wang‘s blog

In virtual world, China consumers best the U.S. - CNN.com

2010-03-18T07:42:00.000-07:00

原文：In virtual world, China consumers best the U.S. - CNN.com
译文：CNN：在虚拟世界，中国消费者完胜美国

作者： Pamela Boykoff

发表时间：2010/03/17

Companies that offer free online video games, such as China's popular 'Perfect World' series, earn cash by selling virtual goods such as character outfits, weapons and upgrades.

诸如运营“完美世界”之类的免费线上视频游戏的公司通过出售给人物虚拟装备，武器和技能之类的东西来赚取钞票。

Hong Kong, China (CNN) -- Beijing sales manager Wang Min spends at least 15 hours a week playing online video games. His favorite is a multiplayer adventure game called "Perfect World."

"It is similar to (World of) Warcraft, but the game adds more Chinese elements into it so I feel more connected to it," he said.

一位来自北京的销售经理王民（音）每周至少花15个小时来玩网络游戏。他的最爱是一款叫做“完美世界”的大型冒险游戏。“这游戏跟魔兽（世界）挺像的，但是这款游戏里面加入了更多的中国元素让我更有带入感。”他说。

"Perfect World" is free to play, but Wang spends about $44 every month on virtual extras such as additional points, new equipment and even outfits for his avatars.

“完美世界”是免费玩的，但是王民每个月都要在加点、买装备甚至是打扮他的虚拟人物上花费44刀。

U.S. consumers may still be the world's top shoppers, but in the growing economy of the virtual world Chinese buyers like Wang are leading the way. Research firms estimate the purchase of virtual goods in China reached roughly $5 billion in 2009 -- about five times more than the United States.

尽管美国的客户们仍是世界上购买力最强的买家，但是像王一样在虚拟消费渐增的用户在中国正在变多。调查公司估计在2009年大约有5亿美元的虚拟商品在中国售出——这是美国的五倍之多。

The reasons why reveal something about the state of the Internet in China, the limitations local developers face and the innovative ways companies have capitalized on China's booming online market.

而造成如此现象的原因解释了中国互联网的一些状况，那就是中国本土开发者面临的局限与创新的公司在中国蓬勃增长的线上市场中已经资本化了。

"China needed to do this," said Lucas Englehardt, chief executive officer of research exchange site BloggerInsight. "It didn't have the traditional avenues for monetizing content like in the United States, where there is lots of money to be made off of advertising, text and banner ads. In China, click through rates for advertising are much lower."

“中国需要这么做，”研究交换类的站点BloggerInsight的CEO Lucas Englehard说到。“在中国并没有像美国一样传统的赚取货币的方式，在美国大家通过图画，文字和横条等形式的广告来赚钱。而在中国，这些广告的点击率十分低。”

China has many more developers of online games and services than in the United States, a factor industry watchers say has encouraged competition and innovation. The crowded field, however, have fought to turn profits. Selling virtual goods, so far, has yielded the most success.

中国有着比美国更多的网游开发者，行业观察家们说有一个原因刺激了竞争和创新。那就是这个行业有着众多的参与厂商，然而，这个行业已经开始赚取利润。到目前为止，卖出虚拟物品是最赚钱的方式。

One of the best examples of this is industry leader Tencent, which operates the popular QQ Instant Messenger and social networking site Qzone. Virtual goods have become the company's primary source of profits. In the first half of 2009, Tencent took in over $300 million in revenue from Internet value-added services, a category dominated by virtual goods. By comparison, online advertising only drew $35 million in revenue.

最好的例子就是这个行业的领袖腾讯公司，它运营着流行的IM软件QQ和社交网站QQ空间。虚拟物品已经成了该公司主要的收入来源。仅在2009年上半年，腾讯就通过售出有附加值的虚拟物品攫取了三亿美元的收入。相较之下，在线广告仅获得了三千五百万美元的收入。

Justin Smith, founder of the Inside Social Games, says China's far-sighted developers quickly created an infrastructure for users to pay for online goods. Utilizing mobile phones and prepaid cards to buy virtual currency is common in China, "whereas in the U.S. that is pretty rare and just beginning to grow," Smith said.

Inside Social Games的创始人Justin Smith说中国具有远见的开发者们迅速的为用户在线付款创造了基础平台。通过手机和预付费卡片来购买虚拟物品的行为在中国十分普遍，“美国在这方面才刚上路，”他说。

Virtual goods in social games have the potential to be huge
--Justin Smith, Inside Social Games founder

社交游戏中的虚拟物品有着巨大的增长潜力

——Justin Smith

The business model is built around small individual purchases of around $1 to $2. That is a good fit for China's growing base on Internet users, many of whom still have limited disposable income.

"It's an impulse buy," Englehardt said. "You don't have to think much about it, even if you are not wealthy Chinese."

这种商业模式是基于1-2美元的个人购买行为。这十分适于中国广大的初级网民，他们中的很多人收入不高。“这是一种冲动型的购买方式，” Englehardt说，“你不需要想太多就能决定，即使你是一个不富裕的中国人。”

The flexibility of virtual purchases has hit a sweet spot with China's giant online gaming community. There are 70 million Chinese consumers who play at least an hour of online games a month, according to Niko Partners, a research firm that focuses on China's online gaming industry.

这种虚拟购买方式的弹性正好适合于中国巨大的网游社区。根据Niko Partners调查公司对中国网游产业的调查，大约有七千万中国用户每月至少花一个小时来玩网游。

Unlike gamers in the United States or Japan, most Chinese gamers play online in part because of strict government regulations limits access to game consoles and software.

不同于美国或日本的玩家，绝大多数的中国玩家把时间花在网上是因为政府对游戏机和游戏软件的严格管制。（译者注：我们有水货！我们有盗版！）

The free-to-play model, though popular everywhere, has struck a particular chord in China. Instead of full service subscription fees, Chinese online gaming firms offer more a la carte choices such as access to private chat rooms or avatar costume selection. "It gives them a lot more control over what they are buying," said Lisa Cosmas Hanson, Niko Partner's founder.

这种在哪里都很流行的免费玩模式在中国十分成功。与收取版权服务费不同，中国网游公司提供了一个更多选的模式取而代之，比如提供私聊或是人物的外观选择。Niko Partners的创始人 Lisa Cosmas Hanson说：“这给了玩家们一个更多的选择机会。”

The virtual marketplace is far from complete. Most analysts agree the future most likely lies in the space where social networking and online gaming collide. The popularity of social network games, like "Happy Farm" or "House Buying," is growing rapidly in China, but virtual sales from these games still generate only modest revenues.

不过虚拟交易市场远没有完善。大多数分析家认为未来是社交网络和在线游戏的。诸如“开心农场”和“买房”这样的社交网络应用在中国成长十分迅速，但是虚拟物品在此类游戏中没有获得好的销量。

In addition to the promise of a broad, loyal consumer base, social games offer the appeal of interaction with one's friends and family in the real world.

除了广阔的前景，用户的忠诚度之外，社交网络应用给了用户们一个和自己真实世界中亲朋们互动的机会。

"This could mean buying a virtual gift for a potential love interest, buying a power-up to defeat your old classmate in a friendly competition, or buying a nice accessory for your virtual home," Smith said. "Because everyone can relate to one of these situations in which virtual goods meet a real emotional need, virtual goods in social games have the potential to be huge."

“这意味着为钦慕对象买一份虚拟礼物，为在游戏中打败自己的老同学而买一个升级物品，或是为你的虚拟住宅买一套好家具。”Smith说到。“因为人人都会碰到虚拟物品与自己的真实的情感需要契合的时候，而这正显示了社交应用中的虚拟商品有着巨大的潜力。”

Heartthrob’s Barbed Blog Challenges China’s Leaders

2010-03-13T19:44:00.001-08:00

原文：Saturday Profile - Heartthrob’s Barbed Blog Challenges China’s Leaders - NYTimes.com

译文：纽约时报：周六人物：偶像博主韩寒挑战中国领导

作者：ANDREW JACOBS
发布时间：2010/03/12

Shiho Fukada为 The New York Times摄
韩寒：“当局想要让中国成为一个文化大国，但是我们的领导人却是如此的没文化。”

IT’S not so easy being Han Han, the heartthrob race car driver and pop novelist who just happens to be China’s most widely read blogger.
想成为韩寒那颗绝非易事，他是一个魅力四射的拉力车手还是一个流行的小说作家，他还是中国点击量最大的博客的博主。

Traveling incognito is all but impossible. Local officials frequently vie for his endorsement of their latest architectural boondoggles. (He politely declines.) And love-lorn young women often approach him after races with letters bearing his name. (He says the women have been duped by impostors who have assumed his identity.)
他想要不引人注目的出行几乎不可能。当地官员们时常要为他们最新的蠢事争取他的肯定。（他都礼貌地回绝了。）年轻寂寞的女孩经常在他拉力比赛后拿着有他名字的信接近他。（他说这些女孩是被冒用了他身份的骗子们欺骗了。）

But Mr. Han’s most vexing challenge comes from a more formidable nemesis: the unseen censors who delete blog posts they deem objectionable and the publishing police who have held up the release of his new magazine, “A Chorus of Solos,” a provocative collection of essays and photographs. “The government wants China to become a great cultural nation, but our leaders are so uncultured,” he said with a shrug, offering his characteristic Cheshire-cat grin. “If things continue like this, China will only be known for tea and pandas.”
但是韩少最棘手的问题来自更难对付的对手：看不见的审查人员删除了他们认为不合适的内容，而文化警察让他的杂志迟迟不能出版，《独唱团》，这是一本集合了各种争议性的文章和照片的杂志。他耸了耸肩，并带着他标志性的咧嘴坏笑说到：“当局想要让中国成为一个文化大国，但是我们的领导人却是如此的没文化。”“如果事情继续像这样发展，中国将会只因为茶叶和熊猫而为世人所知。”

Since he began blogging in 2006, Mr. Han has been delivering increasingly caustic attacks on China’s leadership and the policies he contends are creating misery for those unlucky enough to lack a powerful government post. With more than 300 million hits to his blog, he may be the most popular living writer in the world.
自从他2006年开博以来，韩少不断发表日益犀利的评论文批评中国的领导层以及那些他认为正在给那些不幸不属于政府内部的民众带来痛苦的政策。他的博客已有3亿的点击量，这可能使他成为了这个世界上活着的最受欢迎的作家。

In a recent interview at his office in Shanghai, he described party officials as “useless” and prone to spouting nonsense, although he used more delicate language to dismiss their relevance. “Their lives are nothing like ours,” he said. “The only thing they have in common with young people is that like us, they too have girlfriends in their 20s, although theirs are on the side.”
近日在他上海的办公室里接受的采访中，他把共产党的官员形容为是“无能的”和经常大放厥词的，但是他用了十分巧妙的语言来解释两者之间的关系， “他们和我们是完全不同的生物，”他说。 “他们和我们唯一的共同点就是都有一个20多岁的女友，当然了，他们是包养小三。”

Mr. Han has enjoyed widespread fame since he published his first novel at 19, but his popularity has ballooned in recent months through blog posts that seem to capture the zeitgeist of his peers, the so-called post-80s generation born after the economic reforms introduced by Deng Xiaoping.
韩少自从他19岁发布第一本小说之后就享有盛名，但是在最近几个月中他的知名度因为他发表的那些引领这代人思潮的博文而像气球般膨胀，他的这代人也就是所谓邓小平施行改革开放后的80后。

Theirs is a generation of only children, the result of China’s one-child policy, and one that has known only uninterrupted growth. Whether true or not, it is also a demographic with a reputation for being spoiled, impatient and less accepting of the storyline fed to them by government-run media.
80后因为中国的计划生育政策而普遍都是独生子女，也都是自己独自成长的。不论真假，这代人都有着被宠坏而且没耐心的名声，还有就是他们对官媒灌输的思想接受的更少。

If Mr. Han’s tongue is sharp, he is careful to deliver his barbs through sarcasm and humorous anecdotes that obliquely take on corruption, censorship and everyday injustice.
每次当韩少想要说点什么尖刻的话语的时候，那他就会小心的通过反讽和幽默来间接的传递他对腐败、审查制度和每天发生的不公之事来表达意见。

In one recent post about redevelopment projects that often end in violence and forced evictions, he suggested that the government build public housing in the form of prisons. The benefits would be twofold, he explained: Tenants could make no claim on the apartments and those who make a fuss could simply be locked up in their homes.
在最近关于拆迁最后都以暴力或是强制迁移而结尾的博文中，他建议政府政府应该建立监狱来作为公共住房。这样才会实现双赢，他进一步解释道：这样租客们就不会发出反对之声，而那些想要提出不同意见的把他们锁在自己的屋子里就好了。

His current gambit is a wryly subversive competition that will award $730 to the person who comes up with new lyrics to a song-and-dance routine that was broadcast last month during the reliably soporific Chinese New Year television gala.
他最近的计划是举办一个挖苦春晚播出的说唱歌曲《党的政策亚克西》的比赛，谁写出来好的歌词就会奖给他/她5000 元人民币。

The performance, staged by China’s national broadcaster and viewed by an estimated 400 million people, featured merry members of the Uighur minority belting out praise for Communist Party policies.
These were not the policies that many Uighurs bemoan as oppressive — and which may or may not have provoked the deadly riots in the western region of Xinjiang last summer — but ones that supposedly reduced taxes, increased health benefits and according to the singing farmer Maimaiti, filled his donkey sack with cash.
这个在中国全国性的广播公司上播放，而且估计有4亿人收看的表演展示了欢乐的少数民族维吾尔族民众对共产党政策的称赞。
这些（歌曲里唱的政策）不是广大维族人民视为压迫，并可能是去年夏天在西部省份新疆引起暴动的政策，而是减少农业税，增加医疗保险，而且根据买买提大叔的说法：（这些政策）让他货巾里塞满了人民币。

ALTHOUGH his posts are sometimes “harmonized” — a popular euphemism for censorship —his blog, published by one of China’s most popular Web portals, has so far been allowed to continue. Ran Yunfei, a writer and blogger in Sichuan Province, says that Mr. Han is partly insulated by his celebrity, but also by his avoidance of the most politically charged topics.
尽管游戏时候他的文章会被“和谐掉”—— 一种流行的指代审查制度的说法—— 但是他的博客还在中国几个最大的门户网站之一上继续得以生存。冉云飞，一位四川省的作家、博客撰写者说因为韩少是名人所以避免了这种（被和谐）情况，还有就是他不写最敏感的政治话题。

“He uses humor and wit to laugh at the injustices he sees,” said Mr. Ran, whose own blog is blocked in China and available only to those with the technical means to hop over the Great Firewall. “Perhaps the reason he’s tolerated is because he does not name names directly and he doesn’t go after the heart of the problem, which is China’s one-party dictatorship.”
“他用幽默和智慧来嘲笑他看到的不公平”，冉匪说，他自己的博客已经被大陆屏蔽了，只能翻墙浏览。“也许韩寒被允许发声是因为他不直接点出姓名，而且也不会直击中国最敏感的话题——共党的一党专制。”

His other trump card is his financial independence. With 14 books to his name and a successful career as a race car driver, he is not susceptible to pressures that constrain other critics, many of them academics or journalists whose jobs tend to evaporate when their public musings cross an invisible line.
韩寒另一张王牌就是他在经济上独立自主。因为他出了14本书还是一位成功的拉力车手，他就不会害怕其他很多学者或记者所面临的压力——一旦言论越过看不见的红线，就会丢掉工作。

But the government has lately found a way to pique him by holding up the release of his magazine. Mr. Han said the main objection appears to be an article that details the blacklisting of actors who have angered the authorities. Asked what he will do if his endeavor is thwarted, or if one day his blog is banned entirely, Mr. Han smiles and offers trademark sarcasm, delivered deadpan. “I’ll just become a better driver,” he said.
但是政府最近找到一种让韩寒愤怒的方法——不让他的杂志出版。韩少说不让出版最主要的原因来自一篇有详细的惹怒了当局的作家黑名单。当被问到如果他的努力白费了或是博客被完全关闭了他怎么办的时候，韩少笑了笑然后面无表情的给出了标志性的讽刺。“我会成为一个更好的车手。”他说。

MR. Han has been reinventing himself since he dropped out of high school and promptly went on to become one of China’s best known writers. His first novel, “Triple Door,” plumbed the adolescent angst of those withering under the pressures of family and school. With two million copies in print, it is the best-selling book of the last 20 years.
韩寒从他高中辍学之后已经改变了很多，还成了中国最知名的作家之一。他的第一部小说《三重门》写出青春期少年在家庭与学校的压力下枯萎的故事。这本书获得了两百万的销量，它是过去二十年最畅销的书。

The protagonists in that novel and several that followed were young men like himself, raised in small rural townships and disdaining authority, especially teachers, who Mr. Han sometimes likens to prostitutes.
小说中的男主人公和接下来几部作品中的男主角就像韩寒自己一样，成长在小市民家庭中，还都藐视权威，特别是老师，他们被韩少比喻成娼妓。

Growing up, Mr. Han says he was given wide latitude by his parents. His father was the front-page editor of a local party newspaper and his mother worked for a social service bureau helping the needy. “My mom gave me an appreciation for the underdog,” he said.
韩寒说他的父母在他成长中给了他一个广阔的维度。他的父亲是一位当地党报的头版编辑，他的妈妈在社会服务中心工作。“我的妈妈给了一颗让我欣赏失败者的心，”他说。

His family’s home was packed with literature, he said, and his father made sure to put the good stuff — books published before the Communist revolution — low enough for an 8-year-old to reach. “He put all the poorly written books published after the founding of the People’s Republic of China high enough so I couldn’t reach it,” Mr. Han said.
他家的屋子里满是书籍，他说，而且他的爸爸确保那些真正的好书——在共产革命之前出版的书籍——放在能够让8岁的他拿到的低处。“他把所有的中华人民共和国成立之后出版的粗制滥造的书籍都放的很高让我够不到，”韩少如是说。

When his anti-establishment writings began to affect his parents’ state-run jobs, Mr. Han encouraged them to retire early, offering to support them financially.
当他反当局的写作开始影响他父母在国营机构的工作的时候，韩少鼓励他们早点退休，然后他来养活他们。

Once viewed by critics as petulant and self-consciously rebellious, Mr. Han has moved beyond ad hominem attacks on poets, pop stars and fellow bloggers. These days his attention is largely drawn to society’s deeper problems: a surge in nationalism; the lackluster quality of contemporary culture; and the albatross of sky-high real-estate prices that keep China’s nascent middle-class in a constant state of anxiety.
曾经韩寒被评论家们认为是易怒和难以控制的，现今他超越了感性层面来抨击诗人、明星和友邻博主们。这些日子他的注意力主要放在了社会的深层问题上：民族主义的波涛汹涌；当代文化的暗淡无光；以及高不可攀的房价让新生的中国中产阶级终日处在焦虑之中。

He blames the high prices on local officials, who sell off land to the highest bidder in an effort to finance public works and pump up the double-digit economic growth figures that keep Beijing happy. High property values, he adds, also pay for all those dinners and fancy gifts that seem to be the birthright of officialdom.
他把高房价问题归罪于当地政府，他们把土地卖给出价最高的竞标者以努力保持两位数的经济增长率来取悦中央政府。这带来的高财产价值，他补充到，用来给似乎是与生俱来的官僚们买晚餐和那些奢侈的礼物了。

The grim result is a country of young professionals so overworked and distracted by mortgage payments that they have no time to care about what ails China. “The government is happy to see prices go up, people are forced to buy property they can’t afford and they end up living in fear.” Then he smiles and adds, “It’s a perfect situation, right?”
冷冰冰的后果便是年轻的职员日以继夜的工作，还被偿还房贷搞的心烦意乱，这样他们就没有时间去关心是什么使中国的处境如此不堪。“政府乐于看到房价上涨，人们被逼去买他们买不起的房产，最后在恐惧中结束一生。”然后他微笑着补充道，“这是个完美的局面，对吧？”

Despite the sarcasm and griping, Mr. Han is an optimist at heart. The Internet, he says, will eventually prod China toward greater openness. No army of censors can completely constrain free expression. “I think the government really regrets the Internet,” he said, pausing for effect. “Originally, they thought it would be like the newspaper or the television — just another way to get their view out to the people. What they didn’t realize is that people can type and talk back. This is giving them a really big headache.”
除去这些讽刺和抱怨，韩少内心还是很乐观的。因特网，他说，会最终推动中国更加开放。没有任何审查大军能完全限制自由的言论表达。“我认为政府对引入互联网十分后悔，”他顿了一下，说。 “最早的时候，他们认为互联网像报纸或是电视一样——只是另一种传达他们思想的方式。他们没意识到人们会写出和说出自己的想法。这让他们大为头疼。”

10 Wonders of the World You Don’t Know

2010-03-10T20:24:00.000-08:00

原文：10 Wonders of the World You Don’t Know

译文：你所不知的世界十大美景

While most of these wonders will be known to a few people, they are, on the whole, not as well known as the famous “seven wonders”. Despite that, each has a reason for being considered wonderful and deserves its spot on this list. Enjoy the list and be sure to share other lesser-known wonders in the comments.

以下这些美景只为少数人所知，总的来说他们不能与著名的“七大奇迹”其名。除去这一点之外，他们每一个都是非常美丽而且值得上榜的。享受榜单上的美景，还有就是在评论中与我们分享其他鲜为人知的美景。

Banaue Rice Terraces

Philippines

巴纳韦梯田菲律宾

The Banaue Rice Terraces are 2000-year old terraces that were carved into the mountains of Ifugao in the Philippines by ancestors of the indigenous people. The Rice Terraces are commonly referred to by Filipinos as the “Eighth Wonder of the World”. It is commonly thought that the terraces were built with minimal equipment, largely by hand. The terraces are located approximately 1500 meters (5000 ft) above sea level and cover 10,360 square kilometers (about 4000 square miles) of mountainside. They are fed by an ancient irrigation system from the rainforests above the terraces. It is said that if the steps are put end to end it would encircle half the globe. Locals to this day still plant rice and vegetables on the terraces. The result is the gradual erosion of the characteristic “steps”, which need constant reconstruction and care.

巴纳韦梯田有着2000年的历史，它被原住民的祖先们雕刻到了伊富高山上。巴纳韦梯田一般被菲律宾人称作世界“世界第八大奇迹”。一般认为，这个梯田主要是徒手修建的。它位于海拔1500米（5000英尺）上，而且覆盖了10360平方公里（4000平方英里）的土地。它由来自上层雨林的古代浇灌系统提供供水。据说如果每一层首尾相连的话会有半个地球周长那么长。当地人今日仍用这块梯田来进行水稻和蔬菜的种植。结果就是那些阶梯在逐渐的消失，这需要经常对其进行维护。

Sigiriya

Sri Lanka

锡吉里耶斯里兰卡

Sigiriya (Lion’s rock) is an ancient rock fortress and palace ruin situated in the central Matale District of Sri Lanka, surrounded by the remains of an extensive network of gardens, reservoirs, and other structures. A popular tourist destination, Sigiriya is also renowned for its ancient paintings (frescos), which are reminiscent of the Ajanta Caves of India. The Sigiriya was built during the reign of King Kassapa I (AD 477 – 495), and it is one of the seven World Heritage Sites of Sri Lanka. Sigiriya may have been inhabited through prehistoric times. It was used as a rock-shelter mountain monastery from about the 5th century BC, with caves prepared and donated by devotees to the Buddhist Sangha.

