WebDesignerstips

Cartoon Disney Wallpapers

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Wed, 19 Dec 2012 12:21:00 -0800

50 Amazing Cartoon Disney Wallpapers

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
( The above wallpapers! which i have mentioned just for remembrence collection!!!!!!!!....This is a disney wonderful productions....)

Hindu Gods Wallpapers

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Sun, 16 Dec 2012 11:16:00 -0800

Hindu Gods Wallpapers

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Maha Kali

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to download

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ammal

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dhurkai Amman

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kali Devi

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Ammpal

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Dhurkai Amman

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Kali Devi

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Click Here to Download

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Author's

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Fri, 14 Dec 2012 08:23:00 -0800

PHP DEVELOPER

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------


Rasmus Lerdorf, who wrote the original Common Gateway Interface (CGI) component together with Andi Gutmans and Zeev Suraski, who rewrote the parser that formed PHP 3

PHP is an open source general-purpose server-si
de scripting language originally designed for Web development to produce dynamic Web pages. It is one of the first developed server-side scripting languages to be embedded into an HTML source document rather than calling an external file to process data. The code is interpreted by a Web server with a PHP processor module which generates the resulting Web page. It also has evolved to include a command-line interface capability and can be used in standalone graphical applications. PHP can be deployed on most Web servers and also as a standalone shell on almost every operating system and platform, free of charge. A competitor to Microsoft's Active Server Pages (ASP) server-side script engine and similar languages, PHP is installed on more than 20 million Web sites and 1 million Web servers.Software that uses PHP includes Drupal, Joomla, MediaWiki, and WordPress.

PHP was originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1995. The main implementation of PHP is now produced by The PHP Group and serves as the formal reference to the PHP language. PHP is free software released under the PHP License, which is incompatible with the GNU General Public License (GPL) due to restrictions on the usage of the term PHP.

PHP development began in 1994 when the programmer Rasmus Lerdorf initially created a set of Perl scripts he called "Personal Home Page Tools" to maintain his personal homepage. The scripts performed tasks such as displaying his résumé and recording his web-page traffic. Lerdorf initially announced the release of PHP on the comp.infosystems.www.authoring.cgi Usenet discussion group on June 8, 1995.He rewrote these scripts as Common Gateway Interface (CGI) binaries in C, extending them to add the ability to work with Web forms and to communicate with databases and called this implementation "Personal Home Page/Forms Interpreter" or PHP/FI. PHP/FI could be used to build simple, dynamic Web applications. Lerdorf released PHP/FI as "Personal Home Page Tools (PHP Tools) version 1.0" publicly on June 8, 1995, to accelerate bug location and improve the code. This release already had the basic functionality that PHP has today. This included Perl-like variables, form handling, and the ability to embed HTML. The syntax was similar to Perl but was more limited and simpler, although less consistent. A development team began to form and, after months of work and beta testing, officially released PHP/FI 2 in November 1997.

Zeev Suraski and Andi Gutmans rewrote the parser in 1997 and formed the base of PHP 3, changing the language's name to the recursive initialism PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor. Afterward, public testing of PHP 3 began, and the official launch came in June 1998. Suraski and Gutmans then started a new rewrite of PHP's core, producing the Zend Engine in 1999. They also founded Zend Technologies in Ramat Gan, Israel.

On May 22, 2000, PHP 4, powered by the Zend Engine 1.0, was released. As of August 2008 this branch is up to version 4.4.9. PHP 4 is no longer under development nor will any security updates be released.

On July 13, 2004, PHP 5 was released, powered by the new Zend Engine II. PHP 5 included new features such as improved support for object-oriented programming, the PHP Data Objects (PDO) extension (which defines a lightweight and consistent interface for accessing databases), and numerous performance enhancements. In 2008 PHP 5 became the only stable version under development. Late static binding had been missing from PHP and was added in version 5.3.

A new major version has been under development alongside PHP 5 for several years. This version was originally planned to be released as PHP 6 as a result of its significant changes, which included plans for full Unicode support. However, Unicode support took developers much longer to implement than originally thought, and the decision was made in March 2010 to move the project to a branch, with features still under development moved to trunk.

Changes in the new code include the removal of register_globals, magic quotes, and safe mode. The reason for the removals was that register_globals had opened security holes by intentionally allowing runtime data injection, and the use of magic quotes had an unpredictable nature. Instead, to escape characters, magic quotes may be replaced with the addslashes() function, or more appropriately an escape mechanism specific to the database vendor itself like mysql_real_escape_string() for MySQL. Functions that will be removed in future versions and have been deprecated in PHP 5.3 will produce a warning if used.

Many high-profile open-source projects ceased to support PHP 4 in new code as of February 5, 2008, because of the GoPHP5 initiative, provided by a consortium of PHP developers promoting the transition from PHP 4 to PHP 5.

Since version 5.4, PHP has native support for Unicode or multibyte strings, allowing strings as well as class-, method-, and function-names to contain non-ASCII characters.

PHP interpreters are available on both 32-bit and 64-bit operating systems, but on Microsoft Windows the only official distribution is a 32-bit implementation, requiring Windows 32-bit compatibility mode while using Internet Information Services (IIS) on a 64-bit Windows platform. Experimental 64-bit versions of PHP 5.3.0 were briefly available for MS Windows, but have since been removed.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J-QUERY DEVELOPER's

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Corey Frang (Chicago, United States)

Infrastructure Lead
Corey is an active contributor to most of the jQuery teams and is active in jQuery community on IRC, and Stack Overflow. He restructured the effects modules in both UI and Core, maintains the jQuery Color Animations plugin, and puppeteers the new jQuery servers. He hopes that his work will “effect” your websites positively.

Scott González (North Carolina, United States)

jQuery UI Project Lead
Secretary
Scott is a web developer living in Raleigh, NC. As the jQuery UI Project Lead, he puts a lot of effort into maintaining the existing code base to make sure it is small, efficient and consistent. Scott also leads the accessibility team and works with new contributors to help improve the project and the community.

Dan Heberden (Oregon, United States)

Technology Lead
Dave Methvin (United States)

jQuery Core Lead
President
Dave is a long-time contributor to jQuery, providing extensive help on the jQuery bug tracker and in the jQuery discussion forums. As the lead of the jQuery dev team he works to ensure high quality, timely, releases of the library, organizes the planning and development efforts of the team, and generally drives the direction of the library.

Todd Parker (Boston, United States)

Dave Methvin (United States) jQuery Core Lead
President
Dave is a long-time contributor to jQuery, providing extensive help on the jQuery bug tracker and in the jQuery discussion forums. As the lead of the jQuery dev team he works to ensure high quality, timely, releases of the library, organizes the planning and development efforts of the team, and generally drives the direction of the library.

Todd Parker (Boston, United States)

jQuery Mobile Lead
Todd, a principal at Filament Group Inc., is a jQuery board member and project and design lead for the jQuery Mobile team. He is involved with the design of the ThemeRoller application and CSS class frameworks. Todd is co-author of the Peachpit book “Designing With Progressive Enhancement”, contributor to the O’Reilly “jQuery Cookbook” and frequent presenter on the topics of mobile, progressive enhancement, accessibility, and responsive web design.

John Resig (Boston, United States)

John was the original creator of the jQuery library. He works with the jQuery dev team and the jQuery board to help set the direction of the project

Leah Silber (California, United States)

Events Lead
Community and Marketing Committee Chair

Leah is responsible for jQuery fundraising and event management, as well as for online marketing and sponsorship initiatives, like the 14 Days of jQuery. She co-founded Tilde, an open source startup in San Francisco. She previously worked as a consultant for clients in the tech sector, and was employed managing the Community Marketing and Events department at Engine Yard. She runs GoGaRuCo, the annual San Francisco Ruby Conference, and in 2010, started and ran the Ruby Summer of Code program. She is originally from Brooklyn, NY and now lives in San Francisco, CA with her husband.

Adam Sontag (New York, United States)

Director of Developer Relations and Marketing

Adam J. Sontag is a New York City-based developer with Boston’s Bocoup. He’s the Developer Relations lead for jQuery and jQuery UI and co-host of the yayQuery podcast. In other words, he’s dedicated to keeping the jQuery project in sync with the community’s needs and wants.

Rick Waldron (Boston, United States)

Rick Waldron works at Bocoup in Boston, where he is a JavaScript enthusiast and evangelist and jQuery core committer.

Ralph Whitbeck (New York, United States)

Ralph is a Senior Developer at appendTo, LLC where he works with an awesome team of designers and developers delivering Front-end code for clients. Example projects include responsive web, widget development, product development, HTML5/CSS3, and much more. Ralph has been a member of the board since October 2009.

Richard D. Worth (Washington, D.C., United States)

Executive Director

Richard D. Worth is Executive Director of the jQuery Foundation. He lives in the Washington, D.C. area and works for Bocoup, training mobile and web developers in JavaScript, jQuery, and jQuery UI.

Jörn Zaefferer (Cologne, Germany)

Testing Lead
jQuery UI Development Lead

Jörn is a freelance web developer, consultant and trainer, based in Cologne, Germany.

