:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		One ending in .bak
	</li>
<li>
		One without
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If this happens:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Rename the normal one (add <strong>.old</strong>)
	</li>
<li>
		Remove .bak from the correct profile key
	</li>
<li>
		Make sure RefCount and State are set to 0
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	Restart your PC.
</p>
<p>
	If this doesn&rsquo;t work, use Method 1 instead.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2.3. Check Disk for Errors</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Disk corruption can damage profiles.
</p>
<p>
	Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows&gt; chkdsk C: /f /r</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	You&rsquo;ll be asked to schedule the scan on restart. Type <strong>Y</strong> and reboot.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2.4. Run System File Repair</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Corrupted system files can also cause profile issues.
</p>
<p>
	Run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows&gt; sfc /scannow</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Then:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows&gt; DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Restart after completion.
</p>
<ul>
</ul>
<p>
	If multiple system errors occur, a full Windows repair installation may be necessary.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>When to Consider an In-Place Repair</strong>
</p>
<p>
	If profile recreation fails:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Download the latest Windows ISO
	</li>
<li>
		Mount it
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Run setup.exe</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Choose <strong>Keep personal files and apps</strong>
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	This repairs Windows without deleting data.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Restore (Copy)&nbsp;Application Data / Settings from Old Profile to New Profile</strong><br />
</h2>
<h2>
	<strong>3.1. Copy Appdata Directory Application Settings</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>AppData</strong>&nbsp;Directory contains application settings. It has three subfolders:
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Users\OldProfile\AppData\Local C:\Users\OldProfile\AppData\LocalLow C:\Users\OldProfile\AppData\Roaming</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<ul>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Safe practice:</strong> Only copy folders/files for specific applications (like Chrome, Outlook, VSCode, etc.):
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Examples:</strong>
</p>
<p>
	N! B! Avoid copying the entire <strong>Local</strong> or <strong>Roaming</strong> folder blindly&mdash;it may bring back the corruption.
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong><em>Roaming\Google\Chrome\User DataChrome: </em> </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong><em>Roaming\Mozilla\Firefox\ProfilesFirefox: </em> </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong><em>Roaming\Microsoft\Outlook or Local\Microsoft\OutlookOutlook: </em> </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong><em>VSCode: Roaming\Code\User</em> </strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>Copy Settings and Files</strong>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
<p>
			Log into the <strong>new profile</strong>.
		</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
			Copy documents, pictures, and other personal files to their new locations.
		</p>
</li>
<li>
<p>
			For AppData:
		</p>
</li>
</ol>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Copy only specific app folders (like Chrome, Firefox, etc.). </strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Always <strong>overwrite carefully</strong>, don&rsquo;t replace the entire profile folders.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong><em>If moving registry settings, double-check each <strong>.reg</strong> file before importing.</em></strong><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	<em><strong>! Note !</strong></em>
</p>
<h2 data-end="2330" data-start="2286">
	<strong>3.2. Some Apps might be necessery to Reinstall or Reconfigure</strong><br />
</h2>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Some apps store settings in the registry or protected locations; sometimes it&rsquo;s safer to reinstall them in the new profile rather than copy files blindly. </strong><strongonce reinstalled=""> </strongonce>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>Closing Summary</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<em><strong>Recreating a corrupted Windows profile is usually faster and safer than trying to repair it.</strong></em>In most cases, creating a new administrator account and transferring your data solves the problem completely. In certain circumstances this might be a pain in the ass especially if you have a bitlocker enabled and for some <em><strong>reason you have forgotten or lost the Bitlocker encryption Key ! Beware not to !&nbsp;</strong><br />
	If you have a company PC you should perhaps then contact your IT support team to provide you with the bitlocker data encryption key</em> and with it hopefully you should be able to run Safe mode or recovery console.&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	If the issue keeps returning once you have recreated the Profile, then use <strong>BIOS / UEFI</strong> to&nbsp;check your disk health and rest of PC hardware is reporting okay&nbsp;and then&nbsp;ensure Windows Updates are installing correctly.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>That&#39;s it hopefully your new Profile should be fine. Next step of course is to restore your old profile settings to be on the new profile. </strong>
</p>
<ul>
</ul>

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			<dc:creator>hip0</dc:creator></item>
		<item>
		<title>How to Fix Windows Update When It Says “Up to Date” But Updates Are Missing</title>