锡吉里耶（狮子的石头）是位于斯里兰卡中心的Matale区早先被毁的石堡和宫殿，它被残存的花园、蓄水池和其他建筑包围着。它是一个理性的旅游目的地，锡吉里耶也为它早期的绘画所知名，这些绘画是对印度阿旃陀石窟的回忆。锡吉里耶是在迦叶王一世主政期间（公元477——495年）修建的，它也是斯里兰卡的七个世界文化遗产之一。锡吉里耶也许在史前就有人居住了。它在公元五世纪的时候曾作为一个石头做的有着洞穴的寺庙来给僧侣使用。

Tower of Hercules

Spain

赫拉克勒斯灯塔（译者注：也有译作海格力斯的，我用了wiki的译名）西班牙

The Tower of Hercules is an ancient Roman lighthouse on a peninsula about 2.4 kilometers (1.5 miles) from the centre of A Coruña, Galicia, in north-western Spain. The name Corunna is said to be derived from the ancient column. The structure is 55 meters (180 ft) tall and overlooks the North Atlantic coast of Spain. It is almost 1900 years old, was rehabilitated in 1791, and is the oldest Roman lighthouse still used as a lighthouse.

赫拉克勒斯灯塔是早先罗马在西班牙西北省份加利西亚克鲁那2.4公里（1.5英里）处修建的灯塔。克鲁那这个名字据说是衍生自以前的圆柱。这个建筑有55米（180英尺）高，还可以俯瞰西班牙的北大西洋海岸。这个灯塔有1900岁了，它在1791年的时候被修缮，而且这是最老的还在被当作灯塔使用的罗马灯塔。

Toruń

Poland

托伦波兰

Toruń is a city in northern Poland, on the Vistula River. The medieval old town of Toruń is the birthplace of Nicolaus Copernicus. The first settlement in the vicinity is dated by archaeologists to 1100 BC. During medieval times, in the 7th-13th centuries, it was the location of an old Polish settlement, at a ford in the river. The Teutonic Knights built a castle in the vicinity of the Polish settlement in the years 1230-31. In 1263 Franciscan monks settled in the city, followed in 1239 by Dominicans. In 1264 the nearby New Town was founded. In 1280, the city (or as it was then, both cities) joined the mercantile Hanseatic League and was soon turned into an important medieval trade centre. As you can see from the photograph above, it is a beautiful medieval city and well worth visiting.

托伦市位于波兰的北部，毗邻维斯瓦河。这座中世纪古城是哥白尼的出生地。根据考古学家的追溯，最早的定居者在公元前1100年就来到了这里。在7世纪至13世纪的中世纪期间，在这里的河岸上是旧的波兰人的定居点。条顿军团于1230至31年间在波兰人的定居点附近修建了一个城堡。在1263年，圣方济各会的僧侣们在这个城市定居，接下来是1239多明尼会的成员。在1264年，附近的新城区建立了。在1280年，这个城市加入了汉萨商业同盟，这使得它成为了一个重要的贸易中心。正如你在照片中所见的一样，这是一个美丽而富有中世纪韵味的城市，而且值得你前去旅游。

Ajanta Caves

India

阿旃陀石窟印度

The Ajanta Caves in Maharashtra, India are rock-cut cave monuments dating from the second century BC, containing paintings and sculpture considered to be masterpieces of both Buddhist religious art and universal pictorial art. By AD 480 the caves at Ajanta were abandoned. During the next 1300 years the jungle grew back and the caves were hidden, unvisited and undisturbed until the Spring of 1819 when a British officer in the Madras army entered the steep gorge on the trail of a tiger. Somehow, deep within the tangled undergrowth, he came across the almost hidden entrance to one of the caves. Exploring that first cave, long since a home to nothing more than birds and bats and a lair for other, larger, animals, Captain Smith wrote his name in pencil on one of the walls. Still faintly visible, it records his name and the date, April 1819.

阿旃陀石窟位于印度的马哈拉施特拉邦，它是建造可以追溯到公元前二世纪，在此石窟中有着绘画与雕刻反应佛教和世俗社会的杰作。到了480年，阿旃陀石窟被荒废了。在接下来的1300年中，这个洞穴被茂密的森林所隐藏，知道1819年一位英国军官在追寻老虎的踪迹的时候找到了这里。不知怎么，他在矮树丛的深处穿过了其中一个隐藏的洞口。他发现了已经作为鸟和蝙蝠居所的一号洞穴。史密斯上校在其中一面墙上用铅笔写下了他的名字。模糊的记录着他的名字和发现日期——1819年四月。

Valley of Flowers

India

花之谷印度

The Valley of Flowers is an outstandingly beautiful high-altitude Himalayan valley that has been acknowledged as such by renowned mountaineers and botanists in literature for over a century and in Hindu mythology for much longer. Its ‘gentle’ landscape, breathtakingly beautiful meadows of alpine flowers and ease of access complement the rugged, mountain wilderness for which the inner basin of Nanda Devi National Park is renowned. Valley of flower is splashed with colour as it bloomed with hundreds different beautiful flowers, taking on various shades of colours as time progressed. Valley was declared a national park in 1982, and now it is a World Heritage Site. The locals, of course, always knew of the existence of the valley, and believed that it was inhabited by fairies.

花之谷是一个十分美丽的高海拔喜马拉雅山谷，它因在过去一个世纪中登山者和植物学家的作品中出现，而在印度教经典中它早就出现了。它“温和”的景色、令人窒息的美丽草甸上的花海和让人心旷神怡崎岖的山地入口都位于南达戴维国家公园盆地的腹地。花之谷因为上百种不同的花而显得多姿多彩。这个山谷在1982年成为了国家公园，现在它是世界文化遗产。当然了，当地人一直知道花之谷的存在，而且相信这是神话发生之地。

Metéora

曼代奥拉

The Metéora (“suspended rocks”) is one of the largest and most important complexes of Eastern Orthodox monasteries in Greece, second only to Mount Athos. The six monasteries are built on natural sandstone rock pillars, at the northwestern edge of the Plain of Thessaly near the Pineios river and Pindus Mountains, in central Greece. Access to the monasteries was originally (and deliberately) difficult, requiring either long ladders lashed together or large nets used to haul up both goods and people. This required quite a leap of faith – the ropes were replaced, so the story goes, only “when the Lord let them break”.

曼代奥拉（雄伟的岩石）是希腊最大也是最重要的东正教修道院群，它也在阿索斯山上。六个修道院在自然形成的岩石上建造而成，它位于希腊中部的塞萨利平原东北角，在Pineios河与品都斯山的附近。通往修道院的路十分难走，需要走长长的阶梯或是用大网把人和货物吊上来。这确实需要坚定的信仰——绳索已经没了，所以（爬上修道院）这个故事也就成了只有“当主让他们休息的时候”。

Bagan

Myanmar

Bagan is an ancient city in the Mandalay Division of Burma. Formally titled Arimaddanapura or Arimaddana (the City of the Enemy Crusher) and also known as Tambadipa (the Land of Copper) or Tassadessa (the Parched Land), it was the ancient capital of several ancient kingdoms in Burma. Bagan was submitted to become a UNESCO heritage site[1] but many speculate of politics as partly the reason for the exclusion. UNESCO does not designate Bagan as a World Heritage Site. The main reason given is that the military junta (SPDC) has haphazardly restored ancient stupas, temples and buildings, ignoring original architectural styles and using modern materials which bear little or no resemblance to the original designs. Nevertheless, this is still a must-see wonder of the world.

蒲甘是以前缅甸曼德勒地区的城市。它正是的名字是Arimaddanapura或Arimaddana（粉碎敌人之城），也被叫做Tambadipa（富铜之地）或是Tassadessa（焦土），它是缅甸以前几个王国的首都。蒲甘原本要成为联合国教科文组织的物质遗产，但很多政治的投机成为了它不能入选的理由之一。联合国教科文组织并没有指定这里为世界文化遗产主要是因为这里的军政府（SPDC）不顾原本的建筑风格而随意的修复早先的舍利塔、寺庙和其他建筑，而且在这个过程中还用了现代的材料对原本的风格造成了极大的破坏。不管怎么说，这仍是世上几个必须要去的胜地之一。

Leptis Magna

Libya

大莱普提斯利比亚

Leptis Magna was a prominent city of the Roman Empire. Its ruins are located in Al Khums, Libya, 130 km east of Tripoli, on the coast where the Wadi Lebda meets the sea. The site is one of the most spectacular and unspoiled Roman ruins in the Mediterranean. The city appears to have been founded by Phoenician colonists sometime around 1100 BC, although it did not achieve prominence until Carthage became a major power in the Mediterranean Sea in the 4th century BC. It nominally remained part of Carthage’s dominions until the end of the Third Punic War in 146 BC and then became part of the Roman Republic, although from about 200 BC onward, it was for all intents and purposes an independent city.

大莱普提斯是罗马帝国一个知名的城市。它的遗址位于利比亚胡姆斯，的黎波里往东130公里的地方，那里是Wadi Lebda 的海滩。这里是地中海地区最壮观还没被破坏的罗马遗址。这个城市是在公元前1100年左右被腓尼基殖民者所建立的，不过直到迦太基人在公元前四世纪在地中海地区崛起的时候它才成为一个重要的城市。直到公元前146年第三次布匿战争之前，这里名义上都是迦太基的领地，后来罗马共和国就取而代之了。不过在公园200年之后从任何意义上说它都是一座独立的城市。

Library of Celsus

Turkey

塞尔瑟斯图书馆土耳其

This is number one for strictly personal reasons. I love books, I love libraries, and this site is dedicated to knowledge (as are libraries). The library of Celsus (in Turkey) was built to store 12,000 scrolls and to serve as a monumental tomb for Celsus (who had been consul in 92 AD, governor of Asia in 115 AD, and a wealthy and popular local citizen). The building is important as one of few remaining examples of an ancient Roman-influenced library. It also shows that public libraries were built not only in Rome itself but throughout the Roman Empire. In a massive restoration which is considered to be very true to the historic building, the front façade was rebuilt and now serves as a prime example of Roman public architecture.

这里成为第一名完全是因为我个人的理由。我爱书，我爱图书馆，而且这里全是知识。这个图书馆存有12000个卷轴还是作为塞尔瑟斯的坟墓出现。这个建筑物之所以重要还是因为它是早期受罗马影响的图书馆的样本。它也展示了公共图书馆并不仅仅在罗马城出现，而也在整个罗马帝国出现，它巨大的藏书量被认为是一个有历史意义的建筑，它的前部被重建了，现在它是作为罗马公共建筑的样本出现。

NYC and Las Vegas from above, at night

2010-03-06T03:08:00.000-08:00

NYC and Las Vegas from above, at night

大苹果城和赌城的夜景俯瞰

Photographer Jason Hawkes, a frequent contributor to the Big Picture blog, returns today, sharing with us some of his latest images of American cities seen from above at night - New York City and Las Vegas, both cities that undergo significant transformations after the sun goes down. From Hawkes: "The images of New York were shot on Nikons latest camera, the D3S, using three gyro stabilizing mounts and flown using twin star helicopters. (Eurocopter AS355). We flew from heights of just over 500 ft up to 2,500-ft with no doors on, it was very very cold. The images of Las Vegas were shot for a separate project, using a range of helicopters from a Robinson 44 to Eurocopter AS355".

摄影师Jason Hawkes是我们大图blog的长期供稿者，说说今天这个吧，他与我们分享一些他最新的美国城市夜景航拍的照片——纽约和拉斯维加斯，这个两个城市在太阳落山之后都有着非同寻常的景色。引用Hawkes的话来说：“纽约的照片我使用尼康最新的相机——D3S拍摄的，并且用了3个回转仪来稳固相机还用了双子星直升机来做飞行器。我们在500至2500英尺的高空开着舱门飞行，那太冷了。拉斯维加斯的照片是为了另一个项目所拍摄的，使用了罗宾逊44照相机和欧洲直升机AS355。”

One Worldwide Plaza, Eighth Avenue. (© Jason Hawkes)

世界的购物广场，第八大道。

The Williamsburg suspension bridge crossing the East River. (© Jason Hawkes)

横跨东河的威廉斯堡吊桥。

View from the Financial District across to the Governors Island and Upper Bay. Verrazano-Narrows Bridge can be seen lit up in the far distance. (© Jason Hawkes)

在总督岛和上湾之间看金融区。在远处我们还可以看到维拉扎诺海湾大桥。

Close up looking down onto Chrysler Building. (© Jason Hawkes)

在近处俯瞰克莱斯勒大厦。

Looking down onto Times Square. (© Jason Hawkes)

俯瞰时报广场。

The Empire State building in blue and red on the left of the image looking up Lexington Ave. to the Chrylser Building. (© Jason Hawkes)

这张照片是从列星顿大街看过去直到克莱斯勒大厦，在照片左侧的是蓝色与红色的帝国大厦。

Central Park, Central Park Reservoir and Metropolitan Museum of Art, looking South up Madison Ave. (© Jason Hawkes)

中央公园，中央公园水库和大都会艺术博物馆，这张照片是从麦迪逊大道的南边看过去。

The Statue of Liberty. (© Jason Hawkes)

自由女神像。（译者注：Free Woman内牛满面）

The area around The MetLife Building on Park Avenue and Midtown. (© Jason Hawkes)

大都会保险公司大厦周围的公园大道和中城地区。

The Empire State Building. (© Jason Hawkes) (© Jason Hawkes)

帝国大厦。（译者注：金刚就在这里打飞机！）

Las Vegas, Nevada

The Vegas Strip from above The Mirage. (© Jason Hawkes)

从米拉其酒店上方看维加斯大道。

Excalibur, Las Vegas. (© Jason Hawkes)

神剑城堡大酒店。

The pyramid shaped Luxor Las Vegas (© Jason Hawkes)

金字塔型的卢克索酒店。

The sphinx at the entrance to the Luxor Las Vegas (© Jason Hawkes)

卢克索酒店入口处的狮身人面像。

Brooklyn Bridge, Las Vegas. (© Jason Hawkes)

拉斯维加斯的布鲁克林大桥。

The top of the the replica Eiffel Tower at Paris Las Vegas. (© Jason Hawkes)

拉斯维加斯的巴黎铁塔仿制品。

New York-New York Hotel and Casino (© Jason Hawkes)

纽约-纽约旅馆和赌场。

The Excalibur, New York and MGM Grand hotels, Las Vegas. (© Jason Hawkes)

神剑，纽约和米高梅大酒店。

The Venetian with gondolas, Las Vegas Hotel Casino (© Jason Hawkes)

有着贡多拉船的威尼斯人酒店。

The Stratosphere Las Vegas. The tower has two observation decks, a revolving restaurant and three rides. (© Jason Hawkes) #

拉斯维加斯的云霄塔，在它上面有两个观景台，一个旋转餐厅和三个乘骑设施。

Two Chinese Schools Said to Be Tied to Online Attacks

2010-02-19T06:18:00.000-08:00

NYT：Two Chinese Schools Said to Be Tied to Online Attacks
译文：纽约时报：两所中国学校被指参与了网络攻击

2所中国学校被指参与了网络攻击

SAN FRANCISCO — A series of online attacks on Google and dozens of other American corporations have been traced to computers at two educational institutions in China, including one with close ties to the Chinese military, say people involved in the investigation.

旧金山电——一系列针对谷歌和其他美国公司的网络袭击的源头已经被锁定在了2所中国的教育机构，其中还包括一所跟中国军方关系十分紧密，参与调查的人员这样说到。

They also said the attacks, aimed at stealing trade secrets and computer codes and capturing e-mail of Chinese human rights activists, may have begun as early as April, months earlier than previously believed. Google announced on Jan. 12 that it and other companies had been subjected to sophisticated attacks that probably came from China.

他们同时也透露这次的旨在窃取商业机密，电脑源码和获取中国维权人士电邮的袭击可能在4月份就已经开始了，这大大早于先前的猜想。谷歌在1月12日宣称说它自己和其他一些公司已经成为可能源自中国复杂的网络袭击的目标。

Computer security experts, including investigators from the National Security Agency, have been working since then to pinpoint the source of the attacks. Until recently, the trail had led only to servers in Taiwan.

包括国家安全局（NSA）在内的电脑安全专家自那以后就开始要找出这次攻击的源头。直到不久前，也只能找到几个几个来自台湾地区的源头。

If supported by further investigation, the findings raise as many questions as they answer, including the possibility that some of the attacks came from China but not necessarily from the Chinese government, or even from Chinese sources.

如果根据后期的调查来看，发现的问题与得到的答案一样多，其中包括了这次网络袭击来自中国但并不是来自官方，甚至有可能不是来自中国。

Tracing the attacks further back, to an elite Chinese university and a vocational school, is a breakthrough in a difficult task. Evidence acquired by a United States military contractor that faced the same attacks as Google has even led investigators to suspect a link to a specific computer science class, taught by a Ukrainian professor at the vocational school.

更进一步的追溯这个源头，它指向了一所中国重点大学和一所职业学校，这是此次艰难任务的一个重大突破。从面临同谷歌一样受到攻击的美国军方供应商获得的证据显示一个有攻击嫌疑的链接指向了一个特定的电脑课程班级，这是由一位乌克兰教授在这所职业学校所教授的。

The revelations were shared by the contractor at a meeting of computer security specialists.

The Chinese schools involved are Shanghai Jiaotong University and the Lanxiang Vocational School, according to several people with knowledge of the investigation who asked for anonymity because they were not authorized to discuss the inquiry.

这个进展是在一次电脑安全专家会面上所分享的。

涉及到此次攻击的是上海交通大学和蓝翔职业技术学校，这是几位参与调查的专家匿名透露的，因为他们没有授权与外界讨论这次调查。

Jiaotong has one of China’s top computer science programs. Just a few weeks ago its students won an international computer programming competition organized by I.B.M. — the “Battle of the Brains” — beating out Stanford and other top-flight universities.

上海交大有着中国顶级的计算机科学项目。就在几个星期之前，来自交大的学生刚刚赢得了一个由IBM举办的国际计算机成绩程序比赛的奖项——这场“智力的比赛”——他们打败了来自斯坦福和其他几所最顶尖的高校的学生。

Lanxiang, in east China’s Shandong Province, is a huge vocational school that was established with military support and trains some computer scientists for the military. The school’s computer network is operated by a company with close ties to Baidu, the dominant search engine in China and a competitor of Google.

蓝翔技校位于中国东部的省份山东，它是一所由军方设立用来为军队培养计算机科学家的大型技校。这所学校的网络是由百度——这个中国搜索引擎的巨头和谷歌的竞争者——的子公司来运行的。

Within the computer security industry and the Obama administration, analysts differ over how to interpret the finding that the intrusions appear to come from schools instead of Chinese military installations or government agencies. Some analysts have privately circulated a document asserting that the vocational school is being used as camouflage for government operations. But other computer industry executives and former government officials said it was possible that the schools were cover for a “false flag” intelligence operation being run by a third country. Some have also speculated that the hacking could be a giant example of criminal industrial espionage, aimed at stealing intellectual property from American technology firms.

来自电脑安全企业和奥巴马政府的分析家们在如何解释袭击源头来自学校而不是来自中国军方或是政府机构产生了分歧。一些分析家已经私下的流传着一份断言这个职业学校就是政府机构的一个幌子的文件。但是其他来自电脑的精英和前政府官员声称这也可能是这所学校是第三国智库所运行的一个“幌子”。还有人也认为这次黑客袭击可能是一个巨大的网络犯罪样本，旨在窃取美国科技公司的科技财产。

Independent researchers who monitor Chinese information warfare caution that the Chinese have adopted a highly distributed approach to online espionage, making it almost impossible to prove where an attack originated.

监控中国信息战争的独立研究者警告说中国已经采用了一个高度分散的方法来进行网络犯罪，这使得想要找到网络攻击的源头是几乎不可能的。

“We have to understand that they have a different model for computer network exploit operations,” said James C. Mulvenon, a Chinese military specialist and a director at the Center for Intelligence Research and Analysis in Washington. Rather than tightly compartmentalizing online espionage within agencies as the United States does, he said, the Chinese government often involves volunteer “patriotic hackers” to support its policies.

“我们要知道的就是他们有着一个完全不同的电脑网络开发操作模式，”一位华盛顿研究中国军事和中情局的专家说到。不同于美国有着专门的网络攻击机构，他说，中国政府经常找“爱国黑客”当志愿者以支撑当局的政策。

Spokesmen for the Chinese schools said they had not heard that American investigators had traced the Google attacks to their campuses.

这两所中国学校的发言人说他们并没有听说美国调查机构已经把攻击谷歌的源头追溯到了他们的校园内。

If it is true, “We’ll alert related departments and start our own investigation,” said Liu Yuxiang, head of the propaganda department of the party committee at Jiaotong University in Shanghai.

“如果这是真的，我们会告知相关部门然后展开自己的调查”上海交通大学党委宣传部负责人刘玉祥（音）说到。

But when asked about the possibility, a leading professor in Jiaotong’s School of Information Security Engineering said in a telephone interview: “I’m not surprised. Actually students hacking into foreign Web sites is quite normal.” The professor, who teaches Web security, asked not to be named for fear of reprisal.

但是当被问及到发动攻击的可能性的时候，交大信息安全工程的一位领头教授再一次电话采访里说：“我并不感到惊讶。事实上学生们对国外网站进行黑客攻击是家常便饭。”这位教网络安全的教授因为害怕报复而要求不要透露自己的姓名。

“I believe there’s two kinds of situations,” the professor continued. “One is it’s a completely individual act of wrongdoing, done by one or two geek students in the school who are just keen on experimenting with their hacking skills learned from the school, since the sources in the school and network are so limited. Or it could be that one of the university’s I.P. addresses was hijacked by others, which frequently happens.”

“我相信有两种情况，”教授说。“一种是完全的个人违法行为：一两个调皮捣蛋的学生喜欢实验从学校学来的骇客知识，考虑到来自学校的攻击源数量有限。或者是另一种常发生的情况：大学的IP地址为其他人所劫持。”

At Lanxiang Vocational, officials said they had not heard about any possible link to the school and declined to say if a Ukrainian professor taught computer science there.

蓝翔职业技术学校的领导说，他们与网络攻击事件并不关联，拒绝表态是否有乌克兰教授在学校教授电脑课。

A man named Mr. Shao, who said he was dean of the computer science department at Lanxiang but refused to give his first name, said, “I think it’s impossible for our students to hack Google or other U.S. companies because they are just high school graduates and not at an advanced level. Also, because our school adopts close management, outsiders cannot easily come into our school.”

一位姓Shao的男士，他是学校电脑科学系系主任但拒绝透露名字，说，“我认为学生不可能攻击谷歌或是其他美国公司，他们只是高中毕业生，没那么高水平。而且，我们学校实行封闭式管理，外来人员不可能轻易进入学校。”

Mr. Shao acknowledged that every year four or five students from his computer science department were recruited into the military.