Jörn evolved jQuery’s testsuite into QUnit, a JavaScript unit testing framework, and maintains it. He created and maintains a number of popular plugins.

As a jQuery UI development lead, he focuses on the development of new plugins, widgets and utilities.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------

CSS DEVELOPER

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ------------------

Style sheets have existed in one form or another since the beginnings of SGML in the 1980s. Cascading Style Sheets were developed as a means for creating a consistent approach to providing style information for web documents.As HTML grew, it came to encompass a wider variety of stylistic capabilities to meet the demands of web developers. This evolution gave the designer more control over site appearance, at the cost of more complex HTML. Variations in web browser implementations, such as ViolaWWW and WorldWideWeb, made consistent site appearance difficult, and users had less control over how web content was displayed. Robert Cailliau wanted to separate the structure from the presentation. The ideal way would be to give the user different options and transferring three different kinds of style sheets: one for printing, one for the presentation on the screen and one for the editor feature.

To improve web presentation capabilities, nine different style sheet languages were proposed to the World Wide Web Consortium's (W3C) www-style mailing list. Of the nine proposals, two were chosen as the foundation for what became CSS: Cascading HTML Style Sheets (CHSS) and Stream-based Style Sheet Proposal (SSP). CHSS, a language that has some resemblance to today's CSS, was proposed by Håkon Wium Lie in October 1994. Bert Bos was working on a browser called Argo, which used its own style sheet language called SSP. Lie and Yves Lafon joined Dave Raggett to expand the Arena browser for supporting CSS as a testbed application for the W3C. Lie and Bos worked together to develop the CSS standard (the 'H' was removed from the name because these style sheets could also be applied to other markup languages besides HTML).

Unlike existing style languages like DSSSL and FOSI, CSS allowed a document's style to be influenced by multiple style sheets. One style sheet could inherit or "cascade" from another, permitting a mixture of stylistic preferences controlled equally by the site designer and user.

Lie's proposal was presented at the "Mosaic and the Web" conference (later called WWW2) in Chicago, Illinois in 1994, and again with Bert Bos in 1995. Around this time the W3C was already being established, and took an interest in the development of CSS. It organized a workshop toward that end chaired by Steven Pemberton. This resulted in W3C adding work on CSS to the deliverables of the HTML editorial review board (ERB). Lie and Bos were the primary technical staff on this aspect of the project, with additional members, including Thomas Reardon of Microsoft, participating as well. In August 1996 Netscape Communication Corporation presented an alternative style sheet language called JavaScript Style Sheets (JSSS). The spec was never finished and is deprecated. By the end of 1996, CSS was ready to become official, and the CSS level 1 Recommendation was published in December.

Development of HTML, CSS, and the DOM had all been taking place in one group, the HTML Editorial Review Board (ERB). Early in 1997, the ERB was split into three working groups: HTML Working group, chaired by Dan Connolly of W3C; DOM Working group, chaired by Lauren Wood of SoftQuad; and CSS Working group, chaired by Chris Lilley of W3C.

The CSS Working Group began tackling issues that had not been addressed with CSS level 1, resulting in the creation of CSS level 2 on November 4, 1997. It was published as a W3C Recommendation on May 12, 1998. CSS level 3, which was started in 1998, is still under development as of 2009.

In 2005 the CSS Working Groups decided to enforce the requirements for standards more strictly. This meant that already published standards like CSS 2.1, CSS 3 Selectors and CSS 3 Text were pulled back from Candidate Recommendation to Working Draft level.

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

PHP

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Thu, 13 Dec 2012 10:53:00 -0800

PHP Interview Questions and Answers:-

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What's PHP ?

The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What Is a Session?

A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests.

There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor.

Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is meant by PEAR in php?

PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install "packages"

Answer2:
PEAR is short for "PHP Extension and Application Repository" and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide:
A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users
A system for code distribution and package maintenance
A standard style for code written in PHP
The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC),
The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL),
A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community
PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we know the number of days between two given dates using PHP?

Simple arithmetic:

$date1 = date('Y-m-d');
$date2 = '2006-07-01';
$days = (strtotime() - strtotime()) / (60 * 60 * 24);
echo "Number of days since '2006-07-01': $days";

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we repair a MySQL table?

The syntex for repairing a mysql table is:

REPAIR TABLE tablename
REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK
REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.
If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.
If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between $message and $$message?

$message is a simple variable whereas $$message is a reference variable. Example:
$user = 'bob'

is equivalent to

$holder = 'user';
$$holder = 'bob';

They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable who's name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains "var", $$message is the same as $var.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What Is a Persistent Cookie?

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser's computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser's memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:
*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.
*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.
*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.
*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What does a special set of tags <?= and ?> do in PHP?

The output is displayed directly to the browser.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How do you define a constant?

Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What are the differences between require and include, include_once?

require_once() and include_once() are both the functions to include and evaluate the specified file only once. If the specified file is included previous to the present call occurrence, it will not be done again.

But require() and include() will do it as many times they are asked to do.

The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. The major difference between include() and require() is that in failure include() produces a warning message whereas require() produces a fatal errors.

All three are used to an include file into the current page.
If the file is not present, require(), calls a fatal error, while in include() does not.
The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. It des not call a fatal error if file not exists. require_once() does the same as include_once(), but it calls a fatal error if file not exists.

File will not be included more than once. If we want to include a file once only and further calling of the file will be ignored then we have to use the PHP function include_once(). This will prevent problems with function redefinitions, variable value reassignments, etc.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is meant by urlencode and urldecode?

urlencode() returns the URL encoded version of the given string. URL coding converts special characters into % signs followed by two hex digits. For example: urlencode("10.00%") will return "10%2E00%25". URL encoded strings are safe to be used as part of URLs.
urldecode() returns the URL decoded version of the given string.

string urlencode(str) - Returns the URL encoded version of the input string. String values to be used in URL query string need to be URL encoded. In the URL encoded version:

Alphanumeric characters are maintained as is.
Space characters are converted to "+" characters.
Other non-alphanumeric characters are converted "%" followed by two hex digits representing the converted character.

string urldecode(str) - Returns the original string of the input URL encoded string.

For example:

$discount ="10.00%";
$url = "http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=".urlencode($discount);
echo $url;

you will get "http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=10%2E00%25".

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How To Get the Uploaded File Information in the Receiving Script?

Once the Web server received the uploaded file, it will call the PHP script specified in the form action attribute to process them. This receiving PHP script can get the uploaded file information through the predefined array called $_FILES. Uploaded file information is organized in $_FILES as a two-dimensional array as:
$_FILES[$fieldName]['name'] - The Original file name on the browser system.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['type'] - The file type determined by the browser.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['size'] - The Number of bytes of the file content.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['tmp_name'] - The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.
$_FILES[$fieldName]['error'] - The error code associated with this file upload.

The $fieldName is the name used in the <INPUT TYPE=FILE, NAME=fieldName>.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between mysql_fetch_object and mysql_fetch_array?

MySQL fetch object will collect first single matching record where mysql_fetch_array will collect all matching records from the table in an array

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can I execute a PHP script using command line?

Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, "php myScript.php", assuming "php" is the command to invoke the CLI program.
Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem?

PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s PHP ?

The PHP Hypertext Preprocessor is a programming language that allows web developers to create dynamic content that interacts with databases. PHP is basically used for developing web based software applications.What Is a Session?

A session is a logical object created by the PHP engine to allow you to preserve data across subsequent HTTP requests.There is only one session object available to your PHP scripts at any time. Data saved to the session by a script can be retrieved by the same script or another script when requested from the same visitor.Sessions are commonly used to store temporary data to allow multiple PHP pages to offer a complete functional transaction for the same visitor.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is meant by PEAR in php?

PEAR is the next revolution in PHP. This repository is bringing higher level programming to PHP. PEAR is a framework and distribution system for reusable PHP components. It eases installation by bringing an automated wizard, and packing the strength and experience of PHP users into a nicely organised OOP library. PEAR also provides a command-line interface that can be used to automatically install “packages”

PEAR is short for “PHP Extension and Application Repository” and is pronounced just like the fruit. The purpose of PEAR is to provide:

A structured library of open-sourced code for PHP users

A system for code distribution and package maintenance

A standard style for code written in PHP

The PHP Foundation Classes (PFC),

The PHP Extension Community Library (PECL),

A web site, mailing lists and download mirrors to support the PHP/PEAR community

PEAR is a community-driven project with the PEAR Group as the governing body. The project has been founded by Stig S. Bakken in 1999 and quite a lot of people have joined the project since then.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we know the number of days between two given dates using PHP?

Simple arithmetic:

$date1 = date(‘Y-m-d’);

$date2 = ’2006-07-01′;

$days = (strtotime() – strtotime()) / (60 * 60 * 24);

echo “Number of days since ’2006-07-01′: $days”;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we repair a MySQL table?

The syntex for repairing a mysql table is:

REPAIR TABLE tablename

REPAIR TABLE tablename QUICK

REPAIR TABLE tablename EXTENDED

This command will repair the table specified.

If QUICK is given, MySQL will do a repair of only the index tree.

