Interview Questions & Answers

What is HTML5? What is the difference between HTML and HTML5 ? Explain HTML-5

2013-04-18T17:43:00.000+05:30

HTML5 will be the new standard for HTML.
The previous version of HTML, HTML 4.01, came in 1999. The web has changed a lot since then.
HTML5 is still a work in progress. However, the major browsers support many of the new HTML5 elements and APIs.

HTML5 - New Features

Some of the most interesting new features in HTML5:

The <canvas> element for 2D drawing
The <video> and <audio> elements for media playback
Support for local storage
New content-specific elements, like <article>, <footer>, <header>, <nav>, <section>
New form controls, like calendar, date, time, email, url, search

What is the difference between HTML and XHTML? XHTML and HTML most important differences

2013-04-18T17:24:00.000+05:30

The Most Important Differences from HTML:

Document Structure

XHTML DOCTYPE is mandatory
The XML namespace attribute in <html> is mandatory
<html>, <head>, <title>, and <body> is mandatory

XHTML Elements

XHTML elements must be properly nested
XHTML elements must always be closed
XHTML elements must be in lowercase
XHTML documents must have one root element

XHTML Attributes

Attribute names must be in lower case
Attribute values must be quoted
Attribute minimization is forbidden

Is jQuery a W3C standard?

2011-11-03T16:34:00.002+05:30

What are the functions for IMAP?

2011-06-28T20:21:00.000+05:30

imap_body - Read the message body
imap_check - Check current mailbox
imap_delete - Mark a message for deletion from current mailbox
imap_mail - Send an email message

What Is a Persistent Cookie?

2011-06-28T18:27:00.001+05:30

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser's computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser's memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:
*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

So if md5() generates the most secure hash, why would you ever use the less secure crc32() and sha1()?

2011-06-08T18:24:00.003+05:30

Crypto usage in PHP is simple, but that doesn’t mean it’s free. First off, depending on the data that you’re encrypting, you might have reasons to store a 32-bit value in the database instead of the 160-bit value to save on space. Second, the more secure the crypto is, the longer is the computation time to deliver the hash value. A high volume site might be significantly slowed down, if frequent md5() generation is required.

How to set the browser timeout ?

2011-05-27T07:31:00.002+05:30

The set_time_limit() function enables the setting the timeout for the browser. The following snippet set the time out for 15 minutes / 900 seconds set_time_limit(900); The default time limit is 30 seconds or max_execution_time value available in php.ini file.

Explain about type Juggling with an example in php?

2011-05-26T19:28:00.002+05:30

PHP does not require (or support) explicit type definition in variable declaration; a variable's type is determined by the context in which that variable is used. That is to say, if you assign a string value to variable $var, $var becomes a string. If you then assign an integer value to $var, it becomes an integer.
An example of PHP's automatic type conversion is the addition operator '+'. If any of the operands is a float, then all operands are evaluated as floats, and the result will be a float. Otherwise, the operands will be interpreted as integers, and the result will also be an integer. Note that this does NOT change the types of the operands themselves; the only change is in how the operands are evaluated.
$foo += 2; // $foo is now an integer (2)
$foo = $foo + 1.3; // $foo is now a float (3.3)
$foo = 5 + "10 Little Piggies"; // $foo is integer (15)
$foo = 5 + "10 Small Pigs"; // $foo is integer (15)
If the last two examples above seem odd, see String conversion to numbers.
If you wish to change the type of a variable, see settype().
If you would like to test any of the examples in this section, you can use the var_dump() function.
Note: The behavior of an automatic conversion to array is currently undefined.
Since PHP (for historical reasons) supports indexing into strings via offsets using the same syntax as array indexing, the example above leads to a problem: should $a become an array with its first element being "f", or should "f" become the first character of the string $a? The current versions of PHP interpret the second assignment as a string offset identification, so $a becomes "f", the result of this automatic conversion however should be considered undefined. PHP 4 introduced the new curly bracket syntax to access characters in string, use this syntax instead of the one presented above:

Explain the capabilities of views module in Drupal.