Shao先生称，每年电脑科学系中四或五个学生会应征入伍。

Google’s decision to step forward and challenge China over the intrusions has created a highly sensitive issue for the United States government. Shortly after the company went public with its accusations, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton challenged the Chinese in a speech on Internet censors, suggesting that the country’s efforts to control open access to the Internet were in effect an information-age Berlin Wall.

谷歌走到台前挑战中国的决定，为美国政府制造了一个高度敏感的问题。在其宣布受到攻击之后不久，Hillary Rodham Clinton国务卿发表了一次关于互联网审查的演讲挑战中国，暗示到中国政府控制互联网的行为实际上是在建造一堵信息柏林墙。

A report on Chinese online warfare prepared for the U.S.-China Economic Security Review Commission in October 2009 by Northrup Grumman identified six regions in China with military efforts to engage in such attacks. Jinan, site of the vocational school, was one of the regions.

2009年10月Northrup Grumman就网络战问题向美中经济安全审查委员会做了一次报告，他指出中国军方在六个区域实施了这些攻击。济南的蓝翔职业技术学校不过是其中一个。

Executives at Google have said little about the intrusions and would not comment for this article. But the company has contacted computer security specialists to confirm what has been reported by other targeted companies: access to the companies’ servers was gained by exploiting a previously unknown flaw in Microsoft’s Internet Explorer Web browser.

学校管理者几乎未提到入侵事件，也未就该文章发表评论。但公司已联系了电脑安全专家确认其他受攻击公司所受的损失：入侵者入侵者利用之前微软公司IE浏览器的一个未知漏洞，获取了公司服务器的访问权。

Forensic analysis is yielding new details of how the intruders took advantage of the flaw to gain access to internal corporate servers. They did this by using a clever technique — called man-in-the-mailbox — to exploit the natural trust shared by people who work together in organizations.

法学检验分析正在揭开新的细节，入侵者如何利用这个漏洞进入到企业内部服务器中。他们通过一项聪明的技术，所谓的“信箱人”——利用在组织中协同工作的人们对合作者的信任做到这一点。

After taking over one computer, intruders insert into an e-mail conversation a message containing a digital attachment carrying malware that is highly likely to be opened by the second victim. The attached malware makes it possible for the intruders to take over the target computer.

侵入了一台电脑之后，入侵者在email中插入一个包含携带恶意软件的电子附件，它很可能会由第二个受害者打开。附件中的恶意软件就有可能让入侵者接管目标计算机。

John Markoff reported from San Francisco and David Barboza from Shanghai. Bao Beibei and Chen Xiaoduan in Shanghai contributed research.

John Markoff从圣弗朗西斯科报道，David Barboza从上海，Bao Beibei和Chen Xiaoduan从上海对此文有贡献。

Blast from the Past: Vintage Technologies That We No Longer Use

2010-02-18T08:19:00.000-08:00

原文：Blast from the Past: Vintage Technologies That We No Longer Use

译文：再回首：那些我们不再使用的技术

Most of the technologies that we have used in the past have been eclipsed by the remarkable technology that we use today.

我们过去使用的技术已经被今日使用的科技所逐渐所取代。

Advances in their design have occurred in tandem with the advances in technology in this digital era, with many large products being redesigned and miniaturized into amazingly small sizes.

它们在设计上与我们这个数码时代一同进步，很多大家伙已经被重新设计还变成了让人吃惊的小尺寸。

While we may laugh at the fact that anyone ever found this technology to be cutting-edge, we can’t discount its place in history as a forerunner for all of the technology that wouldn’t exist today without its dinosaur ancestry.

也许我们会因为这些东西曾经代表了科技前沿而感到好笑，但是我们不能因此而把它们的历史地位打了折扣，没有这些数码恐龙作为先行者，就不会有今天的这些技术。

Here is a quick look through history at vintage technologies that we no longer use.

这里有一些今日不再使用的过去的设备，让我们快速浏览一下。

1. “Super 8/8mm” Handheld Video Cameras

1.“超级8.8毫米”手持摄影机

Kodak invented the Super 8/8mm video format in 1965. Soon after, handheld video cameras flooded the market and the living rooms of people everywhere were filled with families watching the hi-jinks at Freddie’s sixth birthday party.

柯达在1965年发明了超级8.8毫米摄影格式。在不久之后，手持摄影机便流入了市场和人们的客厅，每个地方都有家庭在观看Freddie的6岁生日宴会上的狂欢情形。

2. Betamax

2.卡式录像机

Betamax was developed by Sony in 1975, a year before the ultimately more popular VHS format was invented as a response to Sony’s attempt to control the format of the industry.

卡式录像机在1975年被索尼发明，是在最最流行的家庭录像系统（VHS）发明的前一年，VHS的发明是作为对索尼尝试控制录像行业的回应。

3. VHS Format

3.家庭录像系统格式

Invented by JVC, VHS was the predominant video format by the 1980’s, despite what some argued was the technical superiority of the Betamax format.

家庭录像系统（VHS）是被JVC所发明，VHS在1980年代是具有统治性地位的，尽管卡式录像机格式在技术上更有优势。

4. Laser Disc Players

4.镭射影碟播放器

Initially marketed as “Discovision”, laser discs were the format choice of tech enthusiasts who had the money to put together a collection until the DVD format came out.

最初推销时宣传为“发现性的”，镭射光碟是被有钱收集的科技发烧友所选择的格式——直到DVD格式出现之前。

5. Phonograph

5.留声机

The phonograph, or gramophone, was invented by Thomas Edison in 1877 and was on the mass market by the turn of the century. The gramophone was replaced by the considerably less bulky record player in the latter half of the twentieth century.

留声机，或者叫做唱机是在1877年被托马斯爱迪生发明的，而且在世纪之交的时候还占据了大量的市场份额。留声机在二十世纪后半页的时候被提及更轻巧的电唱机所取代。

6. Turntables

6.电唱机转盘

Record players are still in use in DJ booths, recording studios, and radio stations all over the world.

电唱机直到现在还被全世界的DJ，录音室和电台所使用。

7. HAM Radio

7.业余无线电

An estimated six million people are still involved with this hobby that began at the start of the 20th century. HAM radio operators communicate with each other over short wave radio. HAM radios have been featured in many popular movies, including The Shining and Contact.

有估计说在20世纪初大概有6百万人有这个爱好。业余无线电（HAM）的操作者之间通过短波电台互相联系。在很多流行的电影中HAM都有出现，例如《闪亮》和《超时空接触》。

8. Reel to Reel

8.卷盘到卷盘记录器

The first tape recorders were reel to reel and were the preferred technology for professional sound designers until digital formats rendered them obsolete.

第一台磁带录音机是卷盘到卷盘的，而且在数码格式出现之前都是专业的音效设计师的最爱。

9. Cassette Tape Recorders

9.盒式磁带录音机

These devices were considerably less bulky then their reel to reel ancestors, and were used mostly for transcription.

这些设备比他们卷盘的祖先要轻便的多，而且更多的用于录音。

10. Transistor Radios

10.晶体管收音机

Transistor radios typically only picked up on the AM band and were a ubiquitous sight in schools and businesses in the seventies.

晶体管收音机一般只能收到调幅波段，它在70年代的时候在学校和商业上无处不在。

11. Cassette Tapes

11.盒式录音带

The compact cassette was originally developed for transcription purposes, and its users quickly realized that they could use it to record music and make “mixed tapes”.

这个袖珍的磁带盒最早是被用来做录音的，后来大家发现了这可以用来记录音乐和制作“合成带”。

12. Boom Boxes

12.收录机（译者注：这个译名没原名的气势……）

Associated with hip hop, break-dancing, and other aspects of eighties culture, the boom box was introduced in the late 1970’s as portable, all-in-one music devices. Earlier models took huge quantities of batteries and were very heavy.

它同嘻哈、霹雳舞和其他80年代的文化紧密联系在了一起，收录机在1970年代作为便携多合一的音乐设备出现。早期的模型不仅要装大量电池而且还非常重。

13. Telegraph

13.电报机

The telegraph was the precursor to telex and fax machines. Used by shipping operators and for military uses, the telegraph required a skilled operator to transmit and receive messages.

电报机是电传机和传真机的前辈。它是在航海和军事上所使用，电报机需要一位有技巧的操作者来收发信息。

14. Telex Machines

14.电传机

These machines used radio and/or microwaves to transmit information over the airwaves. Variations of them are still in use today for communications by the hearing impaired.

这些机器需要用到无线电或短波来在频道中传递信息。它们的变种在今天仍被作为听力障碍人士的通信工具。

15. Wang Calculators

15.王氏计算机

No, we didn’t pick that just for the headline. In the seventies, Wang manufactured mini-computers that were a cut above your standard accounting computer, with exciting features like a FORTRAN IV compiler.

不，我们说这个不仅为了标题。在70年代，王氏公司制造的迷你计算机因为带有了如FORTRAN4汇编语言这样的功能而为你降低了选择计算机的标准。（译者注：关于这个公司欢迎参看英文维基这个词条：点击进入）

16. Analog Telephones

16.模拟电话适配器

While exactly who invented the phone is a topic of debate, the first patent was awarded to Alexander Graham Bell in 1876. They have evolved from rotary dial models to smart phones that we can use today to surf the internet.

当然是谁正在的发明了电话还尚存争议，但是第一个电话有专利保护的是亚历山大贝尔在1876年发明的。它们从过去的圆盘拨号进化到了今日的能让我们上网冲浪的智能电话。

17. PDA’s

17.掌上电脑（PDA）

Considered one of the biggest tech flops of all time, the Apple Newton was sold at a huge price point compared to other Personal Digital Assistants (PDA) that were on the market. Personal digital assistants were electronic timekeepers for the times when you couldn’t fit a computer in your pocket. The Newton’s development laid the groundwork for Apple’s hugely successful iPod and iPhone. Who’s laughing now?

想想这个科技史上最大的败笔吧，苹果的Newton同市面上的其他PDA相比价格高得离谱。PDA是当电脑不能装进你的口袋里的时候的计时器。Newton为iPod和iPhone的巨大成功打下了基础。现在还有谁敢嘲笑它？

18. Portable Televisions

18.便携式电视

Portable televisions, such as Sony’s Watchman, were an idea that came a little before the ability of the media to catch up to it. With a limited selection of channels, they never really caught on.

便携式电视，例如索尼的Watchman，是一个超前于媒体的点子。因为没有几个频道可以选择，它们从没有真正的变得流行起来。

19. Walkman

19.Walkman随身听

The Walkman was invented for the co-chairman of Sony, Akio Morita, who wanted to be able to listen to his favorite operas on plane trips. It was initially marketed as the Soundabout in North America, but the “Walkman” name was used for the product up until the present day.

随身听是被索尼的联席主席盛田昭夫所发明的，他一直想能在飞机上听到他最喜欢的歌剧。最早在北美它被称作Soundabout，但是“Walkman”这个名字持续到了今天。

20. Discman

20.Discman CD随身听

Two years after the mass production of the Compact Disc, Sony released its portable player for it. While they were popular with audiophiles, who appreciated the quality of recording, earlier Discmans would skip and didn’t allow for the popular “mix tapes” until it became possible for computers to “burn” CD’s.

在CD量产两年之后，索尼发布了便携式CD播放器。Discman在对音质十分讲究的音乐发烧友中非常流行，早期的Discman不允许流行的“混音带”播放——直到电脑可以“烧制”CD。

21. Pagers

21.寻呼机（译者注：我觉得BP机这个名字更有感觉……）

Pagers were commonly used from the seventies to the nineties, when widespread adoption of cell phones rendered them obsolete for mass market use. They are still used by emergency responders as they are not subject to network outages or similar disruptions in communication.

BP机在70年代到90年代都非常流行，然后手机的应用把它们逐出了市场。它们因为对网络要求不高所以现在在紧急呼叫的时候仍然有用。

22. LED Watch

22.液晶手表

The watch pictured is the Pulsar, the first LED watch. The watch’s designer was inspired by the film 2001: A Space Odyssey, having worked on the timepiece props for the movie.

图中的手表是第一块液晶表Pulsar。这个表的设计师是被2001太空漫游所激发灵感，他曾为这部电影制作时钟道具。

23. TV Watch

23.电视手表（译者注：小学一年级的时候我曾经看过说有电视手表，当时非常向往能有一块然后上课的时候就能看电视了……）

While the concept of this watch was attractive, it faced the same lack of channel availability issues as the Watchman.

尽管这个表的概念十分吸引人，但是它与Watchman一样面临一个窘境就是没有足够数量的频道。

24. Seiko Wrist Computer

24精工的腕上电脑

The smartphone of 1984: this took the idea of the “computer watch” to a whole new level. Think this is too much? Consider the nuclear watch, whose invention was rumoured in this Time magazine article. Be very glad that never happened.

1984年的智能手机：这让“电脑手表”这一概念达到一个新的高度。认为这太过了？想想核能手表，这曾在时代杂志上有过流言。幸好这没有发生。

25. Calculator Watches

25.计算器手表

The eighties saw watches infused with more gizmos than ever before. The most ubiquitous watch in geek culture was the calculator watch. Since most of us now have computers attached to our hips, it is no longer necessary. Unless you’re Dwight Schrute.

80年代人们往手表上添加功能的发明登峰造极。极客文化中最流行的表就是计算器手表。因为现在我们知道了我们的手机已经可以实现电脑的功能了，所以这种手表变再无存在的意义了。除非你是Dwight Schrute（NBC剧集The Office的角色）。

26. CRT Monitor

26.阴极射线管显示器（CRT）

Just when you thought you were done with vacuum tubes in your computers, they put them in your monitors in the form of cathode ray tubes (CRT).

想想在你的电脑里有真空管，他们把真空管以阴极射线的形式放在了你的显示器里。

27. Massive Mainframes

27.大型计算机

While mainframes still exist, they generally don’t take up entire rooms or store information on magnetic tape.

尽管大型机还是存在的，但是它们现在一般不用占据整个房间或是需要用磁碟来存储数据了。

28. Typewriters

28.打字机

While some writers still swear by them, most writers remember when they swore at them and have happily moved on.

尽管一些作者仍然极其信赖它们，但是绝大多数作家都曾十分相信打字机然后愉快的弃之不用。

29. Dial-Up Modems

29.拨号上网的调制解调器（译者注：有了宽带才上网的童鞋们，介就是多图杀猫的猫，当年上网就打电话占线然后被家长知道自己上网的我内牛满面经过。）

The dial-up modem was used everywhere until cable internet and DSL became available to the masses. While they are still in widespread use, everyone who has one wants to upgrade.

在光纤接入和DSL大量普及之前，调制解调器是每个地方上网的必备武器。尽管现在它们还在被广泛的使用，但是使用它们的人们都想升级了（某西北省份的同学请无视……）。

30. Zip Drive

30.极碟驱动器

This short-lived technology was the bridge between CD and DVD storage. These tough little disks were indestructible and built to last.

这个短命的产品是CD到DVD过渡的桥梁。这些坚硬的小碟片是牢不可破的。

31. Slide Projectors

31.幻灯机

These were classroom and office standbys for years, and were replaced by digital projectors and smartboards.

这些在教室和办公室里被使用了数年，然后被电子投影机和智能板所取代。

32. 8″ Floppy Disc

32.8英寸软盘

If you wanted to save one or two word processing documents, you could do it on these. Their smaller relatives are still in widespread use.

如果你想保存一个或两个文字处理文档，你可以用它们。它们小型的亲属在今天还被广泛使用。

33. 3.5″ Floppy Disc

33.3.5英寸软盘

The 3.5″ Floppy took over from its bulkier cousin with larger storage and a less destructible design. It had largely been replaced by the late nineties by CD’s, DVD’s, USB drives and other more convenient computer storage methods.

3.5存软盘接替了他笨重易碎的表兄的位置。在90年代后期，它被CD、DVD、USB设备和其他更方便的电脑存储设备所取代。

34. Polaroid Cameras

34.波拉德照相机（一次成影照相机）

While these cameras were largely replaced by digital cameras, the trademark has recently been purchased and the buyers are trying to breathe new life into the brand by hiring Lady Gaga as a spokesperson.

尽管这种相机很大程度上被数码相机所取得，这个品牌最近被收购了，而且买家想要通过让Lady Gaga（译者注：Oh Gee……）作为代言人而让这个品牌重获新生。

35. Home Movie Projectors

35.家庭电影播放机

Super 8 home movies and educational films were shown on these simple projectors. While they are still used in some schools, they have been largely replaced by digital projectors and the fact that you can now burn most home movies to a DVD.

超级8家庭电影和科教影片在这个简单的放映机上放映。尽管它们在一些学校仍在使用，但是它们绝大多数都被电子投影机和你现在可以烧制电影DVD的事实所淘汰。

36. Vinyl Records

36.黑胶唱片

Vinyl was the dominant music format for the 20th Century. From your grandmother’s old 78’s to the single 45 format, vinyl was perfected over the years to be as acoustically correct and cheap to press as possible. While they are still in use by DJ’s and radio stations, records have for the most part been relegated to the garage sale heap.

黑胶唱片在20实际的音乐格式上是占统治地位的。从你78岁的祖母到45岁的独身者，黑胶因为听觉上感觉更好而且更便宜所以完美的涵盖了所有年龄段的人。尽管黑胶仍被DJ们和电台所使用，但是他们已经降级为了车库里的垃圾。

37. CRT Television

37.CRT电视机

The first widespread use of television was in Germany beginning in 1929, and the German Olympic Games of 1936 were the first to be broadcast on television. Televisions remained out of the reach of the middle class until the 1950’s, when their ownership boomed globally and television shows became more popular. Cathode ray tubes gave way to the technologies that we use for television now, making sets less bulky and furniture-like.

第一次广泛的使用电视是在1929年的德国，然后1936年的柏林奥运会是第一次被电视转播的节目。电视直到1950年代之前仍没有进入中产阶级这个市场，然后它们的所有量在全世界呈爆炸性增长而且电视节目也变得流行起来。阴极射线管给了我们现在使用的电视一条道路，让电视机更小更像一个家具。

38. Tape Drives

38.磁带驱动器

Remember when backing up the computer meant changing the tape in the tape drive and letting it back up overnight? We’re so glad those days are gone too. The clunky old tape drives of the past didn’t store a lot of data and it would often take multiple tapes to back up important data. Old-school programmers started out as “tape-apes” doing backups as junior programmers.

注意当你备份电脑数据的时候意味着要更换磁盘驱动器里的磁盘而且要备份一整夜？我们很高兴这样的日子一去不复返了。笨拙老旧的磁盘驱动器并不难存储很多的数据而且它经常需要好几场碟片来备份重要的数据。守旧的程序员作为一个资深的编程者以“tape-apes”开始来做备份。

Disclaimer: This is not a complete list. Among others, we have purposely omitted featuring vintage computers, game consoles and others as some of these would merit their own post and we may cover them in future posts.

这并不是一份完整的榜单，我们省略了一些东西例如vintage计算机，电视游戏机以及其他一些值得自己就拥有一片博文的东西，我们也许以后会写一些他们的文章。

Compiled exclusively for WDD by Angela West.

The Gang Of Four

2010-02-17T02:45:00.001-08:00

原文：The Gang Of Four

译文：四人帮

The Gang of Four was the name given by Mao Zedong to the ultra-leftist political faction composed of four high Chinese Communist Party officials, led by his last wife, Jiang Qing. When Mao placed Jiang in charge of the country’s cultural apparatus in 1966, she had not taken a public political role. Using her role, she would effectively manage the Cultural Revolution (1966-76) and Communist China itself. (The other three members of the gang were Jiang’s close associates, Zhang Chunqiao, Yao Wenyuan, and Wang Hongwen, who were party leaders in Shanghai who played leading roles in securing that city for Mao during the Cultural Revolution.)

四人帮是有毛泽东定名的由四位中共高官组成的极左政治团体，而领导者就是他的妻子——江青。当毛在1966年的时候指定江青为文化部的负责人的之前，她并没有一个公职职位。她利用了自己的职位从而有效的组织了文化大革命（1966-76）和共产中国本身。（四人帮的其他三人是江青最亲密的助手：张春桥、姚文元和王洪文，当时他们是上海的党的领导人并在文革期间为毛保卫这座城市的安全。）

With Mao’s health faltering, the group slowly lost their influence. A power struggle inside the Communist Party ensued, and a propaganda campaign was launched against the four, calling them the Gang of Four. (Four has the same sound as ‘death’ in Chinese, and is viewed as an unlucky number). On October 6th, 1976, a month after Mao’s death, the gang was finally arrested. Blamed for the excesses of the Cultural Revolution, they were dragged in front of a show trial in 1981. Madame Mao, the former Shanghai starlet, now dubbed a witch by state media, remained defiant and theatrical to the last, protesting loudly and bursting into tears at some points. The only member of the Gang of Four who bothered to argue, she insisted that she obeyed Mao’s orders at all times. Zhang refused to admit any wrong. They would receive death sentences that were later commuted to life imprisonments. Yao and Wang, who confessed to their alleged crimes, received twenty years in prison. Jiang, who never repented, hanged herself in May 1991 after a debilitating struggle with cancer.

随着毛越来越虚弱，四人帮也慢慢的失去了他们的影响力。接踵而至的就是在中共内部发生的权力斗争，还有一场宣传战争在同时进行，称他们是四人帮（四在汉语里与死是同音，被视为不吉利的数字）。在1976年10月6日，也就是毛死后的一个月，四人帮终于被捕了。他们被指责加剧了文化大革命，他们在1981年被拽到了这场政治秀的前台接受审判。毛夫人，这位以前的上海明星，现在为国家宣传机器所抹黑的人仍要抗争到底，她高声的为自己辩护，有时候还泪如泉涌。她是四个人里面唯一厌烦争辩的，她坚持说自己从始至终所做的一切都是按照毛的指令。张春桥拒绝承认自己有任何过错。他们一开始被宣判为死刑，后来减刑为无期徒刑。姚文元和王洪文承认了自己的罪行，在监狱里呆了20年。而绝不认罪的江青后来得了癌症并在1991年5月自缢身亡。

Above, in the true Communist manner, the Gang of Four was removed from the original photograph of the memorial ceremony for Mao at Tiananmen Square. This was extremely ironic for Wang who announced Mao’s funeral service on national radio. Below, the images from the trial of the Gang of Four.

上图中，按照政治局的排位，四人帮从这张在天安门广场悼念毛泽东仪式的原始照片中被抹去了。这对于在毛的葬礼上向全国念悼词的王洪文来说是天大的讽刺。下图来自四人帮受审判的时候。

Chinese Contestant Enters Worldwide Gay Pageant

2010-02-16T04:03:00.001-08:00

原文：Chinese Contestant Enters Worldwide Gay Pageant

译文：纽约时报：中国选手进入世界同性恋比赛中

作者：By EDWARD WONG

Published: February 12, 2010

发表时间：
译者：

Ng Han Guan/Associated Press

Andrew Muyi, whose official pageant name is Xiaodai Muyi, posed for a portrait in Beijing last month.