If EXTENDED is given, it will create index row by row.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between $message and $$message?

$message is a simple variable whereas $$message is a reference variable. Example:

$user = ‘bob’

is equivalent to

$holder = ‘user’;

$$holder = ‘bob’;Anwser 2:

They are both variables. But $message is a variable with a fixed name. $$message is a variable who’s name is stored in $message. For example, if $message contains “var”, $$message is the same as $var.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What Is a Persistent Cookie?

A persistent cookie is a cookie which is stored in a cookie file permanently on the browser’s computer. By default, cookies are created as temporary cookies which stored only in the browser’s memory. When the browser is closed, temporary cookies will be erased. You should decide when to use temporary cookies and when to use persistent cookies based on their differences:

*Temporary cookies can not be used for tracking long-term information.

*Persistent cookies can be used for tracking long-term information.

*Temporary cookies are safer because no programs other than the browser can access them.

*Persistent cookies are less secure because users can open cookie files see the cookie values.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What does a special set of tags <?= and ?> do in PHP?

The output is displayed directly to the browser.How do you define a constant?

Via define() directive, like define (“MYCONSTANT”, 100);

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What are the differences between require and include, include_once?

require_once() and include_once() are both the functions to include and evaluate the specified file only once. If the specified file is included previous to the present call occurrence, it will not be done again.But require() and include() will do it as many times they are asked to do.

The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. The major difference between include() and require() is that in failure include() produces a warning message whereas require() produces a fatal errors.

All three are used to an include file into the current page.

If the file is not present, require(), calls a fatal error, while in include() does not.

The include_once() statement includes and evaluates the specified file during the execution of the script. This is a behavior similar to the include() statement, with the only difference being that if the code from a file has already been included, it will not be included again. It des not call a fatal error if file not exists. require_once() does the same as include_once(), but it calls a fatal error if file not exists.

File will not be included more than once. If we want to include a file once only and further calling of the file will be ignored then we have to use the PHP function include_once(). This will prevent problems with function redefinitions, variable value reassignments, etc.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is meant by urlencode and urldecode?

urlencode() returns the URL encoded version of the given string. URL coding converts special characters into % signs followed by two hex digits. For example: urlencode(“10.00%”) will return “10%2E00%25″. URL encoded strings are safe to be used as part of URLs.

urldecode() returns the URL decoded version of the given string.Anwser 2:

string urlencode(str) – Returns the URL encoded version of the input string. String values to be used in URL query string need to be URL encoded. In the URL encoded version:

Alphanumeric characters are maintained as is.

Space characters are converted to “+” characters.

Other non-alphanumeric characters are converted “%” followed by two hex digits representing the converted character.

string urldecode(str) – Returns the original string of the input URL encoded string.For example:

$discount =”10.00%”;

$url = “http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=”.urlencode($discount);

echo $url;You will get “http://domain.com/submit.php?disc=10%2E00%25″.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How To Get the Uploaded File Information in the Receiving Script?

Once the Web server received the uploaded file, it will call the PHP script specified in the form action attribute to process them. This receiving PHP script can get the uploaded file information through the predefined array called $_FILES. Uploaded file information is organized in $_FILES as a two-dimensional array as:

$_FILES[$fieldName]['name'] – The Original file name on the browser system.

$_FILES[$fieldName]['type'] – The file type determined by the browser.

$_FILES[$fieldName]['size'] – The Number of bytes of the file content.

$_FILES[$fieldName]['tmp_name'] – The temporary filename of the file in which the uploaded file was stored on the server.

$_FILES[$fieldName]['error'] – The error code associated with this file upload.

The $fieldName is the name used in the <INPUT TYPE=FILE, NAME=fieldName>.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between mysql_fetch_object and mysql_fetch_array?

MySQL fetch object will collect first single matching record where mysql_fetch_array will collect all matching records from the table in an array

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can I execute a PHP script using command line?

Just run the PHP CLI (Command Line Interface) program and provide the PHP script file name as the command line argument. For example, “php myScript.php”, assuming “php” is the command to invoke the CLI program.

Be aware that if your PHP script was written for the Web CGI interface, it may not execute properly in command line environment.I am trying to assign a variable the value of 0123, but it keeps coming up with a different number, what’s the problem?

PHP Interpreter treats numbers beginning with 0 as octal. Look at the similar PHP interview questions for more numeric problems.Would I use print “$a dollars” or “{$a} dollars” to print out the amount of dollars in this example?

In this example it wouldn’t matter, since the variable is all by itself, but if you were to print something like “{$a},000,000 mln dollars”, then you definitely need to use the braces.What are the different tables present in MySQL? Which type of table is generated when we are creating a table in the following syntax: create table employee(eno int(2),ename varchar(10))?

Total 5 types of tables we can create

1. MyISAM2. Heap

3. Merge

4. INNO DB

5. ISAM

MyISAM is the default storage engine as of MySQL 3.23. When you fire the above create query MySQL will create a MyISAM table.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How To Create a Table?

If you want to create a table, you can run the CREATE TABLE statement as shown in the following sample script:

<?php

include “mysql_connection.php”;

$sql = “CREATE TABLE Tech_links (“

. ” id INTEGER NOT NULL”

. “, url VARCHAR(80) NOT NULL”

. “, notes VARCHAR(1024)”

. “, counts INTEGER”

. “, time TIMESTAMP DEFAULT sysdate()”

. “)”;

if (mysql_query($sql, $con)) {

print(“Table Tech_links created.\n”);

} else {

print(“Table creation failed.\n”);

}

mysql_close($con);

Remember that mysql_query() returns TRUE/FALSE on CREATE statements. If you run this script, you will get something like this:

Table Tech_links created.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we encrypt the username and password using PHP?

You can encrypt a password with the following Mysql>SET PASSWORD=PASSWORD(“Password”);

You can use the MySQL PASSWORD() function to encrypt username and password. For example,

INSERT into user (password, …) VALUES (PASSWORD($password”)), …);

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How do you pass a variable by value?

Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the functionality of the functions STRSTR() and STRISTR()?

string strstr ( string haystack, string needle ) returns part of haystack string from the first occurrence of needle to the end of haystack. This function is case-sensitive.

stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.When are you supposed to use endif to end the conditional statement?

When the original if was followed by : and then the code block without braces.How can we send mail using JavaScript?

No. There is no way to send emails directly using JavaScript.

But you can use JavaScript to execute a client side email program send the email using the “mailto” code. Here is an example:

function myfunction(form)

{

tdata=document.myform.tbox1.value;

location=”mailto:mailid@domain.com?subject=…”;

return true;

}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the functionality of the function strstr and stristr?

strstr() returns part of a given string from the first occurrence of a given substring to the end of the string. For example: strstr(“user@example.com”,”@”) will return “@example.com”.

stristr() is idential to strstr() except that it is case insensitive.What is the difference between ereg_replace() and eregi_replace()?

eregi_replace() function is identical to ereg_replace() except that it ignores case distinction when matching alphabetic characters.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How do I find out the number of parameters passed into function9. ?

func_num_args() function returns the number of parameters passed in.What is the purpose of the following files having extensions: frm, myd, and myi? What these files contain?

In MySQL, the default table type is MyISAM.

Each MyISAM table is stored on disk in three files. The files have names that begin with the table name and have an extension to indicate the file type.

The ‘.frm’ file stores the table definition.

The data file has a ‘.MYD’ (MYData) extension.

The index file has a ‘.MYI’ (MYIndex) extension,

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

If the variable $a is equal to 5 and variable $b is equal to character a, what’s the value of $$b?

100, it’s a reference to existing variable.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How To Protect Special Characters in Query String?

If you want to include special characters like spaces in the query string, you need to protect them by applying the urlencode() translation function. The script below shows how to use urlencode():

<?php

print(“<html>”);

print(“<p>Please click the links below”

.” to submit comments about TECHPreparation.com:</p>”);

$comment = ‘I want to say: “It\’s a good site! :->”‘;

$comment = urlencode($comment);

print(“<p>”

.”<a href=\”processing_forms.php?name=Guest&comment=$comment\”>”

.”It’s an excellent site!</a></p>”);

$comment = ‘This visitor said: “It\’s an average site! “‘;

$comment = urlencode($comment);

print(“<p>”

.’<a href=”processing_forms.php?’.$comment.’”>’

.”It’s an average site.</a></p>”);

print(“</html>”);

?>

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Are objects passed by value or by reference?

Everything is passed by value.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What are the differences between DROP a table and TRUNCATE a table?

DROP TABLE table_name – This will delete the table and its data.

TRUNCATE TABLE table_name – This will delete the data of the table, but not the table definition.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How do you call a constructor for a parent class?

parent::constructor($value)

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT TYPES OF ERRORS IN PHP?

Here are three basic types of runtime errors in PHP:

1. Notices: These are trivial, non-critical errors that PHP encounters while executing a script – for example, accessing a variable that has not yet been defined. By default, such errors are not displayed to the user at all – although you can change this default behavior.

2. Warnings: These are more serious errors – for example, attempting to include() a file which does not exist. By default, these errors are displayed to the user, but they do not result in script termination.