		<link>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/fix-windows-update-date-updates-missing/</link>
					<comments>https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/fix-windows-update-date-updates-missing/#respond</comments>
		
		
		<pubDate>Mon, 02 Mar 2026 14:04:00 +0000</pubDate>
				<category><![CDATA[OS Update]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Security]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[System Administration]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[again]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[cause]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[complete]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Corrupted System Files]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[download]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[due]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[everything]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[exe]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Go Check Settings Windows Update Check]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Manually Reset Windows Update Components]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Pc]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Rename Update Folders]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Restart Services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Search]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[setup]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stability Features]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Stop Update Services]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[store]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[type]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[updates]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows Installation Assistant]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Windows Logs Setup]]></category>
		<guid isPermaLink="false">https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/?p=18410</guid>

					<description><![CDATA[<p>Knowing your system isn&#8217;t fully updated as OS BUILD Release&#160;does not match the latest one it has to&#160; but &#160;still Windows Update insists everything is &#8220;green&#8221; good and &#160;&#8220;Up to date.&#8221; is really weird and frustrating stuff Windows user can experience. It makes it even worser if you are like me and your computer is [&#8230;]</p>
<p>The post <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog/fix-windows-update-date-updates-missing/">How to Fix Windows Update When It Says “Up to Date” But Updates Are Missing</a> appeared first on <a rel="nofollow" href="https://www.pc-freak.net/blog">☩ Walking in Light with Christ -  Faith,  Computing, Diary</a>.</p>
]]></description>
										<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>
	<img decoding="async" alt="windows-os-update-up-to-date-but-OS_update-release-lacking-behind-fix-Windows-shows-updated-but-it-is-not" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/windows-os-update-up-to-date-but-OS_update-release-lacking-behind-fix-Windows-shows-updated-but-it-is-not.png" style="height: 254px; width: 481px;" />
</p>
<p>
	Knowing your system isn&rsquo;t fully updated as <strong>OS BUILD Release</strong>&nbsp;does not match the latest one it has to&nbsp; but &nbsp;still <strong>Windows Update</strong> insists everything is &ldquo;<strong>green</strong>&rdquo;<strong> good</strong> and &nbsp;&ldquo;<strong>Up to date</strong>.&rdquo; is really weird and frustrating stuff Windows user can experience. It makes it even worser if you are like me and your computer is in a large corporate domain that is using <strong>Azure (Office 365)</strong> services for Auth.
</p>
<p>
	If some updates fail silently or don&rsquo;t install properly, your notebook / PC may be missing important security patches, Video / Sound Driver / Chipset driver fixes, or feature improvements etc, and with time it can lead due to Windows domain applied policies to left over your computer be considered Unsafe or Broken even dis-joined from the Domain.<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>Why Windows Update Says Up to Date but Update Are missing Happens ?</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	There might be mutiple scenarios but Common causes include:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Corrupted update cache</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Interrupted installations (PC got hard shut down electricity power outage or<br />
		laptop battery has discharged during update)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Broken Windows services (due to)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>System file corruption (cause of viruses / malware or during mess left over of multiple windows updates over years)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Registry conflicts (Windows registry conflicts due to installed PC apps etc.)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Failed cumulative updates</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Windows may mark updates as &ldquo;processed&rdquo; even if installation didn&rsquo;t complete correctly.<br />
	Identifying Missing or Broken Windows updates is really hard sometimes.
</p>
<p>
	Usually to capture it you will have to:<br />
	<strong>Check the Windows</strong> <em><strong>OS Build Release</strong></em>
</p>
<p>
	from:&nbsp;<strong>Settings&nbsp;-&gt; System -&gt; About</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<strong><img decoding="async" alt="windows-11-settings-system-about-OS-BUILD-release-screenshotpng" src="https://www.pc-freak.net/images/windows-11-settings-system-about-OS-BUILD-release-screenshotpng.png" style="height: 450px; width: 800px;" /></strong>
</p>
<p>
	In this guide, will walk through proven methods to <strong>fix Windows Update when it&rsquo;s stuck or falsely reporting success</strong>.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>1. Try PC Restart First</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Before diving into advanced fixes:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Restart PC.
