The Most Important Factors of ETP Design | Selection are

1. What national or international standards must you comply with?

2. What is your waste? What volume of effluent do you have? What chemicals does it contain? At what concentrations? e.g. 30m3/hour with COD of 500ppm, and pH of 11.5

3. How much can you afford to spend on constructing an ETP?

4. How much can you afford to spend on running an ETP?

5. How much land do you have available, or can you buy, on which to build the ETP?

6. Contact an ETP expert or designer.

7. What type of plant will best suit your requirements? The answers that you give to the above questions will help you and the designers to decide this.

8. What capacity do you have in you factory to manage the ETP? Do you need to hire more staff or train existing staff?

9. The location of the plant must be meet all natural climatic withstood capacity Ex.cyclone, thunderstorm and heavy wind resist area etc.,

Usually, In First Stage of RO plant 65-70 %; second stage 50-55%; Third Stage 30-35% if you adopt a Forth stage then you can extract another 20-25%, so ultimately we can possible to recovery around 90%. I considered that figure itself all membranes could be new one, further it is possible to reducing its output if you are doing more cleaning cycles are made due to huge fouling.

The afore mentioned % extraction based after primary treatment on pH 6.5-7.0 and

Temperature: 30 Deg C

TDS around 5000ppm,

Total Hardness – 150 ppm

Turbidity- max1 NTU

COD

TSS: Nil

Sulphate

Beware about Biological slim/ organic fouling, which will cause more damage in your membrane, if you fail to control it, the membrane’s permeate quality and quantity will suffered severally and has to be bought new membrane frequently or You have to spent more cost to remove that fouling using by any proprietary chemical.

Suppose If you want to stop your plant prolonged shutdown, dismantle all the membrane from the skid and immersed preservative solution, So, you can possible to prevent biological growth.

Select suitable supplier according to your application, capacity of the tank, regional sales services and check their warranty of the product.

1. VITKOVICE  — Czech Republic

2. GLS Tanks  — Germany

3. Irish Industrial Tanks  — Ireland

4. GATCO — Saudi Arabia

5. Goodwin Tank  — UK

6. Permastore  — UK

7. CST Aquastore  — USA

8. Unitedind  — USA

9. Eastern  — USA

10. Fusion (Permastore) — USA

11. Tank Connection — USA

12. USA Tank  — USA

13. Greatario — USA

14. Shearer Tanks  — USA

Image Credit: CST

GFS is two material are fused together to improve its strength and flexibility of steel combined with the corrosion resistance of glass,which is applied both inner and outer surfaces further it is capable to achieve many years and trouble free operation also., This system has been proven over many decades on thousands of installations

since ever, we are constructing any tank using by either Random Rubble (RR), Reinforced concrete Cement (RCC) basis structure,

But, USA people, who are using GFS Tank more than 80 years,.the capacity of the tanks ranges are 15 to 50,000 M³

Ok, Let we see where it can be adopt this kind tank and advantages and disadvantages of Glass fused to Steel Tank, over RCC/RR missionary Tanks,

Area of the application.

Vegetable Oils/Dry Bulk Solids
Storm / Fire Water
Potable Water
Filter Tanks
Municipal Sludge Storage
Municipal Sludge Treatment
Municipal Mesophylic Digester
Drinking Water
Municipal Backwash Effluent
Municipal Sludge Cake Storage
Underground / Partially Back Filled Rings
Municipal Sludge Storage
Municipal Sludge Treatment
Industrial Effluent and/or Aeration Process
Food Process Washings
Liquid Leachates
Municipal Mesophylic Digester
Thermophylic Digester
Thermophylic Digester
High Temperature Applications and Aggressive / Chemical Industrial Effluent

Advantages of GFS

• Long life (generally mfr commits life around 30 years)
• Low capital cost
• Low maintenance costs
• Rapid installation
• Ease of transport to site
• Flexibility to re-model, extend, dismantle and relocateDisadvantages of the Tank
• Ensure to test Chlorine contact
• Don’t Hit any foreign object suddenly the coating will damagedWho are in the Filed

  List of Glass Fused to Steel Tank Manufacturer —> Continue On Next Post

Except in cases of degasification, aeration requirement is a function of degree of oxygen deficiency in the water and the oxygen-consuming reactions taking place.

Oxidation of iron and manganese requires much less oxygen on a pound-per-1000 gallons basis than biochemical oxidation of organic material (BOD).

In addition, BOD concentrations in both industrial and municipal waste water are generally much higher than the concentration of iron and manganese found in natural waters. Aeration capacity requirements for BOD removal, therefore, far exceed those of any other oxygen-consuming reaction.

The oxidation of both iron and manganese takes place most readily at a pH over 8. Theoretically, 1.0 mg/L O2 oxidizes approximately 7 mg/L of either Fe²⁺ or Mn²⁺. Oxidation of these metals requires increasing oxygen concentration to near saturation.

Oxygen requirements for biochemical oxidation processes (BOD removal) are well established for municipal applications. In cases where no industrial wastes are included with the sewage, aeration capacity is strictly a function of loadings and the type of treatment process to be applied. Some plants provide more or less aeration capacity depending on the extent to which the sludge is being aerated
and the amount of de-nitrification required.

so, thing afore mentioned criteria before going to select exact oxygen transfer equipments for your needs.