3. Fatal errors: These are critical errors – for example, instantiating an object of a non-existent class, or calling a non-existent function. These errors cause the immediate termination of the script, and PHP’s default behavior is to display them to the user when they take place.

Internally, these variations are represented by twelve different error types

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What’s the special meaning of __sleep and __wakeup?

__sleep returns the array of all the variables than need to be saved, while __wakeup retrieves them.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we submit a form without a submit button?

If you don’t want to use the Submit button to submit a form, you can use normal hyper links to submit a form. But you need to use some JavaScript code in the URL of the link. For example:

<a href=”javascript: document.myform.submit();”>Submit Me</a> Why doesn’t the following code print the newline properly? <?php $str = ‘Hello, there.\nHow are you?\nThanks for visiting techpreparation’; print $str; ?>

Because inside the single quotes the \n character is not interpreted as newline, just as a sequence of two characters – \ and n.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes?

Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.How can we extract string ‘abc.com ‘ from a string http://info@abc.com using regular expression of php?

We can use the preg_match() function with “/.*@(.*)$/” as

the regular expression pattern. For example:

preg_match(“/.*@(.*)$/”,”http://info@abc.com”,$data);

Ex: Assume we are logging in with username and password.

GET: we are submitting a form to login.php, when we do submit or similar action, values are sent through visible query string (notice ./login.php?username=…&password=… as URL when executi>

When we submit a form, which has the GET method it displays pair of name/value used in the form at the address bar of the browser preceded by url. Post method doesn’t display these values.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between the functions unlink and unset?

unlink() is a function for file system handling. It will simply delete the file in context.

unset() is a function for variable management. It will make a variable undefined.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How come the code works, but doesn’t for two-dimensional array of mine?

Any time you have an array with more than one dimension, complex parsing syntax is required. print “Contents: {$arr[1][2]}” would’ve worked.How can we register the variables into a session?

session_register($session_var);

$_SESSION['var'] = ‘value’;

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What are the different functions in sorting an array?

Sorting functions in PHP:

asort()

arsort()

ksort()krsort()

uksort()

sort()

natsort()

rsort()

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How can we know the count/number of elements of an array?

2 ways:

a) sizeof($array) – This function is an alias of count()

b) count($urarray) – This function returns the number of elements in an array.

Interestingly if you just pass a simple var instead of an array, count() will return 1.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How many ways we can pass the variable through the navigation between the pages?

At least 3 ways:

1. Put the variable into session in the first page, and get it back from session in the next page.

2. Put the variable into cookie in the first page, and get it back from the cookie in the next page.

3. Put the variable into a hidden form field, and get it back from the form in the next page.What is the maximum length of a table name, a database name, or a field name in MySQL?

Database name: 64 characters

Table name: 64 characters

Column name: 64 characters

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

How many ways we can we find the current date using MySQL?

SELECT CURDATE();

SELECT CURRENT_DATE();

SELECT CURTIME();

SELECT CURRENT_TIME();

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Give the syntax of GRANT commands?

The generic syntax for GRANT is as following

GRANT [rights] on [database] TO [username@hostname] IDENTIFIED BY [password]

Now rights can be:

a) ALL privilages

b) Combination of CREATE, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE etc.

We can grant rights on all databse by usingh *.* or some specific database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name.Give the syntax of REVOKE commands?

The generic syntax for revoke is as following

REVOKE [rights] on [database] FROM [username@hostname]

Now rights can be:

a) ALL privileges

b) Combination of CREATE, DROP, SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE and DELETE etc.We can grant rights on all database by using *.* or some specific database by database.* or a specific table by database.table_name.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

What is the difference between CHAR and VARCHAR data types?

CHAR is a fixed length data type. CHAR(n) will take n characters of storage even if you enter less than n characters to that column. For example, “Hello!” will be stored as “Hello! ” in CHAR(10) column.

VARCHAR is a variable length data type. VARCHAR(n) will take only the required storage for the actual number of characters entered to that column. For example, “Hello!” will be stored as “Hello!” in VARCHAR(10) column.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Javascript

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Thu, 13 Dec 2012 09:21:00 -0800

Javascript Interview Questions and Answers

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

In this section, I have selected advanced javascript interview questions and answers for all levels of candidates(entry level, advanced level, expert level). Last few months I have been working to select best question and answer set for javascript interview questions.I have written some javascript tutorials.

What are JavaScript types?
Number, String, Boolean, Function, Object, Null, Undefined.

How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript?
Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal 3F to decimal, use parseInt ("3F", 16);

What does "1"+2+3 evaluate to?
Since 1 is a string, everything is a string, so the result is 123.

How about 3+5+"8"?
Since 3 and 5 are integers, this is number arithmetic, since 8 is a string, it’s concatenation, so 88 is the result.

How do you submit a form using Javascript?
Use document.forms[0].submit();

How do you assign object properties?
obj["age"] = 22 or obj.age = 22.

What’s a way to append a value to an array?
arr[arr.length] = value;

What does isNaN function do?
Return true if the argument is not a number.

What’s relationship between JavaScript and ECMAScript?
ECMAScript is yet another name for JavaScript (other names include LiveScript). The current JavaScript that you see supported in browsers is ECMAScript revision 3.

How to read and write a file using javascript?
I/O operations like reading or writing a file is not possible with client-side javascript.

How do you convert numbers between different bases in JavaScript?
Use the parseInt() function, that takes a string as the first parameter, and the base as a second parameter. So to convert hexadecimal FF to decimal, use parseInt ("FF", 16);

What is negative infinity?
It’s a number in JavaScript, derived by dividing negative number by zero.

How to set a HTML document's background color?
document.bgcolor property can be set to any appropriate color.

What boolean operators does JavaScript support?
&&, and !

How to get the contents of an input box using Javascript?
Use the "value" property.
var myValue = window.document.getElementById("textboxID").value;

How to determine the state of a checkbox using Javascript?
var checkedP = window.document.getElementById("CheckBoxID").checked;

How to set the focus in an element using Javascript?
<script> function setFocus() { if(focusElement != null) { document.forms[0].elements["myelementname"].focus(); } } </script>

How to access an external javascript file that is stored externally and not embedded?
This can be achieved by using the following tag between head tags or between body tags.
<script src="raj.js"></script>How to access an external javascript file that is stored externally and not embedded? where abc.js is the external javscript file to be accessed.

What is the difference between an alert box and a confirmation box?
An alert box displays only one button which is the OK button whereas the Confirm box displays two buttons namely OK and cancel.

What is a prompt box?
A prompt box allows the user to enter input by providing a text box.

Can javascript code be broken in different lines?
Breaking is possible within a string statement by using a backslash \ at the end but not within any other javascript statement.
that is ,
document.write("Hello \ world");
is possible but not document.write \
("hello world");

What looping structures are there in JavaScript?
for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.

How do you create a new object in JavaScript?
var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {};

What is this keyword?
It refers to the current object.

What is the difference between SessionState and ViewState?
ViewState is specific to a page in a session. Session state refers to user specific data that can be accessed across all pages in the web application.

What looping structures are there in JavaScript?
for, while, do-while loops, but no foreach.

To put a "close window" link on a page ?
<a href='javascript:window.close()' class='mainnav'> Close </a>

How to hide javascript code from old browsers that dont run it?
Use the below specified style of comments <script language=javascript>  or Use the <NOSCRIPT>some html code </NOSCRIPT> tags and code the display html statements between these and this will appear on the page if the browser does not support javascript

How to comment javascript code?
Use // for line comments and
/*
*/ for block comments

Name the numeric constants representing max,min values
Number.MAX_VALUE
Number.MIN_VALUE

What does javascript null mean?
The null value is a unique value representing no value or no object.
It implies no object,or null string,no valid boolean value,no number and no array object.

How do you create a new object in JavaScript?
var obj = new Object(); or var obj = {};

How do you assign object properties?
obj["age"] = 23 or obj.age = 23.

What’s a way to append a value to an array?
arr[arr.length] = value;

To set all checkboxes to true using JavaScript?
//select all input tags
function SelectAll() {
var checkboxes = document.getElementsByTagName("input");
for(i=0;i<checkboxes.length;i++) {
if(checkboxes.item(i).attributes["type"].value == "checkbox") {
checkboxes.item(i).checked = true;
}
}
}

What does undefined value mean in javascript?
Undefined value means the variable used in the code doesn't exist or is not assigned any value or the property doesn't exist.

What is the difference between undefined value and null value?
(i)Undefined value cannot be explicitly stated that is there is no keyword called undefined whereas null value has keyword called null
(ii)typeof undefined variable or property returns undefined whereas typeof null value returns object

What is variable typing in javascript?
It is perfectly legal to assign a number to a variable and then assign a string to the same variable as follows
example
i = 10;
i = "string";
This is called variable typing

Does javascript have the concept level scope?
No. JavaScript does not have block level scope, all the variables declared inside a function possess the same level of scope unlike c,c++,java.