	</li>
<li>
		Go Check <strong>Settings &rarr; Windows Update &rarr; Check for updates</strong> again.
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Sometimes updates are downloaded but waiting for a reboot to complete installation and thus this oddity is observed.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>2. Run the Built-In Windows Update Troubleshooter</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Both Windows 10 and Windows 11 include a built-in repair tool (that is starting to get Legacy nowadays but still sometimes can help)
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Steps:</strong>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Open <strong>Settings</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Go to <strong>System &rarr; Troubleshoot &rarr; Other troubleshooters</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Find <strong>Windows Update</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Click <strong>Run</strong>
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	Let it complete the scan and apply any recommended fixes. Most time this won&rsquo;t solve it but as it is easy to try out give it a try.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>3. Manually Reset Windows Update Components</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If Windows still erroneously thinks everything is installed but something is broken internally, resetting the update components often solves the problem.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>CleanUp SoftwareDistribution update cache folder is perhaps Most Effective FIX</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Cleaning the <strong>C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution</strong> folder is actually one of the most effective fixes when Windows refuses to install updates but claims everything is up to date.
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	This is where Windows temporarily stores:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Downloaded update files</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Update installation logs</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Temporary metadata</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Cached update database</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	If this cache becomes corrupted, Windows Update may:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Fail silently</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Not detect new updates</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Show &ldquo;Up to date&rdquo; incorrectly</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Get stuck at 0% or 100%</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	This method works in both Windows 10 and Windows 11.
</p>
<p>
	<strong>What Happens When You Delete SoftwareDistribution?</strong>
</p>
<p>
	<em><strong>Deleting (or renaming)</strong></em> the folder:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Does <strong>NOT</strong> delete installed updates
	</li>
<li>
		Does <strong>NOT</strong> break Windows
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Forces Windows to rebuild the update cache</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		<strong>Forces a fresh update scan</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	It&rsquo;s completely safe if you do it correct.
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>Recommended Method (Play Safe)</strong><br />
</h3>
<h3>
	<em>N!B! Do NOT delete the folder while update services are running.</em><br />
</h3>
<p>
	<strong>Step 1: Stop Windows Update Services</strong>
</p>
<p>
	Open <strong>Command Prompt as Administrator</strong> and run:<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>net stop wuauserv<br />
		net stop bits<br />
		net stop cryptSvc<br />
		net stop msiserver</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Wait until all services stop successfully.
</p>
<h3>
	<strong>Step 2: Rename the Update Folder (Safer Than Deleting)</strong><br />
</h3>
<h3>
	<strong>Rename Update Folders</strong><br />
</h3>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>move C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution SoftwareDistribution.old</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Enter in Windows Safe Mode (to enter it <em><strong>Press SHIFT and choose Restart</strong></em>)
</p>
<p>
	Go to:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Rename it to:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution.old</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	If Windows refuses to move out, make sure services are stopped.
</p>
<p>
	To do it via <strong>Safe Mode with Command Prompt only</strong>
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>move c:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution C:\Windows\SoftwareDistribution.old</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<h3>
	<strong>Step 3: Restart Services</strong><br />
</h3>
<p>
	Back in Command Prompt:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>net start wuauserv<br />
		net start bits<br />
		net start cryptSvc<br />
		net start msiserver</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Restart Computer.<br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>4. Use the Microsoft Update Catalog to Manually download recent applied<br />
	Update</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Sometimes a specific update fails repeatedly but Windows doesn&rsquo;t clearly report it.
</p>
<p>
	You can manually download it from:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Microsoft Update Catalog
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	<strong>How to manually Instlal KB* Win update:</strong>
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Find the KB number (for example: KB5030219)
	</li>
<li>
		Search for it in the catalog
	</li>
<li>
		Download the version matching your system (x64, ARM64, etc.)
	</li>
<li>
		Install manually
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	This bypasses Windows Update&rsquo;s automatic system.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>5. Use the Windows Installation Assistant</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If feature updates (like 22H2 &rarr; 23H2) are not appearing, use:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Windows 11 Installation Assistant
	</li>
<li>
		Windows 10 Update Assistant
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	These tools force a full system upgrade while keeping files and apps intact.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>6. Check for Corrupted System Files</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Corrupted system files can prevent updates from applying properly.