BEIJING — He is 25, Muslim and comes from a part of China recently known for deadly ethnic rioting. This weekend, he is competing for the title of Worldwide Mr. Gay.

As with all such endeavors in China, the journey has been long and winding.

他今年25岁，是个穆斯林，还来自中国最近因为严重的种族骚乱而出名的省份——新疆。这周末，他参加了“世界同性恋先生”。他出国参赛的路上满是荆棘。

The Chinese delegate at Worldwide Mr. Gay was supposed to have been the winner of Mr. Gay China, a pageant originally set for Jan. 15 in central Beijing. But at the last minute, the Chinese authorities shut down the show, saying the organizers did not have the right permits.

来自中国的参赛者原本应该是在1月15日北京的初赛中胜出的人。但是在比赛开始前的一刻中国政府喊停了这个活动，说组织者没有获得举办比赛的许可。

Nevertheless, 11 people — the three organizers and eight pageant participants — quietly got together in late January and voted to send one of the contestants to Norway. That turned out to be a man from the western region of Xinjiang known publicly only by his nickname, Xiao Dai, or his English name, Andrew. His official pageant name is Xiaodai Muyi, and he landed in Oslo on Tuesday, a day after getting a Norwegian visa.

尽管如此，包括3名组织者这在内的11名参赛选手悄悄的在1月底相聚并选出了去挪威参赛的选手。结果是一位来自新疆的男子获得了去挪威的机会，公众只知道他的昵称“小呆”或是他的英文名“Andrew”。他官方的参赛名字是“小戴幕义（音）”，他在周四抵达了奥斯陆而前一天他刚拿到了签证。

“After the cancellation, we thought our attempt to educate the Chinese public had failed for now,” Ben Zhang, an organizer of Mr. Gay China, said Friday in a telephone interview. “By sending someone to Oslo, I guess we’re sending out a message to the world that still China is able to send a representative.”

“在比赛被取消之后我们相信到目前为止我们尝试教育让中国的大众接受这个群体的努力是失败的。”中国彩虹先生的组织者之一Ben Zhang在周五的电话访问中这样说到：“通过送一位参赛选手去奥斯陆这种方式我们是想告诉世界中国还是有能力排出一个代表的。”

According to the official pageant Web site, the finale takes place on Saturday.

根据官网上的资料，决赛的比赛是在周六进行。

Xiao Dai has been trying to maintain a low profile, and he could not be reached by telephone on Friday. “His schedule is very packed,” Mr. Zhang said.

小呆竭力保持着低调，直到周五之前都不能通过电话联系上他。“他的档期非常满。”张先生如是说。

The English-language edition of The Global Times, a state-run newspaper in China,published a short article on Xiao Dai on Friday, though it misspelled his name. Xiao Dai told the reporter in an earlier interview that he was the team leader of a gay group in Xinjiang, general manager of a local counseling group and chairman of a gay Web site.

官方报纸《环球时报》的英文版在周五刊发了一个关于此事的小短篇，但还拼错了他的名字。小呆在早些的一个访谈中对记者说他是新疆一个同志组织的领导，主要是管理一个当地的咨询组织还是一个同性恋网站的主席。

“Organizing gay events in Xinjiang is much harder than in Beijing,” he said, according to the newspaper. “Because it is against religion.”

“在新疆想要组织一个同性恋活动比在北京要难得多，”根据报纸上的访谈他说：“因为这不符合教义。”

Global Times reported that Xiao Dai is from the largely Muslim Hui ethnic group, which is common in northwest China. Mr. Zhang confirmed that Xiao Dai is known to be Hui. But he has also represented himself at times as Han, the dominant ethnic group in China, Mr. Zhang said.

《环球时报》报道了小呆是信仰伊斯兰的回族，回族在中国的西北部人数众多。张先生确认小呆是回族。但是他在有些时候也说自己是占中国统治性地位的汉族，张先生说。

Ethnicity is a delicate issue in Xinjiang, where Uighurs, the largest Muslim group in the region, coexist uneasily with the Han.

民族问题在新疆是个敏感话题，那里的为数众多的维族人是穆斯林，他们同汉族的共处并不融洽。

China decriminalized homosexual sex in 1997, but many gay Chinese remain closeted. The authorities have blocked gay events, including several last summer in Shanghai during China’s first Gay Pride celebration.

在1997年中国确认了同性恋不是犯罪，但是很多中国的同性恋们仍没有出柜。当局禁止了同性恋活动，包括去年夏天在上海举办的中国第一个同性恋骄傲庆祝期间的聚会。

After the Beijing pageant was canceled, “we were all sort of nervous, edgy and a little scared maybe,” Mr. Zhang said. But despite the irregularities, the organizers of Worldwide Mr. Gay showed enthusiasm for having a delegate from China, he added.

在北京的比赛取消之后，张先生说：“我们有些拘谨不安，也许还有点害怕。”但是抛开那些误解，世界同性恋先生比赛的组织者对能有一位来自中国的代表显示出了极大的热情，他补充到。

“The headquarters in Oslo was very insistent,” he said.

“奥斯陆的总部坚持我们要派代表。”他说。

Because Xiao Dai got his visa only at the last minute, there is no photograph or profile of him on the pageant Web site, as there are for the other contestants. But there is a list of the 30 countries or territories that have sent delegates, and China is on it.

因为小呆在最后一刻才拿到签证，所以官网上之显示了别的选手的资料而并没有他的照片或是个人资料。但是在一份30个国家和地区的参赛名单中，中国赫然在列。

Tibetans shun New Year celebrations for 2nd year

2010-02-15T06:33:00.001-08:00

原文：Tibetans shun New Year celebrations for 2nd year

译文：藏人第二年拒过农历新年

作者：Ashwini Bhatia
发表时间：2010/02/14
译者：twitter @foodpizza

DHARMSALA, India — Tibetans have decided against celebrating the Lunar New Year for a second year in remembrance of the suffering of people inside Tibet, the Dalai Lama said Sunday.

达赖喇嘛在周日说藏人们已经决定连续第二年抵制中国农历新年以纪念身处西藏的人民所遭受的痛苦。

The Tibetan spiritual leader asked his followers not to lose hope, saying people in Tibet have shown great courage and sincerity in facing China's crackdown after uprisings in March 2008.

这位藏人的精神领袖要求他的信众们不要失去希望，还说西藏境内的人们已经显示出了极大的勇气和真挚之心来面对中共在08年3月之后的打击。

Tibetans in exile also called off New Year celebrations last year. The Lunar New Year holiday that began Saturday is the most important of the year in China.

流亡藏人去年也停止庆祝新年。农历新年在周六开始，这是中国每年最重要的节日。

"Tibetans are only observing religious ceremonies and not celebrating the New Year," the Dalai Lama told more than a thousand Tibetans in exile who dressed in traditional finery and greeted him at the Tsuglakhang temple.

“藏人们只会关注宗教庆典而不会庆祝新年。”达赖喇嘛对着1000余名身着服饰去Tsuglakhang寺欢迎他的流亡藏人说。

The Dalai Lama led a prayer session, attended by senior Buddhist monks and Tibetan parliamentarians. Tibetans beat drums and cymbals during the two-hour ceremony on the terrace of the temple.

达赖主持了一个由资深喇嘛和西藏议员参加的祈祷活动。藏人们在两个小时的庆典中在寺庙的台阶上击打鼓和钹。

A group of young Tibetans, led by Tenzin Tsundue, a writer and political activist, waved Tibetan flags outside the temple and shouted "Free Tibet."

一群由作家和政治活动家丹增尊株领导的西藏年轻人在寺庙外面挥舞着雪山狮子旗还高喊着“西藏独立”。

The Dalai Lama is scheduled to meet President Barack Obama in Washington next Thursday. China has urged Washington to cancel the meeting and says it could damage U.S.-China relations.

达赖喇嘛计划在下周四在华府与美国总统奥巴马会面。中国政府敦促华盛顿取消这次会面，还说这会伤害到美中关系。

China accuses the Dalai Lama of pushing to free Tibet from Chinese rule, which he denies.

中国谴责达赖喇嘛是要让西藏从中国独立出去，而他否认了这一点。

He has been living in the northern Indian town of Dharmsala since he fled Tibet 50 years ago when Chinese troops marched in.

自从达赖在中国军队开进西藏时逃走以来，他已经在印度北部的达兰萨拉居住了50余年了。

China maintains that Tibet has been part of its territory for centuries, but many Tibetans say the region was functionally independent for much of its history.

尽管中国政府坚称西藏已经有几百年是自己的一部分了，但是很多藏人说这个地区在它历史上大多数时候都是事实独立的。

Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama wears a traditional hat of the Gelugpa Buddhist sect as he leads a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year at the Tsuglakhang temple in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

西藏精神领袖达赖喇嘛在达兰萨拉的Tsuglakhang寺戴着传统的格鲁派帽子主持一场标志着西藏新年到来的祈祷活动。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama gestures as he speaks to a crowd after leading a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year at the Tsuglakhang temple in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

达赖喇嘛在结束祷告仪式对周围人群讲话的时候做手势。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

Tibetan Buddhist monks greet Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama as he leaves after leading a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year, in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

藏族僧侣欢送祈祷仪式结束后的达赖喇嘛。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

A Tibetan is unable to control her emotions as Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, unseen, leads a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

一位藏人因为看到达赖喇嘛（图中无）因而情绪激动，不能自已。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

Tibetan Buddhist monks beat ceremonial drums as Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama, unseen, leads a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year, in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

喇嘛们为了庆典而敲鼓。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

Tibetan Buddhist monks serve Tibetan butter tea to their fellows during a prayer session marking the beginning of the Tibetan New Year in Dharmsala, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. (AP Photo/Ashwini Bhatia)

藏传佛教僧侣们在祈祷仪式上为他们的信众倒酥油茶。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Ashwini Bhatia)

Indian police detains an exiled Tibetan protestor who fights for Tibet's independence from China outside the Chinese Embassy in New Delhi, India, Sunday, Feb. 14, 2010. Tibetans are celebrating the Tibetan New Year Sunday. (AP Photo/Mustafa Quraishi)

印度警察拘捕一位在新德里中国驻印度大使馆门前为西藏独立做抗争的流亡藏人。2010/02/14 (美联社图片/Mustafa Quraishi)

Opening Ceremonies for Vancouver 2010

2010-02-14T05:10:00.000-08:00

Opening Ceremonies for Vancouver 2010
2010的温哥华冬奥会开幕式
Last night, Vancouver, British Columbia welcomed the world, as over 2,600 winter athletes from 82 countries entered the BC Place arena, ready to compete in 86 events in 15 different sports. The opening ceremony focused on Canadian diversity and heritage, with emphasis on the many cultures of the First Nations. After the longest Torch Relay in history, the Olympic Flame has come to rest and now lights the cauldron of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (30 photos total)
昨晚的不列颠省温哥华市喜迎世界来客，随着2600余名冬奥会运动员进入了不列颠哥伦比亚体育馆，他们为参加15个大项86个小项的比赛做好了准备。这次冬奥会的开幕式展示了加拿大的多样化以及文化遗产，而且注重强调了原住民的文化。在历史上最长的火炬接力之后，奥运圣火已经休息了下来，现在正在点亮2010温哥华冬奥会。

A snowboarder flies through the olympic rings at the start of the opening ceremony of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, February 12, 2010. (REUTERS/David Gray)
一位化学运动员在开幕式刚开始的时候飞跃过奥运五环，2010/02/12

2
Torchbearer Turner Seward carries the flame in Stanley Park, British Columbia, with the Lions Gate Bridge in the background on February 12th, 2010. (©VANOC, Luca Bertacchi with IMF) #
火炬手Turner Seward在BC省的Stanley公园手持火炬，他的身后是狮门大桥，2010/02/12

3
A man lights a candle in memory of luger Nodar Kumaritashvili who died on February 12, 2010 in a crash during a training run of the Luge event of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics at Whistler. Georgia's Olympic team vowed to carry on at the Vancouver Games after luger Nodar Kumaritashvili was killed in a horror crash in training after being thrown from his sled into a metal pillar. (FABRICE COFFRINI/AFP/Getty Images) #
一位男子点燃蜡烛纪念在2010年2月12日训练中不幸丧生的无舵雪橇运动员Nodar Kumaritashvli。格鲁吉亚奥运代表团在Nodar从雪橇甩出丧生后誓言要为了他继续下去。

4
A snowboarder flies through the olympic rings at the start of the opening ceremony of the Vancouver 2010 Winter Olympics, February 12, 2010. (REUTERS/Gary Hershorn) #
一位化学运动员在开幕式刚开始的时候飞跃过奥运五环，2010/02/12

5
A performer dressed as a First Nations member walks into BC Place during the opening ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics on February 12, 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. (Bruce Bennett/Getty Images) #
一位表演者在2010温哥华冬奥会开幕式上穿着原住民的衣服走进不列颠体哥伦比亚育馆，2010/02/12。

6
A man takes a photograph as spectators watch the opening ceremony of the Vancouver 2010 winter Olympics at BC Place on February 12, 2010. (CRIS BOURONCLE/AFP/Getty Images) #
一个男观众在2010年2月12日进行的冬奥会开幕式上照相。

7
Welcome poles, representing each of the Four Host First Nations, are erected during the opening ceremonies at the BC Place for the XXI Winter Olympic Games February 12, 2010. (ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images) #
代表了四位原住民主人的欢迎柱在第21届冬奥会的开幕式上矗立着，2010/02/12。

8
A dancer performs during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (Cameron Spencer/Getty Images) #
2010冬奥会开幕式上的一位舞蹈表演者。

9
A giant bear lit with LED lights towers over performers during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (Streeter Lecka/Getty Images) #
在温哥华冬奥会开幕式上的一个用LED灯点亮的巨熊。

10
The Canadian delegation is introduced during the opening ceremony for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) #
在周五进行的2010BC省温哥华市进行的冬奥会上，加拿大冬奥代表团入场，2010/02/12.

11
Members of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police carry the Canadian flag into the stadium during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (Jasper Juinen/Getty Images) #
加拿大皇家骑警的成员带着加拿大国旗进入体育场。

12
A Canadian athlete lets out a yell during the opening ceremony in Vancouver, British Columbia, Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Mark Baker) #
一位加拿大运动员在开幕式上兴奋的呐喊，2010/02/12.

13
Nelly Furtado performs during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Winter Olympics at BC Place. (Jasper Juinen/Getty Images) #
Nelly Furtado在不列颠哥伦比亚体育馆内为2010冬奥会进行表演。

14
Fabric hung from rigging inside BC Place has images of totem poles projected onto it during Opening Ceremony of the Vancouver Winter Olympics on February 12, 2010. (Streeter Lecka/Getty Images) #
编织物在BC体育馆内的图腾柱上覆盖着，2010/02/12.

15
Massive autumn leaves are projected onto the floor as performers entertain during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (Streeter Lecka/Getty Images) #
随着表演者们的表演大量的枫叶落到地上。

16
A view of a performer playing the part of a Voyageur during the opening ceremonies at the BC Place for the XXI Winter Olympic Games February 12, 2010. (ROBYN BECK/AFP/Getty Images) #
一个表演者在冬奥会上饰演加拿大船夫的瞬间，2010/02/12。

17
A performer is suspended in the air during the opening ceremony on Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Charlie Riedel) #
一位表演者在空中悬浮，2010/02/12。

18
Flags of the competing nations are superimposed onto the crowd, part of the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics at BC Place. (Cameron Spencer/Getty Images) #
在BC体育馆举行的2010冬奥会开幕式上参赛国的国旗在人群之中呈现。

19
Skaters wearing LED lights speed during the 2010 Winter Olympics inauguration ceremony on February 12, 2010. (CRIS BOURONCLE/AFP/Getty Images) #
穿着LED灯的滑旱冰的人在2010冬奥会开幕式表演期间滑行，2010/02/12

20
Winter athletes are represented in a performance during the opening ceremony for the Vancouver Winter Olympics in Vancouver on February 12, 2010. (DAVID HECKER/AFP/Getty Images) #
冬季项目运动员正在开幕式上进行表演，2010/02/12。

21
Artists wearing skis and riding snowboards perform in Vancouver's BC Place, February 12, 2010. (REUTERS/Mike Blake) #
艺术家们穿着滑雪服脚踏滑雪板在温哥华的BC体育馆进行表演，2010/02/12

22
k.d. lang sings during the opening ceremony for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Mark Baker) #
K.D Lang在开幕式上的演唱，2010/02/12。

23
A performer holds a candle during the opening ceremonies at the BC Place for the XXI Winter Olympic Games. (LEON NEAL/AFP/Getty Images) #
表演者在21届冬奥会开幕表演上手持蜡烛。

24
Rick Hansen carries the Olympic torch during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics at BC Place on February 12, 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. (Jasper Juinen/Getty Images) #
Rick Hansen在BC体育馆内载着奥运火炬，2010/02/12。

25
Four final torch bearers (hockey player Wayne Gretzky, basketball player Steve Nash, skier Nancy Greene, and speedskater Catriona LeMay Doan) salute the crowd during the opening ceremony for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics in Vancouver on Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Mark J. Terrill)
4位最后火炬传递者（冰球运动员Wayne Gretzky，篮球运动员Steve Nash，滑雪运动员Nancy Greene和速滑选手Catriona LeMay Doan）向观众致意，2010/02/12。

26
Speedskater Catriona Le May Doan takes part in lighting the Olympic flame on February 12, 2010 in Vancouver, Canada. (Cameron Spencer/Getty Images) #
速滑选手Catriona LeMay Doan参与最后的点火，摄于2010/02/12，加拿大温哥华。

27
Steve Nash helps to light the Olympic flame on Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Mark Baker)
纳什点燃火炬的瞬间，摄于2010/02/12。

28
Performers surround the Olympic flame as it burns in a multiflame cauldron during the Opening Ceremony of the 2010 Vancouver Winter Olympics. (Matthew Stockman/Getty Images)
演出者们围绕着奥运圣火。

29
Fireworks light up the night sky after the Opening Ceremony for the Vancouver 2010 Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Friday, Feb. 12, 2010. (AP Photo/Matt Slocum)
在开幕式后，烟花点亮了温哥华的夜空，2010/02/12。

30
Fireworks appear over Vancouver after the opening ceremony for the 2010 Winter Olympics. (AP Photo/Bela Szandelszky)
在开幕式后，温哥华到处都燃放着焰火来庆祝2010的冬奥会。

让我们来看一看qq的流氓本性

2010-02-12T06:33:00.000-08:00

让我们来看一看qq的流氓本性

我用了五个短网址压缩服务来压缩新华网，qq报错三个，说这个网址是恶意网址，而没报错的是墙内的aa.cx与已经被墙的bit.ly 报错的三个是在twitter上使用很多的，我们可以推测qq是个什么样的软件，腾讯是个什么样的公司。另：校内其实也不是什么好鸟。

http://is.gd/8erMM
http://aa.cx/exd
http://goo.gl/RVHe
http://bit.ly/aSmwNf
http://ow.ly/16Ihl

The Challenge of China

2010-02-12T05:46:00.001-08:00

The Challenge of China

中国的挑战

Relations between the United States and China have turned chilly in recent months as the two countries wrangle over Taiwan, Tibet, Iran and China’s continued manipulation of its currency.

近几个月来中美关系由于台湾、西藏、伊朗和中国持续对他汇率的操控而急转直下。

its own people and internationally. China is certainly pushing its sense of grievance too far and underestimating the fear and resentment its growing power is provoking in Asia and the West.

这是由于它自己人和国际的原因。中国正在把它的委屈推向世界，而且低估了它的恐惧和怨恨的增长则正在对亚洲和西方产生挑战。

There is little hope of progress — on the global economy, global warming or Iran’s nuclear ambitions — unless Washington and Beijing work harder to manage their differences.

对于很多事情我们都对进展不抱有希望——诸如全球经济、全球变暖或是伊朗的核问题——除非华府与北京在解决纷争上更做努力。

President Obama’s decision last month to sell Taiwan $6.4 billion in helicopters, Patriot missiles and other defensive items elicited a particularly harsh reaction: Beijing has publicly threatened to punish American arms companies that sell to Taiwan, presumably by cutting off access to China’s huge market.

上个与奥巴马总统关于对台出售64亿美元包括直升机、爱国者导弹和其他防御性武器等军火的决定引出了一个特别激烈的反应：北京政府公开的威胁要盛饭美国出售给台湾军火的公司，和可能要把他们逐出中国的巨大市场。

The sales could not have been a surprise to China’s leadership. Mr. Obama told President Hu Jintao of his intentions at their summit in November in Beijing. The arms were part of a package approved by former President George W. Bush, and Mr. Obama left out the most controversial items: F-16 jets and diesel submarines.

这个出售军火案对于中国的领导阶层不是一件出其不意的事情。奥巴马先生在去年11月出访北京的时候就告诉了胡锦涛主席。这些军火是前总统布什批准的一揽子交易中的一部分，而且奥巴马先生把最重要的东西剔除了：F16战机和柴油动力潜艇。

Rather than encouraging Taiwan’s independence, as Beijing claims, the arms sales will give Taiwan’s president, Ma Ying-jeou, the confidence to continue his efforts to improve relations with the mainland. It is absurd for China to think that any Taiwanese leader would not want to bolster his country’s defenses when Beijing is modernizing its arsenal and stationing more than 1,000 missiles across the Taiwan Strait.

相较于北京所宣称的这是鼓励台湾独立的行为，这些军售其实会给台湾总统马英九以自信来继续同大陆改善关系。北京那种认为台湾的领导人会在北京政府改善装备还用上千的导弹对准了台湾的时候不想加强自己的防御保卫国家的想法是荒唐的。

Beijing’s threat to punish American companies is a dangerous game, especially at a time when criticism is rampant — around the world and on Capitol Hill — about China’s unfair trade practices.

北京政府威胁要惩罚美国公司是一个危险的游戏，特别是当各种关于中国在不公平交易的诉讼无处不在的时候——在世界上和在国会山都比比皆是。

Beijing is also complaining bitterly about President Obama’s planned meeting this month with the Dalai Lama, warning it would “damage trust and cooperation” between the two countries. American presidents have regularly met with the respected Tibetan religious leader. And China’s leaders would have more chance of calming tensions in Tibet if they sought serious compromise with the Dalai Lama, who has advocated greater autonomy for the region, not independence, as Beijing speciously claims.

北京还在奥巴马将要在此月会见达赖的计划进行挖苦的抱怨，警告说这将会“破坏两国之间的信任和合作”。美国总统们经常会见备受尊重的西藏宗教领袖。中国的领导人们也会有更多的关于宣称在西藏紧张气氛的机会，如果他们寻求与宣扬更多民族自治而不是独立的达赖喇嘛进行和解，正如北京表面上宣传的那样。

China is alienating not only the United States but also France, Britain and Germany by resisting tougher United Nations Security Council sanctions on Iran. Beijing’s view is frustratingly shortsighted. Any conflict over Iran’s nuclear program would drive up oil prices and disrupt China’s purchases.