What are undefined and undeclared variables?
Undeclared variables are those that are not declared in the program (do not exist at all),trying to read their values gives runtime error.But if undeclared variables are assigned then implicit declaration is done .
Undefined variables are those that are not assigned any value but are declared in the program.Trying to read such variables gives special value called undefined value.

What is === operator ?
==== is strict equality operator ,it returns true only when the two operands are having the same value without any type conversion.

How to disable an HTML object ?
document.getElementById("myObject").disabled = true;

How to create a popup warning box?
alert('Warning: Please enter an integer between 0 and 1000.');

How to create a confirmation box?
confirm("Do you really want to launch the missile?");

How to create an input box?
prompt("What is your temperature?");

How to force a page to go to another page using JavaScript ?
<script language="JavaScript" type="text/javascript" ></script>

What's Math Constants and Functions using JavaScript?
The Math object contains useful constants such as Math.PI, Math.E

Math.abs(value); //absolute value
Math.max(value1, value2); //find the largest
Math.random() //generate a decimal number between 0 and 1
Math.floor(Math.random()*101) //generate a decimal number between 0 and 100

What does the delete operator do?
The delete operator is used to delete all the variables and objects used in the program ,but it does not delete variables declared with var keyword.

How to get value from a textbox?
alert(document.getElementById('txtbox1').value);

How to get value from dropdown (select) control?
alert(document.getElementById('dropdown1').value);

----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Jobs at Coimbatore

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Wed, 12 Dec 2012 10:33:00 -0800

Jobs at Coimbatore:-

BPO

spanco

Coimbatore

Website:www.spancobpo.com

E-mail:recruitment.cbe@spancobpo.com

Jobs Requirements (if available then apply):

We are a domestic call center having association with a telecom giant currently looking out for candidates for our call center - inbound Voice process Candidate profile & Job Description: Qualification : 12th Pass/Diploma holders/Under graduates/Graduates. Age : 18-30 Sex : Male / Female
Languages: Good Communication skills in English mandatory and fluency in Tamil or Malayalam. Other Skills: Basic working knowledge of computers. Minimum typing speed of 10-15 Words per minute. Shifts: Flexible with shifts, for women the shift timings will be only till 8 p.m. Homemakers/Housewives are most welcome. Experience: 0 months to 1 year Work Place: Coimbatore
Details for Applying
Spanco BPO Services
No.C4, Rathinam Tech Park, Eachanari, Pollachi Road, Coimbatore 641021
Email : recruitment.cbe@spancobpo.com

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

OSDI private limited

Coimbatore

Website:www.spancobpo.com

E-mail:recruitment.cbe@spancobpo.com

Job Description
We are a well established IT & IT Enabled Services company that is looking for experienced ePub and Data Conversion Operators for our office in Coimbatore. If publishing is your passion, apply immediately!

The following are the expectation from candidates applying for the position of Data Conversion / ePub Operators.

Must Have Skills

- Minimum 6 months experience in ePublishing & Data Conversion
- Good exposure in XML, HTML, XHTML
- Experience in ePUB, Mobi & Fixed Layouts
- Experience with Epsilon and other Text Editors
- Acrobat, Photoshop, MathType
- TeX, LaTeX and MathML
- Fluency in the English Language
- Good Analytical Skills

Other Skills

- Knowledge in limitations of various eBook devices
- Problem Identification and Trouble-Shooting
- Quick Grasping Ability
- Proofreading and style checking a plus
- Knowledge in PDF Compare a plus
- Flexible to work in shifts

Positions in Coimbatore. Salary not a constraint for the right candidate.

Salary will be on par with the best in the industry.

We are an equal opportunities employer. Application are welcomed from male and female candidates.

Jobs Requirements (if available then apply):

Must Have Skills

- Minimum 1 year Experience in ePublishing & Data Conversion

- Good exposure in XML, HTML, XHTML

- Experience in ePUB, Mobi & Fixed Layouts

- Experience with Epsilon and other Text Editors

- Acrobat, Photoshop, MathType

- TeX, LaTeX and MathML

- Fluency in the English Language

- Good Analytical Skills

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

IT-technology

VectraForm
Coimbatore
Website: www.vectraform.net
E-Mail: jobs@vectraform.net

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

Computer Aided Design (CAD), Computer Aided Manufacturing (CAM), Computer Aided Engineering (CAE), Computer Aided Inspection (CAI), Computer Aided Reverse Engineering (CARE), Computer Aided Rapid Prototyping (CARP), Computer Aided Rapid Manufacturing (CARM), Computer Aided Rapid Tooling (CART).

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

VInCom Technologies India Pvt Ltd
Coimbatore
Website: www.vincom.com
E-Mail: support@vincom.com

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

ASP.Net Professionals, Web designers, Project Co-ordinators, Marketing Executies.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

WebTeK
Coimbatore
Website: www.webteksolutions.co.uk
e-Mail: jobs@webteksolutions.co.uk

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

Software development, data and services, custom web application

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Wings Infonet Ltd
Coimbatore
Website: www.wings2000.com
e-Mail: coimbatore@WingsInfo.net

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

Software development, e-Accounting, e-payroll systems, e-Trade.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

X_Designe Ventures Pvt Ltd
Coimbatore
Website: www.xdesignventures.com
e-Mail: info@xdesignventures.com

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

Web page Under Construction

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

365 MEDIA
Coimbatore
Website: www.365media.com
e-Mail: hrindia@365media.com

Job Requirements (if available then apply):

Web based development(Exp 2+), solid database(Exp 2+), Excellent knowledge of ASP, ASP.Net and C#, Strong knowledge of Microsoft SQL Server 2000/2005 and T-SQL, database design skills, AJAX / ATLAS, problem solving skills, Bsc or related degree with strong technical background.

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

J-query

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Wed, 12 Dec 2012 09:51:00 -0800

J-query interview questions and answer:-

posted by selvamface

What is Jquery?

jQuery is a JavaScript Library.

Which of the following is correct?

jQuery is a JavaScript Library
jQuery is a JSON Library

Answer :jQuery is a JavaScript Library

jQuery uses CSS selectors and XPath expressions to select elements?

False
True

Answer: True

Which sign does jQuery use as a shortcut for jQuery?

$ sign
% sign
? Sign

Answer: $ sign

Is jQuery a W3C standard?

Yes
No

Answer: NO

$("span"). What does it select?

All span elements
The first span element

Answer: All span elements

Is jQuery a library for client scripting or server scripting?

Client scripting
Server scripting

Answer: Client scripting

Is it possible to use jQuery together with AJAX?

Yes
No

Answer: Yes

The jQuery html() method works for both HTML and XML documents

True
False

Answer :False

jQuery code to set the background color of all span elements to blue?

$("span").style("background-color","blue");
$("span").manipulate("background-color","blue");
$("span").css("background-color","blue");
$("span").layout("background-color","blue");

Answer: $("span").css("background-color","blue");

$("span.intro"). What does it select?

The first span element with class="intro"
The first span element with id="intro"
All span elements with id="intro"
All span elements with class="intro"

Answer: All span elements with class="intro"

jQuery method to hide selected elements?

visible(false)
hidden()
display(none)
hide()

Answer: hide()

jQuery method to set one or more style properties for selected elements?

style()
css()
html()

Answer: css()

jQuery method is used to perform an asynchronous HTTP request?

jQuery.ajaxAsync()
jQuery.ajaxSetup()
jQuery.ajax()

Answer: jQuery.ajax()

What scripting language is jQuery written in?

VBScript
C++
JavaScript
C#

Answer: JavaScript

$("div#id1 .cl1"). What does it select?

The first element with id="cl1" inside any div element with class="id1"
All elements with class="cl1" inside the first div element with id="id1"
All div elements with id="id1" or class="cl1"

Answer: All elements with class="cl1" inside the first div element with id="id1"

Difference between onload() and document.ready() function used in jQuery?

We can add more than one document.ready() function in a page.
we can have only one onload function.
Document.ready() function is called as soon as DOM is loaded.
body.onload() function is called when everything (DOM, images..)gets loaded on the page.

JQuery Methods used to provide effects?

1. Show()
2. Hide()
3. Toggle()
4. FadeIn()
5. FadeOut()

What are the different type of selectors in Jquery?

1. CSS Selector
2. XPath Selector
3. Custom Selector

What does .size() method of jquery return ?

.size() method of jquery returns number of element in the object.

How do you get the text value?

$("#textbox1").val();

How do you check or uncheck a checkbox input or radio button?

1.$('#num1').attr('checked', true);// Check #num1

2.$('#num1').attr('checked', false);// Uncheck #num1

3.$("#num1").attr('checked', 'checked');// Check #num1

4.$("#num1").removeAttr('checked');// Uncheck #num1

Ajax Request in Jquery

$.ajax({
url: 'test.php',
success: function(response) {
alert(response);
},
error: function(res) {
alert(res.status);
}
});

Explain the each() function.