2011-05-25T00:14:00.000+05:30

The Views module provides a flexible method for Drupal site designers to control how lists and tables of content (nodes in Views 1, almost anything in Views 2) are presented. Traditionally, Drupal has hard-coded most of this, particularly in how taxonomy and tracker lists are formatted.
This tool is essentially a smart query builder that, given enough information, can build the proper query, execute it, and display the results. It has four modes, plus a special mode, and provides an impressive amount of functionality from these modes.
Among other things, Views can be used to generate reports, create summaries, and display collections of images and other content.

Explain Taxonomy in drupal

2011-05-14T22:53:00.002+05:30

Drupal has a system for classifying content, which is known as taxonomy and implemented in the core Taxonomy module. You can define your own vocabularies (groups of taxonomy terms), and add terms to each vocabulary. Vocabularies can be flat or hierarchical, can allow single or multiple selection, and can also be "free tagging" (meaning that when creating or editing content, you can add new terms on the fly). Each vocabulary can then be attached to one or more content types, and in this way, nodes on your site can be grouped into categories, tagged, or classified in any way you choose.

Explain the concept of Comment in Drupal

2011-05-14T22:50:00.002+05:30

Comments are another type of content you can have on your site (if you have enabled the core Comment module). Each comment is a typically small piece of content that a user submits, attached to a particular node. For example, each piece of discussion attached to a particular forum topic node is a comment.

How can you include a javascript menu throughout the site in cakephp?

2011-05-12T17:57:00.000+05:30

By adding the javascript files in webroot and call them in default views if needed everywhere or just in the related views.

How can you make urls search engine friendly while using cakephp?

2011-05-12T17:56:00.000+05:30

It is an automatic task that is done by cakephp.

How can we use ajax in cakephp?

2011-05-09T18:39:00.000+05:30

By calling ajax helper and then using it in controller for rendering

Can you remember what is the directory structure when you download cakephp?

2011-05-09T18:37:00.003+05:30

* app/
o config/
o controllers/
o models/
o plugins/
o tmp/
o vendors/
o views/
o webroot/
* cake/
o config/
o docs/
o libs/
* vendors/

Can you list some database related functions in cakephp?

2011-05-09T18:37:00.000+05:30

find, findAll , findAllBy , findBy , findNeighbours , query

What are the different types of index in mysql?

2011-05-07T17:20:00.000+05:30

The different types of index are UNIQUE, INDEX and FULLTEXT

How do you proceed when you have to use cakephp for any application?

2011-05-07T09:19:00.000+05:30

Take the framework either from cake site or if you have changed according to your needs start from there. proceed with basic software engg. concepts as requirement gathering etc

If you have to validate a registration module for a user, what all can be possible ways? which one is the best?

2011-05-07T09:17:00.005+05:30

Can be done on submission in controller, or using javascript/ajax while user is still filling the data. second option is better.

Using cakephp, what all are drawbacks?

2011-05-07T09:17:00.002+05:30

The learning curve, and it loads full application before it starts your task. Its not recommended for small projects because of its resource heavy structure.

What are 3 important parts of MVC (MODEL-VIEW-CONTROLLER)?

2011-05-07T09:16:00.000+05:30

1. The Model represents the application data
2. The View renders a presentation of model data
3. The Controller handles and routes requests made by the client

What is a component, helper and why are they used, is there other way we can do same thing, what is better?

2011-05-07T09:12:00.000+05:30

A component is an independent piece of code written for specific task that can be used by calling in controllers (example : email component), helper is used for helping cakephp in rendering the data to be shown to user with views, these only adds to modularity in code otherwise same coding can be implemented in controllers.

What is features in cake php?

2011-05-07T09:09:00.002+05:30

list some of the features in Cake php
1. Compatible with versions 4 and 5 of PHP
2. MVC architecture
3. Built-in validations
4. Caching
5. scaffolding
Scaffolding is a meta-programming method of building database-backed software applications. It is a technique supported by some model-view-controller frameworks, in which the programmer may write a specification that describes how the application database may be used. The compiler uses this specification to generate code that the application can use to create, read, update and delete database entries, effectively treating the template as a "scaffold" on which to build a more powerful application.

What is habtm?

2011-05-07T09:08:00.002+05:30

Has and belongs to many is a kind of associations that can be defined in models for retrieving associated data across different entities.

What is meant by MVC (MODEL-VIEW-CONTROLLER)?

2011-05-06T22:19:00.002+05:30

model view controller, it is a software architecture, used to isolates business logic from presentation logic. cakephp is based on mvc pattern.