中国的敌人不光是美国，还有因为抵制联合国安全委员会制裁伊朗决议而惹恼的法国、英国和德国。北京政府的视野是令人沮丧的短。任何对伊朗核问题的议案都会让油价飞涨还会中断中国的购买。

The Obama administration is smart to try to line up backup suppliers for China — talking to Saudi Arabia and others — as part of its bid to get Beijing to support tougher sanctions.

奥巴马政府很聪明的去尝试着邀集中国的支持者们——同苏丹和其他国家对话——作为换取中国对伊朗更严厉制裁的一部分。

The administration also was smart not to overreact when Beijing declared that the Taiwan arms sales will “cause seriously negative effects” on contacts and cooperation between the two countries. Administration officials expect the Chinese to cancel some high-level meetings. But they say they are working to ensure that midlevel military exchanges continue and that this year’s summit in Washington with President Hu goes forward.

美国政府也很聪明的在接触和两国合作时不对中国宣称对台军售会“引起严重消极影响”做出过度回应。政府官员预期中国会取消一些高层的会议。但是他们说他们正在中级的军事交换仍会继续，而且今年同胡主席在华府的峰会还将进行。

American officials say they see signs that Beijing doesn’t want to push things too hard. Outside experts worry that China may overplay its hand. That would not be in anyone’s interest.

美国官员说他们看到了北京不想让局面变得太难堪的信号。外围的专家担心中国政府会做的太过分了，那会是任何人都不想看到的局面。

Walking to Freedom with Nelson Mandela

2010-02-11T06:46:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.bbc.co.uk/worldservice/programmes/2010/02/100210_outlook_hilda_ndude.shtml

Walking to Freedom with Nelson Mandela

同曼德拉一起走向自由

When Nelson Mandela walked out of Victor Verster prison near Cape Town 20 years ago, it seemed as if the whole world was desperate to catch a glimpse of South Africa's most famous political prisoner.

当20年前纳尔逊曼德拉走出开普敦Victor Verster监狱的时候，看起来整个世界都不顾一切的想要看一眼南非最著名的政治犯。

At the centre of one of the most famous photographs of that moment was Hilda Ndude.

在那时最出名的一张照片中间的是 Hilda Ndude。

A fellow anti-apartheid campaigner, Hilda was in charge of protocol for that day, and was responsible for ensuring that Mandela's first public appearance for 27 years went without a hitch.

在那时Hilda这位反种族歧视的斗士负责协定的起草，而且保证了曼德拉27年来首次在公众面前自由的亮相。

Chinese police admit enormous number of spies

2010-02-09T21:55:00.001-08:00

Chinese police admit enormous number of spies
每日电讯：中国的警察承认拥有难以计数的密探
A Chinese police chief has said he uses more than 12,000 spies to inform on a remote county of just 400,000 people, an admission that lays bare the enormous scale of China's surveillance network.
一位中国警察的头目说在一个仅有400000人的偏远郊县就有12000间谍来维稳，一位管理者承认了中国巨大规模的监控网络。

By Malcolm Moore in Shanghai
Published: 10:58AM GMT 09 Feb 2010
有专家称在中国的一线城市密探数量还要更多。图片：美联社
Liu Xingchen, the 56-year-old assistant to the head of Kailu County, a farming region in Inner Mongolia, said his vast network of informants meant he could be "very sensitive" to any signs of dissent and protest.
56岁的刘星辰（音）是内蒙古一个农业县开鲁县的县长助理，他说他有一个巨大的线人网络可以对任何的异议和反抗都保持“高度敏感”。
In an interview with Xinhua, the government-run news agency, Mr Liu described how he was able to "quickly and accurately discover all sorts of information that might destabilise society".
在同官方的新华社的一次访问中，刘先生解释了他是如何“快速准确的发掘社会不稳定因素”的。
"Every policeman and auxiliary policeman, no matter their division or particular police station, has to establish at least 20 informants in their community, village, work unit and so on. Altogether, these add up to 10,000 spies.
“不论是哪一位每一位警察或是协警，都必须在他所管辖的社区、村庄、工作单位或是别的地方培养至少20位线人。这加起来有超过10000名间谍。”
"Then the actual criminal units, the economic crimes unit, the Domestic Security Department, the Public Information Security Supervision and so on will establish a further five 'eyes and ears'.
“然后就是负责刑事犯罪单位、经济犯罪单位、国内安全部门、公共安全信息监管单位以及其他部门每个人都得发展至少5个眼线。”
"At the latest count, our bureau has established 12,093 informants," he said.
“这些人的总数最少加起来有12093个。”他说
Mr Liu also said that the bureau had "evolved" from being passive guardians of the law to active ones. "We have gone from punishing people after the crime to resolving the problem before it happens," he said.
刘先生也说管理机构已经“涉及”到开始积极的保卫法律不被活跃分子所触犯。“我们现在是防患于未然。”他说
Experts said the number of spies in China's major cities, such as Beijing and Shanghai, and in more restive regions, such as Tibet and Xinjiang, was likely to be far higher. The number of spies in Kailu County, extrapolated nationwide, suggests China has at least 39 million informants, around three per cent of its population. By comparison, around 2.5 per cent of East Germans spied for the Stasi secret police under Communism.
有专家称在中国诸如北京和上海这样的一线城市或西藏与新疆这样的不安稳地区的密探数量还要更多。从开鲁县的间谍人数可以推测出中国全国至少有3千9百万线人，这占到了3%的人口。让我们来做个对比，在东德共产主义的统治下有2.5%的人是国家安全部秘密警察的线人。
It is unclear whether all the informants in Kailu County were kept on the government payroll, but other Chinese cities have adopted a rewards system. More than 200,000 yuan (£18,730) was awarded in a single month in the southern city of Shenzhen to informants who offered 2,000 tips on criminal activity.
Meanwhile, researchers at China Digital Times have translated leaked internal documents that spell out the role of China's Domestic Security Department (DSD), the huge security operation that is dedicated to "preserving public harmony".
目前还不得而知开鲁县的这些线人的工资是否有政府来出，但是其他的中国城市已经建立了奖励系统。在深圳，有超过20万元（18730英镑）在一个月中作为线人举报2000余条犯罪线索的奖励而被发放出去。同时，CDT的研究者已经翻译了泄露出的内部文件揭示了
中国国安局（DSD）的角色，这个庞大的安全部门是用来“维护公共和谐”。

The DSD keeps watch over anyone with "distinct views in the economic, cultural and political domain" who "possess different views from the authorities and insist on expressing them".
国安局严密监视着“对经济、文化和政策方针有异见的人”这些人“推动与当局不同的声音还坚持自我意见的表达。”
"We should persist in putting punishment first; strike and take care of things early," the documents state.
“我们要坚持把惩罚放在第一位；提早打击和关注这些事情。”这篇文章总结到。

Fragile China

2010-02-08T05:58:00.001-08:00

Fragile China

脆弱的中国

CALGARY HERALD

FEBRUARY 7, 2010

China's bully-boy attitude, manifested in its delisting of the University of Calgary as an accredited school after the U of C bestowed an honorary degree on the Dalai Lama, should cow no one in this democratic society.

中国蛮不讲理的态度在他因为卡尔加里大学授予达赖喇嘛荣誉学位而把其从官方认可的大学列表中删除而一览无余。在民主社会中，这样的恐吓不应发生。

But it should serve as a wake-up call to those who may be lulled into complacency about China and tempted to think that because China is growing in global importance as a trade partner, it is making equal strides toward attaining more western ways of thought. It most definitely is not, and nobody should lose sight of that fact.

但是这应该能唤醒那些满足于中国现状而且因为中国成长为一个国际上的大国而把他想为是贸易合作伙伴的人，这使大家更多的用平等西方的思维来考虑中国。最好不要这样想，而且没有人应该忽视事实。

Noses in the Chinese government hierarchy are severely out of joint, apparently because the U of C awarded the Dalai Lama the degree. This could affect the status of the approximately 600 Chinese national students on campus who hail from Hong Kong and China. It should come as no surprise that China appears not to care how its petty, retaliatory behaviour will affect its own nationals abroad.

中国政府的层次体系的嗅觉严重紊乱，显然是因为卡尔加里大学给了达赖喇嘛一个荣誉学位。把卡尔加里从列表中剔除这件事可能会影响到接近600名来自香港和大陆的中国学生.。在中国对这种报复性的行为会影响他自己在国外的国民的小事上持漠不关心的态度是不令人惊讶。

The U of C has nothing to apologize for, or to regret. The Dalai Lama is a renowned spiritual leader, who has been awarded numerous honorary degrees around the world, including three from other Canadian universities. Nor should any western university censure itself or make concessions to the manipulative grumblings of China. Universities have every right to grant degrees to whomever they please, and this incident should deter none of them from continuing that tradition. Caving in to a bully's behaviour only further encourages the bully to continue that behaviour, because it brings results.

卡尔加里大学没有什么可以道歉或是后悔的。达赖喇嘛是在世界范围能得到过无数荣誉学位名誉卓著的精神领袖，其中包括了三所加国大学所授予的荣誉学位。任何一所西方的大学都不应该为难自己或是对中国操纵的赌局进行任何让步。大学有授予他们想要授予的人人学位的权利，而且这件事情不应成为他们继续这种传统的阻碍。对无理行为的忍让智慧进一步促进这种行为。

That doesn't mean Alberta education officials should respond in kind or seek some sort of retaliatory action against China. That would only be stooping to the scurrilous level of behaviour the Chinese are exhibiting. Advanced Education Minister Doug Horner is taking the right approach. He wants to preserve the good aspects of the reciprocal relationship with China, while focusing specifically on dealing with the problematic part of it. Horner says he'd like "to see the situation rectified as soon as possible," and that "we'll talk to them to see what we can do."

这并不意味着阿尔伯塔教育机构应该善意的回复或是采取某种对中国的报复行动。这只会被视为对中国人显示出的下流行为的屈尊。高等教育部部长Doug Horner正在进行正确的努力。他想要维持与中国的互惠关系，同时把注意力放在与它有问题的部分进行交易。Horner说他喜欢“看到这个境况被尽快解决，”而且“我们会同他们进行对话看我们能做什么。”

This is the fine line that always has to be tread in dealing with China, and one that's vital on the business front. China is growing in importance as a trading partner, but Canada must carefully balance that out by not neglecting to keep the very real issue of Chinese human rights abuses in mind. That's one reason Prime Minister Stephen Harper rightly delayed his first trip to China for so long. Likewise, Alberta needs to encourage open exchanges with China, and to let the Chinese know that students are welcome here, for slamming doors over the Dalai Lama incident accomplishes nothing.

这就是在同中国交易的时候经常要被践踏的事实，而且最重要的原因就是基于商业的理由。虽然中国正在成长为一个越来越重要的贸易伙伴，但是加拿大必须不能忽略把中国的人权问题谨记在心头。这就是总理Stephen Harper显示正确的推迟了他访问中国时间的原因。同样的，阿尔伯塔需要鼓励与中国开放的交流，从而让中国人知道这里是欢迎留学生的，中国在达赖喇嘛问题上的抨击算不了什么

Yet, Horner must also make clear that Alberta will not be intimidated or dictated to, and that no apologies will be issued to placate China, either.

然而Horner也必须澄清阿尔伯塔不会被恐吓所吓倒，也不会就达赖问题向中国道歉。

Building Vancouver’s Olympic Future

2010-02-08T01:47:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/slideshow/2008/12/05/travel/escapes/1205-VANCOUVER_13.html
Building Vancouver’s Olympic Future
建造温哥华的奥林匹克未来
译者注：让我们走近力哥治理下美丽的温哥华
Photo: Bonny Makarewicz for The New York Times

With the 2010 Winter Games a bit more than a year away, many buildings are rising in and around Vancouver, British Columbia. While much of the construction is in preparation for the Games themselves, some of these new buildings will be condominiums owned by those who plan to make the city their second home.
Many of the waterfront condominiums will have views of the harbor, Vancouver's biggest selling point.
随着2010冬奥会的脚步越来越近，很多建筑在BC省温哥华市以及周边的地区拔地而起。很多新建筑都是为了奥运会而准备的，也有一些建筑是让计划把这里变成第二个家的而所拥有的。
很多海滨的公寓都能一览海港美景——这个温哥华最大的卖点。

A view of False Creek with the 16-building Olympic Village to the left. At right is the BC Place stadium, where the opening and closing ceremonies will take place. The Science World dome, center, was constructed for the 1986 World Exposition.
After the Winter Games, the Olympic Village, which will house about 2,800 athletes, is to be converted into a 730-unit luxury condominium complex called Millennium Water.
这张照片的左边是福溪在建的16做奥运村建筑，右边是卑诗体育场，开幕式和闭幕式都将在这里举行。科学世界穹顶中心是为了1986年世博会所建造的。
在冬奥会结束之后，能容纳2800名运动员的奥运村将会被转变成一个叫做千年水的730单元的豪华公寓

Although it is only 35 miles north of the U.S. border, Vancouver looks and feels different from any city in the United States or, for that matter, Canada. With its glass-and-steel towers, Vancouver could be in Asia.
Left, children play soccer on a field in Yaletown, at the southern end of the peninsula that forms the downtown area.
尽管温哥华距离美国的边境只有35英里远，但是它的外貌和感觉却与美国完全不同。这些玻璃和钢构建的摩天大楼让温哥华看起来像一座亚洲城市。
左面是在半岛南边的尽头市区的耶鲁镇上的一群孩子在踢足球。

Yaletown is similar to the SoHo neighborhood of Manhattan, with cafes and housewares stores.
耶鲁镇和曼哈顿的SOHO地区很像，到处都是咖啡店和家用品的店。

Much of the peninsula is surrounded by a sea wall, which is ideal for walking, biking and jogging.
半岛被海水所包围，因此这里是理想的散步、骑车和慢跑的处所。

At the tip of the peninsula, Stanley Park has a small thicket of genuine totem poles.
在半岛的末端，Stanley公园有一小群图腾柱。

At Coal Harbor, construction continues on a new convention center.
在卡尔港，这个建筑成为了新的政治中心。

Sea planes dock in Coal Harbor.
海上飞机停靠在港口中。

A large inukshuk, a traditional stone sculpture used by Canada's Inuit people, overlooks the English Bay. The symbol is part of the logo for the 2010 Winter Games.
一个巨大的加拿大原住民制作的巨石雕像，俯瞰着英吉利湾。这个雕像也是2010年冬奥会的LOGO。

By design, there are no freeways through the city. Those who want to head north to Whistler, where the Olympic skiing events will be held, can use the Lions Gate bridge, which spans the first narrows of the Burrard Inlet.
这个城市被设计成没有高速公路哦穿过它。想要去温哥华北面举办奥运会滑雪项目的地方的人可以走穿过Burrard Inlet海峡的狮门大桥。

A statue of runner Harry Jerome stands against the Vancouver skyline.
奔跑者Harry Jerome的雕像映衬在温哥华的天际线之下。

The decade in news photographs

2010-02-07T08:47:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.boston.com/bigpicture/2009/12/the_decade_in_news_photographs.html

The decade in news photographs

新闻图片中的上个十年

December 18, 2009

Call it what you will, "the noughties", "the two-thousands" or something else, the first decade of the 21st century (2000-2009) is now over. Looking back on the past ten years through news photographs, it becomes clear that it was a dramatic, often brutal decade. Natural disasters, terrorist attacks and wars were by far the most dominant theme. Ten years ago, Bill Clinton was ending his final term in office, very few had ever heard of Osama bin Laden, the Taliban ruled Afghanistan and Saddam Hussein still ruled Iraq - all that and much more has changed in the intervening time. It's really an impossible task to sum up ten years in a handful of photographs, but below is my best attempt at a look back at the last decade.

不论你称之为“前十年”，“2000年代”或是别的什么。21世纪的头十年已经过去了。当我们通过新闻照片回眸这过去的十年的时候，它很明显的是一个戏剧性，也经常残忍的十年。自然灾害，恐怖袭击和战争是目前为止最主要的主题。十年前，比尔·克林顿结束了他最后的一个任期的时候，几乎没几个人听说过奥萨马本拉登，塔利班在统治着阿富汗，而萨达姆还在控制着伊拉克，这一切都已经改变了。想要用一些图片把这十年表现出来是不可能的，但是下面是我尽最大努力整理出的过去十年的图片

Iraqi civilians and U.S. soldiers pull down a statue of Saddam Hussein in downtown Baghdad, in this April 9, 2003 file photo. (AP Photo/Jerome Delay, File)

伊拉克人民和美国士兵拉倒萨达姆侯赛因位于巴格达市中心的雕像，2003/04/09

In the 22 April 2000 file photo, six-year-old Elian Gonzalez screams while holding on to Donato Dalrymple, the man who saved him at sea in November of 1999, while federal agents rush to take custody of the boy in his Miami relative's home in the Little Havana district of Miami, FL, 22 April, 2000 in an early morning raid on the house. The US Supreme Court ruled 28 June 2000 that it had rejected an asylum hearing for the boy, clearing the way for his return home to Cuba later 28 June. (AL DIAZ/AFP/Getty Images) #

摄于2000/04/22，六岁的Elian Gonzalez尖叫着抓住在1999年11月在海中救了他的Donato Dalrymple，而联邦特工冲进去在他迈阿密小哈瓦那的亲戚家夺走他的抚养权。美国最高法院在2000年6月28日的避难听证会驳回了男孩的请求，在晚些时候把孩子送回了位于古巴的家。

Air France Concorde flight 4590 takes off with fire trailing from its engine on the left wing from Charles de Gaulle airport in Paris, in this July 25, 2000 file photo. The plane crashed shortly after take-off, killing all the 109 people aboard and four others on the ground. (AP Photo/Toshihiko Sato, File) JAPAN OUT #

摄于2000/07/25，法航协和4590航班在巴黎戴高乐机场起飞时左翼引擎起火。飞机在起飞后不久就坠机了，造成了机上109人与地面上4人死亡。

Broward County canvassing board member Judge Robert Rosenberg looks over a questionable ballot, 25 November 2000, at the Broward County Courthouse in Ft. Lauderdale, Florida. The Broward County canvassing board continues a manual recount of votes to make the 26 November deadline as mandated by the Florida State Supreme Court to accept hand-counted ballots for certification. (RHONA WISE/AFP/Getty Images) #

2000/11/25，佛罗里达州Broward郡选举委员会成员Robert Rosenberg检查一张问题选票。Broward于11月26日佛州最高法院规定的截止日期前进行手工重新计票。

A hijacked commercial plane approaches the World Trade Center shortly before crashing into the landmark skyscraper 11 September 2001 in New York. (SETH MCALLISTER/AFP/Getty Images) #

一架被劫持的民航班机在接近世贸中心并撞到这座标志性的摩天大楼之前。2001年9月11日，纽约。

A person falls from the north tower of New York's World Trade Center in this Sept. 11, 2001 file photo, after terrorists crashed two hijacked airliners into the World Trade Center and brought down the twin 110-story towers. (AP Photo/Richard Drew) #

一个人在2001年9月11日从纽约世贸中心北塔落下，两架恐怖分子劫持的飞机撞倒世贸中心然后使110层的双子塔倒下。

Osama bin Laden is seen at an undisclosed location in this Al-Jazeera television image broadcast in this Oct. 7, 2001 file photo. Bin Laden praised God for the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks and swore America "will never dream of security" until "the infidel's armies leave the land of Muhammad," in a videotaped statement aired after the strike launched Sunday by the U.S. and Britain in Afghanistan. (AP Photo/Al Jazeera, File) #

奥萨马本拉登与未知地点在半岛电视台发表讲话，摄于2001年10月7日。本拉登就911恐怖袭击向真主祈祷，还发誓说美国将“永无宁日”直到“异教徒离开默罕默德土地”，这段视频讲话播出于英美联军进入阿富汗后的周日。

A young Afghan woman shows her face in public for the first time after 5 years of Taliban Sharia law as she waits at a food distribution center in central Kabul November 14, 2001. Under its strict interpretation of Islam, the Taliban ordered all women hidden behind head-to-toe burqas. (REUTERS/Yannis Behrakis) #

一个年轻的阿富汗妇女在5年的塔利班伊斯兰教法的约束之后在喀布尔食物配给中心向大家露出了她的脸，2001年11月14日。为了遵从严格的伊斯兰教法的解释，塔利班要求所有的妇女从头到脚都不能漏出来。

This undated photo received 30 January, 2002, shows Wall Street Journal reporter Daniel Pearl at an undisclosed location with a gun pointed to his head. The kidnappers of Pearl later beheaded the journalist, cutting his body to pieces and burying them outside Karachi. (AFP/Getty Images) #

这张没有标明日期的照片收于2002年1月30日，展示了华尔街日报记者Daniel Pearl 在一个未知地点被一把枪顶着头。Daniel Pearl 后来被斩头，并被分尸然后与卡拉奇郊外焚烧。

Smoke covers the presidential palace compound in Baghdad 21 March 2003 during a massive US-led air raid on the Iraqi capital. Smoke billowed from a number of targeted sites, including one of President Saddam Hussein's palaces, an AFP correspondent said. (RAMZI HAIDAR/AFP/Getty Images) #

2003年3月21日，在一次美国对巴格达的导弹袭击中烟雾围绕着总统府。一个AFP记者说萨达姆侯赛因的住所是几个浓烟飘出的地方之一。

US President George W. Bush meets pilots and crew members of the aircraft carrier USS Abraham Lincoln as they return to the US after being deployed in the Gulf region 01 May 2003. President Bush landed on the aircraft carrier which is scheduled to dock in San Diego 02 May. Bush in a speech to be delivered from the ship is expected to tout Saddam Hussein's ouster as "a crucial advance" in the war on terrorism but warned "difficult work" lies ahead in that campaign and in Iraq. (HECTOR MATA/AFP/Getty Images) #

美国总统乔治·W·布什在2003年5月1日视察从波斯湾归来的林肯号航母，布什总统登上将于5月2日停靠在圣地亚哥的码头的航母。他在船上的演讲中表达了萨达姆侯赛因的被罢黜是对恐怖主义的战争中一次“重要的进步”，但是也警告说“艰难的工作”还在选举和伊战的前方。

An Iraqi prisoner of war comforts his 4-year-old son at a regroupment center for POWs of the 101st Airborne Division near An Najaf, Iraq in this March 31, 2003 file photo. The man was seized in An Najaf with his son and the U.S. military did not want to separate father and son. (AP Photo/Jean-Marc Bouju, File) #

以为伊拉克战俘在纳杰夫美国101空降师的集合中心安抚他四岁的孩子，摄于2003年3月31日，这个战俘在纳杰夫和他的儿子一起被捕而美剧并不希望把孩子与父亲分开。

This is a file image obtained by The Associated Press which shows Pfc. Lynndie England holding a leash attached to a detainee in late 2003 at the Abu Ghraib prison in Baghdad, Iraq. (AP Photo, File) #

这幅展示了英国一等兵 Lynndie在2003年晚些时候于伊拉克巴格达阿布格莱布监狱抓着一个拴着战俘的链条照片被美联社所获得。

This unsourced picture allegedly shows ousted Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein being dragged out of his hiding following his capture by US troops 13 December 2003 in an underground hole at a farm in the village of ad-Dawr, near his hometown of Tikrit in northern Iraq. (AFP/Getty Images) #