$("#num").click(function(){
$("li").each(function(){
document.write($(this).text())
});
});

18 free social media icons

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Tue, 13 Nov 2012 04:56:00 -0800

18Killer Free Social Media Icon Sets

Posted by Selvaraj.M

Fri, Sep 10, 2012 @ 09:30 AM

Social media is an incredibly effective tool for sharing content, boosting popularity, improving search engine optimization, and getting found on the internet. Using actionable icons that integrate with the theme of your site, content, and online activities instead of bland generic ones will help encourage readers to share your content. Finding the perfect icon set can take time, so we have decided to do some of the leg work for you.
Here is a collection of 50 free social media icon sets you can use to enhance your website. We have gathered these across the web. While some of these have different licenses, they have been created for use in a wide variety of materials. Click on the link for the set that you are interested in and it should take you to the page on the designer's site where you can find out more information or download the set.

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

Download Source:

css e-book

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Sun, 21 Oct 2012 10:03:00 -0700

Css

CSS style properties are the basis of Cascading Style Sheets (CSS), and these CSS style property references will help you understand both the common and uncommon CSS styles and properties. There are hundreds of CSS style properties, and if you learn a lot of them, you’ll be more effective in building your CSS style sheets.

CSS3 Style Properties

An alphabetical list of the CSS3 properties.

CSS Cursors

Using the CSS cursor property you can change the cursor that displays on your Web pages. This can result in some interesting effects if you do it well. Learn how to change your cursors using CSS.

CSS Cursors Gallery

A gallery of different cursor styles generated by the CSS cursor style property.

CSS Line Spacing

CSS line spacing is affected by the css style property line-height. CSS line spacing is also known as leading in the print world. Learn how to use the CSS style property line-height to affect your line spacing on your Web pages.

CSS List-Style

The CSS list-style property is a style property to help you manage your lists. You can define the type of list, where you want the bullets or numbers, and even what image to use as a bullet. The CSS list-style property is a shorthand CSS property that combines the CSS properties: list-style-type, list-style-position, and list-style-image.

CSS Margin

CSS margins are an important tool for Web designers to understand. They provide control over the box elements by adding or removing space between the margins.

CSS Padding

CSS padding adds space around the edges of the inside of your HTML boxes. Learn how CSS padding works, how you can affect the CSS padding, and how CSS padding interacts with the CSS box model.

To download the Css E-book Click Here

css interview questions and answers part1

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Sat, 6 Oct 2012 05:17:00 -0700

Css Interview Questions and Answers

Post by : M.Selva

What is CSS?

1. CSS stands for Cascading Style Sheets and is a simple styling language which allows attaching style to HTML elements. Every element type as well as every occurrence of a specific element within that type can be declared an unique style, e.g. margins, positioning, color or size.

2. CSS is a web standard that describes style for XML/HTML documents.

3. CSS is a language that adds style (colors, images, borders, margins…) to your site. It’s really that simple. CSS is not used to put any content on your site, it’s just there to take the content you have and make it pretty. First thing you do is link a CSS-file to your HTML document. Do this by adding this line:

<link rel="stylesheet" href="style.css"
type="text/css">

The line should be placed in between your <head> and </head> tags. If you have several pages you could add the exact same line to all of them and they will all use the same stylesheet, but more about that later. Let’s look inside the file “style.css” we just linked to.

h1 {
font-size: 40px;
height: 200px;}
.warning {
color: Red;
font-weight: bold;}
#footer {
background-color: Gray;}

4. Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a simple mechanism for adding style (e.g. fonts, colors, spacing) to Web documents. This is also where information meets the artistic abilities of a web-designer. CSS helps you spice up your web-page and make it look neat in wide variety of aspects.

What are Cascading Style Sheets?

A Cascading Style Sheet (CSS) is a list of statements (also known as rules) that can assign various rendering properties to HTML elements. Style rules can be specified for a single element occurrence, multiple elements, an entire document, or even multiple documents at once. It is possible to specify many different rules for an element in different locations using different methods. All these rules are collected and merged (known as a "cascading" of styles) when the document is rendered to form a single style rule for each element.

How do I center block-elements with CSS1?

There are two ways of centering block level elements:

1. By setting the properties margin-left and margin-right to auto and width to some explicit value:

BODY {width: 30em; background: cyan;}
P {width: 22em; margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto}

In this case, the left and right margins will each be four ems wide, since they equally split up the eight ems left over from (30em - 22em). Note that it was not necessary to set an explicit width for the BODY element; it was done here to keep the math clean.

Another example:

TABLE {margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto; width: 400px;}
In most legacy browsers, a table's width is by default determined by its content. In CSS-conformant browsers, the complete width of any element (including tables) defaults to the full width of its parent element's content area. As browser become more conformant, authors will need to be aware of the potential impact on their designs.

If background and color should always be set together, why do they exist as separate properties?

There are several reasons for this. First, style sheets become more legible -- both for humans and machines. The background property is already the most complex property in CSS1 and combining it with color would make it even more complex. Second, color inherits, but background doesn't and this would be a source of confusion.

What is class?

Class is a group of 1) instances of the same element to which an unique style can be attached or 2) instances of different elements to which the same style can be attached.

1) The rule P {color: red} will display red text in all paragraphs. By classifying the selector P different style can be attached to each class allowing the display of some paragraphs in one style and some other paragraphs in another style.
2) A class can also be specified without associating a specific element to it and then attached to any element which is to be styled in accordance with it's declaration. All elements to which a specific class is attached will have the same style.

To classify an element add a period to the selector followed by an unique name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit. (Note: in HTML the value of the CLASS attribute can contain more characters). (Note: text between /* and */ are my comments).
CSS
P.name1 {color: red} /* one class of P selector */
P.name2 {color: blue} /* another class of P selector */
.name3 {color: green} /* can be attached to any element */

HTML
<P class=name1>This paragraph will be red</P>
<P class=name2>This paragraph will be blue</P>
<P class=name3>This paragraph will be green</P>
<LI class=name3>This list item will be green</LI>

It is a good practice to name classes according to their function than their appearance; e.g. P.fotnote and not P.green. In CSS1 only one class can be attached to a selector. CSS2 allows attaching more classes, e.g.:
P.name1.name2.name3 {declaration} <P class="name1 name2 name2">This paragraph has three classes attached</P>

What is grouping ?

Grouping is gathering (1) into a comma separated list two or more selectors that share the same style or (2) into a semicolon separated list two or more declarations that are attached to the same selector (2).

1. The selectors LI, P with class name .first and class .footnote share the same style, e.g.:
LI {font-style: italic}
P.first {font-style: italic}
.footnote {font-style: italic}

To reduce the size of style sheets and also save some typing time they can all be grouped in one list.
LI, P.first, .footnote {font-style: italic}

2. The declarations {font-style: italic} and {color: red} can be attached to one selector, e.g.:
H2 {font-style: italic}
H2 {color: red}
and can also be grouped into one list:
H2 {font-style: italic; color: red}

What is external Style Sheet? How to link?

External Style Sheet is a template/document/file containing style information which can be linked with any number of HTML documents. This is a very convenient way of formatting the entire site as well as restyling it by editing just one file. The file is linked with HTML documents via the LINK element inside the HEAD element. Files containing style information must have extension .css, e.g. style.css. <HEAD> <LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="style.css" TYPE="text/css"> </HEAD>

Is CSS case sensitive?

Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is not case sensitive. However, font families, URLs to images, and other direct references with the style sheet may be.
The trick is that if you write a document using an XML declaration and an XHTML doctype, then the CSS class names will be case sensitive for some browsers.

It is a good idea to avoid naming classes where the only difference is the case, for example:

div.myclass { ...}
div.myClass { ... }

If the DOCTYPE or XML declaration is ever removed from your pages, even by mistake, the last instance of the style will be used, regardless of case.

Three selectors: h1, .warning and #footer, what they do ?
An element points at a HTML-tag somewhere on your page. In the example above we want to style the <h1>-tag. Note that using an element like that affects all tags with that name, so using p { margin-left: 100px; } gives all <p>-tags a left-margin.
Using a class is just as simple. When writing .your_class you style all tags with a class with the name “your_class”. In the example above we have .warning which will style e.g. <div class="warning"> and <em class="warning">, that is, any element with the class warning. Classes are used when you want to style just a few of your tags in a way, perhaps you want some of your links red? Add a class to all those links.
You need one more building block: the id. This time you style an element with the attribute “id” set to the id you have chosen. Ids work exactly like classes except for one thing; you can only have one id with a certain name in each of your HTML documents. In the example above we style <div id="footer">. If you look at the example it does make sense: a HTML document may contain several warnings but only one footer. Ids should be used when you want to style just one specific tag.
Using those three building blocks will take you far but when you get to more advanced layouts you might want to combine the building blocks into more advanced selectors. Just to give you two examples of what you can do: em.warning to style only those <em>-tags with the class .warning set. You can also use #footer a to style only the links that are nested inside the tag with id “footer.
Each of the selectors has a set of declarations tied to them. Each declaration has a property, describing what we want to change and a value, what we should change it to. An example: a { color: Blue; font-size: 3em; }. You have the selector a there, so all links in your document will be styled. We have two declarations: color: Blue and font-size: 3em;. Lastly each declaration consists of two parts: the property color and the value Blue.
there is a LOT of things you can style and play with. Additionally (close to) all tags are equal in CSS, so you can set e.g. borders and colors of any element just like you could with a table if you used only HTML.