France

1. Guinard Centrifugation

Germany

2. Flottweg

3. Hiller

4. Siebtechnik

5. Westfalia

India

6. Pennwalt

Italy

7. Gennaretti

8. Officine Meccaniche Toscane

9. Rapanelli

Japan

10. IHI

11. Kokusan Seiko Co., Ltd

12. Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha

13. Tanabe Willtec Inc

14. Tomo-e

Netherlands

15. Pieralisi

Sweden

16. Alfa laval

17. Noxon

UK

18.Broadbent

USA

19. Bird

20. Centrisys

21. DMI

22. Hutchison Hayes

Alfa Laval, Bird, Flottweg, Guinard, IHI, Pieralisi, Tomo-e and Westfalia are covered 90% of Global market

The given manufactures are making the membrane for Domestic, Industrial and Desalination plant application.

Select your Membrane manufactures below and get their home page,   

1. Dow Fimltec – USA

2. Hydranautics — USA

3. TriSep — USA

4. Koch Membrane – USA

5. GE Membrane (Osmonics) — USA

6. CSM Membrane (Saehan) — South Korea

7. Permionics Membranes – India

8. Toray Industries – Japan

9. Hyflux — Singapore

10. Norit Membrane Now Pentair — Holland 

11. Inge — Germany 

Out of these manufactures others may be in the field, but the afore mentioned producers very  prominently in the field since few years ago.

Last 3 manufactures are doing Ultra Filtration Membrane.

Physico-chemical treatment, Coagulation and flocculation are traditional methods for the treatment of polluted water. In these processes, coagulating agents such as alum or ferric chloride and other additives such as polyelectrolytes are dosed to produce larger aggregates, which can be separated physically.

The electrochemical process is highly dependent on the chemistry of the wastewater,especially its conductivity.this is simple and efficient method for the treatment of water and many kinds of wastewater.

Raw effluent is collected in a beaker and insert two steel electrode.The electrodes were separated using an insulating material to maintain the desired electrode spacing.An DC Power is applied and monitor the current consumption,in few seconds of operation flocs will form form.

The power consumption of Electrochemical process is an vital role and needs to be monitored/ controlled,

To optimize the Electro-Coagulation process the listed peculiar parameters are adjustable, So the system will work efficiently and economically.

Note: The flocs formation time will vary depends upon the following condition.

1. Potential difference between the electrodes, normally 12-24 V DC.

2. Surface area of electrodes to effluent volume ratio (S/V), normally it has 15-22M2/M3 effluent treatment

3.Inter-electrode spacing between electrodes 2-10mm possible. 

4. Lowering the pH to 4 led to the highest mean power consumption. The lowering of the pH. further led to suitable conditions for ionization of wastewater and oxidation of iron to Fe2+ ions hence high power consumption The optimum pH with the lowest power consumption was pH 6

5. Effect of effluent temperature on power consumption:At higher temperatures, molecules gain kinetic energy and collisions between molecules are increased.hence Power consumption decreased with increase in temperatures from 20 to 35 Deg C,

6. Effect of Effluent Dilution:Due to lowest electrical conductivity while diluting the effluent, the power consumption become higher.

Drawback of the Electro-coagulation process:

1. Treated effluent pH will be increased.

2. Steel plate should be cleaned frequently using with acid

3. The Electrode i.e Steel plate is consumable items, which led to produce iron in the treated effluent.

Na₂S₂O₅ (sodium metabisulfite) + H₂O –> 2 NaHSO₃ (sodium bisulfite)

then reduces hypochlorous acid according to:

2NaHSO₃ + 2HOCl –> H₂SO₄ + 2HCl + Na₂SO₄

In theory, 1.34 mg of sodium metabisulfite will remove 1.0 mg of free chlorine. In practice, however, 3.0 mg of sodium metabisulfite is normally used to remove 1.0 mg of chlorine. The SMBS should be of food-grade quality and free of impurities. SMBS should not be cobalt-activated. Solid sodium metabisulfite has a typical shelf life of 4 to 6 months under cool, dry storage conditions. In aqueous solutions, however, sodium bisulfite can oxidize readily when exposed to air. A typical solution life can vary with concentration as follows:

A SBS solution is made by dissolving solid sodium metabisulfite into water and has a pH of 4.6 at 1.0 % (by weight) solution strength. A 10 % (by weight) SBS solution will require the addition of 0.51 pounds of solid sodium metabisulfite into one gallon of water.

The sodium metabisulfite is commercially available at 97.5 to 99 % purity and can be stored safely up to six months in a dry storage area.

Any Sewage Water Work throughout the world will produce sludge, a form of biomass growing in the basins. This biomass has to be evacuated and is, generally speaking, difficult to handle!

When liquid it has a dry matter of 3 to 4 %, or only 30 to 40 kg per ton of sludge. When mechanically dehydrated to 20 – 25 % dry matter, most of it is still water, on average 750 to 800 kg per ton of filter cake.

This remaining water can only be extracted with thermal methods.

The system is very effective and using many more places, Generally 150-200 Micron poly propylene Sheet uses for this application to cover the sludge drying.

This is Semi circled System its look like tunnel shape see picture. fabricated with GI pipe

to enhance your drying process, an axial fan connect in the back side of the dryer or sufficient hood arrangement in center of sheet or more no depend upon the its length.

Humidity sensor may adopt into the system and controller the fan speed

The following factors adversely affects the performance of Drying.

1. Solar (Sun rays) Intensity

2. Humidity of the atmosphere

3. Surrounding Temperature

4. Wind Velocity

4. Sheet property

5. Surface area

6. Product Moisture.

the cost of tunnel dryer  for drying this process around INR : 120-150/Sq.ft

further you can dry under Chilly, Coconut, Cotton Waste, some Food items and vegetables too.,    

Really it helps your drying