这张未知来源的照片展示了前伊拉克领导人萨达姆侯赛因在2003年12月13日从位于他家乡伊拉克北部城市提克里特附近的达瓦尔镇农场的藏身之处被拽出来。

In this Feb. 1, 2003 file photo, debris from the space shuttle Columbia streaks across the sky over Tyler, Texas as it broke apart during reentry with the loss of all seven crew members. (AP Photo/Dr. Scott Lieberman) #

摄于2003年2月1日，哥伦比亚号航天飞机的碎片划过得克萨斯天空，此次重返太空造成了7人的死亡。

A Russian police officer carries a released baby from the school seized by heavily armed masked men and women in the town of Beslan in the province of North Ossetia near Chechnya, September 2, 2004. An armed gang, holding hundreds of people hostage in a Russian school, on Thursday freed four infants and at least two women. By the end of the crisis, over 385 people were killed including 31 hostage takers and 186 children. (REUTERS/Viktor Korotayev) #

一位俄罗斯警察官员抱着一个被释放的婴儿，在2004年9月2日，一群蒙面武装分子冲进了北奥塞梯共和国别斯兰市的一个学校中并劫持了上百名人质。到此次事件结束时共有包括31名劫匪和186名儿童在内的385人丧生。

An Indian woman mourns the death of her relative who was killed in a tsunami on Sunday in Cuddalore, some 180 kilometres (112 miles) south of the southern Indian city of Madras December 28, 2004. (REUTERS/Arko Datta) #

一位印度妇女哀悼她在周日发生在位于南部印度城市马德拉斯往南180千米处地区古德洛尔的海啸中丧生的亲属，摄于2004年12月28日。

Bodies of victims are evacuated after a train exploded near the Atocha train station in Madrid 11 March 2004. At least 131 people were killed and some 400 injured early 11 March 2004 in near-simultaneous explosions on three trains in Madrid at the height of morning commuter traffic, the Spanish interior ministry said. In what appeared to be a deliberate attack staged only 72 hours ahead of Spanish general elections, the blasts went off on a long-distance high-speed carrier and two suburban trains packed with commuters. (CHRISTOPHE SIMON/AFP/Getty Images) #

遇害者的尸体在2004年3月11日被从马德里附近的阿托查火车站运出。至少有131人在此次事件中丧生，还有400人受伤。此次爆炸事件发生在西班牙大选前72小时。

Iraqis chant anti-American slogans as charred bodies hang from a bridge over the Euphrates River in Fallujah, west of Baghdad, in this March 31 2004 file photo. (AP Photo/Khalid Mohammed, File) #

伊拉克反美团体把美国人的尸体悬挂于巴格达西面的Euphrates河桥上，摄于2004年3月31日。

This is called the Hubble Ultra Deep Field. Starting in late 2003, astronomers pointed Hubble at a tiny, relatively empty part of our sky (only a few stars from the Milky Way visible), and created an exposure nearly 12 days long over a four-month period. The result is this amazing image, looking back through time at thousands of galaxies that range from 1 to 13 billion light-years away from Earth. Some 10,000 galaxies were observed in this tiny patch of sky (a tenth the size of the full moon) - each galaxy a home to billions of stars. (NASA/ESA/S. Beckwith - STScI, and The HUDF Team) #

这叫做哈勃超深场。在2003年晚些时候开始，天文学家开始让哈勃望远镜对准天空中一个小空白而且在四个月的时间内做了一个长达12天的曝光。结果就是这张令人惊讶的照片，看到了成千上万距离地球1到130亿光年的星系。有10000个星系可以在这种照片中看到（一个满月的长度）-每一个星系是达十亿以上星星组成的。

Bodies of the victims of the tsunami float in a river in the center of Banda Aceh, Indonesia, in this Jan. 2, 2005, file photo. The total toll of dead and missing from the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami topped 230,000, according to government and aid agency figures. (AP Photo/Peter Dejong) #

印尼班达亚齐海啸中遇难者的尸体，摄于2005/01/02.根据政府和救援部门的统计，共有230000人在此次印度洋海啸中丧生与失踪。

On May 19th, 2005, NASA's Mars Exploration Rover Spirit captured this stunning view as the Sun sank below the rim of Gusev crater on Mars. This Panoramic Camera mosaic was taken around 6:07 in the evening of the rover's 489th martian day, or sol. Spirit was commanded to stay awake briefly after sending that sol's data to the Mars Odyssey orbiter just before sunset. The image is a false color composite, showing the sky similar to what a human would see, but with the colors slightly exaggerated. (NASA/JPL/Texas A&M/Cornell) #

在2005年5月19日，NASA的火星探测器抓到了太阳从Gusev火山口落下的一刻。这张照片的颜色是错误的，展示了与人类看到相似的天空颜色，但其实颜色是被轻微夸大了。

The body of a victim of Hurricane Katrina floats in floodwaters in New Orleans 01 September, 2005. Katrina was the costliest hurricane on record, and took the lives of over 1,800 people. (JAMES NIELSEN/AFP/Getty Images) #

在新奥尔良卡特里娜飓风中丧生者的尸体漂浮在洪水上，摄于2005年9月1日。卡特里娜是有史以来造成损失最大的飓风，并带走了1800人的生命。

U.S. hotel heiress Paris Hilton poses at a photocall on the Carlton Hotel pier during the 58th Cannes Film Festival May 13, 2005. (REUTERS/Eric Gaillard) #

美国交际花帕丽斯希尔顿在卡尔顿酒店前第58届嘎纳电影节时摆pose，摄于2005年5月13日。

Paul Dadge, right, helps injured tube passenger Davinia Turrell away from Edgware Road tube station in London following an explosion, during a series of bombings in London's transport system on July 7th, 2005. Four British Muslim men carried out the suicide attacks, killing 56 people. including themselves. (AP Photo/Jane Mingay) #

Paul Dadge帮助在伦敦地铁爆炸事件中受伤的乘客Davinia Turrell从Edgware离开，在2005年7月7日伦敦的地铁系统发生了一系列爆炸。4个英国籍穆斯林男子进行了自杀性袭击，并杀死了包括他们自己在内的56人。

A photo taken 09 July 2006 shows French midfielder Zinedine Zidane (left) gesturing after head-butting Italian defender Marco Materazzi during the World Cup 2006 final football match between Italy and France at Berlin's Olympic Stadium. (JOHN MACDOUGALL/AFP/Getty Images) #

这张照片抓到了在柏林奥林匹克体育场法国中场球星齐达内在2006年7月9日进行的意大利和法国之间的世界杯决赛的时候头顶马特拉齐的一幕。

YouTube co-founders Chad Hurley, 29, left, and Steven Chen, 27, pose with their laptops at their office loft in San Mateo, Calif., in this March 29, 2006, file photo. (AP Photo/Tony Avelar, File) #

YouTube的联合创始人29岁的Chad Hurley和27岁的Steven Chen在他们加州San Mateo的办公室中展示他们的笔记本，摄于2006年3月29日。

A would-be immigrant crawls past sunbathers after his arrival on a makeshift boat on the Gran Tarajal beach in Spain's Canary Islands May 5, 2006. Some 38 would-be immigrants arrived at the beach on a makeshift boat and some 39 were intercepted on a makeshift boat off Spain's Canary Island of Fuerteventura on their way to reach European soil from Africa. (REUTERS/Juan Medina) #

一个想要成为移民的人在他乘坐蛇头的船抵达西班牙Canary岛Gran Taraja海滩之后爬过一群日光浴的人，摄于2006年5月5日。38名想要成为移民的人到达了海滩，而39人在从匪巢抵达欧洲之前被拦截。

This picture taken 02 November 2007 shows a natural peatland forest next to cleared peatland which are prepared for acacia plantation in Kampar, outside Pekanbaru, Riau. Peatland which is dense, swampy forest that efficiently soaks up greenhouse gases from the world's worst polluters, when healthy. Widespread deforestation has made Indonesia, the nation hosting a major international climate change next month,become the third largest emitter of carbon in the world, the contribution coming most dramatically in the form of near-annual forest fires on islands such as Sumatra and Borneo. (AHMAD ZAMRONI/AFP/Getty Images)#

这张摄于2007年11月2日的图片反映了马来西亚金宝一片自然的泥炭地森林紧挨着被砍光准备做耕地的泥炭地。近年来因为几乎每年一次的火灾，印尼成为了世界上第三大的碳排放国家。

Eighteen floodgates are opened at the Three Gorges dam, 22 July 2007 in Yichang, in central China's Hubei province, to release flood waters approaching the warning level line. (STR/AFP/Getty Images) #

位于中国中部湖北省宜昌市的三峡大坝18个阀门在2007年7月22日为了泄洪同时打开。

Journalist Kenji Nagai of AFP lies injured after police and military officials fired upon and then charged at protesters in Yangon's city centre September 27, 2007. Nagai, 50, was shot by soldiers as they fired to disperse the crowd. Nagai later died. (REUTERS/Adrees Latif) #

AFP的记者 Kenji Nagai在仰光军警驱散人群的时候受伤，摄于2007年9月27日。50岁的Nagai在军人向人群开火的时候中弹，后来不治身亡。

Heavy fog rolls by early in the morning near the Dubai Marina November 21, 2007. (REUTERS/Steve Crisp) #

迪拜海滨城在2007年11月21日早晨的浓雾。

A woman takes her dead son into her arms, as she grieves for her six-year-old son, Dhiya Thamer, who was killed when their family car came under fire by unknown gunmen in Baqouba, capital of Iraq's Diyala province, 60 kilometers (35 miles) northeast of Baghdad, Iraq, in this Sept. 16, 2007 photo. The boy's ten-year old brother, Qusay, was injured in the attack as the family returned from enrolling the children in school, where Dhiya was to begin his first year. (AP Photo/Adem Hadei) #

一位妇女把她死去的6岁的孩子Dhiya Thamer揽入怀中，Dhiya Thamer在在他们家的车在迪亚拉省的首府Baqouba被不知道是谁的持枪男子所扫射时而丧生，摄于2007年9月16日。男孩十岁的哥哥Qusay在返回 Dhiya上一年级的学校的时候也受伤了。

View of the CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) experiment Tracker Outer Barrel (TOB) in the cleaning room. The CMS is one of two general-purpose LHC experiments designed to explore the physics of the Terascale, the energy region where physicists believe they will find answers to the central questions at the heart of 21st-century particle physics. (Maximilien Brice, © CERN) #

CMS（致密 μ介子线圈）实验的外观，科学奖相信通过CMS实验可以解决21实际最主要的物理问题。

This September 10, 2008 NASA handout image received on September 12, 2008 shows a picture of Hurricane Ike downlinked by the crew of the International Space Station, flying 220 statute miles above Earth. The center of the hurricane was near 23.8 degrees north latitude and 85.3 degrees west longitude, moving 300 degrees at 7 nautical miles per hour. The sustained winds were 80 nautical miles per hour with gusts to 100 nautical miles per hour and forecast to intensify. (AFP/Getty Images) #

2008年9月10日，NASA放出了飓风Ike从地球上空220英里国际空间站拍摄的照片。飓风的中心位于西经85.3度卑微23.8度，每小时移动7海里。持久的风以每小时80海里移动而且据预测会达到100海里每小时。

A Kenyan boy screams as he sees kenyan policeman with a baton approach the door of his home in the Kibera slum of Nairobi 17 January 2008. Hundreds of police who had earlier clashed with supporters of Kenya's opposition leader Raila Odinga at the entrance of the slum moved into the shantytown and did a house to house search for protestors. (WALTER ASTRADA/AFP/Getty Images) #

一位肯尼亚男孩在看到警察拿着警棍靠近他家的时候尖叫着，摄于2008年1月17日。数百名警察在挨家挨户的搜寻肯你也反对党领袖Raila Odinga的支持者。

A woman cries as she cannot find her four-year-old daughter and husband on top of the ruins of a destroyed school in earthquake-hit Beichuan county, Sichuan province, May 17, 2008. Nearly 70,000 Chinese lost their lives in the earthquake and resulting landslides and floods. (REUTERS/Jason Lee) #

一位女子因为找不到她四岁的女儿和在丈夫而在倒塌的学校楼顶上痛哭流涕，摄于2008年5月17日四川省北川镇。有将近70000人在这场地震以及地震来来的滑坡和洪水中丢失了性命。

An indigenous woman holds her child while trying to resist the advance of Amazonas state policemen who were expelling the woman and some 200 other members of the Landless Movement from a privately-owned tract of land on the outskirts of Manaus, in the heart of the Brazilian Amazon March 11, 2008. (REUTERS/Luiz Vasconcelos-A Critica/AE) #

一位土著女性当试图抵挡亚马逊州的警察驱逐他们在位于巴西亚马逊州心脏地区Manaus郊区一片私人拥有的森林上参与无家可归活动200人的时候抓着她的孩子。摄于2008年3月11日。

In this July 24, 2008 file photo, Democratic presidential candidate Sen. Barack Obama, waves as he arrives at the Victory Column in Berlin, Germany. (AP Photo/Jae C. Hong, File) #

在这种摄于2008年7月24日的照片中，民主党总统候选人参议员巴拉克奥巴马在抵达德国柏林胜利纪念柱时向人群挥手。

U.S. Democratic presidential candidate Senator Barack Obama bumps fists with his wife Michelle before his speech at his South Dakota and Montana presidential primary election night rally in St. Paul, Minnesota, June 3, 2008. (REUTERS/Eric Miller) #

美国民主党总统候选人参议员巴拉克奥巴马与他的妻子米歇尔在南达科他州和蒙大拿州的总统竞选前对拳，摄于2008年6月3日明尼苏达州圣保罗。

A U.S. Marine, from the 24th Marine Expeditionary Unit, has a close call after Taliban fighters opened fire near Garmser in Helmand Province of Afghanistan May 18, 2008. The Marine was not injured. (REUTERS/Goran Tomasevic) #

一位来自海军第24远征队的的士兵在向阿富汗Helmand省Garmser的地区向塔利班靠近时开火，摄于2008年5月18日，他不能够没有受伤。

Internally Displaced People (IDPs) leave Kibati heading north from the city to their villages, Kibumba and Rugari, north of the provincial capital of Goma, Congo, on November 2, 2008. Several thousand people displaced in the fighting between rebels and government troops in eastern Democratic Republic of Congo began returning home Sunday as a ceasefire held, an AFP correspondent on the scene reported. (YASUYOSHI CHIBA/AFP/Getty Images) #

国内失散人口离开刚果戈马省首府基巴迪回到他们自己的村庄，摄于2008年11月2日。成千上万的人因为刚过民主共和国的内战而流离失所。

Drummers perform during the Opening Ceremony for the 2008 Beijing Summer Olympics at the National Stadium on August 8, 2008 in Beijing. (Adam Pretty/Getty Images) #

在北京国家体育馆内进行的2008北京夏季奥运会进行的开幕表演，摄于2008年8月8日。

Jamaica's Usain Bolt crosses the finish line to win the gold in the men's 200-meter final during the athletics competitions in the National Stadium at the Beijing 2008 Olympics in Beijing, in this Aug. 20, 2008 photo. (AP Photo/Anja Niedringhaus) #

牙买加选手博尔特在北京的国家体育馆赢得男子200米金牌穿过终点的一刻，2008年8月20日。

Protesters hold signs behind Richard Fuld, Chairman and Chief Executive of Lehman Brothers Holdings, as he takes his seat to testify at a House Oversight and Government Reform Committee hearing on the causes and effects of the Lehman Brothers bankruptcy, on Capitol Hill in Washington, October 6, 2008. Fuld told Congress on Monday that U.S. banking regulators knew exactly how Lehman was pricing its distressed assets and about its liquidity in the months before its collapse. (REUTERS/Jonathan Ernst) #

抗议者在雷曼兄弟的主席Richard Fuld身后举着抗议标语，摄于华盛顿国会山2008/10/06。Fuld周一报告给国会他们的不良资产和金融危机前的流动资产状况。

In this Nov. 26, 2008 file photo, a gunman identified by police as Ajmal Qasab walks at the Chatrapathi Sivaji Terminal railway station in Mumbai, India. Qasab was the only surviving terrorist of the ten attackers who carried out a series of attacks in Mumbai on November 2th, killing over 175 and injuring over 300. (AP Photo/Mumbai Mirror, Sebastian D'souza) #

这张照片摄于2008年11月26日，一个持枪男子被警方辨认为Ajmal Qasab ，他走进孟买的火车站。Ajmal Qasab 是十位袭击者中唯一幸存的恐怖分子，那天有超过175人在袭击中丧生，另有300多人受伤。

Muslims attend prayers on the eve of the first day of the Islamic fasting month of Ramadan at a mosque in Surabaya, East Java August 31, 2008. Muslims around the world congregate for special evening prayers called "Tarawih" during the Muslim fasting month of Ramadan. (REUTERS/Sigit Pamungkas) #

在印尼苏腊巴亚的穆斯林在斋月的前一天在清真寺进行祈祷，摄于2008年8月31日。全球的穆斯林把斋月晚上的祈祷叫做 "Tarawih"。

A coroner examines the body of a man killed by gunmen in Medellin September 26, 2009. After a sharp fall in crime over recent years that raised hope of peace in Medellin, Colombia, the poor neighborhoods of the city are once again at war. The murder rate has more than doubled since the 2008 extradition of Medellin crime boss, known as Don Berna, which left a power vacuum in the local drug and extortion rackets. (REUTERS/Albeiro Lopera) #

在麦德林一位验尸官在检查一个被枪手杀死的男子，摄于2009/09/26.在近几年麦德林的犯罪率急剧下跌曾经让人们看到了和平的希望，这座城市的穷困的邻居让这座城市再一次陷入了战争之中。谋杀率比2008年上升了两倍自从麦德林的黑帮老大Don Berna金盆洗手之后。

This photo provided Friday by the French Army shows French soldiers arresting suspected pirates off Somalia, in this Nov.12, 2009 file photo. (AP Photo/French Army/ECPAD) #

这张照片展示了法国士兵逮捕索马里海盗，摄于2009/11/12

An Iranian woman supporting former Prime Minister Mirhossein Mousavi covers her face with his picture during a pre-election gathering at a stadium in Tehran June 9, 2009. (REUTERS/Damir Sagolj) #

一位支持前总理穆萨维的在预选举中妇女用他的画像遮住自己的脸，摄于2009/06/09德黑兰。

10 Fascinating International Facts That Are Wrong

2010-02-05T19:59:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://listverse.com/2010/02/05/10-fascinating-international-facts-that-are-wrong/?utm_source=feedburner&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=Feed:+TheListUniverse+(The+List+Universe)
10 Fascinating International Facts That Are Wrong