What are Style Sheets?

Style Sheets are templates, very similar to templates in desktop publishing applications, containing a collection of rules declared to various selectors (elements).

What is CSS rule 'ruleset'?

There are two types of CSS rules: ruleset and at-rule. Ruleset identifies selector or selectors and declares style which is to be attached to that selector or selectors. For example P {text-indent: 10pt} is a CSS rule. CSS rulesets consist of two parts: selector, e.g. P and declaration, e.g. {text-indent: 10pt}.

P {text-indent: 10pt} - CSS rule (ruleset)
{text-indent: 10pt} - CSS declaration
text-indent - CSS property
10pt - CSS value

'Fixed' Background?

There is the possibility to use the HTML tag bgproperties="fixed", but that is IE proprietary, and dependent upon the 'background' attribute (deprecated in HTML4).

With CSS, you can declare the background like:

BODY {
font-family : "Trebuchet MS", Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
background-image: url(images/yourimage.gif);
background-repeat: no-repeat; /*no-tiling background*/
background-position: center;
background-attachment: fixed;
background-color: #hexcolor;
color : #hexcolor;
margin: 10px;}

that shows a background-image in the center of the <BODY> element, non-scrolling and non-repeating - in IE or NN6. NN 4.xx gets the non-repeat-part right, but stuffs the picture in the upper left corner and scrolls ...

What is embedded style? How to link?

Embedded style is the style attached to one specific document. The style information is specified as a content of the STYLE element inside the HEAD element and will apply to the entire document.

<HEAD>
<STYLE TYPE="text/css">

</STYLE>
</HEAD>

Note: The styling rules are written as a HTML comment, that is, between  to hide the content in browsers without CSS support which would otherwise be displayed.

What is ID selector?

ID selector is an individually identified (named) selector to which a specific style is declared. Using the ID attribute the declared style can then be associated with one and only one HTML element per document as to differentiate it from all other elements. ID selectors are created by a character # followed by the selector's name. The name can contain characters a-z, A-Z, digits 0-9, period, hyphen, escaped characters, Unicode characters 161-255, as well as any Unicode character as a numeric code, however, they cannot start with a dash or a digit.

#abc123 {color: red; background: black}

<P ID=abc123>This and only this element can be identified as abc123 </P>

What is contextual selector?

Contextual selector is a selector that addresses specific occurrence of an element. It is a string of individual selectors separated by white space, a search pattern, where only the last element in the pattern is addressed providing it matches the specified context.

TD P CODE {color: red}

The element CODE will be displayed in red but only if it occurs in the context of the element P which must occur in the context of the element TD.

TD P CODE, H1 EM {color: red}

The element CODE will be displayed in red as described above AND the element EM will also be red but only if it occurs in the context of H1

P .footnote {color: red}

Any element with CLASS footnote will be red but only if it occurs in the context of P

P .footnote [lang]{color: red}

Any element with attribute LANG will be red but only if it is classed as "footnote" and occurs in the context of P

How do I have a background image that isn't tiled?

Specify the background-repeat property as no-repeat. You can also use the background property as a shortcut for specifying multiple background-* properties at once. Here's an example:

BODY {background: #FFF url(watermark.jpg) no-repeat;}

What does \ABCD (and \ABCDE) mean?

CSS allows Unicode characters to be entered by number. For example, if a CLASS value in some Russian document contains Cyrillic letters EL PE (Unicode numbers 041B and 041F) and you want to write a style rule for that class, you can put that letter into the style sheet by writing:

.\041B\041F {font-style: italic;}
This works on all keyboards, so you don't need a Cyrillic keyboard to write CLASS names in Russian or another language that uses that script.

The digits and letters after the backslash (\) are a hexadecimal number. Hexadecimal numbers are made from ordinary digits and the letters A to F (or a to f). Unicode numbers consist of four such digits.

If the number starts with a 0, you may omit it. The above could also be written as:

.\41B\41F {font-style: italic;}
But be careful if the next letter after the three digits is also a digit or a letter a to f! This is OK: .\41B-\41F, since the dash (-) cannot be mistaken for a hexadecimal digit, but .\41B9\41F is only two letters, not three.

Four digits is the maximum, however, so if you write:
.\041B9\041F {font-style: italic;}

Why do style sheets exist?

SGML (of which HTML is a derivative) was meant to be a device-independent method for conveying a document's structural and semantic content (its meaning.) It was never meant to convey physical formatting information. HTML has crossed this line and now contains many elements and attributes which specify visual style and formatting information. One of the main reasons for style sheets is to stop the creation of new HTML physical formatting constructs and once again separate style information from document content.

What are the advantages/disadvantages of the various style methods?

External Style Sheets
Advantages

* Can control styles for multiple documents at once
* Classes can be created for use on multiple HTML element types in many documents
* Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts

Disadvantages

* An extra download is required to import style information for each document
* The rendering of the document may be delayed until the external style sheet is loaded
* Becomes slightly unwieldy for small quantities of style definitions

Embedded Style Sheets
Advantages

* Classes can be created for use on multiple tag types in the document
* Selector and grouping methods can be used to apply styles under complex contexts
* No additional downloads necessary to receive style information

Disadvantages

* This method can not control styles for multiple documents at once

Inline Styles
Advantages

* Useful for small quantities of style definitions
* Can override other style specification methods at the local level so only exceptions need to be listed in conjunction with other style methods

Disadvantages

* Does not distance style information from content (a main goal of SGML/HTML)
* Can not control styles for multiple documents at once
* Author can not create or control classes of elements to control multiple element types within the document
* Selector grouping methods can not be used to create complex element addressing scenarios

What is inline style? How to link?

Inline style is the style attached to one specific element. The style is specified directly in the start tag as a value of the STYLE attribute and will apply exclusively to this specific element occurrence.

<P STYLE="text-indent: 10pt">Indented paragraph</P>

What is imported Style Sheet? How to link?
Imported Style Sheet is a sheet that can be imported to (combined with) another sheet. This allows creating one main sheet containing declarations that apply to the whole site and partial sheets containing declarations that apply to specific elements (or documents) that may require additional styling. By importing partial sheets to the main sheet a number of sources can be combined into one.
To import a style sheet or style sheets include the @import notation or notations in the STYLE element. The @import notations must come before any other declaration. If more than one sheet is imported they will cascade in order they are imported - the last imported sheet will override the next last; the next last will override the second last, and so on. If the imported style is in conflict with the rules declared in the main sheet then it will be overridden.

<LINK REL=STYLESHEET HREF="main.css" TYPE="text/css">
<STYLE TYPE="text=css">

</STYLE>

What is a Style Sheet?

Style sheets are the way that standards-compliant Web designers define the layout, look-and-feel, and design of their pages. They are called Cascading Style Sheets or CSS. With style sheets, a designer can define many aspects of a Web page:

* fonts
* colors
* layout
* positioning
* imagery
* accessibility

Style sheets give you a lot of power to define how your pages will look. And another great thing about them is that style sheets make it really easy to update your pages when you want to make a new design. Simply load in a new style sheet onto your pages and you're done.

What is alternate Style Sheet? How to link?

Alternate Style Sheet is a sheet defining an alternate style to be used in place of style(s) declared as persistent and/or preferred .
Persistent style is a default style that applies when style sheets are enabled but can disabled in favor of an alternate style, e.g.:

<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="style.css" TYPE="text/css">

Preferred style is a default style that applies automatically and is declared by setting the TITLE attribute to the LINK element. There can only be one preferred style, e.g.:

<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="style2.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="appropriate style description">

Alternate style gives an user the choice of selecting an alternative style - a very convenient way of specifying a media dependent style. Note: Each group of alternate styles must have unique TITLE, e.g.:

<LINK REL="Alternate Stylesheet" HREF="style3.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="appropriate style description" MEDIA=screen>
<LINK REL="Alternate Stylesheet" HREF="style4.css" TYPE="text/css" TITLE="appropriate style description" MEDIA=print>

Alternate stylesheet are not yet supported.

How can you set a minimum width for IE?

To set a minimum width, the CSS property is 'min-width'. This can be very useful and works well in good browsers. IE doesn't understand 'min-width'. However, it has a proprietary property called 'expression' which allows us to feed it javascript via a stylesheet. Below is how to set a (780px) minimum width for IE...



As the property is non-standard, it won't validate with the W3C validator, so if we put it in the head like this (above) - in an IE conditional comment - the validator will ignore it and the page will get a clean bill of health.

Which browsers support CSS?

It depends on your definition of "support." If you are interested in those browsers which makes some attempt at supporting CSS, no matter how partial or bug-ridden, then the list is:

* Internet Explorer 3.0 and above
* Navigator 4.0 and above
* Opera 3.6 and above
* Konqueror
* Arena
* Emacs-w3
* Amaya
* Lexicon
* XPublish by Media Design in·Progress

If instead you're interested in those browsers which are known to do a credible job of bug-free and mostly completel support for CSS1, then the list narrows somewhat dramatically:

* Internet Explorer 5.0 for Macintosh and above
* Internet Exporer 5.5 for Windows and above
* Netscape Navigator 6.0 and above
* Opera 4.0 and above

While none of these browser can be claimed to have a perfect implementation of CSS1, they are all quite good and can be relied upon to operate in a consistent fashion for most of CSS1. Read More...

css interview questions and answers part2

noreply@blogger.com (webdesignerface) — Fri, 28 Sep 2012 03:15:00 -0700

Css Interview Questions and Answers

Post by : M.Selva

How do I place text over an image?