</p>
<p>
	Open Command Prompt as Administrator and run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		C:\Windows&gt; &nbsp;<strong>sfc /scannow</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	Then run:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>
		C:\Windows&gt; <strong>DISM /Online /Cleanup-Image /RestoreHealth</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	After both scans complete, restart and try updating again.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>7. Make Sure You&rsquo;re Not Paused or you are on a Metered connection</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Windows may appear updated if:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		Updates are paused
	</li>
<li>
		Your connection is set as metered
	</li>
<li>
		You&rsquo;re on a managed/work PC with update policies
	</li>
</ul>
<p>
	Check:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<strong>Settings &rarr; Windows Update &rarr; Advanced options</strong>
	</li>
</ul>
<h2>
	<strong>8. Check Your Windows Version Manually</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	Press <strong>Win + R</strong>, type:
</p>
<p>
	winver
</p>
<p>
	Compare your version with the latest available on Microsoft&rsquo;s official release page<br />
	https://learn.microsoft.com/en-en/windows/release-health/windows11-release-information<br />
	to confirm whether you&rsquo;re truly up to date.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>9. Update your Video / Audio / Motherboard Chipsets and peripheral drivers to latest</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	<strong>Depending on the laptop brand or PC, Check for latest available install drivers from the Internet and apply it to PC.<br />
	Dell / HP and ASUS / ACER / MSI </strong>Usually has their dedicated software that can do that quickly, i.e. as i&#39;m<strong> using currently Dell notebook. </strong>There you can use<strong> Dell Comamnd Update / Dell SupportAssistant</strong> to do so<strong>.&nbsp;</strong><br />
	&nbsp;
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>10. Move catroot folder (to clean up Windows Update package signatures)</strong><br />
</h2>
<h2>
	<strong>What is catroot2 ?</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	The catroot2 folder is used by Microsoft Windows to store:
</p>
<ul>
<li>
		<em>Windows Update package signatures</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Cryptographic catalog files (.cat files)</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Data used by the Cryptographic Services component</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>Information needed to validate and install updates</em>
	</li>
<li>
		<em>It plays a critical role in verifying update integrity.</em>
	</li>
</ul>
<blockquote>
<p>
		<strong>move C:\Windows\System32\catroot2 catroot2.old</strong>
	</p>
</blockquote>
<p>
	is used as a repair step for Windows Update issues because it resets the Catroot2 folder, which stores important update-related data.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>11. Perform an In-Place Repair Upgrade (Last Resort)</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If nothing works:
</p>
<ol>
<li>
		Download the latest Windows ISO (Windows Installation Assistant)
	</li>
<li>
		Mount it
	</li>
<li>
		Run <strong>setup.exe</strong>
	</li>
<li>
		Choose <strong>Keep personal files and apps</strong>
	</li>
</ol>
<p>
	This reinstalls Windows without deleting your data and fixes deeply broken update components.
</p>
<h2>
	<strong>12. If none of these helps check Windows Logs for a clue</strong><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If you want to go even deeper, check <strong>Event Viewer</strong> logs under:
</p>
<p>
	<strong>Windows Logs &rarr; Setup</strong>
</p>
<p>
	That will show detailed update errors and will helpfully give you the clue on how to fix it.
</p>
<h2>
	<b>Summary / close up</b><br />
</h2>
<p>
	If <strong>Windows</strong> says &ldquo;<strong>Up to date</strong>&rdquo; but you suspect missing updates, don&rsquo;t ignore it, as soon your OS will either become messed or&nbsp;you will miss critical<em><strong> Performance and Performance improvements / Stability Features</strong></em>. Even if PC continues work relatively stable the missing<strong> Security patches would be critical</strong>, and the computer exposure to the internet lefts you as an easy<em><strong> victim for your computer to be hacked or infected</strong> by</em> some<strong> kind of encryption / ransomware worm</strong> etc.&nbsp;In most cases, the updates did not apply due to easy solvable issue and simple&nbsp;reset update components, a clean up of Update cache&nbsp;or manually installing the update solves the problem and <em>WIndows gets back to the wanted OS update release</em>. If this does not happen however you should check the system for Main system corrupted files&nbsp;
</p>
<p>
	&nbsp;</p>

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