十大奇异的国际误解

My first list was accused of being too American-centric. So here are 10 more corrections to misconceptions that non-Listverse people may have but this time you’ll need your passport handy to read it.
我的第一个列表被指责说是太以美国为中心了。于是我找出了另外十个大家可能常有误解的正确解读，但是这次你要有护照在手方能一读。
10
俄国（Russia）
The Error: The former Soviet Union celebrated the October Revolution in October.
Although the Bolsheviks took control over October 25-26, 1917, this was under the Old Style (Julian) calendar. One of the first things the Communists did was to modernize their calendar to the Gregorian Calendar – thereby pushing the day ahead 13 days (into November). This was a major holiday in the Soviet Union, mostly because with the official ban on religion the biggest holidays were civil holidays such as May Day and the October Revolution.
误解：前苏联在十月份庆祝十月革命。
尽管布尔什维克在1917年十月25-26日之间取得了胜利，但这是俄罗斯旧历（儒略历）的十月。而共产主义者们最先做的事之一就是把历法换成了现代的格里历（公历）——因此把革命胜利这天后推了13天（成了11月）。这是苏联的主要节日之一，主要是因为禁止庆祝以前的节日而要庆祝国际劳动节和十月革命日这样的节日。
9
德国&英国（Germany & Britain）
The Error: The British king George I of Hanover used English or German when speaking with his cabinet.
I don’t know that this is so much a misconception as “it’s obvious” that a British monarch would speak English. Those who know history and realize George I was a German prince who spoke no English may then think that “it’s obvious” he and his advisors spoke German. The reality is that since his cabinet did not speak German, the lingua franca in the meetings was French.
错误：英国国王乔治一世
汉诺威选帝侯在同内阁讲话时使用英语或德语。
我不知道这种是否是一种“想当然的”英国元首自然可以说英语的误解。那些学过历史的人会意识到乔治一世是位完全不会说英语的德国王子，然后会认为“明显的”他和他的顾问们说德语。而是事实，由于他的内阁成员不会说德语，当他们会面时他们之间说的混合语是法语。
8
英国&法国（Britain & France）
The Error: The Titanic was the first ship known to use the distress code “SOS”?
Although British ships preferred the traditional distress call “CQD”, most of the other European countries used the International Conference on Wireless Communication at Sea standard set in 1908 of “SOS”. The French ship Niagara is known to have used “SOS” well before the Titanic did. Incidently, in CQD, the CQ was a general call on a telegraph line with the D standing for Distress. In James Cameron’s “Titanic”, he did get it right that the radio operator tried both CQD and SOS after the new distress call was suggested to him.
误解：泰坦尼克号是第一艘使用国际遇险求救电码“SOS”的船？
尽管英国的船只更喜欢使用传统的求救信号“CQD”，但是欧洲大陆的大部分国家使用在1908年在国际海上无线通信标准会议上确定的“SOS”。法国船只尼亚加拉号在泰坦尼克之前就使用了“SOS”。顺便说一句，在“CQD”之中，CQ表示了通常用的无线电线路而D代表了求救。在詹姆斯卡梅隆的电影《泰坦尼克》中，他正确的让无线电操作者发出了CQD和在新的求救信号发出时使用了SOS。
7
黎巴嫩（Lebanon）
The Error: John Kennedy was the first to say “Ask not what your country can do for you, but what you can do for your country.”
Yes, the misconception is American but the backstory is international. American politicians are renowned for plagiarizing their best lines from foreign sources. For example, Abraham Lincoln took the phrase “a government of the people, by the people and for the people” from the preface of John Wycliff’s 1384 edition of the Bible and current Vice-President Joe Biden cribbed a few speeches while in the Senate from Labour Party MP Neil Kinnock. This quote thought by many Americans to be pure Kennedy was actually from Lebanese writer Khalil Gibran in an article advocating his Lebanese brethren to rebel against the occupying Ottoman Turks.
误解：约翰肯尼迪是第一个说出：“不要问你的国家为你做了什么，问问你自己能为国家做什么”的人。
是的，这个误解是美国的，但背景确实国际的。
美国的政客因为在他们的演讲中抄袭外国的名句而出名。举例来说吧，林肯从约翰·威克里夫1384年版本的圣经中抄袭了“一个民有、民治、民享的政府”这段话，而现任的副总统拜登向前英国工党党魁基诺克那里抄袭了一些演讲词。这段被美国人民奉为箴言的肯尼迪的引言其实是黎巴嫩作家
Khalil Gibran在一篇动员号召黎巴嫩人民抗击奥斯曼帝国的文章中写出的。
6
澳大利亚&苏格兰（Australia & Scotland）
The Error: Alexander Fleming invented the antibiotic “penicillin”.
Many will disagree with this since it is more a question of semantics than a misconception. Although Alexander Fleming DISCOVERED that the mold Penicillium notatum has antibacterial properties, he was not a chemist and growing and culturing the mold was difficult for him. Howard Florey with the assistance of Ernst Chain was able to purify the penicillin and put it in a form for use in humans, thereby INVENTING penicillin as a true antibiotic.
误解：亚历山大·弗莱明发明了抗生素“盘尼西林（青霉素）”
很多人不同意这个问题因为错误更多的是基于语义上的。尽管弗莱明发现了霉菌盘尼西林可以抗菌，但是他并不是一位化学家而且培育霉菌对他来说也是一件难事。
Howard Florey在
Ernst Chain的帮助下提纯了盘尼西林并把它转化成人们能使用的形式，这样才真正发明了抗生素盘尼西林。
5
瑞士和英国（Switzerland and Britain）
The Error: Watson and Crick discovered DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid).
Again, people on Listverse will say “everyone knows that” but many people learn the simplified version that James Watson and Francis Crick discovered DNA, probably because they won the Nobel Prize for their discovery of the double-helix structure of DNA. The true discoverer was Friedrich Miescher was analyzing pus cell nuclei in 1868 when he discovered nuclein. He was able to analyze this further and discovered an acid component which he called deoxyribonucleic acid. Scientists Avery, MacLeod, and McCarty were the first to show a link between DNA and heredity in 1943 and Rosalind Franklin did the first X-ray diffraction pattern study of DNA. What Watson & Crick did was to develop a model of DNA that accounted for all of the previous research discoveries.
误解：沃森和克里克发现了DNA（脱氧核糖核酸）。
又一次，人们会说“人尽皆知”但是很多人很多人知道的是简化的版本说詹姆斯·沃森和弗朗西斯·克里克发现了DNA，也许是因为他们因为发现了DNA的双链结构而赢得了诺贝尔奖。其实真实的发现者
Friedrich Miescher
是在1868年分析核蛋白质的时候发现了DNA。他还进一步分析了和这发现这中酸化合物而他把这较为脱氧核糖酸。科学家
Avery, MacLeod和McCarty在1943年第一次解释了DNA之间的链而
Rosalind Frankli第一次对DNA进行了X光扫描研究。沃森和克里克发现的其实是基于前人基础上的DNA双链结构。
4
法国（France）
The Error: Mouton-Rothschild is a top-grade Chateau claret.
The five growths (classes) of red Bordeaux were determined in 1855. Four were considered First Class Lafite-Rothschild, Latour, Margaux, Haut-Brion. Mouton-Rothschild did not like being place in second class so their motto is “Premier ne puis. Second ne daigne. Mouton suis.” (First I cannot be. Second I do not deign to be. I am Mouton.) All I know is I certainly would not turn down a glass of it.
误解：木桶罗斯柴尔德庄
是顶级的红酒庄园。
五大酒庄是在1855年确定的。四个是
Lafite-Rothschild、
Latour、Margaux、Haut-Brion。
Mouton-Rothschild并不喜欢位列二等酒庄因此他们的座右铭是“
Premier ne puis. Second ne daigne. Mouton suis
”（一等吾未进，二等非吾愿，吾乃木桶庄）我所知道的是我十分不想给他降低等级。
3
苏格兰和意大利（Scotland and Italy）
The Error: The fax machine was invented after the telephone.
Scottish inventor Alexander Bain had invented the electric clock back in 1841. In 1843 he used his work on electric clock to patent a device that could be synchronized with a twin over telegraph lines, which according to some stories he did so he could transmit a picture of a new-born calf (if true it would need to be a daguerreotype which seems very unlikely for just a cow). Frederick Bakewell patented a better fax machine in 1848, two years before Bain updated his and in 1861 an Italian Giovanni Caselli invented the first high quality fax. All of this was done before both Alexander Bell and Elisha Gray independently filed for the telephone patent on 14 February 1876.
误解：传真机的发明在电话发明之后。
苏格兰发明家亚历山大·贝恩在1841年发明了电子钟。在1843年他在电子表上的工作能通过两根电信同步时间，而除此之外他也传输了一个新生的小牛的照片。
Frederick Bakewell在1848制造了一个更好的传真机，这是在贝恩更新他的机器的两年之前而1861年意大利人
Giovanni Caselli发明了第一个高质量传真机。所有的这一切都在贝尔和格雷1876年2月14日发明电话之前完成。
2
德国（Germany）
The Error: Albert Einstein was a poor student.
The myth that Einstein was a poor student started when an American researcher mistranslated some of Einstein’s report cards by not taking into account the grading system at the time. While Einstein was in school, students were given grades 1 to 6, 1 being the best. This was reversed (1 was worst) the year after Einstein graduated. Further research has uncovered a letter from Albert’s mother to his aunt complimenting his grades, but I guess the image of Einstein going from failing school to being a top physicist is too good to be changed because of the truth.
误解：爱因斯坦是个差学生。
关于爱因斯坦是个差学生的虚构自一个美国学者误解了爱因斯坦的学习报告时候的评级标准。当爱因斯坦上学的时候，学生们的成绩是从1到6，1分是最高的成绩。这种情况从爱因斯坦毕业的那年开始反转了（1是最差的成绩）。还有研究发掘出了阿尔伯特的妈妈给他阿姨的心中抱怨他的成绩，但是我猜测就算有这封信爱因斯坦从一个差学生到最牛的物理学家的转变也是不太可能发生的。

1
中国（China）
The Error: Pandas eat only bamboo.
The reason that pandas eat so much bamboo is that it doesn’t run away. They are omnivores that have adapted to a primarily bamboo diet but they will eat anything they can catch like small animals and carrion. The problem is that they are so slow from the fact that bamboo doesn’t provide a lot of energy that it is hard to catch anything else – a vicious cycle. There are a couple of great articles by National Geographic about the pandas from the 1980’s
误解：大熊猫只吃竹子。
熊猫吃这么多竹子的原因只在于竹子没腿不会跑。它们是适应了以竹子为主的食谱的杂食动物，但是它们会吃一切它们能逮到的小动物和腐肉。问题是他们因为吃了竹子不能获得足够的能量导致行动缓慢，这更进一步让它们不能抓住其他的食物，这是一个恶性循环。关于这方面，《国际地理杂志》在1980年代有很多伟大的作品来反映。
附加
不是美国（Not the United States）
The Error: The United States is the only country that measures things by feet, gallons, pounds, and degrees Fahrenheit.
To demonstrate how out-of-date the U.S. is from basically everyone else in the world, it is pointed out by scientists and metricians that we still use the archaic English system. It may be true, but we are not the only ones. Liberia uses the same system which is not a surprise considering that the country was started by former American slaves who named their capital after American president James Monroe and it was only recently that Liberia’s president was not a descendent of the original American emigrants. And there is a third country that uses the system – Myanmar (pictured above). As a former British colony, they of course adopted the English system. After gaining their independence, the country changed its name from Burma but not how it measured things.
误解：美国是唯一一个以英尺、加仑、磅和华氏温度作为计量单位的国家。
为了解释美国跟世界上的其他国家相比是多么的过时，科学家指出我们仍在用原始的英制单位系统。这也许是真的，但是我们不是唯一还在用的。利比里亚也在使用相同的制式，鉴于这个国家是为原来美国的黑奴所建立的首都还以美国总统詹姆斯蒙罗维亚命名而且直到最近利比里亚的总统才不是美国移民的后裔，这并不让人感到惊讶。还有第三个国家还在用这种制式——缅甸（上图中的国家）。作为英国的前殖民地，他们理所当然的接受了英国的计量系统。在获得独立之后他们改变了英文名但是并没有改变如何计量东西。

Google Asks Spy Agency for Help With Inquiry Into Cyberattacks

2010-02-05T09:02:00.001-08:00

原文地址：http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/05/science/05google.html

Google Asks Spy Agency for Help With Inquiry Into Cyberattacks

Google 向情报部门请求帮助以抵挡黑客袭击

By JOHN MARKOFF

Published: February 4, 2010

SAN FRANCISCO — Google has turned to the National Security Agency for technical assistance to learn more about the computer network attackers who breached the company’s cybersecurity defenses last year, a person with direct knowledge of the agreement said Thursday.

Google正在去年发生的危及到他们公司网络安全的网络攻击向NSA（美国国家安全局）寻求更多的帮助，一位内部知晓合作消息人士在周四透露。

The collaboration between Google, the world’s largest search engine company, and the federal agency in charge of global electronic surveillance raises both civil liberties issues and new questions about how much Google knew about the electronic thefts it experienced when it stated last month that it might end its business operations in China, where it said the attacks originated. The agreement was first reported on Wednesday evening by The Washington Post.

此次的合作在全球最大的搜索引擎公司Google与负责监控全球电子信息的联邦机构，而这引发了关于公民自由权的担忧和一个新的问题——Google当它上个月在宣布可能因为源自中国的网络袭击而结束在中国的业务的时候关于电子信息被窃具体知道多少。这份协议在周三晚上被华盛顿邮报所第一次披露。

By turning to the N.S.A., which has no statutory authority to investigate domestic criminal acts, instead of the Department of Homeland Security, which does have such authority, Google is clearly seeking to avoid having its search engine, e-mail and other Web services regulated as part of the nation’s “critical infrastructure.”

通过寻求与国家安全局这个没有国内犯罪调查权利的机构合作，而不是与有这种权利的机构国土安全部寻求合作，Google很明确的是要避免使它的搜索引擎、Email和其他网络服务被当作国家的“重要基础结构”而被控制。

The United States government has become increasingly concerned about the computer risks confronting energy and water distribution systems and financial and communications networks. Systems designated as critical infrastructure are increasingly being held to tighter regulatory standards.

美国政府越来越关注计算机在能源与水配给网络和金融与通信网络上面临的危险。作为基础架构的系统在被选定时正在以更加高的标准加以选择。

On Jan. 12, Google announced a “new approach to China,” stating that the attacks were “highly sophisticated” and came from China. At the time, it gave few details about the attacks other than to say that a theft of its intellectual property had occurred and that a primary goal of the attackers had been to gain access to the Gmail accounts of Chinese human rights activists.

在1月12日，Google宣布了：“针对中国的新策略”，指出了黑客攻击是“非常熟练的”而且来自中国。在那时，Google关于网络攻击只给了很少的细节，不同于此，Google直接表明了窃取信息的人主要的目标是获取中国维权人士的Gmail账户。

In reaching out to the N.S.A., which has extensive abilities to monitor global Internet traffic, the company may have been hoping to gain more certainty about the identity of the attackers. A number of computer security consultants who worked with other companies that experienced attacks similar to those of Google have stated that the surveillance system was controlled from a series of compromised server computers based in Taiwan. It is not clear how Google determined that the attacks originated in China.

通过向拥有监管全球网络流量能力的机构NSA抛出橄榄枝，Google公司也许是想要获得更多关于袭击者的信息。一些与其他公司一同工作的电脑安全顾问感觉到这些袭击像同对Google描述的一样，那就是这些袭击的控制电脑全部来自台湾。目前尚不清楚Google如何确定这些攻击源自中国。

A Google spokeswoman said the company was declining to comment on the case beyond what it published last month. An N.S.A. spokeswoman said, “N.S.A. is not able to comment on specific relationships we may or may not have with U.S. companies,” but added, the agency worked with “a broad range of commercial partners” to ensure security of information systems.

一位Google的发言人说他们公司拒绝就上个月公布内容之外的东西进行评论。而NSA的发言人说：“NSA不能对未知的与美国公司的特定合作进行评论。”但又进一步说他们机构会为了保障信息系统安全而和“很多公司”进行合作。

The agency’s responsibility to secure the government’s computer networks almost certainly was another reason Google turned to it, said a former federal computer security specialist.

NSA为了政府电脑网络安全的回应几乎确定了另一个Google与它合作的原因，一位前联邦电脑安全专家说。

“This is the other side of N.S.A. — this is the security service that does defensive measures,” said the specialist, James A. Lewis, a director at the Center for Strategic and International Studies. “It’s not unusual for people to go to N.S.A. and say ‘please take a look at my code.’ ”

“这就是NSA的另一面——提供安全服务的保障手段。” 国际战略研究中心的专家James A.Lewis说到：“这种人们去跟NSA说‘请看一眼我的代码吧’的行为并不常见。”

The agreement will not permit the agency to have access to information belonging to Google users, but it still reopens long-standing questions about the role of the agency.

这份协议并不会允许NSA获取Google用户们的信息，但是仍会重开长久以来对于这个机构定位的疑问。

“Google and N.S.A. are entering into a secret agreement that could impact the privacy of millions of users of Google’s products and services around the world,” said Marc Rotenberg, executive director of the Electronic Privacy Information Center, a Washington-based policy group. On Thursday, the organization filed a lawsuit against the N.S.A., calling for the release of information about the agency’s role as it was set out in National Security Presidential Directive 54/Homeland Security Presidential Directive 23 , a classified 2008 order issued by President George W. Bush dealing with cybersecurity and surveillance.

“Google与NSA的合作会对世界上数以百万计使用Google产品用户的隐私产生重要的影响。”来自华盛顿政治团体电子隐私信息中心的主管Marc Rotenberg说。在周四的时候买这个组织起诉了NSA，说它超出了小布什总统关于2008年关于网络安全与监管而制定的《国家安全保障第54号总统令》和《国土安全保障第23号总统令》所划定的范围。

Concerns about the nation’s cybersecurity have greatly increased in the past two years. On Tuesday, Dennis C. Blair, the director of national intelligence, began his annual threat testimony before Congress by saying that the threat of a crippling attack on telecommunications and other computer networks was growing, as an increasingly sophisticated group of enemies had “severely threatened” the sometimes fragile systems behind the country’s information infrastructure.

在过去的两年关于国家网络安全的关注已经激增。在周二的时候，国家情报局局长Dennis C. Blair在国会发表针对电信的袭击减少而针对电脑的袭击增加的言论之前开始他年度的风险报告，而增长迅猛的敌人已经“严重威胁”了有时落在国家信息架构身后的易碎的电脑系统。

“Malicious cyberactivity is occurring on an unprecedented scale with extraordinary sophistication,” he told the committee.

他告诉委员会说：“恶意的网络行为正在不可预知的范围内伴随着异乎老练的手法出现。”

The relationship that the N.S.A. has struck with Google is known as a cooperative research and development agreement, according to a person briefed on the relationship. These were created as part of the Federal Technology Transfer Act of 1986 and are essentially a written agreement between a private company and a government agency to work together on a specific project. They are intended to help accelerate the commercialization of government-developed technology.

根据一人简述的内容，NSA与Google的关系是合作研究开发协议。这是作为《联邦政府技术转让法》的一部分而做出的，而且本质上是的针对特定项目公司与政府部门之间的一个秘密协定。他们倾向于加速政府开发科技的商业化进程。

In addition to the N.S.A., Google has been working with the F.B.I. on the attack inquiry, but the bureau has so far declined to comment publicly or to share information about the intrusions with Congress.

除了与NSA的合作之外，Google还被FBI（联邦调查局）在网络网络袭击问题上进行了询问么不过FBI到目前为止仍然拒绝向大众评论此事或是向国会分享关于网络入侵的信息

China censors Oscar nominations

2010-02-04T09:45:00.000-08:00

China censors Oscar nominations

中国“和谐”了奥斯卡提名

China has censored this year's nominations for the Academy Awards, blocking out the name of a documentary about the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake

中国队今年学院奖的提名进行了审查，把关于四川地震的纪录片.

By Malcolm Moore in Shanghai
Published: 6:00AM GMT 04 Feb 2010

China's Unnatural Disaster: The Tears of Sichuan Province promotional poster

China's Unnatural Disaster: The Tears of Sichuan Province, was one of five films nominated for best documentary short.

劫后天府泪纵横是5部提名奥斯卡最佳纪录短片的影片之一。

The movie shows the aftermath of the Sichuan earthquake in May 2008, when over 70,000 people died, including 10,000 children, who were killed as their shoddily-built school buildings collapsed around them.

这部电影展示了一幅2008年五月当逾七万人在地震中丧生，而且还有一万名因为豆腐渣校舍坍塌而死亡的孩子的惨烈景象。

The collapse of the school buildings, killing the only child of many families, continues to be a highly-sensitive issue in Sichuan.

这些教学楼的倒塌杀死了很多家庭唯一的孩子，而在四川省这仍然是一个高度敏感的话题。

Grieving families have accused government officials of stealing the construction budget of the schools, creating flimsy deathtraps for the children inside. In Dujiangyan, some parents said the concrete of the middle school had been reinforced with bamboo, rather than steel rods.

悲痛的家庭控诉政府关于擅自挪用学校建筑预算的官员，这些人把孩子们置于危险之中。在都江堰，一些家长说中学教学楼预应力混凝土中的钢筋被换成了竹子。

However, the Chinese government has insisted that there was no wrongdoing leading up to the earthquake.

然而中国政府却仍在坚持说自己对地震中的损失毫无责任。

The documentary follows several groups of parents as their grief turned into protest.

这部纪录片跟随拍摄了几拨化悲痛为抗议的家长，

"It was tofu construction," said one interviewee, while another held up a brick to show how easy it was to brush off the "mortar" on one side.

“这就是豆腐渣工程。”一位受访者说到，而另一位受访者拿起一块砖头展示了要刷掉它边缘的“砂浆”是多么容易。

The 40-minute film shows how the parents are stonewalled and ignored by Communist party officials.

这部四十分钟的影片展示了共产党官员是如何阻碍和忽视这些家长的。

It was blocked from being aired in China, and the words "unnatural disaster" have been censored from the Chinese internet.

这段影片在中国被禁止播放，而且“人祸”这个词也已经在网上成了敏感词。

When the film garnered its Oscar nomination, Chinese media outlets either removed the film from their reports, or omitted the entire category.

当这部影片被奥斯卡提名的时候，中国的媒体在发表提名名单时不是把这部电影移除了，就是直接删除了整个（最佳纪录短片奖）分类。

There is also speculation that the Oscar ceremony itself may not be aired live in China because of the potential embarrassment if the movie wins.

同时也有预测说为了防止这部片子获奖而带来的尴尬，今年的奥斯卡颁奖典仪在中国并不会直播。

Instead, an edited version of the ceremony may be screened.

取而代之的是，被编辑过的版本会被搬上电视屏幕。

The move comes in the midst of an extremely hardline censorship campaign, which has seen internet cut off entirely in the far Western province of Xinjiang and may yet force Google to abandon its Chinese business.

现在已经到了与最严格的审查进行战役的一步，我们已经看到了新疆这个偏远的西部省份互联网被完全切断而Google也可能要放弃在中国的生意。

Xinhua, the official government news agency, reported that 900,000 mobile phones had been blocked in the southern province of Guangdong because they had been used to send text messages which contravened new regulations on obscene and controversial content.

官方的新华社报道说在南部省份广东已经有九十万部手机因为发送淫秽和不和谐的短信而被停止短信功能，

The End of Diplomacy?

2010-02-03T19:54:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2010/02/03/the_end_of_diplomacy?page=0,1

The End of Diplomacy?

美国外交政策的终结？

Once up a time, Americans achieved great things abroad. No longer.

曾经，美国在国外取得了巨大的成就。但，再也不是了。

BY AARON DAVID MILLER | FEBRUARY 3, 2010

Back in the day, there was a time when American diplomacy did big and important things.

曾几何时，美国在外交上做了很多成功和重要的事情。

No more, it seems. The world's gotten complicated; America is a good deal weaker; and the U.S. administration is handicapping itself with a dysfunctional bureaucratic setup that makes it harder to focus and find its footing.

但是看起来那样的日子一去不返了。世界在变得复杂；美国也衰落了许多；而且美国政府正在把自己变成一个无能的官僚机构让它自己难以找到自己的立足点。

Effective American diplomacy may well be going the way of the dodo; and the sad fact is there may be little Barack Obama can do about it.

事实上美国外交可能正在走向不可挽回的灭亡，而令人难过的事实是奥巴马在挽回美国外交上几乎什么都做不了。

Lamenting the absence of great men years before his own shining moment, Winston Churchill wrote that in England, once upon a time, "there were wonderful giants of old." There's always a danger in idealizing what once was or seemed to be in order to make a point about the present. Still, looking back over the last 60 years, you really do have to wonder whether America's best diplomacy and foreign policy are behind it.

在伟人闪光之前是没有伟人的悲伤岁月，丘吉尔一次在英格兰的时候写到，“现在只有老去的巨人了。”通过对于过去的理想化猜想来解决今天的看法是危险的。让我们回眸过去的六十年，你会禁不住猜想美国最好的外交政策是在这之前的。

America never ran the world (an illusion the left, right, and much of the third and fourth worlds believe); but there were moments (1945-1950, the early 1970s, 1988-1991) when the United States marshaled its military, political, and economic power toward impressive ends.

美国从来没有驾驭过全世界（不过左右派和大多数的第三世界国家相信这个假象），但是确实有几个时期（1945-1950，1970年代初，1988-1991）当时美国在军事、政治和经济上的实力是给人们留下了深刻印象的。

There were, or course, disasters and plenty of dysfunction during these years, including Vietnam War and out-of-control CIA operations. But there were also brilliant achievements: the Marshall Plan, NATO, effective Arab-Israeli diplomacy, détente with the Russians, opening to China, a competent American role in the acceleration and management of the end of the Cold War, and the first Gulf War.

这些年有一些事情是或造成了灾难和政府功能的失效，其中包括了越南战争和对CIA控制的失灵。但是美国也有几个明智的功绩：马歇尔计划、北约、有效的阿拉伯—以色列外交、与俄国关系的缓和、对中国的开放、称职的完成了在结束冷战中的职责以及第一次海湾战争。

For most of the last 16 years, however -- under Bill Clinton and George W. Bush -- America has been in a diplomatic dry patch. In the face of terrorism, nuclear proliferation, wars of choice, and nasty regional conflicts, conventional diplomacy has either not been tried or not been very successful. The image of the shuttling secretary of state pre-empting crises or exploiting them to broker agreements, doggedly pursuing Middle East peace, achieving dramatic breakthroughs with spectacular secret diplomacy seems a world away.

然而在过去16年在比尔克林顿和小布什管理下的大多数时候，美国的外交政策陷于停滞。当面对恐怖主义、核武器扩散、战争的选择以及令人厌恶的地区冲突的时候，常规的外交策略已经不能适用或是不成功了。那种国务卿来来回回的预先化解危机或是促进他们达成协议、，不屑的促进中东和平，通过令人吃惊的秘密来戏剧性的获得民主上的突破的景象看起来一去不复返了。

The Obama administration wants to do this kind of stuff. And it has done pretty well in managing the big relationships with Russia and Europe, though it has had its share of problems with China. But frankly, these are the easy ones. It's not from the big that the president's problems come; it's from the small.