To place text or image over an image you use the position property. The below exemple is supported by IE 4.0. All you have to do is adapt the units to your need.

<div style="position: relative; width: 200px; height: 100px">
<div style="position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 200px">
<image>
</div>
<div style="position: absolute; top: 20%; left: 20%; width: 200px">
Text that nicely wraps
</div>
</div>

what CSS is, why not start coding?

CSS is sort of like scripting language made for the web. In contrary with HTML, DHTML, JavaScript, VBScript and many others. CSS is strictly for formatting your web-page and now many new browser support it. (NOTE: Older browser do not support CSS, so please check your browser version and make sure whether it supports it or not. You may have to update your current Browser.)

The way the code goes into your Web-page is through a variety of ways. The way CSS works is that is the code is set between the<head></head> tags. You can put the CSS code after </title> which is what most people do. Now, here are the following ways of making your webpage with CSS enabled features:

1.) Writing your CSS code within your HTML source code. This is how it would look like:

<html><head><title>My First CSS!</title>

<STYLE TYPE = "text/css">

</STYLE>

</head><body></body></html>

2.) Linking to your CSS file. This tells the webpage to find the .css file and use it as the CSS code. Here is the code that would allow you to do:

<html><head><title>CSS</title>
<link href="style.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head><body /></html>

As you can see from the code above, the <link> tag is pretty helpful. What it does is that it links to the style.css file which has all the css code. Just like embedding an image throught he <img> tag.

Now to explain a bit from the first example. CSS code isn't very hard to understand.Take for example the body { ..} part. What it does is that it formats how the <body> tag in HTML would work. That is a very simple way of formatting the body tag with the CSS. To help you understand better, here is a simple syntax for CSS:

selector { property1: value1; property2: value2;}

The "selector" sort of relates to the html tags used for outputting etc...

We all know that <a> is a tag used for links. You will see in the example about a:hover and a itself. <br>What a does it just sets the characteristics of the format. You can set how you want a link to appear using the font size, weight etc..

Then comes the "a:hover". What does is also pretty self explanatory. It acts on when a person moves the mouse cursor over the links.

ADVANCED CSS FEATURES:

CSS can be even used to change the appearance of the scroll bar at your right side. Unfortunately, that only works with IE. You have to be using IE in order for this to work. Here is how to change some appearances of your scroll bar:

The CSS statements for doing this are:
1) scrollbar-3dlight-color
2)scrollbar-arrow-color
3) scrollbar-base-color
4) scrollbar-dark shadow-color
5) scrollbar-face-color
6) scrollbar-highlight-color
7) scrollbar-shadow-color
8) scrollbar-track-color

<style type="text/css">

</style>

How to customize your textboxes.
Here is the code on how to do it:

<style type="text/css">

</style>

That above code, has some similarities. The textbox area is treated with the same function statements as for the scrollbar. The scrollbar statements goes in the BODY selector.

Why does my content shift to the left on some pages (in FF)?

That'll be the pages with more content? The ones that have a vertical scrollbar? If you look in IE there's probably a white space on the right where there would be a scrollbar if there were enough content to require one. In Firefox, the scrollbar appears when it's needed and the viewport becomes about 20px smaller, so the content seems to shift to the left when you move from a page with little content to one with lots of content. It's not a bug or something that needs to be fixed, but it does confuse and irritate some developers.

If, for some reason, you'd like Firefox to always have scrollbars - whether they're needed or not - you can do this :

CSS html {
height:100.1%;}

How do I combine multiple sheets into one?
To combine multiple/partial style sheets into one set the TITLE attribute taking one and the same value to the LINK element. The combined style will apply as a preferred style, e.g.:

<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="default.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="fonts.css" TITLE="combined">
<LINK REL=Stylesheet HREF="tables.css" TITLE="combined">

What is attribute selector?

Attribute selector is a selector defined by 1) the attribute set to element(s), 2) the attribute and value(s), 3) the attribute and value parts:

1a) A[title] {text-decoration: underline}
All A elements containing the TITLE attribute will be underlined

1b) A[class=name] {text-decoration: underline}
The A elements classed as 'name' will be underlined

2) A[title="attribute element"] {text-decoration: underline}
The A elements containing the TITLE attribute with a value that is an exact match of the specified value, which in this example is 'attribute element', will be underlined

3) A[title~="attribute"] {text-decoration: underline}
The A elements containing the TITLE attribute with a value containing the specified word, which in this example is 'attribute', will be underlined

What is parent-child selector?

Parent-child selector is a selector representing the direct descendent of a parent element. Parent-child selectors are created by listing two or more tilde (~) separated selectors.

BODY ~ P {background: red; color: white}
The P element will be declared the specified style only if it directly descends from the BODY element:
<BODY> <P>Red and white paragraph </P> </BODY>

BODY ~ P ~ EM {background: red; color: white}
The EM element will be declared the specified style only if it directly descends from the P element which in its turn directly descends from the BODY element:

< <P> <EM>Red and white EM </EM> </P> </BODY>

How can I specify background images?

With CSS, you can suggest a background image (and a background color, for those not using your image) with the background property. Here is an example:

body {
background: white url(example.gif) ;
color: black ;}
If you specify a background image, you should also specify text, link, and background colors since the reader's default colors may not provide adequate contrast against your background image. The background color may be used by those not using your background image. Authors should not rely on the specified background image since browsers allow their users to disable image loading or to override document-specified backgrounds.

How do I have a fixed (non-scrolling) background image?

With CSS, you can use the background-attachment property. The background attachment can be included in the shorthand background property, as in this example:

body {
background: white url(example.gif) fixed ;
color: black ;}

Note that this CSS is supported by Internet Explorer, Mozilla, Firefox Opera, Safari, and other browsers. In contrast, Microsoft's proprietary BGPROPERTIES attribute is supported only by Internet Explorer.

What are inline, block, parent, children, replaced and floating elements?

Inline
elements which do not have line breaks. Can occur in block elements or other inline elements, cannot contain block elements.
Inline elements in HTML 3.2; EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, TT, I, B, U, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, APPLET, FONT, BASEFONT, BR, SCRIPT, MAP, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA.

Inline elements in HTML 4.0; EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, ABBR, ACRONYM, TT, I, B, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, OBJECT, BR, SCRIPT, MAP, Q, SPAN, BDO, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, LABEL, BUTTON, (INS, DEL).

Inline elements in HTML 4.0 Transitional; EM, STRONG, DFN, CODE, SAMP, KBD, VAR, CITE, ABBR, ACRONYM, TT, I, B, U, S, STRIKE, BIG, SMALL, SUB, SUP, A, IMG, APPLET, OBJECT, FONT, BASEFONT, BR, SCRIPT, MAP, Q, SPAN, BDO, IFRAME, INPUT, SELECT, TEXTAREA, LABEL, BUTTON, (INS, DEL).

Block
elements which do have line breaks. May occur in other block elements, cannot occur in inline elements, may contain both block and inline elements.

Block elements in HTML 3.2; H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, ADDRESS, P, DL, DT, DD, UL, OL, DIR, MENU, LI, DIV, CENTER, BLOCKQUOTE, PRE, HR, ISINDEX, TABLE, FORM.

Block elements in HTML 4.0; P, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, UL, OL, PRE, DL, DIV, NOSCRIPT, BLOCKQUOTE, FORM, HR, TABLE, FIELDSET, ADDRESS, (INS, DEL).

Block elements in HTML 4.0 Transitional; P, H1, H2, H3, H4, H5, H6, UL, OL, DIR, MENU, PRE, DL, DIV, CENTER, NOSCRIPT, NOFRAMES, BLOCKQUOTE, FORM, ISINDEX, HR, TABLE, FIELDSET, ADDRESS, (INS, DEL).

Parents and children
elements which either contain (parents) or are in the content of (children) other elements, e.g. <P>text<STRONG>text</STRONG>text</P>. P is a parent of STRONG. STRONG is a child of P. If not specified otherwise, children will inherit parent's properties.
Replaced
elements which content is replaced. For example content of the IMG element is replaced with an image, content of the INPUT element is replace with a field.
Floating
elements which follow the flow of a parent - inline elements.

Which set of definitions, HTML attributes or CSS properties, take precedence?

CSS properties take precedence over HTML attributes. If both are specified, HTML attributes will be displayed in browsers without CSS support but won't have any effect in browsers with CSS support.

How do I eliminate the blue border around linked images?

in your CSS, you can specify the border property for linked images:

a img { border: none ; }
However, note that removing the border that indicates an image is a link makes it harder for users to distinguish quickly and easily which images on a web page are clickable.