奥巴马政府希望能做这种事。而且它在管理与俄国和欧洲的重要关系上做的很不错，尽管仍然同中国还有些问题。但是说实话，这些都是小问题。这并不是来自总统的大问题，这些都是小问题。

In garden spots like Iraq, Pakistan, Afghanistan, Yemen, and Somalia, the problems are four parts military, five parts nation-building, and maybe one part diplomacy. And America is unlikely to prevail in any meaningful sense of the word where corrupt, extractive regimes are unable to control their own territory and cut deals with anti-American elements and place their security and political concerns first.

在热点问题如伊拉克、巴基斯坦、阿富汗、也门和索马里，这些是四个地区的军事问题、五个国家的国家建设问题，以及也许是一个部分的外交问题。美国不大可能去劝说那些腐败丛生、不能有效控制它们自己的恐怖活动或者切断与反美组织把自己的安全和政策放在第一位的国家。

Even in areas where diplomacy might seem to work on paper -- Kashmir, Arab-Israeli peacemaking -- the United States is hampered by conflicts driven by deep ethnic and religious hostility and by internal politics in which its own allies (Israel, Pakistan, and India) can't be of much help. And in one of the cruelest ironies of all, the U.S. president who has gone further to engage Iran than any of his predecessors is watching any hope for diplomacy being ground up by a regime under siege in Tehran.

即使是那些看起来外交政策还不错的地区——克什米尔、阿拉伯-以色列和平进程——美国也被种族宗教和内部同盟之间（以色列、巴基斯坦和印度）驱使的争斗所阻碍。而且最具有讽刺意味的就是当现任美国总统比他的前任们更努力的去解决伊朗的问题却看到任何外交上的希望都被德黑兰的政权所碾碎。

What's more, the power of the small is being matched by the weakening of the big. You don't have to be a declinist (I'm not) to see how far the image of American power has fallen. Forget the economic meltdown, which has much of the world wondering about what kind of great power the United States really is. America's currently fighting two wars where the standard for victory is not whether it can win but when it can leave.

而且小的国家已经开始被与衰落的大国开始相提并论。你不必是个衰落主义者（我就不是）就可以看到美国的势力已经有多么的衰落。忘记经济的衰败吧，那让世界很大程度的猜测美国到底真实水平是什么。美国进行的两场战争胜利标准已经不是是否可以赢，而是多会能撤军了。

Whether it's an inability to get tough sanctions from the international community against Iran, bring Tehran to heel, make North Korea play ball, get the Arabs and the Israelis to cooperate, or push the Pakistanis to hit the Taliban and al Qaeda in a sustained way, the world has gotten used to saying no to America without cost or consequence. And that's very bad for a great power.

对是否能得到国际社会制裁伊朗把德黑兰摔入地狱这样支持的无能为力，让朝鲜遵守国际规则，让阿拉伯世界和以色列合作或者是推动巴基斯坦长期打击塔利班和基地组织，这些事件已经让世界开始不用惧怕和承担任何后果的对美国说不。这对这个超级大国来说真是再糟糕不过了。

Finally, there's the issue of how the country organizes itself. A new bureaucratic flowchart won't replace skill and luck, better marshal American power, or create genuine opportunities for success abroad. But if you don't have the right structure, it makes success all that much harder.

最终，这儿还有这个国家如何管理它自己的问题。一个新的官僚体系运转图不能取代技术和运气，更好的重整美国的力量或者创造真正在国外成功的机会。但是如果你没有一个正确的架构，要成功是难于登天。

And the United States has departed from the one model that has proven successful: the strong foreign-policy president empowering the strong secretary of state who rides herd over subcabinet-level envoys in real time and in close coordination with the president on strategy.

美国已经开始背弃了一个已经被证明是成功的模式：强力的总统授权国务卿的外交政策，而国务卿实时聚集总统顾问级别的使节与他们密切合作来符合总统的政策。

Instead, the Obama administration has created an empire of envoys with power concentrated in the White House but without real purpose or strategy. The nation's top diplomat (the secretary of state) seems to be everywhere and nowhere in terms of owning issues and finding a way to take on some of the nastiest challenges, which is what secretaries of state are supposed to do.

取而代之的是，奥巴马政府实现了对使节的绝对控制但却没有明确的目标和策略。这个国家的最高外交官（国务卿）看起来哪儿都去了，但是没有在任何地方进行谈判和解决一些最危机的问题，而这本应该是国务卿的职责。

It's still early, and maybe the Obama administration will get lucky. Perhaps the Iranian regime will collapse or the Arabs and Israelis will do something good by themselves. But the next several years are more likely to be tough ones for American diplomacy. And the image that comes to mind isn't a terribly kind one: America as a kind of modern-day Gulliver tied up by tiny tribes abroad and hobbled by its inability to organize its own house at home.

现在断言为时尚早，而且奥巴马政府也许会变得幸运。也许伊朗政权会倒台或者阿拉伯世界和以色列会做一些做他们自己有益的事。但接下来的几年对于美国外交政策看起来会有更大的考验。下面这个情形并不是最艰难的一种：美国像现代的格利弗一样被众多国外的小国所羁绊而且因为他自己国内机构的无能而步履蹒跚。

What to make of the latest row between China and America over Taiwan?

2010-02-02T23:45:00.000-08:00

原文：What to make of the latest row between China and America over Taiwan?

译文：对台军售会如何影响中美关系？

Feb 2nd 2010 | WASHINGTON, DC | From The Economist online

IS IT a crisis or just (show) business as usual? With China and America, it can be hard to tell. Almost immediately after the United States said that it intended to sell more than $6 billion-worth of arms to Taiwan, the Chinese went into a spin. They summoned the American ambassador to denounce this interference in China’s “internal affairs” (Taiwan is part of the mainland, says the government in Beijing), threatened to cut off military ties with the United States and said they would impose sanctions on American firms involved in the Taiwan deal.

这很难说此次这中美之间的是一场危机亦或仅仅如以往一样还是一场商业秀。几乎紧跟在美国抛出对台湾的六十亿美元军售计划之后，中国就做出了回应。他们召唤了美国驻华大使来谴责这件干预中国“内政”的事情（北京政府强调台湾是大陆的一部分），并且威胁要中止双方的军事合作，以及要制裁那些出售给台湾军火的公司。

None of this looks good for the world’s most consequential relationship. From global warming to the sickly world economy to stopping nuclear proliferation in North Korea and Iran, co-operation between the established superpower and the rising one is vital to world stability. Why should either want to jeopardise this relationship?

上述的种种情况使得目前世界上最重要的双边关系显得非常糟糕。从全球变暖问题，到解决经济危机，再到防止朝鲜和伊朗的核扩散，两个超级大国的合作对世界稳定是至关重要的。但是为什么它们都想要损害这种关系呢？

That question has produced several theories. One is that China’s spritely economy is making it less afraid of conflict with a tiring America, especially when it thinks that “core” interests such as its claim to sovereignty over Taiwan or Tibet are at stake. The other is that America timed the Taiwan arms sale in part to punish China—for its shabby treatment of Barack Obama during last November’s presidential visit to Beijing, for its foot-dragging at December’s Copenhagen climate summit and for its reluctance to support new United Nations sanctions on Iran. Of course, neither theory excludes the other and bits of both may be true. But a third possibility is that there is in fact less to this “crisis” than meets the eye.

这个问题的原因已经有好几种理论来解释。一种是中国生机勃勃的经济状况让他不惧怕与美国产生冲突，特别当触及到中国的核心问题，比如对台湾和西藏的主权问题受到危机的时候。另一种说法是美国定时向台湾出售军火是针对中国的惩罚的一部分——为了报复十一月欧巴马总统来华访问时的不公正待遇、十二月在哥本哈根拖了美国的后腿以及在联合国制裁伊朗上的勉强态度。当然了，没有一种理论把另一种排除在外而且它们都有部分是正确的。但是第三种可能是这种“危机”没看上去那么严重。

America is obliged under the Taiwan Relations Act of 1979 to provide the island with the arms it needs to defend itself. America and China both knew that the United States would announce the package at some time and that China would vehemently oppose it, as it always does. The package includes some sophisticated weapons, such as Black Hawk helicopters and Harpoon missiles, but it does not include F-16 fighters that the Taiwanese would dearly like. As to the timing, says a senior administration official, “this is one of those issues where the timing is never right.” It certainly would not have been clever to announce the sale immediately before or after last year’s presidential goodwill visit to China.

美国是在承担1979年出台的《台湾关系法》规定的提供台湾军事装备来保卫台湾岛的义务。美国和中国都知道美国一定会在某时提出军售计划而中国会像往常一样激烈反对。军售计划中包括了一些尖端武器，例如黑鹰直升机和鱼叉导弹，但是并没有包括台湾人最渴望得到的F—16战斗机。关于（出售的）时机，一位资深管理官员说：“这是那些永远等不到正确的时候的议题之一。”在去年总统抱有良好意愿的访问前后宣布出售计划确实是不明智的。

If America’s announcement was expected, so was the indignant Chinese response. Denunciation and the cancellation of some military-co-operation meetings is in keeping with previous Chinese reactions. A new element this time was the public threat of Chinese sanctions against American firms involved in the Taiwan deal, but most of these have little or no business in China. One big exception is Boeing, which is huge in China. But for that reason it is unlikely that the Chinese will follow up on this particular threat.

如果美国如预期的宣布军售计划，中国也会愤慨的回应。对美国的谴责和军事合作的取消也如中国先前的反应一样。这次一个新戏码是中国会制裁那些涉及到此次军售的军火公司，但是这些公司大多数与中国仅有少量或完全没有关系，除了波音公司，它在中国有巨大的销售额。但也正如这个原因，中国不会实施这个特别的制裁。

If the Taiwan weapons spat blows over, American officials will hail what they nowadays call the more “mature” relationship they have nurtured with China during Mr Obama’s first year. But many tests lie ahead. Some are mainly symbolic, such as a forthcoming meeting between Mr Obama and Tibet’s spiritual leader, the Dalai Lama, which the Americans postponed last year to prevent it souring the president’s China trip. Others are more concrete, such as China’s reluctance to go along with new sanctions on Iran or to respond to America’s pleas to revalue the yuan. A world-shaking falling-out between China and America is always possible. But the falling-out over the Taiwan arms package is probably not it.

如果对台湾军售的争执能平稳度过，美国官方会称赞他们今天成为更“成熟”的在欧巴马总统第一年任期内培养出与中国的关系。但是还有很多考验摆在眼前。一些是象征性的问题，比如欧巴马总统将与西藏的精神领袖达赖喇嘛会面，此次见面是美国为了防止欧巴马访华变味而推迟到今年的。其他的问题则更加有实质性，比如中国不情愿对伊朗实施制裁和回应对美国要求人民币升值的要求。世界会因为中美关系可能的失和而颤抖，但是两国因为台湾军售而失和则几无可能。

Will TV be 'Lost' without Matthew Fox? Actor says he's leaving the small screen after series ends

2010-02-02T18:40:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.nydailynews.com/entertainment/tv/2010/02/02/2010-02-02_will_tv_be_lost_without_matthew_fox_actor_says_hes_leaving_the_small_screen_afte.html

Will TV be 'Lost' without Matthew Fox? Actor says he's leaving the small screen after series ends

Matthew Fox将在lost结束后离开电视荧幕？

BY NICOLE CARTER
DAILY NEWS STAFF WRITER

Tuesday, February 2nd 2010, 11:25 AM

Segretain/Getty

Matthew Fox in June 2009 at a 'Lost' photo call. The actor says he's leaving TV after the series ends this season.

After "Lost" goes off the air, so will Matthew Fox . . . for good.

"I won't be doing any more television," the 43-year-old actor told UsMagazine.com.

The father of two has been on major TV shows for the last 12 years.

在lost走到尽头的时候， Matthew Fox也会这么做。“我将不会参演任何电视剧集”这位43岁的男演员告诉UsMagazine.com。这个两个孩子的父亲在过去12年主要在参演电视剧。

He spent six years on the drama "Party of Five," playing the older brother, and then joined the cast of "Lost" as Dr. Jack Shepard in 2004.

他有六年的时光花费在剧集Party of Five上出演了长兄，然后于2004年加入了lost饰演Jack SHepard医生。

"I've done . . . about 300 hours of television," he told Usmagazine.com at the season premiere event on Waikiki Beachin Hawaii last weekend. "I'm done with that."
“我已经演了300小时的剧集了，”他在lost第六季在夏威夷Waikiki海滩上举行的的首映中告诉UsMagazine.com“我已经厌倦了。”
The series premiere airs tonight on ABC and fans will finally get some answers to the perplexing situation of the Oceanic flight survivors.

本季今晚在ABC上首映，粉丝们会得到这些大洋航空815航班幸存者的最终命运的答案。

"I'm either going to make movies with filmmakers I want to work with or I'll be doing something else entirely," he said.

“我会轻易参演一些电影或者做点别的什么事。”他说

But first things first: The star said he and his family will be moving back to Oregon after the stint in Hawaii, where "Lost" was filmed.

但有一件事的排在第一位的：这位明星说他会和他的家人在夏威夷拍摄地的工作之后一起回到俄勒冈州。

"Being in Hawaii and working here has been an incredible, fantastic experience. Hawaii and 'Lost' has been a great thing for me," he said.

“来到夏威夷和工作在这里是难以置信的，梦幻的经验，夏威夷和lost对我来说是很重要的事。”他说

White House spokesman says Obama will meet with Dalai Lama

2010-02-02T18:12:00.000-08:00

White House spokesman says Obama will meet with Dalai Lama

白宫发言人说奥巴马会与达赖会面

February 2, 2010 2:32 p.m. EST

The Dalai Lama, Tibet's spiritual leader, attends a special prayer session at the Mahabodhi Temple in India on January 10.

Beijing, China (CNN) -- President Obama intends to meet the Dalai Lama even though China has warned that such a meeting would harm bilateral ties, a White House spokesman said Tuesday.

奥巴马总统将会见达赖喇嘛，不顾之前中国警告说这样的会面会损害双边关系。白宫发言人在周二表示。

"The president told China's leaders during his trip last year that he would meet with the Dalai Lama, and he intends to do so," Bill Burton told reporters covering Obama's planned town hall meeting in New Hampshire later Tuesday.

“总统在去年到中国的访问中就说过他会与达赖喇嘛会面，而他现在就打算这么做。” Bill Burton周二晚些时候在New Hampshire告诉了记者们奥巴马总统的计划。

No date for Obama's meeting with the Tibetan spiritual leader has been announced. The Dalai Lama has speaking engagements scheduled in the United States in late February and in May.

发言人并没有透露奥巴马总统与这位西藏精神领袖的会面日期。达赖喇嘛已经约定在二月底和三月访美。

Earlier Tuesday, China warned that ties between two of the world's superpowers would be strained if Obama met with the Dalai Lama.

周二早些时候，中国警告说如果奥巴马与达赖喇嘛会面，就会损害两个超级大国之间的关系。

"It will seriously undermine the foundation of Sino-U.S. political relations," said Zhu Weiqun, a Communist Party official who is in charge of talks with representatives of the Dalai Lama. "We will take corresponding action to make relevant countries see their mistakes."

“这将会严重的动摇中美政治关系的根基，” 中共负责与达赖代表对话的官员朱维群说：“我们会采取相应的动作让相关国家看到他们做错了。”

Zhu issued his warning during a news conference to discuss the lack of progress made during five days of talks between China and the Dalai Lama's representatives.

朱在一次记者招待会上发表了他的警告，此次招待会是为了讨论中国与达赖代表之间五天毫无进展的对话。

Beijing accuses the Dalai Lama of advocating for Tibetan independence from China.

北京指责达赖喇嘛要谋求西藏独立。

"The two sides had sharply divided views," Zhu said. "We have been accustomed to such clash of viewpoints. It's been the norm rather than the exception."

“双方的观点完全不同，”朱维群说：“我们已经对如此对立的观点习以为常了。”

In explaining Obama's intention to hold the meeting, Burton said the Dalai Lama "is an internationally respected religious and cultural leader, and the president will meet with him in that capacity.

在解释奥巴马与达赖会面的意图时，Burton说达赖是一位广受国际尊重的宗教与反对派领袖，而总统与他会面是总统的权利。

"As the president has expressed, we expect that our relationship with China is mature enough where we can work out issues of mutual concerns -- such as climate, the global economy and nonproliferation -- and discuss frankly and candidly those issues where we disagree," Burton said. "The president is committed to building a positive, comprehensive and cooperative relationship with China."

“正如总统所说的，我们期望我们与中国的关系已经成熟到足以共同解决诸如气候变暖、国际经济和防核武器扩散的问题，而且是要开诚布公的讨论我们意见相左的议题，” Burton说到“总统许诺要与中国建立一个积极的、全面的、合作的关系。”

Tibet is technically autonomous from the central Chinese government, but the Dalai Lama and others have said they favor genuine autonomy and resent the slow erosion of their culture amid an influx of Han Chinese, the most numerous ethnic group in China.

虽然西藏在名义上是自治的，但是达赖和其他人说他们想要真正的自治而且憎恨汉族这一中国人口最多的民族对西藏文化的侵蚀

Zhu said there would be no compromise on China's control of Tibet.

Representatives from the two sides have met eight other times, but have reached no consensus on the issue of autonomy.

朱维群说中国对西藏主权的控制是不会妥协的。双方的代表已经会面了八次，不过并没有就自治的议题达成任何共识。

The Dalai Lama fled China in 1959 after a failed uprising against Chinese rule. He lives in exile in the north Indian hill town of Dharamsala.

Burton said the United States "considers Tibet to be a part of China, and we have human rights concerns about the treatment of Tibetans."

"We urge the government of China to protect the unique cultural and religious traditions of Tibet," he said.

达赖在1959年反抗中国管制失败之后逃离了中国。他住在印度北面的城市达兰萨拉。Burton说美国“认为西藏是中国的一部分，而我们在关注西藏在人权上的遭遇。”

他还说：“我们力促中国政府保全西藏独特的文化与宗教传统。”

Network Attacks on Facebook, Twitter Tripled in 2009

2010-02-01T18:33:00.000-08:00

原文地址：http://www.pcworld.com/businesscenter/article/188278/network_attacks_on_facebook_twitter_tripled_in_2009.html

Network Attacks on Facebook, Twitter Tripled in 2009

针对web2.0社交网站的网络攻击在2009增加了3倍

By Joan Goodchild, CSO

As more organizations allow employees to use social media like Facebook and Twitter at work, cybercrime attacks on these networks have exploded, according to a report released Monday by IT security firm Sophos. Reports of malware and spam rose 70 percent on social networks in the last 12 months, the security survey reveals.

随着越来越多的组织允许员工在工作时使用像Facebook和Twitter这样的社交网站，针对这几个网站的网络犯罪呈爆炸性的增长，根据周一IT安全公司Sophos的报告，在过去的十二个月中，恶意软件和垃圾信息增长了70%。

Sophos' investigation, titled "Social Security," finds 57 percent of users report they have been spammed via social networking sites, and 36 percent reveal they have been sent malware via social networking sites. The "Social Security" survey is part of Sophos' 2010 Security Threat Report, which looks at current and emerging computer security trends.

Sophos题为“社交安全”的调查中揭示了有57%的用户在社交网站上收到过垃圾信息，还有36%的人收到过恶意软件。这份“社交安全”点差是Sophos公司2010的网络安全报告的一部分，这份报告旨在观察现在的和新兴的电脑安全趋势。

"Computer users are spending more time on social networks, sharing sensitive and valuable personal information, and hackers have sniffed out where the money is to be made," said Graham Cluley, senior technology consultant for Sophos. "The dramatic rise in attacks in the last year tells us that social networks and their millions of users have to do more to protect themselves from organized cybercrime, or risk falling prey to identity theft schemes, scams, and malware attacks."

“电脑用户们在社交网络上分享敏感以及有价值的个人信息花费了越来越多的时间，而黑客在寻找哪里能够赚钱，” Sophos的资深技术顾问Graham Cluley说到：“这种令人吃惊的网络攻击增长告诉我们社交网站和它们数以百万计的用户亟需增强防范有组织的网络犯罪活动与他们的个人信息被窃取、诈骗或恶意软件攻击。”

While most of the 500 firms Sophos polled, 72 percent, were worried workers behavior on social networks is putting their business at risk, almost half of them, 49 percent, allow all of their staff unfettered access to Facebook and other social networking sites. (See also:Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn: Security Pros Warm to Web 2.0 Access)

根据对500强的调查，有72%的公司担心员工在社交网络上的行为可能让它们的商业利益受到损害，而几乎有一半的企业（49%）允许他们职员自由的接入Facebook与其他社交网络。

"The grim irony is that just as companies are loosening their attitude to staff activity on social networks, the threat of malware, spam, phishing and identity theft on Facebook is increasing," said Cluley.

“恰恰是对雇员在社交网络上持开放的态度导致了Facebook上恶意软件、垃圾信息和个人信息窃取的增加无情的讽刺了这些公司。” Cluley如是说。

Survey respondents were also asked which social network they believed posed the biggest security risk and 60 percent said Facebook.

对调查对象的问题之中有一个是哪一个网站引起了最大的安全威胁，有60%的人选择了Facebook。

"We shouldn't forget that Facebook is by far the largest social network - and you'll find more bad apples in the biggest orchard," explained Cluley. "The truth is that the security team at Facebook works hard to counter threats on their site - it's just that policing 350 million users can't be an easy job for anyone. But there is no doubt that simple changes could make Facebook users safer. For instance, when Facebook rolled-out its new recommended privacy settings late last year, it was a backwards step, encouraging many users to share their information with everybody on the internet."

“我们不应该忘记Facebook是目前最大的社交网络——而林子大了就会什么鸟都有” Cluley解释道：“事实是Facebook的安全队伍在努力解决他们站点上的安全问题——不过监管3亿5千万用户对谁都非一件易事。但是几个简单的改变会毫无疑问的使Facebook的用户变得安全。例如去年Facebook推荐的新个人设置，而这是一种倒退，因为它鼓励很多用户与互联网上的每个人分享他们自己的信息。”

The report also points out the inherent security problems presented by LinkedIn, which is a social network targeted to working people that allows them to network and job seek, among other things. Although LinkedIn is considered to be by far the least threatening of the networks, Sophos advises that it can still provide a sizeable pool of information for hackers.

报告同样指出了LinkedIn呈现的内在问题：这个社交网络的目标客户是工作的人群以允许他们加入社区和寻找工作。尽管LinkedIn是被认为目前危险最小的网站，但Sophos报告这个网站仍然能提供给黑客们很多的信息。

"Targeted attacks against companies are in the news at the moment, and the more information a criminal can get about your organization's structure, the easier for them to send a poisoned attachment to precisely the person whose computer they want to break into," explained Cluley. "Sites like LinkedIn provide hackers with what is effectively a corporate directory, listing your staff's names and positions. This makes it child's play to reverse-engineer the email addresses of potential victims."

Cluley进一步解释到：“针对公司的网络袭击此时已经出现在新闻中了，而对你公司结构了解的信息越多，黑客想要给他们目标电脑发送有害附件的难度就越小。像LinkedIn这种站点给了黑客有效的组织人员名单，上面列着你们的员工姓名和职位。这使得他们想要反向解析潜在受害者的电子邮件地址就像孩子游戏一般。”